Financing Early Child Development
65
Figure 3.5 Ownership of and Enrollment in Private and Public Kindergartens in China, 1986–2008
Ministry of Education Private
4,000 2,000
08
0
05
08 20
05 20
00 20
95 19
90 19
19
86
0
6,000
20
4,000 2,000
8,000
20
6,000
10,000
95 20 00
8,000
90
10,000
12,000
19
12,000
14,000
86
14,000
19
Number of students (thousands)
Number of kindergartens
16,000
b. Enrollment in kindergartens in China, by type of ownership, 1986–2008 16,000
19
a. Ownership of kindergartens in China, 1986–2008
Collectives Other ministries
Source: MOE various years.
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Cz ec
Fr an ce h It Re al Ru pu y ss b ia n Fin lic Fe la de nd ra Un ite P tion d ola Ki n ng d do M m ex OE N ic CD or o av way er D Un en age ite m d ark St at e Ch s ile Isr ae Sp l a Ice in Ge lan d Ko rma re ny a, Au Rep st . ra l Ja ia pa n
% of total expenditure
Figure 3.6 Private Expenditure as a Percentage of Total Expenditure on Preprimary Education Institutions in Selected Countries, 2008
Source: OECD 2011.
“sponsorship fees,” usually one-time payments made in order to gain admission. Sponsorship fees contribute to the capital of kindergartens. They are used to renovate classrooms; buy equipment (HDTVs, computers, DVDs, musical instruments); undertake repairs and maintenance; and beautify the premises. These fees can be hefty. Monthly fees cover the cost of teaching and learning materials (mostly consumables, such as papers for drawing) and food. Government subsidies usually cover the salaries of teachers and staff and provisions for the