Gotta pinch yourself to make sure it’s not a dream. These prices are wild. It’s about damn time the ranchers get paid for the decades of hard work. It would be cool if the government would stop handing out subsidy checks and just fix our broken market system so these producers could get their share of the $beef dollar on a consistent basis.
A lot of yearlings yesterday, which sure are fun to sell. I grew up on a ranch that idled those weaners through the winter on grass hay and then turned them out in early April. I always enjoy seeing those big ol scale mashers. That’s one of the reasons I want to help USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins understand that the 30 month rule needs to go away. Trump administration says it wants ranchers in the west to start using these allotments again. The USDA has to stop punishing producers for building better tasting and more nutritious beef if they want us to run more yearlings. The 30 month rule was a result of Mad Cow Disease in Canada 22 years ago and is only in place in the name of export to Asian markets. We don’t have enough cattle in America to feed our own citizens so let’s stop worrying so much about Asia. Especially since those export dollars don’t trickle down to the producers anyway. We are exporting our best beef products, importing junk and then lying to the American consumers and calling it product of the US.
One thing I have really noticed since the Mexican border has been closed due to the New World Screwworm, is the drastic increase of demand for crossbred cattle. I got a call yesterday morning and the buyer specifically said “I need Mexican cattle without the M brand”. Point is putting domestic cattle herds over imports directly affects the American producers bottom line overnight. We can especially see it in these bigger Feeder Sales. Loads of these crossbred cattle leaving Nevada this morning headed to Southern California. I love it!
Hopefully some exciting news coming from USDA and DOI very soon on several points that affect and benefit American cattle producers and farmers. We will keep all of you updated as things progress.
Our next feeder sale has been moved to October 24 in conjunction with USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins announcement on October 23rd at Nevada Livestock Marketing. This announcement is pending the government reopening soon. If it does NOT open soon the announcement event will be moved to a later date but the feeder sale will remain on Friday October 24th. November has 2 feeder sales, the 7th and the 21st.
Jack’s comments on the constant narrative in the press that beef is too expensive and that the beef shortages are drought driven. Have you heard of one ranch raised kid not coming home to the ranch because it was in a drought? No, they’re not coming home because ranching has not been profitable and the government constantly harasses their parents.
Apparently Fox News has been listening to the National Cattlemens Beef Association. We are not at record low cattle numbers because of drought. We are short of cattle because those who were raising the cattle went broke. Why did they go broke you ask? They went broke because the Rancher/Farmer/Cattle Marketing organizations that were supposed to be protecting Us got in bed with the Beef Packing and Retail industry’s. They allowed these foreign owned monopolies to control all sectors of beef supply and they would NOT encourage USDA to enforce the Anti-Trust laws in the Packers and Stockyards Act. You’ll remember the beef prices during Covid, the packers used it as a weapon to jack prices up on the consumers while basically stealing the producer’s cattle. The packers like JBS were profiting up to $2000 per head on livestock they owned a week. The producers were losing $1000 a head on cattle they had owned and fed for up to 2 years. And now these organizations like NCBA, FARM BUREAU, LMA won’t take responsibility for their actions or lack of action.
If they think we are going to allow them to use the excuse of drought to cover their butts they are dead wrong. While these cattle organizations were focused on free money from forcing their carbon neutrality on the industry the industry went broke. But beef is still the cheapest source of protein and essential nutrients in the world. If you don’t believe me do your own comparisons. Bag of chips compared to a pound of hamburger, or these $4.00 monster drinks.
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Ranch wives prep for fall by harvesting gardens, canning produce, and swapping summer gear for cold-weather essentials. They mend fences, stock feed for livestock, and ready barns for calving or shelter. Inside, they cozy up homes with warm quilts and hearty meals. Their days blend tradition and grit, ensuring both family and ranch are ready for the season ahead. Fall is in full swing here, with snow falling high in the mountains and cattle home.
This edition highlights some great topics and features some inspiring individuals. I hope your children enjoy the Halloween season.
I hope you enjoy this edition!
- Ashley
• Pg 6- Keeping beef in the shopping cart
• Pg 8- Treating Sarcoid Tumors
• Pg 12- Addysen Edwards Feature
• Pg 20- Partyline Cookbook Recipes
Never Silver, Always Gold
Toni Schutte defines the Proverbs 31 woman.
By Lyn Miller
On a simple, green checkered table cloth written with a black permanent marker, are the names of many Nevada buckaroos and the brands from Great Basin ranches they’ve ridden for. Without fanfare, the testament lends not only to the volume of ranches in Nevada, but the occasions when treasured friends graced the table of Larry and Toni Schutte. Toni came up with the idea of keeping stock of friends and colleagues in such a simple, yet profound way. “Everyone who signed it was sharing a meal with Mom and Dad,” explains John, Larry and Toni’s son. “Time spent in good company.”
Antionette (Toni) E. Rose was born in Woodland, California, on September 25, 1955, to Bud and Liz Rose. During Toni’s childhood, Bud and Liz bought a ranch in Jiggs, Nevada, where Toni grew up horseback. Along with her three siblings, Carla, Barbara, and Jack, she spent much of her time out in the sunshine learning about God through nature. For young Toni, horses were her legs.
By the time Toni was in high school, ranch life had provided her the perfect background for high school rodeo. “Patti was mom’s high school rodeo horse,” says Riata, Toni’s daughter. The gray mare was an important part of Toni’s life, as they competed in all rodeo events and she won Nevada State Rodeo Queen title in 1973, as well as 2nd place header in the ‘73 World Women’s Rodeo in Spring Creek, Nevada. Toni was active in Elko, Nevada’s chapter of FFA, and was a Nevada State FFA Sweetheart.
After graduating from Elko High School in ‘73, Toni left Nevada for Twin Falls, Idaho and cosmetology school. She took Patti with her, and the mare helped Toni win the next big title in life; wife. “I met Toni one night at the Alley Bar. Toni’s friend, Kay, worked there. They always played good dancing music. I met Toni and danced with her,” recalls Larry Schutte, Toni’s husband of 50 years. “Toni didn’t have a good place to keep Patti, so I offered to keep her. After that, we got to team roping together.”
Six months later, Larry and Toni were married.
Toni was 19, Larry 20. They spent a year helping on the Schutte family farms in the Twin Falls area, but for the young couple, Nevada was a constant call. “We escaped Idaho,” says Larry. “Nevada offered knowledge, and Toni was right there with me to get it.” There were good horsemen in Nevada that could teach Larry the skillset he wanted.
Their first stop in adventure was Contact, Nevada, and the Boies Ranch. There, the first of their two children, Riata, was born. Agatha Dody was in the cookhouse at the Boies, and she helped Toni learn to cook. “It’s a big deal to cook and keep everything clean around cowboys,” says Larry.
“Toni did that. She was considered one of the top three cooks in the Great Basin.”
Another God-given talent Toni possessed was her art. In high school, Toni began to paint western art. She started with oil, but eventually went on to water colors, which aren’t easy. “Mom always had her easel set up at every ranch,” states Riata. When the kids were little, she took her art to shows. Her work is visible in Elko, where several large boots commemorating Elko’s centennial are on display, including one at Nevada’s renowned Capriola’s. Toni’s art always reflected her deep faith in God.
After leaving the Boies Ranch, they settled for a time at the Wright Ranch in Tuscarora. There, a son was born to the young Schutte couple. Now with two children, Riata, and John, Toni was once again cooking for the crew, painting for art shows, opened a cosmetology shop in their ranch house and was helping on the crew. The stress was weighing on Toni and God sent Jeanna Wright to plant the seed of a deeper faith in the young mother. “From then on, it was growing and learning in faith. Best part is John and I got to grow and learn alongside Mom and Dad,” recalls Riata.
As the family moved in pursuit of knowledge, they spent time at the likes of the Red House Ranch, Van Norman’s, the TS, the Trembath Ranch, Marvel’s in Battle Mountain, and finally leasing the Big Springs Ranch near Wells, Nevada. “Big Springs was Toni’s favorite,” states Larry of the ranch where Riata and John grew up. “Toni was in it for the journey. She was always ready to go.”
After 12 years and the kids grown, Big Springs went to mineral rights. Always ready to start a new adventure, Larry and
Toni took a temporary job in Tonopah, Nevada, on the 5 Mile Ranch. Larry found his heaven. Though it wasn’t supposed to be a permanent position, it became one. Along with cooking and cowboying, Toni kept up with her art, including horse hair hitching which she started when the family was young at the Quarter Circle S. “Toni was the first to try figuring out how to graph 3 dimensional hitching patterns,” states Larry proudly. She collaborated with Doug Kraus and Bill Black to design hitching patterns, and her abilities won her the 2002 Will Rogers national award for best horse-hair hitcher.
After 9 years at the 5 Mile, Toni longed to move closer to her kids and grandkids. It was tough for Larry to leave Nevada, but the couple moved to Bruneau, Idaho. “She cherished her family,” says son John. “No matter what, family was priority.” They spent four wonderful years among their five grandchildren.
Throughout travels in the Great Basin, Toni never let her cosmetology license lapse, and in Bruneau, she set up shop. “It was amazing all the people she impacted outside Nevada. All the lives she touched in Bruneau in just four years,” John says. Toni used cosmetology to reach out to those who needed a friend.
