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634


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655

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KHMrA VII Tpe6a, ~o6 TH 3a ue oTpHMaB aa.ne*HY WIaT}'». CKaJanwu ue, B/lapus Toro no roJIOBi HaraHKOIO, .siK i nepme. Bi~oJiaxa KaHUJiep, Hi npo 1..1.\0 He amaJO'IH, noqynmu TaKi raae6ai 6peXJIHBi cKapru aa ce6e, TiJibKH Wietiu:Ma 3HM3an. !llpo W! .Ma· AlJe OCKiJibKH BiH BBa)KaB ce6e HeBHHHHM, TO, ni.u;HicWM CBOIO COBiCTb ,11;0 ISIU icmopi10 Bora, si~nonin TaKHMH CJIOBaMu: «Cni.u;qy nepe~ focno.u;oM EoroM, Ko6 'IJIUJi II. c. 29 Tpuii CaMe 3HasueM cepuH Ta conicTi KO>I<Hoi JIIO,ZJ;HHH, nepe~ JIMUeM KoTporo BH3Hal0 ce6e neJIHKHM rpi1IIHHKOM, aJie noKJia.u;aiOC.H Ha Horo MHJiocep~H CBHTe, KOTpe, .siK Bor BceMoryTHii1 Ja.u;JJH npoJJHTT.H Kpoai :H aenu:HHHX MYK Ha:HyJII06JieHillloro CuHa Cnoro, 3MHJIY€TbC.H H<Ui MHOIO. Cni~qy iMeHeM BceMOI)'THboro focno.LJ;a Bora, ~o H 3aB)l()J.H 6yn nipHHM,

3HqJIUBHH Ta CTapaHHHH y BHKOHaHHi BC.HKOI DOBHHHOCTi Ta CBOIX o6o!JllR"'I(j s'H3KiB, HaJie)KHHX ypHAy, KOTpHu 6yn MeHi AaHHH neJIHKHM KH.H3eM MocI(JUI!Yitpo6i KOBCbi<I-IM. Jl cnpanynaB MOfO HK fO,ZU1TbeH, HKOMOra BipHillle Ta HaiinpH6unpa6iJ~HJI H4 ¢MtJwu6e eTOHHime, TOM}' 6peXJIHBHX o6BHH)'Ba'liB BHKJIHKaiO Ha cyA Eo>Knii i cni~qy, JlnmyiJa. 'UHHJI ~0 .si 6yn HeBHHHO 3BHH)'BaqeHHH Ta o66pexaHH:H nepe.u; BeJIHKHM KHH3eM, I I (c. 66) enoiM naaoM; nee ue foenOAb Bor, y BeeMOryTHieT& »Koro cnH-

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BHHBHTb niA qae Csoro CYAY· llaM'HTai1, neJIHKHH KHH3IO, mo KOJIIi TH CTaHelli nepe.u; foeDOAHiM eyAOM, BHHBHTbeH MOH HeBHHHicTb. Tenep y Te6e nee e HiquM, HeMae >KO~Hoi cnpane.u;JiunocTi, [ TOMY] MeHi B3JKKo .u;oseeTH como HenuaaieTb nepeA To6oiO i1 o~IHeTHTHeH ni)]. 3BHHynaqeHh. T:w, HK H 6aqy, eToiw Ha enoi:H HeaaeHTHii1 >KaAo6i, HenraMonHiii nnepTOeTi, 6e3MipHiH XTHBOCTi DOMeTH, 60TH Beeby LtbOMy, 60TH nparHelll BAOeTaJJb HaDHTHCH MO€I Kponi. f1HH >Ke II, HK T06i no.u;o6a€TbeH,

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aexai1 cTaHeTbe.H no Tnolu soJJi Te, 11.1;0 TH 3a.u;yMan. Tenep y TBO€M}' cepui B3HJIH ropy 6pexHH Ta ¢an&rn, nonHi 3Mi1Hoi OTPYTH, TH qHHHlll cno10 ~~<op­ eToKieTb ari.u;Ho 3i cnoiM yno.u;o6aHHHM, 6oTH nee po6111ll f'BaJITOM Ta HeqynaHoiO >KOpCTOKiCTIO, aJie npHu.u;e tiaC DOMCTH T06i 3a TBOIO >KOpCTOKiCTb». TfT MOfO exonHJIH nocinaKH: «TH B>Ke OQHM BHHBJIH€W CBOIO BHHy,I.I.I;O TaKHMH T.H>KKHMH CJIOBaMH DOBCTa€lli npOTH BeJIHKOfO KH.H3.H». KaHI.VIep npoMOBHB )1,0 HHX: «0 BH, Hei.I.I;aCHi KaTH, BH 3 BeJJHKHM KH.H3eM € poa6iHHHKaMH, >KOpeTOKHMH npOJIHBaTeJJ.HMH HeBHHHOI JIIO)J,CbKOI Kposi; BH BCe quHHTe THpaHCbKHM cnoco6oM, HecJiymHo Ta HenpHeTOHHO. BH 6e3 >KOAHoi npHt{HHH B6HBa€Te HeBHHHHX JIIO.u;eii, Ai€Te 06MaHOM Ta 6pexHeiO, HKOT 3i MHOIO, BH He Ma€Te HitiOfO npaB)J,HBOfO, KpiM 6pexHi, .HKOIO BH npoTH MeHe cni.u;tiHJIH. HeMae MH sac Hiqoro Jierli.Ioro Ta Kpa11.1;oro, .HK 3BeCTH 3i CBiT}' HeBHHHHX JIIO)I,eH pi3HI1MI1 MyKaMH. A.JJ.e )J,aCTb fOCDO.ll.b fior, mo npH:ii.n.e TOM qac, KoTporo BH He cno.LJ;inaeTec.H, i BiH sac .n.y>Ke KapaTHMe, 3a ui cnoi cnpanH BH.n.icTaHeTe HaJie>KHY nJJaT}'». CKa3aBrnH ue, niH nmoiJYB iM n o6JIH':t'IH. BeJIHKHH THpaH TYT >Ke HaKa3aB H:oro cxomiTH cnoiM KaTaM Ta nonienTH Ha lllH6eHHUi AOropH HoraMH. CxonHBillH :Horo, BOHH raHe6Ho Ta 6e3copoMHO po3.u;.HrJJH :Horo 3JK .u;o copol.IKH :i1 Ha U:HX m116eHHU:.HX, enei.tiaJJhHO np11rOTOBaHHX J(JIH I_J:bOfO, DOBicH.JUi HOfO 3a HOfli I'OJIOBOIO BHH3. PoTMieTp Ha.u; nocinaKaMH Hi iM'.H MaJJIOTa, 'IYIO'-~H eniil o6on'H30K, eKa3an neJIHKOM}' KH.H310: «Hai1HeHiUJHii Ham u:ap10! JIKi MYKH HaKa)Kem3ano.u;i.HTH U:bOMY 3JIO"l.HHqiO?» Toi1 ai~nonin: ~<BH, nci Mol )KOBHipw, Ma€Te

656


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.HK TiJibKM BiH npOMOBMB U:i CJIOBa, BCJIMKMM KHSI3b HaKa3aB 6i,llOJiaxy :Jk'ty6tmui1. cnoci6 cxonMTM, raHe6Ho oroJIMTH H ni.nnpanMTM Ha ry I.UM6eHHU:IO, .SIK i KaHU:Jie- l@tTiy6tm HJl pa. floriM MaJiroTa, poTMicTp nonJiitJHMKiB, BJSIB nonHe ni.npo KMnJISitJOi BO,nM, BMJIMB Ha HbOfO, a .npyrMH, ni,lliHWOBWM, CXOnMB .llpyre HatJMHHSI i BMJIMB Ha HbOfO B)l(e XOJIO,llH)' BO,ll)', 3HOB)' iK iHWi HaBnepeMiHKM, QeH XOJIO,llHOIO, TOM rap.s~t.toro noJIMBaiOliM, nee 6iJibwe npHMHO)f()'BaJIM noro M)'KM. Ueii 6i,llHMH liOJIOBiK, He MOiK)'liM 3HeCTM KMnJISitJOi BO):(M, ni,ll BeJII.fKiiX M)'K Ta 6omo cnonHronan He6eca Hei1MonipHI1M KpMKOM. A u:en KaT MaJIIOTa lii1M ,llaJii, TMM 6iJibwe nommaB uoro u:iero no.noro, aiK noKI.f 3 <l>yaiKona 3Jii3Jia WKipa, SIK 3 nyrpa, BHaCJii,n;OK liOfO nicJISI TSI)KKMX M}'K 6i,llHa HOfO .nywa 3 HeHMOBipHOIO )I(OpCTOKiCTIO 6yJia BMrHaHa 3 TiJia. 3a TpeTiM pa30M ( u:ap)

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Hostibus in medijs interque pericula verlor Tan quam cum patria pax sit adempta mihi Qui mortis saevo geminent ut vulnere causas Omnia vipereo spicula felle linunt, Hie eques instructus perperrita moenia lustrat More lupi clausas circumentis opes. At semel intentus neruo leuis arcus equino

699

1QtU2a 1

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KHMrA VIII Vincula semper habens irresoluta manet II (c. 9) Tecta rigent fixis veluti val/ata sagittis, Portaque vixfirma summouet arma sinu.

IUO DOJihCbKOIO MOBOIO DEPEK.liAM€ThC.H TAK: nocepe.n. noporia i MilK noraHaMM .H IKMBy, Hi611 HaBi"'HO 3 BiT"'H3Hli BMrHaHHH. A noHn 3 no.n.niliHHM 3ananoM myKaJOTb, nK MCHe n6MTI1, I 3MOtiYJOTb csoi cTpinn 3MitHOJO OTPYTOJO. Tyr noiH mnM,u.KoKiHHHH nHJibHYE nii1:cbKa, Hi611 rono,u.HHH nonK, ~o. ttyJOtiii ninui, KPY)I<JHIE. JlyK y pyiJ,i Han'nTHH 3 MiUHOIO TRTMBOJO Pa3-y-pa3 nnnycKa€ cTpiny 3 IKMBOJO oTpyToJO. CTiHH BKpMTi 3Bi.n.yciJib ~~<opcTOKMMH nocTpinaMM, Po36HTi KH6HTKH ne,u.ne 3HOCRTb 36poJO. 9JTaJ,c xe ao mozo 3IC

I 3HOBY E.aeziz, 3, TaM )Ke .n.o Toro )1(: Maxima pars hominum, nee te, pulcherrima curat, Roma, nee Ausonii militis anna timet. Dant i/lis animos arcus p/enaeque pharetrae Quamque libel longis cursibus aptus equus Quodque sitim tolerare diu didicere famemque Quodque sequens nul/as host is habebit aquas. DOJihChKOIO MOBOIO UE 03HA't.JA€:

3

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Bin >Key KHHrax « Tpucmii», fu,pziJl, 10: Sauromatae cinguntfera gens Bessique Gethaeque Quae non ingenio nomina digna meo Protinus aequato siccis Aquilonibus Istro Jnuehitur celeri barbarus hostis equo. Hostis equo po/ens, lengeque volante sagitta Vicinum late depopulatur humum. Diffugiunt a/ij; nullisque tuentibus agros Incustiditae dirripiuntur opes. Ruris opes paruae, pecus et stridentia plaustra, Et quas divitias incola pauper habet, Pars agitur vinctis post tergum capta Jacertis,

700


KIIHrA VIII Respiciens ji-ltstra rura /a rem que suum, Pars cadit hunzatis. misere COl?fixa sagillis, Nam voluori ferro iunctile virus iuest. Quae nequeunt secum ferre, aut abducere perdunt Et cremal insontes rustica turbo casas, Tum quoque quum pax est, trepidantfomidine belli, Nee quisquam presso vomere sulcal humum. II (c. 10) Aut videt, aut metuit, locus hie quem non videt hostem Cessat iners rigido terra re!icta situ.

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II

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Hie ubi Turcaferox castris se collocat amp/is, Horrida Cyrcassi bella movere solen!, Pax tamen interdum est, pacis jiducia nunquam, Sic nunc hie petitur, nunc timet arma locus.

* ,ll.Hn. iii.CHH'I"'HHH MaJI. y KH. III (c. 31 opHriHany).

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* ,nHs. i.AeHTH'IHHH Man. y KH. II (c. 52 opHriHany).

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727


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736


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739

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756


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758


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759


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760


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762


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780


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786


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ro cKap6y, HiK"'eMHO 3,n:ox ni.n rono.n:y. .fll( m!fPitJl Tenep, KOJIH TYPKM soiOIOTh y Ilepcii, ix rMHe mo.n:eHHO si.n roJio.ny 8o1010mb y f!Tepcii He MeHme, Hi)K Bi,n: Me1.1a, OCKiJibKH, CTO.SI1.JM Ta6opOM Mi)K nicKaMM Ta .l(HKMMM CKeJIHMM, BOHM npOT.SifOM 6araTbOX ,n:HiB MYC.SITb co6i HOCMTM BO.li.Y 3 €ncppaTy .no Ta6opy; qHMaJio nOMHpae ix i si.n: nolllecTi. Il(opoKy TaM y BO€HHI1X noxo,n:ax rHHe TypKiB .li.O TpbOXCOT TMCSJq, ane nallla He llOJIH'Bouo8Hu1.i liJa€ po3not.JaToi nii1HH, a)K noKH He nnaJJ.e. Ix TaM .n:y)Ke 6'IOTb MaMmo.Ma.MJIIOI(U KH, a ue Hi611 Hami Ko3aKH, ix TaM .n:y)Ke 6araTo. L(ei1 Hapo.n: noxo,n:MTb 3 apa6in Ta Herpin, BOHH MY>KHi, .li.MBHOIO E ixH.H lllBMJJ.KiCTb, .n:o Toro iK BOHM .n:o6pi nepruHMKH. O,n:Sir MaJOTb 3 6inoro nonoTHa TaKMH lllMpoKHH, mo nKpMnaiOTb HHM i cnoro I<OH.H, OI<piM ronon11, KOTPY npHKpalllaiOTh TopoqKaMH i .li.3BiH01.JKaMI1. BoHH HOCSITh qaJIMH, nepcbKi ma6ni, m11T11, cnHCM 3 Hai1ToncTillloro oqepeTy, Ha KiHui HaKOHe"'HMK. Ha nepxHhOMY O.li.SI3i, .HKMH 3BYTb 6ypHyc, 33a,ll.y HOCSITb lllKipy SIKOI'OCb 3Bipa. lliTaHI1 3BYTb MapnoTa, y .HKHX .n.y>Ke m11poKi wTaHHHl1. KoHi MaiOTb, nsa>Ka:H, .n:o6pi sy3.l(e1.1KY 3 KOJIOM, ci,n:Jia :i-i nepcbKi cTpeMeHa. Ha:H6iJibrne cepe.n. HHX MaBplB. 'Dopoun;iHne € TaM i JIIO.li.H, KOTpi npMi>KJJ.)KaiOTb 3 iHmHx Kpais. Ue Herpu, o6nHql(a.MiHHJl q.SJ .SIKH X .D.yiKe 6JIMI.l.\aTb, OCKiJibKH BOHH BCTaBJI.SIIOTb B 1.JOJIO ( B "laJIMY] i B (} JIIOiJc &l(p.My o6nu'l'li 06M,n:Bi M01.JK11 syx SIKiCb qepBOHi KaMeHi 3aB6iJibWK11 3 nimHHOBIIM ropix,

814


KI-IMrA X KOTpi OIJOTb JICHHMII npOMeHHMM, f1 TaK 3 HMMI1 XO.lJ.5lTb. ,U111Hia pi'-1, HK TaKe MO)f(Ha B'-111HHTH. n po 1..\e TiepcbKe ~apCTBO llHCaJJO 6araTO iCTO· pHKiB, RK-OT: Kypy,iu e JKummi AtteKcauajJa Br.ttuKozo, JOcmuu Ta iHmi. O.n.HaK Mil ii.n.eMO ,.na.ni.

llPO MAJIY A3IIO

MaJJa AaiH no'-IHHaEThCH si.a. EzeiiCbKDzo MOpR, T06To

rpe~hi<Oro, Ta si.n. TIOHTY EnKCHHCbKOro; y Hii1 MiCT.HTbC$1

7,/apcm(}a y ?.fCllliu Jtjii

TaKi ~apcTBa a6o nponiH~il: TioHT)'JI, Mbi.s1, U.eaapiR, BipMeHiH, Jii.n.iH, BicpiHiH, Kanna;.\oKiSI, TpoH, <I>p11riH, a6o Tiaq>JiaroHiSI, Ana~iH, DaM<fliJiiH a)f( .n.o piKH €n<PpaTy. Konx~a- 6araTe ~apcTBO Ha.n. DoHTChKHM MopeM. 3ni.n.TH .HcoH, 3lJ.O· 6yam11 30JIOTe pyHo, 3a6pas Me.n.eJO, npo ~o '1HMaJIO nHI.U}'Th noeTH Ta icTopHKH. U:H Me.n.eH, TiKai0'1H i3 30JIOTHM pyHoM i .HcoHOM, ~o6 II He Ha3,n:orHaB 6aThKO, OeT, nopy6ana Ha mMaTKH csoro 6paTaAncHpTa 11 po3KH,n:aJia Ha I.UJISIXaX, ~0611 6aTbKO, 36Hpa10'111 '1aCTI1HI1 CMHiBCbKOrO TiJia, 3aTp11MaBCSI i He Ha3,n:orHaB II. B'1HHHBlllH TaKe, BTeKJia. Tip11 ~hOM}' .QapcTni E TaKi .n.ep)f(aBH i nponiH~il: 16epiR, An6aHiH, EaKTpiR, 3onh.n.iaHa (Zoldiana), I I (c. 70) BipMeHiH BeJIHKa i Mana. Y BipMeHii € HaCaMnepe.n. XpHCTHSIHH, KOTpi BipyiOTb Ha rpeQbKHM Jia,n:. DO TaM CB. TieTpO nocTaBHB neplllHM nancbKHM npecToJI B AHTioxii. O.n.HaK BOHH B .n.e- !llanc&'@U HKHX nyHKTaX po3iMIIIJIHCSI 3 rpeKaMH. BOHH MaiOTb CBOE BJiaCHe llHCbMO, 6npecmo/1 Jibtmio;{ji ane 3BH'tlaHHo roaopHTb no-TaTapcbKH, )KHB)'Tb 3 TaTapaMM qepe3 ropy, KOTPY Ha3HBaiOTb 1haw·us Rnodis. Pop;oc (Rodis)- ocTpia y Manii1 A3ii Ha A.n:piaTH'tiHOMY Mopi, HKHH Ha- PoiJoc 3HBaBcH Cll0'1aTK}' Jlil.\iH. lloTiM, KOJIH KOllaJIM Micl.'(e li.JIH <PyH,n:aMeHT)' MicbKOro sa.ny, 6y11o 3Hai1,n:eHo po»<y, i si.n: Hei (ocTpia) 6y11o Ha3BaHo Po.n:oc, T06To no-rpeQbKH po)l(a. BiH MaE .n:osKoJia 30 MHJib. Ha QbOM}' ocTpoai 6y11o O,n:He 3 CeMH qy.n.ec csiry: 6y11o llOCTaBJieHO TaM H311'tleCbKI1H CTOBll, BeJIIi· KMH i KOI.UTOBHm1, Ha 11eCTb i noxsa.ny coHI.'(IO. BiH Mas ciM,n:ecRT JiiKTiB 3aBBHWKH, aJie He npocTOHB i 56 poKiB, 6o snas yHacJii,n:oK 3eMJieTpycy. O,n:Horo nanhl.'(H l.'(horo [ i.n:ona] He MorJIM oxonMTH 11 .n:sa 'tiOJIOBiKn. €r11neTCbKHH C)'JITaH, KOJIH B3HB Po,n:oc, TO O,n:HiEi JIMWe Mi,n:i i3 30JIOTOM i3 l.'(bOrO CTOBna Ha6pas Ha 900 sep6JIIO,n:is i npHBi3 .n:o €r11nry. Bi.n. l.'(horo CTOBna po.n.ocQiB CTaJIM Ha3HBaTH KOJIOCI.'(HMM, 60 [(eM CTOBll Ha3HBaBCH JiaTHHCbKOIO

Colossus. Ue:H ocTpis 3aceJIMJIH pnl.'(api-TaMnJiiEpH i ,n:o6pe naHynanH, )'Kpinna- Pur;api WHCh. TypKM 6araTo pa3iB npo6ynanH 3anoronaTH ocTpin, aJie 3aB)K,l(H M)'- ~po6a~oc· MQHI>OZO CHJIM ni.n.crynaTM i3 BTpaTaMH. He TaK .n.asHo rypel.'(bKHH cyJITaH CynetiMaH 1523 poK)' CHJIOIO i 3pa,n:oro 3ano10nan ocTpin y xpHCTHHH. Type"~A~~Ha, a6o TpaKiH, a6o TaKO)K Capal.'(HHiH, - l.'(e HOBHH Hapo.n., SIKHH npRHIIIOB li.O l.'(HX KpaiH 3 TaTapCbKOrO Hapo.n.y. 3ifllllOBlllHCb i3 capal.'(HHaMH, npHHHHB MaroMeTony ceKry 8 630 pol.'(i nicJIH Pi3.n.na rocnO,l(HH.

815


KHHrA X I..I;eii MaroMeT Hapo~HBC.H ni~ 6aTbKa apa6a Ta MaTepi arapnHKH, iaMaiJibT.HHChKOI eopeiiKH, npH~yMaB oipy: 3 Tpbox 3po611n o~Hy. 13 CTaporo 3asiTY- o6pi3aHH.H, CB.HTK}'BaHH.H cy6oTM, He IcT.M CB.MHMHM, Qi.nHii nicT pa3 Ha piK He lcTH, ~OKH He 3aH~e COHQe. Y XpHCTH.HH B3HTO 6yJio xpe~eHH.H ,ZVI.H O'tJ:.M~eHHH rpixiB. 3ni~CH H ~OHMHi 'rypKH 06MHBaiOTb co6i "tJ:aCTHHM TiJia nicJISI SIKOrOCb rpixa. Bi~ Xp.MCT.MSIH BOHH MaiOTb TaKO.IK i Te, 11.{0 fOBOp.RTb npo focno~a XpMCTa, ~o Qe 6yn ,llyx Eo.IKMM i Hapo~HBCSI si~ HeBMHHoi ,l{iBH; ~y>Ke WaHfiOTb 0JIMBHY ropy, 3Bi~KH (BiH) B03HiCC.R Ha He6o, a espe.HM- qepe3 Te, ~o BOHM Horo HeHaBM,ZJ;i.nM, ane aanepeqyroTb Te, ~o BiH ,n:as ce6e aaMfttMTM, - Ka.IKfTh, ~o XpMcToc, a6o Eo.IKMH ,nyx, ai"Hmoa Ha He6o, a EBpeiB yniB y 3aTeMHeHHH a6o, lllBM)J,We, ~aB IM SIKeCb Hi6MTO .IKMBe CTBOpiHH.H, KOTpe BOHR, cniHMaBIIIM, 3B'SI3aJIM i po3in'HJIH Ha xpecTi. 3 noraHCbKOrO 3BMttaiO BOHM MaiOTb Te, ~0 COHQIO BiMaiOTb llO'tJ:eCTi, Hi6M Eory. ixHE BH3HaHH.H sipu TaK 3ByqHTb: «La i//ach illelach, mehemet iresul Al/ach», To6To: «HeMae Bora, KpiM €~HHOro Bora, a MaroMeT- npopoK Horo». KoJII1 npo~aiOTbCSI, TO Ka.IKYTb «Bissem Alahe, el Rachmane, e/ Ruchim», To6To: «B iM'.H Bora i MHJiocep,n:H i ixHix .zcyxis». Ilpo focno~a Bora nepe~ TBopeHHHM CBiTy Ka.IKf'Tb, ~0 BiH 6yn y 6iniM XMapi, 11.{0 ,l.I;OBO,l.I;SITb CBOIMH KHHfaMH, nKi 3BfTb AnbKopaH. Icyca BOHH 3BfTb €cya (Jesua) Mecci.H, Mo:ticen- TaHpe6ip Myca BeraM6ep, uoro KHHrH- MfCa<fJi, €aaHreJiie- iHrJii, csH~eHHO­ CJIY>KMTeJiin- Ta.JiiCMaHH, MariCTpiB- rorca.napH. IliCJI.H llOlliHpCHHH CBOEI nipu MaroMeT He )J,03BOJIHB arapHHaM 3BaTHCH arapnHaMH, ane- capaQHHaMH, ni,n: Capu, .n:py.IKHHH AnpaaMa, a noTiM- iJMaiJiiTaMH, ni.n l3MaiJia, CHHa Arapi, BHrHaHoi ,niBKH ABpaaMa. €spei o6pi3aiOTbCH BOCbMOro ~HH ( niCJIH Hapo~>KeHH.H] , a 'rypKH - qepe3 KiJibKa poKiB. !JTo6pe~eHbi(Jl MaroMeT CKa3aB, II.\0 Ha uoro npoxaHH.H Eor HaKaaan ropaM .necnTy !MazoJrtema qaCTH"Y CBOfO KaMiHH.H ,naTH Ha O)J,He MiCQC i ~0 Hi6HTO TaK BHHHKJia O,n:Ha ropa, .HKa HaaunaeTbC.H ApacpaT. HKa cTana nJiaKaTH ni~ T.HrapH. MaroMeT, no6a"tJ:HBlllH liB nJiatty, Hi6HTO MaB iM CKa3aTH: «He 3aCMyttyii:c.H, a noKJia)J,H CBiH KaMiHb Ha MiCQi, i HKII.\0 XTOCb ia MaH,npiBHHKiB-na.JIOMHHKiB He MOJIHTHMCTbCH nepe,n: QHM KaMeHeM, TO MOfO naJIOMHHQTBO He 6y)l.e cnpan>KHiM», To~i MaroMeT n~apHB HoroiO B KaMiHh, i si~pa3y 3'HBHJiac.H so~a • .HK}' He MO.IKHa 6yno nHTH. BiH Ha3nan II so,n:o10 ottH:meHHH, KOTpa Tette 11 no QeM ,neHb. KonH TYPKM noMMpaiOTb, TO lxHi maTH, B KoTpHx BOHM . . . .. MaiOTb Jie>KaTM n TPYHI, oKponJIIOIOTb QIEIO BO.LJ.OIO Ha BI.LJ.ny~eHHH rptxm. L(eH MaroMeT CKa3aB TaKO.IK, Hi6HTO BiH 6ys B3HTHii Ha He6o i 6at:UIB TaM 6araTo aHreJiiB, a He6o e ~OBlliHM, Hi)K ueii caiT. OT)Ke, Hi61no ~sa aHreJIH ApoTec (Arotes) i MapoT (Marot) 6yJIH nocJiaHi 3 He6a, ~o6 B"tJ:HTH JIIO)J.eii cnpane)l.JIHBOCTi; ~o iioro Bo.IKMM ,ll.yx y BHrJIR.LI.i rony6a Hanttas Toro, ~o siH Man '-IMHHTH y cnhi. A niH Man ro11)'6MQIO, Hantte"Y TaK, ~o6 iioMy BMT.Hrysana 3 nyx ropix11; HanJiiB MaroMeT i iHlliMX I I (c. 71) ttnMaJIO no6pexeHbOK. tJfoMy mypl(.u BiH TaKO)K 3a6opoHMB nHTH BMHO, 6o o.n.Horo pa3y caM ynMBC.H, a iioro m n '10m11 6uua cnyr11, B3.HB1IIH y HbOro HO.IKa, 3a6MJIH nycTeJibHHKa, xpHcTIIRHHHa CepriH, a Ha .npyrMH ,ll.eHb .nono.n.MJIM H:oMy, ~o Qe niH [ MaroMeT] aa611n nycTeJibHH-

816


KHllrA X Ka. BiH, no6a"mnum cniti Hi:>~< 3aKpimasneHMM, nonip11n i CKa3an: LUO .H

<< Ei)l.a

MeHi,

TilKe Dt.~IIHHB. DO)f(e, ni.nnycTH MeHi [ l\ei1 rpix], Qe CTaJJ.OC.H t.~epe3 BI1HO.

Hexai16y.ne npoKJisiTe BIIHO i Toi1, xTo n'E•>.

I t.~e pe3 Qe rypK11 He n'JOTb BHHa.

Y ixHix Me'-leTSIX, a6o 60)f(HHQSIX, cKJieniHH.fl 6ine, a ni.nJiora 3acTeJieHa poc<<La il/ach il/e Iache Mehemet iresul Alach», T06To: «HeMa€ Eora, KpiM €,nHHoro Bora, a MaroMeT i1oro npopoK»; «Tam·e bir begam ber hac/1»- «TsopeQb o,nHH, a npopoKH pinHi»; «Filis galio ile laclz»,

JIHHaMH, CKpi3b Ham1c11:

?llype!J~>'<i

Hanucu HO cmiHO't J.fcumei1

T06To: «HixTo He sc eMoryTHii1, TiJibKH Gor». CKpi3b y xpaMax 6araTo KaraHu.is, )' KOTpl1X rOpiiTb OJlHDa, a 6iJI.fl HHX CTOSITb DHCOKi Be)f(i, Ha KOTpi 3aJia311Tb M)'JIJia, 60 TaM He~ta€ .A3BOHiB, j CHJlbHI1M fOJIOCOM, 3aTI<H)'I.Hlll1 ayxa na.n.bi..VlMH, sonae TPMKpaTHo:

«Allah bech ber», T06To «O.U.HH Eor e

icTMHOIO».JIJO,n,H, BXO.ASI"li1.D.O xpaMy, BMMBaiOTbCSI, 3HiMaJOTb B3)'TTSI i TPH pa311 KpOnJISITb DO.AOJO rOJIOD)'. )KiHKH MOJl.fiTbCSI OKpeMO Bi)J. \.IOJIOBiKin, a MOJistTbCR -rp11 ro.n.HHI1 BHO'-li.

Y ci KJiaHSIIOTbCSI, 3COB)'IO'"lH KiHI.(HMH

nanbQiB csolrnanKH. TioMMpaiO'-IH, cnoiM 3anoniTOM si.nnycKaiOTb HesiJibHHKiB Ha BOJIIO, a .AJ151 cyci.D.iB BJialliTOB)'IOTb 6eHKeTH. 3a JanOBiTOM )f(iHOK Bi.ll.ll)'CKaiOTb Ta-

06pJliJu i xepmGu mypel}&l(j

EMHO. )l,aiOTb rpomi cnyraM Ha 3a6MTTR xpHCTHSIH, 00 ~e , RK BOHH BBa)f(aIOTb, E .n.y)f(e norpi6HHM AJIR cnaciHHR lxHix .nyrn. Tiarni Ta iHrni nOBa)f(Hi oco6H HaKaJyiOTb 6y.n.ysar11 Met.~eTi, ro6ro xpaMM.

A

KOJIH BOHH npMHOCHTb

)f(epTBM, SIKi BOHH 3B)'Tb no-apaOCbKH «XOp6aH», TO JaB)f(,li.H ,ll.aiOTb CBHI.l{eH-

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Y

MiCTi XOBaiOTb npaBMTeJIR, aHa ~bOM)' MiCU.i O)',ll)'IOTb

xpaMM. 3a ,ll)'llli OOMepJIMX BJialliTOB)'IOTb )''-ITM; B neBHMH '-laC KJia.l()'Tb Ha ixHi MorMJIM c11p, XJii6, M'Rco, RH~H, MOJIOKO, oco6nMBO Ha.nes'.SITMH .neHb nicJIH CMepri. ,l(eSII<i BMO)'CKaiOTb Ha BOJIIO nTalliOK 3 KlliTOK 3a IXHi .nymi. IHIUi KM.U.aiOTb XJii6 )' BO,ll)' p116aM, Ka)f()'"tJ:M, ll(O TO € MMJIOCep.U.HHH B"tJ:HHOK DO)f(OM}' CTBOpiHHIO. XJii6, ne'-leHI1H .l(Bi"tJ:i, i.U..SITb, 3Milli)'IO'-IH 3 HKHMCb .li.)')Ke cMa"'HHM 3iJIJIRM. Kom1 i,nSITb, ro )f(iHoK He nyci<aiOTb .l(O ce6e, ane caMi ci.naIOTb Ji cxpe~eHHMH HoraMM y rypT no .n;ecRTb .nym i 6inhme. HesiJibHHKiB niCJIR .n;saHa,n~RTH poKiB He ni.n;nyci<aiOTb .l(O )f(iHOK. Kom1 cnpaBJISIIOTb MaJIY '411 BeJIHK)' H)':>K.l()', TO i "tJ:OJIOBiKH, i :>KiHKM MMIOTb llOTiM CBO€ TiJIO. 0TO:>K 3a

Copo.M SlJ· Au8o nuwyru

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Y>KOBTHi.

10 poi<iB, oco6JIHBO B €rHnTi. A B 10 poKiB

TaT)'IOIOTb CBO€ TiJIO, T06TO Ha WKipi BHI.D;aiOTb ropiJIKOIO (wodka) HaMaJibO· BaHi Ha TiJJi pi3HOMaHiTHi KBiTKM. lloTiM Hanyci<aiOTb T)'.D;H pi3HHX <Pap6,

. ,.. . KOTpl TaK CMJibHO B I.D;aiOTbCH B TlJIO,

.. ~0 IX HeMO>KJIHBO 3MHTH )K0.l(HI1M

cnoco6oM. Cnpas.n;i, .n;y:>Ke .li.MBHa e piq 6a"'HTH Ha Tini TaK 6araTo pi3HHX i npeKpaCHUX <J>ap6.

817

'DiD-lama ~oa.Rmr. toAi


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822


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824


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c. I CapMamiR.- capMaTli (canpoMaTH)- KO"'OBi ipaHOMOBHi nJieMeHa, srKi y IV-III CT. ,no H. e. poaceJIHJIHCH Ha TepHTopii BiJI. To6oJiy JI.O )lyHaiO if YTnopHJIH coroaH nJieMeH - naHrH, poKcoJiaHH, C11paKH, aopCH Ta aJiaHH. 3 II CT. ,AO H. e. SI3HfH Ta poKCOJiaHH yrnep,AWIH CBO€ naHYBaH· HSI B CTenax flinHi"'HOrO flpHliOpHOMOp' Sl, Bi,ll.TicHHBllili cnopi,nHCHHX 3 HHMH CKi<f>iB ,AO KpHM)' a6o aCHMimonanum lx, i crnopHJIH cnoiO JI.Cp)f(asy - CapMaTiiO. O,nHaK 1.\C naHYBaHHH 6yno BTpa"'eHe y 3B'H3KY 3 HalllCCTSIM roTiB (Ill CT. H. e.), a noTiM ryHiB (IV CT. H. e.) i poarpOMOM HHMH capMaTin. l.JacrHHa capMaTChKHX nJieMeH 6yJia nTsrrHeHa y BeJIHKe nepeceneHHH Hapo,nia ( oKpeMi ixHi rpynH.llOCHrJIH HaBiTh TiinHi'iHOi A<f>pHKH). ,l(pyra 'iaCTHHa JJHWHJiaCH y npH'iOfr HOMOpCbKHX CTenax j 3MiWaJiaCH3i CJIOB'SIHaMH, O,AHaK IX He MO.>KHa BBa)f(aTH 6eanocepe,nHiMH npe,nKaMH CJioa'srH. TpeTsr qacTHHa capMaTCbKHX 11JleMeH aaKpiml.llaCH Ha KaaKaai (,nesrKi .noCJii.nHHKH nnaJKaiOTb ix npe,nKaMH oceTHH) i a Cepe.D.HiH Aaii. ,ZJ;ani raaHbiHi noMHJIKOBO noa'Sl· aye capMaTIB ia fOTaMH. .AJie fOTH 6ymi llJICMCHCM CXi,nHHX repMaHQiB, SIKi Ha llO'iaTKY HalllOi epH )f(HJIH Ha nio.neHHOMY ya6epe)f()f(j BMTiHCbKoro MopH, KY.AH npHHlllJIH ai CKaH,AHHaoii.

831


KOMEHTAPI Y nepwii1 nononMHi III cT. npH6}'nJ1 ttepe3 6acei1u p. BicnM i BonMHb .no ITiouiquoro IlpHttopuoMop'~ • .ne JacuynanM cnol.nep)f(arm: ocTroTiu (y IlpHaJon'l), necTroTio (y ninuitt·

uo·Jaxi.nHOM)' IlpHttopuoMop'l, Jaxi.nuiwe Hli)f(Hbol TC'Iil)luinpa). B ocTauuii1 TPeTMHi IInepwii1 TpeTHHi III CT. roTH aao.nan11 noryiKHMX y.napin PuMCbi<ii1 iMnepii. IliCJIH nopa:nm si.n ryHiB y 375 p. roTI1 M}'CMJII1 ni.ncrynaTH na Jaxi.n, ttacTnua 3Hai1wna npnxHCTOI< y KpHMy, ixui .nep)f(aBM icuynan11 TYT ina TaMaHChi<OM)' ninocTponi me y IV-VI cT. OcTrOTM aau01onanu PMM, ttacr11uy hanii, crnop11n11 cnOio .nep1Kany (Paneucbi<HH ei<aap3aT), a secTroTH - Icnauiro, .ne TeiK crnopnn11 .nep)f(asy.

c. II €eponu- o~Ku Azeuopa- Ma€TbCH ua yoaJi ni.D.OMHH ,D.anuborpeUbi<1111 Micp npo €npony. c. III aanoa.AiB - nau.na.n11 - rpyna cxi)J.HOHiMel..l,bi<Hx nneMCH, KOTpi nepeceJIHJIHC.H ai CKaH)J.MHanii ua nin.neuHe ya6epe)f(IK.H EanTiiiChKOro MOPH i ,D.ani Ha niB)J.CHb .no )lyua10, aiTKH}'BWMCb

'JYf i3 PHMOM (II cT. .no H. e. - III cT. H. e.). Y 270 p. pa30M ia capMaTaMI1 s.nepJIHOI ua TepHTopiiO pHMCbKOi ITaHHOHil, ane aaaHaJn1 nopaaKM. Y 335 p. 6ym1 noceneui si3auTiiicbKMM iMnepaTopoM KoHcTaHTMHOM I y nauuouii .HK cpe.uepaTI1. Y IV cT. o6'E.D.HaJIMCH a anauaMH. IloTiM ni.u. THCI<OM roTiu o6n.u.na nneMeui pyw11JI11 Ha aaxi.n, npoiiWJIM 4epe3 ranni10 i1 ocin11 n lcnauii. )lo 425 p. 6ymt: BMTiCHCHi BCCTI'OTaMI1 Ha niB.l(CHb flipeHCHCbKOI'O niBOCTpona. 3 429 p. 3aBOIOBaJII1 Ilinuil.IH}' A¢pHK}', aaiiuSIJIM C111..1,MJiiiO, Cap.D.11Hi10, Kopc11Ky, norpa6ynan11 PHM. Y 533535 pp. KOpOJiiBCTBO BaH,uaniB 6yJio po36MTC Bi3aHTiMI..I,HMI1. fliCJI.H HCB,llaJII1X IlOBCTaHb rrpOTM BiJaHTii y 30-40-x pp. VI CT. l.laCTMHa nau.uanin 6yn a npo.naua y pa6cTso, a pewTa 6yna aci1Minbonaua MicUCBMMI1 IIJICMCHaMM. zomu- IIJICMeua cxi.n.u11x repMaHuin, KOTpi Ha no'laTK}' uawoi ep11 MCWKaJIM ua nio,ueHHOM)' yJ6epe)f()f(i EanTi1'1cbKOro MOpH, K)'.UM npHI1wna Ji CKan.uMuanii. Y III CT. ocin11 y Ilinuil.IHOM)' IlpH'IOpHoMop'i, ua TepHTopii C)"--aCHoi Ois.ueHuoi YKpahm. 3 238 p. paaoM 3 I<apnaMM Ta iHwMMM llJICMeHaMI1 3.UiHCHI08aJIH IIOXO,lll1 Ha .l(aBHbOpHMCbK}' iMnepilO. fliCJI.R rropa3KI1 Bi.D. I')'HiB y 375 p. p)'WHJII1 ua Jaxi.n, .ue ni.nKOpl1liH IlinHi'luy ITa.JiiJO ( ocTrOTH) Ta Icrraui10 (necTroTM). Ti6epHiUCb'KOzo oxea·uy - MaETbCH Ha y saJi ATnaHTWiHHH OI<CaH. 1\tfeomiuCbKe o3epo - MeoTCbi<e (MeoTiikbKe) oJepo, MeoTCbKe 6onoTo (MeoTM,ua)- HaJna AaoBCbKoro MOpH y .u.anuix rpeKio Ta pHMJIHH. TaKy Haany nouo .uicTano ni.u .D.asuix nneMeH MeoTiB, KoTpi IKHJIM ua cxi,AHOM}' yJ6epe)l{)l{i A30BCbKOro MOpsi y I CT. .uo H. e.- nepwiii nonoBHHi I TI1C. H. e.

flmo.JLe.M.eil- IlTOlleMeH KJiao,ui1'1 (6n. 100- 198) -.nanHhOrpCl\bKI!i1 D'-ICiiiiH 3AneKcau,upii, reorpacp, MaTeMaTHK i nwpeub Tpl1rOHOMCTpir , acTpoHOM Ta icTopnK, anTop 6araTbOX npal..\b, cepC.U .RKI1X lmpi3H.H€TbCH «fcorpa<l>i.H» )' BOCbMII KHllfaX. Y uiif yaaraJJhHeHO ,D.Op060K ,UaRHiX reorpacpin, npoKOMeHTOBaiiO KapT)' 3eMJii . fnaHblHi Mir BI1KOp11CTaTII TaKi Bli.lJ.aHHH Tuopis nToneMCH: Cosmografia . . . Vicentia, 1475, Ulmae; 1482; Gcografia.- Basel, 1540, 1542, 1545; Omniaqueextantopera.-Basilca, 1541, 1551.

c. IV H/lCTbC.H, O'ICUHJJ.IIO, npo H3I1rin- o.nHe ia capMaTChKMX nneMeH , nuxi.nl\iu 3 nonoJIIK.H Ta I1p11ypan n .s~, HKi ni 311iwe n epeKO lJyuaJIJ1 .D.O IlpHaJou's• , a noTiM - na Jaxi.a. ni.u ,ll.Hinpa. JlJHrM CTuopHJIH T}'T 3Ha'-IHHI1 nii1CbKOno·nOJiiTJ1'-1Hlllt COI03 KO'-IOnHx nnel\JCH, Jni.u.ca R'lf,Oh-tz(ll.tu-

uana,u.anu Ha pHMCLKi UOJIO.lJ.illl-f.H, aoKpeMa 3 69 p.- tta Miai10. Y cep. I CT. H. e. H3111'11 .>KI1Jllf Mi>K ,ll.yHa€M i THcOIO, a y II cT.- y DauHoHil. Y c epe,.unHi I - II CT. .AO H. e . .H3Hfl1 nocemtnucH Mi>K ,ll.yuaEM i THcOIO. Y paHHbOM}' ccpc,uuboni'-1'-li pewTKH H3I11'iu JMimaJIIICSl 3 iHum~m Hapo.AaMu IJ.c•npa.JibiiOr €upon11. 0/luai< fuaHI>i'Hi n;IyTa€ SI3uriu i3 GiJibW niJ.J.OMilMlf .HTnHraMu, npuuanTii1CLI<MM IIJlCMCHCM, CnOpi/lllCHMM 3 npyccar.m.

832


KOMEHTAPI .Ml'mmtacma.Mu- oa)f(KO cKa3aTu, Koro Ma€ ua yoa3i fnanbi'ui. B yc.HKOM)' pa3i JJ.O yropr.{iB 3raJJ.aHi «MCTaJiaCTH» IIC MalOTb BiJJ.HOillCBI·UI. jJiKow lcm.MO.It- luaHbi'Hi nnyTa<::TbCH. B aHTI1ttHi 'Jacu lcTpoM ua311Ba.Jm )lyHaii, TOttHime lioro Hlf)f(HJO ttacTnHy. len-roM ){<C Hct3rmanot Kopunq)CbKilll nepcumiioK, KOTpwi13'€,uHyBaB Cepe.D.HIO fpcQiiO 3 neJlOllOHHCCOM. floHmiiiCbKO~o J.top.R- MaETbCH na yna3i YopHe Mope. 20/JU Tincp6opeii.CbKi- U.H Ta HctCT)'nlli Ha3BI1 rip \faCTO 3)'CTpi•-raiOThC.H D aHTWllll1X iCTOpuKiB Ta reorpa¢in, HKi no-pbHOM)' 'ix JIOKani3ynam1, a;re oiJl~>llliCTb po3yMina ni.a HI1Ml1 YpMbCbKi rop11. EeKCUHC'bKozo J.wpR- Ma€Tbc.n Ha yna3i 'Yopne Mope. To.waKi81W- ocTpin ToMaKinKa 6yo po3Tamonarmi1 y nrpJli p. ToMaKinKa, n MiCI..{i, .ae uoHa nna.aa€ y ,li,Hinpo (6iJlH cyttacHoro M. MapraJJcJ~b ,ll.HinponcTponcbKOi o6n). HwHi niH MaH)f(e nonHiCTIO JaTonner-mil no;{aMH KaxonchKoro MopH. Ha l(bOM)' ocTponi po3TamonynanacH 3anopo3I>Ka Ciq 3 60-x pp. XVI CT. no 1593 p.

c. v Cap.MamCbKUX zip- MaJOTbCH Ha yna3i KapnaTCI>Ki rop11. Ce.M.uzopooCbKozo BOEBoocmBa- HJJ.eTbCSI npo Cer.mropo.acbKY (TpaHcinbnaucbK)') .aep)f(asy. H11Hi USI TepHTopiH nxo.awTb .uo CKJiaJJ.Y PyMyHi'i. {/>paH-Ko¢opoii"- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaJi <l>paHK¢)'pT·Ha-O.uepi y ninHittHo-cxi.aHii1 Hir.te'-1'-IMHi. :H<M.)'Ob, I<)•pAAnoiw i 3'H.a'I{.Hi IH-fPAAHOCbKi oejJJICaBU- )f(M)',Ub - qaCTI1Ha Jli1TBI1 y 3axi.aHii1 i'i '-laCTHHi; KypnHH.lliH (Kyp3eMe)- KypnHH.lJ.CbKHH ninocTpis, qacTHHa JlaTsii' Ha 3axi.D. si.u p. Jlienyne. 1H¢JIHH.D.iH - ,uaBH.H Ha3Ba '-laCT11HH CXi,UHOI 0pH6aJITI1KI1, HKa H11Hi BXOJJ.I1Tb .ll.O CKJlaJJ.)' JlaTsii' Ta EcToHii.

c. VII

coozo BOJICOR To.Mepa, cuna.ff¢emoBozo- foMep 6ys nepwMM CMHOM .H¢eTa, nma HoH (:SyrTSI, 10:2, 3 Ta iH.), BBa)f(aBC.H npa6aTbKOM KiMMepiHL{iB. ,lJ,e.HKi cepe.D.HbOBi'-IHi XpOI-IiCTJ-1 (asTOp naTI1HCbKoro scryny .D.O xpoHiKH €ncesiH) nDa)f(aJia foMepa npa6aTbKOM roTis (BoJl:b¢Pa.M X. foTbl. OT HCTOKOB .D.O cepe.D.l1Hbi VI seKa (onbiT HCTopaqecKol1 3Tnorpa¢HH).Cfl6., 2003.- C. 52). TeiCKona, a6o Ac1,te1ta, cuua ToMepa- AcKeHa3 (AmKeHa3) - cnH foMepa ( :Syrr.H, 10: 3). ,ZI,eSIKi BBa)f(aJOTb, mo AcKeHa3 non'H3aHMH 3 repMaHCbKHMH nJleMeHaMM, i DKa3yJOTb Ha TonoHiM AcKaHiSI y <l>p11rii Ta CKaH.ll,I1Hanil (,ll,Hn.: Hwcmpe.At 9. DH6JJeHCKI1H CJlOBapb.- cn6., 1997.c. 29). 5epoc- Ma€ThCH Ha ynaJi oanHJIOHCbKHH icTopHK III CT., .nKHH HanHcas npau10 npo cyqacHi HOM)' no.D.ii. B Hayui icHyE, o.zr.HaK, P.)'MKa, mo Hacnpan.D.i uel1 Tnip € ¢Mbcuq)iKaToM XVI cT. Kpauyiii- Anb6epT KpaHuili 3 faM6ypra (noMep y 1517 p.)- BH3Ha'-IHliH HiMCUbKHH xpoHicT. 11:oro Tsip BH)J.aHo y <I>paHK¢ypTi 1575 p. pa30M i3 TnopoM KpoMepa «Poloniae: Wandalia. .. » (Coloniae, 1517; Francforti, 1575). ll.11.iniii- Ma€TbCK Ha yna3i TiniHiH CTapmnli (raii 0JiiHii1 CeKyn.n), ~o )f(HB y 2379 pp., ,D.aBHbOpHMCbKI1l1 Dl-feHHH i nHCbMCHHlfK, ,nep)f(aBHHH )J.i.H'-1, aBTOp 6araTbOX icTOp111·1· HHX npaL{b 1 HaCaMnepe)J. «TipHpO,li.HH'-IOi icTopii» Y37 KHHfaX, CBO€pi,nHOi eHL{HKJIOfie)J.ii npHpO.ll.03HaDl-fHX 3HaHb aHTH'-IHOCTi. fnaHbiHi Mir BHKOpHCTaTa TaKi BH)J.aHH.R TDOpin llJiiHi.R: Historia mundi (Basileae, 1530), Historiae naturalis libri XXXVII (Venetiae, 1507; Padsiis, 1511). Kojme.ll.iii Tayum- lly6nili KopueJlili TauuT (6JI. 55- 6n. 120)- Hai1BH)J.aTHimHi1 .nanHbopHMCbKHH iCTOpHK, nOJJiTH'IHHH ,D.iJil-1. AnTop HI13KI1 icropH4HHX npaUb, uai:f:Ba)f(JJHDiWHMH 3 .RKHX € «lCTOpi.R» Ta «AJiHaJIH». Y nepwiH DHCBiTJIIOBaJiaCb icTopi.R PMMCbKOi iMnepii y 6996 pp., y .llpyrii-i- 3a nepio.zr. 14-68 pp. Han11can HH3K)' iHmHx Tnopin, cepe.zr. stKHX HaJ.tBa>K.11HniWHM € ..repMaHi.R» (De origine et situ Germaniae .••- Wien, 1515).

833


KOMEHTAPI Cmpa6on- CTpa6oH (63 p • .no H. e.- 19 p. H. e.)- BH,naTHMH reorpa<P Ta icropMK aHTWIHoro 'lacy, rpeK aa noxo.n*eHH.HM. 3oKpeMa, HanMcao «feorpa<PiiO» a 17 KHM.rax, KOTpa aaa*a€TbC.H nepWHHOIO reorpa<fJi'tfHMX 3HaHb aHTH'tfHOCTi. fBaHbiHi Mir CKOp11CTaTHCSI TaKI1MI1 Blf)J,aHH.HMH i1oro Tnopio: Commentarii geograhici (Basileae, 1523), Geographia (Venetia, 1472), De situ orbis (Venetia, 1502, Basel, 1549). c. VIII Ca6e.M.iK- MapKo Ca6eJIJiiKo ( 1436-1506) - ni,noMm'i iTMii1cbKHi1 icTopHK .no611 Bi.npo.A*eHH.H. fDaHbiHi, O'tfeBH)J.HO, DHKOpHCTOBynaB ny6niKaUiiO HOfO JiaTHHOMOBHOfO TBOpy: Sabellici M. Exemplorum libri decem (Lipsiae, 1518). Fepooom- fepOJJ.OT faJiiKapHaCbKHH ( 485-425 pp. ,li.O H. e.)- «6aTbKO iCTOpii>>, HaHBH.U.aTHiWHH ,naBHbOrpeUbKHH icTOpHK, aBTOp «lcTopii"» 3 9 KHHr, O.AHY 3 .HKHX np11CBHTI1B on11cy TiiBHi'tfHOfO TipwmpHOMOp'H . fBaHbiHi Mif CKOpMCTaTUC.st TaKMMM BM)J.aHH.stMM HOfO TBOpy: Historiam libri IX (Venetia, 1494; Romae, 1475). Ki.M.Mepiu:ui- Ko'tfone ipaHoMonHe nJieM'a TiioHi'1Horo TipH"'opHoMop'.a, aKe y cep . II TMC. .no H. e. BMOKpeMMJioca Ji cninhHOTH 3py6Hol KYJihTYPM. Y II nonoaMHi VII cT. .no H. e. BOHM 6yJIM BMTicHeHi a6o aCMMiJibODaHi CKi¢aMH. Mix flaM¢illioo ma Kannaomcie10- TiaM<Pinia - KpaiHa Ha niBJJ.Hi MaJioi Aaii Mi* JliKiEIO Ta KiniKiEIO. 3 VI-V CT. .no H. e. nepe6yoana ni.n nepcbKHM naHyaaHH..HM, y IV CT.JJ.O H. e. 6yna Jaaoi1onaHa AneKcaHJJ.pOM MaKeJJ.OHCbKHM, noTiM nepe6yaaJia y cKJia.ni pi3HMX enniuicTM'1HHX .nep)f(aB (TIToneMeio, CeneaKi.nin, TiepraMCbKOro I..{apcTaa). PaJoM i3 TiepraMOM TiaM<Pinia 6yJia 3aBOHOBaHa PMMOM y 133 p. JJ.O H. e., a y 43 p. fTDOpMJia OC06111-my npooiHUiiO .l(aBHbOp11MCbKOI iMnepii. Kanna.noKia- cTapo.naoHa Ha3Ba o6nacTi a I..{eHTpaJibHiii qacnmi Ma.r1oi AJii, .aKa Ha cxo.ni Me)f(yaaJia 3 BipMeHi€10, aHa ninHot:~i - 3 t.IopHHM MopeM. Ha no'tfaTKY VI cT. .no H. e. 6yna 3aaoi1oaaHa Mi)J.i€10, a 3 .npyroi noJIOBHHH VI cT. .no H. e. 6yna t:~aCTHHOIO )J.aBHbOnepcbKOI ,nep)f(aDH AxeMeHiJJ.iB. 3a I..{apH ApiapaTa (IV CT. .lJ.O H. e.) CTaJia He3aJIC)f(HOIO, Me HanpHKiHr.d Taro :>K CTOJiiTTH 6yna ni.a.KopeHa .nep)f(aBoiO CeneBKi.a.ia. 3Hoay 3,no6yna HeJaJie)f(HicTb, ane y 17 p. H. e. ocTaTO'tfHO 6yna Janoi1oaaHa PHMOM i CTaJia npoaiHUi€10 .l(aBHbOpHMCbKOi iMnepii, noTiM- BiJaHTii1cbK01 iMnepii. Y 1074 p. 6yn a Jaaoi1onaHa TYPKaMM-cenbJJ.)I()'KaMH, a 3 XV CT. ynii1rnna .no cKJia.ny OcMaHChKOi iMnepil. 'tiepKecu n 'Rmuzop?&i- Ma iOTbC.Sl Ha yaaJi peanbHi HapOJJ.H Tiinuit:~Horo KanKaJy. .l(ani (y VIII KHH3i) raaHbJHi nOMHJIKOBO BiJJ.HOCHTb ix )J.O TaTap. 3araJibHOIO Ha3DOIO « t:~epKeCH>> B JJ.)I(epeJiax Ha3HBaJIH BCiX aJJ.Hrin, HapO.AM niBHi"'H0-3aXiJJ.HOJ rpyn11 KaBKa3bKOI MOOHOI CiM'i (a)I.Hrei1L{i, Ka6apJJ.HHI..{i, t:~epKeCH).

u

c. IX inoie- MaiOTbC.a Ha yoaJi iH.nycH. ApmaKcepKc, Kompozo CeRme DuCb.Mo Jee CeHaxepi6- fmlHhiHi noMHJIHETbC.H, o6'€.UHYIO'tfH )J.Bi pi3Hi icTopH"'Hi oco611. TiepcbKHi1 uap ApTaKcepKc III nauyoas y 359- 338 pp• .li.O H. e., y 345 p . .no H. e. JanoiOuao €nmeT i <l>iHiKiiO. CeHaxHpHM - accHpii1chKHi1 I..{ap, HKIIH nanyaaa y 726-682 pp . .no H. e., a y 14 p. Ja naHynauHH IO,nei1CbKoro L{apH €3eKii BAepcH n lOJJ.CHCbKe L{apcTno, xoTin JaxonHTH €pycanHM ( 4 Uap. 18:14, 17; 19:8 Ta iH.). AA.eKcaHop Be.tluKuii- AlleKcaH,np MaKe,noHCbKHi1 (356-323 pp . .no H. e.)- I..{ap MaKe,noHi1 y 336-323 pp. )J.O H. e., nHJJ.anmi:i nom<onoJJ.CL{b, noJiiTH"'HI1H i .nep)f{anHI·n1 ,ni.SI'1, TnopeQb noTY)f(HOi iMnepii, .stKa npocT.strnac.SI ni.n EanKaH )J.O lH,nii. Y 332 p. ,no H. e. p.stJJ. oem1Kux MicT aiH HaJnan Ha cno10 t:~ecTb, 30KpeMa JacHouaHy HIIM )f(e Ha JaxiA ni.n rnpna Hiny NICKCaH,npiiO. Tiepe.nt:~acHo noMep y 33-pi'1HOMY niui, i1MonipHo, DHacni.noK oTpyEHHH. Horo iMnepin po3naJiaCH nO CM epTi AJieKCaHJJ.pa, i n OKpCMliX ii "laCTHHaX 3a naH}'DaJIH HOrO llOJIKOUOAUi, KOTpi CTnOp11lll1 BJiaCHi )J.HHaCTil. 32acuew.u iM R caepoM.amie, 6y;tu 'H.a:Jea'H.i eauoa.tl.aMU- rnaHbiHi nOMIIJIHEThC.st , BB3)f{al0t:I11, ~0 UaHJ],aJIH nOXO.AHTb Bill. capMaTiB.

834


KOMEHTAPI iM1zepamopa Km-tcnzaHtmuw Be.n,uK020 - co. KoHcTaHTMH I BemtKMH, iMnepaTop BiJaHTiiich· 324-337 pp. , Bi)J.OMHii HaCaMnepC.lJ. TWM, ~0 npwtimm xpHCTII.HHCTDO.

KOl iMnepil y

c. X CmUJLin:ow- CTulliKa <l>llanii1 (CTHJl ixmr) (611. 360-408)- oaHJ\aJI Ja noxo.u.:>KCHH.HM, roliOBHOKOMaH.nynal.l niikbK .D.aBHbOp11MChKoro iMnepaTopa <l>eo.uoci.H I, 3 n11eMiHHwue1o KO· Tporo O.D.ppK11BCH. Oo CMCpTi Cl>eO)l.OCi.R I y 395 p. 6yn pcrCHTOM HOBOrO iMnepaTopa [ouopi.H. Y 397 i 401 pp. po36110 necTroTin KopollH A.nap11xa. Tejn<)'.MCOBe MOjJe- fi6paJITapCbKa npOTOKa. n a nu CuKcma- CuKCT Ill- p11MCbKntt nana y 432- 440 pp. !Ocmu:niaH - lOcTHHiaH I- ni3aHTii1ChKMii iMnepaTop y 527-565 pp. Kopo.t/.Jl FUJLiMepa- relliMep - OCTaHHii1 KOpOllb naH)J.aJiin (530- 533) .

c. XI icmopwc Tlpo'K.onifl- npoKonii1 KecapiiicbK11H ( 490-562) - 1311.l(aTHI1H cepC.lJ.HbODil.IHHii rpe~bKHM icTopHK, ceKpeTap BelliJapi.H (500- 565 ), KOMaHJl.YBal.la oii1CbK niJaHTiiicbKOro iMnepaTopa IOCTHHiaHa. raaHbiHi Mir DHKOpHCTaTI1 TaKe 811)J.ai-IH.H rOJlODHOrO TDopy QbOrO iCTOpH-

Ka: De rebus Gothorum, Persorum ac Vandalorum libri VII (Basilaea, 1531). 1.tacmuua pOKcOJLauie ua 'liOJti Ji ceol..M BOJICOe.M XpyH:ttoM - TYT Henopo3yMiHH.H. EpeHH 6ya KO· polleM raJlJliB HanpHKiHui IV CT. HuKutjopa ma Muxal.aa KyponMama- HHKmpop I i MHxaiJl III- oi3aHTiikbKi iMnepaTopH Bi)J.llOB~HO y

802-811 i 856-867 pp.

o6uiJei Mi3ii·- MiJi.R:- .D.aDHbOpHMCbKa nposiHQi.R Ha nia.neHb oi.D. HmKHboro ,lJ,yHaiO, Mi)i(

p . .ll.piHOIO, qopHHM MopeM Ta baJlKaHCbKHMH ropaMI1. Bylla JacHonaHa nicJl.H ni.nKopeHH.H pHMJI.RHaMH <PpaKiHCbKHX filleMeH, HaCaMnepe.n MeJiB, y 29 p. ,l(O H. e. 3a naHyoaHHSI iMnepaTOpa ,lJ,oMiuiaHa (81-96) 6yJia no.D.iJieHa Ha .D.Bi l.laCTHHH: BepxHIO Mi3iiO ( oxonJJIOBaJla 3Hal.IHY qaCTI1H}' cyl.lacHoi Cep6ii) Ta HH)KHIO Mi3iiO, .HKa oxonliiOBaJla 3Ha'IHY l.laCTWH}' TepHTopii CYl.faCHHX MaKC.D.OHii Ta EoJlrapii. Y III CT. o6w.D.oi MiJii CTaJlw o6'eKTOM Hana)J.io roTia Ta iHwHx ruieMeH, niJHiwe onHHHJIHCSI ni.D. BJla)J.OIO Bi3aHTii1cbKoi iMnepii. Y VI-VII cT. MiJiSI 6yJla 3aBOHOBaHa CJJOD' .HHCbK11MH nJleMeHaMH. tfocu¢ -flocH<P <l>11asii1 (37-100)- eapei1cbKmi icTopuK aHTHl.IHoro l.lacy, SIKHH nucaa rpeUbKOIO MOBOIO, aBTOp KiJJbKOX Ba)KJIHBWX npaub 3 iCTOpii EBpeiB ni)J. pHMCbKWM naHyBaHHSIM. HacaMnepe.L\ CJJi.L\ ai.D.3Ha~mTH i:ioro npau10 «ilpo IO.D.ei:icbKY aii1Hy», ,l:\e no cai)f(HX apa)f(eHIHIX niH po3noais npo Jpyi:iuysaHHSI pHMJJ.R:HaMH €pycMuMa Ta aii1Hy puMJJSIH 3 IO)J.e..RMH. AaTo6iorpa<PiH <I>JiaBiH, uanHcaHa npH iMnepaTopi ,lJ,oMiuiaHi, e .nonosHeHHSIM 3ra)J.aHoi npaui. HaHBa)KJIHBiwHM TBopoM e «IO)J.eHcbKi .D.penHOCTi» y 20 KHurax. Y 1544 p. 6yJlo BH.L\pyf<YBaHo nepwe rpCQbKe DH)J.aHHSI TBOpiB <I>JlaDi..R, niJHillie 3'..R8111111Cj\ nepeKJla)J.H JlaTHHOIO, lll.O 6y1111 BHKOpHCTaHi raaHbiHi. 3oKpeMa, niH Mir BHKOpHCTaTW TaK}' ny6lliKaQiiO QbOfO TBOpy:

Flavius J. Historia de antiquitate et de bello Judaico.- Venetia, 1486. Pu¢ama, cuua ro~upoB020- Pu<PaT 6ya cnpan,l:\i CHHOM roMepa, CHHa HoSI (5yrrSI, 10:3). 3 roMepoM ,l:\e.HKi aHTHl.IHi 11 cepe.z:\Hbooiqui aaTopH non'H3YBaJIH noXO)J.)KeHHSI KiMMepii:iuia. (/Ji.Ain, 6am'b'KO A..tleKcauiJpa- <l>iJiin II- uap MaKe.uoHil y 259-336 pp. .li.O H. e., 6aTbKO AneKcaH.D.pa MaKe.noHCbKoro. 3aaol0san yce MaKe.D.OHChKO·<f>paKii:icbKe yJ6epe)K)I(jf. lliCJI..R nepeMorn ni.n Xepo~:~ee10 y 338 p . .L\O H. e. JaxonHn yc10 fpeuiio.

c. XII Mu, AlteKcauop... -

uaoe.neua rpaMOTa AneKcaH.npa MaKe,noHCbKoro e cepe.D.HhOBi'liHHM «f>aJibCH<f>iKaTOM. flpo ii i,l:\eOJiori'lHe 3Hal.leHHH tJ.HB.: Tlepeo.tt'b¢ H. H. CJiaa.srue. Mx aaaHMHbie OTHomeHHH H CB.H3H.- Bapwana, 1888.- T. 2. Ammi.Au- ATTiJJa (6Hl.l So)f(HH) - no)KJ].b ry~:~ia y 434-453 pp. Y 44 7 p. cnycTomHa Cxmuy PHMChK}' iMnepito, y 451 p . n.nepcSI a faJI11i10, y 452 p .- s ITalliiO, aaxonHB Mi11au Ta in. MicTa. noMep Bi,l:\ fiOWeCTi.

