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Module 2: Competitiveness Diagnostics
Table 2.3. Summary of Main Components of Trade Facilitation and Logistics Assessment
Module 2
Components Trade logistics performance a. Trade logistics patterns 1. Availability of statistics, sources 2. Volume by routes, modes, and gateway 3. Main commodities in volume b. Logistics performance: cost, time, reliability on the main routes; arbitrage costs reliability by exporter and importers, specific commodities c. Other issues: economies of scale, backload Availability, quality, and performance of services a. Logistics competence: practices and skills with consignees b. Trucking market structure c. Trucking operational performance d. Freight-forwarding and integration e. Customs brokers f. Railways services g. Express h. Banking and insurance i. Warehousing, 3PLs (3rd party logistics) j. Others: air cargo, river services Trade and customs facilitation a. Coordination, transparency, security and IT b. Customs clearance c. Customs regimes d. Import and export chains, main steps, and structure of delays
International connectivity and transit systems a. Transit systems b. Port/shipping connectivity c. Customs performance d. Facilitation of multimodal transportation
Trade supporting infrastructure a. Roads b. Ports c. Railroad d. Airports e. Other backbone infrastructure
Policy areas and main issues Tools and institutions to measure and assess logistics performance a. Statistical instruments for trade in volume b. Logistics performance on main routes and at gateway in terms of cost, time, and reliability
Regulation of transport and logistics services a. Licensing of transport—equipment and operations b. Effectiveness of freight regulations (e.g., axle load) c. Domestic and regional regulation of long-distance transport Quality, reliability of logistics services a. Foreign participation in logistics services b. Availability of value added logistics services, and conducive regulations c. Access to information on available services
Customs modernization a. Transparency and consistency of customs clearance procedures b. Improvement of clearance and border facilities (physical and IT). c. Introduction of modern practices conducive of professionalism (risk management, authorized operators) d. Coordination among border agencies and procedural consistency with customs Transit regime a. Transit systems applicable on international road and rail corridors b. Reduction of controls at the border and en route c. Domestic and regional regulation of entry of transit operators Air and sea connectivity and liberalization of services a. Air transport services, passenger, and cargo b. Shipping services, impact of feeder services Public infrastructure a. Adequacy of maintenance funding and policies b. Port development c. Improvement in service delivery (price and quality) and private participation. d. Development of logistics hubs, such as logistics centers (in or not in free zones), inland clearance facilities, and dry ports/inland container depots e. Addressing congestion problems in rural areas f. IT infrastructure
Source: World Bank 2010d.
and products and trade relationships on which to focus. This is necessary because the structure of the supply chain, the nature of transport, and the regulations and procedures involved will vary significantly across products—for example, the trade logistics issues facing an exporter of fresh-cut
flowers vary dramatically from those facing an exporter of coal or of consumer electronics. It will be critical to address the import side of supply chains, as this is where many of the biggest performance gaps are found. Selection of the supply chains to study should focus on those supply chains