“God was first above all else,” states Riata. “It is evident in comments people have left on facebook. They are about her faith, love and generosity.” God did not summon Toni to long-suffering, but instead called her home gently, lovingly.
Toni never faced the falling leaves of autumn, for she was a bright, vibrant green each day of her life. She never slowed or faltered with time. Not one to ever discount the value of God’s challenges, she rose to the occasion. Toni
From left to right: Grandchildren Jemma, and Jick and Jag, daughter-in-law Marty and son John Schutte. Center is Toni and husband Larry, daughter Riata and grandson Garrett, son-in-law Jake Brown and granddaughter Taylor. “No matter what, family was priority,” says Toni’s son, John.
Toni always kept a good horse to brand on.
By Christie Van Egmond, Director of Retail & Foodservice Marketing
As the sun sets on summer, and the Nevada Beef Council looks towards the fall and winter months, we continue to see strong consumer-demand for beef. However, we realize that demand may soften as tighter supplies and elevated retail prices persist. Amid rising retail prices, how do we keep consumers shopping for beef at the meat case in-store and through retail e-commerce aisles online? The Nevada Beef Council works to communicate to consumers four key demand drivers to keep beef in the cart.
Health. Consumers all view health differently. Whether working on strength-training, or managing weight, or focusing on eating balanced meals, protein—and specifically beef—can fit into every lifestyle. Protein is having a powerful halo right now, and beef is at the center of it. One 3-ounce cooked serving of beef can provide up to 50% of your Daily Value1 (25 grams) of this important nutrient—highlighting how beef can be a key source for protein needs! It’s not just the protein, but the iron, zinc, and B vitamins, that provide bodies and minds fuel for all life stages. Beef is crave-worthy nutrition that helps consumers stay fueled and energized, and feel full longer throughout their days.
Value. When you consider the protein and other nutrients delivered from a 3-ounce cooked serving of beef, along with its role in promoting satiety, consumers are getting more value from their beef meals. With the cost of living on many people’s minds, beef provides a nutrient-rich, satisfying option that delivers strong value in a single serving. According to Cattle Fax, global leader in beef industry research and analysis, while ground beef prices have risen, wages have also increased. On average it takes about 12-minutes of work to pay for one-pound of ground beef. When you consider its nutrients, price, and satiety beef remains a hard to match protein option.
Convenience. Beef is not just that center-of-the-plate steak all-star. Beef can conveniently be a part of sandwiches, salads, skewers, chilis, pitas, tacos, and the list of meal ideas goes on and on. It can be shared over a family meal at home around the dinner table, packed in a school lunch or meal at the field, or handed to a child for breakfast as they’re rushing out the door for school. Beef can be incorporated into all day-part meals and snacks, as well as leftovers (if there are any!) used for meals the next day. There are so many ways to prepare and enjoy beef, the convenience is undeniable.
Taste. The taste of beef cannot be replicated. Beef has long been considered the “special occasion” meal to many because of its premier taste. However, with the rise of food and culinary influencers providing meal inspiration, and showcasing beef in so many creative culinary dishes, more consumers are finding the fun and flavors in experimenting with America’s favorite protein. Younger consumers are especially interested in time-saving, indulgent, and global recipes that elevate their beef eating experiences.
Earlier this year, retail market research and technology company, Circana, reported that consumers spent $388.27 on beef in the last year. When beef is in the retail cart the value of the basket is $108.48, compared to only $47.00 when not in the basket. Retail grocery operators are also working to keep beef in their shoppers’ carts as they understand the value that beef brings to their business and bottom line.
Health, value, convenience, and taste continue to drive consumers’ love for beef. The Nevada Beef Council will remain focused on these four key demand drivers to keep beef in the shopping cart in the Silver State.
1Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory. FoodData Central, 2019. Available at fdc.nal.usda.gov (Beef composite, cooked – NDB# 13364).
BY MARTIN PARIS, NCA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Nevada Cattlemen’s Association's Fall Update
Celebrate with us the 90th Annual Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Convention and Tradeshow. Our convention will be in Elko this year on November 13 –15.
Please be sure to check out our website at www.nevadacattlemen.org for more information as things begin to take shape. We’re looking forward to another productive convention this year with some great speakers and good topics.
Silver State Classic Feeder Sale will start at noon on Tuesday, December 2nd, at Fallon Livestock LLC in Fallon, NV.
With summer winding down, it’s time to shift gears and get ready for fall cattle work and some cooler weather. Hopefully fire season is for the most part in the rear-view mirror. At the time of writing this article, Nevada has burned around 250,000 acres across all types of land ownerships this year. Looking at statistics over the years, it’s pretty staggering the acreages of wildlife habitat, grazing land, and peoples favorite recreation areas have gone up in flames. As we know, the loss of our resource is devastating both economically and emotionally.
With that said, there are several efforts underway that get us a little closer to bringing back the lost art of active management. Recently the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced the recission of the agency’s “Roadless Rule”. The rule, which has been in place since 2001, prevents construction of roads and other development across millions of acres of public land. Obviously, the results of the Roadless Rule have reared their ugly head in the form of barriers to effective fire and fuels management, limited timber harvests, and dysfunctional grazing management. NCA intends to engage in the process to ensure that proposal continues to be advantageous for grazing and the agency can aggressively manage our landscapes to mitigate fire risk.
On a similar front, we recently had big news in the form of the Department of Interior’s proposal to rescind the Bureau of Land Management’s “Public Lands Rule”. The proposal is currently within a 60-day comment period with the hope
Beef Demand- One Man's Opinion
By Hanes Holman, NCA President
One of the concerns that I have been seeing pop up a lot recently in the beef industry is beef demand. As ranchers, we typically are conservative and have a tendency to border towards the “Chicken Little, Sky is Falling” mentality as opposed to the infamous “there’s never going to be another poor day” mentality. Which is fair because anyone that has been in this industry for very long has seen the “sky fall” a few times and the ones that survived it were the ones that were prepared for it. We know there are going to be peaks and valleys in the marketplace, but I for one am going to enjoy this view from the mountaintop as long as I can!
Now, for a few more of my thoughts on demand. I must remind readers that these are just my thoughts and have no factual representation! No one seemed concerned with demand a few years ago when the packing sector was making over $600 dollars per head, having profits in the billions, yes, billions. In a free-market capitalist system everything has a price point and a
that full rescission will come shortly thereafter. For those needing a quick refresher, the Public Land Rule essentially placed conservation on par and in competition with other multiple uses on public lands. In my mind, conservation is a byproduct of good livestock management practices and other multiple uses and is something entirely different than the Rule’s perceived definition of conservation as “no use”. NCA was actively engaged with policy makers through the last year and a half and are pleased to hear that efforts are underway to ensure active management rules the day.
There are also several pieces of legislation in queue at Congress, including the NCA endorsed Strategic Grazing to Reduce Wildlife Risk led by Senator Cortez-Masto that aims to get us away from the misguided approach of protectionism, which has proven time and time again to be the wrong answer. All in all, we’re starting to see some movement in a positive direction and will continue to beat the drum that ranchers play an integral part in this much needed active management strategy.
Shifting gears a bit, the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association 90th Annual Convention and Trade Show is quickly approaching. This year we’ll be at the Elko Conference Center on November 13th-15th, I encourage those of you who want to participate to please attend the convention and committee meetings. The convention is your opportunity to voice your opinion and help set policy that will guide the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association forward. Registration packets have been mailed out and registration is also available online nevadacattlemen.org/events-meetings.
leverage margin. Given the contracted beef cow herd, it’s just our turn as producers to have leverage on our side for a while.
Price of beef at the grocery store or restaurant has risen. There’s no doubt beef is more expensive, but so is everything else. The fact of it is that beef has risen slower than most other grocery items. I feel that more folks are learning to cook beef at home and dining out a little less but maybe that is a good thing. Cooking a steak at home is truly one of the simplest things to cook you can make.
Now on to my favorite, eating experience. There is nothing better to eat.Flavor, health benefits, feeling good about what ranchers do for the environment. I think it is worth saying again - there is nothing better! As I write this article, I’m at the Pendleton Roundup waiting to rope our second steer. Hamley’s steakhouse is totally booked full for the whole week! Yeah, that pretty well says it all.
I think beef demand is going to hold for a while longer!
Cheers,
Hanes Holman
Finally, if you have heifers and/or steers for sale this winter and are looking to take advantage of the current market highs, please consider consigning them to the upcoming Silver State Classic Feeder Sale. The special sale will start at noon on Tuesday, December 2nd, at Fallon Livestock LLC in Fallon, NV. A big thank you to Fallon Livestock LLC for their support year after year. Till next time.
By Heather Smith Thomas
Sarcoids are a type of cancerous tumor that sometimes occur in horses. These growths are caused by bovine papillomavirus that cause warts in cattle, and horse owners often wonder why their horse would get a sarcoid if it has never been around cattle.
Equine papillomavirus only affects horses (and causes warts), but bovine papillomavirus can cross species and spread to horses via biting flies. Horses can also spread it to each other; a horse that has the bovine papillomavirus can spread it to another horse. The virus enters the skin through wounds or trauma that breaks the skin, or via fly bites, and may lie dormant in that horse’s skin for many years until something sets it off and it starts to multiply and create a tumor.