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KOMEHTAPI ,l(ioaop Cut&wtiuct>"uu- )J,io.nop Cm.u-tJiii1chKHi1 (6nH3hKO 90-21 pp• .no H. e.)- aHTH"'HHii icTOpHK, ynopSIJJ.HHK 40-TOMHOl «lcTOpH"'BOJ 6i6JiiOTeKH», HKa MiCTHJia OnHC icTopii )},anHbOI'O Cxo.ny, )J,anHbOi fpeQii, enniHiCTH"'HHX .nep)l(an Ta PHMY 3 .nanHix "'acis .no cepeAHHM I CT. AO H. e. 36eperJIHCH KHHrH 1-5, 11-20 i cpparMeHTH iHllJHX TOMin. nafft.JW20'HC'b'Ki 'H.apoou- 8 aHTH"'Hi "'aCH naqmaroHi€10 Ha311Ua.JIH o6naCTb Manoi Aaii Ha nio.a.eHHOMY y36epe)l()l(j '-IopHoro MOpH Mi)l( Bicpini€10, ranaTi€10 i DOHTOM. 0AHMM 3 HaH6iJJbllil1X MicT perioHy 6yn CI-mon. nacpnaroHiH 6yJia 3anoi1onaHa PHMCbKOIO iMnepi€10 ni.n qac 3-i MHTp11AaToooi niHHH (74-64 pp . .no H. e.) aHmU- CJIOU'HHCbKe Mi:>KnJJCMiHHe o6'€JJ.HaHHH, HKC JlOKaJii3ynanOOI Mi:>K ,li,HinpOM Ta )J,HicTpOM. nepllli 3ra;:J.KH npo aHTin JaqliKCOBaHO 8 mtCCMHHX .n:>Kepenax HanpHKiHQi IV CT. Ha JJ.YMK}' JJ.eHKHX icTopuKin, aHTaMH 6ym1 Hocil neHhKiucbKOi KYJibT}'pH. 6oC1LR'Ku- CJIOn'HHCbKe HaceneHHH EocHii, HKC ni3Hiwe, n poKH rype~bKoro HawecTH, npHlhUIJIO iCJJaM. 6ypzynou- cxiJJ.HOrepMaHCbKe nJJeM'H, HKe y 406 p. noceJIHJJOCH Ha ninoMy 6oQi p. Pei1H i CTBOpHno cno10 .nep)l(any ( 406-436), m.o 6yna 3HHIIJ,eHa pHMJJHHaMH Ta IJ'HaMH. ITicnH QbOro 6ypryHJlH 6yn11 noceneni Ae~i€M y Ca6ayJJ.il ( cy1.1acHa Casoi1H) Ha npanax <f>eJJ.epaTiB. TyT 3 457 p. ictrynana m.e OJJ.Ha lxHH JJ.ep)l(ana, KOTpa 6yna niaHillle y cKJia.ni HiMet.Jt.JHHH (3 1033 p.), a noTiM- y cKJia.ni <l>paHQil (3 1378 p.). Ot.tenn;:J.HO, 6ypryHJlH e TOTO)I(H~-tMH 3 «6ypraMH», m.o IX Ha3~-tBa€ rsaHbiHi .nem.o Hl-t)K"'C. EypryHJlH HC 6yJIH 6J1113bKHMH pOJJ.Ht.JaMM CJJOn'siHaM, HK 1..\C fiOMI-IJIKOBO BBaJKaB fsaHbiHi. zimmOHU- npaBI1JibHiwe- ryTOHM, CXi.lJ.HOrcpMaHCbKe OJICM'H, HKC, Ot.JCBM.ll.HO, npM6}'JIO 3i CKaH.lJ.HHanil i HKe ITToJieMei1 JIOKani3ye Ha npasoMy 6oQi BicnM. 3a DJJiHiEM CTaplllHM, nOHM yrnopiOBaJIH ni.u.rpyny naH,nanin- naH,AHJiiln. Di3Hiwe nepeccJIHJIHCR .lJ.O DinHit.JHoro DpHt.tOpHOMop'SI (BMbfPP(J.M, X. foTbi ...- C. 64-72 Ta iH.). ne~mizu- TIOPKOMOBH~-tH Hapo.n, RKMi1 Kot.Iynan y DinHit.IHOM)' flpMt.IOpHOMop'l y VIIIX CT., t.tacTo noiOnan npoTH KHIBCbKOI .nep)l(aBH. fli3Hiwe 6yn poarpoMJJeHMi1 Ta acaMinbonaHHH iHWUM TiopKOMOBHHM Hapo.noM - noJJODLUIMM. 6eccu- cppaKiikbKe nJJeM'H, HKe JIOKaJii3}'€TbCR Ha ninHi"'HI1X CXHJJax Po.nonCbKHX rip. Hanpm<iHui I cT. .no H. e. DHacJii.AOK Hcn.u.anol 6opoTb6n npoTH P~-tMCbKOI iMnepil 6yJJH 3MyIllCHi nepeceJIMTHCR Ha TepHTopiiO )J,o6py,n:>Ki, npu'lfopHOMopcbKOi 'lfaCTHHM cy'lfaCHHX PyMptil Ta Eonrapil. Dpo lx npHcyrHiCTb TYT 3ra.u.ye Oni.niif. Di.u. qac MirpaQil roTin Ha aaxi.u. MOI'JJH npOHTH fli.u.rip'H, aJIC npnnyiiJ,eHHH fnaHbiHi npo OOXO,A)I(CHHH Di.ll. HliX TOOOHiMa <<DC"'» DOKH IIJ,O HC ni.U.TDCp.D.:>KCHO. 6acmapHu- 6acTapHH (nenKiHH)- repMaHChKe nneM'H, S~Ke y cepe;:vmi III cT. icHynano pa30M 3 roTaMH Ha TepuTopii cyqanw'i nin.u.eHH0-3axi.u.Ho'i YKpa'iJ.m, Mo-'I.U.anil Ta PyMyHii, t.IHHMJIO Hana,nM Ha pHMChKi nponiuuil .llaKi.n, Me3iH, <l>paKisr. za.~~.iuou- ii.u.eTbcsr npo n.neM'H ronin;:J.in (romi.U.b), m.o HaceJJsr.nH: 3eMJIIO n Tipyccii 3axiP.Hiwe ni!.l o3ep MaMpH i CHHp/.lBH (Hinti- Ha TepuTopil niBHit.tHo-cxi.nHol nonbtlli). Y VIII CT. roniH.AH CTnopHnH roniHJ.lCbKHi1 nneMiHHm1 COI03, KY.U11 ynii1w.n11 TaKO)K 6apTI1 i1 caci1HH (Dzicje Warmii i Mazur w zarysie.- Warszawa, 1981.- T. 1.- S. 42). foniH.lJ.I1, oqenu.u.Ho, TOTO:>KHi 3ra.nynaHMM TYT )I(C fnaHhiHi irniouaM. I..J,e 6aJITCbKC nneM'n, HKe .n.in110 pa30M 3 roTaMH i ua not.IaTKY V cT. noceJIHJJOCH 3 HJ.IMH y nis,ueHHii1 fanni'i (<l)pauQil) (BoJtbifjpaJ\t X. fOThi. .. -C. 20, 337). 'KGjJ601iU, 'KajnJOmU- 04CBI-fJJ.H0, iiJJ.CThCH npo Kapnin- capMaTO-,AaKCbKC OJICM'n, HKC JIOKaJii3yBaJIOCH Ha 004aTKY HalllOI ep11 Ha TCpHTOpii niBHi~IH0-3aXi.ll.HOI'O TipMt.IOpHOMOp'SI . .lJ.o 257 p. 1mcrynanH paaoM i3 roTa.MH Ta.u.eHKH:MH iHWHMH nneMeHaMH, n T. ~1. 1'1 naH,AaJihCbKO-capMaTCbl<HMH, npOTH PHMCbKOi' iMnepi'i. floTiM KapnH ,AC,Aa.JJi 4aCTilllC KOHcplliKT)'IOTb iJ fOTal\111, Ha MC)I(i III-IV CT. BOHI1 nocena1.nHCR nin.neHHiwe .llyHaiO (BOilb~pp(Ut X. foTbi. .. - C. 20, 71-88). mujJcu... azamupcu- araT11pc11 (a6o IK Tnpc11) - cxi.nHocKi<}lcbKc nneM'SI, 3ra.nynaHe aHTH4HHMH aBTOpaMl1.

836


KOMEHTAPI aofJcu ... a.fttaKco6u ... CLMaiJoKu- aopcn (aopcw - aMaKco6il) - o.nne i3 capMaTCbKHX nneMeH, nepwy Jra.D.K)' npo 11Ke 3Haxo.nwMo y CTpa6oua. )J{J IJIH a npnKacnii1cuKii13oHi, y MC>Kwpi1.11.1i Bonrw Ta .ll.OH)', y II nonomiHi I CT. nepeKo•rynaJnt y Me>Kwpi'll'li.H )J,Hinpa Ta )J,HicTpa, cTnopwnw 3HattHe siikbKono-noniTnt.~ue o6'€.nuaHH.H- Aopci1o. 3 cepC.ll.HHI1 II CT. 6yn11 acm~;ti.nbonaHi aJJaHaMK a'lj,u6u- MO>KJIImo, ii.neThOI npo accio- cnopi.nHeHc 3 roTaMH nncM'H. oi6ionu- MO)K)IHDO, ft.neTbC.H npo nc3i.in (ni3in) - repMaHCbKe nneM'.H, o.nna 3 rpyn (3axi.nna) fOTiD, MaJIO Ha3B}' <<TepniHd- 11C3i» (Bo.m,gipav\t X. fOTbl ..• - C. 42-44). a.JWHU- o.une 3 Hai1ni.nor.tiumx capMaTCbK11X yrpynouam,. Bnepwe 3ra,u.yroTl>CR B .U>Kepe11ax y I CT. y II nOJIOBIIHi I CT. 0'-IOJ111JI11 aopChKe yrpynonaiiii.Si , .HKC ncpcKO'I}'DaJIO B ninHitiHC npn'-IOpHOMop 'R. 3 cep. II cT. HaJna «aJJaHII» noumpwnacn Ha oci capMaTCbKi nneMeua. Bpanw )"llaCTb y niiiHax: npont PwMCLI<OI iMnepil II-HI cT., o T. '-1. pa3oM i3 roTaMH. Y 375 p. 6ynw po3611Ti ryHaMH, nKJIJO'liCHi .no lxHix nneMCH, 6p,vm )"llaCTb y noxo.nax ryBiB Ha 3axi.uHy €npony, '-laCTKoso ocin11 y <l>patu~il Ta IcnaHii. Ha .ll.)'MK)' ,ll,CHKHX auTopin, noHI1 € npe.uKaMI1 oceTHH. Z)'ltu- 3ri.uHo 3 Hai1noumpeHilllOIO TO'-IKOIO 3opy. rpm € Hapo.noM, yrnopeHHM y II-IV cT. BHaCJii.l(OK 3MilllynaHHR TIOpKOMOBHI1X ( «X)'HIIY», .HKi y 155-160 pp. 11p116)'JII1 3 )],:>KyHrapii) Ta yrpoMOBHI1X OJICMCH npli)'PaJIJJ.Si Ta nonOJJ>K11. y 70-x pp. IV CT. DOHI1 P)'lll11J111 Ha Jaxi.n i po3611JI11 roTCbK)' .nep>Kany EpMaHapHxa (375 ), 3 377 p. 3an.nan11 nOT)')l(HJ1X y.napin .ll.anHbOpMMCbKiii iMnepif. KyJibMiHaUiHH11M MOMCHT B icTopii ,ll.Cp)l<aDH ryHiB HaCTaB ni.n 'llaC npaBJiiHHH uap11 ATTiJIM (.lJ.11B. KOMCHT.lJ.O c. XII nepe.nMOBM}. nicJJ.H HOro CMepTi y 453 P· ryHCbKa .ncp)l(aBa po3naJiaC11, ryHM 6ym1 nocrynono BMHH~eHi a6o acHMiJibonaHi, lxHi pelllTKM B3.HJII1 yttaCTb yeTHOreHe3i ttysacbKOro Hapo.n~ Macazemu - 36ipHa Ha3Da rpyn11 nJJCMCH 3aKacnifO Ta np11apaJIJ111 }' TBOpax ,lJ.aBHbOrpeUbKJ1X asTopis. O.n.Hi nwno.nHTb cnono «MacareTt1» 3i CJJin «Maca», «CaKa» i «Ta>>, mo 03Ha'lla€ «BCJIMKa caKcbKa (cKi<f?cbKa) op.na>>. IHllli nsa>KaJOTb, moue cnoao 03Ha'l.la€ «Ma3a-rent>>, T06To «BeJIHKi reTM>>. 3a .naHMMH fepo.noTa, MacareTH 6ynw KO'llinHwKaMw, y 6opoTb6i npoTw HHX Janmys JaCHOBHHK.nep>Kasw AxeMeHi,uin (IpaHy) uap Kip, nepeMo>KeHwi1 uapm.{eJO MacareTia ToMipic. zemis- reTM- ,naB HE HaceJieHHH H11)1(Hboro Tio.nyHan '11. qepe3 no.ni6HiCTb Haas ix qacTo llJl)'TaJII1 3 fOTaMR aHTM'liHi ll cepe,AHbOBi'Y:Hi aBTOp11.

c. XIII

Jlsaua, a nomi.M. 5eJLicca- Ei6ni11 Jra.zi.y€ npo Te,

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3BaBc11.HBaH, y KOTporo, y caoJO 1.1epry, 6yn11 CHHH: E.nillla (Eenicca.- 10. M .) i TaplllHlll, KwTTH i )],oHaH. Bi.n HHX (T06TO CHHiB RaaHa) «BiMiJII1JI11C11 OCTpOBH Hapo.nis y IXHiX Kprurx KO>KHHH 3a MOBOIO CB0€10, 3a CDOIMM po.naMH» (oyrrH, 10:2, 3). Tioa'113aHHH HOrO 3 capMaTaMI1, rpeKaMH i CJJOBaKaMH 6C31li,lJ.CTaBHi. A.tl.R.Mic Mas cu'Ha Bauoa.JZa- ~11 reHeaJiori11 € nereH,napHoro. Mo)I())HBO, 3 HeJO nepennen11c11 6inbW-MCHlll .nocTonipHi ,naHi reHeanorittHoro .nepesa roTCbKoro po.ny AMaJiiB, 3 11Koro noxo.nws roTchKHH KopoJib Teo.nop11x Benmmif (noMep y 526 p.). 0T>Ke, si.n iforo npe,nKa AMaJia (6aTbKa AMaJiiB), KOTp11H y CBOIO 1.1epry Hi6HTO 6ys CHHOM Asrica (Asirica), OH}'KOM fyMaJia (XyJIMyJia, X}'Milla) (6aTbKa .naHin) Ta npaBH)'KOM rayra (fanTa) (6aThKa rayrin), HapO,ll.HBCH CHH O.zcyyJib<f?, 11K11ii 6ys npanpa.ni.noM BaH.naJiapiH ( nepeMO>Kl\11 saH.naJiiB), .ni.na Teo.nopuxa BeJiwKoro (BOJL'bfPPaM, X. fOTbl ••• - C. 526-527). Kamy6CbXUMU- Kallly6H - 3aXi,lJ.HOOOMOpCbKa CJIOB 'HHCbKa HapOAHicTb, ~0 npO)I(J1BaE Ha niBHO'lli cyt~aCHOI llOJibi.Ui. oiJibWiCTb ,ll.OCJJi,nHHKiB BBa)l(atOTb Kallly6iB CTHi'IHOIO rpy· 0010 OOJI11KIB. EAoniJyc- BJIOH.A}'C <l>Jiasiif (1392-1463)- o enoxy iTa.niiicbKoro PeHecaHcy BHB'Iao icTopiio .naoHix qacio. Horo nepy HaJie)l(aTb pHMCbKa icTopht BiA qacin 3asorosaHHH P11M)' Anap11· xoM a 410 p. ( «Historiarum Romani imperii decades III»), Tonorpaq>iH PHMa ( «Roma instauram,.), Tonorpaq>ii aHTM'IHoi i cepeJJ.HbOBi'IHOi ITanii ( teltalia illustrata» ), a TaKO)I( TBOpH npo pHMCbKi crapo>KMTHOCTi «Roma triumphalis»,

837


KOMEHTAPI c. XIV AjJKaiJiR i rouopiR- ApKa,T.liM I - iMnepaTop Cxi.u,HOPHMChKOJ iMnepii (BiJaHTii) y 395408 pp.; foHopii1:- ir.mepaTop 3axi.u,HopHMCbKOr iMnepil y 395-423 pp. HopiJaH. J/Ce A.MH.yc- Hop.u,aH- rOTCbKHH iCTOpHK VI CT. y cuori1 npaui <<feTHK3» HopttaH BHKJiaB icTopiio roTio, not.JJmaJOt.Jn oi.u. ixHhoro nepeceJieHH.H Ji CKaHJtHHanii .u.o niiiHH ocTroTin npOTH BiJaHTii B cep. VI CT. fnaHbi.Hi Mir OHKOpHCT3TH TaKe BHJt3HHH i1oro TBopy: «De origine actibusque Getarum» ( 1515). ce. rpuzopiU, nepu.wu 3 'lJU.M U.te1U!,4t ~fC'b'KUU EnlLC?COn- rpHropii1: I - pHMCbKJiM nana y 590614 pp. xapMu- ot.~eoH,D.HO, TYT MaJOThC.R Ha yoa3i Kapmf - capMaTo-.naKChKC nneM'R. icmpu- Mona i1tte, ot.~eBH.lJ.HO, npo nJieMeHa, mo HaceJinJIH lcTpiJO (lcTpii1chKHi1 nioocTpia)- cyt.JacHe npHKop.u.oHH.R C11onenil, XopoaTii Ta ITanii. lHUJI1il TonoHiM (lcTpi.R) cpiKCY€TbCH B TOM '-laC Ha niBHi4H0-3aXi.lJ.HOMY p6epe)fOKi 'YopHOfO MOpH. pa?JU- y l~hOM}' mmattKY iitteThCH, 0'-ICBH.lJ.HO, npo 6aJIKaHCbKe nJieM'n, 3CM}Ii .RKoro ni3Hime 3aWHHJIH cep6H (iotyoaJia o cepeJtHbODit.Jt.~i ttep>Kaoa PamKa). mmupiuyi- HaceJieHHH lllTnpii - Kpahm Ha npHKop.noHHi cyt.~aCHHX AocTpii Ta CJioaeHii. C(J. €poH.i.M- CB . €poHiM (Mi>K 340-350-420) - OJtliH 3 DeJIHKHX tti.Sl'-lin XpHCTH.SlHCTBa, D11,ZJ.aTHHM 6orocnoa, npHSITeJib p11MCbKOro nanH ,llaMaciH I, noxottHB 3M. CTpnttoHa y ,llaJIMauii. fnaHbiHi npHn}'CK3€TbC.Sl HeTO'-IHOCTi, DB3>K310'-IH, IUO CB. €pOHiM flOXOJti1B 3i IllTwpii. nanuJ(aMaca- ,ll.aMacii1 I - pHMCbKHW nana y 366- 384 pp. rpayiaH.a i <PeoiJocift- fpauiaH- pHMChKH11 iMnepaTop y 367-383 pp. c:t>eo.nocii1 I BemfKH11- iMnepaTop 3axi.D.HOp11MChKOI iMnepii }' 379-395 pp.

c. XV Kupuao- o~reDH.li.HO, Mona i1tte npo en. K1-tp11Jia (315-386)- EnHcKona €pycaJIHMChKoro, BHJt3THOrO 60rOCJI0133.

IOJLiaH.a BiocmynH.wca - I011iaH BittC1)'nHIH<- pHMCbKm1 iMnepaTop y 355-363 pp., 3ttii1CHHB HeB)l.aJI}' cnpo6y 3anpOD3)l.lfTH H311'-IHHQTBO .SlK JtCp)I{3BH}' peJiiriJO. MumpuoamOM- MHTpw.n.aT VI €nnaTop- uap noHTiiiCbKOl .n.ep>KaBH y 121-163 pp . .n.o H. e. 3a i1oro naHynaHHH noHTiiicbKe uapcTno .n.ocSirJio Haif6iJibWoi MoryTIWCTi. BoHo oxonJIJOnaJJo Tep11Topi1o MaJiol AJii, roJionHHM 411HOM Kanna;J.oKii, Cxi.n.Horo Ta niauiqHoro npHt.~opHoMop 'SI . .ll,Bit.~i nocHJiaB niikhKa tto KpHMy, mo6 nepemKo.u,aTu CKiq.>ebKOMY uapCTBY aaxonHTM Xepcouec. 3aaHaBLUH Tn>KI<O"i nopa3K11 si.n. puMChKHx uiilcbK, noKiH4HD >KHTTH caMory6cTBOM y naHTHKanel (cyt.~aCIIC M. Kep'-1). Ooioiu H(LJOU- ny6JJii1 Oui,Qiii Ha30H (43 P· JtO H. e.- 18 P· H. e.) -lllt,AaTHIIii .n.aDHbOpHMCbKMH noeT. Y 8 p. H. e. 6yB 3aCJJaHHi1 iMnepaTopoM ABrycTOM .n.o M. ToMH (C}''-IacHa KoHcTaHua B PyMyHi"i), tte i noMep. Y uei1 ocTaunii1 ncpiott cno€1 TBop~wcTi Hanitcao «TpicTii••, <<OocJiaHH.R 3 noHT}'» ( <<Epistolae ex PontO>>) Ta iH., y KOTpllx 3Ha4HY }'1131)' npH.AiJIIIB 01111COBi niuHi4HD3axi.n.Horo npH~opH oMop'SI Ta Micu,em1x Hapottin, U.(O i1oro HaceJIHJIH. OttHaK cnpo611 non'H3aTM ttaHi OnittiSI 3 Hapo.AaMH Cxittnol €uponu, mo )J<J1JIIJ y ni3Himy cnoxy, RK y DJmattKY 3 <<H3Hr3MH» a6o RTDSiraMM, y ruaHbiHi ~laCTO 6yJIM HeB.AaJIHMI1 . .ll,JIH foaHhiHi ·ruop~ OsittiSI 6ylll-t 4 11 He HaiianTopHTeTHilllHM tt>KepenoM nicJIH Ei611ii, niH JHaxottim TaM, HK ifoMy 3.n.ananoC.Sl, KJII0'-1, Ut0 DittKpHnan Ta€MHHQIO KO'-IiBH11KiD OinHi'-IHOrO np1140pHOMOp'.H D3arani, HaCaMnepe.n TaTap. fnaHhiHi Mir DMKopHCTaTH TaKi DHJJ.aHHSI Tnopin OniJJ.in: <<Libri de Ponto»

(Venctis, 1507), «Metamorphoses» (Venetis, 1509). iJoMa'KCUM.a- WI eJieriH Oni.nin 6yJia3nepHeuattottatmbopuMCbKoro oparopa i noJiintt.~uoro l~iS~t.~a

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838


KOMEHTAPI (lloiJoczmoo A. B. Omt.D.HH u Tipw-IepHOMOpbe: onbtT HCT04111tKone,A4eCI<Oro amt!IH3a no3TI14eCKoro TeKCTa I I .llpenHelnuue rocy.z{apcTna Ha Teppt·nopm>~ CCCP. 1983.- M., 1984.- C. 67). c. XVI cmpiA AeJmwoux- ,ll,euiMyc AB30Hiil Mamyc (31 0-395) - ,AaUHbOpt1MChi<Hi'I nocT, HKHii yCJiaBI1BCH, 30KpeMa, nK auTop rocTp11x enirpaM.

l..JacTHHa II c. I. CuziJM)"UiJa III- CHri3M)'H.A III 3 .l{HHaCTii BaJa- KOpOJih Peqi nocnOJIHTOI y 1587-

1632 pp. Jlex I- JiereH~apHHH npan11TeJib TIOJibll{i, KOTpHi1

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6n. 925 p. 3a Tpa~l1-

l..(iEIO ssa)f(a€TbCH nepw11M npasHTeJieM TIOJibCbKoi ,l{ep)f(aDH. fsaHbiHi nepenosi,Aa€ TyT Bi.l{OM)' cepe.l{HbODi'-IH)' JiereH,A)' npo .!{BOX 6paTiB - l..Jexa i Jlexa, Bi,A .HKI1X niWJII1 Bi.l{nOBi.l{HO 'ICXI1 Ta JI.HXH (nOJIHKH). Tii.l{ Ha3UOIO JICXiB Ta JieXiTiB nOJIHKI1 ¢iryp)'10Tb )'»<C B cepe,AHbOBi'-lHHX nOJibCbK11X xpoHiKax XIII CT.: Tuopi BiH~eHTiH Ka.AJiy 6Ka Ta «BenHKOnOJibCbKiii xpoHiUi». ,ll.11n.: «Bent-~Ka.H xpoHHKa» o TIOJibWC, Pyc11 1111x coce.l{.HX XI-XIII sa.- M. , 1987. Y .l{eHKHX sapiaHTax ~iel nereH.l{l1 Jra.AyETbOI i1 TpeTii1 6paT - Pyc, si.l{ KOTporo Hi6HTO nill1JII1 pyom11 (yKpaiHui) (,li,Hn. : <l>AopoocK.uu A. B. '-Iex11 11 nocTO'-IHbie cJiaB.siHe.- Tipara, 1935.- T. 1). Tio.l{aJibWHH: DI1KJia.l{ no.l{ii1 3 icTopii TioJibu..d 6a3)'€TbCH nepeoa)f(HO Ha cepe.l{HbOBi'-IHHX JiereH~ax, KOTpi 3a¢iKCOBaHi )' TBOpax nonepe.l{HHKiB foaHbiHi- xpOHiKax ..HHa ,llnyrollla, MapuiHa KpoMepa, MapuiHa Ta tioaxt-~Ma o€JibCbKHX Ta iH. ,li,Hs.: Bielski M. Kronika Polska.- Krakow, 1597.- S. 21- 94. 3Ha'IH)' no.u.i6HiCTb, HK He pa3 Ja3Hal.laJIOCH .u.ocni.l{HI1KaMH, MaiOTb Mi»< co6o10 xpoHiKa fsaHbiHi i xpoHiKa M. CTpldiKOBCbKoro (KeHirc6epr, 1582; OCTaHH€ BH,AaHH.H: Stryjkowski M. Kronika polska, litewska, zmudzka i wszystkiej Rusi.Warszawa, 1846.- T. 1-2) a Tiii '-laCTHHi, ,Ae BI1KJia.l{a€ThCH icTopiH BJiacHe TioJihJ.Ui H: JIHTBH. 0.l{HaK Ha UHX napaJieJIHX i3 xpOHiKOIO CTpHMKOBCbKOrO MH He 6y,AeMO 3)'011H.HTHC.Sl, OCKiJibKI1 He BHKJIIOl.leHO, J.UO ,!{aHa '-laCTHHa TBOp)' fBaHbiHi 6a3)'BaJiaCH CaMe Ha HiM, Ha II p)'KOfii1CHOM)' sapiaHTi.

c.2 IA.!tipii.-l.nJiipin- niBHi1.£H0-3axi.l{Ha qacnma EanKaHChKOro nisocTposa, JIKa OMHBa€TbCJI BO,AaMM A.l{piaTH'IHOrO MOpH, BXOA11Tb HMHi AO CKJia.l{y XopBaTii. Tpt-~BaJI11M 'laC 6yJia npoBiHI..(i€10 ,l{aBHbOpMMCbKOI iMnepil, BXO.l{HJia ,AO CKJia.l{)' OAHiEi 3 II nponiHI..(iM - ,li,aJIMal..(ii.

c.4 PyziCIO- MaETbCH Ha yaaJi o. P10reH 6iJIH Jaxi.a.Horo yJ6epe)IOK.H EanTHkhKOro Mopn (H11Hi- y CKJia.l{i HiMe'-l'-IHHM).

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839


KOMEHTAPI c. 8 BaeeJ£1>- narop6 Ha 6epe3i BicJJH, Ha SIKOMY CTOiTb KopoJJinchKHii 3aMoK BaneJJb y KpaKOBi.

c.IO 6axmpiuv,i C/ZQ6AAm'b C8010 Ce.Mipa.Midy- oaKTpiH:I.li- .>KI1Teni BaKTpii- JJ:Cp>KaBM 8 o6nacTi I>aKTpiaHa (nepxHSI Te"liSI AMyJJ:ap'i, Ha TepuTopii cyqacHoro TypKMeHicTaHy i1 Y36eKHCTaHy), SIKa iCH}'BaJJa B.>Ke }' nepmHi noJJOntiHi I TI1CSI40JiiTTSI AO H. e. Y VI-IV CT. AO H. e. BXOA11Jia AO CKJJaAY Aep.>KaBI1 AxcMeHiAin, niAKopeHoi AJJeKcaHApOM MaKCAOHCbK11M, nicJJSI po3naAY uoro iMnepii cTaHom1JJa RApo fpcKo-oaKTpiiicbKoro uapcTna (on. 250-130 pp. JJ:O H. e.). ,l(oJJSI BaKTpil cnopiAHeHa 3 AOJieJO IIapcpii, npo SIKY HM>Kt.Ie 3raJJ;ye fnaHbiHi. IIapcpiSI- KpaiHa, HaCeJieHa ipaHOMODHI1MI1 nJJeMeHaMI1, lll.O JJe.>KI1Tb Ha niBACHIUIH CXiA DiA KacniHCbKOrO MOpSI. CaKH, SIKi poarpoMMJJI1 fpeKo-EaKTpiikbKY JJ;ep>Kauy, HanpnKiHui II CT. AO H. e. 3aHHSIJJH nioHi"'Hi o6nacTi napq>ii. BoHH cTnop~-tJJM T}'T JJ:ep>Kany, aJie noTiM 6yJI~-t acnMiJJhOnaHi KopiHHHM HaceneHHSIM. IIepuntM npani1TeJieM nap<JmHCbKOro uapcTna, SIKe icHynaJio 3 6n. 250 p. AO H. e. AO 20-x pp. III cT. H. e., 6yn AprnaK, poAOHat.IaJibHHK JJ:I1HacTii AprnaKiAin. IIiA qac nii1H iJ CeJienKiAaMu IIapcpSIHCbKc uapcTno Hanp11KiHui II CT. .u,o H. e. nepeTnopnJJOCSI Ha nory>KHY Aep>Kany, lll.O BMicTuJJa n cnoix Kop.u,oHax MeconoTaMiJO i Man>Ke nech lpaH. 3 nepcMiHHHM ycnixoM IIapcpSIHCbKe l.lapcTBO nponaAMJIO Tp11naJJi >KopcToKi niH:HH 3 PI1MOM (I CT. AO H. e.- II CT. H. e.), .l{OKM y 220-x pp. H. e. He 3ant:Hyno niA y.l{apaMI1 nepcbKOi iMnepii CacaHi.l{iB. Ce.Mipwtioa- MaETbCSI Ha ynaai CeMipaMi.l{a (IllaMMypaMaT) - acc11pii1cbKa uapHUSI, .l{py>KI1Ha uapSI IllaMill11aAaAa Vi MaTH A.l{aJJ:Hipapi III, pereHTrna niA 1.1ac MaJJOJiiTcTna ocTaHHhoro }' 810-806 pp. AO H. e. 3 II iMeHCM non'Sl3aHe OAHC i3 Cel\m "l}'ACC CBiT}' - «BMCSI"li CaAH». rnaHbiHi HenpanoMipHo non'Sl3}'€ CeMipaMiAy 3 fiaKTpi€10. ToMipu- MaEThCSI Ha yaaai ToMipic, uapHUSI nereHAapHnx aMaaoHoK, HacnpanAi >K uapnUH MacareTiB, SIKi .>KI1JI11 B J];aBHHH}' Ha 6eperax KacniHCbKOrO MOpS!; npoCJiaBI1JlaCb nepeMoroJO HaJJ: uapeM lpaHy KipoM I AxeMeHi.u,oM y 529 p . .u,o H. e. fnaHbiHi, ncni.u, aa M. BeJibCbKHM, He 30BCiM KOpeKTHO non'Sl3}'€ II Ji CKicpaM11.

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c.l2 nwe.MUCJZao, a6o Jlewxo I - UJI H nOJ];aJihlUi poanoui.z:r.i npo JlewKa II, JleUIKa Ill, IIoneJJ.R I, IIoncJIH II oyJIH CTnopcHi fnaHbtHi 3 nm<Opi1CTaHH.RM xpoHiKH Map~iua KpoMepa «De origine et rebus gestis Polonorum libri XXX» (Basylca, 1555, 1558, 1568). HaMn3po6neHO.D.aJii nocunaHHSI Ha HayKooe 811/laHHH UbOro Tnopy: Kromer M. Polonia . . . ; Kronika polska Marcina Kromera.Sanok, 1857 (JlaJii- Kpo.~otep M. XpoHiKa ... ).- S. 52-78). Eyn11 BHKopncTaHi TaKo:>K AaHi «XpoHiKH IIoJib~i·· (1597) 6aThKa i1 CHHa (MapuiHa Ta Hoaxi1Ma) B€nr.cbKIIX. OcKiJibKII U.R xpoHiKa no6aYHJia cniT TiJihKH niA iMeHCM O€JihChKOro-cTapworo, TO MH 6yAcMo HaJJ1BaTI1 II xpoHiKOJO M. EEJihChKOro, SIK I.(e po6HTh fnai-IhiHi. IIocHJiaHHSI HaMH apo6neHi nepeaa:>KHO Ha Hayi<onc DliAaHHSI uiei xpouiKI1: Kronika Marcina Bielskiego.- Sanok, 1856.- T. 1-3. 3raJJ;aui .u.oa Tn0p11 oaJ}'JOThCSI }' )l.alliH t.IaCTHHi Ha )J,C11KI1X nOJibCbKI1X cepeAHbOBi4Hl1X xpOHiKaX, y nepwy Yepry B. Ka;J.Jiy6Ka Ta BeJIHKonOJJbCbl<iii. 3oKpeMa, 1\}'.>KC no.z:r.i6HHMI1 € iMena cnnin JlewKa Ill,

840


KOMEHTAPI lUO lx HallO.,UUTb rnaHbiHi, i Ti, 11{0 no..uae BCJli1KOnOJibCbKa xpoHiKa. )llm.: <<I3CJll1KaH xpOH11Ka» 0 noJiblliC, Pycan IIX COCC,U.HX XI-XIII DB.- M., 1987.- c. 61; Banaszkiewicz s. Polskie dzieje bajcczne mistrza Wincentego KadJubka.- WrocJaw, 1998; Mistrz Wincenty (tzw. Kadlubek). Kronika Polska.- Wrodaw- Warszawa- Krakow.- 1992.

c.l4 phm fljJaihtW<a- Ma€ThC.H ua }'Ba3i p. nonpa.zt- npaua npiiTOI<a p. )I.yua€l{b, .HKa Bn<VJ.aE B OCTaHHil'1 oiJI.H Honoro CoH~a Ha J1eMKiBlUl1Hi. .llyuact.{h }' CBOIO 4epry E npauoro npHTOKOIO Bicmt.

c.16 BeH.epy- BeHepa- 6onmH KOxattHH y .ztatmhop11MChKii1 Miq>oJiorii. AxiMa- AxiJIJI (AxiJIJiec)- repoii .,uanuborpcl{bKOi Mi<f>oJiorii, noeMu foMepa «IJiia.,ua». CuH neJie.H, l{ap.H <l>eccaJiil, Ta HiMcp11 <l>cTi.l{H, Dl1XOBaHCI~b KCHTanpa XipoHa. i.Mnepamop Kap.a- KapJI BeJIHKHill- npaunTeJib <l>paHI<CbKOi JT.ep>KanH, mo naHysas y 768814 pp. i BiB 3arap6Hl1l{bKi nii1HI1 npOTI1 3aXi,UHI1X CJIOB'.HH. cop6a.Mu (Serbami)- MatOTbCH Ha yna3i JI}'>KHUbKi cep611 (cop611), HKi ill HI1Hi npo>KHBaiOTb Ha TepHTopii Cxi.,uHoi HiMeqqf1Hl1. llaJI.JlaiJi- Ma€Tbc.n Ha ysa3i AcpiHa (naJIJia.,ua) - 6orHHH M}'.UpocTi .uasHhorpel{bKOro naHTCOH)', .D.OqKa 3esca.

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c.19 CapiJa'HanQ./1,- OCTaHHiii accHpiikbKHH Qap (VII CT. ,li.O H. e.), iM'H HKOrO CTaJIO 3araJihHI1M )VIH 03Ha"'CHH.si po36ClUCHOrO MO>KHOBJ13.Al{H- Jif06HTCJI.R BHTQHqCHOI p03KOllli.

c. 20 JboiJoi?Ca- Ma€TbCH Ha ysa3i noJihCbKHH Ta yropchKI.fill KOpOJib JIIO.uniK )i()'HChKHH, lUO naHyaan y noJlhlUi y 1370-1382 PP·

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c.25 Ha }'BaJi 3eMOMI.fCJI (CeMOBHT)- npaBMTCJib noJib~i y 925-960 pp. MEw.?Co- M€WI<O (Me'lJHCJias) I- npasHTCJib lloJihiid y 960-992 pp. CaMe ni,A 'lac HOro naH}'BaHHH y 966 P· 6yJio npHHH.RTO xpl.fCTI.fHHCTBO HK .a.ep)J(aBHa peJiirist noJib~i. QH H no.z:taJihwi poanoni.n.i npo MewKa I, EoJiec.nasa I, MewKa II, Ka3HMI.fpa I, EoneCJJaaa II, mo 6y.nu CTBopeHi faaHhiHi HacaMnepe.n Ha ni.a.cTaai xpoHiK KpoMepa Ta DEJibCbKoro, MaJOT& y csoiif ocHoai .n.aHi a BeJII.fKOnOJibCbi<oi xpoHiKI.f. CeM0.MUCAa8- MaETbCH

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I- Qe ,li,y6ponKa (noMepna y 977 p.).

MEW.?Co•.. 6)18 oxfJeu&muu p01cy..• 965- Hacnpao.Ai

LVI noJJ.iH np11nana Ha 966 p .

llAymoHa- lln)'TOH- y rpeQbKii% Mi<fJonoril OJJ.He 3 iMeH 6ora- nono,AapH J~apcTna MepTBHX -Ai,Aa.

Uepepy- Uepepa- 6onmH npo:>KaiO y ,AaDHbopHMCI>Kii% Mi<fJonoril. J(iaHy- )liana- }' ,AaDHbOpliMCbKiH MiqJOJJOrii 6orHHH ,AiTOHapOJJ.:>KCHHH, MHCJIHBCTBa, nOKpOBHTCJibKa 3Bipin.

c.27 Kacmopa 3 llOJI.Jl)'KCO.M- aa AaBHI>OrpeQbKOIO MiclJonorieiO, 6paTH-6JIH3HIOK11 KacTop i OonnyKc, HKHX HaJHBaiOTb w.e ,li,iocKypaMH, 6pan11 yqacTb y no.Aopo>Ki aproHauTin. 3ri.n.Ho 3 Mi<f>oM, 3euc nicmtlxHhoi cMepTi noMicnm ix HK cyaip'st Ha He6i. Ui 6paTu BBa:>KaJIMCH noKpostneJJHMH MOpHKiB. npoeiouoi· 'Heoi.Jr.i- Oponi,AHa HeJJ,iJJH (AHTM-nacxa, <l>oMMHa HeJJ,inst) - HacrynHa HC.AVI$1 niCJJ$1 BenMKO.D.HH. oo ce. IoaH'Ha XpecmumeJl,f/..- MaETbCH Ha ysaJi CU$1TO PiJJJ,na co. IoaHHa XpecTMTenH , $IKe np11naJJ,a€ Ha 24 qepBHH Ja CTap11M CTI1JieM, a Ja HOBJ.iM }'XVII CT. BOHO npnnaJJ,aJIO Ha

4 Jll1llHH. EOJLeCJtaB- Eonecnan I Xopo6pm1 - npanuTeJII> OoJihW.i y 992-1025 pp., nepnml'i nonbCbKHH KOp011b, 6yn KOpOHOBaH11H y fHEJHi }' } 025 p. D}'B TecTeM BeJIJ.iKOro KHH3H KHIBCbKOrO CB$1TOllOJIKa 0KaHHHoro i, JJ,onoMarai01.J11 iioMy y sii1Hi npoTu 6paTa - .HpocJiana My.u.poro, B3HB 1018 p. K11IB. y KH. III xpoHiKH rsaHbiHi npH 3faJJ,L(i npo HbOfO € L(iHHa 3BicTKa npo Te, w.o y XVI - Ha no"l. XVII CT. y rOJIOBHOMY KOCTbOJii M. fHEJHa - uatf.u.asuimoi CTOJIMQi no.nbud- 36epiraJIHCH HKiCb Tpoc~Jei, JaxonJieHi BonecJJaBOM I nicJIH ni.n.cryny 3 KI-1€Ba .n.o DoJJbUJ.i. UiKaBHM E }'T0'4HeHHH rnaHbiHi, 1.1.{0 CDO€ npi3BHCbKO DOJiecnan I OTpHMaB BiA pyCI1Hin-yKpaiHL(iB.

eccu- MaETbCH Ha ynaJi, 0'4eDI1JJ.HO, fe3a I, w.o naHynan y 970-997 PP· O.n.HaK HayKOBL(i naa:>KaiOTb, w.o MernKo I B3HB y ApyroMy run106i He i1oro JJ.OHbKY IO.nin, a OJJ.y, JJ.OHbK}' MapKrpa¢a ,li,iTpixa, ni.n. HKoi Man .nnox CMHin (Giejsztor A. Mieszko I. // Poczet kr616w i ksiltZltt polskich.- Warszawa, 1978.- S. 22). OJJ.y Ta ii cmrin BHrHan 3 Kpai"HI1 EonecJian I. Mo)f{)JHDO, fnaHhiHi nOMMJJHBCH TaKo:>K qepe3 Te, u~o nepennyrau M€mKa ITa MemKa II. CaMe ocTaHHii1 OJJ.py>KHBCH y 1013 p. 3 P&1KCOIO, AOHL>KOJO JJOTap11H3bKOro na.JiaTI1Ha EL\ll.O Ta cecTpH iMnepaTOpa 0TTOHa II MaTHJJh/J.l1.

c.28 AJlxiiJa- M0)f(}]l1BO, T}'T CJti/.1. MaTH Ha yna3i AJIKiuiaJJ,a ( 450- 404 pp. JJ,O H. e.) - BH.D,aTHOfO a<IJiHChKoro noniTHquoro JJ.i11'4a, nonKonO/.I.LlH, yq11n Cor<paTa.

c.29 Ommoua- 0TTOH (OTTO) I BcnHKHH- Koponb HiMC"l"lHHll y 936- 793 pp., iMnepaTop <<CBHI.L{eHHOI PI1MCbKOI iMnepii» 3 962 p . Co. Bou1f,eX- cu. BOI1ll.ex - npa3bKHi1 apxi€nHcKon, y 996 p., noncpTaiO"lMCb 3 PHMa, BTiK J],O DOJiblll,i, OCKiJII>Kl1 B l..Jexil 6yJIH B611Ti 1.JJICHI-I HOfO p0/.1.11Hl1. Y 997 p. B11p}'llli1B HK MicioHep .u.o Dpyccil, .u.e aarHHyu. Moro TiJio lioJiecJian I BHKynHu Ha nary 30JJOTa. Y 998 p. KaHOHi30BaHHH.

842


KOMEHTAPI pi14'K)' Ocy, 'KOrlljJa me•U' 3a rpyo3'b01(3f!Jot- fpy.A3bOH3- MiCTO y ninHi'-lllii.i '-tacn-m i floJJbl~i ua npanoMy 6m~i BicJJH. i.~ttnej)arnop

Ommou Tperniu- Koponh <<Cn.s~meHHol PHMCbKOI iMncpii» y 983-1002 pp., iMnepaTOp- 3 986 p. Y }000 p. np116yn Ha rH€311Ct·ICbKIIll 3'I3,A, ,AC CI1MBOJii'-IHO KOpOiiyBaD DOJJCCJiaDa I. l..J,ei1 aKT <PopMaJibHO He Man 3aKOHHOi CI1JIH, OCKiJibiUI pnMCbKHM nana HeraT&mHO cTaBHDC.H .AO Kopmia~ii EoJJeCJiana I. Tinhi<&1 y 1025 p. niJJ.6yJJaCH Kopouai~i.s~ Eonecnaua I 3a 3rO,AOIO AnOCTOJJbChKOI CTOJ111~i.

c.30 /J)'Cb'KU.M 'KH.R3e.M- O'-tem1,AHO, il,~eTbOl npo ncnuKoro KJJ.H3n I<JiiucbKoro Cn.s~TonoJJKa 0Ka-

1015-1018 pp .• 3HTn EonecJJaua I. 1U?Cb'K020 ?CopOJZ.R 50Aeowea ... i3 cuHO.At .flpoAtupo.M- H.ACTbC.SI npo '-ICCbKHx KopoJJiu EoJJecJJasa II 6JJaro'-leCTI1Doro Ta RpoMHpa, KOTpi naHynanH ni,Anoni,AHO y 967(972)-999 Ta 1003, 1004-1012, 1033-1034 pp. OmrnonOAKa, 'Kompo2o 6pam.flpoCAae eumae 3 KuEea- M,u,e-rbc.H npo neJIHKHX KH.H3in KI1IBChKHX Ca.srronoJIKa 0KMHHoro ra JlpoCJiana My.Aporo, KOTpi naH)'BallH ni..Anoni,AHo y 1015, 1018-1019 Ta 1015-1018, 1019-1054 pp. JlpoCJian My.np11i1 nnepme mtrnan 3 KHenaJipononKa y 1015 p.

.SIHHoro, mo naHynan y

c.31 my.MCO'KOZO 'KOCm'bOA)- TaK 3a3BI1'-IaH Ha311DMH Ka<fle.npanbHI1M KOCTbOJl. J2opCb'K020 'KojJOJLJl, Crneifjaua- M)J,CTbC.SI npo yropCbKOro KOpOJI.SI IlllTBaHa (CTe<f>aHa, menaHa) I Cssnoro, mo naHysas y 997-1038 pp. MettuCJLao ,ZJpy2uii- Me'-IMCJiaB II JlaM6epT- nOJihCbKI111 Koponh y 1025-1034 pp. c.32 1leco?Cuii 'K1i.R3'b EpemuCJLao, cuu 0Jt?>iJpuxio - '-leChKi naHyBMI1 Bi)J,nOBi)J,HO y 1012-1033 i 1034-1055 pp.

KOponi On,D,p)l(HX i Ep)l(eTHCJiaB I, mo

c.33 Ka:JUM,up- Ka311M11p I Bi,D,HOBI1TCJih- nOJihCbKI1H KopoJib y 1039-1058 pp. reupixa- Ma€TbCSI Ha ysa3i feHpix III - HiMe~bKI1H KOpOJib y 1039-1056 pp., iMnepaTop <<CsRmeHHOI PI1MCbKOI iMnepii» 3 1046 p. 5eueiJu?Cma,lJeo'.R.mo2o- EeHe)l.HKT IX <l>eo<J:>inaKT- p11MCbKHH nana y 1032-1044, 1045, 1047-1048 pp. c.35 001l'KJ BMoiJUMupa- BoJI0)1.11M11p Ca.s~THH -

aeJI11KI1H KH.H3b KHiBCbKI1H y 978-1015 pp. JIK ss~aiOTb ,D,eHKi Ha)'KOB~i. AP~HHOIO Ka311M11pa I cTana )].OHhKa a6o cecTpa .HpoCJiana My.nporo MapiH (,z::t;o6porHena), i ~eM: WJJI06 6yJio yKJia,D,eHo a 1039 p.

c.36 5oMCJLao G.Mi.!Luouii- EoJiecJias II CMiJIHBHH 1079 pp., YBHrHaHHi: 1079-1081 pp.

(me.np11i1)- noJibCbKHii KopoJih y

1058-

c.37 BpamUCJLao- BpaTHCJiaa (6paTHCJiaB, Ep)l(eTHCJiaB) II- qecbKHH KHSI3b y 1061-1092 pp., Koponh-3 1085 p., y 1059-1061 pp. 6ya TaKo>K KHSI3eM Mopanii. Eetta- Eena I - yropcbKl1H KopoJib y 1060-1063 pp. A?Wpama- AH.u.paw (EH.u.pe) I- yropcbKHH Kopollh y 1046-1060 pp. r~mpixa- reHpix IV- HiMe~bK11H KOpOJib y 1056-1105 pp., iMnepaTop «CDSJ:ll{eHHOi PHMCbKoi iMnepii, 3 1084 p. ein C'U.IUJ10 B3Jl,B Kui'e- H,AeTbCSI npo noxi.u. Ha KHin 6onecnaaa II y 1069 p.

843


KOMEHTAPI c.38 Calw.M.oHa-ConoMOH (lllanaMou) -yropcbKJn1 Koponby 1063-1074 pp., CHHAHApis (AHApama) I, 6opoocJI 3i cnoiM A11AhKOM EeJJOIO Ta i1oro CHHaMH 3a npecTon. EoneCJiao II BI1CT}'nus npOTH ConoMOHa, AOnoMir CHHaM 6en11 fe3i I (naHyoan y 1074-1077 pp.) Ta Jlacny I CssTOMY (naHynas y 1077-1095 pp.) dent Ha yropchKHH npecTOJI. KHJl310 OmmoC!la8J- CnnTOCJJau RpoCJiaBH"'- neJIHKHH KHH3b KHIBCbKHH y 1073-1076 pp. Y 1069 p. 6onecnan 11 BJHD Kuin, ~o6 nooept-ryrw npecTOJI KMinChKOMY KHJI3eoi bsc;•aoy .HpocnaDHll}' ( naHynau y 1054-1068, 1069-1073, 1077-1078 pp.), lmrnaHOMf nepeA UHM COOIMH 6paTaMH. ce. CmaHiCAaea- ca. CTaHicnao- KpaldncbKHH €nHcKon y 1072-1079 pp., 6yo y6HTHH 3 naKaJy Eonecnana II Hi611To 3a yqacTh y 3Moui, KaJ-Joni3onaHI1H y 1253 p. Ha CKa.mcy- CKanKa- HeuemtKm1 narop6 6i1111 Banens, ,Ae 6y11o cTpa"4eHo co. CTanicnasa. TaM CTOITb KllftWTop na \.feCTb en. apxicTpanua M11xaina, BOJJ.H01.Jac i Mic~e owauyoaHHft co. CTaHiCJiaoa. Konu 6inn Momeii en. CTaHiCJiana n Ka<f>eJJ.paJJbHOM)' KOCThOJJi Ha Baeeni niA6ynanaCJI KOpOHal.\ift nOJlbCbKl'IX KOpOJiiB, TO Hancpe}J.O}J.Hi KOpOHa~ii Koponi MaJJH niWKH MTH Ha CKMJ<Y. Ue 03Ha"4a.no nOJ<YTHC na.noMHHQTBO, 6y;JO CHMBOJIOM noKopH cniTCbKOi DJia,AJ.i nepe.A UepKBOIO. nana- fpuropiii VII fiJib.Ae6paH)I.T- pHMCbKHM nan a y 1073-1085 pp. enima<ftiR- npHsTeJII, KpoMepa BaneHTHH Kyq6onchKHii, yqacHJ1K nocoJJbCTBa CTaHiCJJana foJiH JJ.O PMMa, 6a\.fHB y OJJ.HOMY 3 MOHaCTHpin y XopnaTii Ha)I.MOrHJJbHHH KaMiHh 3 6apenbe<f>oM i HanHCOM: «Eonecnas. TioJibCbK11H Koponb, o6HUQ11 KpaKiDCbKOro enHCKona CTanicnasa» (Kronika polska Marcina Kromera ... - S. 186).

c.39 &aiJUCilM TepMau- BJJaAHCJJaB I fepMaH - noJibCbKHii Koponh y 1079-1102 pp. cuH 36itH£8- 36irHEB (611. 1070-1111) - cTapwHH CHH Bna,AI1CJiasa I fepMaHa. Te.nezoH y6ue 6am'b?Ca, 6yoy1lu HapooJICmuu eiiJ KifrKu- TeJieroH (TeneroHyc) - repoii AanHborpeQhKOi Mi<f>oJiorii, CHH O.Aicce.s~ Ta KipKH, nHnaAKOBo y 6ii1:ui y611s 6aTbKa cnHCOM. PoMyA y6ue piiJuozo 6pama- CHH Mapca i1 necTaJJKH Pel Cinhnii, JaCHOBHHK i nepw11i1 Qap PHMa. Eyo DHxonanHH pa30M 3 6paTOM PeMOM oon'tiJ11.\eiO. Y MOJJOAHX JJiTax y611n 6paTa ni.A 'llac 6ii1KH.

c.<W J!Ju.mepma- JlaMnepT (JlaM6CpT) - KpaKi OCbKMJ1 €0HCKOI1 y 1082-1101 pp. 5o.JteCJta6 Kpueoycmuu- EoJiecJJao III KpuooycTHM- nOJlbChKHH Koponby 1102-1138 pp. niiJ 3(l.M'KOM y Kpa?Coei 'KOCm'bOA ce. EziiJiw- uei1 Haii,AanHiwm1 y KpaKoni poMaHCbKWii KOCThOJJ 6yn 3aCHOBaHI1M BJJa;J,HCJiaOOM repMaHOM Ta iioro APY.>K11HOIO lO,anTOIO Ha tiCCTb Hapo,A>KeHH.SI oma Eonccnana. Y XIV cT. KOCTbOJJ 6yn KaniTa.noHO ncpe6y.aonmmi1. BiH CTOi"Tb Ha po3i ByJI. fpO.l(ChKOl Ta Tii,aJaMtiC. Coifiiw ... cecmpy iMneparnojJa nmjJixa C.Jnneepmozo- lthOro pa3y KOpOJJb o.npy>KHBC.H Ha }J.OHbQi, a ue cecTpi iMncpaTopa fcupixa IV (naH}'nan y 1056-1105 pp., HK iMnepaTop3 1084 p.), HKY 3BaJJI110.awra-MapiH. EpJfCemuctLaa- op)I<CTHCJian II - tieCbK1111I<opom~ y 1092- I I 00 pp. CE~Exa- Cet~ex- KepiuJmK nOJihCbKoro puuapCTna, oniKyu Eonecnana Ill.

c.41 MeOJUJICf?lt- MiCTO B 3axiJJ.IIiH no;n,ll(i Ha ninOM)' 6oQi p. O.D,ep. oo HiJ.Uftt1tU1tU- /.l.OCJii.AmtKI1 una>KaiOTh, w.o 3Girneu 6yn ni.D,icnamu1 Mati}'XOIO )I.O CaKcoHii, MO>KJJHBO, y Knc)J,JiiH6ypr.

c.43 flo.M?U!R L(eJap nepe.M.iz- fHeii TioMneii Bemmuii ( 106-48 pp . .D.O H. e.)- nnAaTHuii /.l.aDHbopHMCbKMH nOJliT11tiH11i1 i BiHCbKODI1J:i .l{iHti, O.l(I1H 3 TpbOX 'lJJleHin [ TpiyMuipary (TIOMilCil,

844


KOMEHTAPI UeJap. Kpacc) , .SIK11rl Kepyuan Pn MChi<OIO iMnepi€10 y ()0-48 PP· /1.0 II. c. raii IOJJiii UeJap (100-44 pp . .11.0 II. e.)- Bll}\aTimii .AaBHbOpiiMCL>Kllti flOJJiT11'-IIHilt i p,ep:n<aBIII1H JJ.i.Sltt, OOJJKOBO.Aellb, fllfChMCHHIIK , '-IJICif I Tpiyr.mipaT)', Janoi.iOUIIIII< raJlJlii. y 49-4R PP· /lO H. e. 8 xo.ui uii1HH Mi>K HHM i f1or.me€M (Kpacc 3anmyn pauiwe) Jan.uan m1pimaJJhHOi nopa3K11 CBO€MY cyncpu11h)' D 611TBi ni,l]. <J)apcaJJaMII ( 48 p. JlO H. e.) i CTaB O/I.HOOCi6tmM npaBHTCJJCM iMncpi'i. Y 44 p. IJ.O H. e. B6IHUH nnacJJi.UOI< Jai<OJJOT)'. CoftmonM?<:a- CuHTOnOJJK bnCJJaBltt.I- BCJJI1KI1ii KIIHJL> KI1IBCbKI1i'I y 1093-1113 pp. Wmo6 iJ iioro .D.OHhKOJO 36ucJJaBOJO I>oJJecJJan III nJ.SJu y II 02 a6o 1103 p. UH 3niCTKa € cKopotteHHSIM ni.unoni.uuoro nooi.AOMJJCHI·IH 3 xponiKI1 KpoMepa (Kronika polska Marcina Kromera.Sanok, 1857.- S. 213). "wpaeC'b'KOZO 'KUJl3Jl CoRmonOJt'Ka- otteB11.lJ.IIO, Ma€ThCH ua yna3i Co.siTonoJJK (CBSITOnJJyK), SIKI1H eTas KopoJJeM 'l.Jexi"i nip, iMeHcM CnSITOnOJJKa I ( nauymm y 11 07-1109 pp.).

c.44 CeAmoCAaea ( Coftmo6opa)- Cn.SJToGop- KHHJb Cxi.uHoro (f.uaucbKoro) TioMop'.H .uo

1106 p. CKap6iM.eJfCa- CKap6iM€>K (CKap6nl\mp) 3 poll.y AnJJ.aHIJ.in- n11xonaTe.Jib i na11an1H EoneCJJana Ill. 5opJICU8oii- .Eop)f{11BOH II- '-leCbKHH KOpOJJL> y 1101-1107, 1117- 1120 pp.

Ka.JtMwuo.u - Ka.nL>MaH (KonoMaH) KH11>KH11K- yropchKI111 Koponh y 1095-1116 pp. c.45 Cme¢au, cuu Ka.Jt'b.Maua- lwTsaH II- yropcbKHJ1 Kopo.JII> y 1116-1131 pp. pOKy... 1108 iM.nepamop flmpix f.Jemeepmuii - -ryr nOMI1JIKa, ocKiJibKI1 feHpix IV Ha Toii qac B>Ke noMep. OT)f{e, T}'T a6o HeTO'-IHO BKaJaHa ,AaTa, a6o ii.ueTbC.H npo iMnepaTopa feHpixa V, .SIKHH naH}'sas y 1106- 1125 pp., .SJK iMnepaTop - 3 1111 p . FueBOMUp- fH€BOM11p (noMep y 1109 p.)- KH.SI3b np11HOTeQbKI1X OOMOp.SIH. fliCJI.SI oxpeJ.J..teHHSI y 1108 p. 6ys np113Ha'-leHHH EoneCJJanoM III npaBI1TeJJeM M. 'l.JapHKOBa.

c.46 A60auK- «A6.AaHK» (fa6JJ.aHK) - Ha3oa lll.JI.HXeTCbKoro rep6a, nonynnpHoro a noJibCbKiii repanblJ.HQi. Moro xapaKTepHHMH npHKMeTaM~-t e qepaoHHH I.UHT, Ha HKOMY Jo6pa>KeHo repanb,AH"ttHY q>irypy Ha 3paaoK naTHHCbKOi niTep11 «W». Q11M rep6oM nOCJIYronysasc.H p.s~..n po,Ais }'KpaiHCbKOi 11JJI.SIXT11. lleCJL'I(,UJ,t noJZeM. - Ilecnqe none - MicTo Ha 6epe3i p. BH.AaBH no6JIH3Y BpoLVIana.

c.47

cmapw,uu cuu BAaOuc.ltae- Bna.D.HCJias II BHrHaHeQb -

noJibCbKHH Koponb y 1138-1146 pp. Co6eC!Lae- Co6eCJian I - qechKHH Koponb y 1125-1140 pp. Ha'K.Ita- HaKJio- q>opTeQ.H Ha p. HoTeQb.

oo

c.48 nepe.MuC'bKozo 'K1ift3Jl- M. KpoMep sKaJy€, mo ue 6yn nepeMHCbKHii KH.H3b Bono.nop, i niH nocnaa paHillle y noxi.n ni.A oeq caoro c11na - Bo.JIO.A11M11pa Bono,AoponH'4a (Kronika polska Marcina Kromera.- S. 213). Ta.ttu'l(,a- T}'T 6a'-IHMO CJii.AH nolllHpeHoro y noJibCbKHX xpoHiKax XIV-XVII cT. ononi· .naHHR npo lleTpa BnocTOBH'-Ia, .HKHH X11TpicTIO JaMaHHB fioJieCJiaoa III y nacTK}'. ,l(Ho.: Kronika polska Marcin a Kromera.- S. 269-274.

oo

oauu UL/l.Jl,XmU'I(,- KpoMep, SIKI1H y QbOMY Dl10a,z:J.KY OOCI1Jia€TbCR Ha xpoHiKy Ka..nny6Ka, Haronomye, ~o ue 6ys «O.lJ.HH HeaHa'4HI1ii >KOnHip, nocnonHTHH i npn6ny.AHHih (Kronika polska Marcina Kromera.- S. 274).

