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Low-Carbon Development for Mexico
Table C.14 Assumptions about Traditional and Improved Charcoal Kilns Traditional kiln
Kiln assumptions Charcoal/wood ratio (t charcoal/TDM) (%)
Improved kiln
18
30
6.00
2.22
Investment per kiln ($)
n.a.
1,980
Operations and maintenance first year per kiln (training and supervision costs) ($)
n.a.
146
Lifetime (years)
n.a.
5
Emissions of CO2 (t CO2e/t charcoal)
2.403
1.382
Emissions of other gases (CH4 and N2O) (t CO2e/t charcoal)
1.106
1.108
80
0
Labor days per ton of production
Percentage of nonrenewability
Source: Pennise and others 2001; estimates by charcoal experts Enrique Riegelhaupt and Tere Arias. Note: n.a. = not applicable.
Wildlife Management
• Program definition: Place 30 million hectares under wildlife management • Project duration: 22 years • Investment costs: $15/hectare • Operations and maintenance costs: $36.50/hectare/year • Revenue from agritourism: $4/hectare/year • Revenue without project (opportunity costs): $31.50/hectare/year Payment for Environmental Services
• Program definition: Place 5 million hectares under compensation for environmental services • Project duration: 22 years • Investment costs: 0 • Operations and maintenance costs: $35.19/hectare/year • Revenue with project: 0 • Revenue without project (opportunity costs): $31.50/hectare/year Afforestation
• Program definition: Afforest 1.5 million hectares • Project duration: 30 years Project assumptions • Investment: $1,120/hectare • Maintenance: $230/hectare/year (this is considered as investment in the economic analysis because it takes place only during the first five years) • Opportunity costs: $140/hectare/year • Harvest factor: 30 percent • Harvest pattern: First 30 percent harvest at year 10; second 30 percent harvest at year 20; final harvest (100 percent) at year 30