There are several types of sarcoid tumors in horses. Some are slow-growing and some are more aggressive, but most of them do not regress on their own. Andrew D. Smith, DVM, PhD, DACVS-LA (former Professor in the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine) who surgically removed many sarcoids in his long career as a surgeon, said there are six types of sarcoid: occult, verrucous, nodular, fibroblastic, mixed forms and malignant. Sometimes these various types are very distinctive but often they are mixed; the hairless ones might have a wart-like region, for instance. “We rarely see classic forms by themselves,” said Smith.
The occult form is basically flat, hairless and often small and circular. They are sometimes more extensive, but usually appear around the mouth or eyes, or on the neck, or inner portions of the limbs, or hairless regions of the body. “Sometimes they are hardly noticed; you may just see a little pigment change in the skin,” he said.
“I was taught to leave occult sarcoids alone, as some of these will regress on their own. The body recognizes them and fights them off, and those horses develop immunity. If they are extensive or in an area that’s not susceptible to trauma, I usually leave those alone and have the owner just watch them to see if they get bigger. In an area likely to suffer trauma, like the girth region, we try to remove them. Many start out small and quiescent but may be subject to some sort of trauma. If they are on the face or girth or along the horse’s side, the tack rubs them.”
Any rubbing or trauma may irritate them and cause them to grow. “Trauma is usually what results in progression from less aggressive forms,” he said.
Verrucous sarcoid growths are wart-like, grey and scaly but extend deeper into the tissues than the occult sarcoid. “Sometimes they have a circular hairless patch around them that might look like ringworm, but because they are warty there may be multiple different types of lesions together. Both the occult and the verrucous sarcoid are usually slow-growing and not very aggressive, but are susceptible to trauma which may stimulate them to grow. These are the ones that are usually mistaken for warts,” said Smith.
Nodular sarcoid can be type A or type B. “Type A has no skin involvement while type B usually does. They are both nodular in shape and just look like firm lumps underneath the skin, usually with hair still covering them. You don’t see anything that would make you think it’s a sarcoid. They generally form in specific locations such as around the eye or the inner portion of the legs,” he said.
Fibroblastic sarcoids are nodular but hairless. “They look like masses with ulcerated margins. They can either be pedunculated masses (on a stem) or have a broad base. They may be ulcerated or look like granulomatous lesions. As such, they might be mistaken for any number of things, such as exuberant granulation tissue (proud flesh), squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous habronemiasis (summer sores), pythiosis (an aggressive fungal growh), etc. They can be very large and broad-based,” said Smith. Mixed forms are a mix of verrucous, nodular and fibroblastic. “Some portions may have a specific appear-
ance, whereas others go into the other types,” he said.
Malignant sarcoid is fairly rare. “Usually these are just a large, mixed form that is locally aggressive and continues to grow. I’ve seen some that have taken over an area and are rapidly growing, such as all the way down a leg, or whole portions of the face or along the abdomen. There is no real treatment for those. Trying to keep these horses alive could be grounds for animal cruelty, since these growths are very pruritic (itchy) and the horse is miserable. The other types tend to be painless,” he said.
TREATMENTS FOR SARCOID – It’s usually best to leave most of them alone, because if they are biopsied or removed, they often grow back in larger, more aggressive form. “At our hospital we usually got to see the ones that people unsuccessfully tried to treat, that didn’t responded to medical therapy such as Xxterra. 5-Fluorouracil, Imiquimod, BCG, etc. I am not saying that these treatments haven’t been effectively for treating some sarcoids; I only saw the ones that recurred after these treatments failed,” he said.
“I tell people you shouldn’t just poke the bear. You either need to shoot the bear, or leave it alone. Don’t poke it to see what happens! If the bear is asleep, leave it alone,” said Smith. Surgery is probably one of the more common treatments for sarcoids that have to be removed for some reason, but the goal is to remove all of it.
“The veterinarian generally makes a decision regarding treatment based on the size and form of the growth. The fibroblastic sarcoids are more likely to be treated surgically. Location makes a difference also, since we can’t remove the tissue around the eyes or on the eyelids,” he said.
For sarcoid lesions around the eyes, a common treatment is an injection of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin), which is an immune stimulant. “This produces inflammation and makes the area very angry, and hopefully stimulates an immune response so the body will fight the tumor,” said Smith.
If this works, the sarcoid becomes ulcerated and then falls off. Because of the swelling and inflammation, the horse may be put on some drugs to help control that secondary inflammation. “One risk when using the BCG is the possibility of side effects which could include anaphylactic reactions,” he said.
The virus enters the skin via some sort of trauma; something opened the skin to let it in. “The virus may lie dormant for many years in the skin. Studies have shown that biopsies from many normal horses are positive for the virus,” said Smith.
A sarcoid has little fingers that go in all directions. “This is similar to the root system of a tree in that some of it is beneath the surface. The tumor and/or virus infiltrates a wide area beneath the surface of the skin. If you chop a tree off at the base, you haven’t removed the roots underneath. The reason there are many treatment failures is that most people simply chop off what they can see. They don’t treat the root system underneath, and the tree (or sarcoid) may regrow,” he said.
“Unlike melanomas which usually are very well circumscribed (you can tell the limits of these growths and
can remove them), with sarcoids we rarely get all the margins. If you don’t treat the base, they will recur. One reason they recur is that the papillomavirus is there, surrounding the sarcoid. You merely removed it and created inflammation and the inflammation stimulates more growth. In horses that have the virus in their skin, we think that all they need is a traumatizing event to get it going,” he said.
The virus may have entered the horse’s skin years earlier—even 10 to 15 years before—and then the horse starts getting sarcoids. “This is what we think happens with most of the cases that occur on the legs. The legs are often getting bumped, scraped or nicked, which might stimulate the virus to create a growth. So when someone surgically removes it, they cut down the tree but forgot to remove the root system, and it regrows,” Smith said.
“That’s why when people ask if I want to biopsy a growth to see if it’s a sarcoid I tell them absolutely not. Either I am going to remove all of it and aggressively treat the base to remove the roots as well, or I am going to just watch it to see if it grows. If it starts to enlarge, that’s when you want to remove all of it. If you traumatize it, this just turns it into a more aggressive form,” he said
“Another reason some sarcoids recur after treatment is that most veterinarians don’t have use of a laser or other tools that can excise tumors without spreading them. When you cut the tissue with a blade (unless you can get huge margins around it), you spread the virus into the surrounding tissue. Even if you cut out the tumor with what you think are adequate margins, you are likely cutting through sarcoid tissue somewhere along the way. You are simply inoculating the whole area again, so the sarcoid is more likely to recur,” he said.
“Sarcoids are very likely to recur, regardless of the treatment selected. Probably the most effective treatment is surgical excision followed by some sort of chemotherapy, whether cisplatin, carboplatin injections or radiation. Most people inject a chemotherapy drug of choice with sesame oil, which increases the length of time the cisplatin or carboplatin stays in the surrounding tissue. Or you can make beads of chemo that you can implant, especially in areas that you can’t excise. These beads keep releasing the drug into the tissue, extending the length of effective treatment,” said Smith.
By EstroTect
Unlock the added value of producing more calves
Getting cows bred and keeping them pregnant is key to capitalizing on the record cattle market.
Successfully breeding cows and maintaining pregnancy is always financially beneficial. In today’s cattle market, the value proposition and profit potential of getting a calf to market are even more significant with record-high prices.
“If you’re in the cow-calf segment of the industry, the main driver of profitability is going to be your ability to produce calves,” says Pedro Fontes, Ph.D., associate professor in beef cattle reproductive physiology at the University of Georgia. “That’s highly dependent on whether we can generate and maintain those pregnancies.”
For a cowherd with 100 head, increasing pregnancy rates by 5% and having those additional calves make it all the way to market would result in approximately $12,000 more in gross revenue.1
Keep the following strategies in mind when looking to improve your reproductive program to achieve more pregnancies and calves and optimize your income.
Know your pregnancy rate
When evaluating your reproductive program, start with your pregnancy rate. Fontes recommends striving for a 90% pregnancy rate at the end of a controlled
11
Harness the Full Potential of Your BRD Vaccine with the Right Adjuvant
A trusted adjuvant can make all the difference in capturing a strong immune response in young calves.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the greatest threats to young calves, and gaining protection through vaccines isn’t always straightforward. Maternal antibodies, passed through colostrum, can block some vaccines from boosting immunity. The key to overcoming that hurdle? Choosing a vaccine with the right adjuvant.
Maternal antibodies can interfere with vaccines
“Years ago, vaccine response was so variable in young calves,” said Curt Vlietstra, DVM, Boehringer Ingelheim. “At the time, we didn’t know if their immune system simply wasn’t ready, or if there was a problem with the vaccines. With the research we have now, we understand that the majority of interference comes from maternal antibodies that are still present in the calf at the time of vaccination.”
Passed down from the cow via colostrum, maternal antibodies are not only a calf’s first line of defense against disease, but they also have the tendency to neutralize vaccines.
Those maternal antibodies naturally wane when the calf is between 2 and 6 months of age. As this maternal immunity dwindles, vaccination becomes critical in boosting and building calf immunity. The largest challenge in bridging these two forms of immunity is timing. Chris Chase, DVM, Professor, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, says finding a vaccine with the right adjuvant can eliminate this guessing game.