845


KOMEHTAPI c. 49 47 6umB- KpoMep

no~ae caMe 1..\10 KiJibKiCTb 611Tn (Kronika polska Marcina Kromera.-

S. 274). mpMncMcuu TCKmop a6o xaprfiazCHC'bxuu TaHH.i6M- feKTop- repoi1 Tpo.SIHCbKolnii1HH, CMH TipiaMa Ta feKy6w, qoJioniK A.H~poMaxM; faHHi6aJI (247-182 pp. ~o H. e.) - nH~aTHHH Kap<f>areHcbKHM nOJIKono~el.\b, nin 3aneKJiy 6opoTb6y 3 PM MOM y ~ac11,ll,pyroi llyHiqHoi aiiiHM, 3~o6ya 6nMceyqi nepeMorw, HacaMnepc~ y 6MTBi np11 Karmax y 216 p.tJ.o 11. e. EOMCAaBJ K)11.te}JRBOMJ- fioJieCJiaB IV Ky~epsmmi- noJibCL>J<MH KopoJib y 1146-1173 pp. MetluCJtaB)'- MewKo (Me~MCJian) III CTap11w- noJibCl>KMii KopOJib y 1173-1177, 1190, 1198-1202 pp. KruuMUj>oB'i- KaaMMHp II CnpaneAJH1BI111- noJihCbKMH KopoJib y 1177-1190, 1191-1194 pp. llo~aJibWi CJiona EoJiecJiana Ill IL(OIJ.O cnoro Janoniry J6iraJOTbC.SI 3 TMMM, nto lx noJJ.ae KpoMep (Kronika polska Marcina Kromera.- S. 277).

c. 51 iM.nepamopa C!>piopixa- <l>pi.npix I Eap6apocca - KopoJib «CB.SIII.tCHHoi PMMCbKoi i Mnepii» y 1152-1190 pp., iMnepaTop- a 1155 p. c. 52 iM.nepamopa KoH-paoa- KoHpa,n III- npasHTCJib «CnHnteHHoi PMMCbKOi iMrrepii•• y 1138-

1152 pp. c. 53 noxoommu y Kpmwoi, B xocm'bOAi CB. CmaH-iCJtaBa 'Ha 3G.M,'K)'- KOCTbOJI en. CTaHicJiasa - Ka¢etJ.pa KpaKiDCbKOro enMCKona, 6ya 36yAoBaHMH y 1020- 1142 pp. Ha narop6i BaaeJib y KpaKOBi, TYT noxoaaHo 6iJibWiCTb nOJibCbKMx KopoJiiB.

c. 55 3 PUMy mi.Jw CBRmozo

(/JJLopmua npuaeJeuo- ca.

r.ry~eHHK <l>Jiopi.SIH 6ya y6wnfi1 y

304 p. a ~a­

CJ1 fOHiHb Ha Xp.HCTMHH IJ,aDHbOp.HMCbKOfO iMnepaTOpa ,ll,iOKJJCTiaHa. Y 1184 p. (3a iHW11MI1 ,D.aHHMH - y 1185 p.) p11MChKHi1 nan a JlyQitf III np11cnan JJ.O nonbl.l{i Ha rrpoxaHH.SI KopoJI.SI Ka311MHpa Cnpane!J.JIHBoro MOW.i Qhoro CDHToro. cyaopa flaPKa- napK11 - y )laBHb0p11MCbKiH MicpOJIOrii 6or11Hi )lOJii.

c. 56 Jlex ll'R:muu Ei.Jtuu- JlewKo I (V) Binm'1- noJihCbKI1H rwpoJih y 1194-1198, 1201, 12021210, 1211-1227 pp.

c. 58 CaRmOnOJl1<a- Cn.s~TOriOJIK- KH.SI3h CxiiJ,HOrO noMop'n y 1109-1121 PP· F£rnpi1w EopoiJamozo- fcupiK I Eopo;~aTml- KHH3b cineahKntf 3 1201 p., KpaKiBCbKHiiy 1228-1234 pp.• DCJli1KOriOJJbCbJ(I111-y 1234-123R PP· .MaJOBe1J'bKUU K1Ul3'b KoujmiJ- KoHpa.n I - KIUIJh MaJonc~bK11H, K)'HDCbKHi'l, c€pa)l3bKHi1 i JieH\i11QbKI1M y 1194-1247 pp., KHSI3b Kpal<iDCbKIIl'I- )' 1229, 1241-1243 pp. EoJLec;wo Cojw.M '.Jt3Jluouu- EoJiecnan V CopoM'H3mmnif (nytJ.uKyc)- noJibChKHI• Koponh y 1234- 1279 pp. PoJnoniAb npo KopoJJH Eoncc;rana fnauh'iui 3ano3H'um n OCHOBIIOMY 3 Taopy M. D€JJbCbKoro (Bielski M. Kronika polska.- Krakow, 1597.- S. 119, 160). Eoxe1tC'b'Ki COJIJlUi 'KOnM'bUi- DOXI-UI- MiCTO y nin;~CBHii1 noJibll(i HCllOIJ,aJiiK BiA KpaKoaa.

TfT, a TaKO.>K y Bemi"'I...d niA KpaKonoM a tiacin cepe.UHhOni~"'H i n Ham tiac tJ.o6yBaiOTb ciJib y KOnaJibH.SIX ()l(}'nax).

c. 59 Kopo.I/Jl EeJLu- EeJra IV- yropchrmi1:: KOpOJib y 1235- 1270 pp.

846


KOMEHTAPI K)'11 iZ)'HOa, a no-)'zopct>Ku - Kiuza - KyHil)'H)J.a ( KiHra) ( 1234- 1292) - .AOHhKa yropcbKOro Kopomt Eem1 IV. JlK Tnep.AHTb aHoHiMHHii anTop BemmonoJJbCbKOI xpoHiKH, BoHa o.npa3y nicn.H HapO.A)KeHH.H cKaJa.na: <<Xai1 )KIIBe uapm.:(.H Hcoec» ( «llenHKa.H xpoHHKa» ... - C. 152).

c. 60 J/xa lfan.it10- U.H po3noni,nh 6araTo n '-IOMY 3uira€TbCH 3 Ti€10, mo Haoo.nHTbC.H y BenHKOnonbCbKiii xpoHiUi ( «BeJIHK<lH xpOHHKa» ... - C. 153). cuuoM Koupaoa- ii.AeTbC.R npo ccpC.D.IIbOro Clll·I a Koupa;~a Ma3oucubi<Oro - Ka3HMupa (1211-1266), I<)'HDCbKoro KH.H3H 3 1231 p. B 1239 p. ni11 BJJ.pyre o,npy)KI1BC.H 3 KoHCTaHL~i€10, )J.OHbKOIO feHpiKa II D o60)KHOro. rnaHblHi IIH)I('-IC ncnpanlfllbl-10 ua:mua€ fcnpii<a II CHHOM co. Jl.noirn. TeHpiKa.4p)'Z020- rcupiK II Tio60)I<HIIii (Gnar04CCTHB11ii)- nOJlbChKUH KOpOllb y 12381241 pp. nanu rpuzopiJl,4eo 'Rmozo - noHTH<f>iKaT fpHropiS'I IX npJtma,LJ,a€ ua 1227- 1241 pp.

c. 61

Tamapu... npu~uUlu oo KpaKooa- EaT11ii yaHo KpaKin 22 6cpe3Hn 1241 p. 6i..n.Jl. JlezHU'lf,i- JlerHJ1UbKa 611TBa MaJia Micue 9 KRiTHH 1241 p. i 3aKiH411JlaCH T.H)KKOIO nopa3KOIO nOJlbCbKO-HiMCUhKOrO BiikbKa. }.tazicmpo,w no}.tn01tO.M - 01.JCDI1)J.HO, cni.n MaTH Ha yoa3i oeJII1KOro MaricTpa TeBTOHCbKOro op,neHy KoHpa.na cpon TIOpiHreHa, ll{O naHynao y 1239- 1241 pp.

c.62 Cel.wouma- CeMOBHT (3eMODI1T) I - Cl1H KoHpa,n.a I, Ma3oneubKHii KH.R3b y 1248-1262 pp. ummonOJ£'K- Cn.RTOnOJIK BeJIHKHH- KH.H3b Cxi.nHoro DoMop jJ y 1220-1266 pp. !HO'Keumie.M llemoepmUM- IHoKeHTii1 IV- p11MCbKI1H nana y 1243-1254 pp. 1

c. 63

3 Hozae.M ma Te.Ae6yzo10- a oeHooi nosi.noMJieHH.H ne)KI1Tb 3BicTKa 3 xpoHiKI1 MapuiHa O€JlbCbKoro, npH<IOM)' BKa3Y€TbeR, ll{O 3 op.A11HUHMI1 6pa.n11 yqaCTb y noxo.ni CHHI1 ,li.aHima raJli1UbKoro Jies i PoMaH (Kronika Marcina Bielskiego.- Sanok, 1856.- T. 1.- S. 309- 310; )J.HB. TaKo)K: ,43upall. I Typel:(hKo-TaTapehKi Hana,AH Ha YKpaiHy XIII- XVI cT. 3a xpoHiKaMH O€JibCbKHX Ta CTPHiiKoBehKoro I I YKpaiHcbKHH icTopHKo-reorpacpi'4HHi1 3oipH11K.- K., 1971.- B11n. 1.- C. 88). Kanoni:JyeMu KpaKiecoKozo enuCKona CmaniC/taea- ononi.naHH.R npo KaHOHi3aUiiO co. CTaHicJiasa y 1253 p. Ta nepeHeeeHH.H i:ioro MOI..Uei1 )J.O KpaKona MieTHTbe.R y BenHKOnOJibCKiit xpoHiUi Ta )J.e.HK11X iHllli1X ,A)Kepenax ( «BeJIHKM xpOHHKa» ... - C . 168, 170).

c.64 ce. J/oeizu- ca. .H.n.nira ( noMepJia y 1244 p.) 6yna .n.p}')KHHOIO KH.HM reHpiKa I Eopo.naroro. ZMU'!J'b'Ka 'K'HJl2U'HJl COJLo.MiR.- poanoni.nh npo eMepTb en. ConoMil Ta qy.n.eca, .HKi TBOp11JII1 ii MOI..Ui, MicTHThC.H y BeJIHKOnOJibChKiit xpoHil:(i Ta ~e.RKHX iHWHX Toro1.1aomx i ni3HiwHx )J.)Kepenax ( «BeJII1Ka.R xpoHHKa» ..• - C . 194). BeJIHKOnOJJhChKa xpoHiKa yro<IHIO€, ~o MaTH CBHToi (rp11Micnasa IHraapioHa) Ta i16paT, Koponh Eonecnaa, aaeHyoanl1 Ha ii qecTb MOHaeTHP ea. K.Jiap11 y 3aBI1XOeTi. lloTiM qepe3 3arp03Y JII1TODCbKI1X Hana)J.iB MOI..Ui 6yJJH nepeHeeeHi )J.O CKa..rm, a noTiM - .AO KOCTbOJiy en. AH.n.pi.H y KpaKoni. Cme¢au -y Tm1 qac yropcbKI1M KopoJieM 6ys llacJio IV KyH (DonooeQb), ~o naH}'BaB y 1272-1290 pp. Mo)K.Jmoo, -ryr xpouonori<IHa noMHJIKa i i:i.n.eTbC.H npo IwTBaHa (CTe<PaHa) V. uto naH}'naa y 1270-1272 pp. nan010 AAeKcauOpoM l.JemeepmuM- AneKcaH.Ap IV- pHMCbKHH nana y 1254-1261 pp. Op.neH cs. EeHe.ZJ.HKTa 6yno cTnopeHo ~ 530 p. en. EeHe.ZJ.I1KTOM HypciitebKHM B ITan:ii, y DoJibll.\i 6eHe.AHKT11HQi 3'11BHJIHC.H y X cT. 11.n.cThe11 npo HKeeb Bi.Ara.ny)KeHH.H Uboro op.neH}'.

c. 65 .llezu1Co tfoJrnuii- JiewKo II (VI) '-lopH11M- nOJJhehKHH Koponb y 1279-1288 pp.

847


KOMEHTAPI flYCbKUU KH.R3'b J/eB- Jiea fanHQbKI-111 (6JJ. 1228- 6n. 1301) -CHit KOpOJJH faJJHI..lbKo-BoJJIIHCbKOi JJ.ep>Kaon ,AaHHJJa PoMaHOBHqa, no CMepTi ocTaHHboro y 1264 p. ycna.o.K)'oao iioro npecTOJI. Y

1272 p. nepenic CTOJJHQIO JJ.ep>Kaoli 3 fan11qa .no Jlhoooa.

c.66 Oll/l.u uo.J.ty 6umey mpemwzo OH.R. .Mic.supt 1£1omozo poxy 1280- foaHbiHi, .HK i CTpliHKOBCbKHU, oi,nHOCHTb QIO no.ni10 .n.o 1280 p., a O€JibChKHM- .n.o 1286 p. (/!JupaJI. I. TypeUbKo-TaTapCbKi Hana,nM .•. - C. 88).

c.67 HozaCM i

Te.~te6yzow- 3BicTKa 6a3y€TbC.H Ha coi,n.t.IeHHHX xpoHiKM

Marcina Bielskiego.- T.

M. o€JibCbKoro (Kronika

1.- S. 338-339).

c.68 renpix, npo36a'HUU npo6ycOJ,£- feHpiK III n po6yc - llOJibCbKiil1 KOpOJib y 1289-1290 pp.

c.70 flUte.MUCJta6 /JP)'2UU- TiweMMCJiaB- KH.H3b BCJIHKODOJibCbKHH i KpaKiBCbKMH y 12901295 pp. Koponby 1295-1296 pp. Kip- Kip CTapnnn1- .n.aoHhoipaHCbKHH Qap y 558-529 pp . .n.o H. e., 3arHHyo y 6HTBi 3 KOt.IiBHMKaMH 3 TiiBHOqi.

CJtaonuu MaxeooH.R.nuu- Ma€TbC.H ua yoa3i AneKCaH.zr.p MaKe,n.oHCbK11H, npo HKoro .lJ.HB. I, c. IX).

Bl1ll.(e {KoMeHT. .zr.o qacT.

c. 71 Jlmcom01c- Bna;J.Hcnas I JloKoTOK- KH.H3b neHt.IIiQbKHH i K)'.HBCbKHH y 1275-1333 pp., KllH3b C€pa,ll,3bKHH y 1288-1333 pp.; KHH3b BCJIHKOOOJJbCbKHH i DOMOpCbKHH y 1306-1333 pp. Po:mosi.zr.b npo TimeMHCJiasa, Bai..VIaoa, Bna,n.Hcnasa JloKOTKa fsaHbiHi 6a3ye o OCHORHOMY Ha cBi.D."4eHHHX M. D€JlbCbKoro (Bielski M. Kronika Polska.- Krakow, 1597.- S. 203-236). Ba1JIU18QM,- Bai.VIas II- qecbKiiM Koponb y 1278-1305 pp.; noJibChKHM Koponb y 1300-1305 pp. B.aaiJuCJlaea- Jlacno IV K yu ( TionooeQb) - yropcbKHi1 Koponh y 1272-1290 pp. JLumoe~xuu XH.R.J'b BimeH'b- BiTCHb- oeJIHKHH KH.H3b JIHTOBChKHH Ha not.IaTKY XIV CT. (.zr.o 1316 p.).

c. 73

Ommoxapa- n p>KeMHCJI II 0TTOKap - t.ICCbKHi"'t KOpOJib y 1253-1278 pp. 'K'H.R.3eM fliJUMi'HO.M- fe)J.HMiH - BCJIHKHH KHH3b JIHTOBCbKHH y 1316-1341 pp. Tou M)'JIC, ujo yfiue ToJLiaifja- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaai oi.zr.oMa 6i6nii'ma icTopifl npo nepeMory IOHOrO Qapa ,li.aOH)J.a Ha)J. BCJICTHCM fOJiiacpOM. Y.tticc po36ue zoJLoey... oe.n.emuw- Ma€TbCfl Ha ynaai O.n.iccei1, u.ap ITaKH, O.D.HH 3 repolo noeM foMcpa «lnia,n.a» Ta «O,n.icceSI•>, i iioro nepeMora Ha.D. neneTHeM-U.HKJionoM TionicpeMOM. O.zr.iceii ocnin11a QHKJIOna, a ne poa611s iioMy ronooy, flK Taep,n.HTb fsaHbiHi.

c.75 npycC'bxuu .Mazicmp- Kapn TpeuipcbKHii (EecpapT) - nemtKHH MaricTp TeBTOHCbKoro op.zr.eHy B 1311-1324 pp. nanu- IoaHH XXII- pHMCbKI1M nana y 1316-1334 pp.

c.76 T)'T .HBHI1H aHaxpoHi3M, OCKiJlbKII K03aKI1 3'.H811Jl11Cfl niauime i 30BciM n iHmOMY perioHi €nponH - Ha HM3)' )lHinpa. fnaHh'iHi Man Ha} naai mnne cnoci6 .zr.ii1 JIHTOBU.iB, 1lKi panTOBHMH M l.laCTHMI1 Hana,n.aMI1 cnycTomynaJII1 3CMJli nonbCbKOi' .n.ep>KaBH. Ka:m.M.upa Be.Au?Cozo- Ka3I1MHP III - noJibCbKnii KOpOJib y 1333-13 70 pp. zjJa6i:HC1tU'l&'b'KC 'K03a'l&'m60-

848


KOMEHTAPI c. 77 }b008iKa- )l.l1B. BJIII{C KOMCHT. JJ.O C. 20. KapAa - Kap11 I PoGepT- yropcbi<IIH I<OpOJih y 1301-1342 pp.

c.78 J(aulKO ... i J(au.UAo OcmjJOJtKuu- CTJ1CJia 3uicTI<a xpoHiKI1 fnaub'iHi npo 6opOTh6y pyli Bomuli npoTU llOJILCbi<HX 3arapuHHI<in 36iraETbC.H n roJiommx pncax 3 noJihCbKHMI1 xpoHiKaJibHI1MI1 3an11caM11 XIV CT., HKi no€JJ.HYBaJIHC.H 3 xponi1<010 HHa 3 l.JapHI<ona. ,Unn.: Kronika Jana z Czarnkowa.- Krakow, 2001.- S. 14-15; Mu'ljU'K 10. Bi.n.oMOCTi npo Y~<paiHy XIV CT. n xpoHi~i J!Ha 3 l.JapHI<Ona I I Ha~iOHaJibiiHi1 yHinepc11TCT «KJ1€no-MorHJIHHCbKa aKa)l.eMiH». MaricTepiyM.- K., 2004.- Bm1ycK 17. lcTopwmi cry.Aii.- C. 92-97. ca'HiJo.~otupcoxuu oocoooa J OO!rlJ' A6iJaH.K- 3ra.AaHi nHUlC xpoHil<aJibHi 3anHcl1 XIV cT. no.AaIOTb iM'.H ~bOrO BO€UO.AI1- l.Je11CJ'i. KaJu.,uup ... yxoaAuo npaBa- 3a t.Iacin Ka311M11pa III piweHHHM 3'13.Ay ¢eo.Aanis MaJioi' lloJih~i 6y11o yxoaneHo 3aKOHOJJ.aDt.II1i1 KO.ACKC, T. an. Bicm1~bKHH cTaryT. To.Ai )f{ Ha anaAori"'HOMY 3''ia.n.i n lli1oTpKyui 6y11o yxua.neHo llifoTpKynChl<11i1 cTaTyT- 3aKOHHHK .AJIH BeJIHKOI lloJiblUi. B icTop11t.IHii1 JiiTep<nypi 'ix iHKOJ111 o6'€.AHYIOTb ni.n o.n.HiEIO Ha3nol0: BicJIH~bKO­ lli1oTpf<YBCbKHi1 CTaryT. KpmciocoKozo KCLJUMupa- Ka3HMHP - HHHi pai1oH Kpa1<ona, y cepe.AHbOBit.It.Ii - oKpeMe oi.u. Kpa1<ona MiCTO, HKe 6y11o poaTawonaHe Ha npontJICJI<HOMY 6oui BiCJm . .MOAOaBC'b'KUU BO£BOOU'ti Cmeifjau., 8U2'H.a'N.UU COOiM .MOAOOWUM 6pamo.M flempo.!ot- B OCHOBi Ui€i 3BicTKI1 ni)l 1359 p. Jle)f{HTL xpOHiKa ,U11yrowa. Qi Bi)J.OMOCTi OCTaHHbOrO DI1KJII1KaJII1 )f{Basy noJieMiKY B noJibCbKii1 Ta PYMYHChKii1 icTopiorpa¢il, OCKiflbi<H, Ha .AYMKY 6iJibWOCTi, BaJiacbKa .n.ep)f{asa TO.Ai me TiflbKI1 BI1HI1KaJia, i cepe.u. ii nepnmx rocno.napis He 6yJio TaKHX oci6. Y 3B'R3f<Y 3 ~11M BOHH si,nHOCHJIH noJihCbKHi1 noxi.u. .no niJHiworo qacy, HacaMnepe.u. .u.o nepioP.}' naH}'naHHJI MOJIJ].anchKoro rocno.n.ap.s~ neTpa I MyrnaTa ( 1374-1379). O.n.Hal< y cniTni cyqacHHX .u.ocni.n)f{eHb BHrJHI.Aa€ uiJIKOM iMonipHHM noxi.n KaaHMHpa III Ha Banaxiro y 1349 p. ,UoKJia.AHirne ue cKJia,nHe nHTaHHH poarJIRH)'TO B KH .: Czamaizska I. Moldawia i Woloszczyzna wobec Polski, W~ier i Turcji w XIV i XV wieku.- Poznan, 1996.- S. 24- 40. CHHis-y~<paiH~in ra.nJ1\.IHHI1

c.79 POKy 1363 - .AaTa € ITOMI1JIKOBOIO, OCKiJibKI1 KpaKiBCbKHH KOHrpec MOHapxiB ni.u.6ync.SI y 1364 p. KapAo.M l.JemoepmUM- Kapn IV- Kopollh «CBHlUCHHoi P11MCbKOI iMnepil» y 1347-1378 pp., iMnepaTop- 3 1355 p . aamCb1CUU 1CopOA'b- BaJibJ].eMap IV ATTep.nar- KOpOllb ,UaHil y 1340-1375 pp. aamCb?CUU 1CopOA'b Cuzi3MyuiJ- TYT nOMHJIKa, OCKiJibKI1 TO,ni n ,UaHil naHynan BaJib.l(CMap Iv, aJie iioro He 6y11o To,ni y KpaKoai. nempo- lleTpo I- KOpOllb KinpCbKOI.ACp)f{aBI1 xpecTOHOC~iB y 1361-1369 PP· Ommou Eaeapc'bxuu- npaBHTeJJeM Banapii y ueii qac 6ya CTe<}>aH I (II), ~o naHyaaa y 1363-1375 pp. Ce.!otoeum MCLJOBe?f.'b?Cuii- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaai, O'leBH.AHO, CeMoBI1T (3eMOBJ1T) III (IV) CTapWI1i1, KHH3b qepCbKHH 3 1341 p., panCbKI1H- 3 1345 p., coxaqyncbKHH- 3 1351 p., BHCbKHH i Ma30BeQbKHH-y 1370-1381 pp. POKy 1370- po3ropHyTa poanoni.u.b npo cMepTb KopoJJ.SI Ka3HMHpa III MiCT11'rbCSI y xpoHiui .HHa 3 t.IapHKosa (Kronika Jana z Czamkowa.- S. 23-26).

c. SO ci>MjliR:Ha- <l>JJopiHH 3 MoKpcKa rep6a «€.niTa)), KpaKiBCbi<HH enHcKon y 1367-1380 pp. cecmpu E.tt'bx6emu- E.nbJ1<6eTa ( noMepna y 1380 p.) - JJ.OHbKa Bna.u.HCJiasa JloKOTKa i ,npy)KHHa yropcbKoro KOpOJJJI KapJJa I Po6epTa. fsaHbiHi BI11Ue ara,nye iHwy E.nb>K6eT)' (.np}'>KHHY iMnepaTopa Kapna IV), RIC)' Ha3nsae TO BHY'IKOIO, TO )J.OHbKOIO KaaHMHpa III.

849


KOMEHTAPI KH.R.3.R. &aiJuCAaea- BJJ~HcJJao OnoJJhCbKHH (noMep y 1401 p.)- onOJJbCbKHH KHSI3b 3 1356 p., yropcbKHH na.naTHH (1357-1372)- uaMicHHK ua Pyci (1372-1378), niJuiwe- npaon-

TeJJb ,no6)((1iHCbKOI JeMJii. noMefJ.•• nepeiJ ce. JleuapmoM- Ka3HMMP III noMep 5.Xl.1370 p .• 6ys noxonaHHH TaM, JJ.e flOKOiTbC$1 ,l{OHHHi 6iJibWicTb flOJibCbKHX KOpOJJiB, T06TO y KOCTbOJJi CB. CTaHiCJiaBa Ha 3aMK}' BaaeJih y KpaKooi. t:ryKeH.?tU'f&i Ha KpmcieCb'KOMJ puHxy- ~i 3HaMeHMTi Toprooi pHJ.lM 6ymt Jacnonaui Ja HaKaJOM KoponH EoJiecnaoa CopoM'S13Jil1BOro (1257), a6y.l.looaui aa KaaHMnpa III, BiJ.lHOBJieui niCJIH no>Ke)((i 1555 p. y 1556-1559 pp. CyKeHHHUi i-1 HI-mi icuyJOTb y KpaKoni, BOHH po:rrawonaHi Ha roJIOBHiH nnomi PHHOK. 'J Jl'bBOBi 3QC'Ii'JBa8 MumponOJtU'I£UU •.• 'KOC?nWJt- J,laHi 3 pi3HI1X xpoHiK npo aacuysaHHH Ka.JH· MHpOM III KOCTbOJI)' o Jlboooi y 1340 p., a y 1350 p.- KaTOJIH~bKOi EnHcKoncbKOi Ka<J>e.l.lpn, qaCT11HOJO icropHKiB cnpm1MaJOTbCH, "13CTI1HOIO :>K (M. fpyweBCbKI1H) CT3UJIHTbC.fl niJ,l cyMHiB. ,ll11o.: I]J)•weBCb'KUu M. lcTopiH YKpaiHH- Pyc11.- K., 1994.- T. 5.- C. 426-427; JnMHOBCbKuu B./. lcTopiH UepKBH Ta penirii1Hoi )J.YMKM o YKpaiui.- K., 1994.- KH. 2.- C. 106; lcTopiH penirii-1 n YKpaiHi.- K., 2001.- T. 4. KaTOJIMUMJM.- C. 51.

c.Bl 'K1Ul3i 0Jt'bzepiJ i Jho6apm, ma'Ko:JIC i Kfficmym- Onbrep.l.l - neJIMKHH KHH3b JIMTOBCbKMH y 1341-1377 pp., J1106apT- KHH3b noJIOJ{MMHpCbKMH i nyUbKHH (noMep y 1384 p.); Kei1cTyT (KeCryTHC)- CI1H fe.AI1MiHa, KHH3b TpaKaHCbKMH (TpOUbKI1i1) Ta )((MyllCbKHM, 3 1345 p.- ¢aK· TM"'HO cnisnpaBHTeJib OJibrepJ.la. Y 1341 p. niH ai cooiM CHHOM BiTOBTOM noncTao npoTM .HraiiJia, CMHa Onbrep.l.la, neJIMKoro KH.fi3H JIHTOBCbKOro, i1 3aBOJIOJ.liB BiJibHIOCOM. Y 1382 p. 3p~HHUbKH CXOnJICHMM i B6HTHM 33 H3Ka30M JlraiiJia. oepe60 Ce. Xpecma- "'aCTHHa CB.fiTOro i1 :>KMBOTBOptioro XpecTa, Ha KOTpoMy 6yno po3in'HTO Icyca Xp11cra, auaxO.D.HJiacH y Jl106niui. Kom1 yKpaiHCbKi oii1cbKa ,llaHMJia BHrOBCb· KOrO OBOJIO,lJ.lnH JIJ06JiiHOM y 1655 p., TO KOMaH,A)'B3"1 MOCKOBCbKOfO KOpnycy B. nyrypJiiH B3HB qacTMHY J.lO MocKBM, J,le BOHa i1 HMHi nepe6yna€. Canmmc 6y.IUJ eJRmo 6panoen6yp3'bKUMU JotapKzpafja.Mu- SIK cniJ.lt.II1Tb xpouiKa .HHa 3 \.JapHKona, CaHTOK JaxonHJIH oii1CbKa Xacco ny fyxTeuraiiua, cTapocTI1 6paH,Aeu6yp3bKoro MapKrpa<J.>a 0TTOH3. c.82

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cmapa KO/JOAeea, .Mamu JlwouiKa- ii)J.eTbCH npo E.nh:>t<6ery - J.lOHbKY BJia.D.HCJlasa JloKOTKa, cecTpy Ka311M11pa Ill, .RKa y 1320 p. BHHWJia 3aMi)l( 3a Kapna I Po6epTa. pmcy 1377- ononi.l.laHHH npo Koponeny E.nb:>t<6ery i JU1TOBChK11H Hana.u ua Donbuzy, npo ne-rpawa i3 c. I>apaHona, KOH¢niKT 3 yrop~HMH y KpaKoui, MeuwolO MipoiO npo no.n.anhwe BJ11TIH EeJIJa i1 o6Jiory XoJIMa nOJlbChKUMI1 Ta yropcbK11MI1 niiiCbKaMn. CMepn, Koponesu E.nb>K6eTI1 €, no C}'Ti. cKopotieHOIO nepci€IO ni.nnoui.n.Horo ¢parMeHTa xpoHiKw .HHa 3 'YapHKona (Kronika Jana z Czamkowa.- 64-69, 80). JIH 3 \.JapHKona noJ,la€ TOtiHiwe iM'H nwe..!l6opa i3 D:>KC311 (Brzezia), a He EepecTSI (Brzescia). Bo.AHOt.Iac npo Kr.mry Ta M11xai1J1a CnooaKa y fnaHbiHi rosopHTbC11 )J.eTaJlbHiwe nuaCJii.n.oK 3ano3at.ICHb 3 xpouiK M. D€JlbCbKoro TaM. KpoMepa. JtumoeC'bxi K1Ul3i... JlzaUA.o. Bimoem 3 TpoK- BJia.n.ncnan II JlreJIJIO (Jlraiino) 0JJhrep,li.OBIIt.I, 8eJIHKI1H KHH3b JII1TOBCbKI1H ( 1377-1392), nOJibCbK1111 KOpOJib (1386-1434), 3aCH081111K )lll· uacTiiJireJJJIOHiu (naHyuana n Donhu.d y 1386-1572 pp.). BiTOBT, BCJIIIKnii KBH3b JIIITOUChKHH y 1401-1430 pp., Cl111 Kei1cTyTa, .nnmopi;umii 6paT Bna.a.HCJiana II .HraiiJia.

s.

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c.84 Cuzi3.ftt)'H.Oa - CuriJM)'HJJ. JhoKceM6yp3hKHH - 1<oponb «CB.HU.(CHHoi PuMCbKOi iMnepii» y 1410- 1437 pp., iMnepaTop- 3 1433 p., cneKTop 6pan)l.eu6yp3bK11H y 1378-1395, 1411-1415 pp., yropCbKm1 Koponb 3 1387 p. i1oro neprno1o )l.p)')f(HHOJO cnpao.n.i 6yna Mapi.H, )l.OHbKa JlJO)l.BiJ<a YropcbKoro. Tio.n.anhrna po3noni)l.h npo ltoro nepe6ynaHHH y Tionhu.d, a)l.o6yrr.H 3aMK)' Ko3MiH Ta iH., npo CMepTb JliO)l.BiKa YropcbJ<Oro, npo 3)1.11pCTna HaMiCHHKiB JlJOJJ.niKa y Tionbu.d 36ira€TbC.H 3 )l.aH11Ml1 xpoHiKn 51Ha 3 l..JapnKona (Kronika Jana z C zarnkowa.- S. Ill). nanu rpuzopiR- fp11ropi1'1 XI- p11MCL>Kl111 nana y 1370-1378 pp. 13 JIJOToro 1375 p. niH B11]laD 6ynny 11.(0)1.0 3aCH)'BaHH.H KaTOJI11UbKOI IJ,epK811 Ha 3aXi)l.HO)'KpaiHCbK11X 3eMJI.HX Ta KaToJIIU.(bKl1X ETIHCKoncTB y fanut.Ii (apxiEm1cKoncTno ), TiepeMHUIJii, Bono.n.uMHpi Ta XonMi. .lJ.un.: rp)'UJ. e8Cb'KUU M . lcTopi.R YKpatHl1- PycH.- K. , 1994.- T. 5.- c. 428. KopoJte.M.. Bawzaeo.M.- Bai.()Jan IV - t.JecbKHH Koponb y 1378- 1419 pp. epo?ytaBCb'Ki .MiUJ,auu nociKJLu 6~Ku- po3noni.n.h npo TaK 3BaHy nMBHY sit:IHy 1381-1382 pp. y Bpol.(Jiasi .n.eTanbHirne i1 TOt.JHirne no.n.aHa y xpoHiui .HHa 3 l..JapHKOsa (Kronika Jana z Czarnkowa.- S. 85-86). Bpoi.()JaBCbKHM EDHCKOTIOM 6yn TO,U.i ( 1382-1417) KOJI11lliHiH JICfHI1UbKI1H KH.H3b (31375 p.) Bai.()JaB II (noMepy 1419 p.). c.85

o6pa3 ,l(ieu Mapii'- i1.n.eTbC.H npo Hai13HaMeHHTirnl1Ht.J)')l.OTBOpHHi1 o6paa (T. as. l..JopHa Ma)l.OHHa) Eoropo,a.Hui, .RKHH 6ys CTnopeHHH a YKpaiHi. 06pa3 i HHHi a6epira€TbC.H y l..JeHcToxoscbKOMY MoHaCTHpi i € Hai16inhiiiOIO CB.HTHHeJO B TionbLUi. .Hoeizy- .H.n.nira- nOJibCbKa Koponesa y 1384-1399 pp. 3 1385 p.- cninnpanHTeJibKa 3i csoiM '-IOJioBiKOM Bna.n.HcnasoM II .Hrai1noM, lllJIJ06 3 .HKHM 6yno yKna.n.eHo BHaCJii)l.OK KpescbKoi )'Hill385 p. IJ,.H yHi.R noKJiana not.IaTOK CTnopeHHIO TionbCbKo-JluTOBCbKOi .n.ep)f(aBH i npunena j.(O npHHH.RTT.H JII1TOBI.(.RMI1-.R311'-IHI1KaMl1 KaTOJil11.(113M)'. c.86

CKupzaiiiLa- CKHprai1Jio ( CKupreJIJIO) 0Jibrep,a.oBI1'-I - KH.H3b TPOUbKI1H ( TpaKaHCbKI1H) 3 1382 p., TIOJIOQbKI1H- 3 1387 p., Kl1IBCbKI1H - 3 1395 p. Y 1386-1392 pp. 6yn HaMicHI1KOM.Hrai1Jia B JlHTBi. lloMep y 1397 p. a K11EBi i 6yn noxosaHHH y KI1€Bo-llet.IepcbKii1 naspi. Eopuca- H)l.eTbC.R npo KH.R3.H Eopuca, KH.H3.H noJIOUbKoro y 110 1-1128 pp., ni.n.oMoro cnoPYJl.)f(CHH.HM npasocnaBHI1X xpaMiB Ta MoHaCTHpin y TionoubK)' i 3acHynaHH.HM M. Eopi1Cosa. KWLJeei BiiL·bze.tl:b.J•WBi- BiJibreJibM fa6c6ypr- I<opoJib Ancrpil y 1389-1406 pp.

c.88 3acnyeae 'KOMziyM y Kpa?Coei- ii.n.eTbC.H npo .HrenliOHCbKHH yHisepcHTeT y KpaKoni, Hai1cTapirnl1i1 llOJibCbKI1H yHinepCI1TeT i .n.pyrHH ( nicJI.R Tipa3bKOfO) )'HinepCI1TeT y IJ,eHTpaJibHO· CxiAHiii €nponi. ,l(oMapama- ,l(oMapaT 3 llE)f(XHa rep6a <<ThmMaJia>' (noMep y 1400 p.)- reHepanbHm1 seJII1KOnOJibCbK11H CTapOCTa (1377-1382), 003HaHCbl<l1H KalliTCJI.HH (1382-1399) . .H1ta i Ce.Moeuma- MaiOTbC.H ua yna3i .HHyw I, KH.R3b Bl1UieropOACbKI1i1, uexaHyscbKI111, 3aKpOt.IHMCbKHM, JiiBCbKI1H, BHCbKl1H, napiiiaBCbKl1H y 1374-1429 pp., ttepcbKI1H- 3 1379 p.; i CeMOBI1T (3eMoBHT) IV (V), KH.H3b ttepcbKHH (.n.o 1379 p.), paDCbKm1, coxaqyscbKI-IH, WIO~b­ Kl1H, fOCTHHCbKHH, TIJIOHCbKl1H, BI1CbKI1H, K)'.HBCbKHH, 6eJI3bKI1H ()1.0 1426 p.). 3a1(.fl.i'Ky- 3aKJiiKa 3 Me.lVKHry)f(a i MH)J.JibHHK 6yn I<opoHHHM I<aHl.(JiepoM y 1384-1409 pp., TaKO)f( K)'.RBCbKI1M CTapOCTOIO 3 1389 p. MuKoJUIJ£ 3 MoC?Coxoea- MaETbC.H Ha ysaJi KneMeHc 3 MocKO)f(ena, I<opoHHHH ni,u.I<aHQJiepy 1387-1402 pp., CTapOCTa ni.neHCbKI1H (1389-1390) 1 C.HHOl.(bKI1H (1398-1400).

851


KOMEHTAPI c. 90 Ta.Mej»lan- THM}'P (TMM}'PJieHr)- cepe.AHboaaiaTCbKMH noJIKODO.AeUb, eMip (1370-1405), T8opeub DeJinqeaHoi iMnepil. 3.AiiicHronao aarap6IiHUbKi noxo.AM Ha IpaH, lH.AiJO, 3aKaBJ<a3JR, Type'I'IMH}' Ta iH., poarpoMMB aoJioToop.AI1HCbKoro xaua ToxTaMHWa y 1389-1395 pp., y 6MTBi ni.A AHKapoJO ( 1402) aan,Aan nOT)?I<HOi nopaaKH TYPeUbKOM)' cyJITaH}' 6asi3J1.AY II i noJIOHMB iioro. TYT H.z:\eTbC11 npo T1111<Kf nopaaKY Ha p. BopcKJii, .HKf KOJIHWHiii DacaJI TMM)'pa E,z:t11ra (E.z:tireif, l)(iry) aan,AaB niiiCbKf BemfKoro KH11JincTna Jh-rTOBCbKoro (.Aa.ni- BKJI). E)(ura- eMip BiJJoi Op)(M, nacaJI TMM)'pa y 1376-1391 pp. Y 1396 p. cTan HCJaJICII<HMM npanHTeJieM, aacHODHHKOM HoraiicbKOi op)(H. Y 1399 p. KOMaH~ynan niiicbKaMH, HKi 8 6HTni Ha BopcKJii 3ao.zr.a.TJH THII<KOi nopa3KH BiTonry. llOJihChKi xpoHicnt noMHJJKOno nna~~<a.JJH iioro i D uei1 qac naca.JJoM THM)rpa.

c.91 c6. EpuziiJu- C8. Bpuri.Aa (6JI. 453-523) noxo.zr.HJia 3 lpJiaH~il. aacuysaJia MOHaCTHP y KiJI)(epi, )(e 6yJia a6aTMCOJO, Ta pH~ hmmx. noxosaHa s KiJI.Aepi, ~e DOI'OHb Ha ii 'leCTb naJias .n.o

1220 p. KHUZU cBRmozoA.J.t6poiJxiR- ii,ll.eTbCH npo CD. AMnpoci11 MiJiaHCbKOro (340-397), MiJiaHCbKOro EnHcKona, 6opuH 3 HJH'IHH~TBOM Ta apiaHCbKOJO EpecciO. B11~aTHRH 6oroCJion i nponosi,nHRK, O.AHH 3 nepWliX TBOpl.\iB xpMCTJ.:IHHCbKHX riMHiD Ha 3axO,Ai, pe<PopMaTop 1.\CpKOBHOfO eniD)~

C6Uopuzai:uta- Cnu,npHraiiJio (BoJiecJian) OJibrep.AODH\1- neJIMKHH KHH3b JIHTOBCbKHi1 y 1430-1432 pp., DiD TPM8a.ny 6opoTb6y npoTM noJibCbKoro KopoJI11 BJia,nMcJiana (HraviJia), cnMpaiO\IMCb ua npasocJiammx <Peo,l].aJiis BKJI, aJie aa3Ha8 nopaaKM. DicnH Qboro .lJ.O cnoei cMepTi y 1452 p. 6y8 KH113eM BoJIHHi. BaCU!l.R - BacMJih I - 8eJIRKiiH KH113b MOCKOBCbKRM y 1389-1425 pp. Mazicmp YA'bpix- YJibpix cpoH IOHriHreH- seJIHKHH MaricTp TenToHCbKOro op.AeH)' n 14071410 pp.

c.92 6i.n.R ce.Aa 1iu-tHm6a)'M- H.ACTbCH npo 3HaMCHMTf fpiOHBaJib,li.CbKf 6HTsy, KOTpa si.A6yJiaCH

15 cepnuH 1410 p. Mill< ceJiaMH fpiOHBaJib,lJ. i TaHHCH6ayM y npyccii. UH 6HT8a 3aKiH'<IHJiaC11: 6m1CKY\fOIO nepeMoroiO o6'€.AHaHoro niiici>Ka noJibChKO-Jlin08CbKOi .Aep11<a8H i CTa.Jia nepeJIOMHOIO D xo,ni T. 38. BeJIHKOi niiiHH 1409-1411 pp. HatinonHiWHH om-rc uiEi 6MTBR no~aa y caoiH xpoHiui ,ll..nyrow, i sin eTas ronosHHM _n)l(epenoM )l..II.SI no,na.JiblliHX noJibCbKHX xpoHicTin (o€JibCbKi, KpoMep Ta iH.), HKi 6y;m BHKOp11CTaHi raaHbiHi. ,li.Rn. TaKQ)I(: Dzialania militame w Prusach Wschodnich.- Warszawa,

2001.- S. 39-120.

c.94 e3JUI.u n '.RmoeCJtm npanojJio, R'Ki nooiewtu e KocmW!li ca. CrnaN.ic.ttaea y KpaKiecb'KOMY 3a.MKY- ui npanop11 ~eTaJibHO on11can .ll,.nyrom y cnoEMY Tnopi «D pyccbKi npanopi1>> ( «Banderia prutenorum» ).

c.95 PO'K)' 1411 6)•;w y'K.Ilaoeuo Mup- Ma€TbCH Ha yna3i nepUI111l TopyHcbKHH M11p 1411 p. frYCbKY 1J,ef)1(8Y co. lomma... nrpenecmu- y ncplllO.D.II<epeJii anicTKI1- xponiui ,llJiyrollla- po3nosi,lla€TbCR npo 1.\e npan~uniwe. Bna.nucnau II .HraiiJJO y 1412 p. aseJiin ni.ZJ..D.aTH KaTOJIHKaM Ka<flc,npa.TibHHH cooop, a6y.n.ooaJJI1H u~e nepCMHCbKHM KHH3eM Bono.zr.apeM PocTI1CJiaD114CM , i1 BJ1Kl1H}'TI1 aoi~TH npanocJlanni noxonaHHn, u~o '<IHHI1JIOCn, 3a cnonarvm ,li.Jiyroma, <<npH ripKRX pH.zr.aHHHX, KpHKax j CJib03ax p}'CbKltX CI3Slli~CHHKiD j uapO.ll}', SIKi BBa)l(aJIIi QC Ja Kpai1HIO Kp11B.ll}' i1 o611.zr.y cno€1 pcJiirii>> (TjryuteBCb'KUU l\1. ICTopin YKpahm- Pyc1-1.- K.. 1994.- T. 5.- C. 430). PoK)' 1413- T'fT •1.zr.eTI>CH npo fopo.AeJibCbK}' noJII>CbKO-JlHTOBCbi<Y }'Hiio 1413 p.

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852


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c.98 1w KAenaJI(y- KnenruK - noceJieHH.H ni.n KpaKonoM, JanwnaHe y XII cT. Y 1366 p. Ka3H· MHP III HaJ].as i1oMy MicbKi npasa. Y 1792 p. DKJJIOt.JCHHH.ll.O cKJJaJJ.y KpaKosa. B.izaduCJLaea i Ka:JU.Mupa- Bna.AHCJian III (V) BapHeHt.tHK- noJibCbKm1 Koponb y 1434-1444, yropcbKHH KOpOJib (HK YnacJIO I)- y 1440- 1444 pp.; Ka3HMHP IV (II) (5Irai1JioBHt.t) .HreJIJIOH· \fHK- nOJibCbKH~'i KOpOJib y 1447- 1492 pp. 6umey niiJ Bapnmo- 6HTBa niJJ. BapHoiO, y KoTpii1 3a3Han T.SJ)f{KOI nopa3KH i JarHH}'B KopoJib Bna.a.HCJiaa, CTanac.H 1O.XI.1444 p.

c.99 PoKy 1325 - .npyKapCbKa nOMHJIKa D opHriHaJii xpoHiKH roaHbiHi. Ot.term.z:tHO, T}'T Ma€ 6yr11 iHllla .naTa- 1425. l.JULR ... e01oeae 3 6pamoM Cme¢aHo,u,- IJIJI.H - MOJI,AaBCbKHH rocno11.ap y 1432-1444 pp.; CTecpaH - MOJI,nasCbK11H rocno.nap y 1432-1447 pp. mamapCbKuii xau ll!aXMarn- IllaxMaT (Ca.a.axMaT) Hanan Ha Tio.a.iJIJI.H y 1450 p., JJ.ililllOB .ll.O ropOJJ.Ka i1 EeJI3a. ,llaHi npo ue BMiiUeHi y xpoHiui M. E€JibCbKOrO (Kronika Marcina Bie1skiego.- T. 1.- 711), O)J.HOMY 3 )J.)f{epeJI TBopy rsaHbiHi. tjmc. lcuiJop- lcliJJ.Op- KHIBCbKHH MI.nponOJI:HT y 1437-1463, rpeK 3a noxo,n)f{eHH.HM. Icn.nop npni1H.HB <l>nopeHTiilchK}' yHiiO 1439 p., ane 3a3Has uinKOD:HTOi Hes.n.at.~i y cnpo6ax Janpona,AHTH II s KMIBcbKii1 1\UiTponoJiil. l.Jepe3 ue niH M}'CHB eMirpynaTH .no ITanil, .n.e i1 noMep . .[{11n.: lj•iJ.m1c. 5. Kp11aa i pecpopMa. KHIBCbKa MHTpononiR, Uapropo.n.cbKHH naTpiapxaT i reHe3a EepecTeiicbKOi yHii.- Jlbsia, 2000.- C. 59-62. €ezeuiu- €nreuiH IV- p11MCbKHi1 nana y 1431-1447 pp. AiLWpexm- Arlb6pexT II (V) - iMnepaTop «CBHIUeHHoi PHMCbKOI iMnepii » y 1438-1439 pp.

s.

c.lOl V- yropCbKHH KOpOJib y 1444-1457 pp. iM.nepamopoei (/>piopixoei- <l>pi.n.pix III- Koponb «CB.HIUeHHoi PHMCbKOi iMnepil» y 1440-

JlaOuCJL.a80M- JlaCJIO

1493 pp.; iMnepaTop 3 1452 p • .H'JWUUJ,XywWi-RHow f}'HR.U.i (XyHMi) (1407-1456)- HauioHaJibHHii report YropiUMHH, BHJJ.aTHHii ,u.ep)l(aBHHH Ta niikhKosnii ,u.iRt.t. Y 1441-1444 pp. 6yo npanHTeJieM TpaHciJibsaHii, sin ycniwHi BiHHU npoTH OcMaHCbKOi iMnepii Ta iMnepii ra6c6yprin. y qepaHi 1446 P· po3rpOMHB 'I'}'PeUbKi niiicbKa ni,u. EEJirpa,noM, 11\0 ni,u.crpo'IHJIO T)'PCUhKe aanoiODaHHSI Yropll\HHH Ha 80 poKis. KM:i.Max- <l>iJiin KaJIJiiMaX - Bi,D.OMHH nliCbMeHHHK·ryMaHiCT Ta icTopnK XVI CT. rsaHbiHi, O'leBMAHO, BHKOpHcTonynan iioro Tnop11: Historia de rege Wladislao, seu clade Warnensi.Augsburg, 1518; Historia spraw Atyle, kr61a w~ierskiego.- Krakow, 1574.

c.l02 MOAOaBCb1CUU

zocnoiJap l(paKyAa- BJia,u.HCJias II ,npaK}'Jia- rocno.nap Banaxii y 1435-1446;

1476-1479 pp. cyAman MypaiJ-

Mypa.u. II - T)'peubKHH cynTaH y 1421-1443, 1446-1451 pp.

853


KOMEHTAPI c.l03

rpuzopiii 3 CJm,mca- fp11ropiH 3 CHHOI<a (C.SIHOQbK11i1) (1407-1477)- BH,AaTH11H <f>inoco<f> i f}'MaHicT, Qept<OBHI1H i KyJJbT)'PHHH ,niSJq TioJJbll\i Ta Yt<paiHI1. Hapo,nHBC.R o CHHOt<y, Hasqascs s Kpat<iBCht<ii1 At<a,neMii ( 1428-1433), CJI)?I<HB BI1XOBaTeJieM c11HiB t<pat<iBCbt<Oro noeso,n11 .HHa TapHOBCbt<oro, CJI}')K11B npH .nnopi nan11 €nreHiH IV, 3 1440 p.- npo6o~ y BeJJHqQi. 5lt< t<aneJiaH t<opom1 BJia,nHCJJana III BapHeH'Uit<a i uoTapii1 t<opoJiiBCbt<Oi KaHQeJIHpii 6pas yqacTb n yropCbKOMY (1440) i oapHeHCbi<OM)' (1444) nOXO,ll.aX, noTiM CJI)')KI18 np11 ,nsopi JIHOWa fyHH,ni. 3 1451 p.-JJhnincbKHH apxien11ct<on. IloMep y Porani.Hi. c.l04

i B;wiJuCAao - MaiOTbCH Ha ynaai EoJiecnas IV, t<H.R3b napwaaChKHH, 3aKp0'1HMCbKHH, QexaH)'BCbKHH, JIQM)I(I1HCbKI1H )' 1428-1454 pp., KHH3b nJIOQbKHH Ma306C'lj'b'Ki 'KH.R3i 50JteCAao

a 1444 p.; TaKO)I( Bna,n11CJJao I, t<HH3b nJIOQbKHH, BHCht<Hii, aat<wenchKHH, WIOHChKI1i1, pasCbKHH, coxaqyscbt<l1H, rocTHHCht<Hii, 6eJI3hKHi1 (.no 1455 p.). KmtpaiJoM ¢011 Ep11.ixcxay3m- KoHpa,n <f>oH EpJiixcrayJeH - seJIHKHH MaricTp TeBTOHCbKOro op,netry s 1441-1449 pp.

c. 105 PoMa'H- PoMaH II - MOJI,nascbKHH rocno.nap y 1447-1448 pp. llempa, ama PoMaua- IleTpo- MOJI,ll.ancbKHH rocno.uap y 1448-1449 pp.

c.l06 Eo2iJau- Eor,naH II - MOJI,ll.aBCbKI1H rocno,nap 1449-1451 pp. llempo, xompuu 6yo MOAiJaoCb'KUM 2ocnoiJape.M- TieTpo AapoH - MOJI,ll.aBCbK11H rocno,ll.ap

y 1451-1457 pp. poKy 1452 Maca mamap- ii,neThCH npo ,nna Hana,nn op,nHHU.in: 1) Ha Eap (iHwa Haana MiCTa: Pis-CTpHHI<OBCbKHi1}; 2) Ha Jlbsin, onncaHi paHiwe y xpoHiu.i E€JlbCbKOro (Kronika Marcina Bielskiego.- T. 1.- S. 718, 720). llepeKonCbxuu xau A'~tu-Fipeii- Xa.n:>Ki-fipei:f - nepw11i1 KpHMCbKHH xaH (naHysan }' 14281456 pp.). O/J)'JICU'Ha Kopomo Kasu.Mupooi, yiJooa- T}'T noMHJIKa. Hape'leHa KopoJIH €JIH3aneTa (E.nb)l(6eTa) ra6c6ypr MaJia TO,ll.i HCOOBHHX 17 poKiB i ,ll.OBO,ll.HJiaCH AJib6pexry ,ll.OHbKOIO, a He ,11.pptUIHOIO (.ll.11n.: Bogucka M. Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk.- Warszawa, 1978.- S. 55). JaCHJOao 'KOCm'boA ua CmpaiJo,fi- fnaHbiHi .ne~o noMHJI.RETbCH. KocThOJI i KJIHliiTOP Ha 'feCTb en. EepHap.na 6yn 3acHonaHJ1i.f Kap,nwHaJIOM OnecmiU.bKHM y 1455 p. ni.u BaseJieM (Ha cyqacHiii nJio~i EepHap.Ul1HCbKil1}. Y 1655 p. u.ei1 KOCTbOJI 6yn apyiiHonaHHH wne,nchK11MH BiHCbKaMH, aJie noTiM ni.u6y/.l.OUaHI1H. c.I07

KaJUMup, 3i6jJaowu... aiuC'b'KO,

pyuwo- i1.neTbCH npo noqaTOK TpnH3.li.U.HTHJiiTHbOi nilm11

1454- 1467 pp., 51KY noJibChKO-JII1TOl3CbKa .uep:>Kana B11rpaJia y TeBTOHCbKOro op.neHy. .ll.HB.: Grzegorz M. Pomorze Gdanskie pod rz(\dami Zakonu Krzyiackiego w latach 1308-1466.Bydgoszcz, 1997. JhoiJai2a- J110,nnir <f>ou EpJiixcrayJeH - ne;mKJ.1H MaricTp TcnTOHCbKoro op.neny B 14501467 pp. E11Tna ni.u Xoi1niKaMw ni;.l6y;•acH 18.1X.1454 p. c.l09 mamapu oo?OaaAu P)'Cb'Ki 3e.M.Ili- npo u.ei1 HacKoK ,ll.OKJia.U.Hirue ronopi1TbC51 y xpoHiu.i

M . E€JibCbKOro, npH'IOMY ni.U3HattaETbCH 51K nepwa nepeMora ua.u opA11HU.51MI1, TaK i no..!taJibrua nopa3Ka, nnacJii.U.OK qoro JarunyJiu cTapocTa Bapcf>oJIOMill Ey'faU.t>Kui.f i RH Jla~ (Kronika Marcina Biclskicgo.- T. 1.- S 754).

854


KOMEHTAPI c.llO y1uzaB 3coiJy- Ma€Tbot Ha yna3i .llpyrui1 TopyncbKHH Mwp

1467 p., SIKWM Mana 3aKiH'IWTHCH

TpHH3.ZU.VITHJJiTHH nii1Ha MilK lloJJhll\CIO Ta TenTOHCbKHM op.ueHOM. 0cTaHHii1, 3a3Hasum nopa3KH y niiiHi, cTasas aacanoM nonhmi. BenHKI1M MaricTpoM Op,neHy 6yn TO.ZJ.i J1JO,ZJ.nir cpoH Epnixcray3eH. Kopo.Ao!pJICi- Ipmi llo,ZJ.e6pa.u- KOpOJib 4exily 1458-1471 pp. B.AaiJuC.Aaea- B;m,ZJ.HCJJan II RreJIJJOH- '-ICCI>KHi1 Koponh y 14 71-1516 pp., yropcbKHH Ko-

1490-1516 pp. crnapuwu cuu Ka3u.Mupa BAaOu.CJla&- BnaJJ.ncnan (J1a~10w) II Jlrennon- Koponb '-Iexil Ta YropmHHI1 y 1516-1526 pp. Mamiauta- MaTiaw fyHH.ZJ.i- yropcl>K11H Koponb y 1458-1490 pp., CHH JIHoma (.HHywa) fyHSI,ni. Bi.ZJ.3Ha'-lnBcSI y 6opoTb6i npOTII OcMaHCl>KOI Ta fa6c6yp3l>KOI iMnepii1. Y 1468 p. i1oro ponb (YJiacno II) y

ycniwHi .nil npon1 '-Iexil npi1BCJJI1 .ZJ.O nepe,naqi HeJO Yropm11Hi Mopasil, Cine3ii, Jly)!(Hl(b.

ama Ka:nl.Mupa- i1.ZJ.CTbCH npo Kopo;IeBH'Ia Ka3HM11pa ( 1458-1484), HKWi13,n.ii1cHws y

aepecHi 1471 p. Hes.n.any cnpo6y (HacaMnepe.u qepe3 6paK KOliiTis Ha cnJiaT}' aiiiCbKY) 3aHHHTH yropCbKMM npecTOJI.

c.lll .Aucmu iJo nanu- ii,ZJ.eTbCSI a6o npo Danna II, a6o npo CHKCTa IV, '-IHI noHTHcpiKaTH npHna,n.anH si.n.nosi.nHo Ha 1464-1471 i 1471-1484 pp. c.112 MOJLOaBC'b'Kozo zocnooapR Cme¢aua- CTecpaH III BeJIHKHH- rocno.zr.ap Mon.n.asii y 14571504 pp. mypey'b?Cuu cyJLman 3axonu8 Ka¢y- Moaa H'.n.e npo MexMe,n.a II <l>aTHxa (3asoi1oBHMKa), BiHCbKa SIKOrO 3axOn11JII1 y 1475 p. rCJ-IYC3bKY KOJIOHiiO Kacpa ( <l>eo,n.ociH), BCTaHOBMBWI1 TaKI1M 'IWHOM noBHI1H KOHTpon& Ha.Lt Kp11MOM.

c.ll3 .flu 0JL'b6paxm- JIH 0Jib6paxT- llO.JlbCbKHJ1 KOpOJib y 1492-1501 pp. 0.11£1CcauiJp- OneKCaH.ZJ.P - nOJibCbKHM KOpOJib y 1501-1506 pp. Cuzi3MyuiJ- C:wri3M}'H.D. I CTap:wl1, no.JI&CbKI1M KopoJI& y 1506-1548 pp. E.llio:HC6emy- raaHbiHi He ar~ye iMeH .D.BOX ,D.O'IOK (3 CCM11) KOpO.JIH Ka311MMpa, SIKi noMepJll1 y .ZJ.I1TH'-IOM}' aiQi. BoHI1 Ma.JII1 iM 'SI E.n&)!(6eTa.

t:Ppiopix- <l>piApix (<l>pH.ZJ.epHK) - HaiiMOJJO.D.liiHH CI1H KoponR Ka311M11pa, Hapo.n:wncR y 1468 p. Y 1488 p. aiH eTas KpaKinc&KI1M €nHcKonoM, a y 1493 p.- rneaHeHCbKWM apxien11cKonoM i Kap)(11Ha.JIOM. 3JI.a Jlaxecic- nepcoHalf< )(aBHborpel(&Koi Micf>onorii, OAHa 3 Tpbox Moi1p.

c.ll8 3jJaimu?C !Au'H.Cb'Kuu- M11xai1no f.JII1HCbKMH (?- 1534)- yKpaiHCbKI1i1,n.ep)!(aBHI1H .D.iH'-1, seJI11KI1ii MapwanoK .1111TOBCbKI1H ( 1500-1507), KepiBHI1K llOBCTaHHH npOTI1 llOJibCbK<rJ111TOBCb~ Koi .u.ep)f(as11 y 1507-1508 pp. 3aaHaBllll1 nopa3KI1, eMirpynaa .u.o MocKosc&Koi .u.ep)f(aB11, .u.e iioro nneMiHHHQSI OneHa DmHCbKa cTana .upy)!(MHOIO MOCKOBCbKoro KHH3R Baci1JISI III (Ma~ Tip'10 IsaHa IV). Y xo.ni cKJI~Hoi noJiiTH'-IHOi 6opoT&611 aaaHan nopaaKH, 6ys ys'HaHeHHH i OOMep f TIOpMi.

c.l19

I!'bOZO :JIC poKy .•• 'ICPUMC'b'Ki mamapu -

H)J,CTbCSI npo op~HHCbKHH HaCKOK Ha no.u.i}IJijl y 1507 p., .D.OCHTb nonHo on11caHMi1 y xpoHil(i M. 6€JI&C&Koro (K.ronika Marcina Bielskiego.-

T. 1.- S. 940-941). 3oKpeMa, BKa3f€TbCR iM'SI KOMaH~yoaqa KOpOHHHX niWCbK, JlbBiBCbKOro

855


KOMEHTAPl KawTeJUrHa InaHa KaM'.RueQbKOro rep6a «ll&iJI.RB'II.fK», .RKI-n1 poa611n op,nHHUiB ni.n c. BopoHKOBHM 23 JIHOH.R. nepeKonetlKi mamapu- M . .6EJihChKHH ,n.eTaJihHO on11cao ue.H Han~ op,11,11 i nepeMorH Ha.zt HeiO KopOHHoro oi.HcbKa Ha 'IOJii a MHKonaeM KaM'.RHCUhKHM Ta KH.R3CM KocT.RHTHHOM I 0cTp03bKI1M (Kronika Marcina Bielskiego.- T. 1.-S. 963-965).

c.l20 MicmettKOM Oputa- .H.a.eThCst npo oJIIiCK)''IY nepeMory o6'€,nHaHoro ni.HcbKa llonhChKoJli1TOBCbKoi .z\Cp)l(aBM (nt-tTOBChKe, 6inopychKe, yKpaiHcbKe, nonbCbKe) Ha,n apMiEIO MocKOBChKOi .n.ep)l(auu, .AKa CTaJiacR 8 oepecHR 1514 p. ()J.un.: Muuux IO. A. EHTBa ni.o. Opwe10 1514 poKy I I YKpaiHa Kpiab niKM.- K., 2000.- C. 133-137).

c.l2l MaxcUMiltimtoM- MaKCMMiniaH I - Koponh «CnRu~eHHOI PHMChKoi iMnepii>> y 14861519 pp., iMnepaTop- a 1493 p. 5oHa- EoHa Ccpopua ( 1494-1556) - .z\pyra .npyJKHHa Koponst CHri3M}'H.n.a I, MaTip CHriaMyH.n.a AorycTa. Bi.a.irpanaJia 3Ha'IHY ponh y nonin:lttHOMY )I(MTTi llonhud, oco6mmo n ocTaHHi poKM )I(MTT.R Curi3MfH,l\a I. Cuzi:v.tyuiJa Aezycma- CHriaMyH.D. AnrycT- nOJibChKHM Koponh i oeJIHKHM KHR3h JIMTOBCbKHM y 1548-1572 p., KOpOJib Petti nocnOJII1TOI 3 1569 p. AAwpexm - Anb6epT, neJIHKMM MaricTp TenToHChKOro op.a.eHy n 1511- 1525 pp., cniTChKm1

1525-1568 PP· Cmauic.ttaea ma Jlua- CTaHicnao- KHR3h ttepcbK1111, napwanchKHM, aaKpO'IHMCbKHM, uexaHyBChKI.fM, JIOM)I(HHCbKMM, nmuerpo.a.chKHM, Hooropo.a.cbKHM (.z\O 1524 p .); Reyw III - KHR3b KH.R3b npyccii y

'1CpChK11M, oaprnaBCbKHH, 3aKp0'111MCbKI1M, UCXaHyBCbKI1M, JIOMJKJ1HCbKI1M, BI1WerpO.lJ.CbKI111, Honropo.z\CbKHH (.n.o 10.03.1526 p.). )).11n.: Achremczyk S. Historia Wannii i Mazur.- Olsztyn, 1997. nempww- lleTpo IV Papew - MOJI,lJ.aBCbK11M rocno.a.ap y 1527-1538, 1541-1546 PP· .flua, zpa!fta 3 Tap~wea- RH A.Mop TapHOBCbK11M - aeJJMKHM reThMaH KOpOHHHM y 15271559 pp., KaWTCJIRH BOHHiUbK11H- 3 1522 p., pycbK11H BO€BO,l\a- 3 1527 p., CaH,11,0MUpCbK11M BO€BO,lJ.a - 3 1525 p., KpaKiBCbKHH BO€B0,11,a- 3 1535 p ., KpaKiBChKHM KaWTCJIRH- y 15361561 pp. )).11a.: Dworzaczek W. X Hetman Jan Tarnowski.- Warszawa, 1985. 6i.A.R 06epmuua- 06epTHH- MiCTO Ha lloK)'TTi (Ha TCPI:ITOpii cyttaCHOrO ropo.n.eHChKoro p-Hy IaaHo-<l>paHKiochKoi o6n.), .a.e y 1531 p. oiil:cbKa llonbcbKO-JlHTOBChKoi .n.ep)l(aaH po3rpoMI1JII1 MOJJ.D.aBChKi ni.HcbKa. ,l1.11n.: Plewczynski M. Obertyn 1531.- Warszawa, 1994.

c.l22 mpu C01i?&Jl- Hacnpaop.i TaKHi1 e<I)CKT CTDOpiODaJIO ninHiqHe CRHBO, KOTpe 3'.HBJIR€TbCll lHKOJIH B niD.D.CHH11X WHpOTaX DHaCJJi.D.OK flOCHJICHHH COHHqHOl aKTHBHOCTi. OtNuHa- On~mta - OoOJICHChKIIii- TenenHhOB ( noMep y 1539 p.) - siikbKOBI1i1 AiRtt MocKOBCbKoi .nep)l(aBI1, 6os1p11H 3 1534 p. <J>auop11T uapuui OJJeHH fnHHCbKoi, RKa 3 1533 p. 6yna pereHTWCIO cnoro CHHa lnaHa IV. KoMaH.a.ynau MOCKOBCbKHMI:I niikhKaMH y Bi11Hi npoTH BKJI (1534-1537). llo CMCpTi 0. Dli1HCbKOI6yn yn'H311Cii11H 6onpaMl1 i nOMCp y TIOpr.ti. llo.ttRK Map?JiH EM'bCI>Kuu, Kompuu uanucaa piiJHow .Moaow xjJoHiKy llo.!l:hU&i, 32GO)'E- cnpan.a.i, poJropuyry po3nonil(u npo anaHTIOPY Menr.wTHHCbKoro 3naxo,nuMo y xpoHiui E€llbCbKoro. l..J.IO p03nOni,nb y CKOpO'ICHOMY oapiaHTi )'KpaiHCbKIIH xpOHiCT, CKOHOM K11€BO·De"'epcbKOI nanpl1 n. KoxaHOBChKI1ii nepeHic )' 168 1 p. y CBOIO pe.a.aKUiiO «KpolmiKH» <I>. Co¢oHOBH'Ia ( <l>eoiJociu Coifjouoau'lt. XpouiKa 3 JiiTom1cLdu cTapo.a.anHix.- K., 1992.- C. 217).

c.l24 nempe, 6JICe HaiJxoiJum'b 'ltauta .MO.R.... - TYT i .D.aJii M . E€JibCbKI1i1 Dl1CMilO€ npOti,D.I1CBiTiB, RKi uHTfiOTh TCKCT €uaHreJiiR, .a.e M.D.CTbCR npo ocTaHHi .a.ui 3CMHoro )I(HTT.H XpncTa.

