Index
public opinion and understanding access to market information for consumers, 20 of Egypt’s health insurance system, 181 for implementation of social insurance, 34 perception of private and public health insurance, xix, 85 PVHI in Eastern Europe and Central Asia and, 70 purchasing and contracting, recommendations for Egypt, 182 PVHI. see private voluntary health insurance quality of care best practices in health insurance, 22 possible PVHI outcomes, 86 recommendations for Egypt, 182 redistributive effects of reforms, implications for PVHI growth, 21 regional differences commercial insurance markets, 39f factors favoring PVHI development, 40 importance of commercial insurance market, 38–49, 39f premium incomes, 95–97t PVHI market, 38–40 regions of interest, 38. see also specific region share of insurance premiums, 39, 40f theoretical modeling, 120–21 regulation barriers to market entry, 120 in Brazil, 303, 306–7, 320 challenges in low- and middle-income countries, 79 in China, 263, 271 constraints to PVHI supply growth, 9, 132 determinants of intensity, 121, 121t in East Asia and Pacific countries, 53 in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 68, 69–70 effects on benefit package, 113, 122 effects on insurer’s risk selection efforts, 115 effects on loading, 116 in Egypt, 166, 172, 173, 181 of foreign insurance providers, 85 in India, 126 in Latin America, 45–47, 122
487
mandated coverage for high-risk and/ or low-income individuals, 53 in Middle East and North African countries, 73, 76–77 minimal, with some subsidies, 11 optimal amount, xxiv, 12, 29 potential negative effects, 11 rationale, xxiv, 29, 79, 87 risk of over regulation, 11, 22 salient issues, 79–80 in Slovenia, 129 in South Africa, 193 in South Asian countries, 58–59 strategies for strengthening PVHI market, 20 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 62–65 in Thailand, 130, 217 unregulated and unsubsidized insurance markets, 10–11 reimbursement system China’s, 269, 290 Korea’s, 407, 408, 408t Lebanon’s, 77 projections for Korea, 421 recommendations for Egypt, 182–83 South Africa’s, 198 reinsurance community risk-rated, xx–xxi loading costs and, 116, 129 rationale in health care, xxi in South Africa, 195, 197 resistance to reform, political factors, 21 risk management capacity in PVHI institutions, 20 challenges to PVHI growth, 21 multipillar approach to health insurance financing, 5 private commercial health insurance suppliers, 38 in PVHI, 36 response to new health risk, 113 risk-rated premiums, 36 role of insurance, 5 in Slovenia, 381–91, 395–96 in South Africa, 197–98 strategies to increase group insurance membership, 84 Thailand, 216 risk pool advantages of community-rated reinsurance, xxi community-financed health care and private health insurance, xxi