Adjuvants are critical to capturing immunity in young calves
Adjuvants — although often overlooked — can determine
whether a calf successfully develops a robust, lasting immune response, or remains vulnerable to BRD pressure. They work by drawing immune cells to the injection site, and helping the calf’s body recognize and remember the vaccine. Some adjuvants also slow the release of the vaccine, giving the immune system more time to respond.
“With the types of adjuvants we have now, we can get strong, long-lasting immune responses, even in calves with maternal antibodies,” shared Dr. Chase. “Although, just because a vaccine label says ‘adjuvanted’ doesn’t mean it offers the protection we need. It’s important that we ask what kind of adjuvant it is and what it’s proven to do.”
Over the last few decades, peer-reviewed studies and fieldwork have shown that PYRAMID® vaccines can succeed, even in the face of maternal immunity, thanks to its unique adjuvant, METASTIM®. Specifically designed to address the challenges of early calfhood vaccination, the dual-phase technology of the METASTIM adjuvant can stimulate a balanced, robust immune response in calves as young as 30 days of age.1
“Historically, it was accepted as fact that maternal antibodies would block the injectable vaccine,” said Dr. Vlietstra. “Now we know METASTIM® works alongside the preexisting antibodies, not against them.”
Systemic immunity builds long-lasting protection
Another key factor in vaccine selection is delivery method. For a time, intranasal vaccines were thought to be the only effective option to protect young calves against BRD. While intranasal vaccines can offer local immunity for calves at risk of BRD exposure soon after birth, some may miss the opportunity to stimulate robust, systemic immunity.
While local immunity helps block infection right where it starts (which is usually in the respiratory tract with BRD), systemic immunity is what builds broad, long-lasting protection, by training the calf’s entire immune system to respond.
When calves encounter BRD pathogens weeks or even months after vaccination, a strong systemic immune response helps them recognize and fight off infection more effectively, reducing severity of disease and its long-term impact on health and performance.
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Lifetime Pipe for Agriculture & Mining
Continued from page 9.
breeding season of approximately 65 days.
“Some of this will depend on your production system, what area of the country you are located and the type of cattle you run,” says Fontes. “You might be in a lower input environment, and it could be financially viable to achieve pregnancy rates in the high eighties (percentage) and still be able to profit from your cow herd.”
Management is key to establishing and maintaining pregnancy. Start by meeting the nutritional requirements of your herd via maintaining an average body condition score of 5 or greater. Then, have a quality health program established with your veterinarian that works around your reproductive calendar.
Another important metric is having cows that breed early and thus calve earlier.
“One thing I always try to get folks to think about is getting more pregnancies in those first 21 days of the breeding season,” says Fontes. “The main reason is we know when
cows conceive early, they calve early, and they’re going to be more likely to breed back next year. Not only that, but those calves are weaned heavier because they are older at the time of weaning.”
Fontes believes a good benchmark is to have at least 60% of the cow herd calving within the first 21 days of the calving season.
Breed at peak estrus
Tightening up the breeding season and having more calves born early can be facilitated with estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI). Important to the success of AI breeding is identifying when cows and heifers are in estrus.
“If you synchronize a group of females and expose them to a round of AI, those females expressing estrus will get between 20-30% greater pregnancy rates than the ones that fail to express estrus,” says Fontes.
Estrus expression not only influences the ability of those cows and heifers to conceive, but it also impacts whether they can maintain their pregnancy until calving.
“If you know the estrus status, you can manage those cows appropriately or breed those cows differently,” says
Fontes. “One of the things we see producers doing is breeding cows based on estrus expression, even though they might be breeding in a fixed time AI approach.”
How this looks in practice is that a producer can apply a visual estrus detection aid, like an ESTROTECT Breeding Indicator patch, to monitor estrus intensity. As the patch surface ink rubs off, it indicates the cow is starting to exhibit estrus. If 50% or more of the surface ink has rubbed off, that’s a sign the cow is going into high estrus intensity.
Create more value per pregnancy
There is an opportunity with estrus detection to determine which females are the best candidates to breed with higher value genetics or sexed semen to create more value from each pregnancy.
“For those females showing high estrus intensity, more expensive semen or sexed semen can be utilized with higher success,” says Fontes. “Then, the females in lower estrus intensity or showing no estrus can be bred with lower-priced semen. This is another strategy that can help us control the cost of pregnancy.”
Semen from sires that are higher
value typically have more performance such as higher weaning weight, yearling weight and marbling which generates additional revenue down the road.
The use of sexed semen is a way to increase the profit potential of pregnancy, too. Steers are worth more than heifers, so breeding for more males is a way to capture additional revenue during strong cattle markets. Also, if you are looking to rebuild your cow herd or develop replacement heifers to sell, sexed semen can be utilized to breed for additional females.
“There are a lot of things that can go south when it comes to reproductive management, but if you do the basics right, you’ll be able to make a big impact on pregnancy rates,” says Fontes. “Beef cows are pretty resilient animals, and if you give them the conditions to perform, they usually do.”
For more information on maximizing your reproductive program, visit ESTROTECT.com.
The ESTROTECT Breeding Indicator is the industry standard for optimizing cattle breeding efficiency and economics. With millions and millions of units sold around the world, ESTROTECT is the only breeding management tool tested in a multitude of university studies by researchers.
We are experts in State of Nevada Water Rights. We provide a wide range of water right and resource development services that can be customized to meet your needs.
Our team works directly with you to develop the best solution for your farm, ranch, business or home.
to the
Edwards sets 4H record with sale of $24k steer
American Ambition:
Addysen Edwards is truly an inspiring youth. At the 2025 TriCounty Fair livestock show and sale, Addysen sets records and championships.
At just 13 years old, Addysen stands quietly confident — the kind of confidence that comes from five years of grit, growth, and early mornings on the ranch. Now in her fifth year of 4-H, she’s no stranger to the ups and downs of raising livestock, and 2025 brought her most rewarding steer project yet.
“This year’s steer was definitely a handful at first,” Addysen admits, her voice carrying the calm patience of someone who’s been there before. “He wasn’t used to me at all. He really liked his grain, so that helped — but getting him to trust me was hard. And teaching him to accept the show stick? That was the toughest part. He’d try to kick it out of my hand every time!”
But persistence paid off. Addysen didn’t back down, and over time, the bond between her and her steer deepened. It was a bond forged through long days, quiet moments, and mutual understanding — something that can’t be rushed, only earned.
When the time came to sell her steer at the fair, Addysen didn’t know quite what to expect. But as the crowd roared and the bidding soared, a sense of disbelief set in.
“I was just shocked,” she says with a smile. “Shocked and proud — of myself and of him. The crowd was cheering so loud, I knew something good was happening. I couldn’t believe it.”
The steer was purchased by Brandon and Katie Nuffer, on behalf of Dave Elizando at Northern Nevada Concrete — a gesture that made the experience even more special. Selling for $18.50 per lb. Although her steer weighed 1,465lbs the sale board has a reserve set to only pay on 1,350lbs.
Almost a year before, when the calves came off the mountain, Addysen selected her steer. Her family is a generational ranch in Orovada, NV. Incorporating top of the industry care. Her parents Dusty and Stacey Edwards, and grandparents Ron and Denise Cerri have instilled the value of hardwork into their children.
“Our calves are born here in the spring, and they spend the summer grazing in the mountains,” Addysen explains. “When they come down in the
fall, we move all the steers to our Pine Valley ranch. That’s when I start looking — I sort off the nicest one with big bone and a gentle personality. I’m mostly looking for attitude at that point.”
Veterinary dreams have long been Addysen’s goal, and her 4-H journey is more than a hobby — it’s a stepping stone. “I started doing 4-H to save for college,” she says. “Vet school is expensive, and I knew I needed to start early.”
As for advice to younger 4-Hers or anyone starting their journey?
“Do it with passion and intensity,” she says firmly. “It’s not just about showing animals — it’s about learning to market yourself, building communication skills, and gaining real-life experience. But always remember, your animal comes first. They depend on you.”
And for those just stepping into the show ring for the first time?
“Don’t worry about being the best,” Addysen says. “Show with heart. Be helpful. Be respectful — to others, yourself, and especially your animal. If you do that, the rest will take care of itself.”
In Addysen’s world, character counts just as much as ribbons. And for this young
Addysen also recieved the title of Grand Champion in intermediate Beef showmanship sending her into the Round Robin competition where showman show every breed of livestock. She then received Grand Champion of that as well!
Cattle prices set new record high
The August price for slaughter steers in the 5-area marketing region set a new monthly average record at $243.14 per hundredweight (cwt), which was $6 higher than July and almost $54 above August last year. In early September, weekly cattle and wholesale prices softened from the daily highs set in late August but remain historically elevated. As a result, the third-quarter price forecast for slaughter steers is raised by $2 to $240.00 per cwt and the fourth quarter is raised $4 to $244.00 per cwt. With that price strength being carried into 2026, the forecast for the annual price is raised $5 to $248.50 per cwt.
In August, the weighted-average price for feeder steers weighing 750–800 pounds at the Oklahoma City National Stockyards was $355.55 per cwt, also a new monthly record. This price was an increase of $20.46 from July and more than $121 above last year. In the sale on September 8, feeder steers set a new weekly record of $367.89 per cwt. Accounting for recent price strength, the third-quarter price forecast for feeder steers is raised $10 to $353.00 per cwt and the fourth quarter is raised $18 to $363.00 per cwt. This price strength is expected to carry into next year with the 2026 forecast raised $12 to $362.25 per cwt.