856


KOMEHTAPI 3./t)''tUB.•• Jlumt~y 3 IloAb11Je10- i1,ueTbOt npo JhoGniHCbK}' yui1o 1569 p., nHaCJii}lOK .HKo16yno CTBopeuo cninbiiY IlonbCbKO-Jl~-tToncLKY .uep)Kaoy- Pi'-t IlocnoJmTy. Uiii no.uil np~-tcnH'-leHo .uy)Ke neJJHK}' KiJibKicTb .uocni.u)KeHb. ,.Uun. Hanp.: Unia Lubclska i tradycje integracyjne w Europie Srodkowo-Wschodniej.- Lublin, 1999.

c.l26 cf>l'pouuauiJa- <l>cp.Al·maH,u I, Koponh ,,CnHutennor PHMChKOI iMncpii» y 1531-1564 pp., iP.mepaTop 3 1556 p. EajJ6ajJ010- KHSiniH$1 EapGapa Pa,A31minn (1520-1551), noJihChKa Koponena i neJJHKa KHSIrHHSI Jll1TOBCLKa y 1550- 1551 pp., .upyra .upy)KuHa Cnri3MYH.Ua AsrycTa (Taf'MHC niH'-laHHH ai,u6ynocH y 1547 p., ocpiui i1 Ho ue•1wmo6 6yno BI13HaHo qepe3 piK) , ,uoHbKa neJmKoro reTbMaHa nnTODCbKOro IOpiH Pa,u3nsinna, cecTpa M~-tKona.st Pa,u311ninna «Py.uoro». Bi.Jt'bZe.AbMOBi <PJOjJc1neH6epZ)'- BinbreJibM <f>oH <l>10pcTCH6epr- nenmmii MaricTp JlinoHcbKoro op,ueHy D 1557-1559 pp., KOa,D,'IOTOp- y 1556 p. ee.AuKuu KH.R.3'b .!ttOCKOBCbKtdi- i1,ueTbCH npo neJJHKoro KH.st3SJ MOCKOBChKoro IsaHa IV BacuJibOBH'-la, mo naHynan y 1533-1584 pp. (uap- 3 1547 p.). Y 1558 p. niH po3n'SI3an JlisoHChK}' nii1Hy, SJKa TpHnaJJa 25 poKin i 6yna nporpana MocKOBCbKOIO .uep)KaDOIO. J(epnm- HHHi Tapry, MicTo n EcTOHii.

c.l27 Cepe6pRuuii- i1,uCTbC.st npo KHSJ3.st BacunSJ CeMeHODH'-la Cepe6pS1Horo-06oJJeHCbKoro, ni,uoMoro nonK080.AU.st MocKOBCbKOI .uep)KaBH. Epas yqacTh y D3.stTTi Ka3aHi ( 1556), Jli80HCbKii1 8ii1Hi. floMep (oqenH,uHo, 6yn cTpa'-leHHH3 HaKaJY I8aHa IV) y 1570 p. MuKOJ!aii PaiJmeiM- KHSJ3h MuKoJJai1 Pa,nJuninJJ « Py.AHH» ( 1512- 1584) - 8CJJHKHH reTbMaH BKJI y 1553-1566, 1577-1584 pp., 8iJJCHCbKHI1 DO€BO,Aa }' 1566-1579 pp., KOMaH,Ay8a'-l 8iHCbK BKJI y nepeMO)KHiH: YJJhCbKii1 6nT8i 1564 p. Cma'HiCAao ITay, cmOA'b'HU'K xopoAR iiozo .Mocmi Be.Auxozo 'K'HRJiocmoa JlumooCbxozo, xompuu 6yo mooi oime6Cb'KU.M 80E800010- CTaHiCJJa8 Ilau ( 15 25-1588) - ni,uCTOJJiH BKJI 3 1552 P·, BiTe6cbKHH noeso.ua 3 1566 p., KOMaH,uyna8 o6opoHoJO BiTe6cbKa 8i~ MOCK08CbKHX 8iHCbK y 1568 p.

c.l28 Ca1tzymxo KomupC'bxuu - KHSJ3h PoMaH <t>e.uoponuq CaHryruKo (6JJ. 1537-1571)- noJJbHHH reThMaH BKJI y 1567-1571 pp., 6paUJia8CbKHH 80€no.ua y 1566- 1571 pp., )KHTOMHpCbKHif cTapocTa y 1557-1571 pp. Pi.u CaHrylllKin cnpan.ui noxo,u11n si~ fe,uuMiHa (.Jlxooeuxo H. M. YKpaiHCbKa lllJJHXTa 3 Kiuu.s~ XIV .uo cepe.AHHH XVII cT. (BoJJHHb i IJ;eHTpaJJbHa YKpaiua).-

K., 1993.- c. 294-295). 0AeKca'HiJpa R'K coozo zocnoiJapR- OneKcaH,up JienywH.stny - MOJI.Aa8CbKHH rocno.uap y 15521560, 1564-1568 pp.

c.l30 /(MumfXJM Bum'HeBC'/&'b'KU.M- KH.st3b ,li.MJ·i Tpo l8aHOBH'-l BHwHeBeUbKHH ( 3arHH}'B y 1563 p .) ni,uoMui1 }'KpaiHCbKHH 80EHa'-laJJbHHK, qepKaChKHH i KaHi8ChKHi1 cTapoC'ra 8 cepeAHHi XVI cT., 3acuonHHK nepwoi 3anopo3hKOi Ci'-li (Ha o. Mana XopTHU.st).

c.13l mypey'bxozo cyAma'Ha- CyJJeH:MaH I (II) KaH}'Hi- T}'PeQbKm1 cynTaH y 1520-1566 pp.

c.l32 BumHeBC'/&'b'KUU eucie :HCU8U.M iJo mjlbox ouio, a:»e iiozo mypxu 3a6UAU 9 ./1/]'Ka, 'KOAU oiH. npOKAuHM

ixH:bOzo MazOM.ema- coi,nqeuu.st npo TJ>ariquy aarH6eJJ& BHwueoeu&Koro Ta Il.stceQ&Koro onepwe no,z:taHe y xpoHiui M. 6€JibC&Koro, aa<PiKco8aHe 8 }'KpaiHCbKiif uapo,nuiu ,nyMi npo K03aKa BaiiJey, niauiwe o6poCJio nereH;J.aMH • .l(M8. ~eTan&uiwe: Fpytli.tBC'b'KUU M. Eait.n.a-BMwHe8eQbKHH

857


KOMEHTAPI o noeaii 11 icTopil I KH. 3.-C. 108-139.

I

3an11CKI1 YKpaiucbKoro HayKonoro TOnap11CToa y K11eni.-

K., 1908.-

c.l33 MMOaBCb?(UU zocnooap l.A.JzJl-l.nJui Papew- MOJI~aBchKHH rocno~ap y 1546-1551 pp.

c.l34 Koponuuii nioacap6iii CnumeK l1opoan i3 3a1C.Ili1luna- JlanpeHTiM: CmfTeK Hop.naH 6ya neJIHKHM KopoHHHM ni.ncKap6iEM y 1550- 1555 pp. Kope'l!,'b :HCUma- KopeQb- Mipa CHnytmX TiJI, HKa .AOpiDHIOE

100 JI. He BHKJIIOtieHO, IUO

iHKOJIH KopeQb nnyraJIH 3 rapHQeM, HKHi1.nopimuonan 3,28 n. iJo HiMC'l!,'bKoi· 3e.M..I£i, Kornpa .•. miuu.l.ILaCR- ii.neTbCH He TiJihKH npo Pe<f>opMaQiiO, HKa 6epe caiii not~aToK 3 1517 p., a i1 npo CeJIHHCbKY nii1Hy n HiMetJtJ&mi BiHHH Mi:>K KaTOJIHK3MI1 Ta npoTeCTaHTaMH.

1525 p. i no.AaJihllli penirii1Hi

c.l35 MuKOJUlii Peii- M11Konai1 PeM: ( 1505-1569) - nOJihCbKHH rpoMa;J.CbKHM .niHti, nHCbMeHHHK i noeT, «6aTbKO nOJibChKol JiiTeparyp11», HKHM neplllHM noqas Tnop11TH pi~HOIO MonoiD. Bi~o­ Mifi:i TaKO:>K CB0€10 Kp11TI1KOIO KaTOJ111QbKOI l.J,epKBH. BCL!Ienrnun ,4e.M.6inCbKuii- BMeHTHH ,l{eM6iHCbK11M 6yn COH.AeQhKHM KawTeJIHHOM y 15551563 pp., BCJ111KHM KOpOHHHM llUCKap6iEM }' 1561-1562 pp., KOpOHH11M K3HQJICpOM }' 1564-

1576 pp. Y nepeJiiKY 6eJI3bKHX KalllTeJIHHiB iioro He 3HaXO.AHMO. ,l.(11s.: Urz((dnicy wojew6dztwa belzkiego i ziemi chelmskiej XIV-XVII wieku. Spisy.- K6mik, 1992.- S. 37. KPJ.tteB?yl - KpyJieaeQb- noJihChKa Ha3na KeHirc6epra (HHHi- Ka.niHiHrpa.n.).

c.l36 <l>. 3e6:>KH~OBCbK11M He 6ya KOpOHHHM reTbC. JleWHbOBOJlbCbK11H, i C. l.J,iKOBCbKHM, 3ra;J.yBaHi HH:>KtJC.

Kop01t:HUU Zern'bftta'H. (/>JLopiR.H 3e6JfCU006Cb'KUU -

MaHOM, TaK C3MO HK i

c.l37 Kyp6c'bKuu - AH.npiM: M11xai1JIOBliti Kyp6chKm1 (1528- 1583) - DHJHatJHHH pocii1CbKnii noJiiTHtiHHH i nii1chKOBHH .uiHtJ, nHCbMeHHHK. "lJJieH «l136paHHoi1 Pa.Abl», KepiBHHK KaJaHCbKHX noxo.nin 1545-1552 pp., 6pan aKTHBHY yYaCTb y JlinoHCbKii1 nii1Hi, 30KpeMa KOMaH.nyaan noxo.uoM Ha BiTe6ChK (1562) . 30.04.1564 p., .noni.uaBlllHCh npo Jarpo3y apelllry 3 uapcbKoro HaKaJy, nTiK .no BoJihMapa, mo 6yn y pyKax noJibCbKO-JIHTOBCbi<HX ni~IChi<. 3a u e I<OpOJib CHri3MYH/.l AsrycT Ha;J.an i1oMy MaETHOCTi Ha Bommi. A. Kypochi<m1 6pao noTiM yt~aCTb y noxo.uax npoTH MocKOBCbKOI .nep)f(aBH

c. l38 Peee.JI.ft- PeneJih, T06To Ta..nniHH, H11HilllH.H CTOJIJ1Q}l EcToHii·. eernOMau CeuHBCoKuii - M&1KOJJai1 CeHHBChKHH - ncJim<I1&1 reThMaH KopoHH11i1 y 1563-

1569 pp., llOJlbHHH reTbMaH KOpOHimii y 1539-1563 pp., BO€BO.lla 6eJI3bKI1H (3 1542 p .) i p}'CbKHH (3 1553 p.) . uozo 6am'b'KO, ifiiuJIJlUOC'bKUU 'K11Jl3b, cuiJia y 6 JI.JUU'If,i- oaTbKaMH CnriJM)'HJl.a Ill , Mai16yrHbOrO KOpOJIH Pct~i nocnOJIHTOI, 6ym1 KOpOJlb lllneu,il IOxaH III ( 1537- 1592, naHynan y 15681592 pp., y 1556-1568 pp. 6yn ~>iHJJ~HJl.Cbi<I1M KHH3CM) Ta KaTa)f(HHa .HrcJIJIOHKa ( 1526-1583), .npy)KHHa IOxaHa 3 1562 p. BnacJii,noK Mi)f(}'co6uol6opoTb6n IOxaH 6yn yn' }I3HCHnlt cnoiM 6paTOM, lliDC.l.(ChKHM KOpOJICM EpiKOM XN (naHynan y 1560-15G8 pp.) n 3aMK}' rpinCXOJlbl\1 i nponin TaM Mai1:>Ke 10 poKin. PaaoM 3 HHM niwJia ~o n'H3Imui i1oro .ll.PY)l(I1Ha. l.J,10 icTopiiO Jl.OOtTh noBllO on11can M . KpoMep y CBO€MY cneQiaJibHOM)' Tnop i: Kromer M . Hi storja prawdzi\\3 o przygodzie zalosnej ksi(lzC(cia finlandzkiego Jana i kr61cwny pol skicj Katarzyny.- Olsztyn, 1974.

858


KOMEHTAPI c. 139 Koctn.R.1onwta Buumeer1J'bKozo- KHH3b KocniHTMH lnaHOBW{ B11wHene~bKHit ( noMep y 1574 p.) -.>KHTOM1ipCbKI1H CTapocTa y 1571-1574 pp. JIH)'UJ.a 36apa3?>'KOZQ- KHSI3b .flHyw MHKOJiaiiOBii'I 36apa3bKI1ii (noMCp y 1608 p.)- KpeMeHCU.bKI1H CTapocTa }' 1574-1608 pp. Tu.wKeeu~a- iir.wnipHo, H.ACTbCfl npo Bac1111.H THIUKCBH~Ia (noMep y 1571 p.) a6o iioro cuHa IOpin (noMep y 1579 p.)

c.l41 'HUt'IJ,i- !fipaii6imep(lJ.tU- .ll.aJli, OOIIC}'IO~I1 KOHcpJiii<T i3 r.naHChKOM, rnaHbiHi llO.SICHIO€ 3Hacnooa, nKe OJHa'llaE npu6nu3HO Te caMe, u~o i1 cnono <•Kopcap». 3 .nonoMoroiO

~eHH11 ~horo

•<cppai16iTepio», nKi 6a3}'BaJII1Cb y f,AaHChK}'. nOJihCbKHH ypSI.A nparHyn He /lOil}'CTI1TI1 ToprisJii MOCKOBCbKOfO cpnory Ha baJITit~i.

c.l42 mype'IJ,'b'Kozo C)'JLmaHa- MaETbCH Ha ysaJi CeniM II - rypeUhKHii cynTaH y 1566-15 74 pp.

c.l43 Micmetcxa flaJapiJJICuxa- i1:.neTbCfl npo M. HonH IlaJap y ninHi~Ho-cxi.nHii1 Eonrapii, a He IlaJap.n)f(HK Hap. Mapm.~;n, SIKMH poJTawonaHHH y nin.AeHHo-Jaxi.nHii1 qacTHHi QiEi KpaiHH. 5a.R.3em- Da.H311.1J. II- rypeUhK11I1 C}'JITaH y 1481-1512 pp.

c.l44 U!nepamopoM KoHcmaHmuuoM- cs. KoHcTaHTHH I BemiKI1M - siJaHTiHCbKHH iMnepaTop

y 324--337 pp. c.l46 nepeKonC?>'KUM 'l&apeM AiJUJL'b-Fi/JeEM - rroMHJIKa, Ha uei1: nepio.A npMrra,Aa€ rraHysaHHfl KpiiMCbKOro xaHa,l(eBJieT-fipen I (rraHynan y 1551-1577 pp.).

c.l49 npycC'b1CUU1CHJl3'b- H.lJ.CThCH rrpo Jfa.ll.aHoro n11~e Anb6pexTa I BpaH.neH6yp3bKoro, ocTaHHboro BCJIHKOro MariCTpa TeBTOHCbKOfO Op.ll.CH}' i rrepmoro CBiTCbKOro KHH3H Ilpyccii, 11KHH llOMep y 1568 p.

c.l50 Rxi moHyJLu y Mopi- Qei1: a6JaQ y BH.AaHHi 1611 p. e .necpeKTHHM (npH Ha6opi TCKCT 6yn 3Ma3aHHi1), i TOMY He see MO)f(Ha rrpO'liHTaTH. Jb.M6e'IJ,'b1CUU- €:lKi JlanoseubKHH (rroMep y 1575 p.) - pychKHI1 noeso.na 3 1569 p., 6ys llOJibHHM feTbMaHOM KOpOHHHM y 1569-1575 pp. C/>peiJepi1COM- <l>pe.nepiK II- Koponh ,l(aHil y 1559-1588 pp. 1Cop01/Jl, Cme¢aua- CTe<f>aH EaTopii1:- KOpOJib Peqi nocnOJIHTOI y 1576-1587 pp.

c.l53 noiu!fio/JMJ6a6 zem'bMa'lta- T}'T CJIOBO ~reTbMaH» D)f(11TO }' 3HaqeHHi «CTapWHH». fio.ll.iJibCbKHH BOEBO,Aa MHKOJiaH MeJICQbKHH 6yo BCJIHKHM reTbMaHOM KOpOHHHM rri3Hime, y 1578-1580 pp. ~11a.: Przybyliftsld R. Hetman wielki koronny Mikolaj Mielecki (ok. 1540-1585).-

Torun, 2003. c.l61 ifipau?J,y3'l1Kozo 1eop01/Jl, i tJi{) ilozo 6pama TeHpixa- i1:,1l.eTbCH npo cppaHQY3hKOro KoponH y 15601574 pp. Kapna IX Til iioro Mono.nworo 6paTil repQoraAinKyi1:cbKoro, y Maii6}'THbOM}' Kopoml Peqi nocrrOJIHTOiy 1573-1574 pp. i KOpOJIH <l>paHQiiy 1574-1589 pp.

859


KOMEHTAPI c.l62 KaM ~nu•yt~?Cuu cmapocma E]'tayt~?Cuu- O'leBH~HO, T}'T

i,D.eTbCH npo MHKOJiaH ToopooCbKoro-Ii}"'aU.bKOro (nOMep y 1595 p.), KaM'HHCU.bKOrO ni,D.KOMOphr (1570-1592), 6apCbKOrO crapocry (1571-1588). ,A~-tn.: Przybos K. Urzttdnicy wojew6dztwa Podolskiego XV-XVIII wieku.- Spisy. Krakow, 1994.-S. 207.

c.l63 .fbta tPifJ.AeR- Rn <l>ipJJei% (noMep y 1574 p.)- neJJHKHH KopoHHHH MapwanoK y 15631574 pp•• JII06JJiHcbKHH noeoo~a 3 1561 p., KpaKiBCbKHM noeno,D.a i CTapocTa 3 1572 p.

c.l64 Mu?Co.Jtaeei Kpummo¢oei PaiJ3uewoei- MHKOJJai% KpH1IITo<P

Pa~3HBiJIJI «CHpiTKa»

(2.08.1549-28.02.1616) - Aep:>t<anHHH i nii1cbKOBHM AiH'I Pe'li IlocnoJJHTOI, CHH MHKOJJ3Jl Pa· A3HBiJIJJa «l..JopHoro». Hecni3bKHH opAI,IHaT, MapwanoK neJJHKHH JJHTOBCbKHii (1579-1616), niJJeHCbKHH noeno,D.a (1604-1616). Hanqaoc$1 n yHineponeTax CTpac6ypra Ta TI06iHreHa. BiJJ.OMHH cooiM nanoMHHI..J.TDOM y Casrry aeMJIIO y 1583 p., on11c $1KOro 3aJII1WHB y JJaTHHOMOBHOMY mo~CHIUIKY noAopo)Ki (on,naHHH y EpaHeBo, 1601). AKTHBHHH yqacHHK JlinoHChKoi aii1HH, aoKpeMa, 6pao yqacTb B o6Jiorax YJIH, TioJIOUhKa Ta TicKona. 0AHH 3 KepiBHHKia aiitchK, srKi npu.D.ylll}'BaJIH noncTaHHSI C. Hanuaai1Ka 1594-1596 pp., yqacHHK EepecTeHCbKOro co6opy 1596 p., Ha SIKOMY 6yJio nporoJiollleHo u.epKOBH}' yHiiO. 3acHyaaa €3YITCbKHii KOJieriYM y Hecabtd, npo mo faaHbiHi ara,D.ye HanpHKiHui JJHTOBCbKOi qacTHHH cnoei xpoHiKH. c.165

J,tamip '10 Kamepuuo10- KaTepHHa Me~i'li ( 1519-1589) - JJ.PY)KHHa <f>paHU.Y3bKOro Koponsr <l>paHU.HCKa II, MaTH KopoJJiB KapJJa IX i feHpixa III, KOponenH Maprap11TI1 . .Mapzapumo'IO- MaprapHTa (Mapro) Banya- ocTaHHH npeACTaBHHI..J.SI ,lJ.11HacTil Banya, ,D.OHbKa <J>paHuyahKOro KopoJJH <I>paHUHCKa II, cecTpa cppaHU)'3bKHx KopoJJiB KapJJa IX i feH· pixa III, ~py:>t<HHa feHpixa IV 6yp6oHa, cppaHU.Y3hKoro Koponsr y 1589-1613 pp. pUMCb?Cozo nanu- Ma€TbCSI Ha yaaai fp11ropiii XIII, pHMCbKHH nana y 1572-1585 pp.

c.166 caKcOHCb'Kuii ?C'H.Jl3'b Ka3wtup- HCTO'IHicTb, caKCOHCbKHM «yp<}>IOpCTOM y ueii nepio.D. 6ya AnrycT (naH)'naay 1553-1586 pp.).

c.l72-178 On11c a'l3.ey fcHpixa (feHpiKa) Banya .D.O KpaKoaa 6yn HanncaHHM, O'-ICBIUHO, a BHKopacraHHHM aipwoaaHoro Tnopy «B''i3.D. feHpiKa i1 KopmtauiH>>, BI1.D.py«ynaHoro y KpaKoni y 1574 p., Ha HKHii nocHJJa€TbCH i M. CTpHi1KoBCI>K11t'l. jl,1m.: CmpuiiKoBCb'KUU l\1. XpoHiKa I I BcecaiT.- 2004..M 9-10.- C. 113. PH.D. c.paKTiB CTOCOBHO nauynaHHH feHpixa BaJJya, CTe<f>aHa EaTopiSI fsaHbtHi Janoa11•ma a xpmriKH M. D€JibCbKoro (Bielski M. Kronika Polska.- Krakow, 1597.- S. 704-733).

c. ISO mype'lf,'b'KUii C)'A1nau- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaJi Jra.D.amtil BJ11UC (c. 142) CeJJiM II. EoziJmw- 6or,D.aH JlenywHHHY- MOJI.D.aBCbKHH rocno.D.ap y 1568-1572 pp. llempWLa, 6pama (Ja.Jl.aC'b'KOZO 80E(J00U- ncTpo v KpnnHit- MOJI)laBCbKI1i1 rocnO.D.ap y 15741577, 1578-1579, 1582-1591 pp. C6efrt<o8coKuii- InaH Cn11pronci>KHi1 (Cnep'-IORCbKIIii)- reTbMaH BiilcbKa 3anop03hKOro y 1572-1574pp.

c.l81

JWzoifiem- y Toro\.faCHHX MoJI,D.aBChKii% Ta BaJJaCbKit'J .D.Cp)l(aDax JJoro<t>eTOM Ha311BaJiu KaH· UJiepa (ncpmoro MiHicTpa).

860


KOM EHTAPI c.182 BpiUtu- Epei'na- MicTO y IH1:>KHiti Tct.til .llptaio (ua cxo.ni cyt.taetiOI PyMyHil). c.184 mRZU.HCOKU1i 3fV.tOK-

ii.n.eTbC.si npo JaMOK MicTa Eeu.nep11 n Mon.nanii', uto H.oro I<OJIHCb

na3nDaJII1 Tnrm-re10.

c.190 TlepHoB- cyt.tacHe MicTo OJJpHy n EcTouil. nOA'bHozo ztmLMtaH.a CeuJUJcoxozo- MuKonai1 CenJJilCbKHii rep6a ,,JleJJiua» (noMep y 1584 p.) 6yn llOJibHHM reTbl\laHOM KOpOHHI1M y

1575-1584 pp., K3M'.siiiCI.lbKI1M K3WTCJUHIOM y 1576-

1584 pp., TaKO:>K CTpHifCbKIIM CTapOCTOIO. l.fop'liUUJlic- HeiCH)'IOt.t11ii HIIHi 311at.JHIIH JiiCOUI-fH M3CI10, HKHll 6yu p03T3lUOBaHHH no6mtJy lJt1r11p11Ha.

nooiJl'bC'bKOZO 80E800J MuKOAaR MCilelj'bKOZO- MHKOJiai1 McJICf-lbKHH rep6a «fpH<f>» (noMep

11.05.1585) 6yn B~JIHKHM rCTbM3HOM KOpOHHIIM y 1578-1580 pp. , nO,AiJibCbKHM BO€DO,AOIO y 1569-1585 pp., TaKO:>K BOHHif.lbKHM KalllTCJI.siHOM ( 1569), CTapOCTOIO XMCJibHHf-lhKHM ( 155 71561), ropo.nel.lbKHM (1561 ).

c.193 iMnepamop MaKCUJrtifliaH.- MaKCHMiniaH II fa6c6ypr- i~~tmepaTop «CBHutCHHOI PnMCbKOI iMnepil» y

1564-1576 pp.

meeiJC'b?Cuu 1eopOA'b- ii,neTbCH npo BHuteara.naHoro IOxaHa III. wmzopooCbKUU eoceooa Eamopiu- w,neTbCH npo BH~eJra}laHoro (c. 150) CTe<f>aHa EaTopiH, HKMH 6ya KH.SI3eM TpaHciJibBaHil y

15 71-15 76 pp.

c.l95 .fbta 3a.M.oUC'b?COZO- .HH 3aMOMCbKHM ( 1542-1605) - BH}l3THHM .nep:>KaBH11M i noJiiTWIHI1H .niHq Peqi llocnoJIHTol. 06ii1:MaB pH.n BaJKJII1BI1X noca.n, y nepwy qepry KopoHHoro K3HLVIepa

(1578-1605) Ta reTbMaHa BCJII1KOrO KOpOHHOrO (1581-1605). 16.10.1584) 6ys KopoHHI1M KaHJ..VIepoM y 1564-I 5 76 pp. 06ii1Man T"aKi noca.n11: KpaKiscbK11i1 KaLUTeJIHH ( 15 76-1584), KalllTeJIHH COH.lJ,Cf-lbK11H ( 1555-1563), KOpOHHI1H ni}lcKap6iH: BCJII1K11H ( 1561-1564) Ta iH. AA'b6pexm <l>piopix- Al:Ib6pexT II <l>pi.D.pix- 6paH,neH6ypJbKJ.dt Kypq>IOpcT y 156816I8 pp. BaJieHTHH (BaJieHT11) ,li.eM6iHCbKHi1 rep6a <<PasHq» (noMep

c.l96 ziJmtCbxy )!(yJLaoy- )J(yJiasa (a f,naHChKY i B MaJib6opKy) - f-lC H113HHa, HKa 6yna paHime 3aJJI1Ta so,naMI1 BicJm.

Y 1288 p. a iHil.liaTHBI1 seJJHKoro MaricTpa xpecTOHOCL\iB )l{ynana 6yna

ocyweHa aa .nonoMoroiO rpe6enh i KaHaJJiB.

c.l99 Mu'KO/I..all, 3e6:JICuiJoeCbKozo- M11Konai1: 3e6:>KI1JlOBCbKHH ( noMep 17.06.1620) 6ys CTapocroiO

(1582), p111.\bKI1M (I585-1620), KpaKiBCbKI1M (1585-1620), JIHHQKOpOHCbK11M ( 159Q-1598), CHHTI1HCbKI1M ( 1596-1620), no€no.no10 JII06niHChK11M ( 1589-I 597), KpaKiBCbKI1M (1601-1620), MapWaJIKOM BCJII1KI1M KOpOHH11M {1596-1600).

CTCH:>KHQbKHM

c.200 KOC1TlJI.umu'lt, x'H.R3'b Ocmp03'bKuu- KHJIJb KocTJIHTMH II (KocTHHTMH-BacHJJb) 0CTJ>03bKHH (1526-1608)- BH,l¥1THHH }'KpaiHCbKHH DOJiiTI1t.J:HHH i K}'Jih'Ij'pHHH ~iJit.J:, BOJII1HCbKHH MapWaJIOK (31550 p.), Kl1iBCbKJ.dt B0€80}l3 (3 1559 p.), CeHaTop (3 1569 p.)

861


KOMEHTAPI c. 201 1562 p.). H.AeTbCH, O'IC8J1AHO, npo o.u.uoro 3 iioro nfHi8: .Huywa (noMep y 1629 p.) a6o M11xai1.na (noMep y 1587 p.). ceozo cunallnywa- KHSI3b .Huyw 0cTp03bKHM (1554-1620), CHH KHS13Sl KocTS~Hnma II 1CH..R..1A 3ac.n.aeC'b?COW- Ha TOJ'i 'lac KHSl3b .Huyw 3aCJiaUCbKHi1 noMcp (y

0cTp03bKOro.

c.202 Mamyc 6ye 6pamo~t iJamCbKozo KojJOM- Man-rye ( 1540-1583)- .naTCbKHH npHHLt, 6paT ,naTCbKOro KopoJJSI <I>pe.D,epiKa II. llicJJSI Toro .nK KypmiH,nCbKC Ta EaeJibChKC €ITHCKoncTna 6y;m npu.l{6aui <I>pe.D.epiKOM II, ocTaHHiH nepe.u.aa lx ni.n ynpan11iHHS1 MarHycy. Y 1573 p. o.npYJKM8cS~ Ha nJJeMiHHHI.\i l8aHa IV Mapii, cTanwH TaKMM "lfHHOM coJOaHMKOM MOCKOBCbKOro uapSI

y JiinoHCbKiH ninui. O.u.uaK, aaaHanwM uen.u.a'll np11 cnpo6ax OBOJIO.U.iTM Pe8eJJeM, y 1578 p. CTaB COJ03HiiKOM Peqi nocnOJIJiTOi.

MarHyc

KeCb- Ma€TbCSI Ha y8aai MiCTO, SIKe 1-mui Ha3H8a€TbCSI BeHTcniJJc (JiaTniH).

J!yue.M6ypz- Mona

M.D.e npo M. ,llayranpiny, ll.\O CTOITb ua.u. 6eperoM oaJJTHKH n rHpJJi ,lla-

yranH.

Ko1eenxay3- KoKeurayc, npanHJJbHiwe KoKeHrayaeH. HHHi M. KoKuece (JiaTniH) BHll.\C piKoJO ,llayra80JO oi.u. P11r11, Ha nio.u.eHHHH cxi.u. ni.u. ocTaHHbOl. BOJt'b.Map- Ma€TbCSI ua ynaai BOJJbMap, cy•·laCHHH BaJJMi€pi.

c.203 Peee.JtR,- cyqacue M. TanniHH - CTOJJHQH EcTOHii. llepuoe- cyqacue M. ilS!pHy B EcToHii. Ei.JLuu Ka.JotiU'b- Ma€TbCSl Ha y8a3i BaikeHwTai1H (oiJJI1H KaMiHb). Cyqacue M. nau.u.eH, ll.\O po3TaWOBaHe MaH)f(C n QeHTpi cyqacHoi EcTOHii, 6JJJ1)f('IC .u.o ninHo"lfi. /!epnm- cyqacHe M. Tapry n EcToHil. <l>e.ai'H.- npaBI1JJbHiwe <I>enniu. Cy'laCHe M. BiJibSIH.Ai 8 EcTouii, litO poaTawonaHe Mi)f( llS~puy i Tapry. npH6JJH3HO Ha o.u.HaKooii1 ni.D,cTaHi oi.n. Hwx. Mapie1-1.6ypz- MapiEH6ypr (MaJJbreM6opr), cyqacHMH AnyKcHe y ninHitJHo-cxi.u.Hii1 JlaTnii. MuKOJtacM PaiJ3U8WOM... zem'b.Mauo.M- H.lJ.CTbCSI npo KHS13SI MHKOJIM Pa.u.aHniJJJJa «Py.n.oro» (JJ.11B. KOMCHT. .lJ.O C. 127). rapaff)piJy- MMxaMJIO fapa6yp!la - 811.lJ,aTHI1H .AMITJIOMaT BKJI i Pe'lli nocnOJIHTOI, nHcap BKJI, a.n.iiiCHIOBao, 30KpeMa, nocoJibCTna .u.o KpHMChKoro xaucTna ( 1559), MocKOBChKOi .n.ep)f(a811 (1560, 1563-1564, 1566). ,llHB.: rpQ./Ut U.I1BaH MHxaiiJJOB BHCKOBaTI.IH.- M., 1994.

c.205 00 ceMuzopoocbKOZO eoeooou- Kpl1LUTOcp oaTopii'I - KHH3b TpaHCillbDaHil y 15 76-1581 pp .• 6paT CTecpaHa EaTopiH.

zem'b.Mau Kpummorj) PaiJ3uBi.aJt, ei.JLe'HC'bKuu ooeeoiJa- KpHmTo<f> I Pa.A3I1DiJJJI «llepyH» (9.02.1547-20.11.1603)- Kpaill.fi1H BKJI (1567-1569), ni.n.t.Jawui'I BKJI (1569- 1579), reTbMaH noJJhHHJ1 JlHTOBChKHH: (1572-1589), KawTCJI51H TPOUbKHH (1579-1584), ni,nKaHI~nep BKJI (1579-1585), neJIHKni1 reTbMaH JIHTOBCbKHi''I (1589-1603), niJICHChKHi1 noEno.na (1584-1603). c.206 mype'/&'I>'KOZOC)'Jtnza'H.a- MypaJJ.lii-rypeuhKHH cynTaH y 1574-1595 pp. 'K)'p.ll.R'H.OCbKUU 'KHJ!3'b- [oTap.U. KCTJiep- OCTanniii BCJJI1KIItt MaricTp JliuOHCbKOrO op.n.euy, mo nmi)'Ban y 1559-1562 pp. (y 1558-1559 pp. nauynau nK Koa.n.'JOTop). OiCJISI niKni.n.auil OpAeHy KeTJJep cTan neplliMM repQoroM repuorcTna KypJJSIHP.ii i 3eMraJii i ( naHyuau y 1562-1587 pp.). Joticrrwaca /!JiC'HU- Ma€TbCSI Ha ynaai MiCTO ,lJ.J.1Clla, HKC HHHi € paHQCHTpOM llollOUbKOl o6n. y 6inopyci.

862


KOMEHTAPI c.209 6pmytaBC'bKUJtt. oowodmo, KUR:Jf.M 36afJa3o'KUM - JIHylll 36apa3bKMH ( noMep y 1608 p.), 6paunancbK11H cTapocTa y

1576-1608 pp.

c.210 KoponHOZO zemo.Ma'lta <I>JLOjJiR1Ul 3e6JICUiJ08Cb'KOZO- fBaHI,'iHi flOMI1JUI€TbCfl, KOJII1 fl11111C, W,O 6aTbKO MMKonan 3e6)KH.U.OBCbKOro cl>; 10pifl11 6yn KOpOHHHM reTbMaHoM. Ji ceoutu aoo.Ma cu1uutu - KocTflHTI11-I II 0cTp03bK11H Mao Tpbox CMHin: KocTflHTMHa (noMep 6eJ.ZJ.iTHifM y 1588 p.); J!Hyma (1554-1620), KpaKitKbKOro KawTemiHa J 1593 p.; OneKcaH.u.pa (1571-1603), BOJIHHCbKOro noeno.u.y 3 1593 p. Muxail.!to.M BUluueeez.fb'KU.M- Mnxaf1no Bt1lllHencQbKHi1 (noMep y 1584 p.)- "'CpKacbKiiH i KaHiBCbK111f CTapOCTa (1559-1580), 6pauJiaBChl<HM KaJ.UTCJHIH (1581-1584), JII06CQbKHH cnpocTa (1584). 3 noni Koponn CTe<f>aHa EaTopifl 6yn r eThMaHOM BiiichKa 3anop03bKoro (1578- 1581), Ha "''OJii KOJaQbKHX 3aroHiB 6pan aKTHBH)' )'"'aCTb )' JlinOHCbKiM BiHHi.

c.213 MapeK Co6eC'b'Kuu- MapeK Co6ccbK11i1 (noMep y 1605 p.) 6yn KopoJiincbKHM .u.sopflHHHOM (1579), XOp)'H)KJ1M KOpOHHMM (1581-1596), JII06JiiHCbKI1M KalllTCJI.HHOM (1596-1597), JII06JiiHCbKI1M BO€BO,ZJ.OIO (1597-1605). AuiJxru 36opooC'b1WU- AH.ZJ.)I(CH 36oposcbKMH rep6a «JlCT)I(eM6€Qb>> (noMep y 1598 p.) 6ys MCtiHMKOM KOpOHHJ1M (1569- 1574), MapJ.UaJIKOM Ha,ZJ.BipHHM (1574-1588), CTapOCTOIO pa,ZJ.OMCbKMM (1574-1588) i 6CUbKI1M (1590-1598). CmanicJtaB )/(o.axeeC'bxuu- OtiCBH.ZJ.HO, MOna ii.u.e npo CTaHicnasa )KonKeoCbKoro (3arHH)'B

)' 1620 p.),

SIKHH 6yo )' Ti '4:aCH KOpOJiiBCbKHM CeKpeTapeM. Ili3H iWe BiH 6yo reTbMaHOM flOJibHHM KOpOHHHM (1588-1618), rCTbMaHOM DCJIHKHM KOpOHHHM (1618-1620), KOpOHHiiM KaHLVJCpOM ( 1618-1620), TaKO)I( JlbBiBCbKHM KaliJTCJI.HHOM ( 1590-1608), KHIBCbKHM BO€BO,ZJ.OIO (1608-1618) TaiH.

c.214 woedCb'KUU xopo.a'b- 3ra,ZJ.aHHH nnw.e IOxaH III. xpucmURUC'b'KOZO i.M.nepamopa- Py.u.onb<f> II - iMnepaTop «CB.HUJ.CHHoi PHMCbKOi iMnepii>>

y 1576-1612 pp. nanu- fp11ropii1 XIII- pHMCbKHH nana y 1572-1585 pp.

XOJZ.M- Ma€TbCSI Ha yoa3i M. XoJIM Ha p. JlosaTb, nKe cToiTb nin,ZJ.eHHiwe 03epa IJibMCHb.

c.215 J(oe.Moum- ,ll;oaMOHT (,ll;onMaHT) - BCJIHKHH KHSI3b JI11TOBCbKHH y 1281-1283 pp. Eys 3M)'weHHH BTeKTH .u.o IlcKona, .u.e naHysas nenHm1 qac .u.o CMepTi y 1299 p . Oxpew.eHHH ni.u. iMeHeM THMO<f>in, ni3Hiwe 6yn KaHOHiJosaHI1H npasocnaBHOIO QepKBOIO. Horo naM'.HTb nwaHoB)'€TbCSI 20 TpaBHSI 3a CTap11M CTI1JICM. €xi MuimeK- €*i MHirneK (MHirnex) (noMep 18.05.1613 p.) 6yn CTapocToiO coKaJibCbKHM (3 1559 p.), MC.ZJ.H~bi<HM (3 1591 p.), caM6ipCbKHM, JlhDiBCbKHM (3 1593 p.), B0€80~010 caH~OM11pChKI1M (3 1589 p.), KopoHHHM Kpai1tJHM (1572-1582) Ta iH. AKTHBHHH yqacHHK «~H­ MHTPia.ZJ.H» no'Y:aTK)' XVII cT., 6aThKO MapHHH MHiweK, ~p)')I(11HH )l)l(e.ZJ.HMMTpiSI I. Aoa.Ma CmaiJuu'lf,'b'Kozo- A,a.aM CTa.ZJ.HMQhKHH (noMep 14.10.1615 p.) 6yn o6o3HHM KopoHHHM (1594-1600), nepeM11CbKHM KaWTeJiflHOM (1602-1606), CTapOCTOIO nepe.MHCbKHM (1606-1615), CTpHHCbKHM (3 1609 p.), ropO.ZJ.CJibCbKI1M (1615), 6eJI3bK11M B0€80~010 (1615) Ta iH.

c. 216 Pa03U8iM, cuu ei.JumC'bxozo eO£eoiJu- :i1~eTbCSI npo MHKOJIM P~3Hainna ( 1546-1589) - JIOBtioro BKJI (1574-1580), HOBrOpO.ZJ.CbKOrO B0€80~)' (3 1579 p .), CHHa BiJieHCbKOrO B0€80~1-1 y 1566-1579 pp. M11KOJIM Pa,na11oiJIJia «Py~oro». BiH 6yo aKTHBHHM ~aCHHKOM JlinoHCbKOi BiHHH, 30KpeMa Bi~3HatiHBCSI np11 83SITTi llOJIOQbKa (1579).

863


KOMEHTAPI OAwpaxma Pae3UeiMa- KJHI3b Anb6pexT Pa.zJ.3HDiJIJJ ( 1558-1592), uo€na~anbHHK i .llHilJioMaT, HaABipHHH MapWMOK BKJI y

1579-1586 pp., 31586 p.- BCJIHKHH MapwanoK.

c.219 6y.ao 3Mi'H£Ho ?caAmiJap, euKuH.ymo iJeCJtm'b iJuio- i1.n.eTbCSI npo Kanen,uapH}' pe<f>opMy 1582 p., 3anpooa,z~,>Keny nano10 fpHropi€M XIII (3aMiHa IoniaHCbKOro Kanen,uapSI na rpuropiaHCbKHH). Pmcy 1583 eiiJ6yuxR oeci.M.R. Jiua 3a.AwUCb'Kozo- .Hn 3aMOHCbKHH ( noMep y 1605 p.) - KOpoHnu.H ni.zll<aHQJICp (1576-1578), KaHQJiep (1578-1605); KpaKiDCbKI·U1 CTapOCTil (1581-1585), reTbMaH BCJIHKHH KOpOHHHH ( 1581-1605), o6iHMaB TaKO.>K pM MCHW Ba.>KJIHBHX noca.n. KopouH.uii .Mapuw.lloK AHibiceu Ona.tti'H.Cb?Cuu- An,u.>t<eii OnaniHCbKm1 rep6a «Jlo_u3SI» (no-

1593 p.), BCJIIiKIIH KOpOHHHH MapwanoK (1574-1593), H(lJlDipHHH MapwanOK KOpOHHHH (1572-1574) Ta in.

Mepy

Kpa'Ki8Cb'KUU 6nUCKOn llempo Muut?COOC'b'KUU- Ma€TbCSI Ha yna3i neTpo MliWKODCbKHii, ceKpeTap BCJJHKHM KOpOHH1111 (.ll)'XODHHH) y

1563-1569 pp., I<paKiBCbJCHH €0HCKOn y 1577-1591 pp.

c.220 6pauiJeu6yjJ3b'KOZO JoUJ:fJKzpaifia, npycCb'IWZO 'K'H.R3R reopza (JJpii>pixa- nOMHJIKa. Epa.a,lleH6yp3bKiiM KHSI3CM y

1568-1618 pp. 6yo Anb6pexT II <l>pi.n.pix.

Kpummo¢ PaiJsuei.tut- KpHwTo<P I Pap,JHniJIJI «DepyH)) (1547-1603)- Kpau~Mii BKJI

(1567-1569),

ni]:l~awm1 BKJI

(1569-1579), nOJibHHH reTbMaH JIHTOBCbKHH (1572-1589),

TpOI.\bKHJ1 KawTemm (1579-1584), aKTHDHHii }"'aCHHKJlisoncbKoi ni:HHH, 30KpeMa, B3HB YcnsrTH (1580) i pa30M 3 KHH3CM <l>iJIOHOM KMHTOJO-l..JOpH0611JibCbKHM po3rpOMHB MOCKOBCbKi niucbKa ni,u BeJIHKHM11 llyKaMu (1581), J,ui:HcHHB pe:H,u)J.O nepxin'io BonrH, 3aiinsrn CTapHI.\10 i P.>t<es.

c.22l MuKoJtau ct>ipJteu- MHKona:H <l>ipnel1 (noMep y 1601 p.) - Ka3HMHpCbKHH cTapocTa 1569 p.), KOpOHI·IHH pe<t>epen,napiii CBiTCbKHH (1576-1589), KaWTCJIHH 6el\hKHH (15761589), KpaldBCbKHH BO€BO.ZJ:a (1589-1600) Ta iH . .fluJ(yJt'bCb'KUU- JIH ,l(yJibCbKHW (noMep y 1590 p.)- XCJIMiHCbKHii KaWTCJJHH (1571-1590), BCJiliKHH ni,ncKap6iii KOpOHHiiH (1581-1590), a.JIC KOpOHHHM ni)J.~aWHM BiH HC 6yo. U:10 noca.uy o6ii1Man y To:H ~ac (1576-1588) An,n)l(eu 3e6)1(H.AOBCbKHil. AuiJJtCeU 36op08Cb'KUU- ,AHB. BHU(C KOMCHT. ,AO C. 213. mpu 'K'H.Jl.3Jl3 Ocmpoza- i1.n.eTbCH npo 3ra,n.an11x BHme KocnmTHHa II 0cTp03bKoro i ,nsox (3

iioro CMHio: JIHywa Ta OneKcaH.npa. eJtCi PaiJJUoi.tut- 10pii1 ( €)1(i) Pa.n3H niJJJJ (1556-1600) - ni,noMHll .n.ep)l(annaii i uepKoBHHii ,uisr~ Pe~i nocnOJIHTOi. CHH KHSIJSI MHKOJiaH Pa,li.3HDiJIJia <<YopHoro». BuxonyoaBC.H SIK KaJJhBiHicT, ane y 1576 p. nepeihuon y KaTOJIHI.\H3M. BineHCbKHH EmtcKon (1581-1591), Kap.n.HHaJJ (3 1583 p.}. Y 1582 p. ni.nKpHn 3a nnacnHii KOWT KaTOJIHUbKY .nyxonny ceMiHapiJO y BiJihHi. Y 1582-1584 pp. 6yn TaKO)I( KoponitKbKliM naMicHHKOM n lH¢mm.n.ii. 3 1591 p.- KpaKincbKHi1 EnHcKon. ,l(HnJIOMaT. 0/.l.HH 3 HaiH5JIJ1)f('!liX pa.n.n11KiB Kopona Curi3Myn.n.a III, cnpHHB iioro WJJI06y 3 AHIIOIO fa6c6ypr ( 1592). AiJlUt Buw.ueoeZJ,'b'KUU, eoJtuuCbKuu oo6ooiJa- KIUI3o A.D.aM BI1111Henel\~>Imil ( noMep y 1622 p.), CHH OneKcan,npa BHwneneQbKOro.

c. 223 MuKQJUlu BQ/lbCb'KUU- MuKonaii BoJihCbKnii rep6a "fl)'JII<03ItUb» ( noMcp y 1630 p.) 6yn KopoHHHM MC~HHKOM y 1574-1599 pp. 06iiiMaB Tal<O)I( noca.n11 na,nnipHoro Mapwa.nKa (1600-1616), neJII1Koro Kopmmoro MapwanKa (1616-1630), crapocrH .ny6eHCbKoro (3 1588 p.) Ta in. Cernit ... - ,,fpoMa)J.stHHH xaii yce ~YE>>, in seorsivo... - « Ha~e na nHcTaBi». Regni...- «iM'H i1. 3HaK KOpoJJiUCbKOrO Tpi)'Mcpy».

864


KOMEHTAPI c. 224 Kopo.!lR 6eomii" A/J201tnla- EeoTiSI - Kpalua )' cepc.n.Hift rpeuii, SIKa MC)K}'Ua.Jia 3 ATTJ1KOIO i <l>OKJt,llOIO. II CT0Jli1UCIO 6yJJo MiCTO <l>inu. P03KDiT oeoTii npl.ma;J.a€ Ha IV CT. .llO H. e.

c.225 Acquirit... - «3.uo6ynmo, MaiO, ni.aKH.UaiO».

c. 226 'KpaKiBcol\020 t'IWC'KOna nemjJa- neTpo MI1UII<OUCbK11i1 (noMcp y 1591 p.) - DCJUU<H~i ccKpeTap KOpOI-1Hilit ( 1559-1563) , KpaKiDCbi<Hif .llCKaH (1560), ni.u.KaHUJJCp KOpOHHifif ( 1562-1569), nJlOUbKIIJ1 €ni1CKOn ( 1567) , KpaKil3CbKI11f €nJICKOn (3 1577 p.) TeofJza <Ppiopixa- oqenn.n.Ho, ii.n.eThCH npo 6pau.n.eH6yp3bKoro MapKrpacpa t'Ioraima feopra. SIKUH naHysan y 15 71-1598 pp. Moro cna.ui<O€MCUb HoaxMM III <l>pi.ztpix (naHynan }' 15981608 pp.) Gyn y 1603-1 G08 pp. pereHTOM npycchKOro KHSI3SI Anb6pcxTa II <l>piApixa, SIKui1 naH)llaB y 1568-16 18 pp. no.MepAa w.eeOCbKa KopoJLeea, nani•.. - H.llCTbCSI npo KaT~HHY RreJJJlOHK)' (1526-1583)rnne.ztCbK)' KOpOJJeny 3 1569 p., .D.p)')KMH)' IOxaHa III, MaTip CMriJM)'H.zta III. c. 227

oo om?jR nanu - if.ueTbOI npo lfmropiSI XIII- pnMCbKoro nany n 1572-1585 pp. c.228 w.oeaCbKozo xopo.llJi .H1ia- M.llCTbOI npo 3ra.D.yaaHoro nMme IOxaHa III, Kopo;ui Illneuii y 1568-1592 pp.

c.230-237 MaH.IKC DCCb TCKCT QHX CTOpiHOK, D neprny t.Jepry MOJlHTBU, 811)J.p)'Kynauo JJaTJ1HOIO.

c. 239 Hi.Mey'OKUM, a6o BeHelJiaH.Cb'K'll.M., O'KeaH.OM- Ma€TbCSI Ha ysa3i 6aJJTil1:cbKe Mope, SIKe cnpaa.ui t.JaCTO Ua31113f.\JIH TO.Ui HiMCQbKMM. lUo )K .D,O iHlllOI HaJBH (BeHeuiaHCbKHi1 OKean), TO T)'T, OlJeBI1.D.HO, ncpennyraHo ia Cepe.D,3eMHHM MopeM.

EeC?CuiJu- MaroThCSI Ha ysa3i KapnaTCbKi rop11. Kpaxie... e CmoJLU?te10- 3 160 I p. CTOJIHUSI TioJihii.d 6yna mKe nepeHeceHa /(O BaprnasH. n/J)'CCb1COZO Micrna flJaH.Cb1ca- T}'T .l(OllyiUeHO aHaxpOHiJM, OCKiJJbKM Ha TOM "<laC npyccR MaH)f(C llOBHiCTIO 6)'JIR DRHRIUCHi a6o acnMiJibOBaHi . .HKI.l.(O )f( i.D.CTbCSI npo HOBMX npycciB HiMCQbKMX xpeCTOIIOCUiB, TO T}'T faaHbiHi 6JlM)K'lJHH JJ.O icTI1HH, Me Ha TOH "'aC D)f(C HC icH)'BaJIO TeBTOIICbKOro op,AeHy, a r.D,aHCbK DXO.URB .11.0 CKJia.D,)' Pet.Ji nocnOJII1TOI. 'llOmupu 'KOCm'OOJLU- 3 Ha3BaHMX T}'T rsaHbiHi a6eperJlOCSI TiJJbK11 .D,Ba: en. CTaHiCJiaBa Ha BaaeJii Ta cs. MRxaiJia ua CKa.Jiui.

c.240 /(Q3UMupo.M Bl!..ltU'K'U.M.- Ka311MMP III- KopoJJb Tionumi y 1333-1370 pp., aa nauysaHHH SIKOrO npOBCl.l(MJlOCSI WHpOKe KaM'SIHC 6yJJ.iDHHUTBO no BciH IlOJibll(i . .!IetaeK lfopHUU- .llMB. 811Il.(C KOMCHT. .l(O C. 65. ~omupu i'Hmux ••• Micma- sci ara.naHi MicTa yTaopiOIOTb HI1Hi O.l(HOi1MeHHi paiioHif KpaKoaa.

c.241 pi'KO'IO ,llyHau'IJI!M- ~yna€Ub - npaaa npHTOKa BiCJIH, sna,Aae .no uei HMJK"'e KpaKona.

865


KOMEHTAPI Co'H'I.- T)'T• O'leBH}J.HO, MaETbCH Ha yna3i HOBHM COH'I, MicTeqKo, lltO CTOiTb Ha npaBOMY 6oQi )J.yHaHQJI.

0A'bKJWi••• 5oxH.i..• Beau"l.'l.{i- nci TPH MicTe'IKa po3TawosaHi no6JJH3Y Kpaxooa, npH'IOM}'

y BeJJH'Il.d .H HHHi 3JJ.iHCHJOETbCJI npoMHCJJOBe .n.o6ynaHHH coJJi. )J.oKJJa.n.Himy po3noo~b npo c<r JUIHHH npoMHCeJJ y Tiis.neHHiH TioJJhu.ti 3Haxo,nHMO y Taopi M. KpoMepa «TIOJJOHiJI» (Kromer M. Polska czyJi o polozeniu, ludnosci, obyczajach, urz~dach i sprawach publicznych kr6lewstwa PoJskiego ksie<gi dwie.- Olsztyn, 1977.- S. 30).

c.242 Ca'HiJOMup- MicTo, HKe cToiTb Ha JJiDOM}' 601..\i BiCJJH, DHute oi.n. MiCL.Vl, 11.e o Hei nnaJJ,a€ CJIH. Hioa- pi'IKa Hi11.a e niomo npuToKoro BicnH i ona.n.ae o ocTaHHIO HH>K'Ie KpaKoea.

c.243 PaoOM- MicTo, .nKe po3Tamooane Ha niBJJ.CHb ai.n. BapmaBH.

c.244 JfyK06- MiCTO JlyKOB p03TaWOBaHe Ha ninHi'l Bi)J. JlJ06JJiHa

i Ha niB.l(CHHJ1H 3axiJJ. Bi.l(

BapwasH.

llajJlue- MicTo a cxiJJ.Hiii Tionbii.'(i, Ha Jaxi.n. oi11. BonoJJ.aBH. c.245 a 3 OPJ2020 60Ky - uao pi1t'K010, Jt'Ka 'H.a3U8a611Z'bCJL npocua- HacnpaoJJ.i P· TipocHa (TI>KOCHa) BnaJJ,ae y BapTY Ha /l.OCHTb 3Ha'IHii1 BiJJ.CTaHi Ha nioJJ.eHHHH cxi11. BiJJ. no3HaHi.

c.246

KOC'I.{Jt'H- MiCTO, HKe p03TamooaHe Ha niBJJ.CHHI!IH 3axi}J. oi.n. no3HaHi. c.247

KMim- MicTo Ha Jaxi.l( Bi.l( JIO.l(3i, .nKe CTOiTb na 6epe3i p. TI>KocHi (TipocHi) - niooi npHTOKH BapTH.

FueJ'HO- rH€3HO- CTapOBHHHC MiCTO, utO p03TawoBaHe Ha niBHi'IHHH cxi.n. ni.n. TI03HaHi. OmmouoM- IJ.HB. KOMCHT. ll.O c. 29.

c.248

KouiH.- MicTo Ha niaoMy 6oui p. BapTa- Ha cxi.n. ni.ll TioJHaHi i Ha niaHi'l niJJ. Kanima. Ha'K..4o- MicTo niJJ. oHJJ.romeM, poJTamoaaHe Ha JaxiJJ. niJJ. ocTaHHboro. Ko.1w- MicTo Kono poJTawonaHe Ha 6eperax p. BapTa BHme KoHiHa, Ha cxiJJ. ai.n. ocTaHHboro.

c.249 CEpaiJ3'b- MicTo CepaJJ.3b (Cepa..a.J) CTOITb ua nisoMy 6oui p. BapTa Ha niBJJ.CHHHH Jaxi..a. Bi}J. JIO!J.3i. Be.JtW'N'b- MicTo, .RKe po3TamooaHe Ha ninJJ.CHb oi.n Cepa..a.J.n. lluompKye- cy'-lacHe MicTo Tii1oTpKyn-TpH6yHanbcbKI1H, mo poJTamonaHe Ha nio..a.cHb ai..a. JIOJJ.3i.

c.250 pixow 53Jpow- p. fi3ypa- nina npHTOKa Bic;m, o .nKy una.uae HI1>K'Ie Bapmann. c.252

luoepo1J,AaB- Ma€TbC.R Ha yna3i M. luonpounan, .RKC po3TamonaHe Ha niBJlCHb ni.ll DHJJ.roma :HTopyHi.

866


KOMEHTAPI c. 253 EJKf'Cb~ b- Ma€TbCH Ha yna3i C)"--aCHe MiCTO B)I(CCHH, mo po3TawonaHe Ha cxiJJ. Bill. no3J·IaHi.

c.254 Coxa'lly6- MicTo Coxa4)'B cToiTb Ha npanoMy 6oui p. 63ypa n ii' HH)I(Hii1 Te'-lii, Jaxi.ll.Hiwe Bapman11. TocmuHiH. - MicTO focnmiH JIC)I(HTb Jaxi.ll.Hiwe Coxa...yna.

c.255 ll.n,o~'bK- MicTo TIJIOUbK CTOITb Ha npanoMy 6oui

BiCJm npH6mt3HO nocepe.n. lllliHXY ni.n

Bapman11 .n.o TopyHi.

c.256 Ef.ll'bCb'K- Micro D€JibCbK p03TawonaHe Heno)l.aniK si.n Il.nOUbKa, Ha ninHi'-1 ni.n. ocTaHHboro. Cmpo - MicTo Cepm~ po3TawonaHe nenO.ll.MiK ni.n. DEJibCbKa, Ha ninHi'-1 ni.ll. HbOro. M.Aa6a- MicTo MJiana po3TawoaaHe Ha nisHi'-IHm1 cxi.ll. niA EEJibCbKa.

c.257 Punin- MicTO PJ·m iH po3TawosaHe Ha niaHiqHHH Jaxi.n. si.n. D€JibCbKa.

c. 258

.Hn i CmanicJta6- .AHB. KOMCHT. .no c. 121. Cupma - i HHHi cHpeHa (pycanKa 3 MeqeM) e rep6oM BapwanH. 3mcp01iwt- MicTo 3aKpoqHM CTOiTb Ha npaaoMy 6oui BicJIH HH)I(qe Bapwaa11. UexanyB- MiCTO UexaH}'B po3TawonaHe Ha ninHiq ni.n. Bapwas11. c. 259

lly.n,myC'bK- MiCTO TiyJirycbK CTOITh Ha npanoMy 6oui Hapena, npanol npHTOKH BicJIH; po3TawonaHe Ha ninHiqHHH cxi.n. BiA BapwanH. llw.acnum- MicTo nwacHHW po3TawoaaHe Ha niaHiqHHi1 cxi.n. ni.n,l(exaHysa i Ha nisHiq ni.n. TiyJITYChKa. JloMJtca- MicTo JloM)I(a cTOITb Ha JlisoMy 6oui Hapesa; poJTawoaaHe Ha nisHiqHHH cxi)J. ai.n. Bapwaa11.

c.260 pi1eo10 Jlioe?&'b- piKa Jliseub - Jliaa npHTOKa p. 3axi.ll.HHH Eyr.

c.261 Eill'bC'b'K- MaEThCSI Ha ynaJi cyqacHHH EiJibChK (EeJibCbK)-Tii,nJISICbKHH Ha TepHTopii niBHiqHQ-CXi)J.HOi flOJiblld. EpRnC'b'K- EpHHChK (6paHCbK) - MicTO, HKe poJTawosaHe Ha Jaxi)J. si.n 6iJihCbKaTii)J.JiacbKOro. Cypa:JtC- HHHi- O)J.HOHMeHHe MicTeqxo B nisHiqHOMY Tiiwutwwi, poaTawoaaHe Ha Jaxi.n Bi)J. faifHiBKH. Ayzycmyo- MicTo Aarycrya poaTawosaHe y nisHi"lHO-cxi)J.Hiii llOJib~i.

c.262 ,l(opozu11.U1t... MeJl.'b'HU'K- HHHi HeseJIHKi MicTeqKa Ha niD)J.Hi llil1.JISillllliH, no6JIH3Y nOJibCbKo-6iJIOpycbKOrO KOp)J.oHy.

c.266 iu¢yA(JmaM- T06TO THM, XTO HOCHTb iH<I>YJIH (M11Tp11), )J.yxOBHHM OC06aM.

c.267 CmpuiiK06C111CUU y ceoi'u Knwtcyi- oqenH,AHO, T)'T i)J.eTbCSI npo noeMY M. CTpHHKOBCbKOro «Goniec cnoty,. ( 1574), Ha JJKy, JJ.O pet~i, nocHJiaETbCSI i caM CTPHHKOBCbKI-m y sipwoBaHOM)' acryni

867


KOMEHTAPI IJ.O cooei xpoHhrn. Ueii ncryn HemoJJ.aDHO 6yo o~ai·II1M y nepeKJJa,ni )'KpainchKOJO: Cmpuii:Koear JCUu M. XpouiKa I I BcccniT.- 2004.- Nl 9-10.- C. 113. PoJnoniJI.b fnauhiHi npo o)J.Slr nOJJHKio, 0C06JU180 npo iXHIO JJI060B j 3Ai6HOCTi AO JiaTI-iHH Ta iHWHX iH03CMHHX MOB, 6araTO B '10M)' 36iraEThC.R 3 aHa.nori"'HHM onHCOM o Tnopi KpoMepa «floJioHifl•• (Kromer M Polska.- S. 61-62).

c.268 Ta.t.tep.n,aua -JJ.HD. KOMeHT. IJ.O c. 90.

c.269 Jlu JbomoM.epCb'KUU- Ma€TbCH Ha )'Ba3i JIH JIIOTOMHpCbKI'IM rep6a «JICT)I(CM6€Ub», Ha.zJ.BOpHHM (He BCJli1KHM!) ni.UCKap6iM )' 1548-1567 pp., CTapocTa JlCH'l.JI1UbKHM (3 1550 p.), paAOMCbKHM (3 1553 p.), KaWTCJlflH C€p3A3bKHM (3 1563 p.) Ta iH. lJw.t(Lfl,O ix ~epe3 maKe nao.Mipne nuR:Z&mBo xeopie ... - on11c mui~Tna DMflBJifl€ nenHy no.a.i6HiCTb JJ.O aHaJIOri'IHoro om1ey a Tnopi KpoMepa ,,noJioHifl» (Kromer M. Polska ... - S. 67), ane fsaHbiHi € T}'T AOCMTb OpHriHaJibHI1M.

c.271-274 TiepeJiiK ypjllJ.ODHX noca.n o Pe'li nocnoJJHTii1, mo M:oro HaBOJJ.MTb fnaHbini, 6araTo o 'IOM}' 36ira€TbCfl 3 THM, flKHM BMimeHo KpoMepoM y Taopi «noJIOHiSI». He BHKJIJO'IaiO'liH 3an03H'ICHb faaHbiHi y KpoMepa, JaaHa'IHMO, mo MMonipHHM € TaKO:>K BHKopHcTaHHfl cniJibHOro A:>Kepena, Ha flKe noolJia€TbCfl KpoMep: cewMona KOHCTH~ifl1569 p. (Kromer M. Polska ... - S. 182-186).

KHHrAII C. 2 nepeJJ.MOBH

Eetl./l,oH.a- 6orMHR oiMHH y .R3M'IHHUhKOM}' naHTeoHi .uaoHix pMMJIRH, cecTpa a6o .npy-nmHa 6ora aiMHM Mapca. A1inepoa- AHB. KOMeHT.

.n.o KH. I, c. 4 nepe.nMODM.

3 nepeJJ.MOBH Jlioiii a6o lloJZi6iu- Jlisii1 (59 p . .n.o H. e.- 17 p. H. e.)- Hai1nHJJ.aTHiwni1, nopyq 3 TauHTOM, C.

