iv
Contents
Development and Implementation of BEECs ............................................................... 72 Lessons Learned from the Early Adopters .................................................................... 83 6. Mainstreaming BEECs in Developing Countries and International Assistance Strategies ........................................................................................................................... 85 Expand and Strengthen the Political Support for Energy Efficiency ......................... 86 Improve the Effectiveness of Government Supervision of the Building Construction Sector ................................................................................................... 86 Develop Technical and Engineering Capacity of the Supply Chain .......................... 87 Bridge the Gap in Incremental Cost Financing ............................................................. 89 Appendixes ............................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix 1. Case Study: Implementing Building Energy Efficiency Codes in China ........................................................................................................................... 93 Appendix 2. Case Study: Building Energy Efficiency Codes in Egypt .................... 111 Appendix 3. Case Study: Toward Implementation of the Energy Conservation Building Code in India ................................................................... 125 Appendix 4. Case Study: Mexico—Breaking Building Energy Efficiency Grounds with a National Low-Income Housing Program ................................ 144 Appendix 5. Case Study: BEEC Implementation in the U.S. State of California .................................................................................................................. 163 Appendix 6. BEECs in Selected Countries in Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa ............................................................................ 176 Appendix 7. Voluntary Low-Energy/Green Building Schemes................................ 179 References ............................................................................................................................... 182 Tables Table 1.1. Incentives for Adopting or Exceeding the Requirements of BEECs ............... 12 Table 2.1. Institutional Options for Enforcement of Building Codes, Including BEECs ................................................................................................................................ 29 Table 3.1. Regional Status of BEECs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries* ............... 36 Table 3.2. Experience with BEEC Compliance around the World .................................... 41 Table 4.1. Main Features of Building Permit Procedures in Selected European Countries ........................................................................................................................... 45 Table 4.2. Public- and Private-Sector Roles in Building Control in Selected European Countries ......................................................................................................... 46 Table 4.3. Enforcement Models for BEEC Control in Selected European Countries ...... 46 Table 4.4. Instruments for BEEC Enforcement .................................................................... 48 Table 4.5. Extent of Compliance with BEECs and Underlying Problems ........................ 49 Table 4.6. EPBD Requirements to Be Implemented in Each EU Member State .............. 51 Table 4.7. Code Compliance Rates for Residential Buildings in U.S. States, 2005 .......... 57 Table 4.8. California—Summary of Building Measure Noncompliance Estimates ........ 58 Table 5.1. Basic Country Data—China, Egypt, India, and Mexico ................................... 71 Table 5.2. BEECs in China, Egypt, India, and Mexico ........................................................ 75 Table 5.3. Conditions for Implementation of BEECs .......................................................... 78