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“In some ways, we’ve become very reliant on intranasals,” noted Dr. Vlietstra. “I’ve seen protocols that say, ‘This calf may not respond to an injectable, so let’s give another intranasal.’ That choice ends up potentially delaying systemic protection.”
Injectable vaccines with the right adjuvant have been proven to stimulate both local immunity in the respiratory tract, and systemic immunity that circulates in the bloodstream.
Even the best vaccine needs correct timing and care
“There are plenty of producers and veterinarians who have firsthand experience of vaccines not working,” said Dr. Vlietstra. “If we’re not seeing results, it’s time to evaluate how we’re using the product and when.”
It’s common to schedule vaccination alongside other times calves are being
worked, like weaning or transportation. While this may save labor and time up front, vaccinating calves during other stressful events can limit immune response. “If cattle have had a long truck ride, ideally, we’d let them unload and rest for 24 to 48 hours before we vaccinate,” explained Dr. Chase. “I know not all operations have the resources to do this due to labor constraints, but water and rest time after a stressful event will set cattle up for a better immune response.”
To get the most of any vaccination program, good animal handling, husbandry and biosecurity protocols play a role in preventing and controlling BRD. By staying on top of health management and using products according to label, vaccines are more likely to capture desired results. “The world’s best vaccine is not going to overcome overwhelming challenges,” concluded Dr. Chase.
The needs of every herd are different.
Sources Russell Knight and Hannah Brooks, USDA; ERS
What is New World Screwworm (NWS)
NWS (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is a parasitic fly whose larvae infest living flesh—laying eggs in wounds of warm blooded animals. If untreated, infestations cause severe damage and can kill livestock. The U.S. eradicated it decades ago, but the parasite remains present in parts of Central and South America.
Current Status & Spread
•There has been a recent outbreak in northern Mexico.
•New confirmed cases are getting closer to the U.S. border. A case was reported in Nuevo León, Mexico, just about 70 miles south of the U.S. in Kansas’ vicinity.
•Because of these risks, the U.S. has imposed restrictions, including closing or tightening ports of entry for cattle imports from affected Mexican states.
Impacts on the Cattle Industry
•Trade / Imports: The border restrictions have significantly reduced the flow of Mexican feeder cattle into U.S. feedlots. Since many U.S. feedyards rely on those imports, this is tightening supply.
•Feed Demand and Economics: Reduced cattle movement affects the demand for feed ingredients (like Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles, DDGS). A drop in Mexican cattle being finished in the U.S. can disrupt feed demand
and may lead to increased feed cost volatility.
•Pricing Pressure: Less supply tends to push cattle and beef prices up. Also, producers in border states are especially exposed.
•Animal Health & Prevention Costs: Ranchers are ramping up efforts to monitor wounds, apply dewormers, use quarantine and inspection, and other prevention measures. There’s also renewed interest in using ivermectin in feed or injections as a control measure.
Response & Mitigation Efforts
•The U.S. Department of Agriculture is investing heavily in surveillance, screening, biosecurity at the border, and in sterile-fly production. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is one of the few proven eradication methods.
•Mexico is building plants (or planning them) for sterile fly production, enhancing inspection/checkpoint regimes, and instituting pre-export pens with quarantine and treatment protocols.
•Industry groups (e.g. R CALF USA) are pushing for regulatory approval of feed grade ivermectin to be used proactively.
Key Risks & Unknowns
•How fast the fly and infestation zones will move northward, especially under climatic, ecological, trade, and wildlife movement influences.
•Whether inspection, quarantine, and
treatment measures will be enough, especially in places with porous borders and where livestock movements are informal or illegal.
•Economic burden on smaller ranchers who may lack resources to quickly implement prevention and detection systems.
•Potential for underreporting or delays in detection, which can allow outbreaks to establish themselves before response.
Outlook
If containment remains robust, it may be possible to slow or prevent reintroduction into the U.S. But the closer cases get to the border, the greater the risk. The balance between trade, animal health, and biosecurity costs will be critical. For producers, especially in border states, vigilance in wound management, early detection, and biosecurity will be more important than in many years.
In schools across our state today, things might be looking a little more “green.” That’s because, with the new school year underway, so are 4-H youth development clubs and activities, and today is “Go GREEN Day,” where 4-H youth, volunteers and staff are encouraged to wear green as a kick-off to the new 4-H year and to National 4-H Week, Oct. 5 – 11. Here in Nevada, the program’s leader says 4-H activities have evolved significantly from the organization’s rural roots over 100 years ago, with one Nevada youth recently even earning his private pilot certificate through a local 4-H program.
“Today’s 4-H clubs and activities go beyond raising animals and other traditional activities that many may think of, although those clubs are still a valuable part of our offerings,” said Lindsay Chichester, Nevada 4-H Program leader with University of Nevada, Reno Extension. “Our kids are also doing hands-on activities to learn about things like robotics, self-defense, sign language, creative writing and even hot air ballooning. 4-H has become the largest youth development organization in the country because we’ve
adapted to include a variety of activities to reach youth in both urban and rural communities. But, what’s consistent across all our activities is that they aim to equip young people with the skills, confidence and resilience needed for career-readiness and to provide leadership and service in their communities and beyond as adults.”
Kicking off the 4-H year: time for youth to get involved
During National 4-H Week, and throughout the month, Chichester and her statewide 4-H team are encouraging youth and parents who may be interested in learning more about 4-H to get involved by attending a local 4-H activity or by reaching out to their local county 4-H office for more information.
Here in northern Nevada, one event youth and their families can attend is the 4-H Kickoff Event, Oct. 23 at 5:30 p.m., in Reno at the Extension Office, 4955 Energy Way. Leaders and members of various clubs will be on hand offering activities, providing information on their clubs, and helping interested youth get signed up for the new 4-H year. Clubs focusing on livestock will begin at 5:30 p.m., while all other clubs will begin at 6 p.m.
In many Nevada communities, youth activities can be scarce or costly, Chichester said, and 4-H engages with the partners and volunteers in the community to address that.
“4-H strives to provide free or very affordable, unique and meaningful educational experiences to engage Nevada youth across the state, from those tucked away in our most rural areas to those in heavily populated urban centers,” she said.
Just a few highlights this year include 4-H youth learning about wild mustangs and land management at a Mustang Camp; learning about civic engagement by providing Christmas tree ornaments for a Nevada-grown tree that will be displayed as the 2025 U.S. Capitol Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., and learning about what it takes to get a pizza on their plate by growing and producing their own ingredients – even grinding their own grain to make flour.
At the overnight 4-H Mustang Camp held this July in Eureka, Nevada, 4-H youth from Nevada and across the West learned about managing public lands, rangelands, wild horses and burros. The goal was to look deeper at the relationship between healthy lands and healthy horses. The program was a collaboration among our University of Nevada, Reno Extension; along with Utah State Extension;
University of California Cooperative Extension; and the BLM’s Wild Horse and Burro Program.
During the first day of the camp, youth spent some time in the classroom, learning about the mustangs and the ecosystem that supports them, as well as other animals, plants and grasses. Then, they moved out onto the range, where everything they had learned about “came to life,” according to Tosha Kerby, a 4-H instructor with Extension in Eureka County.
“The youth were thrilled to see the wild horses, especially the foals,” she said. “It was incredible to watch their curiosity grow as they explored – finding animal tracks, seeds from plants and even bones. They immediately began discussing and debating what each item they found might be. One of the youth said while eating our lunch out on the range, ‘Imagine if we had to walk 20 miles to get a drink.’ This was a great observation, as we had not seen a water source for the horses in quite some time, and one we found was dried up.”
The second day was spent touring the Palomino Valley Wild Horse and Burro Center, 30 minutes north of Reno. By the end of the day, many of the youth were wanting to attend the camp again next year and bring some friends with them, and a few of them had started to plan how they could adopt a horse themselves. Kerby said that through the camp, the youth had also come to realize that in addition to ensuring the mustangs remain a part of our Western ranges for years to come, it’s also important to care for the land and all the wildlife on the range. She added that, like at all 4-H camps, the youth also learned about teamwork and responsibility.
“The Mustang Camp provided a safe environment where our kids were also able to build confidence, develop practical skills, and form positive relationships with both animals and peers,” she said.
At 4-H day camps and overnight camps in Nevada, thousands of youth each year gain hands-on learning experiences and make lifelong friendships and memories. At the Nevada State 4-H Camp in Lake Tahoe, 4-H has been offering summer camps for
more than 80 years, and a couple of years ago, 4-H also began offering camps at Nevada 4-H Camp Alamo, 100 miles north of Las Vegas.
Bringing Nevada spirit to the nation’s Capitol this Christmas
In January, the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest announced that it has been selected to provide the 2025 U.S. Capitol Christmas Tree, marking the first time the U.S. Forest Service will harvest the tree from the Humboldt-Toiyabe and from the state of Nevada. The U.S. Capitol Christmas Tree is a tradition that began in 1964 in which one of America’s 154 national forests provides a tree for the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol for the holiday season. The Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest is the largest in the continental United States, encompassing more than 6 million acres in Nevada and California.
