Foundations of Design : Representation, SEM1, 2017 M3 JOURNAL - PATTERN vs SURFACE Claire Woodward
(915 504) Carl Areskoug + Studio 15
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WEEK 6 READING: SURFACES THAT CAN BE BUILT FROM PAPER IN ARCHITECTURAL GEOMETRY Question 1: What are the three elementary types of developable surfaces? Provide a brief description. (Maximum 100 words) The three elementary types of developable surfaces are cylinders, cones and tangent surfaces of space curves. To be developable the surfaces must be able to be mapped isometrically on a plane because isometric mappings maintain Gaussian curvature which would be the same on a developable surface. These three elementary types are all special ruled surfaces because a tangent plane is always tangent to the surface throughout and they also have vanishing Gaussian curvature. The surface of a cylinder is created through a series or parallel lines, a cones surface is created by a central extrusion and finally tangent surfaces of space curves are also developable as each tangent plane is tangent to the whole surface edge.
Question 2: Why is the understanding of developable surface critical in the understanding of architectural geometry? Choose one precedent from Research/Precedents tab on LMS as an example for your discussion. (Maximum 100 words) An understanding of the geometry behind a developable surface is integral when reflecting it within architectural geometry as it allows you to gauge the limitations and the freedom these elementary types give you. All materials we work with are limited in their abilities to reflect a design, for example in Huyghe and Le Corbusier’s puppet theatre glass is used to create a geometric pattern. Through understanding the math and method behind surfaces enables them to create a pattern that can be developed without gaps or morphing of shapes. Resulting in fluidity and accuracy throughout their design.
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PANELLING 2D PATTERN
2d Panelling, Pattern: Triangular
2d Panelling, Pattern: Tribasic
Experimenting with these various 2D Paneling patterns I was able to become more familiar with rhino and intern was more confident in later stages of the assignment after mastering these commencing steps
2d Panelling, Pattern: Angle Box
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VARIABLE 2D PATTERN
2D Custom Variable used with curved lines as curve attractors to replicated the 3D panel arrangement to use star shape panel with diversity in sizes. This design doesn’t work as a panel though as the squares would not translate well onto paper.
2D Custome Variable used with curved lines as curve attractors . By removing the square frame you can see the variiation of stars more clearly and these would act as good cut outs in a 2D panel design. Although without the framing it would be hard to intergrate into my design.
This patter was created by layering two different 2D custom panels and then deleting sections from a layer so that one panel is created. This allowed me to have variation in size of star cut out while still keeping the frame. It also meant I had more flexibility around where I wanted the large and small cut outs to be
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3D PANEL TEST PROTOTYPE & TEMPLATE
This panel was too long and
Similified panel were only two
complicated which resulted in inaccurate folds and a warped model so needed to be simplified
segments were joined which resulted in a more crisp and accurate panel
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2 Sewing machine was tested to see if it worked to create neater folds and sharp edges
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This test enabled me to see how the different sections would join and if they would be accurate, which they were
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5 Folded up the edges to test what it would look like and I liked the texture it added to the otherwise flat surface
3 Wanted to see if the 2D would blend effectively with the 3D and if the shapes complimented the overall pattern which I feel it does especially
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WEEK 7 READING: DIGITAL FABRICATION Complete your reading before attempting these questions:
Question 1: What is digital fabrication and how does it change the understanding of two dimensional representation? (Maximum 100 words) Digital Fabrication, similar to traditional drawing, is a form of representation. It is unique, however, as it allows for a more accurate link with reality. Therefore, there is now a stronger and more unified connection between “design and making.� This has resulted in a more efficient design process as many intermediate steps can be removed and collated. While the manner of representation of 2D drawings shifted from analogue to digital as it was more accurate, efficient and easier to edit this did not have an effect on the buildings designs produced.
Question 2: Suggest two reasons why folding is used extensively in the formal expression of building design? (Maximum 100 words) Folding is extensively used within building design as buildings are made from a collection of segments, and consequently to place these together the 2D must be manipulated in the form of a fold. Folding, or material operation turns a flat surface into a 3D structure. Folds also give a surface strength and support allowing surfaces to stand alone which flat ones cannot. The also create aesthetically pleasing results and are a more efficient use of materials, consequently costs are reduced.
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EXPLORING 3D PANELLING
Module 1: starting basic with 4 joining pyramids
Final design including 2D panels
Cut outs create shapes that link back to the other designs, it also ensures the pattern doesn’t become too overpowered by intricate detailing, as then the effect created by the pattern would be lost. Modules 2: The 4 pyramids a kep but made smaller with the additing of corner pieces
Module 3: all shapes extended to full border to create the body piece of the
Concave star created once sections join, making it unclear where each module startsbcreating a design
model
of shapes within shapes with no end.
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UNROLL TEMPLATE OF YOUR FINAL MODEL
Each unrolled panel was coloured to link with the section it made on the model, this made it easy to piece together the arrangment once all panels were made.
Due to the complexity of the design some panels were made seperately as they could not be unrolled in sections
Each panel was also arranged by colour and on the page based on their typology e.g. all small pyramids, large pyramids, corner pieces etc.
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PANELISED LANDSCAPE
Throughout the model there is the use of repeition, every shape is repeted in different panels and forms. Even the cut outs form links back to the solid structures. This is enhanced through the used of symmetry as there is no clear start of end and the pattern could be endlessly repeated.
This close up demonstrates how when each section was placed together creates a concaving star. This allowd me to explore the never ending nature of geometric shapes as new ones are always formed as pieces are added and also adds an element of depth to the model.
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APPENDIX Inspiration
Throughout my model, I was inspired by this concept of never ending shapes and how through the addition of other shapes new shapes evolve. This never-ending cube replicates this as the concept were the start and finish is ambiguous and the use of repetition and symmetry creates continuity
In a similar manner to this inspiration image I wanted to explore how shapes can be created though the absence of material. Moveover, how cut outs and gaps can create designs of their own and then looking at how these can tie back to the overall design
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I liked the way the appearance of a concaving shape can be created while still resulting in a flat base as created here through the order and arrangement of the shapes
Digital Design Development/Process
5 x 5 grid was used in final 3D paneling as it simplied the surface so that it could be developed more easily In order to make 3D panels offset points were created using curve attractors (as shown) to create variations in height. To make these variations extreme the range was 3 - 59.4mm
Original proposed design, excluding 2D panels using at 10 x 10 grid. This was later simplified as the detail was not feasible with paper as it has restricted movement and
Each section that was unrolled was colour coded so their placement could be easily found when
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arranging the model
Final design using 5 x 5 grid for 3D panels and a 10 x 10 grid for 2D panels. This created size hierarchy as well as simplifying 3D panels enough so they were developable while still creating the desired design effects.
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Construction process
A sewing machine was used along cut marks as this makes the paper easier to fold and results in more crisp, sharp edges
Next all edges were folded along these lines
A pen knife was used with a ruler to get accurate straight cuts when creating the start design on the 2D panels
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UHU craft clue used as it dries clear and is a strong effective adhesive for paper
The stars were carefully removed from the back side to avoid ripping
Bull dog clips were used to helped hold together the folds while glue was drying
Masking tape and bulldog clips were used to hold all pieces together and to act as anchors so that when the glue dried each piece was in the right position