.lJ.38Hb0p11MCbKMH iCTOpHK, anTOp )'33raJibHIOIO'IOillpaui )' 142 KH11rax ( a6eperJIIICR KHIIf11 l-10, 21-45 Ta <J:>parMeHTH iHwHx) 3 icTopil .ll.aBHboro P11My, nO'liMHaiO'liH oi.n 3acHynaHHSI Uboro MicTa. lloJii6iM 3 Meranonica a ApKa,nii (6JI. 220-118 pp. JJ.O H. e.)- Hai1nn.n.aTHiwHM icTopHK enoxH eJJJJiHi3M)'. 3 168 p . .n.o H. e. :>KMB y PMMi SIK 3aJIO:>KHJ1K, nanKJ1M npHxMJibHMK PHJ.\.1)' Ta Moro .nep:>KasHoro Jia.ny, y 3n'R3K)' 3 'liHM pHMCbKHM 3ano10naHHRM np11CBSITim rOJIOBH)' 'liaCTHH)' cno€i <<lcTopil>> b 40 KHHr (a6epermteSI TiJibKH 1- 5 KHiirH Ta DHTRrM 3 HacrynHHX). Bna:>Kan, lJlO iCTOpiSI M3€ IlMCaTMCSI He AJISI p03Barl1 l.JHTal.Ja, a IJ.JIH DCTaHOUJieHHSI icTI1H11. Ka3w.tupw.t, Aezycma.t.t, CuziJ.M)'UOa.M ... Cmeifjana - ni.Q 3ra.naHHMI1 iMeHaMM Bi.UOMi TaKi npanHTeni TIOJibCbKO-liHTOBCbKOi .n.ep:>KanH: Ka3HM11p IV (naHynan y 1447-1492 pp.); CHriJM)'HA I (naHynan y 1506-1548 pp.); CHri3M)'HIJ. AnrycT (nanynan SIK cninnpaBHTeJib cnoro 6aTbKa 3 1529 p., a caMocTil'iHo y 1548-1572 pp.); CTecflan EaTopil'1 (naHynan y 1576-1587 pp.); CnrbM}'HAIII (naHynasy 1587-1632 pp.).

l.JacTMHa I c. 1 flmoJZeMeu- AMD. KOMeHT. JJ.O KH. I , c. III. zMi1tOu- .u.un. KOMeHT. .u.o KH. I, c. XI. 'KiM.BjJiB- KiMBpH- .lJ,aBHhOrepMaHCbKe (3a iHWOIO /.J.YMKOIO- KeJibTCbKe) 11JieM'SI, HKe npo)f(HBaJIO Ha ninocTponi IOTJiaH.lJ,. y II CT. .no H. e. 801111 3<lB.llaJ111 nopa30K pnMJI.HHaM y nulJiii' Ta

868


K 0 l\1 E H T A P I lcnaHi'i. 06'€.UHaUUli1Ch i3 TeDTOHaMJ1', reJibDCTar.m Ta iHIUMMM OJICMeJ-faMM, nepeBa)f(HQ repMaHCbKIIMII, DOHII 3aBOJOUaJIM [aJIJiiiO Ta DimJi'IH)' ITaJtilo. rnanuhli, HK i CTp11HK08CbKMH Ta .UCHKi iHWi llOJibChKi xpmticTH XVI-XVII CT., OOMIIJIKOBO OTOTO)f(HIO€ KiMnpin Ta KiMMepii.fUiB- nonepe.UHHKiB cKicj>in y OiuuitiHOMY Opu'-IOpHoMop''i.

c.2 TeJzMetjii'- r.wna i't.ue npo Illneiiuapito. flanipiu Kap601-t- fi-Iel'i nanipii1 KapGo- pt1MChKHH nomwno.ncu,h, KOTpMi1JaJHan nopa3KI1 ni.u KiMnpin i TCBTOiliB ni.U Hope€10 }' 113 p . .l{O Jl. C. A1. IOHi)'C Cilliboau- Mapi< IOuii't CunaH- puMCbi<t1n noJJJ<ono;.(Cl.lb, KOTpHif JaJu an nopaJKH ni.u KiMBpin y 109 p . .uo H. e. Uc CTaJIOOI n faJJnii', u a puMCI>KOM)' KOpJJ.OHi. AojJe.aiiJ. C1caepyc- Map•< Anpcniii CKanpyc- pHMChi<Hrt IIOJll<OBOJJ.CUh, I<OTpHii JaJHaB nopa3KM ni.u Kir.mpin ni.u ApayJio ( 105 p . .uo 11. e.). L(. 1Ha1Utiii- rueii MaHJtii't MaKCHM- puMCbKm1 nom<ono..rleuu, I<OTpui1 3a3Hau nopa3KI'f Bi.U KiMBpiB )' 105 p . .UO H. e. CejJei.Jtiu L(enio- KniHT Cepsinii1 Uenio - p1'1MChKI'fi1 nOJIKOHo.ueu~>, KoTpHi.f JaJHan nopa3KI1 ni.n KiMspin y 6HTni ni.u Apay3io (105 p . .uo H. e.).

c.3 I.(. Mapi.R.- raM:

Mapii1 (Caius Marius) (156-86 pp . .uo H. e.) - PMMCbl<HH noJiiTMK i BOEI-ta'iaJlbHHK. 5IK icnaHChKI1i1 HaMiCHI1K 6pas yqacTb y nii1Hi npoTH HyMi.uii1cbKoro uapSIIOrypnt i1 OCfaTO'IHO po3rpOMHB HOfO )' 108 p . .UO H. e. Y 107 p . .UO H. e. CTaB pt1MCbKifM KOHC)'JlOM, po3611B aii1chKa repMaHCbKI1X nJieMeH TeBTOHiB (y 102 p . .uo H. e. ni.u AKna CeKcTi€10, LI.(O Hl1Hi Ha311Ba€TbCH Ai1Kc i JHaXO.UMTbCH ni.u MapceJieM) Ta KiMnpin (y 101 p . .no H. e. np11 BepueJIJiax). KamyJLa- KniuT Jly-rauii1 Kary11- pt1MCbKMH KOHC)'JJ y 102 p . .uo H. e. PaJOM i3 Mapi€M 6paa ytiaCTb y n epeMO)KHii1 611Tni np11 BepueJIJJax. Ame3u- piKa A.n.i.u)Ke, mo BMTiKa€ 3 A11hn, npoTiKa€ a niaHi'IHii11TaJiii no611113Y BepoHH i Bn<l,ll;a€ B A,n.piaTJ1qHe MOpe. Exeii Ci.!l.Miu- EHei1 CiJihBio TiiKKOJIOMiHi - BM.UaTHMH iTaJiiHCbKHH ryMaHicT i xpoHiCT XV CT., aBTop Hl13KM naTHHOMOBHI1X TBopia, y T. '1. KOCMorpa<J>ii ,,npo €a pony» (<<De Europa»). BiH )i(C- nii1 II, p11MCbKMH nana y 1458-1564 pp. y XV-XVI CT. 6yJio BHJJ.PYKYBaHo KiJibKa iioro icTopHtiHHX npauh, cepe.u .HKMX i KocMorpa¢isr ( <<Asiae, Europeque elcgntissima descriptio» (Koln, 1531), i TBip 3 icTopii 'llexii (<<De Bohemorum et ex his imperatorum aliquot origine ac gestis» (Basel, 1575). Epa3M Cme./l.ll,a- Epa3M llJTIOJiep (CTeJJJia) (noMep y 1521 p.)- HiMel..\hKHH xpoHicT i Me.UMK 3 Jlei1nuHra, anTop JiaTHHOMOBHOro Tnopy «De Borussiae antiquitatibus», sn:.upyK)'aaHoro y EaJeJii y 1518 p. zeniO(IMU- reniAH- rpyna repMaHCbKMX fTJICMCH, cnopiAHCHMX iJ fOT3MI1, 3 K0Tp11MM BOHH npH6)'JII.13i CKaH.ZJ.I1Hanii .uo niaHi'IHOro TipHtiOpHOMop'a. HanpMKinui IV CT. DOHI1 yeiHllJJIH .uo COJ03)' ryuin. Y .upyriH nonon11ui VI cT. 6yJIM niAKOpeHi JiaHro6ap.uaMH i1 anapaMM. OcTaHHii1 pa3 3fa.A)'IOTbCSI a icTopHtiHHx .u)i(epeJJax y IX cT. Macazemio- .ZJ.HB. KOMCHT• .no KH. 1., c. XII . .llumoo1t, cuu... BeneiJyma- T)'T Ma€MO nonicTb npo Jiereu.uapHoro npyccbKOro KopoJI.H BeHe.uyra (BeH.ueayTa) Ta i1oro CI1Hin, SIKi ni6uTo CTaJII1 po.uoHatiaJibHl1KaMH PW np116aJITii1chKHX JIJieMeH: ai.u JIHTBOHa- JIMTonui, ni.u fa.niH.ZJ.O- raJiiH.UM (rOJI.RJJ.b), si.u EapTo- 6apTH Ta iH.

c.4 Ma?Jeii Mexooc'bxuu ma I(Ayzom- li.neTbCSI npo BH.UaTHMX noJibCbKHx xpoHicTiB XVXVI CT., TBOp11 SIKHX aKTHBHO BMKOp11cTonyoaJII1CSI JiiToni1Cl..\HMI1 Ta xpoHicTaMI1 XVI-XVIII CT. Cxi.uHoi €npon11. Mauei1 3 M€xona (M€xoncbK11i1) (6JI. 1457-1523) ni.uoMI1H uacaMnepeA HK Tnopeuh icTop11'1HOro naTI1HOMonHoro Toopy «TpaKTaT npo .UBi CapMaTii». Jl,11n. lioro Halt· TO'IHiwHii nepeiUia.u pocii1chKOIO Monoro: Mameeii MexoeCKuii. TpaKTaT o Anyx CapMaTHJtX.-

869


KOMEHTAPI M.-JI., 1936• .HH ,D.nyrow (1415-1480), KpaKiBCbKHH KaHoHiK, n~aTHHH noJJbCbKHH xpoHicT, AHOJJOMaT. Y CBO€MY rOJJOBHOMY JJaTHHOMOBHOMY TBOpi cclcTopiSI llOJibU.d~ y 12 KHHrax BHCBiTJJHB no.nii AO 1480 p. np~iJJHB BeJJHK}' yoary icropii Pyci-YKpaiHH, 3HaB yKpaiHCbK}' MOBY, BHKOpHCTaB HH3KY 8(l)K)JMBHX AiKepeJI, ll.\0 He AiHWJIH AO Haworo qacy. 'KH.R:JeM fla.MMO'ItOM- lla.neMOH- JiereH.z:tapHHH 3aCHOBHiifK nepwoi KHJl3iBCbKOi .l(MHaCTii B JlHTBi, JlKHii 6yB ui6HTO pHMCbKHM ceuaTopoM i npH6yn ,no JlHTBH i3 500 auaTHHMH pHMJJSIHaMH, pS~T}'IO'IHCb BiA nepec.ni.nysaHb Hepoua. PiJHi oapiaHTH cepe,nHbooittHoi KH11iKHoi .nereH,nH npo na.neMOHa Ta iioro CHHio KyHoma, EopKfCa i CnepH .l(OKJia.l(HO poarJISIH}'Ti TIOJibCbKOIO .nocJii,nHHU.elO M. 3axapa-BaoiKHHh'IHK (Zachara-Wawrzy1iczyk M. Geneza legendy o rzymskim pochodzeniu litwin6w II Zeszyty historyczne.- Warszawa.- 1963.- N2 3). Hepo7ta- HJ(eTbCJl npo .naBHbopHMCbKoro iMnepaTopa HepoHa, 1.1.\0 naHyBaB y 54-68 pp. Ammillu- AHB. KOMeHT. )J.O KH. I, c . XI.

c.5 8 U020 piiJ'ItiU .MOBi noOu6)'e.MO 1lw.ta.M AamU'ItCb'KUX ma ima.n,iUCb'KUX ClliB- JIHTOBCbKa MOBa, SIK JiaTHHa i rpeQbKa, HaJie)KaTh AO iH)J.O€Bponei1ChKOI MOBHOI CiM'i, '111M i BHKJIHKaHa IXHSI no,zJ.i6HicTb. HenpaooMipHO po6HTH 3 IJ.bOro BHCHOBOK, SIK 'IHHJITb rBaHhiHi, CTpMHKOBCbKHH Ta pS~.D. iH. ToroqacHHX aBTopis, npo npH6fTTS~ npe,nKiB JIHTOBU.iB 3 ITa.nii 'IH fpeu.ii. TaK caMo cyttaCHa HayKa BiAKH)J.a€ TeopiiO npo TIOXO,lJ.iKeHHJl JIHTOBU.iB Bi,n roTiB, BiKe H He K<UK)"'M npo TIOXOAiKeHHJl BiA OCTaHHiX JIHTOBCbKHX CeJISIH, SIK TIO,ll;a€ fBaHbiHi. -r&e 1lU'ItU8 x:uieCb'KUU 'K'H.Jl.3'b- Ma€ThCJl Ha yoaai BeJJHKHii KHSI3b KMIDCbKHii Bono,nHMHp CnS~­ THii, KOTpHii rraHyoao y978-1015 pp. Mmoosz - MHH.l{OBr (MiH.nayrac)- oeJIMKHH KHSI3b JIHTOBCbKMH, 3 1253 p.- KOpOJib. noMepy 1263 p. Bimm'b 3 FeiJw.ti'lto.M - AHD. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c . 71, 73.

c.6 10p6opx: -

Ma€TbCJl Ha yna3i lcTep6opK (JOpreM60pK), cyqaCHHH l..JepHSIXiBCbK Ka.niuiHrpa,nChKOI o6nacTi P<l>. Bi.ll.?J'KO.Mup- Ma€ThCJl Ha yoa3i cyqacHe MiCTO YKMepre o JlHToi, 1.1.\0 po3TallloBaHe Ha nioHi'l oi.n BiJihHIOca.

c. 7 5paC./l.a8a- H,ll;eTbCJl npo MiCTO B rriBHit.JHiii Einopyci, cyt.~aCHHH paiiu.eHTP noJIOIJ.bKOi o6nacTi. )J(uei6y1to- )I(MBi6yHA ()l(•,mi6yHT, )I(Itoi6yA)- JIMTOUCbKHi1 KHS13h, 3ra,nyBaHMi1 y 1219 p. 3 npMoOAY .APYiKHHH KHSI3Jl PoMaHa B eJIHKOro Ta ii cJ.min .UaHI1'Jia fanuQbKoro i1 BacHJibKa. Hoeozopoih<.o.M- Houropo,noK (Houorpy.noK) - MiCTO n cyqacHiii fpoAHeHChKiii o6JiacTi B EiJiopyci. se.aux:uu 'K'H.Jl.3'b MOCKOBCbx:uu- T)'T i,neTbC.H, cy,ASI'IIi 3 ycboro, npo IBaHa IV c.9

napaCKesy- napacKena ( 1185- 1239) - ,llOHbKa KH.H3JI EopliCa noJIOU.bKOro, KOTpa rrpmiHJIJia KaTOJIHQbKY nipy i 6yJia TIOTiM ( 1273) KaHOHiJOBaHa. 5Ma?UU1Jl- EanaKJiaii - TaTapcbKHH xaH, .HKiiH 3ra.Ll}'€ThCSI TiJibKH B JiiTonHcax Be1111Koro KHJI3incrna JlHTOUCbKOro Ta noxiJJ.mtx Bi.A HHX xpoHiKax, y T. t.J. fnaHbiHi Ta CTpui1KoiKhKoro.

c.IO nOA'bCb'KOZOKopo.AR 5oAeC.tU18a n)'OU'Ka - ,llHB. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c . 58. c.ll

Te1tpixy ifiou 3aJL'b'/&Y- fepMaH <}>oH 3anbt~- ueJII1KI1H MaricTp TeJJTOHCbKOro op.AeHy, KOTpnii naHynan y 1210- 1239 pp.

870


KOMEHTAPI bwKeHmiR 'C.fem6epmozo- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaJi p11MCbKI1H rrana IHOKCHTii1 IV, rrOHTI1~iKaT nKoro np1m~ae Ha 1243-1254 pp. reHpix oe To/JULJ3l''H- MO>Klll1DO, Ma€TbC.R Ha ysaJi MaricTp JlinOHCbKOrO op,neHy feHpix cpoH fai1M6ypr, .RKHii rraHynan y 1245- 1246 pp.

c.l2 lliBa/JHOM - lllnapuo)J,aHI1JIODH'J- CHH )J,aHHJia faJIHI.tbKOro, J.HTb MHH,nonra, KHH3b)lo~ porwmHCI>Knii. IloMep y 1269 p. Eyn q)aKTif'-IHO neJIIIKHM KIUfJeM JII1TODCbKHM y 1267-1269 pp. cuuo,\f Kouopaoo.M- KoHpa.A II- KH}lJb 4ep c ~>Kui1 y 1262- 1294 pp.

c.l3 Tpoimmn (Stroinat)- TpoiiHaT (TpcH.HTa, CTpoi1HaT) - ueJIHKHH KIUIJb JmTOBCbKHH Ta >KM)'~CbKHM y

1263-1264 PP·

)!o6M.O'H.m- ~HB. KOMeHT. ~o KH. I, c. 215. To6muBiAa- TenTunin- KHH3b rroJIO~bKHM. IloMep y

1263 p .

Boiime.ti:K- neJIHKHM KH.JI3b JIHTOBCbKIIM y 1264-1268 pp. JleBOM- Jlen )J,aHHJIOBHll- KH.JI3b faJIHUbKHH y 1264-1301 pp. fnaHbiHi IIOMI1JIKODO BDaJKan JacHOBHHKOM Jlbnona KHnJn Jlbua )J,aHHJIOBJ-Pta, a He i1oro 6aTI>Ka )J,aHHJia PoMaHOBHlla faJIHUbKOro, mo TaKO)f( B~HO 3 i1oro om-:~cy MicTa y TpeTii1 KHHJi (c. 14). Un .nyMKa 6yJia caoro 1.1acy ,UOCHTb IIOW11peHOIO. HaniTb JIH AllbHIIeK, HKOfO BDaJKaiOTb nepwHM icTOpHKOM JlbBOBa, He yHiiKH}'B ii (~Hn.: On11c MicTa Jlbnona .HHa AnbHneKa, npHconlleHHM "'HTalleni- JII06HTeJIIO HayKH I I )l{onTeHb.- 1986.- N!? 3.- C. 89; Fpa6oBe?j,'b'KUU B. I1epw11:i1 Tnip 3 icTopii llbnona I I TaM caMo.- C. 92). Tpoiiam- Tpoi1ReH- aenmrni1: KHHJbJIHToncbKni1 y 1267-1269 pp.

c. l4

Paiizopoa- roJIOBHe MicTo nneMeHi nTnnris. Qqen11.UHO, T}'T CJii~ po3}'MiTH, mo Tpoi1~eH 36y~ynaB TaM JaMOK.

c. l5 MaETbC.JI Ha ysa3i periOH, CTOJIH~eiO .HKOfO 6yno i Xe11M (n HiMeubKii1 Tpa,I.J.~-:~~ii- KyJibM). 00 XM.M.iU.Cb'KOi' 3eM.Il.i- 'ryT

HI1Hi MiCTO

c. l6

JlemKa 'Cfojmozo- Jlex (JieWKO) II t..JopH11H- IIOJibCbKHH KOp0.1Ib y 1279-1288 pp. Alt'b6pexm ffioH Meitcm- Ma€ThCH na yaaJi KOMTYP xpecToHoc~ia Anb6pexT cpoH Mai1ceH, KOTpHH o6ittMaB ~aHHM ypn,n y 1283-1288 pp. c.l7 npycC'b'Kuu Mazicmp Me.MejJ- .H,neTbCH, oqenH~Ho, npo neJJI1Koro MaricTpa TeBTOHCbKOro op~eHy MaYmrap~a <PoH KnepcpypTa, 11\0 naHynan y 1288 (?) -1299 pp. 1CJMCb'KUU 'K'HJ13'b fuaiJUCAa6- ~liB. KOMCHT. ~0 KH. I, C. 71. AeW~.U'IJ;b?CUu 1C'Hil3b Ka:nLMup- KaaHMHp II (6JI. 1261-1294) - KHH3b K)'SIBCbKHH Ta JieH"'MI..\bKHH. KoupaiJ WmaHze, Ko.Mmyp PazH£mu- Ma€TbC.H Ha ynaJi KoHp~ cpoH lliTare, mo 6yn KoM~ rypoM y 1292- 1293 pp. ParneTa, T06To Ragnit, HHHi- M. HeMaH Ha cxo~i KaniniHrp~CbKOi o6JJacTi Pel>. l/Japnuii 'KOCm'bOA- <l>apa (BiA HiM. Pfarre) - fOJIOBHMM KOCTbOJI rrapacpiMbHOrO MiCTa, piAWe- CaMOi rrapacpii a6o )f( ~pyrHH Ja 3Ha1.1eHHHM (rriCJIH KacpeApaJibHOI"O) KOCTbOJI.

c.18 HamaH'IlU'HCb'KUU

nonim- HaTaHrin- ~anHii1 rrpyccbt<HH perioH, IUO Jie>KaB Ha nis~eHb ni.A

CaM6ii i Ha ninHi'l niA BapMii Ta Eapl..\ii. Bi~ ocTaHHboi HaTaHriiO BiMiJIRJia p. Jbma, aaaaaHa B npyccbJ<iH 'laCTHHi xpoHiKM faaHbiHi AJib60IO.

871


KOMEHTAPI npycC'bKUU Mazicmp MeH.izapiJ- ii,neTbC.Sl, 0'1eDH~HO, npo BHI..L\e3ra,naHoro Maricrpa MaiiH· rap.na q>oH KeepcpypTa.

c.20 Ti.n:b3Um- iUeTbC11 npo Micro, .HKe HMHi Ha3HBa€TbC.Sl ConETCbK (KaJiiHiHrpMCbKa o6n. Pel>). Micmo, RKe 1ta3eae Tpcncu- cyqacHe M. TpaKaii, I..L\O Ja 28 KM si.n BiJibHIOca, CTOJJMUi JIHTBM. Cnpas~i 6yno 3acHoBaHe fe)J.HMiHoM i CTaJIO 3 iioro iHiuiaTMDH CTOJJMUeiO (~o 3acHyeaHHH

BiJJbHIOca).

c.21 TYT HKaCb IlJJyrnHHHa, OCKUibKM BeJJHKHH Maricrp TeBTOHCbKOfO op~e· uy feHpix Poiic 4>ou IlnayeH naH}'Ban 3Ha'1HO niaHiwe: y nepecHi 1467 p., noTiMy 1469-1470 pp. reHpix fPO'H, fllla)'eH-

c.22 PO'Ky. .. 1307. Jlumo6Cb'Ki K03a1CU... - TYT rnaHbiHi npunycKa€TbCH HBHOro aHaxpoHiaM)'.

0.a'b2epiJ -JJ.HB. KOMeHT. .n.o KH. I, c. 81. Mazicmp renpix- TYT HenopoayMiHHH. y ueii nepio.n. naH}'BaB BeJJHKHH MaricTp Kapn TpesipCbKHH (Ee<f>apT) (1311-1324). HMosipHo, rsaHbiHi MaB Ha ysa3i SIKOrOCb KOMrypa, THM 6iJJbwe, mo HH)f('1e, ni.n. 1320 p., siH rosopHTb npo «npyccbKOro MapwaJIKa feHpixa».

c.23 Me.M£A'b-

mtHi Knaiine.n.a (liMTBa).

KOJum)'pa iJe Kanioo- Ma€TbCH na yaa3i YJibpix <}>oH ,.[(pine6eH - KOMTYP Ton.nm-t y 1318-

1322 pp. J(aeuiJ- ii.n.eTbCH npo rpo.n.ueHCbKoro CTapocry ,[(anM.n.a. )' uut106 K'H..R.Jeei Ka3UMUjJy- ii.n.eThC.Sl npo Mai16YTHboro nonhCbKoro Kopon.H Ka3m.mpa

Ill. Y 1325 p. KaJHMnp BJHB wn106 i3 .AO'liKOIO KH.SIJH fe,AMMiHa Anb.AOHOIO, y xpemeHHiAHHOIO (1309-1339). )J.ne.: T~gowski J. Pierwsze pokolenia Giedyminowicz6w.- PoznanWroclaw. 1999.

(/>jJiiJ6opz- ii.LleTbC.Hnpo HiMeUbKY <PopTCUIO Ea€p6ypr (<l>piH6ypr) Hap. HiMaH.

c.24 Keii.cmym- .AHB. KOMeHT. .n.o KH.

I, c. 81.

c.26 mfrbox mamapCb'KUX 'ljapuKie ... po36ue- i.AeTbC..Sl npo 6HTDY Ha CI-ntix Bo.n.ax, I..L\0 si.n.6ynac.H y 1362 a6o 1363 p. Y uii16HTBi Onbrep.a. po36nn TpbOX op.AHHCbKHX DO)f(.AiD i npocyrrye nis,AeHHHH Kop.n.oH BenHKoro KH.HJincTBa JhtTODCbKoro no Ha.n.nopi)f()f(..H. IJ.H anicTKa € na6araTo naKoni'1HiWOIO, Hi)f( y xpoHiui CTpHHKODChKoro (Stryjkowski M. Kronika polska ...- T. 2.- S. 6-7), no,Ai6ua TaKO)f( .no anaJioriquol 3BicTKn CnyUhKOro Ta JJ.eHKMX iHWHX niTonHciD BKJI . .li.HB. TaKo)f(: CHHbOBO.ACbKa 6HTna y nouiTirix .n.ocni.ZJ.)f(CHHHX.- K., 2005 . .MOCK06C'b'KUU KHJl3'b ,l!u.Mumpiu JoaUOBU'lt - Ma€TbCSI Ha yoaJi )J.MiiTpiii )J.OHCbKI1H - MOCKODCbKHH KH.Sl3b y 1359-1389 pp.

c.27 BouiJu.ao-

B01l1~11no (Boi1.n.aT)- CTapocTa ni,nChimi1.

Y 1379 p. O.Apy)f(uncH 3 .AOHbKOIO

Om.rep.Aa Mapi€10. Y 1382 p. noeiweHHi13 HaKaJy Kei1CT)'Ta.

c.28 AuojJiu rop6amuu, CU'H Keiicmyma- nacnpas.ni KHH3b AH.n.piil 6) D CIIHOM OJibrep.n.a. Bimoem- nenHKHH KH.Sl3b JIHTOBCbKHH y 1392-1430 pp. Jlzaiuzo- .ZJ.If.B. KOMeHT. .D.O Kll. I, c. 83.

872


KOMEHTAPI 'KO-'•tmypa 3 Ocmt•jJooe- ii.ueThOt npo KOMT)'pa 3 OcTepo.ne. HHM 6yn y 1374-1379 pp. Eyprap.a. <PoH MaHc<}JcJibJJ., a ni3Hiwe, y 1379-1383 pp.,-Kyno q>ou Jii6euunai1H. c~upzafura-

Jl.HU. KOMCHT. 11.0 KH.

I, c. 86.

c.29 JhoiJoeiKa Yzojnyt- ,ll.Jiu. I<OMCHT. .uo KH. I, c. 20. Ko11.pao UDAburp- nemtKnli MaricTp TcnTOHChKOI' O opJI.elly KmtpaJI. UoJibHCp q)OH PoTeHniTat1H, ll\O naHynan y

1382-1390 pp.

c.30 flpo cmape JLU1n08Cb1\e iOaA0?/01ULOUCI1200- D OCI-1011i QhOfO p03.UiJ1y (C. 30-32) Jie)I{3Tb ni.n.oMOCTi optuiHa.JihHOro Tnopy 51Ha 3 COH'·ta Ma.neQhKOro «Ilpo nipyuaHIHI i1 i.n.oi JOJJOKJIOHCTBO

.n.anHix npyccin, JiiBOHQin, a HacaMncpe.n. Jia-ronQin y 3aXif(Hii1 'IacnfHi KpaiO» ( 1545), .HKMI1 6ys Bl1,ll.3Hl1M y ll.OJJ.3TKY .n.o HiMCQbKOMOBHOI KH11rli rcopra Ca6iHyca (Sabinus) (KcHirc6cpr,

1551 ). U:i Bi)J.OMOCTi 6pm D11KOp11CT3Hi TaKUMM fiOJ1hCbi<HMM T3 HiMCqbK~fMH XpOHiCT3MM, SIK Kapn <I>a€pa6en.u, MixeJJb HeaH.n.cp, .HH JlacMQbKHii, naynb O.n.cp6opH. U:e 6yJIO BCTaHOBJieHO cy'iaCHMM nOJibChKHM .n.ocJii.D.HHKOM feHpiKOM EapHliCM (Ba~ycz H. Mi((dzy Krakowem a Warszaw<4. i Mazurami. Studia i szkice.- Olsztyn - Poj cziorze,

1987.- S. 93-94.)

c. 31 Ce.M.oeum- ,ll.HB. KOMCHT. .lJ.O KH. I, C. 88. c.33

A1i1i010- ii.ueTbCSJ npo AHHy- .n.py)I{HHY BiTOBTa, .n.oHhKY CMoneHChKOro KHSJ3.H CBSJTOCJiaaa IaaHoBw-ta. IloMepna y 1418 p. 00 CB020 3Jtm.JI,, .!tta308e?J,'b"KOZO "K'H.Jl.3Jl.Jl?ia- 5JHYlli I- KHSI3b 811WerpO.lJ.CbKI1M, QCX3JiYBCbK11M, JaKpO'II1MCbKMM, niacbKMii, Bl1CbKMi1, aapwaacbKl1i1 y 1374-1429 pp., KHSJJh qepcbKHMJ 1379 p. opy:JtCu?io?O

c.34 MaZicmp i1iifi;LR'Ii0Cb"KUX xpecrruJHOCl:fW••• nj7ycco"Kuu MaZicmp KonpaiJ Ba.aepoiJyc- MaiOTbOI Ha yaaJi seJIMKMM MaricTP JliaoHCbKoro op.n.eHY BeHeMap q>oH Ep10reHay, ll\O naHyaaB y 1389-1401 pp., i BeJIMKHii Maricrp T CBTOHCbKoro op.n.eHY KoHp<!A <PoH BaiiiieHpo.n., ~no naHyaaa y 1391-1393 pp. pomMicmpoM Mu"KOJtaEM MoCKO:JICOBCb"KUM- MMKOJiaii MocKO)f{eBCbKMii rep6a «llHJISJBa» BiJ1eHCbKMM CTapOCTa, 3 1401 p. - KOpOHHMM ni)J.K3HI.VIep. 3a iHlli11Ml1 )l.aHHMM, ~10 oco6y 3BaiiM KncMeHCOM MocKO)I{eBchKl1M. BiH 6yn niJieHchKMM cTapocTOIO y 1389-1390 pp., CSJHOQhKUM CTapOCTOIO Y 1398-1400 pp., KOpOHHMM ni)J.KaHI.VIepOM y 1387-1402 pp. c.36 Ceui>pueaii.n.o- ,ll.HB. KOMCHT. )1.0 KH. I, C. 91. "KWl3i OBPJ1!,'b1Ci (odruckie)- ryT HCSICHO, onpyQhKi lJH.lJ.PYQbKi.

c.37 y niiJJe.Mnux .11.wxax, R"Ki uaJuoawm'b nCNejJa.Mu- Ma€TbCSJ Ha ynaai Kueno-fleqepCbKa naapa. Bacu.n,'b- senl1KHi1 KHSJ3h MOCKOBCbKMii BacHJib I, ll\O naHyoan y 1389-1425 pp. c.38 iJo C"Ki¢ii- THnOBHH )J.JISJ Toro qacy aHaxpoHiJM, KOJIM yKpaiHCbKi CTenu Ha3HBaJIH CKi<PieiO.

EaR.3ema- Ea.HJH)l. II- T}'PCQbKMii cynTaH, ~o naHyaan y 1389-1402 pp. IliCJIH TH)f{KOi n~ (1402) noTpanl1B y nonoH, )J.e ii noMep (aa .n.eHKHMH iHWHMH

paJKH ni.n. AHKapoiO ni.n. TuM}'Pa

).J.aHHMH, llOKiH'IHB )I(HTT.R caMory6CTBOM).

EiJuza- AHD. KOMeHT. 11.0 KH. I, c. 90.

873


KOMEHTAPI c. 40 Cuzil.MyHiJ- ,nus. KOMCHT• .no KH. I, c. 84. BanoBCbKUU- EepHap.ll BanoncbKHi:f (noMep y 1535 p.)- noJibCbKHii xpoHicr i reorpacp, npe.ACTaBHiiK Curi3M}'H.lla I B PuMi (1510-1515). Horo xpoHiKa, s KoTpili oxownooanac.R icropiSI lloJihll{i 3 )laBHix qacis .no 1536 p., He .llPYKysanac.R 11.0 XIX CT., ane IJ.OCUTb nonyn.RpHa B icropiorpa<Pii XVI-XVII CT., ii BnKopHcTonynanu M. 6€JibCbKMH, CTpui:fKOBCbKHH, nesHoK> Mipmo i ThaHbiHi.

c.41 Ctnemy Fyca- )lHB. KOMCHT. )lO KH.I, C. 96. )/(u:JIC1CU- HH )Ku)f(Ka (1360-1424)- nepwuli reTbMaH qecbKHx rycuris ( 1420-1424), yCJiaBHBC.R SIK BH,AaTHiiH DOJIKOBO.Z{CQb, nepeMOJKCQb H~ DiMCbKaMH «CB.RU{CHHOi PHMCbKOi iMnepii».

c.43 AuiJ:HCeii 3 Tm'ltuHa uMuKo.aa/l:JiceBU?J,bKUU- AHP.JKei:f 3 Pa6wTuHa TeH'IHHCbKHH (noMep y 1461 p.), MaplllaJIOK Ha)lBipHHI13 1439 p., CTapOCTa pa6WTHHCbKHi:f (3 1441 p.), XOJIMCbKHi:f (3 1455 p.); MHKOJiai:f,l(peBHQbKHH (,l(JKeBHQblillH), KopoJiiBCbKHi1 ceKpeTap 3 1425 p., caH,noMHpCbKHii K}'CTOlll 3 1433 p.

c.44

u'bQ/IeK- Ma€TbC.R Ha ysa3i CTaHiCJiaB UbOJICK 3 OcTpOJICHKH (noMep I 0.11.1437 P·)- KopoJiiBCblillH CeKperap (31410 p.), CaH){OMHpCbKHH (1418-1425), KpaKiBCbKMH (1420), rH€3HCHCbKI111 (1424-1426) K}'CTOW, KOpOHHmi ni.zlKaHI..VIep (1423-1428), n03HaHCbKHH EnHCKOn (1428-1437).

c.45 MOJLOaBCb1CUU zocnoiJap- O"'ICBH.Z{HO, 'Iyr i/J.eTbC.R npo MOJI)laBCbKOrO rocno,uap.R 0JICKCaHIJ.· pa ( 1400-1432), coJOJHHKa CsR,npHrai:fJia. Cuzi3MyuiJ- Cnri3M)'H.U Keiic"IyrOBH"'- seJIHKHii KH.R3b JIMTODCbKm1 y 1432-1440 pp.

c.46 <l>eitbxo, 1C1Ul3b Ocmpo3'bKuu- <l>e.n.ip ,lJ.aHiiJIODH"'I, KH113b 0cTp03bKm1 (noMep 6n. 1410 p.), .11)'U.bKHi1 soeno.na y 1386-1392 pp. AKTMnHo ni.nTPHM}'BaB CBH.UpHrai:fJia, O.UHH 3 qiJibHHX ,ni11"'1iB pyxy }'KpaiHQiB (pycHHis) y BeJIHKOM}' KH113incTni JIHTOBChKOMy, 6oponc11 npoTM )J.l1CKpHMiHaQii npaaoCJianHHx. Cn11TiiH npasoCJiasHoi UepKBH.

c.48 &aOUCJtaBa- )J.IiB.

KOMCHT. .UO KH.

I, C. 98.

c.49 Ka3U.Mupa JlzaiutOfJU'lta- )J.IiD. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. 98.

c. 50 EOJLeCJLaBa- EoneCJian IV. ,lJ.Hn. KOMCHT. .AO KH. I, c. 104. MOCKOBCb?CUii Kk.R..J'b- i1.n.eThCll npo seJIHKoro KHll3ll MOCKOBCbKoro BacH11i11 II Cninoro, 11Kl1i1 na"Ysan y

1425-1462 pp.

c. 51 xocmoo.11.i cB. KamepuHu

1w KaJUMupi- KOCTL>OJI ca. KaTepHHH 6ys 3acHonaHI1i1 me Ha noqaTKY XpHCTI111HCTBa }' flOJibll(i. Y 1363 p. 6yno 36}'.l(ODaHO KaM'11HI1i1 KOCTbOJI, 11KI1H i CHV€

i H11Hi y KpaKODi. monpan,Aa, niH CTpCDK,UaD Di.A 3CMJICTp)'CiD Ta nirm i TOM}' nepe6)'.l(OBYBaBC11. Y cepe.l(HbOBi'-1'-li Ka311MHP (Ka311M€>K) 6yn oKpeMIIM nil( KpaKoua MiCTOM.

E?J,UH·ripeii- ii.ACTbCll npo Xa.A>Ki-fipe.R- KpHMCbKOro xaHa y 1441-1466 pp.

/JyHi'H- lleTpo .ll.yHiH 3 npanKOUI11..{b ( 1415-1484)- B0€UO/\a 6pccTCbKO-h.).HUCbKitH, rpa<t> KpaKiDCbKMH, JlCH'IIil..{bKiiH CTapOCTa, nOJIL>CbKHil nOJIKOUO,ACI..{b.

874

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KOMEHTAPI UJetJUNCb1wzo 'K'WlJ.R. EjJi'Ka- EpiK II - 3axi~HonoMopchKni1 KH.st3b y 145 7-1474 pp., KH.st3h CJJyncbKHM 3

1459 p.

c. 52 i\lleHZ./I,i-Fipeii- MeHrJii-fipeii I- KpHMChKI·u1 xaH y 1466-1474, 1475-1476, 1478-1514 pp. CmeifjaH- Ma€TbCR Ha yna3i CTc<f>aH III BeJJJ1KMii- MOJJ,nancbi01H rocno.nap y 1457-

1504 pp. !11amiaw.- MaTiaw fyHR.ll.i ( Kopmm) - yropChKifl1 Kopom,,

u~o nanynan y

1458-1490 pp.

c. 53 oecnomaJ/asapR- i'iMonipuo, Ma€TbCH Ha yoaai npanMTCJJb (.u.ecnoT) Ccp6il Jla3ap EpaHKOBI11.J, ~o naH)'nan y 1456-1459 pp. Y fnaHhiHi ryr mn-1a xpoHOJioriqua nOMMJJKa, 6o y 1443 p. MaTiaw fyHH.ll.i ~e He 6yn yropcbKIIM KoponcM.

c. 54 rnuC'Kon naoeJ/.- Ma€TbCJI Ha yna3i napMiHCbK11H €ni1CKOri naneJJ JlereH.n.opcp, RKMM 6yn npHXMJJhHHKOM KOMnpoMicy Mi)f( Op.n;eHoM i DoJJhlll.CIO Ta iHiuiaTopoM yKJia.n.eHHR MHPY· PO?Cy 1446. Bio6pzaCR yzooa... - ,n11n. KoMCHT. .ll.O KH. I, c. 110.

c. 55 Fe1tpix flAayen - feHpix PoM:c cpoH nnayeH - BCJJMKHH MaricTp TenTOHCbKOro op,neHy

y 1467, 1469-1470 pp. ama fuaOUCJLaoa- .ll.HB. KOMCHT. .UO KH. I, C. 110. 'KopOAb !p.JICi- )1.118. KOMCHT. .UO KH. I, C. 110. Jbcy6a J(e.u6iHCb'Kozo Paou'lla - .HK}'6 3 ,l{eM6Ha (,l{eM6iHCbKHH) rep6a «O.npoBOH)K» ( noMep

15.01.1490 p.)- Bi.lJ.OMHH .U.Cp)KaBHHH .U.iJiq cepe.U.HbOBi'tJHOi flOJJb~i. 3oKpeMa, niH o6iHMaB riOCa.l).H KOpOHHOrO ni.l).CKap6iR (1460-1468), KOpOHHOrO KaHUJiepa (1469-1473) Ta KpaKiBCbKOrO CTapocTH (1463-1490). rsaHbiHi IIOMI1JUI€TbCR, KOJIH Bi)J.HOCHTb Horo .no PaBH'tJiB. rep6 «PaBl1'tJ» MaJia iHlUa riJJKa ,l{eM6iHCbKJ1X.

c. 56

pO?Cy 1571 ... - l.le .n.pyKapCbKa rrOMHJJKa B opHriHani. Ma€ 6yr11: «poKy 1471». IlMAaJlceH.Cb'KOeo- DaaJio .HceHCbKm1- KamreJJRH caH.D.OMHpCbKHH, MaJib60pKCbKHi1: cTapocTa. Y 1465 p. rroTparrHB y nonoH .no xpecTOHOCI.liB. DoMep y 1485 p.

c. 57 8)'AU'Zpl. rpoiJ3'b'Ka ..•

'llacmuua ..• Kauo'Hi1Wt- MaiOTbCJI Ha yaa3i B}'JIHI.li, RKi 38,R3}'10Tb Kopo·

JiiBCbKHH 3aMOK BaneJib i3 l.lCHTpanbHOIO KpaKiBCbKOIO nnome10 PHHOK.

mmupiw ma Kapuumiw- HHHi rria,neHHO·cxi.n.Ha AncTpiH.

c. 58 Taoau'b- Micl.leBicTb Ha 6epe3i ,l{Hinpa n paiioHi cyqacHoi KaxoBKH. Tyr TPa.AHI.liHHO iCH}'BaJia 3PY'~Ha rrepenpana qepea ,l{Hirrpo, ,llJIH KOiiTpOJJIO Ha,n RKOIO ~e BiTOBT rrocTanun noT}')KHHH 3aMOK.

MazoMem- MeXMe.n. II- rypeQbKHH cynraH y 1444-1446, 1451-1481 pp.

c. 59 i.Mnepamopoei <Ppii)pixy- ~pi.n.pix III- iMnepaTop «CnR~eHHOI P~t:MCbKOi iMrrepii» y 1440-

1493pp. Jl'Ha oapoeou31Ca, noiJin:bCb'KOZO 80680iJu- .HH O.n.poBOH)K 6ys no,ninbCbKHM BO€BO,n.Ol0 ( 14771479), no.n_iJJbCbKIIM CTapOCTOIO (1477-1481), p)'CbKHM BO€BO,n.OIO (1479-1485), raJIH~bKI1M cnpocTOIO (1485), o6ii1MaB ~e pR.ll. HH)K'tJHX noca,A.

875


KOMEHTAPI MOCKOBCbKUU KH.R3b lean- InaH III BacWibODH'I - aenmmu KHSI3b MOCKODCbKHH y 14621505 pp., SIKHH y I 4 78 p. npue,AHaB .AO caoro KHH3incTaa Honropo.A.

c.61 iJo Konecm.pu'Ha- Ma€TbCJI Ha ynaJi c. KonepcTpMH Ha 6epc3i lliB.ACHHoro 6yry a cy'laCHil1 BiHHHLJ,bKil1 o6nacTi. CaMe T}'T. HK cBi.A'IHTh xpoHiKa M. 6€JihCbKoro, ni.AJHa'lHJIHOI yKpaiHChKi K03aKM, SIKi nponeJI&f .AO op,AHHQiB niikbKO llOJibCbKO-JlHTOBCbKOi .ACp)l(aBH. U10 anicTK}' nepen(l)f{Ha 6iJihWicTb icTOPMKin po3rJIH,Aae HK nepwy nHCCMHY ara.a.K)' npo yKpaiucu KHX (3anop03bi<11X) K03aKiB. POKJ 1450- -ryr HBHa noMHJIKa. Mae 6p11: «pOK}' 1490». Myxa- Ma€ThCH Ha yaaai nom,nb aHTMq>eo,AaJibHoro noacTaHHH Ha llm<yrri Myxa, HKOMY cnpaa,Ai Ha,a.aaaa ni.ATPHMK}' MOJI,AaBCbKHH rocno,Aap CTe<}>aH III BeJIMKHH.

c.62 0AeKca'HQpa- OneKcaH.Ap- BCJIMKHH KHH3b JIHTOBCbKHii y 1492-1506 pp., nOJibCbKHii Koponby 1501-1506 pp. c.63

a 8 i'HULiU- .!LacKJ-'IyY' rpa CJiiB. no-nOJibCKH «Iaska» 03Ha'la€ i )I(C3JI (cKineTp), i MHJiiCTb.

c.65 6pruty C8. ll>.tLOpiR.ua- <l>nopiHHCbKa opaMa- €,AHHa 3 cepC,AHbOBi'lHHX KpaKiBCbKHX 6paM, KOTpa 36epernaC.R ,AO HaWMX Jll·liB. eiiJ J0uma:»ea- ,ARB. KOMCHT. .AO KH.

I, C. 98.

c.66 Kocrrummu'Ha Ocmpo3'bKozo- Ma€TbCH Ha yaaJi KocTHHTHH I (KocTHHTHH-BacHJib) OcTP03bKifH (noMep y 1530 p.)- BeJIHKm1 reTbMaH JIHTOBChKMH (1497-1500, 1507-1530), MapmanoK BonHHCbKOi 3CMJii (1507-1522), aineHCbKMM KarnTeJIHH (1511-1522), TPOQhKMM aoeBO.Aa (1522-1530). MuKOJLaR PaiJJuei.Ma- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaJi MHKonai1 Pa,a.JHBiJIJI (6JI. 1470-1521)-.ACp)l(aBHni1 .AiH'l BeJIMKoro KHH3iscTsa JhtTODCbKoro, CHH MHKOJiaH Pa,a.JMniJina CTaporo. BeJIHKHM ni,A'lanmi1 JIMTOBCbKMM ( 1493-1505), seJIHKHM MaprnanoK JIMTOBCbKHH ( 3 1505 p.), aiJieHCbKHM BO€BO,Aa i BCJIHKI1M KaHWJep JIHTOBCbKHM (1510-1521). Epaa aKTHBHY yqacTb y ni.J1Hax npOTH MocKoBCbKoi ,Aep)l(aBH, 3oKpeMa y 6HTBi Hap. Be.Apowi 1500 p.

c.67 Cuzi3MJ'HOa nepmozo- CMriJMYH.A I CTapHi1- nOJibCbKHM KOpOJib y 1506-1548 pp. c.68

KpaC/iuxa, Typo6w·ta- -ryr 3I<lAaHo MiCTa, ~o po3TawonaHi Ha nin.ACHHHM Jaxi,A ni.A JlJ06JiiHa.

c. 72 Mouapxa BOJLOoUMupa- Ma€TbCSI Ha ynaJi BoJIO.A11MHP CnHTHM- BCJIHKHH KH.H3b KHIDCbK11H y 972-1015 pp. BaCUJL'b lemweu1t- BaCifJib Ill, nc;mKlfH KH.HJb MOCKOBCbKH i1 y 1505-1533 pp. IA.UUCbKUU- ,AHB. KOMCHT. ,AO KH. I, C. 18. fl'H JlaCbKuii- JlH JlacbKHit rep6a «Kopa6» (noMep 19.05.1531)- ni,AOI\mft .Aep~KaBHni'i Ta QCpKODH11H .D.iH'I noJihiLti. 06ii1MaB, 30KpeMa, TaKi noca,a.H: KOpoJiiBCbKUH CCKpeTap ( 1.)0}), DCJIUKHH KaHWJCp KOpOHHJ1H (1503-1510), KpaKiBCbKJ·d'l KaBOHiK (1508).

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876


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c. SO lemw CaniZ)'- lnau CcMCHOUI1'-I Canira (611. 1450-1517) - npc.ncTanHHK ui.noMoro yr<paiHCbKoro noJIOHi3onaHoro MarnaTChr<oro po11.y 3 Oi,nJJHUJW.H, .nunnoMaT i .nep)KaBHHH .nisrtt, 30KpeMa 6yo nocnoM BKJI y Mocr<onchr<ili Jlep>Kani y 1497, 1498, 1499, 1503, 1505, 1508 pp. :Horo Midi 3aKiH'-111JII1 oiihm BKJJ 3 Mocr<onchr<oro.u,ep)l<anoio 1500-1503 pp. i 1507-1508 pp. Epau )''-laCTb y 611Tni Ha p. Eepe3mra 27.08.1514 p. i OpmaliChr<i.W 611Toi 1514 p. Oi,lJ.JIHCbKHH soeno.u.a 3 1514 p., niTe6chr<m1 uaMiCHIIK ( 1508- 1514). r<aHI.tJiep Jll-tTOnCbKHH 3 1501 p.

c.82 JlR'H.1JKOpo1ic'bK?.di- CTaHicJiau JlRHUKOpOHCoKHi1 rep6a «3a.u.opa» (noMcp y 1535 p.)ni,lJ.'-IaW1111: CaHJlOMllpCbKHii i mo6JiiHCbKI1H )' 1497-1530 pp., Ha.u,nipHHH MapwanOK KOpOHHHH

1503-1504 pp., KaM'HHCUbKI1H cTapocTa y 1510 p., cTp<DKHI1K oii1CbKOOHH r<opoHHHH y 15111520 pp., BO€OO,Ua OOJliJlbCbKHH )' 1530-1533 pp., BO€DO,Ua CaH,UOM11pCbKI111 )' 1533-1535 pp.

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c.84 Map?Jin KG.M RHe?J'bKuu- MapuiH KaM 'HHCUbKHH ( noMep y 1530 p.) - JihBiocbr<HM r<awTemm (1512-1515), OO,ll.iJibCbKHH BO€OO,Ua (1515-1530). c.87 POKy 1516... nepeKoncoKuu xan- Ma€ThCR Ha yaa3i KpHMChKHM xaH MyxaMe.A-fipei1 (MexMe.u-fipei1) I, RKHM naH)'nan y 1514-1523 pp.

c.88 fljJe7YuuJOMJ!R'H.1JKopllliCbKUM- Tipei..VIaBJlHHUKOpOHCbKHH (nOMep niCJIR 1531 p.)- aKTHBIUiM }"--acHHK 6opoTb6H npoTH OcMaHCbKOi arpecii a nepmii1 TpeTHHi XVI cT. P51.U yr<paiHCbKHX niTOni!'IC~iB CaMe HOfO BBa)KaiOTb nepmHM K03aUbKHM feTbMaHOM, SIKHH reTbMaHysan y 15061531 pp. (3 nepepaaMH). Y ~ew '-lac aKTHBHo .u.iRa TaKO)K .Woro 6paT CTaHicnao JlRHUKOp0HCbKHH.

KojJo.aeea Eap6apa- 0'-ICBH.UHO, 11~eTbC$1 npo .up)'>KHII)' CMriJM)'H.Ua I CTaporo EoHy (Eap6apy), MaTip CHriaM)'Htt.a AnrycTa. c. 91

Kyp?Jiil- faaHbiHi .new.o noMHJifl€TbC$1. CJJi,n, oqenH.UHO, MaTH Ha yna3i JiereH.u.apHHx 6paTia Kypianiia 3 aHTH'-IHOro MicTa Anb6a JloHra s ITanii. BoHH M)')f<HhO 6HJJHCfl 3 pHMJiflHaMM- 6paTaMH fopaQi.RMM, a.Jie nporpa.n11, mo 11 cnpH'-IMHHJIO nopa3K)' ixHboro MicTa. c.93 Caaaem·ripeii- KpHMCbKHH xaH Caa,n,a-r-ripei1 I, $1KHH naHynan y 1524-1532 pp. c.94 KopO/lR JboooeiKa- Ma€TbCfl Ha yna3i Jlio,noniK (Jla1iom) II .HreJJJJOH - yropcbKHH Ta qecbKMii KopoJib y 1516-1526 pp., .RK11H 3arHH)'B y 611Tsi ni.n MoxaqeM. BHaCJii~oK YropCbKa ,nep>Kana na COTHi poKiB BTpaTHJla CBOIO HC3aJIC)KHicTb.

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877


KOMEHTAPI c.97 ~eopOJr.?O Jl'Howy- Hnow 3anoJJbHI - npaor1TeJJb TpaHcinhnaHii y 1538-1540 pp.

nana K.n:u.Menm VII- KnuMeHT VII- pMMCbKHH nana y 1523-1534 pp. niiJtR, CMejlmi... Max.Mem-FipeR.- f8aHbiHi 1Yf J.(e~o nnyTa€. CMepTb MyxaMe].(·fipe.s~ I CTaJJaC.H paniwe (y 1514 p.). TioTiM xanoM CTaB fa3i-fipeii I (1523-1524), niCJJ.R Hboro- Caa}.(a-r-fipeii I (1524-1532), opewTi- IcnaM-fipeii I (1532) i Caxi6-fipeti I ( 1532-1551).

c.98 noecmaau ceiiJntu- Ma€TbC.R na )'8a3i Cen.RHCbKa aitiHa 8 HiMet.ltfHHi 1525 p . Cma'HiC/l.asa ma HHa- J(HD. KOMCHT. IJ.O KH. I, c. 121 . meucuozo 3a.MOUCb'K020- 3aMOHCbKMH rep6a «€JiiTa» (noMep )' 1535 p.) - XOJIMCbKHH ni.AKOMopiH )' 1525-1535 pp.

c.l03 Eejm.am npem6U1{,- Ma€TbCH Ha )'8a3i EepnaT (EepHap}.() TipeTBHt.{ rep6a «llt.leJJe» (noMep y 1561 p.), HKHM ycnaBHBCH aKTHBHOIO 6opoTb60IO npon-1 arpecil OcMaHChKOi iMnepii o 30-40-x pp. XVI cT., qacTo J.(iiOtfH (o 70 6oHx) y col03i 3 K03aKaMM. lloxo}.(M8 i3 Cine3ii. 06iHMaB DOCC!AM CTapOCTli 6apCbKOfO (1540-1551) , Tepe60BCJlbCbKOrO (1552- 1561), BMKOH}'BaB TaKO:>K J.(HfiJIOMaTHtfHi IJ.Op)'t.leHHH. sapa:NCaunCb'KUU wuCKon ,4otpitb- Ma€TbCH na yoa3i qepnei.J;h )lh€pl\b, HKHH 6ya HaMiCHMKOM y Tpancinhnanii y 1542-1552 pp., a T3KO:>K oniK}'HOM KopoJieBH 13a6eJIJIH.

c.l05 nana rpuzopiu XIII- J.(HB. KOMeHT. /.(0 KH. I, c. 165. xapounaa €xi PaiJJUoi.tuz.- JliiB. KoMeHT. J.(o KH. I, c. 221.

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)/(osnipCb'Ki apmu'K'JAU- iXHiM aBTOpOM, Ha J.()'MK)' 1J.OCJii}.(HHKi8, 6yo, OtfCBMIJ.HO, 8eJIMKMH reT&MaH JIHTOBChKMii fpHropii1 Xo}.(KeDMtf. ,ll110.: Podhorodecki L. Dzieje rodu Chodkiewicz6w.Warszawa, 1997.- S. 106.

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MumxoBCb'KUii- CnriJM)'HIJ. MlllUKOHChKm':i ( noMep y 1615 p .) - KawTeJI.RH noiini~bKIIii )' 1598-1603 pp., CTapoCTa HOROKOp"111HCbKI1M i uicJJ11QbKI1M )' 1600- 1615 pp. , CTapOcTa CO· JJC~bKMM )' 1603-1615 pp. , BCJIMI<Hii Hll,lJ.UipH11ii MaplllaJIOK )' 1603-1615 pp., ropOJ.(CUbKI1H CTa· pocTa y 1606-1615 pp. ApucmuiJ- Ap11cTM.D. (6n. 540- 467 pp. J.(O H. e.)- CHH JlicHMax a, acpiHCbKI1I1 )lep)f(aBHHH i DiMCbKOBHH ,niH"' nepiOJl)' rpeKO·nepCbKI1X UiHH, KepimmK «C}'XOJlUibHOi napTii», HKa npanty· na J6iJiblliHTI1 nixory 11 KiHHOT)', mo6 He .n.onycTHTH nepci8 JlO ATT11KH. DicnH nepeMont ••MopCbKOI napTii» nil.( Kepi8HI1QTUOM <l>eMicToKJJa ApucTHJ.( y 483- 482 pp. 1.(0 11 . e. 6yo oHrHaHMM 3 A<f>iH. nooepHyuc.s~ 3 no"'aTKOM H080i niiin11 npoTM nepcio. Epa a y"'aCTb y 6MTDax npH CanaMHHi Ta nnaTe.SIX. y 4 78 P· 1.(0 H. e. 6paB )'"'aCTb y opraHi3aQii I AcpiHCbKOrO MOpCbKOro COI03)'. Kpa'KiBCb'KUU muCKon- J.(HD. KOMCHT. 1.(0 KH. I, c. 219.

878


KOMEHTAPI Pa6co1wit BoeooiJa- Ma€ThCSI Ha ynaJi, cy,nH'4H 3 ychoro, KpHmTo¢ MumKonchKJ1H (noMcp }' 1575 p.). 6yn lWpOHHWM ni~.tCTOJii€M )' 1545-1554 pp., I<paJ<iBChK11M CTOJihHHKOM )' 15501556 pp., KaUITeJISIHOM OCUeHQiMChKI1M )' 1565-}566 pp., KaWTeJIHHOM paBChKHM )' 15661575 pp. h.tCH)'BaHH.H llOfO neTpOM € Henop03)'MiHHHM.

l.JacTHHa I c. 1 Y t3eKiVzR- €3CKiiJib 6yn neJH1KI1M npopOKOM •IaCiB EnpeiiChKOfO llOJIOH)'. 3a 11 poKiB AO 3p)'HH)'BaHH$1 €pycaJJWMa, )' 586 p. H. e., €3CKiiJib ncpe.noa'4U13 3pY'1uynaHIUI MiCTa BaBI1JIOIUIHaMI1. Y Ei6nii cepeA npopOUhKHx KIIHr MiCTHThOI i Kimra upopoKa €3eKiiJISI. Y poJ,niJiax 38 i 39 uiEI KHHrJt cnpaBAi 3ra,ny€TbOI KH.H3b Powy, noo'HJmmll i3 foroM- npaoHTeJicM y JeMJii Marora. 0AHaK 3o'SI3K)' Mi)K Pomy i Pycc10 ue iCH)'E. fnaiibtHi ncJiiA Ja cno"iMI1 A)KCpenaMH npwnycKaE:TbCSI aHaxpouiJMy. CmjJa6oN- AHB. KOMeHT. AO KH. 1., c. VII. llO.IltneU Tpoz- TioMneii Tpor (I CT. AO H. e.- I cT. TOP npaub «lcTopiSI <l>inina»

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KOMEHTAPI 12op- lrop (p. H. Heni.n.- 945)- BCJIHKMii KHSI3b KHiDCbKHH y 912-945 pp. 3)liHCHHD llOXO)lH ua BiaauTho y 941 i 944 pp. Iropsr 6yno n6MTO ni.n qac noncTaHHSI .nepesnsru y 945 p. 0Ab2a- Onhra (en. €.neua) (p. H. ueni.n.- 969)- nem1Ka KHSII'HHSI KHinCh.Ka y 945-957 pp.• .np}')f(MHa KHS13H Iropsr, MaTH neJIMKoro Kusrasr KHiDCbKoro CnHTOCJiana. llpHiiusrna xpcmeuusr y KoHCTaHTHHOfiOJii y 955 a6o 957 p. no CMepTi 6yna KaHoHi3onaua npanocnaBHOIO UepKDOIO.

CBRmoc.aae- neJmKHH KHH3h KHiBCbKHH y 945-972 pp. ITpoiWAJiD aKTMnuy aosuilliHIO noJiiTMKf, aoKpeMa po3rpoMHD y 60·x pp. X CT. Xo3apcbKMi1 KarauaT, a.nii:fcmm .nna noxo.n.H y EonrapiiO (968, 971). ITicn.H yKJia).(em-tsr ,l{opocToJI bChKoro MM pnoro .n,oronopy (971) CnsrTocnas, nosepTaiO'iMCb ai csoe10 .n,py:>KHHOIO .n.o K11ena, 3ar11uyn y pai:ioui ,l{uinponHx noporin.

c.4 BOJtoiJUMup- en. BoJJO.IlUMlip- neJJI1Kin'1 KH.H3b KHincbKHH y 978-1015 pp. 3a iioro npanniHHSI Ha Pyci 6yno 3anpona,n.:>KeHo xpHCTHSIHCTBO (988), 3anepweHo o6'e.n.uaHHH ncix cxiJJ.Hocnon'.HHCbKHX aeMeJib, KHincbKa Pych .nocsrrna anore10 cnoei noJJiTI1'iHoi MOryTHOCTi. )' Af(!l.{,uC/laBa - JJ.Hn. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. 25. Y qacH noJibCbKoro KHS13Sl MewKa (Me..mcnasa) I, SIKMH nauynan y 960-992 pp., niJJ.6yncsr qepron1:1i1 eTan 6opoTb6M 3a T. 3n. l.JepneucbKi rpo.nu - qacTHH)' cxi,nHocnon' SIHChKifX aeMeJib. Uei:f eTan 6yn ycniwHHM .llJISI Bono.nuMHpa CnsrToro, SIKHH aas.nan nopaaKH MewKy I. ,l{ani fsanblui CTMCJJO nepeKaaye <<ITonicTb speMeHHHX JiiT», np1'1nYCKaiO'ii1Cb )J.CHKI1X aHaxpoHi3MiB. 3oKpeMa, niH I'OBOp11Tb npo TaTap, KOTpi nMODJISIJJil en. BoJJOJJ.MMiipa npiiHHSITH lxmo M)'CYJibMaHCbKY nipy, xoqa -ryr MO:>Ke MTMCSI TiJibKM npo DOJJ3bKI1X 6ynrap.