With a theme for the tree of “Starry Skies to Neon Lights – Spirit of the Silver State,” the U.S. Forest Service put out a call in May for 10,000 handmade ornaments, ranging from 4 inches to 12 inches tall, that will be required for the gigantic tree. Youth in Nevada 4-H and Cloverbuds (ages 5-8) joined others across the state to help answer the call and have the ornaments delivered to the Forest Service by Sept. 15. The 4-H and Cloverbud youth provided a variety of handmade ornaments showcasing their artistic talent, as well as what makes our state unique and what “Home Means Nevada” means to them. The Forest Service specifically asked that ornaments reflect Nevada traditions and people; iconic landscapes and special places; our public lands and how people enjoy them; and our wild plants, animals and geology.
Anna Whiteside and Sara Sweeney, from the Extension office in northern Nye County, helped coordinate the effort for more than 20 4-H youth in Tonopah and Round Mountain to make 50 ornaments to be sent to the White House. The ornaments were made of wood and hand-paint -
ed, or were crafted from other art supplies, many of them depicting Nevada wildlife or “Battle Born,” as displayed on the state’s flag. Sweeney said the youth were excited to represent Nevada and contribute to the effort.
“They were also very excited about where the ornaments were going to be displayed,” she said. “One of the younger kids said, ‘This ornament is going to be famous, so I am going to try my best.’ They had a lot of fun, but they also took it pretty seriously and put a lot of thought into their ornaments.”
Youth in other areas of state also participated. Douglas County 4-H youth provided hand-painted Nevada-shaped ornaments, many of them depicting starry skies or eagles. Youth from Lyon County provided hand-painted, wooden, horse-themed ornaments. Youth from Pershing County provided hand-sewn ornaments.
The U.S. Capitol Christmas Tree project is made possible with support from partners, including nonprofits Society of American Foresters and Sierra Forever, along with contributions from companies and volunteers across America. Encouraging volunteerism, community service and leadership, and civic engagement is a pillar of the 4-H Youth Development Program. In fact, 4-H youth are four times more likely to contribute to their communities and two times more likely to have the goal of being a leader than their peers.
Growing informed consumers: from seed to plate
Youth in White Pine County got to experience firsthand what it takes to get a pizza on their table by participating in the 4-H Grow a Pizza Program. Held at the Boys and Girls Club in White Pine County, youth planted and harvested wheat, used a mortar and pestle to grind wheat berries to make flour, and made the dough for the crust from it. They also grew tomatoes, basil and parsley; and made
mozzarella cheese. The last day of the program, youth made mini pizzas and got to eat their creations. The goal of the program was for youth to appreciate all of the steps it takes to get food on their tables, providing education on our food system, from farm to table.
Youth in 4-H engage in similar activities throughout the state, engaging in clubs that teach cooking, food safety, nutrition, and gardening and horticulture. Besides gardening, many other 4-H clubs include healthy physical outdoor activities, from skiing to horsemanship and fishing. “Health” is one of the 4 H’s of 4-H: Head, Heart, Hands and Health. 4-H members are nearly twice as likely to make healthier choices and are more likely to be physically active than their peers.
Nationwide, the 4-H Youth Development Program reaches nearly 6 million young people through experiences that develop critical life skills. Through the 4-H Beyond Ready national initiative, 4-H aims to increase that number to 10 million youth annually by 2030. 4-H is the youth development program of our nation’s Cooperative Extension System and the USDA and serves every county and parish in the U.S. through a network of 110 public universities and more than 3,000 local Extension offices. In Nevada, Extension is a unit of the College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources at the University of Nevada, Reno. Globally 4-H collaborates with independent programs to empower 1 million youth in 50 countries with researchbacked 4-H experiences.
In Nevada, persons in need of special accommodations or assistance for attending 4-H events should contact Paul Lessick, civil rights and compliance coordinator, at plessick@unr.edu or 702-257-5577 at least five days prior to the scheduled event with their needs or for more information.
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February 18, 1943 – October 1, 2025
Mildred Louise Carter was born on February 18, 1943 in Boise, ID to Philip Carter and Pauline Bruch Carter. She was the 3rd child of what would eventually become a family of 11 children. Her early years were spent in Boise, where she remembered walking downtown to the Hotel Boise to visit her father who was the head of maintenance, and attending school at St Mary’s Catholic school. When Mildred was 12, her father passed away and her mother remarried to Ed Yenne. The family then moved to a farm in Kuna, ID. Mildred graduated from Kuna High School in 1961.
After high school, Mildred worked as a nurse’s aide at St. Luke’s in Boise. It was during this time that she met a young rancher from Nevada. Mildred married Stephen Ferraro on April 4, 1964. One month later, Mildred
TONI —
FROM PAGE 5
struggled with dyslexia, a life-long difficulty proven to be a great asset when it came to helping others. Toni read a children’s illustrated Bible to her own kids, then her grandkids. As Toni grew weaker, her grandson, Jag, read the same illustrated Bible to her despite his own battle with dyslexia. She’d spent many hours guiding him through the words she herself had memorized.
When it came time for Toni to cross over, Larry had one last request. “I want to see your face. To see what’s going on.” Larry wanted to see her reaction as she met her Savior. “We got to see it. She got this smile. She couldn’t move her mouth, but she could move her eyes and they twinkled. That was it. No more suffering. There’s power in that,” Larry states. Toni’s strength lie in not being afraid to cross the divide. For Larry, though the loss is acute, he’s had time to think about what her passing means to him. In an excerpt from a letter he wrote after her death, he states-
Dearest Toni,
As I, you also sought His face. He predestined us to eternal life, But, praise God, who also allowed us a free will, to accept Jesus or death’s hopeless strife.
Jesus said, “No one comes to the Father except through me, I AM- the way, the
and Stephen moved into a small house on the Ferraro family ranch in Paradise Valley, NV. Mildred and Stephen spent 57 years together, working the family ranch and raising six children, Peter, Juneen, Jolinda, Philip, Patrick, and Daniel.
Mildred was always hardworking and held many jobs over the years to help support her family. When her oldest children where young, she was an Avon lady and sold eggs, meat rabbits and chickens. Later on, Mildred was a babysitter for many local Paradise Valley families. During these years, on any given day, there were anywhere from four to eight young children running around the yard including her own two youngest sons. Days were filled with outside play and learning, as Mildred firmly believed in teaching her young charges numbers, letters and science topics. Her babysitting career continued into her eighties as she cared for her granddaughter Willa until just about a month ago.
At the age of 60, Mildred started a new career as an Advertising Salesperson for the Nevada Rancher and Humboldt Sun newspapers. She traveled many miles across northern Nevada visiting her clients. Sometimes Stephen rode with her, but most times she traveled alone from Reno to Elko, McDermitt to Fallon. Mildred was very proud of her work with the newspapers.
Mildred’s family was always her number one priority, and when she wasn’t working, she could be found leading 4-H projects in cooking and sewing, teaching catechism classes or serving on the Paradise Valley PTO. Mildred might hold the record for longest serving parent on the PTO having begun in 1972 when Pete started school until 30 years later when Daniel graduated from 8th grade. In all those years, Mildred served as President and Secretary of the PTO several times. She organized Easter egg hunts and fundraised with the annual Halloween party. Mildred didn’t miss many of her kids events, she was a Rodeo Mom, FFA Mom, and Football Mom. Mildred’s kids’ friends were always welcomed and she became a mom to many of them too. After
Daughter of Bud and Liz Rose, Toni grew up horseback. As an adult, she competed in the Jordan Valley Big Loop and showed horses at the
Truth, and the Life.”
Daniel left for college and Mildred became an empty nester, she got a dog named Paisley. Paisley was more spoiled than any of her kids ever were. After Paisley, there was Hanna and a number of other dogs over the years that followed Mildred wherever she went.
Mildred’s greatest joy in life was her grandchildren. She looked forward to their visits and phone calls, wanting to hear all about their latest accomplishments and making each of them feel as if they were the most important person in her world. Her grandchildren will remember chasing chickens, playing board games and baking cookies. She was so thrilled to learn just a few weeks ago that she was going to be a grandma once again in January 2026.
Despite being so busy, Mildred also found time for hobbies such as gardening, puzzles, watching Jeopardy, and baking desserts for dad. Growing up, Daniel was a huge Jeff Gordon fan and soon Mom became a die-hard NASCAR fan. She faithfully watched NASCAR races on TV every week. Dad, Mom, Patrick and Dan even went to a NASCAR race in Las Vegas. Mildred was known for her thriftiness, saving anything that might ever be useful or needed some day. This meant that whenever one of her adult children visited her at the ranch, they would leave with a stack of old school papers or a 4-H ribbon that she had kept from years earlier. In later years, she enjoyed reading romance novels and playing solitaire on her tablet.
Late last year, Mildred was diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer. She decided to forego treatments and go about living her life on her own terms, doing what she wanted to do, which was to remain living independently on the ranch. She was successful in this endeavor, spending her last months checking items off of her personal bucket list. At the age of 81, she went with her older sister Catherine on Amtrack to visit Philip in Nebraska. At 82, she
cleaned out years of storage, had the inside of her house painted (thanks Sheri and Bryan!), traveled to Idaho to spend time with her siblings and traveled to Coos Bay, OR to visit Juneen and stick her toes in the ocean one more time. Mildred faithfully attended Mass in Paradise Valley every month and on TV every Sunday morning.
