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analysis, the three larger databases—those of the UN, EIA, and OLADE— were examined and compared. 3. Efficient losses are based on data from Puerto Rico (for small island countries, with total losses of 6.9 percent), and Chile (for larger countries, with total losses of 7.9 percent). For countries with high total losses, the reference TL were fixed at 9.4 percent (for larger countries) and 8.4 percent (expert assumption for small island countries). Reference CL were defined as the difference between total and reference TL. However, for countries with total losses less than or slightly exceeding the reference TL, the reference CL were adjusted to 2 percent or slightly less. Thus, for these countries, the reference TL became the remainder. Fixing the reference CL at 2 percent or slightly lower resulted from the perception that CL are usually present in LAC countries for cultural, social, and economic reasons. Also, it is difficult to identify isolated CL cases, and further reducing them is unlikely to be cost-efficient.
References Aburto, J. 2010. Study on Mitigating Impact of Oil Price Volatility in Central America and the Caribbean Energy Efficiency of Public Utilities: Transmission and Distribution Losses. Report prepared for the World Bank, Washington, DC: World Bank. CONACE (National Commission on Energy Conservation). 2003. Programa Nacional de Conservación de Energía 2003–2008 (PRONACE). San José: Comisión Nacional de Conservación de Energía. ECLAC. 2009. “Situación y Perspectivas de la Eficiencia Energética en América Latina y El Caribe.” Prepared for the Regional Intergovernment Meeting on “Energy Efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean,” Santiago, Chile. September 15–16. Johnson, T. M., C. Alatorre, Z. Romo, and F. Liu. 2009. Low-carbon Development for Mexico. Washington, DC: World Bank. OLADE (Latin American Energy Organization). 2008. Energy Statistics Report—2007. Quito: Organización Latinoamericana de Energía.