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882


KOMEHTAPI cam11 i .uni .UOHbKII, JOKpeMa .li.MitTpa, m.o 6yn )f(HTOM11pcbKMM cTapocTOIO y 154R-1552 pp. BiH BHKpaB €,UI1HY .UOHbKY KH.sl3.H lJIJii 0cTp03bKOrO - faJilllKy, 3 KOTpOIO o6niH"'aBC.st, ane 6ys y6t1TMll nepecJii,uyna"'aMU HCD.UOD3i niCJI.sl TOI'O (1554) . .lJ.pyn1i1 CMH PoMaH (1537- 1571) - 6paLVIaBCbKMi1 no€no.ua y 1566-1571 pp., nOJihimi1 reTL>MaH BKJI y 1567-1571 pp. Eyu OJJ.py)f(CHHH 3 OJieKcaH.UpOJo fpuropinHOIO Xo.uKenn"', MaB ni.u UbOro mmo6y CHHa <l>e.uopa-PoMaHa (noMep 1592 p.) Ta Tpbox .UO"'OK: MapnHy (Map'.s~Hy), mo noMepJia 1583 p., OJieKcaH.n.py (nOMepJia 1602 p.), HKa 6yna .Upy)f(HHOIO KHSI3Jl JIHyma JIHylllODWia 3acJiaBCbKOf0, Ta <l>e.n.opy (nor.teplla 6n . 1598 p.), o.n.py)f(eHy n nepmoMy lllni06i i3 C . Pa.n.JHMI1HCuKHM. 3a .n.aHHMH H. M. JIKOBCHKO, DOHa 6yJia o.upy)f(eHa u~e .uni"'i: .npyntii pa3 iJ KHHJCM OneKcau.n.poM IlpoHCbKHM, a TpeTii1- 3 AH.n.)f(C€M Jleut.HHCbKHM. Y u~>oMy BHna.nKy paui10 MaE lllDH.UlllC fnaHbiHi, KOJIH BBa)f(aE 0. IlpoHCbKOro "'OnouiKOM OJieKcaH,npH CaHrylllKO. c.l2

'K'HJl3i KoULepcoKi- cnpaB.n.i KHHJi KowepcbKi (Kollli1pChi<i) non'.s~JaHi iJ CaHrywKaMH. ix po.n.oHa"'anbHHKOM MO)t<Ha nsaJt<aTH KHHJ.H AH.n.pi.H M11xai1JIOBH"'a CaHrylllKa-Kowepc bKOro (noMep 1560 p.), J'IYUbKoro cTapocry s 1542-1560 pp. Kopu6yrn- po.u.oHa"'MbHHK KH.stJiB BHlllHCBCL\bKI1X, 6ya CHHOM 0Jihrep.n.a, a HC Kei1cryTa. K'H.RJi 36apa3'b'Ki- po.n.oHa"'anbH11KOM KHHJin 36apa3bKIIJX 6yn Hacnpan.n.i <l>e.uip KopH6yTOBIIJ1-I (noMep 6JI. 1442 p.). ,l(ani faaHhiHi Jra.n.yE CTecpaHa 36apa3hKOro (noMep 1585 p.), ut.o 6ya TPOL\hKHM BOEBO.UOJO y 1566- 1585 pp.; MHKOJiaR 36apaJbKOro (noMep 1574 p.), mo 6ya KpeMeHeUbKHM cTapocTOIO y 1560-1574 pp . C11H MMKOJiaR - J!Hyrn (noMep 1608 p.) 6ya 6pauJiaBCbKHM BOEBO.UOJO y 1576-1608 pp., 6yn o.upy)f(ei·mii 3 KH.strHHeJO faHHOJO MaTaiiBHOJO "'lleTaepniHCbKOIO, 6paa aKTHBHY yqacTb y JliaoHchKiii aiiiHi npoTH MocKOBChKOi .uep)f(an11. Bna,nHCJiaa 36apa3bKHii (noMep 611. 1582 p.), 10pii1 36apa3bKI1H (noMep 1580 p.). O.n.Ha iJ cecTep Jra,naHHX '-IOTHpbox KHRJiB 36apa3bKHx - 6JIHJaBeTa 6yna y nepwoMY WJII06i Ja BaLVIa80M EaaopoachKIIJM (a He EanopcbKHM), noMepna 1555 p.; .upyra cecTpa- MaprapHTa 8HHmna JaMi:>K Ja C. qepMiHChKoro, TpeTH (Hesi.uoMa)- Ja E. KopoTKoro. c. l3

Bopo'H£1J,'b'Ki- cnpa8.n.i, KHHJi BopoHe[(hKi, HK i 36apa3hKi, BliwHe8e[(hKi, Oopm...\bKi, MaIOTb C80iM po.uoHa'-lanhHHKOM <l>e.D.bKa, nma ,l(Minpa~Kop116yTa 0Jibrep.n.o8H'-Ia. K'H.RJiPy:JfCU'HCb'Ki- MaiOTbCH Ha y8a3i KHRJi Py)KIIJHCbKi, wo noxo)J.RTb 8i.U KopiaTa fe,niiJMiHOBH'ia. Cepe.u HI1X cnpas.ui 6y;m reTbMaHIIJ BiikbKa 3anopo3bKoro: M11xai1Jio (reTbMaHY8a8 Mi)K 1579-1586 pp.), 0cTa¢ii1 (reTbMaHyna8 Mi)K 1579-1586 pp.), KHpHK OcTacpiiionH"' (reTbMaH y 1586 p.), MHKOJia 0cTacpiiio8H"' (reTbMaHysan y 1587 p.), Bor.uaH (reThMaHynas Mi)K 1575-1576 pp.).

c.l4

PO'KcoJta'HiEw- poKcoJiaHH - rpyna ipaHOMOBHHX KO"'OBIIJX capMaTCbKHX nneMeH, RKi HaceJIRJIIIJ lliani"'ne llpH"'opnoMop'J~ 3 II cT. .no H. e. Y IV cr. H. e. 80H1i 6yJ111 po3611Ti ryHaMIIJ i1 BHTicHeHi Ha TepHTopiJO cyqacHoi PyMyHii. Y VI CT. Jra.n.KH npo poKCOJiaHi8 y icTOpH'-IHIIJX .l{)KepeJiax JHHKaJOTb. TYT f8aHhiHi BI'ICTynae nK O.UiiH ia T80pl..\iB T. 38. capMaTCbKoi Teopii, O.UHIIJM 3 eJieMCHTi8 flKOi 6yJIO 6eJni,ncTaBI-tC non'fl3aHHH pOKCOJiaHi8 i3 pycciO. Tanaic - aHTH'-IHa HaJ8a ,AoHy. ic1tyE mpu Pyci- fsaHbiHi He JonciM TO'IHO JIOKaJiiJye TepHTopiJO EiJioi Pyci, KOTPY BMi~ye i ni.u KHEBOM, Ta noMHJIKono non' Raye 'llopHy Pycb a MocKo8iEIO. Hacnpa8,ni >K 'l!opHa Pycb- ue ,na8HR Ha38a JeMeJih y ninHi"'HO-aaxi,nHiM Einopyci 8 6acei1Hi 8epxHboi Te'-lii p. HiMaH.

883


KOMEHTAPI c.l4 3 anocmOJLis so'Hu 'H.au6in:bUUJ wa1ty10m'b cs. TaOeR, i cs. Bap¢0/Lo.MeR- -ryr faaH&iHi Mae pa~i10. ,Aesnd ,AaBHi ,A>KepeJia ni.ATaep.A)f(yiOT& ~10 iH<PopMaQiio. TaK, ca. Bap<f>oJioMm npononi.llysas xpHCTIUIHCTBO B Apaaii Ta BipMeHii, }J..e if 3a3Has ~eHHU&Koi cMepri qepe3 po3n'stTTH roJioBOIO BHH3.

BaCUJtiu Betr.UKUU, loa-tt'H. 30JLomoycmuU, rpuzopiu Ha3iaUctlKUU- TpH «BCeJieHCbKHX B"'HT~ (329-370) - O,AHH 3 OT~ia QepKBH, BHJJ.aTHHH Teonor, enHcKon Kecapii y 370-379 pp. AKTHBHHH 6opeQ& npOTH epeci apiaHCTBa. CTsopeHa

JIH» npasoCJiaBHOi QepKBH. BacHnii1 BcJIHKHii

cs. BacHJiieM BCJIHKHM Jliryprisr i HHHi )1<1-fne n npaKTH~i npaaoCJianHoi l..J,epKBH. Cu. IoanH XpH30CTOM (3oJIOToycT) (34 7-407) - OJl.I1H i3 OT~is l..J,cpKBI1, apxien11CKon KoHcTaHTI1HonoJIH y

397-407 pp. (3 nepepsaMH), 811)l.3THHH TCOJIOr, lli1CbMCHHI1K i nponoBi}J..HI1K, 3UT0p ti~.fC­

JJCHHHX Tsopis. CTaopeHa ca. IoaHHOM 3oJioToycToM JlirypriH i HI1Hi >Kime a npaKT11I.\i npaBOCJiaBHoi UepKnH. Cn. fpHropii:f Ha3iaHCbKHi1 (Eorocnos) (329-389) - cno.LJ.BH)f(HHK ca. BacHJiiH BennKoro, BH.LJ.aTHmi TCOJIOr, nponosi.LJ.H11K i nHC&MeHHHK, asTop 'lHCJICHHux npaQ&, aKT11BHI1H 6opeuh npon1 epeci apiaHCTaa.

/JUMCbKozo nanu Tpuzopi.R. -ca. fp11ropii1 I BeJII1KI1i1 ( 6n. 540-604) - p11MCbKI1H nana, ni;J.oMHH y npasoCJiaBHi:H: QepKsi ni.D. iMeHeM ,ll.noeCJioaa, BI13Ha'lHnii Teonor. Horo noHTH¢iKaT npHna,Aae Ha 590-604 pp. Y caoix npaQHX, HacaMnepe.A «,Uianorax», ni.a.Kpecmonas, mo .a.o cnaciHHH JIIO,ll.CbKI1X ll.Ylll BC.LJ.)'Tb, KpiM 6JiarO.LJ.aTi, .lJ.OllOMOrl1 XpHCTa, aHre.nia Ta CBSITHX, TaKO)f( .D.06pi }J..iJia C3MI1X JllO.n;ei:f; ni.n;KpeCJJIOBaB 3H3"1CHHH MOpMbHOrO 60K}' pe.nirii. Eya TBOp1..\CM Jli1·yprii HanepCJl. OCBH"'CHHX ,UapiB- O.LJ.HOrO 3 TpbOX BapiaHTiB Jlirypril, SIK3 (nop.s~.n; iJ "'HH3MH Jlirypriii ca. BacHniH Be.nHKoro Ta ca. IoaHHa 3oJioToycTa) i HHHi )I(HBe s npaKTMI{i npaBOCJiaBHOI QepKBI1. 'K'HJl3JLJlesa- .ZJ;HB. KOMCHT. ,AO KH.

II, C. 13.

c.l5 .MU/lJl.-

C}'.ll.H'lli 3 yc&oro, fBaHbiHi Bl1KOp11CTOByBaB HK Mipy .ZJ;08)f(J1Hll O.ZJ;"Y iJ cepe.D;HbQ-

Bi'lHI1X MH.nb, HKa CT3HOBHJJa 6JII13bKO

15 KM.

c.l8 Jl106ooJLR,- i1.n;eThCH npo M. J11060MJJb (H11Hi- paiiueHTP Boni1HChKOI o6nacTi). Bneprne 3ra.Ay€TbCH n InaTiiBCbKOMY niTon11ci ni.D. 1287 p.

c.23 Kui's- faaHbiHi HaBO.ll.I1Tb nonyJIHpHe B XVI-XVII CT., ane SIBHO ¢aHTaCTI1'lHC Tnep.LJ.)I(CHHH npo Ha.ZJ;3DI1ttawHo ae.nHKY .n;OB)I(I1HY neqep K11€Bo-TiettepcbKOi nanpH. 3a 38U1Ul£M y Jl3U1i'HU1Jb1CO.MY oOll.Ji- ~C TBCp.n;>KeHHH fBaHbiHi TC)f( HC.ZJ;OCTOBipue. MO)I()]HBO, BOHO rpyHT}'€TbC.H Ha TCHJl.CHQiHHI1X BHra,AKax K3TOJJI1KiB. Iuwi :Heuoym'b... y zopax- 6e3nocepe.n;Hboro 3B'H3K}' Mi)l( qepKamaHaMH Ta KanKa3hKHMH qepKCC3MI1 HeMa€, TYT ruaubiHi nOMJ1JJJI€TbCSI. 03H3'lCHa TOttKa 3opy, HKa UliBO,ll.liJJa K03aKiB"1CpKamaH ni.n; ttepKecin, 6y.na DJi3HaHa He}J..ocTonipHOIO me y XVII cT., 30KpeMa, II BHCMironas A.a.aM K11ci.nb, ,a.HnJioMaT Petti Tiocno.nHTol, yKpaiHCbKHiilll.nHXTH'-I, mo sin neperonop11 3 Eor.a.aHoM XMCJJbHHl.\hKHM.

c.24 Eo6pRnC'bKa- Ba)I(KO DH3H3'-IHTH, nKe MicTo Mae Ha yna3i fsaHblui: EpHHCbK '-IH Eo6pyikbK. Cy.D.st'HI3 si,a.cTaHi .n;o KHena (nKa3aHoi TC)I( HCTO'-IHO), ii.n;eThC.H, O'!CBH.n;Ho, npo Eo6pyi:fcbK.

4y6poo'Ha- ii.n;eThCH npo ,l(y6ponHo - cy'!aCHHii

pafn~eHTP Ha cxo.n;i Ei.nopyci Heno.n;a.niK

Opllli.

KopoA'b nolltCbKuu- CHri3M}'HJ~ III- KOpOJib Pe'Ii nocnomnoi y 1587-1632 pp.

884


KOMEHTAPI c. 25 Cypa)l(- MaETI>OI Ha ynaJi MiCTO, HHHi pai1ueHTP BiTe6chKOY o6nacTi, y Einopyci, mo ne)KHTb Ha niBHitiHJIH CXi.lJ. nil{ BiTe6CbKa.

c. 26 J(uota - .lJ.IID. I<OMCHT. .no KH. I, c. 206. c. 27 C6JWUl Jlempa ii Jla6Jla aJK 00 YcnhmllJ(ieu MajJii"- CIHITO CD. anoCTOJiin ncTpa i1 Danna np11na,ua€ Ha 30 tiCpUH}l Ja CTapiiM CTJlJICM, a CBflTO Ycnillllfl npecnnToi EoropO/U1Ui - Ha 15 cepnHn.

Uepepa- .D. liB. KOMCHT. .n.o KH. I , c. 26. c.29 KoumNC'l..fb'KUU KocmMA- w.n.eTbCSI, i1MoBipno, npo I<OCTbOJI y Ko311Hi'lax, MicTe-.rKy Ha.n Bicno10 no6JIM3Y CTeH)K11Ub.

l.JacTHHa III c.30 Ilpo nOJLoe-yie - .D.YMKa rnaHbiHi, 3all0311'1CHa y BanoBCbKOfO, KpoMepa, CTp11i1KOBCbKOf0 TaM. EEJibCbKOro, npo cnopi.n.HeHiCTb noJionuiu 3 JII1TOBU}IMJ1, cTap11MI1 npyccaMM Ta HTB}lraMH € llOMMJIKOBOIO. ,ZJ,o TOfO )I( llOJIOBUi 6ym1 TIOpKaMI1, a iHllli BKa3aHi HapO.D.I1 '111 nJieMeHa HaJIC)f(aJII1 .LJ.O iH.D.OEBponeifQiB. JlTBHfl1 HC MaiOTb )f(Q,lJ.HOfO Bi.lJ.HOlliCHHH .D.O repMaHCbKOfO llJICMCHi reni,n.in, cnpas,n.i cnopi.lJ.HCHI1X i3 fOTaMM. ,lJ,HB. KOMCHT. .D.O KH.

II, C. 4.

Ma1tzyn- MiCTO y cepe,n.HbOBi'IHOMY Kp11My. Kptu.t- T}'T MaETb(}l Ha yna3i MiCTO CTap11i1 Kp11M (EcKi-KepMeH). EaR3ema- .lJ.HB. KOMCHT. .no KH. II, c. 38. 1139 pmcy- T}'T 3MilllaHo .n.ni niTOmiCHi 3BicTKI1 KMi8CbKOro niTon11cy (y cKJia,n.i InaTiincbKoro 38o.uy). Tii.n 1139 p. aaHoT08aHo 38icTKY npo np11ue,n.eHHH KHH3eM Bcenono.noM 0Jihf08H'ICM llOJI08UiB .n.o M. TipiVI)'K, B3HTTH H11MI1 PH.D.Y MiCT i nocyJIJIH. lli.n. 4.04.1103 P· BMill\CHa 38icTKa npo nepeMory BoJIO.lJ.HMHpa MoHoMaxa Ha.D. noJI08U}IMH 8 cTerrax i nepepaxo8aHo iMena .n.en' HTH (3 20) noJI08CUbKI1X KHH3i8, HKMX 6yJio TaM y6HTO. CH

Ui iMeHa .D.Cll\0 8i.npi3HHIOTh-

8i.D. T:MX, ll\0 Hane.n.eHi rnaHbiHi, i TOMY napTo rro,naTM ix y opMriHaJibHOMY 3By'laHHi. Eyno

n6MTO: «Ypyco6y, Ko'liH, RpocnaHony, KiTaHony, KyMaHa, Acyna, KypTKa, l..JeHerpena, Cyp6apH» (JiiTormc pycbKMH.- K., 1989.- C. 190, 159).

c.31 EOJU!C/UUJ CopoM '.R:J.aueuu- .D.HB. KOMCHT. 11.0 KH. I, c. 58. Ma3o8etJb1cozo 'K'H.R3R. Koupaoa- KoHpa,n I - CI1H KaaHMHpa II Cnpane,D.Jiunoro, KHH3b MaaoneuhKHH, KYHBCbKHH, cepaA3hKHH, JJCH'IHUhKHH, KpaKincbKHH, naHy8an y 1202-1229, 12411243 pp. Fomzapo- LVI 38icTKa a6ira€TbCH a xpoHiKoiO M. CTpHi1KonchKoro, OIJ.HaK y ocTaHHin nKaaaHo, ll\O foTrap/1. 6ya rpa<t>oM JlyKaiiiOBHQb, npe.D.KOM WJJ}JXT11'1iB YxaHCbKHx; KiJJbKiCTb nonoHCHHX SIT8HfiB 8Ka3aHa MCHIIIOIO: n'nTb, a HC ciM.

c.32 MeuM.i-FipeU.- MeHrni-ripeii I- KpHMCbKHM xaH, ll\O rraHyoaa y 1466-1474, 1475-1476, 1478-1514 pp. TfT raaHbiHi .D.C~O nOMHJJH€TbCH 8 xpOHOJIOrii (iHIIIi JiiTOnHCH 8iAHOCSTb IUO noAiio AO 1506 p.), 6o y 1516 p . naHy8aB y)f(e iHIIIHH xaH, a caMe MyxaMeA-fipeu I (15141423). flfJewtaeoM JlR.U1J'KOft01tC'b'KU.M- A118. KOMCHT• .D.O KH. II, C. 88.

885


KOMEHTAPI EiAeopoa- ii~eThCH npo Ei.nropo~-,ll.HicTponcbKHi1 (AKKepMaH). OeiOieeozo o3epa- -ryr, iMonipHo, MaETbCH Ha ynaai ,ll.HicrponcbKHM JIHMaH. pNy,i HU3- nOM11JIKa rnaHbiHi. H~eTbCH, 38Hqai1HO JK, npo HM3 ,AHinpa, a He HKfCb iHwy piqKY n~ Ha3oOio HM3. TeKCT Hac. 32-34 Mai1JKe .D.OCJiiDHO CnMCaHHM rnaHblHi 3 xpoHiKH M. 6€JlbCbKOro.

c.33 Thzuuw- ~no. KOMeHT. ~o KH. I, c. 184. Koxaue- B ~JKepeJiax He 3rMy€TbCH ~HinponchKHi1 ocTpio ni.n. TaKOJO HaanoJO. BumueotnJ'bKuu- .D.HB. KOMeHT. ~o Kn. I, c. 130. fnaHbiHi SIBHO nOMiiJI11€TbCH, OCKiJibKH piqKa 3 TaKOIO Ha38010 3HaXo~11TbCJl s KapnaTaX. JIKll{O JK i~eTbC11 npo p. T.SlcMHH, TO DOHa nna~ae y ,ll.Hinpo 3HaqHo BIHI.{e 3a Teqi€10 OCTaHHbOfO, Ha nis~eHHOMY KOp~OHi cyqaCHOI qepKaCbKOI o6JiaCTi. Tuc.Meu i </Jecuu- T}'T 3HOBY 11KaCb nJiyraHHHa y rsaHbiHi. Pi'-IKa THCMMH, 11K 3a3Ha'-laJIOC.H BMll{e, nnMa€ y ,ll.Hinpo 3HaqHO niBHi'-IHime. r~poHiM «<l>ecHH» 83ara.Jii Heni~OMHll. Ha Hawy ~YMKf, n~ «THcMeHOM» Tpe6a po3yMiTH p. ToMaKioKy, a ni.n. «<I>ecMHOM» - p. l.JopTOMJIHK, xoqa BOHM M He BHTiKaJOTb 3 l.JopHOrO Jiicy. tmcip.RUUX'I{08'UaX- fnaHbiHi fiOMMJIH€TbCH, OCKiJibKI1 K03al.\bKi qaJiKH po611JIHC.H 3 ~epeoa. 3oMpa- IoaHH 3oHapac- qepHeUb i3 KoHcTaHTHHonoJIH, siJaHTiMCbKHM icTopHK. Horo roJIOBHHif icTopM'-1HMi1 Tsip y nepeKJia~i JiaTMHCbKOJO 6yJio DH.D.pyKysaHo y Ea3eJii 1557 p . (Zonaras I. Compendium historiarum.- Basileae, 1557). Ue nocMJiaHHH fnaHbiHi Jano3wn1s iJ xpoHiKH M. 6€JlbCbKOfO. TUCMe'H.Uf&R- T}'T

c.34 Opmauuy,i- TaKHM ri~poHiM y 6acei1:Hi .L\Hinpa HeBi.D.OMHM. MO)f(JIHBO, rsaHbiHi MaB Ha ysaJi p. OpiJih, niso6epe)I(HY npMTOKY .L\Hinpa, ~o npoTiKae no TepHTopii cy'-laCHOi ,ll.HinponeTpOBCbKOi o6nacTi. lfu'l{a'K/l,iii- pi'-IKa 'llH'-IMKJieH- npasa npHTOKa llis~eHHoro Eyry s i1:oro HH)I(Hii:t Te'-lii. Y HH)I(Hiii Teqii p. 'Y:M'-1~-tKJiei 6yJio .n.sa o~HOHMeHHi noceneHH11 y XVI-XVIII CT. .ff3.M8e1J'b'KO.MJ - MMKOJiaM .H3JIOBel.\bKHH (noMep y 1594 p.) - CHHTHHCbKHM crapOCTa, reTbMaH BiiicbKa 3anopo3hKoro ( 1590). Toro )I( poKY Ja yHinepcaJioM Kopon11 C11riJM)'~a III MOM}' 6yno ~opyqeHo J6y.n.ynaTH <fJopTeUIO KpeMeH"Ll}'K ~JI11 o6opoH~-t KpaiO ni~ op.D.HHCbKHX HacKOKin, a TaKO)I( ~JI11 Kpamoro KOHTPOJIIO HM KOJaUTBOM. 'ltejJ1WC'bKOMY cmapocmi O.MKcaHiJpi- KHaJb OJieKcaH~p BHmHeneQbKHM- reTbMaH Bii1cbKa 3anop03bKOro (1578-1581). Eyn nesHHH qac qepKaCbKHM cTapocTOJO. npu Muxai"- Ba>KKO CKa3aTH, KOro caMe Man Ha ysa3i rsaHbiHi y 1.\bOM)' BlinMI<)'· Ue Mir 6yTI1 i KH113b M11xai1JIO BHmHeneQbKHM, qepKaCbKO-KaHincbK1111 CTapocTa y 80-x pp. XVI CT., i KHaJb M11xai1Jio Py)I(HHCbKHi1, mo 6ys reTbMaHoM BiiicbKa 3anopo3hKOro, i Mon~aso-saJiacb­ KHM rocno.Aap M11xai1 Xopo6p111'1, ~o naHynan y 1593-1601 pp. (3 nepepnaMH). 36opooC'bKOMY- CaMii1Jio 36oponchKHi1, reTbMaH Bii1cbKa 3anopo3bKOro (1581).

c.35 P)•JICUHC'bKo.My - KH113i M11xaiiJio i K11p11K Py)I(HHCbKi 6yJIH reTbMaHar.m Biwci>Ka 3anopo3bKoro. Kocu'UC'bKO.M.y - Kp11wTocp KocHHCbKHM - reTbMaH Bii:t:cbKa 3anopo3bKoro y 159 1- 1593 pp.• KepinHHK noncTaHHH npoTH KOJIOHiaJihHOro miry Pe"Lli nocnomnol y 1.\CH )l(e nepio.D.. llempa- neTpo v KpHtmi1 - MOJI~aBCbK11M rocno,Aap y 1575-1577, 1578- 1579, 15821591 pp. KU.R3.R Kocrrummuua- KH.H3b KocTHHTI1H II InaHOnH'-1 0cTp03bK11iL .L\&m. KOMCHT. ~o KH. III, c. 7-8. mypey,oKUM C)'JtmauoM- Myp~ III- T)'pel.\bKHJ1 cyJJTaH y 1574-1595 pp.

886


KOMEHTAPI c. 36 Wax- RKinlliax- reThMaH Bit'tcbKa 3anopo3bKOI'O y 1576-1577 pp. 00 2enl'blttaua- T}'T iJJ.CTbCSI npo BCJJIJKOrO reTbMaHa KOpOIHfOrO, llOJJ.iJJbCbKOrO UO€BOA)' MHKOJI<UI MeneUhKoro. ,ll.us. KOMCHT. .no KH. I, c. 161, 190. ce.J.tuzopooCbKe oii'iCbno- y CeMuropo;d (TpaHciJJbBaHil) n aHynan To.ni ( 15 76-1581) KpHmTo¢ EaTopiii, p i .nHm"i 6paT KOpOmJ Pe'4i nocnOJII1TOI CTe~aHa EaTopisr. 0611JJ.Da 6paTM 6oSIJJliCSI, IUO '4cpc3 Mon.nanc~>Knrt n oxi.n I. OiJJ.KODH MO;.t<e tm6yxH}'T11 uii1Ha 3 Type'4'4MHOIO, TOMY KpmuTo¢ cKepynan caoE nilichKO Ha .nouoMory OcTpy V, a CTe¢an xtnpicTIO apcwTynan Tii,nKOD)', a noTiM 3aC)'AHB ,nO CTpaTn.

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3 nepe~MOBH nanuJJeonaX-Jlea (JleoH) X-p11MCbKHH nanay 1513- 1521 pp. KapAa V- Ma€ThCH Ha yaa3i iMnepaTop «CBHIUeHHoi PI1MCbKoi iMnepii» Kap11 V fa6c6ypr, 1.1.{0 naHynaa y 1519-1522 pp. BiH )f(C 6ys icnaHCbKMM KoponeM (ni.n iMeHeM Kapna I) y 1516-1556 pp. C.

c.l EneU. Ci.n.Miu- ;r.11s. KOMCHT. .no KH. II, c. 3. oi!fti'HC'b'KUU xopa/l:b npyc- Ma€TbC.SI Ha yaa3i Opycii1- npaBHTeJJb Bi<f>iHii, aHTH'IHOi .nep)f(aBH a Manii1 Alii y cepe.u.Hii1 qaCTHHi Ii qopHoMopchKOro yJ6epe)f()f(H, JaceJieHiH <}>paKii1~stMH. Cno11aTK)' Bi<f>iHist BXOJJ.HJia .u.o Jli;r.ii, noTiM- Tiepcii. Y 297-274 pp • .o.o H. e. 6yJia He3aJJC)f(HOIO ):(ep)l(aBOIO. 3 74 p. /1.0 H. e. CTaJia p11MCbKOIO nponiHUi€10. CaMe CIO~H ~0 ~apst npyciH BTiK niCJJH nopa3KH si;r. pHMJIRH y ,npyrii1 TiyHi'4Hii1 nii1Hi Ta BHMYmeHoi eMirpa~ii ):(O ~apH A.HTioxa III CJJaBH03BiCHHH Kapcf>areHCbKHH llOJJKOBO):(CU.b faHHi6an, npo SIKOI'O raaHbiHi 3I'a/1.}'€ TPOXH HH)f('l{C. ,noni~anwucb npo neperonop11 p11MJISIH 3 TipycieM npo i1oro BH/J.a'ly, faHHi6an noKiH'IHB )f{HTTH caMory6cTBOM 6JI. 182 p. ~o H. e. 36ir Ha3B iMeHi (Ilpycili) i 3eMJii (Dpyccist) € BMlla)l.KOBHM, i faaHbiHi llOM1111Sl€TbCH, KOJIH HaMara€TbCH 3HaHTH Mi)f( HHMM HKHHCh 3B'.SI30K.

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KOMEHTAPI ,l(usou- O'leB~Ho, Ma€TbCJI Ha yoaai ,li.ioH XpuaocTOM (3oJioToycTm1) ( 40-115 pp. H. e.), ypo,ro~<eHe~b M. npycl1 y Bi<PiHii, 811,l(aTHI1H ~aBHbOrpe~bKHM iCTOpHK, <PiJioco<P i PHTop, npe~­

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Eo.aeCAasoM Xopo6pU.M- ~MB. KOMeinap 11.0 KH. I, c. 27.

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c.9 He0a81-tix i'HrjiJLRUiJCb?CUX ma MOCKOGCO?CUX 6lU'H.- ii,neTbCJI npo JliBOHCbKJ BiHH)' 1558-1583 pp.

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e lH¢JLR-'HiJii"3R8lUZUCJl 6j;anw Euciifiepi,

'l{{O

1wcwzu .A-tf>lta - cnpao..ui, y 1202 p. 6yJio aaoiOoaHO

.zzyxooHo·pHllapcbKHM Op.ncn Me"'oHocuio ,li.JI.n aanmonaHml Dp116aJITHKH. Diom T.H>KKOI nopaaKH y 1234 p., 3ao..uaHo1 Op..ucHy ni..u TapTy (10p'Em1M) HOoropo..ucbi<HM KIU13CM JlpocnaooM BceBOJIO)].OBI1"'CM (HeBCbK11M), Ta po3rpOM)' MC"'OHOCI.{iB o6'E,ll.HaHHMH CHJiaMH JIHTOBI.{iB Ta JeMra.JiiB ni.n lllayJI11EM, Me"'OHocui o6'E.ll.Ha.JIHC11 3 TeuTOHCbKHM op.neHOM y 1237 p. ,ll11s.:

Potkowski E. Zakony rycerskie.- Warszawa, 2005. Tep.A-ta'H ¢o'H3M'b?&- u;eii oeJIHKHH Maricrp TeoTOHCbKoro op.n.eHY naJiYDaB y 1210- 1239 pp.

Ommoxa i <l>piiJpixa II, ma... roxopiR

Tperm~ozo- MaiOTb(jl Ha yoa3i iMnepaTOPH «CB11I.l.{CH·

Hoi PHMChKOi' iMnepii•• 0TTOH IV, LUO nanyoao y

1198- 1218 pp., <l>pi..upix II foreHlliTaycpeH,

LUO

naHysao y 1220-1250 pp., a TaKO>K pHMChKHi1 nana foHopii1 III, ITOHTHcpiKaT 11Koro np11na,naE Ha 1216- 1227 pp.

Xe.Jl..MiUC'bKOZO tnUCKOna Kpucmuxa- xpOHiCT CJIYWHO Bi.UJHa"'HB DCJIHK)' pOJib EOHCKOna XpHCTH.HHa, KOJIHWHboro "'CHI..{11 3 Op,n.eHy UHCTepu;i11HUiB y O;msi, .HKHH nparHys opraHiJysani si,n.ciq Hana,naM npycciB-.SI3114HHKiD i TOMY xoTin opraHi3ysaTH a Dp116a.JITIU.{i Op.neH xpeCTOHOCUiB. BiH CTBOpHB HCDCJIHK1111: Op,n.eH opaTiB XpHCTOBHX (nepeBaiKHO 3 HiMUiB Ta ,n.aT'IaH), 111<i noceJIHJIHC.SI B ;::(o6>KnHi Ha,n. Bicno10. Di.u. iioro snJIHBOM Ma3oBCU:hKl1i1 KH113h Konpa.n Ha,n;an HOM}' ,lJ.JI.SI ni.u.TpHMKH .u.aHoi Micii XeJIM i HaBKOJIHWHi 3eMJii i 3anpoc11B 3ro.u.oM xpecTOHOCQiB Ha u;e To.u.imHE npHKOp.D.OHH11 3 npyccaMH. DoMopcbKHii KH.SI3b Cn.s~TonoJIK Ha.u.ao iHI1ll1M xpecTOHOCU:11M (3 Op.u.eHy Ka.naTpaaa) M. THMasy Ha,n; BiCJioiO. Kom-t XpHCTH.SIH noTpanHB y noJIOH

.u.o npyccbKoro nneMeHi caM6ie ( cepe.LJ.HHa 1233 p.), xpecToHocui .u.o6n-

JIHCb Bi.D. nan11 fp11ropiR VII 6yJIJIH, Ha ni.u.cTaBi .HKoi Op.neH cpopMa.JihiiO oTpMMaB y cso10 BJiacHiCTh BCJO TipycciJO i i1oMy rapaHTYBa.JIOCR noKpOBHTCJihCTBO nan11 p11MCbKoro. Yro.u.a Op.u.eHY 3 Maaoaeu;bKHM KH.H3eM KoHpa,noM ( 1235) cpaKTwmo noaHicTIO nerani3yea.Jia JaaoJOnaHH.SI npyccii xpecTOHOCI..{.HMH. U:e 3aBOlODaHH.SI p03ITO\IaJIOC.SI Di)J. 3aCHyBaHH$1 cpopTeQi MapiEHDep.n.ep (KBi,lJ.311H) i ni,lJ.nOp.H.D.K)'BaHH.H cyci.LJ.HbOi 4aCT11HI1 0oMe3aHii (ni3Hiille OosiCJIE) i3 3eMJielO Pe3iHCbi<OlO ( OKOJIHI..{i npa6YT i Cyma). ;::{118.: Biskup M., Labuda E. Die Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens in Preussen.- Osnabriick, 2000.

c.30 nanace. rpuzopiii,l(eeR.muii- fp11ropiii IX- p11MCbKHi1 n ana y 1227-1241 pp.

c.31 KoHpao ... fPD'H ,l(ypuue - MaETbC11 Ha ysa3i aeJIMKHH MaricTp KoHpa..u. cf>oH TJOpiHreH, LUO naH)'DaB y 1239- 1241 pp. nall.'bC'b'KOZO xopOJI.Jl, flyiJwca- ,lJ.HB. KOMCHT. ,lJ.O KH. I, C. 58. MaZicmpOM Batr:bKeiuyco.M- fnaHbiHi )J.eU.{o nnyraE, ot~eBH)J.HO, Tpe6a MaTH Ha ysaai BeJIHKoro MaricT}>a Op.u.eHy Me4oHocuis fepMaHa EanKa (naH}'Baa y 1237-1239 pp.), a He <l>OJibKBiHa (IlleHK <PoH BiHTepwTe.U.T), Il.\0 naHynan y 1209-1236 pp. KPJAeeetJ'b- noJibCbKa Haaoa KeHirc6epra (HMHi KaJiiHiHrpa,o.).

891


KOMEHTAPI KDHpaa flonne ¢on OctnefMine- oeJmKHH MaricTp TeoTOHCbKoro op.neuy nonno <t>ou Ocrep6ax, ~o naHyoao y 1253-1256 pp. qOMYCb faaH&iHi He 3ra.nao npo iioro nonepe.nHHKioBe.nHKHX MaricTpio fepxap.na ¢oH Ma.Jib6epra, reupixa ¢ou roreunoe Ta fiOHTepa, ~0 nauyDa.JIH oi.nnooi,llHoy 1241-1244, 1244-1249 i 1250-1253 pp. Konpaoa IV ma InmcmmiR. IV- MaiOTbC.R ua yoa3i iMnepaTop .. ca.R~euuoi PHMC&Koi iMnepii» Koupa.n IV (nauyoao y 1250-1254 pp., a .RK cnionpanHTeJI&- 3 1237 p .) Ta p11MChKHi1 nana IHoKeHTiu rv, noHTH<PiKaT .RKoro npHna.nae Ha 1243-1254 pp. no.MopCbKUM 'KH.R.3e.M Ce.R.mono.A'KO.M- Ma€TbCSI Ha yoa3i npaBJ1TeJib Cxi.nuoro noMop'.R CnsTODOJIK I BeJI11KHH, mo nauyaan y 1220-1266 pp. c.33 6w Jlemu?Ji- y auaMeHuTiii 6HTDi ni.D. JlerHHUeiO o CiJie3i"i ( 1241) Mourono-TaTapc&Ka op.na xaua EaTH.R poarpoMHJia o6'E.nuaue non&CbKO-HiMeU&Ke nii1c&Ko. TaM nonir i Koupa.n cpou T10piureu. foaHbiHi npHnycKaET&C.R xpouonorit~Hoi noMHJIKH, ni.llHOC.Rt~H JlerH11U&KY 6HTBY .no 1259 p., ani.nKH aanmma€ i:f iuma iioro noMHJIKa, KOJIH niH riJIYTaE MaricTpa Koupa.na 3 MaricTpOM Tionne <PoH 0cTep6axoM. ranmec 3apze1tZa)'3e1t- BeJ111KI1H MaricTp TenTOHCbKOrO op,D.eHy Al-UiO cpoH 3aHrepray3eH' mo naH)'Bao y 1256-1273 pp. i.Mnepamopa BiA:bze.t~:b.Ma 1563 pOKy- TYT fnaHhiHi po6HTb .llHDI-1}' noMI1JIKY· XpoHoJiorit~Hy noxn6KY MO:>KHa nOHCHHTH .D.pyKapCbKOIO noMHJIKOIO, a.Jie y XIII CT. He 6yno :>KO,D.Horo iMnepaTopa «CosmeHHOi PI1MChKOi iMnepii» 3 iMeHeM BinhrenbM. VlMooipHo, T)'T CJii.D. MaTH Ha yoaai Pit~ap.D.a KopHyenhChKOro, KOTpnu naHyoao y 1257-1272 pp. Tynooea'b, Mazicmp- TaKoro oeJII1Koro MaricTpa He 3HaxOJJ.HMO B icTop11t~H11X Jl:>Kepenax. VlMonipHO, fnaHbiHi Ha3BaB MaricTpOM SIKOrOCb KOMrypa xpecTOHOCUiB.

c.34 .Mazicmp Taprn.Mau ... - neJIHKm1 MaricTp TenTOHChKOro op.neuy fapTMaH <f>oH feJib.ZJ.pyureH, mo nauynan y 1273-1282 pp. U.tnepamopa PyiJoA'bifja ... rna nanu Kn.UMeuma IV- MaiOThCH Ha ynaai iMnepaTop <<CB.Hll{eHHOi PJiMChKOi iMnepii» Py.nonbcp I fa6c6ypr, mo nauynan y 1273- 1291 pp., Ta KJIHMeHT IV, pHMCbKHH nana y 1265- 1268 pp. .Mazicmp E)'pzapiJ IlleeuiJe'H- seJIHKHH MaricTp TenTOHChKoro op.ZJ.eHy 6yprap.D. cpoH lllneH.D.eH, mo naHysas y 1282-1290 pp. Jlem'Ka lfopuozo- .llHB. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. 65.

c.35 Koupao ifiou (/>eumifJauz- nenHKm1 MaricTp TenTOHC&Koro op.D.eny KoHpa.n cpoH <l>oi1xToaHreH, mo nauynao y 1291-1296 pp. rrm..piKa npo6yca- feHpil< III Tipo6yc- nOJibCbKHH KOpOJib y 1289-1290 pp. TomiflpiiJ, zjJaifi ifion ToJwx- nenmmi1 MaricTp TeoTOHChJ<oro op.D.eHy foTcppi.D. cpoH foreHnoe, mo naHyoan y 1297-1303 pp. iM.nepamopa AiJoA'bifja- i MnepaTop <<CnnmeHHoi PuMChKOi iMnepii» A,IJ.onbcp HacaycbKHM, mo naHynan y 1292-1298 pp. 3o(ftpiiJ ¢on (/>oilmeauz- nenHKHH MaricTp 3ir<ppi.D. <f>oH <l>oi1xTnaureH, mo naHyoaa y 1303-1311 pp. i.Mnepamop AAwpexm- iMnepaTop <•CnHmeHHOi PHMCbKOi iMnepiin Allb6pexT I AncTpiuCbJ<Hti (fa6c6ypr), 11.1.0 naHynan y 1298-1308 pp. KapA (/jo11. Tpeeip- nenHKm1 MaricTp TenTOHCbJ<Oro op.D.eHy Kapn TpenipcbKHH (EecpapT) , 11.1.0 naH)'nao y 1311-1324 pp. 3a iioro t~acia y 1309 p. TenTOHChKJ·u1 op.ZJ.eH ocTaTOt~no onono.D.in Cxi,D.HHM TioMop' .RM y 6opoTh6i ia npnXHJibHHKaMH nollhChKoro I<opon.R Bna.nwCJlana JloKOTKa. Cnpao.ZJ.i, xpecTOHocui nicns UhOro HaMaranHc.R 3Hai1TM nenHi IOpHJJ.W-IHi ni.D.cTaBH .nn.H nnnpao.naHH.H cooix .nii1. ,lJ.11n. nanp.: Lowmianski H. Prusy - Litwa - Krzyzacy.- Warszawa, 1989.

892


KOMEHTAPI iMnejJamopa TeHjJixa ... nanu KAu.Atemlta- MaiOTl>C.n Ha yuaJi iMnepaTop ,,CmnueHHOi PHMCbKol iMnepii ,, feHpix VII JlioKceM6yp3r..KHi1, n~o naHynau y 1308-1313 pp., (.stK iMnepaTop3 1312 p .), Ta p11MCl>KI1H nana Kn11MCIIT V, nOHTII<Pii<aT JlKOfO npi-tna.[la€ Ha 1305- 1314 pp. c.37 Bejml'jJ - ne.nr1K11I1 MaricTp TenTOIICbKoro op.neuy Bepuep q)OH OpceJibH, mo naHynan

y 1324-1330 pp.

c.38 JboOOAoifj- BCJII1KIIll MaricTp TenTOHCbKor·o op.ncHy JlK).ncp, KHJl3b I>paynumai13hKHI1, mo nanysan y 1331-

1335 pp.

JboooeiKa... i..Mnf'pamopa ma lomma- MaiOTbCst Ha yuaai iM nepaTop «CBHU\CHHol PI1MChKol iMnepii» Jl10,nnir (Jlio.uosiK) IV EanapchKHII, mo nauynao y 1314-1347 pp., Ta IoaHH XXII, p11MCbK11H nana y

1316- 1334 pp.

c.40 1i.CCO'K020 'KOpOJI.Jl

.J/ua- Ma€ThC.R Ha ysaai .HH (loaHH) JliOKCCM6yp3bKHH, ll.lO naHynaB

y 'Lfexily 1310-1346 pp. J!impix- seJIHKHI1 MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro op,neHy ,lJ.iTpix <IJoH AlibTCH6ypr, w.o naHysao y 1335-1341 pp.

c.42 Mazicmp PyoOJLbifj- neJIHKHM MaricTp TesTOHCl>Koro op.AeHy JIIO,nonbcp KeHir <PoH BaiiuJay, w.o naH)'oas y

1342-1345 pp.

nanu EexeOuKma II- TYT• O'liCBH,nHo, .npyKapcbKa noMHJIKa. H.neTbC.R Hacnpas,ni npo EeHC,nHKTa XII, puMCbKOro nany s

1334-1342 pp.

c.43 rmpixJ!)'3e.Me/J- BCJIHKHM MaricTp TeBTOHCbKOro op.neHy feHpix ,ll,yaeMep cpoH Apcp6epr, w.o naH)'BaB y 1345-1351 pp. nanu /VtUM.e"H,ma- KllMMCHT VI - p11MCbKWi1 nan a y 1342- 1352 pp. c.44

rmpix ifjou Kiunepaoe- BCJIWKHH MaricTp TeBTOHCbKOro op.neHy BiHpix <IJoH KHinpo.ne, w.o naH)'BaB y 1351-1382 pp. i.Mnepamopa KapAa IV- iMnepaTop «CB.SIW.CHHOi PwMCbKOi iMnepii» KapJI IV 3 JIIOKceM6ypabKOi .[lHHaCTii, W.O naHyBaB y 1347- 1378 pp. (.SIK iMnepaTop- 3 1355 p.). c.45 KO'HpaiJ l!wwH.ep- nenMKHM MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro op.neH)' KoHpa,n UoJibHep ¢oH PoTeHWTaMH, mo naH)'nas y 1382-1390 pp. !.Mnepamopa... BaWtaea, nanu Yp6aua VI- ii.neTbC.SI npo iMnepaTopa «CD.SIJ.UCHHOi P11MCbKoi iMnepii» y 1378-1400 pp. BalVIana, a TaKO)K p11MCbKOro nany Yp6aHa VI, noHTMcpiKaT .RKoro npHna.n;ae Ha 1378-1389 pp. KO'HpaiJ ¢ou BaaonMom- neJIMKMH MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro op~eH)' KoHpa,n cpoH Baneupo.n, w.o n~nan y 1391-1393 pp. nanu Eouiffiav,iR- EoHi<l>alliM IX- p11MCbKHH nana y 1389-1404 pp. Konpan ¢on IOnzi1t2en- nenmmli MaricTp TeBTOHCbKoro op.neHy KoHpa,n; cpoH IOHriHreH, 11.\0 naH)'BaB y 1393-1407 pp. c.46

YA.?Jpix ¢OH. IOHzinzen- AHB. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. 91 . i.Mnepamopa Pynepma ma nanu... rpuzopiR XII- MaiOTbC.SI Ha ynaai iMnepaTop «CDJIIl\eHHOi PMMC&Koi iMnepii» PynpexT llcpaJibl\bKRH, 11.\0 nauynao y 1400-1410 pp., Ta fp1-tropilt XII, pHMCbKH~ nana y 1406-1415 pp.

893


KOMEHTAPI c. 47 .Mll30Be1J1>1Ci ?C'H.RJiJlnym i Ce.Moeum- ,Aim. KOMeHT• .AO KH. I, c. 88.

c.48 Te~tpix... ¢on llAooen- seJIIIKI-di MaricTp TesTOHCbKoro op,AeHy feHpix <f>oH TIJiayeH, mo naHysan y 141D-1413 pp. CuzW.tyHoa- iMnepaTop «CnHu~euoi PMMCI>KOI iMnepii» CMri3M)'H.A, mo naHynas y 14391490 pp. A1ixeJL1> Kyx~taucmep- neJI~-tKnii MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro op,AeHy MixeJih KyxMawcTep <f>oH illTepH6epr, mo naHYnas y 1414-1422 pp. Ioan1w XXl/1- anT~-tnana IoaHH XXIII, mo npan~-tn y M. Tii3a B 1410-1415 pp. ne oompu.Ma6 )1ZOOU- H,AeTbCH npo nopyweHIHI MixeJieM KyxMaikTepoM TopyHCbKOro Mapy ( 1411) Mi)l{ TenTOHCbKMM op,AeHOM Ta TioJibCI>Ko-JhiTODCbKOIO .Aep)l{anoro. Epbc- M,AeTI>CH npo KopoJIH llneu.il EpiKa XIII TioMepaHCbKoro, mo naHynaB y 13961439pp. (iHKKOpOJib,[\aHii-31412p.).

c.49 OJICaHeTna- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaai nopo.A~-tCT~-tli )l{epe6eu.b. na)'Ab ¢on Po3iJop¢- neJII-iKI-iH MaricTp TeBTOHCbKOrO Op,AeHy nayJib cpoH Pyc.Aopcp, mo naH}'BaB y 1422-1441 pp. nanu Mapmina- MapTiH V- p~-tMCbKm1 nana y 1417-1431 pp.

c. 50 yxeaAenHR nepe.Mup'R-

ot.~eB~-t.AHO, I1,AeTbCH npo M~-tp, yKJia,AeHm1 Ha.A oaepoM MeJIHO (1422), Ha ni.ACTani 5IKOro TioJII.ma oTp~-tM)'BaJia K)'HBCbKi BOJIO,AiHH5I Op.AeHy 3 HErnasoro ni.A Top)'HHIO, a Jl~-tTBa- )I(M)'.Ah Ta ,Ae5IKi iHilii 3eMJii. KoHpao EpAiza)'3en- neJI~-tK~-tli MaricTp TenTOHChKoro op.AeHy KoHpa.A cpoH EpJiixcrayaeH, mo naHYBaB y 1441-1449 pp. AA116pexma- Ma€TbCH Ha ysa3i iMncpaTop <<CBHll.leHHOi P~-tMCbKOI iMnepil» Anb6pexT II ra6c6ypr, mo naHysan y 1438- 1439 pp. Jhoooie EpAizayJen- neJI~-tK~-tw MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro op,AeHy Jlro.unir cpoH EpJiixcrayaeH, mo naH)'nas y 1450-1467 pp. KaJu.uupalV-.u~-ta. KOMeHT. .uo KH. I, c. 98. njJyCC1>1Ca UJ./Ul.Xma i ZOAOOni Micma ... 6UZ~ta8UI.U xpecmOHOC?&iO... - )' 1440 p. Bl-iHI-iK TI p)'CCbKMH coro3, cTuopeH~-tli MiCTaM~-t tl pliU.apcTBOM .UJIH 6opoTh6M npoTM Op.AeHy, HKm1 spelliTi ni.AHHB noncTaHHH ( 4 JIIOToro 1454 p.). I 0 JIIOToro 1454 p . .AO KpaKosa npH6)'JIO nocoJibCTBO TipyccbKOro coroay, ot.~oJieHe JluoM Ea)l{~-tHCbKI1M. 6 6epe3HH 1454 p. no11o .uii1IlJJIO yro.nu, 3a HKOIO TioMopCbKi 3eMJii nepexo,Al1JII1 ni.n TenTOHCbKoro op.AeHy .AO TioJibll.li ni.n Ha3BOIO KopoJiiBchKOi Tipyccii. l.J,e noKJiaJIO not.~aToK TpHHa.AU.HTI1JiiTHii1 nHhli 1454-1467 pp., n KOTpili TioJibJU.a nepeMorJia Op,neH i 3aKpinnJia enol Tep~-tTopiaJII>Hi 3,A06}'TKII.

c. 52 renpix Pouc - BCJII1KI1i1 MaricTp TeBTOHCbKOro op.neHy feHpix Poi1c cpoH TIJiayeH, monauysan y nepccHi 1467, noTiM y 1469- 1470 pp. i.Mnepamopa <Ppiopixa III- iMncpaTop <<CnHmeHHoi PMMChKOi iMnepii» <l>pi.upix III, mo nauynan y 1440-1493 pp. (HI< iMnepaTop- 3 1452 p.). renpix... ¢on Puifimen6ejJe- DeJII1K1111 MaricTp TeBTOHCbKOrO Op.AeHy feHpix PecpJiiH cpoH PnxTeH6epr, mo naHynan y 1470-1477 pp. nanu Cu'Kcma/V- C11KCT IV- p11MChK11H nana y 1471-1484 pp. Mapmin Toucec ¢on Benza;p- neJ111KI1i1 MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro op.AeHy MapTiH Tpyx3ec cpoH BeTu.ray3eH, mo naHynan y 1477-1489 pp. BiH cnpaa.ui cnpo6ynan 3JlaMaT~-t }'MOBil TopyHcbKoro MI1PY in 1472 p. onoJio).l.iB BapMi€10, ni.AMOuancn np~-tcHraTH Kopomo IToJibud KaanMupy JlreJIJIOHt.I11K)'. Kom1 n< y 1478 p . .uilirnJio .AO uii1u~-t TioJII>ll.li 3 Op,ncHOM, Tpyxaec Mycun cKopnTuCSI.

894


KOMEHTAPI iiozmm Teifieu- nenHKHH MaricTp TenTOHCbKoro opJleHy MoraHH q>oH TmpeH, mo naHynany 1489- 1497 pp. /J.mepamopa MaKcuMiAimw ma nanu IO.aiR- MaiOTbCSI Ha ynaJi iMnepaTop «CBSII.l{eHHOI PuMCbKOI iMnepil» MaKcuMiJiiaH I , u~o naHynaa 1493-1519 pp., a TaKO)f( p1-1MCbKHH nana IOJiiii II, nOHTHcpiKaT nKoro oxonJIIOBaB 1503-1513 pp.

c. 53 {/;piiJjJix- seJlltKuii Mal'icTp TcuTOHCbKoro opJJ.eHy <l>pi.n.pix - KIHI3b CaKconil,

11..{0 naHynan y 1498-1510 pp. AAo6pexm- OCTaHnii1 nenHKI1~i MariCTp TenTOHCbKOro Op/\eHy Am,6pexT roreHUOJIJiepH, mo naHynan y 1511-1525 pp., nicJist "'oro (3 KniTHSI 1525 p.) CTan cuiTCLKHM KHst3eM Dpyccil, sacanoM Donhmi (.no cnoEi CMepTi y 1568 p.). BiH noxo.n.Hn 3i JHaTiwro HiMeuLKoro po.ny, stKHH naH)'Dan y 3a.Xi.llHOJ.\.fY EpaH.D.eH6yp3i, 6yn OH}'KOM no MaTepi nOJihCbKOro KOpOJI.H KaJHMHpa RreJIJIOHt.mKa Ta nneMiHHJ1K0111 TOJliUlllbOro KOpoJin nonhmi CHri3M)'HJla I CTaporo. DoKJia.naiO"'If Ha}liiO Ha .nonoMory ra6c6ypriu, niH, nK i i1oro nonepe.D.HIIK, ni.D.Monnnncn npHc.HraTH Ha niMaHcrno (niMant roJih.J~) nonbcbKOM}' KopOJIIO. DiCJin t.(epronoi sii1Hu, n .HKii1 Op.neH Ja3Hanan nopaJKM, .D.ii1UIJio .no nepeMHp'n 1521 p., a noTiM i .no KpaKiBcbKoro MHPY (9 KBiTHn 1525 p.), Ha ni.ncrani .SIKoro TeBTOHCbKHH op.neH JiiKni.n.onynaacn, a Ha i'toro Micui m11U1KaJia cniTCbKa .n.ep)f(ana (KH.H3iBCbKa npyccin), .SIKa CTanana nacaJIOM DoJibl.l{i. Anb6pexT CKJian rOJlb,lJ. Ha KpaKiBCbKQM}' p11HK)'. niaHirne 3 uiEI .n.ep:>KanM, TaK caMo .SIK i 3 EpaH)leH6ypra, BHHHKHe .SIJlpO npyccbKOI MoHapxil, HaBKOJIO stKol y XIX CT. o6'€JJ.HaEThCSI HiMet.(t.(HHa. ,li.Hn.: Panorama lojalnosci. Prusy Krolewskie i Prusy Ksi(lz<t_ce w XVI wieku.- Warszawa, 2001; Biskup M. Polska a Zakon Krzyi:acki w Prusach w pocz<t_tkach XVI wieku.- Olsztyn, 1983; Wijaczka J Asverus von Brandt 1509- 1559. Zycie i dzialalnosc dyplomatyczna w sluzbie ksi~cia Albrechta Pruskiego.- Kielce, 1996.

c. 56 Epa3.Myc ,4eM6i'HC'b'KUU... CU'H 'KOpO'H'H020 'Ka'H'IJ.MjJa - Ma€TbC.SI Ha ynaJi KOpOHHHH KaHuJiep Ba;IeHTHH ,neM6iHChKMi1, mo o6ii'iMaB u10 noca.ny s 1564-1576 pp. 'KofJ01i'HUU .Mett'HU'K kHiJJiceii 36opoeco'Kuii- MaETbC.SI Ha ynaJi AHJl)f(eH 36opoBChKHM, .SIKHH o6ii1Man u10 nocMy n 1569- 1574 pp.

c. 57 nocBR'Ite'H,UU iR CaM- niJHirne (16.07.1577) fsaHbiHi JliCTas rep6. Horo ao6paJKeHH.SI Hano~HTbCH y KH113i: Album annorum nobilium Regni Po1onine XV-XVlll s.- Lublin, 2001.- S. 173. ,li.11B. TaKmt<: Niesiecki K. Herbarz polski.- Lipsk, 1839.- T. 4.- S. 337.

c.60 nanaflaeAo- llanJIO V- pHMCbKHH nana y 1605-1621 pp.

c.61 K.!tUMeH,m BoCOMuu- K.nHMeHT VIII- p11MCbKI1H nana y 1592-1605 pp.

KHMrAV c.l .lliooHiR- JlinoHiSI - nepoicHo, Ha Memi XII-XIII CT., TepMTopiSI poaceJieHHSI ninis DJieMeHi yrpo-<J>iHCbKOi MODHOi rpyn11. JliBI1 3aHMaJII1 TO)li 3eMJii Ha ya6epe)IOI(i P113bKOi 3aTOKI1 Ha niBHi"'HI1H CXiA BiJl r11pJia _nayraBM (3axi)lHOi _nniHH) Ta ninHi'IHY 'laCTI1HY Kyp3eMCbKOI'O ya6epe)f()f(JI, lliJHime JiiDM 6yJI11 aCMMiJibOBaHi KypmaMM i JiaTraJiaMH, a ixHiMH

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repoif-6oraTHp, SIKHH 3,ll.iHCHHB 12 nO,ll.BHriB, Ja SIKi 3eBC 06,ll,apyaan HOrO 6e3CMepTSIM Ha OniMni. BwaHoayaaacSI n aHTHt~Hi qac11 SIK 6o)I(CCTBO. !eye- ii.u.eTbCSI npo Icyca HanHHa, BO)I(,ll.SI iapaiJibT.RH y 6opoTb6i npoTH aManiKiTSIH, cna.u.KO€Ml.(H Moiice11.

2 nepe.zJ;MOBH Teo!ftpacma- Teo~pacT (372-278 pp. JI.O H. e.)- .u.asHborpel.(bKHH cl>inoco<fl, yqeHb, np11-

C.

HTCJib i cna,ll.KO€MCl.(b ApicToTeJIH B wKoni JliKeiioH n Acl>iHax. Apicm01Tleii.A- ApicTOTCJib (384-322 pp . .u.o H. e.)- ei.u.oMHi1: ~iJioco~ aHTH'-IHHX qacia. BiH 6ya CHHOM Hii<oMaxa, np11,ll.Bopaoro niKapH MaKe,ll.OHCbi<oro l.(apSI <l>inina II, 6yo BMxonaTeneM CHHa ocTaHHboro - AneKcaH.u.pa Mai<C.ll.OHCbKoro. ApicToTCJib 20 poi<iB Y'-~HBCR B Al<a.u.eMii lliaToHa B Acl>iaax. noMep y XanKi,ll.OHi. TeKcT nepeKna.Ay KH. VI ony6JJ.: Muyu1< 10. ICTopiR aa6opoHeHoi KpaiHH

2006.- M 5.- C. 36-107.

899

11 naM•RTb cToniT~>.-


KOMEHTAPI c.l HiMe?&'flXe Mope- MaeTbCSI Ha yoaai BanTii1CbKe Mope. c. 2

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MiOM'bna?&iR i po3mawoeaue oa.rti eio Auzep.MaUCb?Cozo. lliCJlR. 'H.'bOZO £ Fe.ttuuUCb'Ke K'H.Jl3iocmoo, 'K'H.R3i8cm80 recmpu'l&iUCb'Ke•.. - Mi~OJibna~i.R Ha KapTi 0. MarHyca nOKa3aHa .RK Mi;ueJibna,Ai.R. Q.R 3CMJI.R Jie)l(HTb nis~eHHiwe p. 0HrepMaHeJihDeH. Ha ara,AaHii1 KapTi 0. Man1yca AHrepMaHi€10 HaasaHo aeMJii noHa.A p. 0HrepMaHeJibDeH 6iJI.R cyqacHoro M. OceJie y nisHi"'Ho-cxi~Hiii IIIoe~ii. feJJbCHHCbKe KH.RaiocToo He nJipaTH ai CTOJIHQeiO <l>iHJI.RH,nii (feJibCHHKi). Ha Kapri 0. MarHyca BOHO noKaaaHe nioHi"'Hiwe Yncan11. recTpH~i.R Ha Tiif )l(e KapTi noKaaaHa Mi)l( renbCHHrieiO Ta Yncano10. <l>iHJI.RH.ZJ.iH aaooi1osyeTbCH lllueuie10 3 cep. XII CT., i ue aaoo10naHH.R 6yJio 3aoepmeHe HanpHKiHui XII CT. rooop.R"'H ,AaJii npo DOJIO~iHH.R <l>iHJIHH~i€10 MOCK08CbKI1M KHH3eM, fuaHbiHi nOMI1JIH€ThC.R, xoqa y .npyriif noJIODHHi XII cT. Q.R KpaiHa 6yna c¢epo10 aiTKHCHHH iHTepecio llloe~ii Ta Hooropo.na. Ynca.rta- Qe MiCTO He Ma€ 6eanocepe,AHbOrO BHXO.Ay ~0 :0aJITiHCbKOrO MOpH. HiKoniR.- O"lleBH~Ho, H101.JeniHr, ~o po3TawonaHMH nin.neHHiwe Yncan11. K'H.R3iecmoa, oco6.auoo Pa36)'jJ3'bKe, Bu6yp3'b'Ke- ni.n Paa6yproM CJii~. O"'eBH,li.HO, p03}'MiTH M. A6o (cyqacHe Typey); BH6yp3bKe KHH3iocTso, T06To B116opabKe,- si,ll. Ha3BI1 M. Binepi (HHHi- B116opr a P<l>). Hopoa'H. FomcbKuii- .li.HD. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. lla6JW /JUR'KO'H.- llaBJIO ,ZJ:HHKOH ( 6JI. 720 - 6JI. 799 ) - JJaHro6ap.l.{CbK11H icTOpHK. Y 782786 pp. 6yo np11 ~sopi KapJia BeJJI1Koro, a TaKO)l( "'JieHOM iioro AKa,ll.eMii. foJIOBHI1M ToopoM llaBJia ,ZJ:I1.HKOHa € «lcTopi.R JiaHro6ap,ll.iB», y KOTpOMY BI1KJI~eHO icTopiiO QbOrO Hapo~y Bi,ll. no"'aTey ~o 744 p., TOPKHJDWI1Cb i iHWHX esponeiicbKHX nJieMeH Ta Hapo~io. foaHbiHi noMHJIH€TbC.R, KOJIH, H.lzy1.Jll 3a Ql1M Ta iHWHMli cepe,li.HbODi"'HI1MH aBTOpaMH, OTOTO)l(HIO€ roTiB i3 QiJIHM p.R~OM iHW11X HapO.lliB, .HK·OT: ryHaMH, CKJiaBaMH, 6oJirapaMH TOIUO, XO"'a ~e.RKi MOrO OTOTQ)l(HCHH.R npaBI1JlbHi (rOTH, OCTrOTI1, BiJI1rOT11).

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900


KOMEHTAPI c. 7 E'RpMi'i- Haninq>aHTacnt'iJ·I a Kpaiua, SIKa Jie)I(HTb Ha nin.neHI-mH cxi.n ni.n CKaH,l.J,HHanii. I1po He'i '!acTo Jra.uyuMJ1 CKaH,l.J,I1Hauc~.>Ki car11 Ta cepeiJ.HbOBi'iHi xpoHicTH i1 KOCMorpa<f>H. CKaH,l.J,HHancl>Ki ITifCbMeHIBIKli XIII CT. CaKCOH rpaMaTIJK Ta Cuopi CrypJI)'COH p03TarnynaJII1 6'llpMiiO np116JUiJHO s paiioHi KoJibCbKoro niuocTpona Ta rupJia I1inui'!HO'i ,l(niHH. ,ll;ur euponeikbKOi KapTorpa<f.>ii ri ai.nKpuu 0. Maruyc, SIKHii po3Tamynan ii D pm1oHi KoJihCbi<Oro nioocTpoaa. 6a.A.eH.a.Mu- ao6paA<eHHst Mi<f>i'iHO'i p11611 oaJieHH e Ha KapTi 0. MarHyca. 0'leDI11J.HO, T)'T CJii,l.J, p03)'MiTH SIKI1r1Cb pi3HOB11,l.J, KHTOUHX. pmw- Ha «MopcbKil'i KapTi» 0. Maruyca cnpan.ni Jo6pa)l(eHo JiereH.napHoro MopcbKoro paKa, y KJieumi stKoro 6opca€TbCfl mo.nm-ra.

l..JacTMHa II c.9 Ki.Mepiucoxi eiuuu- KiMnpu

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901


KOMEHTAPI ~eHHiH ITanii, ~e naHynaJJa AH"'}'ikhKa ~MHacTi.H, yrnop11noc.H HeanoniTaHChKe KoponincTno.

Y 1504 p. C1u~MJii.H paaoM 3 HeanoniTaHCbKMM KoponiacTBOM }'BiHWJia ~o CKJJa.zxy IcnaHii ni.n Ha3B010 e<KoponincTao 06ox CMQMJiiH», .HKe icHynano .no 1860 p., ¢aKTM'IHO 11.0 1799 p. Aanzo6apiJu- repMaHCbKe nJieM'.H, .HKe }'I CT. H. e. MeWKaJIO y nOH1133i E.nb6H. ni.n qac oeJIUKOrO nepeceneHH.H Hapo~iB BOHM pa30M 3 iHWI1MI1 OJieMeHaMH, nepeBaJKHO repMaHCbKMMM, aaaoiOBaJII13Ha'IH}' 'laCTMH}' IlinHi'IHOi hanii, aacHynanM JlaHro6ap,ncbKe Koponiacrao (568774). Y 773-774 pp. Q.H ~epiKaaa 6yna aaaoiioaaHa KapnoM BeJIMKMM, KoponeM ¢paHKin, OJJ.HaK a6eperna neaHi pMCMJJ.epiKanHocTi ii ni~ Ha3BOJO «JloM6ap,ni.H» icHye i HMHi .HK icTopM'IHa H. a;J.MiHicTpaTMnHa o6nacTb IlinHi'IHOI haniL 6 Pyzii"- P10reH- ni~ TaKOIO Ha3BOIO i HMHi ni)J.OMHH OCTpiB }' niBJJ.CHH0-3axi,nHiH 'lacnmi oanTMKM. fnaHbiHi BiKMBae ~10 Baany ,nn.H oKpecneHH.H IloMop'.H (IloMepaHii). HopeeziR OJH.a'ltat: na/l:bC'bK010 <mieni'tlH.UU UUI.RX»- QH aepciH e QiJIKOM npanJJ.ono.ni6HoiO, ocKilihKH 8 HiMCQbKiH MODi «Nord» 03Ha'la€ ninHi'l, a «Weg»- WJI.HX.