Mildred passed away on October 1, 2025 at the home of her daughter Jolinda in Winnemucca. She was preceded in death by her parents, Philip and Pauline, her stepfather Ed, her husband Stephen, her son Patrick, her brother Larry, and her sisters Francis and Ethel. Mildred is survived by her children Pete Ferraro of Paradise Valley, NV; Juneen (Jim) Powers of Coos Bay, OR; Jolinda (Todd) Warn of Winnemucca, NV; Philip (Nikki) Ferraro of Clarks, NE; and Daniel (Karysa) Ferraro of Paradise Valley, NV. She is also survived by her beloved grandchildren, Amanda, Brett and Gus Ferraro, Heather (Logan) Revak, Jacqueline (Steven) Rose, Kristin (Joe) Ackerland, Collin, Tyler and Carter Gregory, Wyatt (Kendall) Warn, Josie (Brenden) Carroll, Raegan, Victoria and Genevieve Ferraro, Willa and Hazen Ferraro, and several great-grandchildren. Mildred is also survived by her brothers Jim (Kathy) Carter, Joe (Carla) Carter, John Carter, Ernie Yenne, Sam (Becky) Yenne, Eddie (Stephanie) Yenne, and her sister Catherine Petzak, as well as numerous nieces and nephews.
Funeral Mass will be held at St Paul’s Catholic Church in Winnemucca NV on Thursday, October 9, 2025, with Rosary at 9:30 am, Mass at 10:00 am. Burial will follow at 12:00 noon at the Paradise Valley Cemetery in Paradise Valley, NV. A luncheon will be served at the Paradise Valley Lodge Hall following the services. In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to the Patrick Ferraro Memorial Scholarship, PO Box 343, Winnemucca, NV 89446. Mildred’s family would like to thank all of our family and friends who have been so generous
John 14:6
After a short battle with illness, Toni Schutte passed away on March 12, 2025, in her Bruneau home surrounded by her children and grandchildren. The loss of a great woman such as Toni isn’t easy to bear. But like a bright star in the night sky, Toni isn’t ever lost, continually shining, and always admired.
Lyn Miller
Lyn Miller writes from the ranch in Idaho. Visit her at www.authorlynmiller.com
Elko County Fair.
Mildred Louise Carter Ferraro
Special to the Rancher
The Apprentice – Nevada style: University and growers work together
Mori has spent the last year learning about growing in Nevada – in hoop houses growing lettuces and greens during the winter, in greenhouses and nurseries starting seedlings and grafting tomato plants in the spring, and the highlight for her – “open-field” farming, being outside planting, farming and harvesting in the summer and the fall. It was all part of her experience as an apprentice of the Nevada Farm Apprenticeship Program, a University of Nevada, Reno program based at its Valley Road Field Lab in Reno.
Part of the University’s Desert Farming Initiative (DFI), the program provides a stipend to aspiring farmers who apply to spend a year filled with classroom education from faculty, mentoring from University faculty and staff and local farmers, and hands-on experience. The program, part of the University’s Experiment Station unit, aims to promote long-term viability of Nevada's agricultural industry and resiliency of the State's food system. It was made possible by a grant from the USDA Regional Food Systems Partnership Program and support from the Nevada Agricultural Foundation.
Mori applied for the USDA-funded program over a year ago, began it last fall, and is wrapping up that portion of the program this month. During her apprenticeship, Mori contributed to the production of thousands of pounds of produce sold at local farmers markets and at the Great Basin Community Co-op, and provided to local food pantries, including the University’s food pantry, Pack Provisions. The revenue from those sales goes right back into the Initiative’s farm training programs.
But, after discovering that her passion is open-field farming through her apprenticeship this summer, Mori applied to stay on for another year as part of the program, to run her own “incubator space,” a one-acre plot at a local farm, and start and develop her own business, Pumped Up Porches, a fall porch-decorating business using farm produce. She aims to decorate porches with items that are beautiful, edible and provide seeds for future planting, such as pumpkins that can be used for pies and seed saving when it’s time to take the decorations down.
“This summer it got more focused out on the farm, and I started to go out in the field more,” she said. “That was really exciting because I really started to learn about that. I learned how to run the tractor, which was fun. There were way more people on the farm too. Summer is just so exciting. We were doing pumpkins, corn, potatoes and melons.”
Mori especially enjoyed the camaraderie and mentorship she experienced during her apprenticeship, especially when summer rolled around.
“Going into a farming apprenticeship, you could be nervous, especially as a female,” she said. “But, Garrett, Jill and everybody at DFI, they are like a dream team to work with. If it weren’t for that, I don’t know that I would have lasted. I learned way more about a lot of different things than I had originally wanted, but in the best ways. It has been an eye-opening and honest experience.”
Along with Garrett Menghini, the Initiative’s farm production manager, and Jill Moe, the Initiative’s director, Mori also credited Todd Rissone, a local farmer with decades of experience, for keeping her motivated out on the farm.
“Todd really lifted my spirits when he came here in May,” she said. “The winter was really hard, and he just brightened my world. He’s an angel. He’s really knowledgeable and patient. He took me out to Avanzino Farms
in Reno and showed me how to run a larger scale irrigation system because I was almost too scared to do the incubator program due to the irrigation aspect. But, he showed me how.”
Rissone went through a farm apprenticeship program at UC Santa Cruz, and part of that program is that apprentices commit to help other new farmers down the road. Rissone is now fulfilling that commitment by helping out as a farm technician and mentor at the Initiative. The University’s Extension unit helps fund that portion of the program, through its federal USDA Beginner Farmer & Rancher Program grant.
“Monica really took full advantage of the mentoring offered by Todd and other producers,” Moe said. “She brought an independent and practical approach to her work. while taking initiative to collaborate with mentors and build a support network.”
Mori said she also learned a lot from Felipe Barrios Masias, associate professor focusing on agronomy, and other faculty in the University’s College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources.
“He just taught me so much about horticulture and provided me with the basics I needed to know to tackle all the different types of farming I got to experience,” she said.
Mori said that her experiences in the apprenticeship and talking with local producers helped her more clearly define her goals and path in agriculture.
“I like doing desert farming outside, not really in hoop houses, using what Nevada has to offer in the outdoor space,” she said. “I just want to utilize the space and grow with the sun shining down. I like the challenge of that. I think it’s really cool to see how garlic, pumpkins and corn grow really well here. I like to see and use what thrives here, and I’m excited to learn more about that.”
“When I entered the program, I kind of had a big vision of becoming a vegetable farmer and part of the food system, and was interested in organic farming,” she said. “Throughout the year, my goals changed multiple times. I found out I like farming some things, and don’t like farming other things. We would have farmer lunches once a month where we got to talk with farmers. They would ask: ‘What is your why? What makes you happy about farming?’ It made me think about it. I love working outdoors in the field, I love fall, and I want to be a part of that scene.”
Experience at partner farm evolves into incubator opportunity
Also as part of the apprenticeship, during the last six months of the program, Mori spent one day a week with a partner farm, Lattin Farms, where she got to work alongside Lisa Lattin Voiglaender and her husband Ryan. Mori has now decided to do her incubator program at Fallon Farms, leasing an acre of their property to run as her own business, where she will grow produce to sell as well as to provide the produce needed for her Pumped Up Porches fall porch-decorating business next fall.
Cookbook Feature
Exerpts from Cookbooks Available for Purchase
Hunting season is here. The Jackson Mountain Partyline Cookbook has some amazing recipes for you to try with your harvest.
Hunting season offers several benefits, particularly in wildlife management and sustainable food supply. It helps maintain balanced ecosystems by controlling animal populations, preventing overpopulation that can lead to disease, starvation, and habitat damage. Wildlife agencies set hunting regulations based on scientific data to ensure species are managed responsibly. Additionally, hunting supports conservation efforts through license fees and taxes on equipment, which fund habitat protection and research.
From a food perspective, hunting provides a local, natural source of meat, reducing reliance on industrial farming. Game meat like venison is lean, free-range, and often free of hormones or additives. For many families, hunting is a tradition that promotes self-sufficiency and a deeper connection to nature. It also contributes to the rural economy by supporting local businesses such as outfitters and meat processors.
Overall, when done ethically and legally, hunting plays a vital role in environmental stewardship and food sustainability.
Purchase a copy of this cook book by contacting Delia Nuffer at 775-741-7907
Mincemeat page155
Meatballs page101
Chukar page177
Continued from Page 19
“I chose Lattin Farms because I live in Fallon, and I want to farm there,” she said. “It ended up being the best decision I ever made. I learned a lot about the open-field larger farming that I was interested in. It was good to get that diverse outlook.”
As Mori wraps up her apprenticeship this month, she also plans to work at Lattin Farms for a couple of months to help with their Fall Festival.
“They need help with the festival, and I want to learn about the agritourism side of things. I’ll start going into my business and incubator program right after that, with seed starting and other things I need to do this fall and winter.”
With help from Kelli Kelly, advisor at Small Business Development Center at the University, Mori has already developed a business plan and launched her Pumped Up Porches business. She has even signed up a couple of customers, including the Fallon Chamber of Commerce. This fall she is buying some of the produce that she has helped produce at the University, as well as sourcing products from local producers, for her fall porch-decorating business.
