Chapter 3. Life Science
22 able to be used to discriminate between fish from different geographic regions. Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to our project advisor, Andrew McGuier, for his guidance and useful critiques of our work, as well as Johnathan Stephenson for his encouragement and supervision of our project. Our special thanks are extended to Dr. Natalie McGuier, who assisted throughout the project. We would also like to thank the contributors to the NIH GenBank, as well as the maintainers of the Ribosomal Database Project and the Sequence Manipulation Suite. Lastly, we wish to thank Dr. Barry Luokaala and the sponsors of PGSS, Carnegie Mellon University and the Mellon College of Science, and the PGSS Alumni Association for their part in making our research possible. References [1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Salmonella Outbreak Linked to BrightFarms Packaged Salad Greens. 2021. URL: https://www. cdc.gov/salmonella/typhimurium-07-21/ index.html (cited on page 17). [2]
J. M. Janda and S.L. Abbott. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Bacterial Identification in the Di-
agnostic Laboratory: Pluses, Perils, and Pitfalls. 2007. URL: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM. 01228-07 (cited on page 17). [3]
Z.J. Jay and W.P. Inskeep. The Distribution, Diversity, and Importance of 16S rRNA Gene Introns in the Order Thermoproteales. 2015. URL: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s13062- 015- 0065- 6 (cited on page 17).
[4]
I Slav. Oil-Eating Bacteria Could Help Clean Up the Next Oil Spill. 2018. URL: https : / / www . businessinsider . com / oil - eating bacteria - could - help - clean - up - the next-oil-spill-2018- (cited on page 21).
[5]
Spectrum Compact CE System. Promega Corporation. URL: https : / / www . promega . com / products/sequencing/sanger-sequencing/ spectrum - cce - instrument / ?catNum = CE1304 (cited on page 17).
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L.A Stark. Beneficial Microorganisms: Countering Microbephobia. 2010. URL: doi:10.1187/cbe. 10-09-0119 (cited on page 17).
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N Tsevdos. Yogurt. Food Source Information. 2020. URL : https://fsi.colostate.edu/yogurt/ (cited on page 17).
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3.3
Designing A Rubber Band-Powered Plane To Uncover Aerodynamics By Tommy Gordon ’23 Although putting together a small (about 50 cm long) rubber band-powered plane may seem like a trivial science class activity or a simple individual project, it is an endeavor that is made surprisingly tricky due to the numerous forces and phenomena in action during flight. Throughout the past few months, I have been in the process of constructing several aircraft for an event named “Wright Stuff”, one of many that make up the Science Olympiad competition. Planes constructed for this event generally follow a standard design with a nose-mounted propeller, the main wing, and the empennage (the tail structure consisting of the vertical stabilizer and horizontal stabilizers). Below are some diagrams of my initial aircraft designs (Figures 1-3):
Figure 1