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c.14 Me.J.tyc- M:,neTbCH npo p. MaM:H.

ryr Ma€TbCH Ha ysaai p. Xaae y ninHi'-IHO-aaxi.nHiii qacTimi HiMC'-1'-IHHM. 5pynonoJLiM- TaK fnaHbiHi HaJHBa€, O'llCBM,llHO, EpeMeH. Pm-~.a- T}'T rnaHbiHi JJ.CJ..UO nnyra€TbCSI, 6o PoHa TC'lle nepenaii<HO y <l>paHI..d'i i Bna,D.a€ y Cepe.naeMHC Mope. Tu?J,inyc ... Pyc- ni.n Tm~~iHycoM fnaHbiHi Mae Ha ynaai, O'llCBHJJ.HO, p. ETQe y IlinHi'llHiH HiMe'-l'llHHi, niny npHTOK}' Enb6H, ni.u Becynmo 1111 PycoM - O'llCBHAHO, p. Pyp. Tu6epiyc Jlex- ue p. Jlex y Ilin.ueHHiii HiMe'-l'IHHi, npana npHTOKa ,li.yHaiO. 4>piopix Tpemiu- I1JJ.eTbCH npo iMnepaTopa <<CBHUJ.eHHo'i PHMCbKO'i iMnepii•• <l>pi.npixa KpaCHBOrO ra6c6ypra, UJ.O naHynan y 1314-1330 pp., a6o npo <l>pi.l{pixa III fa6c6ypra, I..UO naHynan y 1440-1493 p. (HK iMnepaTop - 3 1452 p.) AM.a3)'C-

c.l5 ?Copo.M.M Te11pixoM- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaai feHpix I ia CaKCOHCbKO'i .l{HHacTi'i, iMnepaTop <<CBHUJ.CHHoi PHMCbKOi iMnepi'i••, mo naHysan y 919-936 pp. Baaoac;ryma- Banb.ucryr - MiCTO Ha nin.l{Hi HiMC'1'1HHI1, mo CTOITb Ha KOp.l{oHi ai lllneM:QapieiO Ha npaaoMy 6epeai p. PeM:H. )J(eueeC'bxoi' pixu- Ma€TbCH Ha ynaai )KeHencbKe oaepo. Tuzypuna- HJJ.CTbCH, cyJJ.H"'H 3 ycboro, npo M. TyH, w.o CTOITb Ha 6epeai p. Aape.

c.l6 <1>jJi6ypz- MicTo y aaxi.uHiii lllaei1uapii. Y npaeAiHWL Jlmnapll- T}'T fnaHbiHi npHn)'CKa€TbCSI llOMI1JJK11, MOiKJIHBO, Ap)'KapCbKOI, ocKiJJbKH iMnepaTop <<CBHu~eHHol PHMCbKOI iMnepil>> JloTap III na1-1ynan Ha CTO poKiB paHime, a 1125 no 1137 pp.

902


KOMEHTAPI 1\licmell:KO (8. raoAa- CaHKT-faJJJICH.

lOAm UeJapR- .U11B. KOMCHT. .uo KH. I, c. 43.

lllaifjayutiR.- ~i.ueTbCH npo M. llla¢ray3eH y

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c.l7 CuziJM) 1td - Ma€TL>CH Ha yoa3i iMnepaTop <<Cn.m.l{CHHol PHMCbKOI iMnepii» 1

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1410-1437 pp. cnMuA.u i:X Ja me, 1{!0 emw ... iJaeaA.u npu'tfawm moorut niiJ iJoo.Ata ouiJa.Mu- y po3noni.ui npo

JJKI1H naHyHan y

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Y KaTOJII1KiD npn'<laCTH 3a3UH'<IaH 6yoaE IIi.U 0).(HI1M l3M,UOM, npauo Ha np11'4aCTJI ni,u

o60Ma B11,UaMI1 MaiOTb JIIHllC C0Hll.(CH11KI1.

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noM:HJIS~ETbCH, Ha3HoaJO'-m

161-180 pp., MapKOM AHToHiEM. ll{O naH)'aaa y 161-169 pp.

KoA.t.Map - MaETbCJJ Ha yoa3i M. KoJibMap, I..QO Jie)f(MTb nin.n.eHH0-3axi,uHirue CTpac6ypra. Ce;zecma- MaEThCJJ Ha yoaJi M. CenecTa, I..QO Jie)f(HTh Mi)f( CTpac6yproM i KOJihMapoM. <Ppiopixa ,4pyzozo- Ma€ThCJJ Ha yoaJi <l>pi.upix II lllTpay<t>eH (foreHmTaycpeH) - iMnepaTop «CBJJll{eHHoi PHMChKOi iMnepii», 1..1.{0 naHyaaa y 1212-1250 pp., JJK iMnepaTop- 3 1220 p.

c.19 Becmepux- nip; BecTepMXOM fnaHbiHi po3yMiE T)' 1.JaCTI1H)' cy'<laCHoi HiMe'4'411HM, JJKa Jie)f(MTb y 3CMJIJJX Pei1HJiaH.u-TI<t>a.nhu, i Caap.

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JlauiJon- Ma€ThCJJ Ha ynaJi M. JlJJHp;ay, 1..1.{0 po3TaruonaHe Ha Jaxip; oi.u KapJicpye. Cnipa- MaETbCJJ Ha ynaJi M. lllneep, KOTpe Jie)f(HTh Mi)f( Kap11cpye Ta MaHrai1MOM.

c.20 Aneycma - Ma€ThCH Ha yna3i nepnmi1 iMnepaTop PHMChKO'i iMnepii- AorycT, mo naHynan y 27 p . .uo H. e.- 14 p . H. e. EinziyM- EiHreH - MicTo, JJKe JIC)f(MTb Jaxip;Hirue Mai:i:Hu.a, Ha nioocTponi, mo iioro yraop1010Th p . .Anb3eHu,, 11ina npHTOKa Pei1Hy, i caM Pei1H.

Ommoui Be..auxoMy- roaHbiHi nOMMJIJI€TbCJI, OCKiJibKM iMnepaTop <<CBJJll{eHHOi PMMCbKOi iMnepii» 0TTOH

I BeJIMKMH

naHyaao y

936-973

pp., aHa

911-918

pp. np11na,n;ae naHyaaHHH

KoHpa,na I.

c.21 J..IeifiMiR- Ma€TbCSJ Ha yoa3i, oqeaH,nHo, BecT¢aJJiJJ. Ko'H.ifjAymyiR - MaETbCH Ha yoa3i M. Ko6neHu.. KMieyAa- ,naBHbOp~-tMCbKMH iMnepaTop Ka.niryna, JJKMH naHyaao y 37-41 pp.

c.22 lOAiu- ryT. oqeBM.UHO, HAeTbCJJ npo AaDHbOpHMCbKoro iMnepaTopa ,Z:U,niH IOniaHa, 11\0 naH)'aaa y 193 p . 1liM6ypz- ii.ueTbCH npo perioH JliM6ypr, ~o icHyE i HMHi y foJIJiaH,nii Ta Benbrii Ha ix Kop,noHax 3 HiMeqqMHOIO.

Hep()Jla- .UMB. KOMeHT. AO KH. II, c. 4.

903


KOMEHTAPI Hiee.M.a- MO>KJIHDO, HaMIOp.

FeAwpiA- Ma€ThCH Ha yaa3i 3eMJUl, ueHTpoM RKoi 6yno M. fenh,nepH, po3TawoaaHe Ha 6eperax p. Hipc Ha cyqacHoMy HiMeQbKOMY Kop,noHi 3 Hi.nepnaH,naMH. Oilmi"lHiwe ne>KHTb M. Kneae, npo RKe i1,zJ.eTbCR y fnaHbiHi HHiK"le. TpaeKmyM- Ma€TbCH Ha ysaai M. YTpexT, po3TawoaaHe B Hi.nepJJaH,nax nin,neHHime AMcrep,naMa. c.23 lPopv.urfteH.Cb'Ka- oqenH,nHO, Ma€TbCH na yna3i <l>opxraiiM y nin,neHHo-3axi.nHiH HiMe"l"lliHi . .H'Kw.m- Ma€TbC.H Ha yna3i p. RrcT, ~o Te"le Ha 3axi.n ni.n M. HopniHreHa. HepO.aima - HopJJiHreH - MicTo, HKe neiKI1Tb Ha cxi.n ni.n llhyrrapTa, Ha Kop.noHi 3eMJii Ea,neH-B10pTeM6epr 3 Eanapie10. Tum ,l(oMiyiau- u,neTbCH npo ,naBHbOpHMCbKOro iMnepaTopa THTa <l>nani.H ,ll.oMiuiaHa, mo na"Ynaa y 81-96 pp. DpH.u.yw11n y fepMaHii cKeponaHe npoTI1 Hboro noncTaHHH p11MCbKoro aiucbKa ni.n KepiBH11QTBOM AHTOHiH CarypHiHa. faaHhiHi noMI1JIKoao naa>Kae QHX noBCTaHuia HiMQHMI1. HeTO"'He i .n.arysaHHH no.n.ii xpoHicTOM. Tu6epiR i Koucmaumuua- O"leBH.U.HO, fnaHbiHi noMHJI.H€TbCH, 6o .n.aBHbOpHMCbKi iMnepaTOpH na"YBaJIH y Ha,ATO ni.A.n.a.JJeHHu O.LJ.HH ni.u. o.n.noro "lac: T116epiu - y 14-37 pp., KoHcTaHTHH I BenHKHii- y 306-337 pp.

c.24 Mwucmep- Ce6acTiHH MIOHCTep (1489-1552) - HiMeQbKHH n"leHHH, reorpa<f>, icTopHK, TCOJIOf, MOB03HaBeQb-opi€HTa.JJiCT, aBTOp CJiaBH03BicHOl KOCMOrpa<f>ii, HKa BHTpHMaJia KiJJbKa BH.U.aHb, HacaMnepe.u. y Ea3eJJi «Cosmographiae universalis libri VI>> (Basel, 1554). Cxi.u.H}' €npony on11can Ha 6a3i «TpaKTary npo .u.ni CapMaTii>> (1517) nOJibCbKoro xponiCTa Ma~eH MexonCbKOro. ,ll.oKJJa.u.niwe JJ.HB.: Motyot'K 10. A. 3anHCKH 11HOCTpaH~ea KaK 11CT0'4HMK no 11CTOpHH YKpaHHbi (nTopas~ noJIOBMHa XVII- cepe.u.11Ha XVII n.).- )J.HenponeTponcK, 1981.- C. 8-10. ,l(/J)'3 TepM.ani'K- fau I<JiaDAiii ,ZJ,py3 fepMaHiK (15 p • .U.O H. e.-19 p. H. e.), nJieMiHH11KAaB· HbOp11MCbKoro iMnepaTopa TH6epiH. BiH Kepyoan nepeMO)I(HHMH noxo.n.aMH Ha fepMaHho.

c.26

,l(i01UI.emiau i Ma'KCUM.i.aiau- MaiOTbC.H na yna3i .n.anHbOpHMCbKi iMnepaTopH )J,ioKJieTiaH Ta MaKCHMiJJiaH, mo naHynanH niAnoni.u.Ho y 284-305 Ta 286-305 pp. Tpmm- .nanHbOpMMCbKI1H iMnepaTop TpaHH, mo naHynan y 98-117 pp.

c.27 528 ey.auyo- CaMe TaK BKa3aHO B OCHOBHOM}' TCKCTi OpHriHaJJy, aHa MapriHecax llO)J.aHO iHwy u11<f>py- 522. Tyr O"'CBH)J.Ha .npyKapchKa noMHJIKa. c.28

Teupix- O"leBH)J.HO, feHpix I, iMnepaTop <<CBHW.CHHOI PHMCbKOi iMnepii» y 919-936 pp. 'KojJOAA flute.MUC/l.a8a II- nweMHCJl II- 1.1CCbKHH KOpOJib y 1253-1276 pp .• KH.H3b AncTpii 3 1251 p., illTHpii - 3 1261 p., KapHHTii i KpallHH- 3 1269 p. nocHJiai-IHH fnaHbiHi Ha KyHiryH.D.Y € HCTO"'HHM, 610 TaM i)J.CTbC.H npo CD. KyHiryH.Ay.

c.29 PyiJMo¢ Ta6c6yjJe- Py.n.om~<l> I- iMnepaTop «CB.HW.eHuoi PHMCbKOi iMnepii>> y 1273-1291 pp. AA.o6pexmoei- AJib6pexT I- iMnepaTop <<CBHW.CHHOI PuMCbKOi iMnepil ,, y 1298-1308 pp., B AucTpii- y 1282-1308 PP· ,ll,aJii y cnHcKy Ha3BaHi, 30KpeMa, JlJO,D.Uir (Jla.nucJian nocryM), ~o naHynau y 1439-1457 pp. (6yn TaKO:IK KopoJieM Y:exii Ta Yrop~mm); O"leBH)J.HO, AJlh6pexT V (II), mo naHyuau y 1404-1439 pp.; TaKo:IK CHriJMyH.D.- iMnepaTop y 1439-1490 pp.;

904


KOMEHTAPI <I>pi.npix V (III) - iMnepaTop y 1490-1493 pp.; Mat<CHMiJJian I - iMnepaTop y 1493-1519 pp.; Kapn V- iMnepaTop y 1519-1522 pp.; <l>ep.a.nnaH,u I- iMnepaTop y 1522-1564 pp.; MaKCHMiniaH II- iM nepaTop y 1564-1576 pp.; Py,uonucp II- iMncpaTop y 1576-1612 pp.

c.30 lllpeKeu6epK- ih.10nipno, T)'T cni.a. MaTH ua ynaJi M. WnpcM6cpr ua p. Wnpe€. Cmapzapa- ii.ll.CTbCR npo cy'l.faCHU~I CTaprap.a.-ll.J.cf..\iHCbKI1ii y ninui4H0-3aXiAifiii

noJJbl.l.{i.

c.31 Ta.M6ypz- raM6ypr CTOITb y rt1pJJi p. E.nb611. no iloro TCPHTopii npoTiKa€ TaKO)K HCBeJIHKa p. AnbCTep. RKY rualibiHi nenpaunJJhiiO Ha311Bil€ OJibTCMi€10. ct>piiJpix, cun EpH.cma- MatoTbCR Ha ynaJi caKCOHChKi KypcptOpcTH EpHcT i <l>pi.upix III MyJJ.pm1, RKi naHymum niJJ.noni.nr·IO y 1464-1486 Ta 14~6- 1525 pp. ct>piopix 'lluuue 3 noAoCbKU..M BAaouCJLaoo.M - MaJOTbCfl Ha yuaJi iMnepaTop «CnHuteHHoi P~-~:MChKOi iMnepii» <l>pi.a.pix III Ta nOJJhCbKH:H Koponb Bna,n11CJ1an III, l.l.{O naHyna.nH ni,unoui,uHo y 1440-1493Ta 1434-1444 pp. Mameiu- MaTiaw ryr·m;:d - yropcbKHi1 KOpOJib y 1458-1490 pp. AA'bifjoncoM- An~>cpoHc V (I)- KopOJih HeanoniTaHCbKOro KoponincTna y 1442-1458 pp. Tee.tt'bfPaMU i zi6e.aina.Mu.- ri6eniHH- noJiiTH4Ha «napTiR» B ha.nii XII-XV CT., $IKa opieHrysa.nac.H Ha «CDRI.l.{eHHY PHMChKY iMnepiJO», ni.a.TpHMyua.na repMaHCbKY .li.HHacTiJO roreHwTaycpeHis, y TOH 4ac $IK rnenbcp11 (LVI HaJsa noxo,nHTb si.a. npi3BHI.l.{a 6anapcbKI1X i caKCOHChKMX repuoris- Benbcp) 6yn11 npoTH:DHHKaMH iMnepii. I Ti, J1 iHwi TBopHJIH w11poey Mi)f(Hapo.a.Hy KOaJiil..{iiO pi3HHX ,UCp)KaB. lPejJOU1ta'H008i- ,UHB. KOMCHT. ,li.O KH. 1, C. 125.

c.32 UeinZJti, KatLMiH..- )J(aH KanbsiH ( 1509- 1564) - BH,naTHHi1,nifl'4 PecpopMal\i'i, ocHosonoJIO)KHHK Ka.JibBiHi3MY - npOTCCTaHTCbKOrO aipOB'4CHHSI, .HKe E paAHKaJibHiWHM Ja JIIOTepaHCTBO. Ynbpix UsiHrJii ( 1484-1531), lllaeiiuapcbKI·u1 pecpopMaTop KaTOJIH:UhKOi UepKBH, noniTI1'4HHM JJ.i.S1'4, OCHOBOIIOJIO)f(Hl1K UBiHrJiiaHCTBa - O,UHi€I 3 Te'iiH npoTeCTaHTH3J\1Y. Apiii- ApiJ1 (IV CT.) - OCHOBODOJIO)KHMK €peci apiaHCTBa, cyrb RKOI IIOJIRraJia 8 Janepe"l.feHHi Xp11cTa .SIK inocTaci IlpecsSIToi Tpiiiui. Ey~y4~-~: cBSII.l.{eHHKOM a AneKcaH,upi'i, Apii1 BHCJJOBHB cno10 ,uoKTpHHY n ,nHcKycii J enMcKonoM AlleKcaHJJ.pOM. U.s~ Epecb 6yJia 3acy_n)KeHa Ha I BceneHChKOMY Co6opi a HiKei, a.ne icHyaa.na ,no cepe,u~-~:HM VII CT. 'HOeoxpeuJ,myi..• mpunimapii- MaJOTbC.SI Ha yaaJi aua6anTH:CTH, npe~cTaBHHKM nporecraHTChKOi ceKTH: qacia Pe¢opMauii. HaJBaHi TaK qepeJ Te, l.l.{O ai~K~-~:.n,a.n11 xpel.l.{eHH.H HeMOBJI.HT, BH:3HaiOtrH TiJihKH xpel.l.{eHH.SI ~OpOCJIHX, BHMaraJIH HOBOfO xpe~eHH.Jl HOBHX '4JieHiD CeKTJ.f. Bi,nKMJJ.aJIR -raKo* uepKOBHi Ta'iHCTBa, uepKonuy iEpapxiJO iT. ,u. 3 aHa6anTHCTiB niaHiwe BRpoCJiu HOBi npoTeCTaHTChKi CeKTH, B T. '4, aHT11TpH:HiTapiiD (yHiTapiin), .HKH:X [aaHbiHi Ha3J.fBa€ .,Tp11HiTapi.HMI1». zyzenomu.- HaJsa ¢paHx.cyJhKHX npoTecTaHTiB y XVI-XIX CT. Cepe.a. ryreHoTiB oco6mmo nonynHpHHM 6yno B'leHHH )J(. KanbsiHa. K'HJl3'b iJeAAwa- <l>epHaH,uo An1>6a .a.e Tone,uo (1507-1582)- icnaHCbKRH niHcbK?BHH i noniTR'lHHH .n,ifltr, o.n,uo.eyMe~b icnaHCbKOro Kopon.H <l>iJiina II, ry6epHaTop Hi.n,epnaH.n,iB y 15671573 pp., Bi,UOMHH CBOIM11 Kp11BaBH:MI1 penpeci.HMI1 npOTI1 rOJIJiaH)l,CbKH:X IIODCTaHI..\iB. Y 1580 p. aaaoJOsaa Ilopryra.ni10 i npHE,UHaB ii .no IcnaHii. AAW'pexm... niCJIJl, npuCAzu- AHD. KoMeHT. .n.o KH. rv, c. 53. MaETbCR Ha ynaai np11cflra Anb~ 6pexTa noJibCbKOMY KopoJieoi C11riaMyu.n.y I (1525). Tiicn.H ~boro TipycciSI cTana naca.noM IlOJibCbKOi .a.ep>KaBH.

c.33 HoaXUM Mapxio- AoaxHM I HecTop- 6paH.a.eu6ypJbKHH MapKrpa<P y 1499-1535 pp.

905


KOMEHTAPI c.34 KoHcmaH,mu'H.a III- KoHcTaHTMH III - oi3aHTiiicbK&-~i1 iMnepaTop y 641 nan.u Ioa'H'Ha IV- IoaHH IV- p&-~MChKMM nana y 640-642 pp. c.35 Wmemmu'H -

p.

M.ZJ.CTbC.R npo me~iH.

AMi'Hf>- Tyr i ,l{a.JJi y fsaHhiHi TparrJI.R€ThCSI 1.JI1Ma.JJO IIOMI-IJIOK, nepe6iJibWCHb, THIIOBHX ,l{JISI JICfCH.ZJ., a TaKO.>K aHaxpOHi3MiU, SJK-OT CJIOBO «AMiHb>> y MOJII1TBi JICfCH.ZJ.apHOfO KHSI3SI tiexa, mo 6yo st3M1.JHJ-tKOM.

c.36 Kataa-

fnaHbiHi 1.1acoM no.ZJ.a€ iMeHa nepcoHa.>Kin qecbKMX nereH.A y .ZJ.ew.o HeJowmiii

TpaHcKpMm.~ii. Mae 6yT11: KaJi.

c.37 flweMUC.Jt- f1WCMI1CJI 6ys pO.ZJ.OHal.JaJibHI-IKOM rreprnoi KHS13iBCbKOI Ta KOpOJiiBCbKOI .ZJ.H-

HaCTii o tiexii, H:oro naHynaHHH npMrra,Aae Ha cepe.AHHY IX CT.

c.40 flexmeCUiti10- .ZJ.HB. KOMCHT. .ZJ.O KH.

c.41 poxy 14J -

I, c. 11.

T)'T .ApyKapCbKa IIOMHJIKa, Ma€ 6fTI1

743.

c. 43 E opJJCueoR- ryT n opHriHa.ni noMMJIKono no,AaHo «Borzyslava». Eop:>KHBOw - qecLKHM KH.R3b, w.o naHysan y 890- 894 pp.

c.44 Ba?J,Jtao - BaUJiaB ( Bnt.tecnan) Cn.RTHM - qechKMM KHSI3b, w.o naHynas y 921-929 pp. J(pazo.Mupo'l().. . JboiJMWl)'· ,l{paroMnpa - .ZJ.PY.>KHHa KHSI3.R BpaTHCJiasa, .AOHbKa KH.R3.R nneMCHi cTO.ZJ.opaH, .R3111.JH11U.R. Cn. JliO.ZJ.MHJia- 6a6ycsr KH.R3.R B.R"'CCJiasa (BaU)Iasa), xpHCTM.RHKa. 16.09.921 p. y TeTMHi 3 HaKaJy .ZI.paroMHPH .Ana 6o.Rpima 3a.ZJ.}'WI1JII1 JliO.ZJ.MHJI)'. ,li,Ho.: CKaJaHH.R o Ba't.lane Y'erncKoro rocy.ZJ.apcTna B .ApesHepyccKoM: IIHCbMCHHOCTH.- M., 1970.- C. 7- 8. CeRmoruty'K - CnsrTonnyK (Cn.RTOIIOJIK) - BCJIHKOMopascbKMH KHSI3b y 870 p. Ty-r i .ZJ.ani y TBopi fnaHbiHi Ha.RBHi XpOHOJIOrit.tHi IIOM11JIK11.

coRmozo KupU!la- Ma€TbC.R Ha ynaJi en. K11puno (827-869)- cnos'HHCI>KHM npasocnanHHM nporroni.ZJ.HHK i npocsiTHTCJib, Tnopeuh (pa3oM 3 6paTOM cs. Me¢o.ZJ.i€M) cnos'srHCbKOI a6eTKH (KHpWIHUi) i nepeKJia,uat.t cTapocnou'srHCbKOIO MOBOIO Cn.nToro IlucbMa i 6oroCJI)')K6onHx KHHr. Cso10 MiciiO cepe.ZJ. cnon'.RH niH po3no1.1an 3 6paToM y 863 p . (Mopaui.R i IlaHHOHi.R), Ky.nu BOHH 6ym-t nocnaHi M11xalnoM III IlaneoJioroM, ui3aHTii1cbi<HM iMnepaTopoM, y 842- 877 pp.

BfJamucJLaea- BpaTHCJiaB- t.ICCbKiiH KHH3b y 903(905 )-921 pp. rnaHhiHi nponycTHB CniTHrHena, t.tCCbKOro KH.R3SI y 902-903(905) pp. EoJLeCJLao- EonecJian I fpi3HHM- 1.JCChKH11 KHH3b y 929- 967(972) pp.

c.45 Ommou- ,l{HB. KOMCHT. .no KH. I, c. 29. EoJLeCAaB MWlocmueuiL. EOJLeCAaB TpemiU, nomiM Jipo.~ttup, cuu EoJLeCAaea, nomi.M Y.n:opwc, nomiM EpamuCAae, cuu YiLbpu'Ka, nomiM Cnimumee - EoJiecnan MHJIOCTHBHH - EoJieCJiaB II EJiarot.teCTHBHH- t.tCCbKHM KH.RJb y 967-999 pp.; fioJiecnau III Py,n11i1- t.teCbKHM KHH3b y 999-1002, 1003 pp.; JlpOMHp- '-lCCbKHit KH.H3b )' 1003, 1004-1012, 1033-1034 pp. fnaHhlHi nponycTUB KHSJ3.R BJia.ZJ.HBOSJ, w.o naHynao y 1002-1003 pp. YJibpHK, To6To 011,np:>K11X- l.JCCbKHM KHSI3b y 1012-1033 pp.; EpaTHcnan, T06To Ep:>KeTHCJiau 1- t.tCCbKliM KHH3b y 1034-1055 pp.; CniTHrHeu II - "'CCbKHi1 KHSI3h y 1055-1061 pp.

906


KOMEHTAPI uapeuani- EpamuCAae- BpaTHcnau II -4CCbKHt'I KH}IJb}' 1061-1092 pp., Koponb 3 1085 p. rnaHhiHi nponycnm KoHpa,n.a I EpHCHCbKOro (1 092) Ta op)f(CTJ1CJJana II, U{O nanyna8 y 1092-

1100 pp. llomiM. EoJteCAae IV cmae nepzuu.~tf 'ttl'CbKUM Koj)oAe.M, a uozo 6j)am EopJKueou - niCilJl 1rwzo- T}'T SIKach nJJYTaHHHa. Eonecnana IV ue 3Haxo.z~HMO n cnHCKax •ICCbi<HX Koponi u, xi6a Ll{O paxynaTH noJJbCbKoro Koponn Eonecnana I Xopo6poro, .HK11i13axonHB '-lcxiio i Mopani1o i naHy8an TaM y 1003-1004 pp. 0)lHaK niH ne 6yn 6paTOM Gop)KHnosr II- •ICCbKoro Koponu y 1101-1107, 1117-1120 pp. CBRmOnA)'K, euz1weum EopJKuBOJl- CnaTOIIJI}'K- 4CCbi<Hi1 Kml3b y 1107-1109 pp. Eop)f(Iinoi1II-4eCbKHiiKoponhy 1101-1107,1117-1120 pp.

&aouCAae, CU'H EpamuCAaaio, nomi.11t - Co6t"CJlWJ, nomiM BJuJ.iJuouw, am 13AaiJuCAaea, nomiM. Co66CAQ8, W'H. Y.!l.'bpmca, nomi.M -Bawwo, wu Co66CA(I6iO, a nomi.M BAaiJuCAao, rnooi <PpiiJpix, mooillUJ.e.MUCA Ommcap, mooi - BatJr!laB, CUlt OmoKapio,- BJJa,AHCJiaB I - 4CCbKHi1 KHSI3b y 1109-1117' 1120-1125 pp.; Co6€cJJa8- 4CCbKI1ii KHH3h y 1125- 1140 pp.; Bna,Ancnan II- 4CCbKI1i1 KHSIJb y 1140- 1173 pp., KOpOJJb- 3 1158 p.; <l>pi.n.pix (oe,Ap)f(HX) - 4CCbKHH KHSI3b }' 1172-1173, 11781189 pp.; 011JCMI1C-n 0TaKap- 'lCCbK1111 KHSI3b }' 1192-1193, 1197-1230 pp., 3 1198 p.- KOpOJJb; Bai..VIaB I (Ill)- 'lCCbKHH KHH3b y 1230-1253 pp. f8aHbiHi nponyCTI18 Co6€CJJaBa II, KoHpa,Aa IIi Bai..VIasa II, mo nocni.n.osHO naHynan11 y 1173-1178, 1189-1191, 1191- 1192 pp., TaKO)f( IH.Ap:>KHxa Ep)f(eTI-tCJiaoa ( 1192- 1197) Ta Bna,n.HcJiana III IH.Ap)f(HXa ( 1197-1222). PyiJOA'b¢... niCJl.R uwzo- FeHpix... KapA... Kap.!t Ill, pUMCb1CUU i.Mnepamop - Py.n.onbcp ra6c6yprqechKm1 KHH3b y 1306-1307 pp.; feHpix XopyTaHCbKHH- qecbKI1H KHH3b y 1307-1310 pp.; KapJI IV- iMnepaTop «CanmeHHOi PHMCbKOi iMnepij,, y 1346-1378 pp., HKHi16y8 OAHO'-lacHo 4CCbKHM KOpoJICM ni.n. iM'.SlM KapJia I. rnaHbiHi nponyCTHB KHH3iB BaUJia8a II (1278-1305), Bai..VIaBa III ( 1305- 1306), BaUJia8a IV ( 1378- 1419), TaKO)f( R Ha JliOKceM6yp3bKOro, qechKoro KH.si3SI B 1310- 1346 pp., XO't.fa, HMOBipHO, MaE OCTaHHbOfO Ha }'Ba3i, KOJII1 fOBOp11Tb npo KapJia, MopaacbKoro MapKrpa<f>a.

Cuzi:JMyuiJ.•• nomiM - &a.OuCJtae... nic.tzJL 'H.WZO - KCl3U.Mup ... JboiJoei?C ... A.A.Wpexrn... B.n.ai>uCAae.•• IOpiii, ct>epiJuuauiJ, iM.nepamop Ma?Ccw.tirLiau ... PyiJoA'b¢- CHri3M}'H.lJ. - iMnepaTop «CBHIUCHHoi PnMCbKOi iMnepii», npeTeHp;yBaB Ha qecbKHii npecTOJI y 1419-1421 pp., ane He 6ya .a.onymeHHH Ha Hboro rycHTaMH. PeanbHO naHyaaa y lJexii y 1436- 1437 pp. Bna,n.11c.naa II RreJJJJOH 'ICChKUH KOpOJib y 1471-1516 pp.; IOpiii (lp)f(i) no)le6pa.A- 'ICCbKI1H KOpOJJb y 1458- 1471 pp. faaHbiHi nponycr11B Anb6pexTa II fa6c6ypra (1438-1439); BJia,n.HcJiaaa Ilorpo6Ka (14531457), a.ne acTaBHB noJibCbKoro KopoJIH KaaHMHpa IV (1447-1492). JIIO.n.o8iK .HreJIJIOH- KopoJio l.Jexii y 1516-1526 pp., O.AHO'lacHo naHyaaa 8 Yropm11Hi ni.A iM'HM Jiaiiowa II. IlicnH 6HTDiil ni.A MoxaqeM i nopa3KH YropmHHM Bi.A Type4'411HI1 lJexieiO onoJIO.AiJia ABcTpiiicbKa iMnepi.s~ . CnoqaTK}' 8 qexii naHyaaa <l>ep.A11HaH,A I ra6c6ypr (1526-1564), noTiM- MaKCHMiJiiaH II (1564- 1576) i TiJibKH noTiM- Py.a.onbcp II (1564-1612), stKm1 6ya cyqacHHKOM faaHbiHi i naHyBaB }' 'laCH BH.D.aHHSI xpoHiKH.

KHHrA VII c.2 On11c MocKBH faaHhiHi aano3H'IHB 3 T8opy 6apoHa CHri3MyH.Aa cpoH fep6epwTaiiHa (1486-1566), noCJJa AacTpiiicbKOi iMnepil y MocK08Cl>Kii1 .n.ep)f(ani y 1517 i 1525 pp., aaTOpa «3anHCOK npo MocKOBChKi cnpa8H», BH,AaHMX ynepwe y Bi.AHi y 1549 p. (Fep6epw:meu:n C. 3anHCKH o MocKOBHH.- M., 1988.- C. 129-133). O.a.HaK aiH apo6HB .a.enKi yrotiHeHHH i cKopo'leHHH. 3oKpeMa, BiH ,AO,AaB, 1UO MoCKDa € 6iJibWI1M MicTOM, HbK Ilpara, 11\0 BOHa € CTOJIH~eiO He Pocii, a EiJJoi Pyci, nepeoo,AHTb MOCKOBCbKi aepcTH He a iTaniucbKi, .HK y fep6epw-raiiHa,

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909


KOM EHTAPI c.7-8 Omt:C CinepcbKOi YKpaiHif y rnaHbiHi € 3Ha1.JHO CK0p01.1CHOJO (ii HC ~)?I<C n~aJIO) poanoBiMJO fep6epwTaiiHa (Fep6epw:meU1t c. 3ani1CKI1 ... - c. 140-142). O~HaK rnaHbiHi 'ryT llJJfTa€ Honropo~~CinepcbKHii ai CTapo~y6oM, np11n11cye onoJio~iHHjl CinepiitHHOJO InaHy IV, xoqa Qe CTaJJOCji aa InaHa III Ta BacHJijl III. l..JacoM niH nocHJJJO€ noMHJJKH ancTpiiichKoro ~HnJJOMa~ Ta, 60 nHBO~HTb cinepCbKHX y~iJibHI1X KHjl3in ni~ «BCJII1KOfO KHjl3jl MOCKOBCbKOfO .lf.HM11Tpijl», Hacnpan~i IK rep6epwTaHH HC 1111WC, litO .li.HMHTpiJ/1, jli(OfO niH Ha311Ba€ TiJibKI1 nyTHnJJbCb~ KMM KHH3CM, MaB HKCCb Bi~HOWCHHH ~0 MOCKBH. 3ri~HO 3 ~}'MKOJO C}''iaCHMX pociHCbKI1X ~o­ CJii~HMKiB, IlfTHBJJb ~o 1500 p. nepe6ynan y CKJJMi BKJI, a J/loro HaMicHHKOM 6yn KHjl3b :Oor~aH D€JihCbKHI1. Y 1517- 1518 pp. IlyTMBJib y~~<e CTan neJIHKOKH.H3iucbKMM noJio~iHHHM (ryT i~CTbCH, 3BI1'iaMHO, npo nCJJiiKOro I<HH3SI MOCKOnCbKOrO). MOIKJIMDO, ~0 ni~ QMM .lf.I1M11Tpi€M rep6epuiTaMH MaB Ha ynaai I(Hjl3SJ IOpijl IlyniTW.Ja, o~py)I{CHOrO 3 pi~HOJO CCCTpOIO BacHJISI InaH08111.Ja lllCM.H'iH'ia, .HK1111 6ya KOpOTKI111 qac HaMiCHI'iKOM }' fl}'TI1nJJi, a npl-l3Ha1.JCHJU1 Ha QIO nOCM}' Bi)I.OMMM TnepcbKHM KHSI3CM llleMSIKOIO. O~HaK rnaHbiHi no~a€ ~CSIKi Op11riHaJJbHi ~eTani. BiH 3rMye, litO Cinep1It11Ha 6yJia 6arara 6o6paMI'i, ~o.l(ae .l(CSIKi no~po6HQi, j{Ki cTocyIOTbC.H icTopii CisepiitMHM qacin npanHTCJIH IloJibCbKO-JlMTOBCbKOi ~ep~KaBI-l BJia.l(MCJJasa (.HraiiJia) Ta 1.1acin InaHa IV (.l(MB. ~oKJJa..u.Hiwe: Muv,u'K /0. A. 3 ~)f(epeJI ~o icTopii CisepcbKoi YKpaiHM Ta 6iJiopyci XV-XVII CT. I I CisepHHCbKMH JiiTonl'ic.- 2001.- N13.- C. 53). Ypoanoni~i npo CMOJICHCbK rnaHhiHi TC)I{ 811KOp11CTOB}'nan TBip fep6epulTaHHa, O~HaK T)'T y)f(e supaaHirne muinJijlJOTbCjl op11riHaJJbHi ~ononHCHHjl. HacaMnepe~ niH nepeHic c10~11 i3 llOJibCbKOI Ta JII1TODCbKOI KH11f C80€I xpoHiKM 3fMJ<Y npo KHSJ3ji M11xaJ!lJia fJIMHCbKOfO (s611s~ CTBO fm1HCbKMM 3a6)1{C311HCbKOro, iioro npoui~Ha poJib n onaHynaHHi CMOJICHCbKOM), npo o6Jiory CMOJICHCbKa niiAcbKaMM Peqi Ilocno;n1Toi aa 1.1acin CMfTH ii cnaneHHSI MicTa no;mKaMM. 3sicTKa npo n3SITTSI CMoneHChKa CHri3M)'H.l(OM III 6yna ncTanJieHa B)f(e s ocTaHHiiA MOMCHT Ha 3JJOO}' .l(HSI, np111.10M)' QC n)f(C, O'iCBH~HO, po6oTa M. IlarnKOBCbKOfO (BH~e fnaHbiHi DKaaye, litO MOM}' Heni~OMO, j{KHM 6y~e pe3}'JlbTaT o6JIOf11).

c.S-9 Poanosi~i npo .lf.oporo6y)f(, BjlahM)', Mo)f(aHChK, ToponeQh, oco6n11no Einy, BonoK (Bo-

JlOUbK), BeJIMKi JlyK11 Ta P)f(eB aanoa111.1eHi fsaHbiHi 3 Tnopy fep6eprnTaHHa (Fep6ejJUl'meilu C. 3anMCKI1 ... - C. 142-14 7), O~llaK fnaHbii-Ii ~O~a€ ~aHi npo ni~CTaHi Mi)f( neplll11MI1 TpbOMa MiCTaMM Ta MocKnoJO TOIItO. BiH .l(ononHMB cni.U'iCHHjl npo BiTOBTa arMKOIO i npo Onbrep~a, .l(O.l(an KOMnJiiMeHTM Ha a..u.pecy u11x neJIHKMX KHH3is JII1ToncbKMX. l..UKaB&1M e noj{CHCHHSI Ha3BM Bon~ KOBCbKOrO Jiicy (}' fep6epwTai1Ha- BOJlKOHCbKOrO) Bit( MaCH DOBKin, litO TaM DO.l(I1Jli1CSI. Y nepe.l(aqj Ha3B11 Pa (Rha) rnaHbiHi 6yn HCTO'iHMH, TaK caMO jll( i y nepe.uaqi Ha3811 E.uenb. Hea'jiCOBaHMM € llOXO.lJ./KCHHSI 3DiCTKI1 npo np 11KOp~OHH}' p. fyraa. Qqemt~HO, T)'T 31l11'iaHHa nJI}'TaHMHa, MO)I{)JHBO, CJJi.U MaTH Ha ynaai p. Bjl3bMa. Poanoni.l(b npo .D,uinpo fnaHbiHi .l(emo .uononHHB, ~o­ .l(anwM ara..u.KY npo nopon1, npo ronouHi MicTa, qepea .HKi npoTiKaE ,ll.Hinpo, TaKO)f( i cn01o noJieMiKY IUO.UO non'jlaynaHHSI Ha3BI1 piKI1 3 Eepe3MHOIO. 3ra.uKY npo ToponeuL rnaHb.iHi .uonosHIO€ Ha ni~cTani Di.UOMOCTCH noncpC.UHiX Kl-ll1f CBO€I xpoHiKii npo KOpOJISI 0JICKCaH.l(pa, a TaKO)f( aKT)'aJJbHMMMJJ.aHMMI-1 npo ycnix11 Kopon.n Ca1riaM}'H.l(a III y nit:mi npoTii MocKonii.

c.IO Poanoni;J.h npo TucpcbKC KIIH3inCTBO il Top)f<OK, a Tai<O)f( npo IlcKoBCbKC KH.H3incTBO HBJlH€ co6o10 ~}')f<e cKopo'iCimif TeKCT Tnopy fep6epll1Tai1Ha (Iep6epumzeim C. 3anMCKH ... C. 151 ). fBaHbif.Ji o6MC)f(MBCH T)'T OKpCMIIM11 aMnJi icpi KauiHMH, xo"4a y poanoni.ui npo DcKoo niH ;J.O~a€ cppaay npo TC, U\0 HC O,llHC Qe MiCTO € KaM'}ItH1M }' MOCKOBChKill .UCp/Kaui, a me il CMOJlCHCbK. 3niCTKf fep6epll1Tai1Ha npo 3a1.fiCI<I-i nCI<ODHT}IH fuaHI;iui TC)f( JlCIUO 31\liHHD. nop. y fep6cprnTa11Ha: «IlCKOBHTHHM 11 .uo Qboro ~H.H HOC.siTb aa'iiCKH He aa pyc~>KHM, a aa nOJibCbKl1M 3UWiaeM, Ha npo6op» (c. 151) Ta y fuaHb'iHi: <<)I{HTeni y MicTi pyc~>Koi nipH, <Uie u6upaIOTbC.H no-HiMCUbKI1, 6opo.l(l1 ue rOJI.HTb, BOJIOCC11 ue cTpH)f(}'Th».

910


KOMEHTAPI c.I0-11 Po3nOBi.lJ.b ruaHbiHi npo Houropo)l 1'p)'1·1TyETbC.H Ha TOM}' )I( Tnopi rep6epw-rc:li11Ha (FejJ6ejJ-

unneiiH

c. 3anHCKI1 ... - c. 67, 147- 150), 0/\HaK rnaHbiiii JJ.C~O il po3W11p11n. B OCHOBi U11X .n.onou-

HCHb JIC:>K11Tb MaTepiaJJ nepLUOI KHHf11 XpOHiKI1, HKHi-i, 0'1Cni1/\HO, fnaHhiHi B3.HU }' CTpHiiKOBCbKOfO. flo C)'Ti , 6a'-IIIMO T)'T CK0p0l.JCIB1i1 Ofii1C i.n.oJJa flepyml, .HKUW CTOHB }' 1<11€Bi; H/\C a63aU npo npnE.nHaHHH Honropo.JJ.a )lO JlHTOJ1 I<H.SI3CM BiTonTOM, npo nepe6ynau11H HonropoJta ni.n BJICl,UOIO Ka311M11pa, KOpOJJ SI noJlbllli H BCJlltKOI'O KHH3H Jli1TOOChi<Oro. ~arynaHIIH JaxonJJCHHSI InaHOM III Honropo.JJ.a 1678 p. y ruaHbiiii riOHCIIIOCTbCH 3BJ1l.JaHIIOIO li.PYI<apcbKOIO nOMHJIKOIO, 60 T)'T, .JICHa pi'-1, MaE CTOHTH 1478 p. 0)lHal< IlOl.JaTOK po3nOBiJ\i npo HouropO)l (nopinHHHHH l.lbOfO MiCTa 3 PHMOM , Ofii1C K)'OCL\bKHX CKJla}\iB, 3aMK}' ,l(Cl.JCII, TOOTO ,AHTI1HUH) ui)J.cyrHiW }' rep6epunai1Ha. HMouipHO, fnaHbi"l-ti ynin IJOro 3 imuoro )l>Kcpena, CTnopcHoro niCJJH 6epccTCHCbKOI }'Hii 1596 p. , OCKiJlbKH T)'T 3fCl,U}'€TbOI npo ciM uaCUJli.HHCbKHX Op.lJ.CHiU, HKi Hi611TO icHynan11 y Honropo.n.i. TaKa 3DicTKa He ni.n.noai.n.aE .n.HicuoCTi. Y po3noni.n.i npo Honropo.n. (3aBepmanhHa t.JaCTMHa, .n.e M.ACTbCSI npo MOCKOBCbKHX KHHJiD Ta npo norpa6ynaHH.st IaaBOM III Honropo.n.a) fnaHI>iHi ImKopnCTonynan TaKo:>K Tnop11 noJJhChKHX xpoHiCTis KpoMcpa, BanoncbKoro, M . D€JibCbKoro, nipori.n.Ho i1 CTp11i1KonCbKOro, Ta uiMeUbKoro xpoBicTa KpaHQi.H.

c.l2 ,l.(aHi npo Pycy E cKopot.teHHHM ai.n.noni.n.Hoi" JaicTKH fep6epmTai1Ha (c.

151), HCJHat.tHi

Di)J.MiHHOCTi MO:>KHa fiOHCHI1TJ1 HCTOt.tHOCTHMif nepeKJia,ny. 3ri.lJ.HO 3 fep6epwTaHHOM, COJIOH}' piK)' Mill{aHJ1 «)'Tp11M}'IOTb }' ill11pOKOM}' poai Ha KWTaJJT 03epa», HCMa 3fa)J.K11 npo Tpy611, a Ti.J:IbKJ1 npo KaHa.JJH, SIKJ1MJ1 ui 80.lJ.I1 Mill.{aHI1 BC.lJ.}'Tb }' KO:>KeH 6y.llHHOK. AHa.norit.JHO 3 fep6epuiTai1Ha (c. 151) 3ano311l.JCHO 3BicTKY npo IaaHropo.n.. fnaHbiHi TiJlbKM .lJ.O,AaB neBHi ,neTa.Jii, SIK-OT: npo TC, ll.{O KaMiHb, 3 .HKOfO 6yJIO 36}'.AOBaHO MicTO, 6yB «Kna.n.paTHMM»; npo Te, ll.{O Hapsa € .n.epes'.HHMM MicTOM; npo ni.n.cTaHb .n.o lsaHropo,na Bi.ll Honropo.n.a Ta llcKosa. l(iHHMM E .n.onoBHCHHH npo Te, ll.{O B IaaBropoA '-ll1 Hapny (-ryr Ba)I{KO 3p03}'MiTM, RKC CaMe MiCTO CJii)J. MaTH Ha yaaai) HOBrOpO.D.Qi Ta fiCKOBMT.HHM np11B03HTb CUOI Tosap11, mo piKOIO Hapso10 auxo.n..s~Tb y Mope Kynui 3 MocKBH, oco6n11no 3 TicKoaa Ta BeJJHKoro Hosropo.n.a. 3 fep6ep111Tai1Ha 6yno Jano3Mt.teHo i JBicTK}' npo M. .HM, npMt.tOM}' 6y;m nepeHeceHi 11 noMHJIKOBi .n.aHi, npoKOMeHTOBaHi ynop.H.lJ.HMKaMu su.n.aHH.H (c. 331). O.n.HaK piKa, Ha .HKiii CTOITb BKa3aHe Micro, y fep6eplllTai1:Ha Ha3HBa€TbC.H llinocca, aiJJ.CTaHb B~ .HMa .n.o Konop'.s1 TaM He 4, a 14 MJ1Jih, a si.n. .HMa .n.o lloJIHOi (TionhHoi) He 25, a 12 MH.Jih (c. Hacnpan)J.i M. .HM CTOiTb He Ha nmocci, aHa p. Jiyr (Ko3A08a

152). r. r. Ko3Jlona BKa3a.Jla, mo

r. r. KoMMCHTap1111 ...- c. 163).

c.l2-13 3ra.n.Ku npo Bo.AChK}' KpaiHy Ta KapeJiiiO 6aayJOTbC.H Ha Tnopi fep6ep111TaiiHa (Tep6ep. w:meilu C. 3anMCKM ... - C. 151-152), o.n.HaK € i .n.e.s1Ki si~MiHHOCTi. Ue nKa3iBKa Ha oco6JIHBY Mony Micuesoi JIIO)J.HOCTi.

c.l3 Po3nosi~b npo «nponiHuilo ,ll,siHy•• Ta YcTIOr aano3Hl.leHa a Tnopy fep6epwTaiiHa

(Fep6ep-

utmei1u C. 3anMCKH .•• - C. 155-156). fBaHbiHi JIMllle )'TOt.tHJO€ ~e.HKi ,AeTa.IIi, 8Ka3)'€, 30KpeMa, Il\0 WK)'paMM 6im1x Oe)J.Me,nin MicQeni )f(11TCJJi CnJJa'I}'JOTb )J.aHHH}' DeJJHKOM}' KH.HJeBi MOCKOBCbKOM)'.

c.l4-15 P03DOBi)J.b npo BOJIOfO.lJ.CbKHH KpaH: 3an03Ml.JeHa fnaHblHi y CKOpot.JeHOM}' BMfJJ~i 3 TBOpy fep6epwTai:iHa (Fep6epwmeuu C. 3anwcKH ••• - C. 154-155). TiJJbKM B O.l(HOMY Micui € p036btmicTb: fBaHbiHi flMWe npo '10pH11X K}'HI1(\b Ta npo 6i.JIOK, a fep6epWTa.HH - npo JlHCMI..{b 'lopaoro Ta noneJI.HCToro KOJibopy. II.J;onpaa~a. y fsaHbiHi B:>KHBa€TbCSI TepMiH BiH nepeKJiaAa€TbCSI SIK «6LnKif».

911

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KOMEHTAPI Po3JJ;iJm «KH.n3incTno Einoo3epo», «JipocnatKbKe KH.st3incTno», «PocToDCbKe Ku.nain· CTUO~ E CKOpO'ICHHHM TCKCT}' TBopy fep6epwTai1J.ta

154). 0JJ;HaK fnaHbJHi

(Tep6epmmeu:n C. 3amtCKH •••- C. 60, 152-

BiJJ;XOJJ;HTb y KiJibKOX BHnaJJ;KaX DiJJ; C80€J nepWOOCHODH, O'ICBHJJ;HO,

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36 pi'loK, KOTpi nnaJJ;aiOTb y Eine oaepo, n TOM

1.1ac .RK y ancTpiiicbKoro MeMyapHCTa noJJ;aHo 360, JJ;OD>KHHY u wHpHHY o3epa niH DHMip10e n nOJibCbK11X MHJI.RX (30 X 30), a fep6epwTaliH- y HiMeUbKMX (12 X 12). 3 iHWOrO MiCU.R TBOpy ancTpiikbKoro MeMyapHCTa (c. 60) fnaHbiHi 3ano3H'IHB JJ;aHi npo npmumKaHH.R aap.Rria. lliJJ; «MonorJJ;OIO» CJiiJJ; poayMiTH He BonorJJ;y, a Monory - MiCTO Ha 6epe3i OJJ;HOi:tMeHHoi piKH. YpoanoniJJ;i npo PocTODCbKe KH.st3inC'rno fnaHbiHi JJ;OJJ;aB, 1.1(0 MicTo PocToB Mae ••JJ;epen'.stHHH 3aMOK». KOJII1 BiH B3.RB y fep6epwTaHHa JJ;aHi npo Te, 11.\0 TaM MaE CDOIO pe3HJJ;eHUiiO <<apxiEnliCKOfi», TO 'IOMYCb noM11JJKono JJ;OJJ;an ••a6o ixHii1 naTpiapx,, 6o Ha TOH qac y Moe· KOBCbKiH JJ;ep>KaBi He 6yno naTpiapxa, a TiJJbKH M11TponOJJHT. IJ,iKaDOIO € 3MiHa fBaHbiHi CIO>KeT}' npo niJJ;KopeHH.R PocTona MocKBOIO. JIKil.\O, aa fep6epwTai1HoM, ue 6yJio cnpano10 InaHa III, .RKHii «30BciM HeJJ;anHo nHrHan (noTOMKia pocToncbKHX yJJ;iJJhHI1X KH.Rain.- /0. M.) aniJJ;TH •.. ii noa6anneHi o6nacTi» (c. 154), TO fnaHhiHi niJJ;Hic UIO noJJ;iiO JJ;O 1565 p. i non'.Raan a penpeci.RMI1 InaHa IY. Y po3noniJJ;i npo XnoniropoJJ; fnaHbiHi JJ;oJJ;an eniTeT «CJianHe» ( «CJJanHe MicTO» ), a 8 iHUJOMf nOBTOpiO€ po3nOBiJJ;b aBCTpiiiCbKOrO MCMfap11CTa pa30M 3 i:foro fiOMI1JIKa· Ml1, HanpHKJJaJJ; l.l(OJJ;O MicueaHaxo.u>KeHH.R XnoniropoJI.a. HacnpanJJ;i >K Xononiii ropoJI. cro.Rn aa

80 KM niJJ; Yrn11'1a (H11Hi ue MicTo niJJ; nol-(aMH PH6HHCbKoro BOJJ;ocxonMil.\a). Tii.u Tiepe.RCJia· BOM, 3BJ1'1aHHO, CJJi)l MaTH Ha ynaai Tiepe.RCJJaB-3aJICCbK11H. Poa,ll.iJJH «Cy3JI.aJJbChKe KH.RJincTDO>> Ta «KpaiHa B.RTKa» TaKO)I( 6a3yiOThC.R Ha cni)l'ICHH.RX ancTpiiicbi<oro MeMfapHCTa (Tep6epmmeiiu C. 3ani1CKM ... - C. 161-162), xo'la faaHhiHi YABOX MiCLVIX )J.Cll.\0 niJJ;XOJJ;HTb ni.u lx TCKcry. BiH n11UJe, 11.\0 Cy3JJ;aJJb HaJJe>KI1Th PocTony Ta BonOJI.H· MHpy, OJJ;HaK fep6eplllTaHH MaD Ha ynaai JIHUJe TC, IUO UC MiCTO «p03TalliOBaHC Mi>K PocTOBOM Ta BonoJJ;HMMpoM». Y iHlliOMf Micui aiH 3Hony 3aMiHIO€ InaHa III Ha InaHa IV, .RKOro Haa11nae «nOMepJI11M Mf'IHTeneM>>, i non'.Raye caMe 3 HHM Bl1rHaHHH i3 Cya)J.an.R yAiJJbHI1X KH.R3in ocTaHHboro. Tip11 on11ci B.RTKM niH aaMiHIOE cJiono «6ini<aMH» Ha «piaHHMI1 XfTpaMH>>. BiJJ;aHalJ.HMO, 11.\0 p. Pe'IMQ.R- ue, oqeoHJJ;HO, p. l..Jenl{a, 11ina np11TOKa p. B.RTK11.

c.l5-16 Poa,ll.iJJ «TiepMCbKa I<paiHa>> € CK0p01.1CHOIO poanoni.a.zl10 ancTpiHCbKOrO MeMfapHCTa (Tept}efr

mmeiiu C. 3ani1CKH ... -

C.

162-163). T)'T )I.CillO 6iJihUJe JI.CTMew, KoTpHx HCMa n OCTaHHbOro. TaK,

fBaHbiHi mnne «6pHTaHChKi flCW> 3aMiCTb «KpynHi>>, BKaJ}'€ Ha TC, l.llO Jll1)1(i MicuenHX >KHTeJJiB 6yJJH ni)l611Ti 3aJiiJOM, l.llO MiCUCBi )I(J1TeJii «>KHBJI.RTbCH capHal\m Ta iHlliHM 3BipOM». JIKIUO fep6epUJTaHH nHUJe, mo JIH)I(HHK11 M'laTb .uy)l(e rnm1JJ;Ko, To fnaHbiHi }'TO'lHioe: «IUO lx HaoiTh Ha HaHUJDH)J.UJOMf KOHi HC HaJ/].O>KCHCUJ, 00 KOHIO, .RK11I16i)KI1Tb, 3aBruKaiOTb BCJIIIKi CHironi 3aMCTI1 Ta iHrni nepeUJKO)J.I1 Ha rnn.nxy''· TiiJI. MiCTOM Hap. Bimepi (Bimopi) cni.u p03fMiTI1 M. l..JepJJ;11Hb.

c.l6-17 PoaJJ;iJIM «TiponiBuisi C116ip,, Ta «Kpalua IOrpa» aan0311'4eHi 3 Tnopy fep6eprnTai1Ha

(Tep6epmmeiiu C. 3am1CKI1 ... - C. 163-164) . 0JI.HaK np11 omtci Cu6ipy fnaHbJHi 3aMiHMB «XY~ poM 6iJIOK» Ha <<XfTpOM ropHOCTaJB», IUO MOrJJO 3'.RI.311TI1C.R BHaCJii,li.OK pi3H060IO B nepeKJJa,ni 3 JJaTMHM. ,lJ.o TOrO )K fnaHbllii JJ;OJJ;aB ,UCSIKi ,UeTaJii (Micu.eoi )KJ1TCJii <<)KifBJI.RTl>CSI p116010 Ta ,li.HlJ.J1HOIO», «XyTpaMM ... CnJJa'l}'IOTb )J,aHHHY IJCJII1KOMY KHH310» ). WUCKOn Cmeifiau- CD. CTecpaH nepMCbKIIii (n.n. XIV CT.-

1396).

c.l7-20 PoaJI.iJIH <•KpaiHa De'4opa», <•KpaiHa 06JI.opiH>>, ,,npo i.uona 3onoTy Ea6p>, <•KpaiHa KoHJI.Opa», <<KpaiHallyi<oMop'e» 3MOHTOoaHi fnaHl>IHi a piaHI1X cpparMeuTin Tnopy fep6eprnTai1Ha (Tep6ejJmmeim C. 3anHCKI1 ... - C. 126, 156-1()4, 204). TiJJhKlf npu onuci KaM'mwro (3eMHoro) nos1cy (ninHi~IHoro Ypa11y) fnaHI>IHi noJI.an He:ma~u-te }'T0'4HCHHH u~OJI.O rip: <<KOTpi na-

912


KOMEHTAPI TI1HHI1KI1 3B}'Th .A.llhHaMII>>, p0311Ufp118 nepeJiiK nTaxin, UlO TaM BO)l,.SITbC.R ( «CHDH, opJ111>> ). Po3noni.uaJO'lfll npo 06.!\0piiO, rnaHbiHi .uo.uan p.H.UOK npo 6araTCTBO p11611 y TiinHi'lfHOMY Jlho,l{01311TOMY OKeaHi, KOTpa, 3a i1oro CJlOUaMH, <<rut< TpeTbC.R 06 MOpCbKi 'lf0BIII1». Y p03.UiJii npo 3oJIOT)' Ea6y fnaHhiHi .uo.uau 3 Heni,UOMHX .U>Kepen KiJibKa pn.u1<in npo >KepTnonpm-tomeHHH 1 L(bOM)' i,UOJI}' C060J1.SIM11, OJ1CH$IMH, KHIIIKii JIKHX 3 l)(<l€ CTapiUIIH )l<pCl.\b. Y p03,UiJii <<Kpai"na JlyKoMop'€» fnaHbiHi .uo.uan ncpeniK Tonapin, .HKi np11B03.HTb <<40pHi JIJO.l(H>>: «nepm1, KJICHHO.UM Ta .ll.Oporou,iHHC J<aMiiiHSI» . .lJ.elllO p03XO,l{.HTbCH llOfO ,UaHi 3 TIIMI1, 11(0 IX HaBOJ(I1Tb fep6epWTaHH npo Jll0)1.11HOnO,ll.i6H11X pu6: )' ancrpiiichKOfO MeMyap11CTa BOIIH 301lCiM He MaiOTb rOJIQC)', a 3ri.n.uo 3 fnaHhtHi BOHH «.ZJ.HBOBJ1)1<HO mm.(aTh>>. BapTo no~JCHHTI1 TaKO>K .ueHKi ri.npoHiMH: oepe3na- u.e To6oJ1, TaxMI1H- TarnMa (MO)f(JlllnO, il iHma p i Ka- Typa), KomMH- O'lfCB11.ll.HO, Kocbst, npHTOKa lc11, MO)f(JJHUO- p . Kac11M n 6acei"mi p. 06, KHTai1chKC 03epo- O'lfCBM.ll.HO, ApanbCbKe Mope. Hapo.n. «KaJiar.m»- uc, neuno, nncMeHa, J<OTpi n3SIJII1 cno10 HaJny ni.n. p. KanaMH y 6acei1Hi Tii.n.KaM, SlHOI T)'IH)'CKii. 3ri.n.Ho 3 noxo,nMTb ni.n p. KoH,lJ.I1- Jliuol npMTOKli lpTmua

r. r.

K03JIOUOIO , Haana o6nacTi Kon.n.opa

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Poa.uin npo Jlonni10 u.inKOM 6a3)'€TbC.R Ha Tnopi fep6epuiTai1Ha (Fep6epmmeiiH C. 3anMcC. 201- 204). BHH.SITOK CTaH01311Tb He3Ha'lfHI1H ¢parMeHT npo Mi¢i'lfHHX CaJlaMaH.Qp, HKHH

€ CKOpO'lleHH.SIM iH¢0pMaQii, KOTpa 6yJ1a paHilllC BMill{eHa fnaHbiHi )'VI KHI13i xpoHiKH, H BI1HBJl.R€ no.n.i6nicTb .n.o aBicTOK lline.n.cbKOro xpoHicTa Ona<Pa Marnyca. Tii.n. aHal.fHMM nnJIMBOM TBOpy fep6ep1llTai1na

(Fep6epmmeiiH C.

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c.22-23 ,lJ;aHi npo nol.faTKM xpMCTI1.HHCTBa Ha Pyci € KOMniJI.HU,i€10 3BiCTOK 3 TOfO )I( TBOp)' fep6eplliTaifHa (Fep6epmmeilH C. 3anHCKH ...- C. 88-92) Ta ,neSIKHX nOJibCbJ<HX xpoHiK (M. E€JlbCbKoro. BanOBCbKOro, ,l(.nyrowa, M€XOBCbKOrO, KpoMepa), BMKOpMcTaHMX rnaHbiHi y HanMCaHHi nepWMX TpbOX KHHr CBO€I npaQi. T)'T € TiJibKM He3HatiHC .QODOBHCHH.R, 3p06JieHe rnaHbiHi, Oti:eBM.l(HO, na ni.n.cTasi oco6HCTMX npa>KeHb ni.n. tiac TpMnanoro npo>KHBaHH.sr a EiJiopyci: ara.n.Ka npo TC, ll.\0 MMTpOnOJIHT Ta iHllli €nHCKOllM Pyci, «11{0 KOpSITbCJI flOJlbCbKOM)' KOpOJliO» (T06TO B YKpaiHi Ta oiJiiH Pyci), Ha Bi.l(MiHy Bi.l( MOCKOBHTCbKMX, BOJIO~iiOTb BJiaCHHMM CeJiaMH Ta MiC'raMM; npo Te, ll.(O B .l(M.RKOHM HC BMCD.Rti)'IOTbC.R rDaJ1TinHMKI1.

Bimoom ... CKAu'ICae f'JCb'KUX ~nuCKonie ma izy.Mtmie... o6pae MumponOJtuma- MaETbC.R na ysa3i o6paHH.R fp11ropin U:aM6JlaKa Ha Co6opi 1414 p. KHIBCbKHM MHTponoJIMTOM. 1(10 Ka<J>e.n.py BiH o6ii1MaB 3 1414 p . no 1420 p. BiTOnT- DCJIMKHM I<HH3b JIMTOBCbKIU:f )' 1386-1430 pp. Ja 'KfJjJOAA Aza- Ma€TbC.R Ha yaaJi Ar AHTMnaTp - npoKOHC)'JI n TiaTpaci Erei1.

c.24-25 B ocnosi uiei in<J>opMa~ii JJe)KaTb nepena)I{HO anicTKH a Tnopy fep6ep1llTai1Ha (Fep6epmmeiin c. 3anHCK11 •••- c. 91-93, 104-105). Bo,nHO'JaC € ~e.R:Ki .n.ani, .R:Ki He a6iraiOTbCSI3 rep6ep1llTaHHOM. faaHbiHi yTO'IHHD, ll.(O VII BceJieHCbKMH Co6op ai.n.6ysc.R aa noHnt:<j>iKary pHMCbKoro nan11 A.ApiaHa I (Hacnpan~i uei1 (HiKeHCbKMH) Co6op Mas Micue y 787 p . , a noHTMcpiKaT A.n.piana I np11na~ae na 772-795 pp.); O'ICBH~Ho, 3 oco6HCTMX apa)KCHb fBaHbiHi .l(O~aB ,ACJIKi .l(CTaJii: OnHC ~OBrOrO BOJIOCC.R npaBOCJiaBHOfO .l()'XOBCHCTBa, 3fa.l(Ka npo CKpHDJICHHH .l(Cp)l(aK nocoxa, JIKHH BMKOpMCTODYIOTb .U)'XODHi OC06H.

913


KOMEHTAPI IJ 8Ka3aHHX BHII.\e DOJibCbKHX xpoHiK fnaHbiHi

BHic CTHCJif 31"3.,AKf npo KHiBCbKOI"O MH·

TpononHTa lcH~opa, SIKHH npHHHSIB Ha <l>JiopeHTiiicbKOMY co6opi

1439 p. yHilo.