“Next year, I’ll be growing most of what I need myself, at my space at Lattin Farms,” she said.
Her business and crop plan calls for planting a variety of corn and pumpkins, as well as some onion and garlic, since part of the program calls for 25% of her product going to local food banks. She said she may also sell some of her produce to others, and she is going to test growing some flowers in the field for bouquets and to add as dried flowers for her porch decorations. She is also going to test growing some mums to sell as potted plants.
“Monica has formulated a clear path for success and has the capacity to substantively contribute to Nevada’s food system,” Moe said. “We are so excited to see her business take off.”
From plucking dragon fruit in Hawaii to producing pumpkins in Nevada
Mori’s path to pursuing a career in agriculture in Nevada took the unlikely route of a stint in Maui, farming dragon fruit.
“I grew up in northern Nevada, with ranching in my blood,” she said. “But, I really cut my teeth in farming in Hawaii. And
yeah, farming in Hawaii and farming in Nevada couldn’t be more different,” she chuckled.
Mori’s grandfather had a ranch and dairy farm in Yerington, where she also spent part of her childhood and where her sister and brother-inlaw have a ranch and run a farmers market. Mori graduated from Reno High, spent a year as a student at the University, then did short stints in Oregon and Alaska before landing in Hawaii, where an opportunity to go “WOOFing” drew her attention. WOOFing is going to work at “Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms.”
“It’s like a work exchange,” she said. “You do organic farming, and you get room and board. WOOFing is really what got me hooked on farming. It was on a dragon fruit farm, that also had pineapples, bananas and other tropical fruit.”
After WOOFing for about eight months, Mori stayed in Hawaii, working in the service industry and as a visual merchandiser for Tommy Bahamas, for eight more years before deciding to return to Nevada. That visual merchandising experience is being put to use now, with her Pumped Up Porches fall porch-decorating business, but a lot closer to home – and family.
“I just started to miss my family,” she said. “My sister started having kids, and that’s what prompted me to move back.”
Shortly after moving back, Mori met her husband who grew up in Fallon. She and her husband have lived there for the past three years, where her interest in agriculture was once again sparked by her father-in-law, who grows fruits and
vegetables in hoop houses and outside there. While she has been further developing her knowledge and skills in agriculture, she also has been putting to use her experience in the service industry to run her own business, Tumbleweeds Boba, where she sells coffee, tea and boba at pop-up tents at local events.
“I’m also kind of looking at eventually trying to tie in some things, like growing raspberries for raspberry syrup for my boba business. I’ve imagined opening a boba shop where I can offer things grown on my farm. I worked in restaurants a lot in Hawaii. I think about growing things to supply my own restaurant at some point. I’m open to the journey, wherever it goes. Farming is not easy. It’s really hard. You really have to want to do it, or you’re not going to last.”
Due to changes in federal funding, the Nevada Farm Apprenticeship Program is unable to secure federal funds needed to offer additional apprenticeships at this time. If you would like to support the program with funding or gifts-in-kind, contact Moe at jmoe@unr.edu , or donate online.
B ottari & A ssociates Realty
650 acres on the Humboldt River with over 300 acres of surface water rights. Just East of Elko approx. 13 miles. Has access onto the Ryndon Exit. With the new conjunctive management of water by the state, this should add future value to this property. Price: $950,000
Offering a to sell a 50-100% interest in the Deeded Fish Creek Ranch with all the Ag use to the buyer. Lots of irrigation water from springs that arise on the ranch. Mine owner wants to reserve some water rights and Sage Grouse Credits. 2597 deeded with approx. 1000 water righted out of the springs, 5 homes plus multiple other barns, shops and outbuildings. Full line of equipment and multiple pivots.
Price: $3,000,000 to start depending on % interest.
HUMBOLDT RIVER ACREAGE W/ WATER RIGHTS
Behind the Goalposts
I love a good rodeo, and there is s At every high school football game, be it day or night,
There’s nosebleeds, jammed fingers, and at least one fight,
All the little brothers and some of the sisters too,
From K through 8 th, they play as hard as the big kids do,
Iffy first downs, changing the rules for their purposes,
It’s the game behind the goal posts, where glory days begin,
There’s about six quarterbacks, everyone goes for a pass,
And their Moms wonder how they get so stained with grass,
We’re so busy counting yard lines, we miss the greatest plays,
The no pads, no cleats, no helmets, smack talkin’ age,
Before they’re given uniforms, before technique sets in,
Kickoffs, long passes, and handoffs all mixed in,
No time-outs, no quarters, barely kept track of teams,
Howls of laughter, memories, and gridiron dreams,
The game behind the goal posts, a running shouting match,
Each one swears when he gets home, “I made the winning catch.”
Poem by Randi Johnson 2014
The Cowboys Daughter.
NEW LISTINGS:
Cross L Ranch, Railroad Valley, Nevada
*3,314 deeded acres *Water Rights *Winter and Summer Range *339,266 acres of BLM to run cattle on *1500-1800 tons per year (to feed and sell)
*Cattle and Equipment Included *several home for the help and new home for ranch manager
$12,000,000
Segura & Fish Creek Ranch, Tonopah, Nevada
*1,075 acres *support 450-500 head of cattle & 2,500+ sheep *500,000 contiguous BLM land, AUMs for both cattle and sheep with over 1,186,411 acres with 250,725 operating acres *Two 120 acre pivots and a 60 acre pivot *diesel powered wells *50 acres gravity fed irrigation from a pond *1,000 tons of feed annually *sheep pens *home $8,000,000
Old Lynn Farm, Railroad Valley, Nevada *113 acres water rights *Permit 27491 for 111.08 ac. ft. *Permit 38565 for 368.92 ac. ft. *Newer pivots
*Small house *Great Starter Farm
$479,000 Make offer!
Wildhorse Ranch, North Elko County, Nevada
*Owyhee River Watershed *4,500 contiguous acres with 3116 acre feet of water rights plus 908 supplemental water rights *native grasses *runs
600+ cow calf pairs *summer ground for 1,5001,700 head of yearlings *private land $8,000,000
2623 N Canyon Road, Lamoille, Nevada
*3.68 acres *Corner Lot *Fenced and cross fenced *perfectforlivestock/horses*naturalgrasses
*smaller corrals *old single wide *large shed *bunkhouse *Amazing views of the Majestic Ruby Mountains. $350,000
Log Home on the Jarbidge River, in historic Jarbidge, Nevada
Updated cabinets, countertops, appliances, and custom built-ins for storage, new flooring runs throughout, with updated walls, backsplash, and finishes. Soaring ceilings and new Pella windows and doors flood the space with natural light. The layout includes a spacious open living area, 2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, and laundry area in the hallway. Plus a connex provides extra storage for ATVs, snowmobiles, and yard tools.
11 Acres - Godchaux Road
*Paradise Valley Junction *Ag-residential District
Memory Ranches Results
“Well folks, our 2025 foal sale is a wrap! We are very grateful for the buyers that showed up at the ranch and online all over the country. We are convinced that there isn’t a nicer group of people than the people that show up to our sale. Thank you!” - The MY crew.
Memory Ranches hosted their foal sale this past month. Learn more on memoryranches.com
All foal average — $7200
Horse colt average —$7700
Filly average— $6700
High seller — $20,000 (lot 46 pictured)
Our next foal sale will be August 22, 2026!
NDA Veterinary Diagnostician retires after 21 years
Dr. Forbes has been working in the Animal Disease Lab since 2004
*Breathtaking Views *Build your Dream Home *30 minutes north of Winnemucca. $20,000
After 21 years of dedicated service to the Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA) and the state of Nevada as Veterinary Diagnostician in the Animal Disease Lab, Keith Forbes, DVM, will be retiring on Sept. 5.
Dr. Forbes joined the NDA in 2004, having previously worked in private veterinary medicine for 15 years. Dr. Forbes has played a critical role in identifying and managing animal disease across Nevada, safeguarding the state’s agriculture economy and food security.
“Dr. Forbes has been a valuable asset to the NDA and agriculture industry,” said NDA Director J.J. Goicoechea. “There are many veterinarians and livestock producers across the state who owe their livelihood to him. We thank him for his tireless dedication and wish him a happy retirement!”
Top Consignments from throughout California and Nevada will be Showcased during These Upcoming Special Sales mFeed for All Consignments Originating in Nevada
UPCOMING CLM SPECIAL WEDNESDAY FEEDER SALES
October 15 & 29
November 5 & 19
December 3 & 17
CLM ANNUAL BRED COW AND REPLACEMENT FEMALE SALE AND PARNELL’S 57TH ANNUAL CENTRAL CALIFORNIA ‘WORLD OF BULLS’ SALE Saturday NOVEMBER 1
Females at 9:30 a.m. • Bulls at 12:30 p.m. Featuring Top Angus, SimAngus, Hereford, Red Angus and Charolais Bulls from Top Seedstock Producers from throughout the West
California Saturday, November 1
UPCOMING WESTERN VIDEO MARKET SALES
October 17 – WVM Headquarters, Cottonwood, CA Consignment Deadline: October 9
December 2 – Silver Legacy Resort, Reno, CA Consignment Deadline: November 13
