Index 493
journalists’ coverage of governance issues in, 151–58 media reform efforts, 153 regulatory needs in, 154–55 two-way dialogue programs in, 157 democratization of democracy, 392, 396–97 de Oliveira, Jose Benedito, 297–98 Department for International Development (DFID, UK), 151, 153, 154, 158, 343n1 Department of Provincial and Local Government (DPLG, South Africa), 382, 385–86 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 43, 44, 67, 200n18 Development Research Centre on Citizenship, Participation and Accountability, 343n1 Dewey, John, 27, 28, 216, 217, 224, 228 diagnostic frames, 264–65 diagonal accountability, 407 DIALOG Project (Poland), 322 Diamond, Larry, 67, 70 Dikshit, Sheila, 361 direct accountability, 3–8 “disaffected democracies,” 249n14 disconfirmation bias, 110 discussion movement, 216 “disenchanted democrats,” 249n14 dispositional system, 276 “distrusting democrats,” 237–41, 249n14 diversity as political value, 111 Dominican Republic access to information in, 145 civic education in, 305n7, 320, 321, 323 Douglass, Frederick, 25, 30 downward accountability mechanisms, 61–63 DPLG (Department of Provincial and Local Government, South Africa), 382, 385–86 Dreze, J., 380 Durkheim, Emile, 259 Dutra, Olivio, 39 dysfunctional citizen paradox, 110–14
E East Africa, service accountability in, 174 Eastern Europe, associationalism in, 68, 292
economic development civic engagement and, 293 ICT and, 163–64 public opinion and, 13 Ecuador, access to information in, 145 e-Democracia Project (Brazil), 171 education. See also civic education as citizen participation requirement, 29 civic participation and, 305n1 deliberative process and, 228 as goal of deliberative institutions, 222 of journalists, 156 public goods electoral platforms and, 130 in public speaking, 228–29 service accountability and, 362 educative forums, 184, 190 egoism, 104. See also self-interest e-government initiatives, 170–71 Egypt, social revolution of 2011, 7 elaboration as accountability condition, 90–92 Elaboration Likelihood Model, 91 elections access to information and, 162 as accountability mechanism, 26, 49n12 monitoring of, 171–72 public goods platforms, 124 state support for social accountability mechanisms and, 47 electoral clientelism, 72 “electoral” vs. “liberal” democracy, 49n22 elites decentralization of state authority and, 41 framing by, 110 group identification and, 106 narratives controlled by, 13–14 opinion aggregation and, 97–98, 112, 113, 269 participatory constitution making and, 237–38, 241–44 participatory governance and, 21, 21f public dialogue manipulated by, 205 public opinion and, 419 social accountability mechanisms and, 12–13 Elliot, Harrison, 216 Elster, Jon, 26 “embedded citizen” view, 98 eMoksha, 170