LOGBOOK WEEK 8
STRATEGIES FOR OPENINGS (WINDOWS AND DOORS)
Terminology: HEAD at the top of the doorway frame, JAMB vertical part of door frame, ARCHITRAVE frame around door or window, Door leaf is the door itself that swings away from the frame.
Generally made from timber and steel. Steel frames very common, good for impact protection. WINDOW terminology: HEAD top member of frame, SILL is horizontal member along bottom (sloped for rainwater drainage), ROUGH OPENING where window/door inserted into wall. Steel good conductor heat so thermal breaks used to prevent heat loss/gain.
GLASS
Formers basic ingredient (silica), fluxes help formers melt at lower temperatures, stabilizers keep glass from dissolving or crumbling. Float glass used today, molten glass poured over bath of molten tin. Waterproof, medium-high density, transmits heat and light but not electricity. Hard, fragile, low ductility, high flexibility when molten low when cooled. Very durable, high embodied energy but can be recycled, expensive to make and transport. Flat glass – sheets, laminated tempered. Shaped – curved, blocks, channels, tubes, fibres. Float – most common, cheapest, breaks into sharp, dangerous pieces. Laminated glass – tough plastic interlayer bonded between two glass panels – breaks safely. Tempered glass – heating to approximately 650 degrees Celsius then cooled rapidly which increases strength. Glazing – layer of air between two or three panes of glass, reduces heat transfer through and reduces ambient heat loss.
GLASS SKINS
Changes technology allows larger sheets. Glass is silica sand, molten then cooled. Naturally through volcanoes, lightning, etc. Modulator of sunlight.
DEFLECTION – perpendicular distance a member deviates/bends from original state. MOMENT OF INERTIA – indicates how cross sectional area of member is distributed. Sum of products of each elements of an area and square of its distance from coplanar axis of rotation.
Steel rectangular hollow sections (RHS) act as the primary structural members.
Steel canopy encasing the beams and insulation, protecting from weathering.
Plywood roof panels underside of structure. Double glazed windows.