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fBaHbiHi nOMiiJISI€TbCSI, TBep~SiqJ.i, 1.1..(0 lc~op noMep y MOCKODCbKiH B'.H3HJ.1Qi. Hacnpau)li )K HOMf B~aJIOCSI BHJBOJIHTHCSI, i niH aaKiHqHs csiH )KHTT€DHH w;urx s ITanii. OnH<:}'IOqH niTyprilo, .HKf raaHhiHi Ha3HBa€ Ha KaTOJIHQbKHH Jla,zJ. MeCOJO, BiH DHKOpHCTaB TBip fep6epwTaHHa (FejJ6epw:meii:n C. 3anHCKH ...- C. 110). flpoTe 6fJIH ~O~aHi nenHi ~eTaJii: xpoHiCT nHWe, SIKOIO € MODa npaooCJiaBHOI"O 6oroCJiy)KiHHH B MOCKOBChKiH ~cp>KaBi, i CJIOBa «<Ha BJiaCHiii HapO~HiH MOBi» MiHH€ Ha TO"'Hiwe: «CJIOB' HHCbKOIO MOBOIO», a TaKO)K ~O)J.a€, 1.1..(0 CJI}')K6a Ha 1.\iH MOBi nepeMiwyeTbCSI «Ji cnisaMH no-rpeQbKH»; npH nepeniKf o6paais CBHTHX raaHbiHi JaMiCTb HeHCHOI"O BHpaay «< [ o6paa] apxaHreJia» no.n.ae TQqHiwe: «CB. MHxaiJia-apxaHreJia». Ma6}'Tb, i3 snacHoro .n.ocni.n.y rnaHbiHi ai.n.aHaqHa si.n.MiHHiCTb y cnoco6i xpecHoro auaMeHa y npanoCJianHHX ( cnpana HaJiino) i KaTOJIHKiB ( 3Jiisa Hanpano) i1 HenpHHJHe craBJieHHSI npaBOCJiaBHHX )1.0 KaTOJIHKiB HK )1.0 Bi)J.CTfnHHKiB. mo )K )1.0 poanoni.n.i npo TaiHCTna xpemeHHH H MHponoMaJaHHH, TO rsaHbiHi .llO)laB TiJibKH )J.Bi He3Hat.JHi ,neTaJii: )'TOqHHD, 1.1..(0 COJii Ta CJIHHH Ja pHMCbKHM 06pH.ZJ.OM npH xpell.(eHBi (npaBOCJianHi) He DHKOpHCTOB)'IOTb; HKI.l(O, Ja aBCTpiHCbKHM MeMfapHCTOM, OCBH1.1eHf 80)1.}' nicJIH xpell.(eHHH BHJIHBalOTb Ja )J.BCpHMa xpaMy, TO )' fBaHbiHi II BHJIHBaiOTb «)' )lJ6aH, npHI"OTODJieHHH.llJlH QbOI"O». CaMe Qi CJIOBa H 6ynH )J.O)J.aHi raaHbiHi.

c.26 Po3)J.iJI npo 1.1HCTHJIHI.l(e 6a3)'€TbCH Ha ai.nnoui)J.HOMf poJ.nini ( «lfHCTHJIHJ.l.{C») TBOpy rep6epwTai1Ha (Fep6epuuneuu C. 3anHCK11 .•. - C. 94, 103). fnaHbiHi )J.O.z:taB T}'T O.llHf He3Hat.JH)' .neTaJib (ara.n.Ka npo «€Jmcei1chKi nOJIH» ). )l,ani, oqenH)J.HO, 3 nnaCHHX spa>KeHh Ta Tnopy U:e3apSI oapOHiH, iTaJiiHCbKOI"O icTopHKa U:epKBH, niH )J.O)J.aB apryMeHTaQiiO npaBOCJiaBHHX 3 nOCHJiaHHHM Ha €saHrenie li.(O.llO MHTapcTB .nyw noMepnHx. Tii~ .ll.pyrHM HiKei1cbKHM Co6opoM Ma€TbCSI Ha ynaJi sHmeara.n.aHiiH VII BceneHChKHH Co6op 787 p. 3ra,nKa npo epecb MaKe,noHiH, KOHCTaHTMHononbCbKoro €llHCKOna )' 354-359 pp., 3I"i.zlHO 3 HKOIO CBHTHii )J.yx He BH3HaBaBCH inocTaCCIO focno,na, a TiJibKH CTBOpeHHM EoroM-0TQeM, € )' fep6epwTaHHa (c.

94), O)lHaK

fnaHbiHi .no.nas .nocHTb cnymHo 3ra.nKy npo iHwi no.ni6Hi epeci.

c.27 PoJ.LJ.iJJ «PycbKi nocTH» 6aayeTbCH Ha si.nnosi.LJ.HOMf po3.LJ.iJii ( «nicT») Tlmpy fep6epwTai1Ha (Fep6epw:meiiu C. 3anHCKH ... - C. 105). OKpiM HC3HaqHHX aMnnicpiKaQii1, fsaHhiHi fTO"'HIOE Haany TH)f(HSI nepe.D. BenHKHM nOCTOM, Ha3HBaiO"'H uei1 TH>K.D.CHh <<MacJinHHM». TyT )f(e aiH .li.O)J.ae uiKany no.npo6m..{IO npo i>Ky sipyiOt.JHX npasocJiaDHHX y nicT: HKI..UO n ancTpii1cbKoro MCMyapHCTa JHaXO./lHMO: « ... }'TpHMflOTbCH HaniTb Bi)J. pH6H», TO faaHbiHi .li,O.ll,an: «nepe6HnaJOqHCb pe)J.bKOIO Ta 60pJ..UHKOM iJ qaCHI1KOM», llJI}'TaiQqH T}'T 6inopycis "'M )'KpaiHQiB 3 MOCKQBHTaMH. 0t.JCBH)J.HO, 3 .SfKOI"OCb 6orOCJJ08CbKOrO 1.1H iCTOpHKO-peniriitHOI"O Tnopy fuaHbiHi .li,Q.ll,aB a63aQ npo Bi.li,MiHHiCTb )' llOI"JJH)J.aX npanOCJiaBHHX Ta KaTOJIHKiB Ha CllO)f(HBaHHH M'Rca B cy6oTf 3 nocHJJaHHRM Ha AnocTOJibCbKe npanHJJO.

c.27-28 Po3.LJ.iJl «Cnoci6 pycbKOI cnoni.LJ.i» 6a3yETbCH Ha ni.ll,noui.z:tHOMY po3.LJ.iJii ( «CnoBi.LJ.b») fcp6epwTai1Ha (Fep6epzumeim C. 3ani1CKI1 ...- C. 101-102). 0<-ICHI1.li,HO, 3aKiH"'CHH.sl QbOI"O p03.ll,iJl)' (npo pinenb uip11 y npocTOJIIO.LJ.Y B MocKonil) fnaHblJ.fi HanHcan, cm1pa10t.JI1Cb Ha BJlacHi apa>KCHHH a60 CBi.ll,"llCHHH 0'-ICDH)J.I..(iB.

c.28-29 P03.ll,iJJ npo npHt.JaCTR rpyHT}'€TbCSI Ha ui.n.noni.li,HOM)' po3.niJii ( «Oput.JaCTH>>) rep6epWTai1ua (Fep6epu.tmeiiu C. 3an11CKH ...- C. 102), a TaKO>K iHWOM)' <PparMCHTi TBOpy aBCTpiiiCb· KOI"O MCM)'ap11CTa (c. 93-94, 109). fnaHbiHi o6MC>KHBCR T}'T llCBliOIO aMI1Jliq>iKaU.i€10 ( <<pllMJI.SfH 3a

914


KOMEHTAPI Te, IUO BOHII B npllti<\CTi B>KHUaiOTb onpiCHOKH, JiaJOTb (npauOCJianHi) » ). HI1>K4e niH np1-mycKa€TbC.H nJI}'T<tiiHI·m, nepepa.xony10411 EpeTHKin: mnue npo IO;&iaHa AnoJIJIOHCbKOro 3 JlaoJJ.HKei, TOJJ.i .stK ~e JJ.Bi piJHi ocoou: BaneHT (not&. II cT.- 160) - EflmeTCbKHH ruocTHK, mo BtJJ.KHJJ.aB iJJ.eJO €JJ.HHOC)'IUHOI Tpiil~i. Ta AnoJIJiiHapiii MoJIOIJ.llll1H (IV CT.) - €mtcKon JlaoJJ.HKel u C11pil, 1IKHH 84118, IUO npupoJJ.a XpucTa ni611TO Tp11€.llHHa. n.nyra€ rnal!biHi TaKO)I( MaroMeTa (OCI-IOBOnoJIO>KHiiKa iCJmr.ty) 3 €peTHKOM V cT. MaHCHTOM, KOTpHH nucrynan npoTH CruJToi Tpi1'1~i. €peci Jra.D.aHHX y raaHoi'Hi oci6 6yJio 3acy1J.)I(CHO Ha Co6opa..x y 111-V cT. TaK, cpech ,ll.iacTepi11 (,ll.iocKopa), aJieKCaHJJ.pillChKOfO €1111CKOna y v CT., 6yno 3acy.n.>KeHO na rv BceJICHChKOMY Co6opi B XaJIKiJJ.OHi (451 ). fuaHbiHi llOBTOpiO€ 110MI1JIK}' fep6cpuJTalilla, fii11U}''-IIf npo npHCyTHiCTb 3fa,llaHHX EpeTHKiD Ha VI BceJicHCbKOMY Co6opi , .stKui-i ni/\Gync11 uaGaraTo ni3uime (680).

c. 29-30 PoJ.n.in npo uepKonHy JJ.COJTtmy fnaHbi'Hi 3ano3t1tmn nepcna.)I(HO 3 ni)J.nooiJJ.Horo po3.n.iny TBOp}' fep6epuna&1Ha («Opo ACCHTHHI1») (lfp6rjnll11ll'ii.H. C. 3aniiCKH ... - C. 108-110) H iHWHX (c. 90, 104-105). TyT 3JI.ii'lCHeHo Jiume He3Hat.mi all.tnJii<PiKauii , .stK-OT: .u.onom-Iemui cJiouaMI1 «EO)I(C 6opOHH» np1-1 3ra,zJ.~i npo MO)I(Jil1B}' llO)I(C)I(}', 3fa,D.Ka npo 3MiHH Hl13KH ~epKOBHI1X nocTaHOD Ja nepio.n. niCJIH KHH3H BoJIOJI.HMHpa CmJToro, oco6JIHDO o \.facH lnaHa

IV. IM'SI MHxafulo

KHJaJie~bKHI1 fnaHbi'Hi 3MiHI18 Ha MHKOJiaif KocTeJICL\bK11H, MO)I(JIHBO y Ja'H3KY 3 THM, mo oc-

Ta.HHil1 piJJ. 6yn .D.}')I(e Di.l{OMHi1 B YKpaiHi Ta Pet.~i nocnOJIHTiH. TaKO:iK 6yno .AOJJ.aHO, IUO ~e l1 aoiH nOW-laB 3a Op.AHHUCM «CaM}' llOfOHIO>>, 11{0 HaoepH}'TI1M }' npaooCJiao'H Op.llHHCUb )I(CpTB}'BaB ca. MHKOJiaJO-yroJJ.HHKY MHCKY Me.n.y «D CTiJibHHKax». HeT04HO nepe.Aa€ poanoni.nb npo JacyJI.>KeHHH .u.o nonirneHH.SI cnSimeHuKa. 3a fep6epwTai1HOM, cKapry ll.{O.llO ~boro BHic lsauy III MHTponoJIHT. Y faaHbiHi )I( 3i CKaprOIO 3BCpTa€TbCH CaM 3aCyJI.)I(CHI1H, npH40MY HeJiori4HHM CTa€ cpiHaJI UiEi icTopii, OCKiJibKl1 He MO)I(Ha llOBiCHT11 JJ.Bi4i O)J.H}' M Ty CaMY JIIOJI.HHy.

qacTMHa III c.31-35 0epWJ..U1 poJ~iJI Qi€i t~aCTI1HH rpyHTYETbCSI Ha TBOpi fep6epwTa11Ha (Fep6epw:nlRil'H C. 3anliCKH ... - C . 112-113, 117-122), npHt~OM}' nopiBHSIHO 6iJibllle , Hi)l( }' nonepe.AHiX \.faCTI-fH<L'X, aRTOpCbKHX aMnJiicpiKauiii fBaHbiHi. l...(e CTOcy€TbCH, HanpHKlla,D., MOfO HC3Ha 4HiiX JJ.OnOBHCHb ,ltO OnHC}' «KOJieCa <JlopryHH», T06TO fOH,D.aJIKH , ~11 KapyceJii; HaBe)J.CHHR nOJibCbKOfO npHCJiiB'.SI moJJ.o «KopHcTi» si.u6HTTH t~OJioniKaMH )l(iHoK. XpoHicT .no.uas TaKO)I( .uemo ia sJiaCHHx CnOCTepe)l(eHb, .HK-OT nenHi .llCTaJii B OllHCi OJJ.Hry MOCKOBI1TiB: DKa3iBKa Ha nOBCTHHi wanKH Ta KOJibOpH KallTaHiB, Ha Bl1COKi KOMipui COpOt~OK . .lJ.oCHTb p03JIOfl1M € OnHC HaTiJibHHX xpe-

CTHKiB. B onHci KYRalJHHX 6oin fnaHbiHi .AOJJ.aE, 11.{0 B3HMKY aoHH Bi.A6yaaJOTbC.H Ha aaMepa;mx 03epax, CTaBKax, piKax, 11.{0 ~eH 3BHtlaH npHJJ.yMaHO .l{JISI: ni,ArOTOBKH ~0 BiHCbKOBHX TpyJJ.iB.

I see )I( e y Taopi raaHbiHi niJJ.oMocTi , ni.AcyrHi a ancTpii1chKoro MeMyapHcTa, npHHaMMHi y )J.OCHTb poaropHY'fOM}' BHrRSI)J.i. Bipori,AHO, B IX OCHOBi JIC)KaTb OC06HCTi npru~<eHHSI fBaHbiHi a6o csi.ut~eHH.H oqeaH.uuia. Ue poanosi~b npo MOCKOBCbKHX 6op)I(HI1KiB, 'laCTHHa nonin.oMneHb npo peMiCHHKia, npo np11xi.n rocTel1 Ta o6MiH np11niTaHHSIMI1. Oco6JIMDO l.liHHOIO e poaropH}'Ta poanoBi.l{b npo IllaTH, SIKi BCJIHKH11 KHH3b MOCKORCbKHH DI1)J.aBaB <<HanpoKaT» CBOIM npHJJ.BOpHHM ni)J. 'laC npm10M}' )J.HDJIOMaTiB, TOU{O.

c.35-36 Po3)J.iJI ccllpo MOCKOBCbKi WJIJ06.H>• € CKopot~eHHSI:M Bi~noBi)J.HOI t~aCTHHH Tnopy fep6epWTaHHa ( ccCnoci6 yKJia)J.eHH.Sill1JII06y») (Fep6epmmeii'H 3anHCKH ...11 0-112). O.uHaK, 1..\H-

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KOMEHTAPI aBCTpiHCbKOrO MeMyapHCTa npo CBaTaHHH: y fep6epWTaHHa 'liTKO rosopHTbCH npo p0.11L Mait6yrHbOrO TeCTSI (6aTbKa HapeqeHoi), SIKMH CBaTa€TbCH ,llO )l(eJU~Xa, a y fsaHbiHi H,lleTbCJI npo «6aTbKa», i JIHWe 3 no,nanbworo BHKJiatlY eTa€ 3po3yMinHM, ~o H,lleTbCSI npo TeCTSI. Bi.l{ ce6e fsaHLiHi .not~.a€ nepeJiiK peqei:f, KOTpi t~.aiOTb aa HapetJeHoiO y nocar. 3Ha'IHHH Ta LtiKaBHH <f>parMeHT a onHCOM aiHtJaHHH y ~epKsi, a TaKO)I( ia onHCOM poaJiyqeHHH y npocTHX ceJIHH, Bi)l.cyTHiH B TBOpi fep6epwTaihta. Y nepWOM}' BMOa.ll.Kf XpOHicT, O"lleBH,l.I.HO, BHKOpHCTaB T}'T BJJaCHi Bpa)l(eHHSI, a y .D.pyroM}'. SIK BCTaHOBMJia r: Ko3JIOBa,- «not~.opo>K y MocKonilo y

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c.36-37 Po3,ZJ.iJI «npo BiMCbKOBi flOXO,ZJ.H» 3an03H1.1eHHH 3Ha1.1HOIO MipoiO 3 TOrO :>K p03,ZJ.iJiy TDOpy ascTpiHCbKOro MeMyapHCTa ( rep6epmmeuu C. 3anHCKH •.. 113-117). 0AHaK no'faTOK

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TJ-fTYJIY cJiosa <<KopoJih KaJaHChKHM, acTpaxaHCbKHii», TOMY mo nicJIH B3HTTH KaJaHi Ta AcTpaxaHi leaH IVysis HaJie:>KHi aMiHH ..u.o cnoro THT}'Jiy. ilpHKlla,ZJ. fep6epwTai1Ha 3 rypeubKHM cyJITaHOM, SIKHll, ClleKfJIIOIO"llH Ha TOHKOU(aX nepeKJiat~.y, nepeKJia,ZJ.a€ CJIOBO <<CYJITaH>> HK <<iMnepaTOp>>, fBaHbiHi 3aMiHHB Ha xapaKTepHilliHll, KOJIH TaKf )K cneKfliSIUiJO npOBO,lJ.HTb i op,lJ.IiHCbKi XaHH.

c.42 HepoK- Ma€TbCH Ha ysaai HepoH- .zr.anHbOpHMCbKHH iMnepaTop y 54-68 pp., :>KopcTOKHH nepeCJii.zr.yaaq xpHCTHHH. ,4ioKiciu- ,llioHicii::i MoROAW11H- THpaH M. CipaKyJH y 367-344 pp . ..u.o H. e. JJe-~&iu- )laBHbOpHMCbKHll iMnepaTOp y 249-251 pp. ni..u. qac MOfO naHyBaHHH Bi.AHOBHJIH· CH >KOpCTOKi nepecJli.l(yoaHHH xpHCTHSIH. IO.ttiau BiiJcmynKU'K- JlHB. KOMeHT. .u.o KH. I, c. XV.

c.43-72 3ri.llHO 3 KoMeHTapeM r. r. Ko3Jioaoi, B on~tcax ronoaHHX )l(epTB penpecii:f InaHa IV fnaHLiHi Jra,.uynaa ,llMHTpiH Onqmry, nJieMiHHHKa InaHa OntJHHH TeJleOHbOBa-06oneHcbKOro; CeMeHa BaCHJibOBH'fa Jlo6aHona-PocToncLKoro, HH)I(HhoropOACbKoro no€oo..u.y; InaHa ileTpOBM'fa <l>eAopona-'YeJIH.AHiHa; .lJ.HKa KocTHHTHHa CeMeHOBH'fa BHCJIOro (MHCO€.Aa); BacnJI.H npoHCbKOro; HOUropo..u.cbKOrO KfllUH <l>e..u.opa CHpKona; AcpanaciH BH3eMCbKoro; 6oHp&ma Mopo3ona; .AHKa InaHa MHxaHJIODH'fa lll.eJIKaJIOBa; ,ZJ.HKa fpHropiH lllanKiHa; BO€BO.A)' InaHa neTpOBH'la JlKOBJI€Ba Ta ,l(C.HKHX iHIIIHX. ,llOKJia.AHiwe npo ue .1:(118.: K031Wea r. KoMMeHTapHH...- c. 168-171. ni.D. Ma.mo-

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916


KOMEHTAPI uinx- fpHropiH CKypaTona-b€JlhCbKOrO «MaJIIOT)'». reaHh.iHi, jJE( i imni iH03eMHi cyt-~aCHI1K11 onp11ttHI1Hii, no.n.a€ npan.n.unimv Kapnmy Jaru6eJii Qhoro KaTa, Hi)l( nponouyJOTh .n.ejiKi cyttacui MOCKOBCbKi ai3TOp11 (JaruueJio ni.n. CTiHat-m JiiBOHCbKOI cpopTeUi 0aH)la). Po3nOBi)J.b rsaHhlHi npo CTpary D 1570 p. lnaHa BHCKOBaToro Ta iHW11X oci6, Tpari"'H}' JI.OJIJO ciM'i KaHU.Jiepa QiJIKOM 3ano3HtteHa J pyKonuofOro noJibCoKOMOBHoro Tnopy KiHU51 XVI CT. ••Cnpaaa BeJIJ1KOfO KH513.H MOCKOBCbKOfO>>, KOTpHi-1 y CDOIO "'epry € poJrOpH}'TOlO pe)J.aKU.i€10 3BiCTOK OttCDH.l(U.H no,nii1 AJio6CpTa lilJiiXTiHra. l..J.e 6y110 DCTaiiODJICHO nOJil>CbKHM icTopnKOM €poHiMOM fpaJICIO (.n.nn .: rpaJ/JI, H. Hnau MHxaHJIOB BucKOBaTbiH.- M., 1994.c. 17, 41). 3811\.laHHO, rnaHbiHi CKopncTaDC$1 i 6eJnocepeJI.HbO TnopoM lllnixTiHra (l]JaJ/JI, I. BKaJ. Toip.- C. 363, 380). Jlmue OKpeMi cppa3n 6y1111 .noJI.aHi fom-tbiHi, JOI<peMa xapaKTepi1CTI1Ka Bl1CKonaToro, no.n.eKyJI.H niH nnyTancH y ncpeKaJi coi.n"'eHb cnoro roJIODHOro .n)l(epeJia (I'pa.AA I. BKaJ. Tnip.- C. 380- 381 ).

c. 72 Ka~tizy.;ty- KaJiiryna fai110Jiii1: U.eJap-.nanHbOp11MCbKl1H iMnepaTop, 11.(0 naH}'BaB y 37-41 pp. Yoii.iwoo .no icTopil 51K Kpnnan11i1 Ta Henepe.n6at.I)'DaHHH npanl1TCJih, Taro )I( nc11xi"'HO xnop11i1. Fe.aioza6Ma- feniora6an- JJ.aBHbOpHMChKHH iMnepaTop, 11{0 naHysaa y 218-222 pp., )l(peub .fi311"1CCbKOro 6ora COHU.fl EaaJia (BaaJia)' a6o reniora6aJia. l..J.eii iMnepaTop «}'CJiaBHBCH» CB0€10 )1(0pCTOKiCTIO Ta po3n}'CTOIO, a TaKO)I( Tl1M, ll(O nparHyB 3anpoBa.n11Tl1 B PHMi K}'JibT 6ora COHU.fl. MaKC'U.Ma cf>Mapu.~ota- <l>aJiap11c- THpaH M. AKparac y CHU.HJiii y 570-554 pp . .no H. e. BiJJ.oMHH csoEIO )I(OpCTOKicTIO, naJIHB lliOJI.CH scepeJI.HHi Ja6nToro 611Ka. E)•cipuiJa- Eycipic- Micpi"'HHii HHneTCbKHii uap, KOTpHii npHHOCHB 3eacy KpHsasi JIIO)J.ChKi )I(CpTBI1, )J.JIH "'OfO aa6HoaB KQ)I(HOfO iH03CMJ.VI, .fiKHM np11XOJI.MB .llO MOfO JI.Cp)l(aBH. Me:Jtm?&iR.- Ma€TbCH Ha ysaJi eTpycbKI1H u.ap MeaeHuiii, si.n.oMwii csoEIO )I(OpcToKicTIO. 1CHJl.rb EeA/bCb?CUU R'K oniKJ?i Iea?iOeux iJimeil..• Jail Me y MoCKei 3a.MO'K- ii,neTbCfl npo pereHTa, Eor.naHa oEJlbCbKoro, .fiKHH no cMepTi IsaHa IV cnpas.ni Jacis y KpeMJii i1 xoTis B"'HHHT11 nepesopoT Ta J6eperrw onpH"'HHHy. Ot~;HaK y MocKsi BH6yxHyno noscTaHHH, BHaCJii.noK .RKoro oEJibCbKoro 6yno JaCJiaHo. 31.05.1584 p. nit~;6ynac.fl KopoHa~in u.apfl <l>e.n.opa loaHHOBH"'a, np11 HKOM)' <t>aKTH"'HHM npanHTeJieM .n.ep)l(aBH CTaB Eop11C ro.n.yHOB. Eor.n.aH EEJibCbKHH3HOBY 3'HBl1BC.fl Ha nosepxHi noJiiTH"'HOfO )I(MTT.fl np11 Jl)l(e,AHMI1Tpii, aJie OCTaHHiHlllBH.AKO flOKJiaB Kpaii iioro npeTeHJiHM, nocJiaBll111 .n.pyr11M BO€BOAOIO y BenHKHH Hosropo.n..

c.73-74 C/>eoip 3Muw.ue J(UM.umpiw Yz.au?&li'Ke KHJl3iecmeo- Hacnpao.zr.i ue KHflJiBcTso 6y11o Janosi.n.aHO .l{HMHTpiiO ll{C iioro 6aTbKOM - IsaHOM na?-£i EcmepCb'Ka- TYT· O"'CBH,l(HO, .fiKCCb HenopoayMiHH.fl. ,l{HMHTpiii BHXosysanc.R cnoe10 pi.nHoiO MaTip'IO, MapiEJO Haro10. Horo ro.nysanbHHUeiO 6yna Ap11Ha TyqKosa. 3~'10TbC.fl cepe.n BHxosaTeJlbOK ~apesH"'a nocTeJibHMUH Mapin Kono6ona Ta «MaMKa», 6o.Rp11HSI Bonoxona. J(UMumpiu, enaew.u ?-£a ?-£i:HC ... caM ce6e 3a6ue- CMepTb ,l{wMI1Tpi.R CTaJiac.R 15 TpaBH.fl 1591 p. s YrllH'Ii. 3ri,D.HO a o<f>iuii1HOIO nepcie10, .RKa noxot~;HJia si.u. Bop11ca fo.n.yHosa, niH ni.n qac rp11 snas Ha Hi)K (,l{HMHTpiH: CTpa)I(,D.an Ha eninenciiO), mo i1 npH3Bello .no Tpariq~ Horo KiHJ.\.fl. Poanosi.Ah fsaHbiHi npo qy.n.ecHHH nop.RT}'HOK .fiKHMOCb swxosaTeJleM ,l{HM11Tpi.R e BHKJJa.AOM sepcii, .RK}' cTnopHa caM JI)I(CJI.I1M11Tpii1. U..s~ nepci.R 6y11a aanHcaHa y 1603 p. ni.u. Ha3BOIO «CnOBi,lJ.h» UOKpOBI1TCJleM JI)I(C,lJ.11M11Tpin KH113CM A)J.aMOM BHWHCBCUbKHM (,l{HB.: C'KpwuUU'K08 P.r. CaM03BaHUbl B PocCHH B Ha"'aJie XVII BeKa. fp11ropHi1: 0TpenbeB.- Hoso~ Cl1611pCK, 1987.- C. 35), 0\.ICBH,AHO, b IJ.bOfO aanHC}' KHH3.fl .A)J.aMa i B3.fl8 HaBe)J.CHi Bi,nOMOCTi fBaHbiHi. npuuw.oe•.• iJo•.• ToUCbKozo ... nomiM... iJo 5panma- llicnn nTe"'i a MocKosii JI)I(C.lJ.HMHTpiii 6ys cno"'aTK}' B KH€Bi. llicJut nepe6ysaHHH y KHeno-TieqepcbKii:i 11anpi y 1602 p. Ta OcTpoai BiH npHi:iwon .noM. foll{i, ll{O ni.n. OcTporoM. foll.(a 6yna snacHicTIO KH.fl3fl fanp11na foiichKOro (noMep y 1632 p.) ii ueHTpoM apiaHCbKoi ceKTH. lloTiM Jl)Ke.D.HMHTpiit no6ysaa Ha 6aaas·

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917


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c.82 3a UOZO {FoiJyHoeaj naHJ6a1-t'H.Jl.... 6yAU ZO.IlOO i MojJ- fsaHb.iHi TOt..tHO <f>iKCY€ CTpawHHH roJIO;::t, I..UO Tp11nas y 1601-1603 pp., ane He,nool..{iHIO€ iioro MacwTa6w. TiJibKH y MocKsi Ha Tpbox 6paTcbKHx Klla.D.OBHJ..Uax 6yno noxosaHo 120 THC. MepTnl-!x Tin ( CxpbmHuxoe P. r. Eop11c fo.rzyHOB.- C. 148). JleoHa X- Jles X- pHMCbKHii nana y 1513-1521 pp. rpuzopiR XIII- fpHropiii XIII- p11MCbK11H nana y 1572-1585 pp.

c.83 Pa¢atLa Jleu&uucoxozo- Pa<Pan JleJ..UHHCbKHii ( 1526-1592) - w&peMCbKHH KawTeJIHH, pa;::tJewoscbKHM cTapocTa.

c.85 cna.M'Hi llpuAyxu - ii,neTbCH npo M. TipHJIYKH, KOTpe 6yno si.n6y.nosaHe KHH3HMH BHmHeBCUbKHMM, ane y 1603 p . EopHc fo.ll.}'IIOB Joenis csoiM oii1cbKaM cnanHTH i1: TipHJIYKH pa30M i3 M. CHCTMHOM ni,n THM npHBO,l(OM, lltO BOHH CTOHJIH Hi6HTO Ha HOrO 3CMJJ.siX. eiuco'Ko, xompe ,l(UMumpiU Mae noCAamu npomu 1!pw.tco1CUX mamap- li>Ke,nHMI·iTpiii I, ro-ryIOt..tHCb ,AO BiHHH 3a .A.3oo, ITOCJiaB Ha niB.ll.CHHi KOp.ll.OHH MoCKOBCbKOi ,Aep)KaBH BO€BO.AY lllepeMeT€Ba 3 BiHCbKOM. 01J,HOttaCHO ~0 MoCKBI-! np116)'JIH 1-2 THC. HOBrOpO.ll.CbKHX ,1.\BOpHH, KQTpi CTaJIH aa MHJIIO ni.n MocKBOIO i B3HJIH yt..taCTb y noocTauui npoTH )l)Ke.ll.HMHTpiB y Tpasui

1606 p.

c.87 .liD'Kom'Ka maKruw.tupa- ii,neTbC.H npo noJibCbKHX Koponin Bna;::tHCJiasa I JloKOTKa TaKa3HMHpa III, ~o nauysaJIH siiJ,noBiiJ.HO y 1306-1333 Ta 1333-1370 pp. HanpHKiHI..{i KH. VII foaubiHi sMicTHB Kapry MocKOBCbKOi ,Aep>KaBH, aanoJHt..teHy a 6aaeJI&CbKoro (1556) BH,AaHHH TBOp)' C. fep6epwTaHHa. foaHbiHi 3aMiHHB JIHWC aarOJIOBOK BKa3aHOi KapTH, flOIJ,aBWM HOBHH riOJibCbKOIO MOBOIO: «Mana, a6o OflHC MOCKOBCbKOrO KHR3iBCTBa i ]\ep)l(aB, HKi JJ.O HbOfO HaJie)KaTb, 3 yciMa OKOJIHI..{JIMH». ,llHB.: Fep6epw.meiJ.H C. 3aJJHCKH ...-

C. 139.

919


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c.3 !v1auzi- MtlCTbC.H npo nenHKOro xana MouroJJbChi<OI iMuepii MyuKe-xaHa, mo nanynau y 1251- 1259 pp. .ll.o CKJJaJJ.)' iioro BOJIO,ll.iHb nxo,li.Jm i K11Tai1. flo cMepTi MyH~<e-xana, mo 6yn nnyKOM t111Hricxaua, MourOJJhCbi<a iMncpiH notiaJJa poJna,u.anrc.H. Onnc l'loro .ACpJKann, Hacar.mepc.u iioro CTOJ111I.{i, aa.nHmun rii1oM JJ.C Py6py1< y cnoEM)' onuci noJJ.opo)J(i no KapaKoppta. J/('cmojJirma.MU- HCCTOpiaH11- np11XI1JJblli1KI1 OJJ,IIi€'i 3 €peTI1'1HIIX TC4iH )' Xp11CTI1.HHCTBi, cnopiJJ.HCHo'i 3 apiancTnOM, ocJ<iJihl<l1 nom1 ni.AKJ1,llaJJit 6o)J(C<:TncHII)' cyT~> Icyca XpncTa. Ha-

920


KOMEHTAPI JUaHi TaK ni,n iMCHi KOHCTaHTHHOOOJlbCbKOrO €0HCKOna J-IecTopin, OfOJIOiliCHOrO €pCTJ1l<OM Ha E<PccbKOM)' cooopi 431 p. DicJJSI L\bOro HCCTopiaHa noKHH}'JJH BiJ<U-ITiJO i noceJJHJJ11CSI y Cepe.nuil'i AJii', lpaui , noTiM y I<uTai, cnpau.ni 6yJIIr u MoHrOJihChi<ii1 iMncpii. Ka.,t6a.ll)' - ii.neTbCSI npo Xm-ro<unm, T06To KapaKopyM. l!.wyc- T)'T i.neTbC.H npo YpanbCbKuii xpe6eT. Mm-tc Taopyc- .nocnis11o « ropa Tayp)'C••, T06To Tc6p113. Mona :>K i.ne npo r. ApapaT. Taopi3iyc- Te6pu3, MiCTO n IpaHi. nmOAC.ItteU- .lliiB. KOMCHT. .l\0 KH. I, c. III. Cmpa6oH.- .ZJ.I1B. KOMCHT• .no KH. I, c. VII. MoaoumRH.u- T)'T 3ra.nauo npo O/.l.lfH 3 6i6nilumx napo.n.in, KOTp11i-i HC Ma€ :>KO.ZJ.Horo Bi.l(HOllieHHH .ZJ.O TaTap a60 iHlUJ.iX TIOpKCbKifX HapOJJ.iB. Kannao01cii'- .nan. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. VIII. a..MaJOH.KU- iCTOpi.n npo al\1a30110K € O.llli11M 3 Haii}'JIIOOJJCIIiliii1X CIO)!(CTin ):\aBHbOrpeL\hKOI Mi<Ponoril. BiH ni.n611BCH cno~aTK)' n «lnia.u.i, foMepa, a noTiM 6yn Ja<Pii<conaHI1i1 B «ICTopil» fepO.ZJ.OTa. MO)f{JIUBO, OOUITOBXOM .ZJ.JIH L\i€I JICfeH,/.\111 OOCJI)')I(I/11111 nenHi pcaJiii 3 :>K11TTH KO~O­ BI1X nneMeH Cxi.ZJ.HOI €npom1, MMol Ta Cepe.ZJ.IIbOI A3ii, HacaMnepe.n capMaTin Ta MacareTiB, .l(C 6y1111 Cl111bHI1MI1 nepC)!(J.1TKI1 MaTpiapXaT)'.

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921


KOMEHTAPI &aiJuCJUJB- Ma€Tb0f Ha ysaai yropcbKHH nereH~apHHH repoii, nepeMO)I(Cilb EaTHSI Bna~HCJian (YnaCJio, BynaCJian). Hacnpan~i )I( ni)J. t.tac HawecTSI liaTHSJ B Yropm11ui He 6yno KopoJISI 3 Tai<HM iMCHCM. &aiJuc.n.aecuc-JlaCJio I CnRTHii-yropcbKHH Koponby 1077-1096 pp. A36eK- Ma€TbCH Ha ysaai Ya6eK (fiM:nc a~-JJ.HH MyxaMe)J. Oa6er)- xaH 3oJioToi Op.li.H y 1312-1341 pp. rnaHbiHi flOMI-IJJH€TbCH, KOJIH BDa)l(a€ HOrO CHHOM oaTHSl. 3aua6CK- Ma€TbCSI Ha ysaai ~>KaHi6eK (~>KaM6eK)- xaH 3oJioToi OpJJ.u y 1341-1357 pp. nepe~ HHM Ha npeCTOJii HC)J.OBro no6ya TeHi6eK (1341). EauiJe6eK- H.lJ.CTbCSI npo BepJJ.H6eKa, CHHa xaHa ~>KaHi6eKa- xaHa 3oJioToi OpJJ.u y 13571359 a6o 1361 pp. Byn aa6HTUH csoiM 6paTOM AnbKYJJbnOJo (KyJinmo). A.n.b1C)Ulbna- KyJina- xaH 3onoTol OpJJ.u HasecHi- noceHu 1359 p. Byn y6HTHH csoiM 6paTOM HaupyaoM, BHacJii,D.oK ~oro a Op.u.i BH6yxHyna Mi)f(yco6Ha 6opOTb6a: 3 1360 no 1380 pp. aa 30JIOTOOp~HHCbKOMY npeCTOJii 3MiHUJIOCSI 25 XaHiB. Hapyw- SIBHO ii~eTbCH npo Haspp6eKa MyxaMe)J.a - xaHa 3onoToi Op.u.u ( ociHb 1359 necHa 1360 pp.). Byn BH,D.aHiiH aaKOJIOTHHKaMH xaHy Xi.u.11p10, KoTpui1aa6HB floro, iioro .u.py>lomy i sipHHX HOM)' opJJ.HHCbKMX KH.Rain. XuiJip- ii.u.eTbC.R npo X11apa (XH.U.Hp, XH.ll.Hpaii) - xaHa 3oJioToi Op~11 (necHa 1360secHa 1361 pp.), c11Ha Cac11-oyKu, xaHaAK-Op.ll.11 (Binoi). Eyu y611TMH caoiM cTapumM CHHOM TuMipocoiO (THMyp-Xo,ll,)f(CIO). Teuep Xocxa- Ma€TbC.H Ha yaaai T11Mipoca (TuMYp-Xo,lJ.>Ka), KOTp11i1 6ys xaHoM 3onoTol Op.ll.H acboro 6 TH)f(Hin HanecHi 1361 p. BTiK aa Bonry Bi.ll. TCMHHKa MaMaH i 6ys aa611T11ii aa i1oro HaKaaoM. MQ.)tau Te.Mpyx- Ma€TbCSI Ha ysaai TeMHHK MaMaH, cpaKTI-I~Ho nepumi1 MiHicTp y 3oJIOTii1 Op.ll.i np~-~: xaHi Eep.ll.116eKy, CBOEMY TecTeai. TioscTan npoTH xaHa T11Mipoc11, ane, He 6yaw11 l.JHHrH3H,li.OM, ,ll,i.HB ni,ll, iMeHi Hai.Qa,ll.Ka Y36eK-xaHa- xaHa On.ll.yna (A6,ll,aJJJiaxa). TioKiH~HBllll1 3 THMipocoiO, po3no~as 6opOTb6y npont xaHa KiJJh.D.H6eKa, KOTporo 3ro.u.oM y6us AMypaT (M10p11.n), a noTiM 3 ocTaHHiM Ta MHp-Tiyna.D.OM, .HKHH TaKO)f( oroJIOCHB ce6e xaHOM i 3axoni1D Capaii-:OepKe. no CMepTi MHp-Tiyna,ll,a MaMaii DHCTYflHB npoTH A3113-XaHa, )J.)f(aHi6eKa II i TiyJia.D.-TeMHpa. Y 1380 p. 3a3Haa nopa3KI1 y KyJIHKOBChKii16HTBi i BTiK .u.o Kp11My, ,ll,O Kacpn, ,ll,e M: 6ya aa611T11ii 3 HaKa3y csoro cynepHHKa, xaHa ToxTaMHwa. ToxmaM,uw,- MaETbC.H Ha ysaai riii.Rc a,ll.-,ll,HH ToxTaMHlll - Hai.Qa,ll,OK xaHa .ll.JK}"'ii, xaH 3oJIOTOi Op.ll.H (1380-1395). TiicJIH n6HBCTBa MaMa.RJyMia THM~acoao o6'E,ll,HaTH3oJIOTY Op.D.y. Y 1382 p. cnan11s MocKsy. Bi)J.MODHBCH KOPHTHCH THMYPY i noqan 3 HI1M T.H)f(KY sii1Hy (1389), ane JaJHaB nopa3KH (1395). Y 1398 p. JaJHaB nopa3KI1 ni,ll, xaHa 3aBOJI3bKOi Op.ll.11 TeMHp-KyrJIYH i BTiK .ll.O Jl.MTBM, y 1399 p. pa3oM ia neJIHKHM KH.RJeM JIHTOBCbKI1M BiTOBTOM 6yn poa6HTHH xaHOM €,ll,Hre€M i TeM11p-KyTny€M Hap. BopcKJii. TioTiM nis 6opoTb6y npoTH €,ll,Mre.H am ,no CBO€I CMepTi y 1406 p. D TIOMCHi. Te.Mipaxcax- THMYP· )J.11n. KOMCHT. .D.O KH. I, c. 90. 3nicTKa npo qyJJ.o iKOHM BonOJJ,HMMpCbKoi Eoropo,ll,mJ.i BHKOpMCTouynaJiac.H n ny6niiJ.MCTif"llHMX Tuopax MocKOBChKOi .ll.Cp)f(aBH XVII cT., Hanp11KJ1a,n lrHaTi.R PHMCbKoro-KopcaKona.

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922


KOMEHTAPI c.8 OeiiJii'l- tum. KOMeuT. .uo KH . I, c. XV. c. 12 BaCUilolomwou'll-i'l.lleThCSI npo Banum III- ncJlHKoro Kllst3H MOCKoncbKoro n 1505-1533 pp., KOTpm1 nocwnm lHIJI&m MocKOBCL>I<OIJJ.Cp)f(aBH 11a Ka3aHCbKe xaHCTno, 30I<peMa, y 1532 p. noca,ll.&m Ha npccTOJii n Ka..mui cnoro cTauJ1Clll1Ka €HaJIC.H (.ll.)f{aH-Alli). 0JJ.HaK ni,ni<opeHHSl Ka3aHCbKOro xaHcTna cTa.nocH mKe Ja iioro oma Iuaua IV. 3anmonamr$1 Ka3aHi MaJIO Micu.e y 1552 p.

c.l3 Ta6pazai".Ac - MaETbCH na yna3i 16pariM- Ka3aHChi<Hit xaH y 1466-1478 pp. IAoxa.wa- H,D,CTbCH npo CTapworo OtHa x::u1a 16pariMa AJiexaMa (AJti-xaHa) - npanHTCJIH KaJaHCbKoro xaHcTna y 14 78-1487 pp. n pecTOJI oTpHMan, nepeMirwH cnoro Mono.uworo 6paTa MaxMeT-AMiHa. MaXMeiJiN- I1,neThC$1 npo MaxMeT-AMiua (MyxaMe,n-EMiHa) - xaHa Ka3aHCbKoro xaHcTna y 1487-1496 i 1502-1518 pp. A6iJe.JLMamuifja- Ma€TbC.SI Ha ynaJi A6,neJibaTr1<P (A6,nnn-JlcT11<P) - Ka3aHCbKHi1 xaH 3 1496 no 1502 pp. Weaiul- i1,z:r.eThCS1 npo lliax-AJii (llhuaJieii Il1s-trancS1ponl1'·1 )- Ka3aHcbKOro xaHa y 1518-

1521, 1546, 1550-1552 pp. Caifia-Tipe.R- ii,neThCH npo Cacpa-fipe$1 (Caln-fipeH) I - KaJaHCbKoro xaHa s 15211524 pp., KpHMCbKOfO XaHa y 1532- 1551 pp. MmMi-Fipe.R- Ma€ThCH Ha ysa3i MeHrJ1i-fipe:i1 I- KpHMCbKHM xaH y 1466-1474, 14751476, 1478-1514 pp.

c.l6 l.JuNzic- ii,z:r.eThCH npo 'Y:s-tHricxaHa (cnpaB)f(H€ iM'H TeMy•nm) (1155-1227)- DCJIHKOro xaHa MoHrOJJhCbKOI iMnepii Ta ii TsopQSI (1206-1227). O.MKcaNiJpa - MaEThCH Ha ysaJi OneKcaH.np - Koponh Tionh~i i neJIHKHH KHH3b JIHTOBCbKHH}' 1501-1505 pp.

c.l7 €zyxau- MaETbC.H Ha yaaai Yre.ueii, aeJIHKHH xaH MoHrOJihChKOi iMnepii y 1227-1246 pp. Eamu~- EaTHH 6ya npaBHTCJieM TiJihKM3oJioTol Op.n11 (1236-1255), T06To J111we Jaxi,z:r.HHX JeMeJib MoHrOJihChKOI iMnepii. llicJIH Yre,z:r.eH aeJIMKHM xaHoM 6yo fyJOK, ~o naH}'BaB y 1246-1248 pp. EaTHH 3aJIMwancH S13H'IHHKOM, He 6ynnm M)'CYJihMaHHHOM. 3raJJ.yBaHHH HH)l('IC TaMepJiaH He 6ys CMHOM EaTH.H, 6o )f(HB i naHysaa Ha6araTo niJHiwe. EaJl3ema- Ea.H3CT II- cynTaH OcMaHCbKOi iMnepii y 1481-1512 pp. MaXMem-Fipe.Jl,- :i1,z:r.eTbCH npo MyxaMe,z:r.-fipeSI I- KpHMCbKoro xaHa y 1515-1523 pp. O,z:r.HaK He aiH, a McHrJii-fipeii I CKMHyn y 1502 p. 3 npecTony IllaxMaTa i MypTa.zzy (1481-1502). lliCJIHJ..'(horo BeJIJ1Ka (3asoJI3bKa) Op.ua np11ni1HMJia cnoe icH}'BaHH.R. 1<:a.Jl.MU1t'b1CUX mamap - noMHJIKa. Ka.nMHKH He e TIOpKaMH i po~H'IaMH TaTap.

c.l8 myjJKo.Ma'liCO'KUX mamap- MaiOTbCH Ha yna3i T)'PKMeHI1. Cap.MaxaNiJiR.- CaMapKaH,n.

c.l9 1554 6yJUJ B3Rmo - Hacnpan,z:r.i AcTpaxaHCbKe xaHCTBO 6yJio aasof10eaHe MocKOBCbKOIO Aepit<aooiO y 1558 p. Ce.AiM- CeJJiM II- T}'PCQbKHH cyJITaH y 1566-1574 PP·

923


KOMEI-ITAPI c.20-24 Cepe6J»nweo- ~HB. KOMeHT. ~o KH. I, c. 126. 1amapC'b'KUU 31Ce yajJ- HJl.CTbCSI npo KpHMChKoro xaHa y 1551-1577 pp. ,l(enneT-fipesrl. Moro cTapwMM CMHOM 6yn MyxaMe.l(-fipeii II, .HKMH 6yn KpHMCbKMM xaHOM y 15771584pp.

c.25 iJo Ka¢u- MaeThC.H Ha ynaai MiCTO Ka<f>a y KpHMy, mmiwH.H <l>eo.l(ocisr. co. KupUM i Me!ftooiu- JJ.Hn. KoMeHT. JJ.o Kn. VI, c. 44.

c.26 mi.Ao co. K.Au.«enma- Ji.l(eTbC.H npo en. KJIHMeHTa- puMChKoro nany o 88-97 pp., sr1<ni1 6yo 3aCJiaHni1 pnMCbKHM iMnepaTopoM .l(O KpuMy. TyT niH HaoepTan .H3W·IHHKio .l(O xpucTHSIHCTsa i 6yo HHMH n6HTI·U1. l..JacTHHa iioro MO~e1'1 6yna nepene3eHa can. KupHJIOM i Me<Po~i€M .l(O PHMa, qacTHHa JaJIHWHJiacsr B KpHMY i noTiM 6yna nepeneJeHa KHSIJeM BoJIO.l(MMMpoM Cn.HTMM JJ.O KHena, J6epiraJiacb y ,lJ.ecsrTHHHii1 u.epKni i1 y .l(aJihHix neqepax KMeno-DeqepcbKOi nasp11. Bi.l(OMO, ~o ix 6yno nHKopHcTaHo np11 nHCBsrl.JeHHi KHiBCbKHM MHTponoJIHTOM KnHMeHTa CMOJISITHl.Ja y 1147 p. l..JacTHHa MO~eii ca. KJIMMeHTa y XVII CT. a6epiranacH n OneKcaHJJ.po-HeocbKiii naspi (Ma1eapuu (EyAza'Koe). 11cTopHsr PyccKoi1 UepKBH.- M., 1995.- T. 11.- C. 50-51 Ta iH.). c.27 Miano... Kpu.M-M.l(CTbCSI npo Micro CTapnii KpHM (EcKi KepMeH), srKe paHiure HaJHBaJiocsr ConxaT. KejJKe.tl/b, a6o 5i.rtzopoiJ,- T}'T roaHbiHi IlJI}'Ta€. MicTo-<t>opTeU.IO KipKeJib (KepKep) Ha)'KOBU.i

nos'sr3yJOTb 3 l..Jy<l>)'T-KaJie, mo Ja 7 KiJIOMeTpia oi.u. Eaxqncapa.sr. Einropo.u. (Einropo.l(-.l(HicTposcbKHH, MoHKacTpo, KOJIHUIHii1: AKKepMaH) 6ys po3TaWOBaHHi1 Ja MeJKaMH KpHMY s r11p.11i .l(HicTpa, i CaMe niH .l(aB Ha3B)' O)J.HiM 3 HOraHCbKHX op~. ,l(O.l(aMO, ~0 i B TOll l.JaC, i Hepi.l(KO i1 y Hawi .l(Hi HoraiichKi op.u.11 noMHJIKono Ha3HBaiOTb TaTapcbKHMH.

c.28 1476 pO'Ky... Maeo.M.em... oeoAoiJie- rypeU.bKHH cynTaH MexMe.A II <l>aTHX naHYnas y 1444, 1451-1481 pp. Di,n t.zac :Horo npasniHHSI 6yno B351TO KoHcTaHTHHOnoJib ( 1453) i Jasoi1osaHo KpHM (1475). Cme¢axy- i1JJ.eTbC51 npo CTe<t>aHa III BeJIHKoro - rocnoJJ.apR Mon.l(anii y 1457-1504 pp.

KHHrll IX-X c. 1 MaKeiJoxiR- icTOpHl.IHa o6nacTh Ha ninHot.zi EanKaHCbKOro ninocTpona. B aHTHl.JHi t.zacn MaKeJJ.OHiR 6yna po3TawonaHa Ha ninnot.zi ni)l. fpeu.il, MeJKynana Ha cxo)l.i i3 <l>paKi€10, Ha Jaxo.u.i- 3 .lJinipi€10, Ha niDHOt.zi- 3 neoHi€10. Di3uiwe CTaJia 3Ha"''HOIO .n.epJKaDOIO, 51Ka ni.a.KopnJia iHwi rpeU.bKi lJ.Cp)f{aBH (3a t.zacin u.apR <l>inina II), CTaJia u.eHTpOM cniTonoi iMnepii AJieKcaH.u.pa MaKe.ll.OHCbKOro. Y 168 p . .u.o H. e. 6yna JaxonJieHa P11MOM. ra.aayiJ£- MaJIOa3iHCbKa .u.ep)f{aBa aHTI1t.IHHX qacio. T}'T )f{C, 0'-ICBH)J.HO, MaJIOC51 Ha ysa3i M. fanau. Ha Tep11Topil cyqacHoi PyMyHil. l!Jecca.aiJ£- KpaiHa B CTapo)l.aDHii1 rpeQil, SIKa Me)f{ysana 3 MaKe,D.OHi€10, EnipoM, JloKpu)l.OIO i <l>oKH.AOIO. Y 344 p . ..a.o H. e. B351Ta <l>iJiinoM II, MaKe.l(OHCbKHM u.apeM; JHooy CTa.na HeJaJieJKHOIO JJ.Cp)f{aBOIO )' 344 p. ,ll.O H. e., 3aJIHlliHJiaC51 ni.n. pHMCbi<HM OnJ111UOM.

924


KOMEHTAPI Enip- icTopntma o6JiaCTb y ninui"'HO-aaxi,nHit't "'acTnHi fpcnii', JJC>KHTb na.n lmtii1cbK11M MopeM. Ty-r icHymUia n aHTtitmi '-aac11 OI<peMa .nepA<ana, m<a y 168 p . .l\O 11. e. 6yna 3auoiionana p11MJI.smaM11. AxauJl- B aHTntmi "'acu Axaii€10 uaat-tna.Jm a6o Kpaluy ua nin;uli OenonoHHccy ua.n 6eperoM KopsmcpCbKOI 3aTOKH, a6o lJaCTIIIl)' <l>ere<Uiii ( «Axaihl <I>TiOTCbKa» ). nicJJ.fl aanoiOnauH.fl puMJI.f!HaMM fpcui'i y 146 p . .no H. e. 111 6yJtO .nauo O(l>ir..di1uy ua3ny «nponiuuiH AxaHH». EmoAiR- n aliTJ1liHi tracn EToJiiEro na:mnaJiac.n icTopHtma o6;aacTb y cepc.nHiw fpeu.il, mo 6yna 3anoa1onaHa pHMJJ.f!HaMH y 146 p . .no 11. c. TaK Ha3Hna.noc.n Tai<OiK MiCT<>, HKC iCII)'IlaJJO i 13 niJHirni \.faCH. Heno.na.niK iCii)'fiaJIJt MiCTa JlOI<p11Jll1 (y fu;:uu;iui <<JIOKp11» ), <1>0K11Jla (y rnaHhiHi - «<l>OX») TOutO. Ammwca - ninocTpin, uai'icxi.nnima ttaCTIIHa MC.lTCpmwno'i ccpC/\III>Ol rpeuii. Bi.n BeoTii i1oro niMiJJ.SI€ ripcbKC nao10 napuac, na aaxo;d niH MC>KYE 3 Mcrap01o. Ha 1..~11x TepeHax ImHHKJJO MiCTO AcpiHH (ATCH it) , K<>TpC Hlllli E CTOJIIIIlCIO fpCitii. lle.AonoH.uec- niH.Ll.CHHa 4aCTI1Ha fpeuii', ripcbKHH ninocTpin. Tyr icuyna.JU1 n aHTH"'Hi t~acH Ta.Ki KpaiHH'-111 .nep)f(atm: ApKa.u.i.n, Elli.na, Aproni.na, Meceui.n, Axai1H, JlaKoBiH 3 roJionHHM MiCTOM CnapToro. Kopwuft- KopHHcp (KopnHT)- ,D,aBHhorpeLU.)Ke MiCTo ua nepcumi1K}' lcTM, .fiKe Ma.Tlo .D.Ba nopn-t: 3 60K}' KoplmcpcbKOi Ta CaponCbKOI JaTOK. B aHTH"'Hi 4ac11 6yno nOry:>KHMM MicTOM-.nep)f(aDOIO. Y 146 p . .no H. e. 6yJio n3HTC pHMJmHaMH, a ni3HiiUe CTano ~CHTpOM nponiH~ii Axaii.H. Ap~eaoi.R- icTop114Ha o6nacTb nenonoHHecy, ripcbKa, JiicHcTa i MaJJbOBH111.fa KpaiHa. MicTo-.nep)f(aBa ApKa,u.i.H 6yJia cot03HJ.1KOM CnapT11 . c. 2 (34)

Mypao- -rypeU:bKHH cynTaH Mypa.u. II, mo naHynan y 1421-1443, 1446- 1451

pp.

EeomiR- .D.HB. KOMCHT. .no KH. I, c. 224. Jlixype - JiereH,napH11H cnapTaHCbKHH ~ap (JX CT. .LJ.O H. e.), .HKMH B83)f(a€TbC.fl TBOp~eM cnapTaHCbKOrO JIN{)', B KOTpOM)', 30KpeMa, .D.Cp)f(aBOIO Kepyna.no .nna u:api, pa,ua CTapiHllii1Ii (repyci.s~), Hapo,uHi 36opH (aneJina).

c. 3 (35)

XipOH.- )' ,AaBHbOrpeU:hKiH Mi<t>onorii -

KCHTaBp, M)'Jlp11H i llill.f!XCTHHH, lliKap, Bl1XODaTCllb AxiJina, AcKJieni.H (ECK)'Jiana), .HcoHa, HecTopa Ta iH. repoin. O,uHaK AxiJIJJ 6yB CHHOM fiene.SI, a He XipoHa. AxiM.eca- AxillJI (Axillllec)- repoii ,D,aBHborpeU:bKOI Mi<t>onorii, CHH u:ap.SI nene.fl i HiMqm <l>eTJ.i.Ll.H. O,nHH 3 repoin noeMH foMepa «lllia,u.a» i TpoSIHCbKOi niiiHH. 3armryn ni.n criHaMH Tpoi. Koxanoocoxuii- JIH KoxaHOBCbKHH (1530-1584)- Hai1nH3Ha4HirnHi1 nOllhCbKHH noeT .no611 Bi){po.zvt<eHH.fl, anTop noeMM «Satyr>> ( 1564) Ta iH.

c. 4 (36) Ano.Jl.llOno.M- AnollllOH (<l>e6) - CMH 3enca i JleTo (JiaTOHM), 6paT ApTeMi){n (,ZI.iaHH). ,/(e.AbfPU- ,ll.ellb<l>H {cyt.I3CHC MicTC1.JKO KacTpi) y <l>OKH,D,i Ha CXHllax napHacy, JJ.e MiCTl1BC.H HaiiJHaMeHHTiWMH y ,ZI.anHiii fpeu:ii xpaM AnonnoHa. 3a nereii.Ll.OtO, AnoJIJIOH y611n 1)'T '-I)'.AoBMCbKO DiToHa, 3Bi.llKI1 ii.ne iHrna Ha3na ,ZI.enh~in- lliro. foJIOBHHM Micu:eM y xpaMi 6yna po3KO· llHHa )' CKelli, 3Bi,UK11 DI1XO,Ul1ll11 3anaMOpO'-I.lii1Bi DHnap11 i .Ll.C nepe6yna.na npODH,ll,HU:.SI- lli<f>i.SI. Moi1CeA- H.D.CTbC.fl npo 6i6JiiHHoro npopoKa Moiice.SI. <PJWjJ- ii.ACTbC.si npo JI~i.s~ EHe.si <l>Jiopa (<l>11opyca), AaBHbOpHMCbKOro icrop111<a II cr. H. e., uto on11cas cyqacHi MOM)' no.nii icTopii PMMy. Cmpa6oH.- .AHB. KOMCHT. ){O KH. I, c. VII. Btrnepu- fnaHhJHi nocTiHHo nnyTae iMeHa .SI3H1.feCbKMX 6o)f(eCTB y ,uaBHborpel.\bKiH Ta .Aa.BHbOpMMCbKiH Mi<t>onoril. Tyr i,ueTbC.si npo 6orMHIO KoxaHH.si ii Kpacn A<f>poAiT)', a6o >K BeHepy (y )ClBHiX pHMJUIH).

925


KOMEHTAPI C/JiBU- Qe MiCTO y ,llaBHili rpe~il 6yJio CTOJUII..\eJO EeoTii. y IV CT. 11.0 H. e. 6yJJo uaniTb HeJJ.ODri-IH 'laC rereMOHOM cepeJJ. iHWJ1X MicT fpeQii. lli.D. qac MaKe.QOHChKHX BiHH <l>iDH 6ym1 COJ03HHKaMM AcpiH. Y 336 p. AO H. e. AneKcaH.u.p MaKe.U.OHCbKH11 yJRB i MaihKe nosHiCTJO 3HMI.l.\MB <l>inu, a )KHTeJJiB y611s a6o npo.u.an y pa6cTno. Meeapu- Ma€TbCH Ha yaaJi Merapa, MicTo i KpaiHa, 1.1.\0 Jie)KaJJa Mi)f( KopHH¢cbKOIO Til CapoHCbKOJO aaToKaMH. Cno'-laTKY ni)J.nopn.u.KonynanacH KopHHcpy, noTiM cTaJia He3aJie)KHOIO. Ue MicTo y VII-VI CT. AO H. e. 3acHysaJIO HH3K}' KOJIOHii1, n T. 'i. Bi3aHTii1. llpoMer~U?u- repoii .u.anHborpeQbKOi MicpoJioril, CHH OAHoro 3 THTaHin, 6paT ATJJaca i Eni-renca, 6Jiaro.u.ii1HHK JJIOAeii, AJJR flKI1X nKpan noroHb y 3enca 3 OJiiMny i HaB'-1118 HI1M KOpHCTYBaTHC}I. 3a 1..\C 6yB IlOKapaHI1M 3enCOM i np11KfTI1i1)J.O CKeJii Ha KaHKa3bKI1X ropax, )J,C opeJJ BI1KJJbO' nysao i1oMY ne'-liHey, SIKa 3Hony ni.u.pocTana. 3niJibHeHI1i1 niA MYK f epaKJJOM, HKHi1 y611o opJJa. llAiniii- .U.11D. KOMCHT• .u.o KH. I, c. VII. A17l./l,ac- repoii .u.anHborpeQbKOi MicpoJJorii, c11H OAHoro 3 T11TaHin, 6paT OpoMeTeH i EniTesca, Qap MaBp11TaHii. 3a TC, 1.1.\0 pa30M 3 iHWI1MI1 TI1TaHaMI1 IlOBCTaB npOTI1 3eoca, 6yn HI1M noKapaHJ1i1 i Mao .u.oni'-IHO ni.u.TpHMysaTI1 He6o. 3a iHIIIOIO nepci€JO ATJJac cKaM'HHin oi.u. BHrJIHAY ['QJJOBI1 Me.u.y3H roprOI·IH i CTaD BI1COKOJO ropOIO, SIKa ni,n.Tp11M)'BaJJa He6o; npH'-101\fY 3 Qi€10 ropo10 non'HaynanM ripcbKe nacMo ATJJac y ninHi'-IH0-3axi,n.Hii1 Acpp111..\i. lli3Hillle i1oro BBa)f(aJIH 3HaBQeM He6a i cniTy, TOMY 3i6paHHH reorpacpi'-IHHX KapT Ha3I1BaJIH aTJJacaMH. rsaHbiHi noM11JIKOBO noHCHJO€ npn'liHH)' Toro, 'iOMf ATJJaca 3BH'lfai1Ho 306pa.)f()'BaJJM a He6oM, HKe BiH ni.n.Tp11M)'BaD. A1<1neon- M.n.eTbCH npo si.n.oMoro nepcOHa)f(a .n.aoHborpeQbKOi Micponorii MHCJIHBQH AKTeOHa, BHXOBaHQH KeHTaopa XipoHa. 3a Te, ll{O BiH ni)l.I"JIH,ZJ.an 3a K)'IlaHHHM 6orHHi ApTeMi)l.H, 6ys nepeTBOpeHI1M HCIO Ha OJieHH, flKOI"O po3ipBaJJH MOfO )f( I1CI1. Acteon ego... - «.H- AKTeon. lli3Hai1:Te nallloro naHa». MeamiR- Ma€TbCSI na yua3i KpaiHa Ha lleJionoHHeci, mo Me)f(yaaJJa i3 CnapToJO. OcKiJibKH 6yJia 6araTwa Bi.ll. OCTaHHbOI, CTaJJa o6'€KTOM IlOCTiHHHX Hana)l.iB cnapTaHQiB i BpeliiTi 3asoi1osaHa HHMH y VII CT. .n.o H. e. nHacJii)l.OK T. 3D. MeceHCbKHX sii1H. Y 369 p . .n.o H. e. si,n.HoBHJia CBOJO He3aJie)f(HicTb, y 146 p . .n.o H. e. 6yJia 3anoi1:onaHa P&-1MOM. A1yxa.MeiJ- rypei~bKHM C)'JITan MexMe.n. II, npo HKoro ronopHJIOC.si BHme. AjJzifl - Ma€TbCSI Ha ynaJi .n.anHborpel..\bKe MicTo Aproc - CTOJIHQSI AproJii)l.H, ropHcToi I<paiHH y ninHi'-IHo-cxi.n.Hiii '-lacnuli OeJionoHuccy. Ty... Ja JiereH.n.aMH 6yn nana~ QapH AraMeMHoHa, O)J.noro 3 repoin TpoHHCbKOi nii1HI1. EniiJaep- Ma€TbCSI Ha yna3i MicTo Eni.n.anp (cy'-laCHHi-1: Eni.n.anpoc) Ha cxi,ll.HOMY y36epe)f()Ki AproJii.ll.H Ha 6cpe3i CapoHCbKOi 3aTOKI1, rononHe MicQe K)'JibT}' AcKJieni.s~ (EceyJiana), 6ora JiiKapcbKOi cnpan11 y .n.anHborpeUbKii-1: MicpoJiorii. C1canoejJ6eza- i1.n.eTbCH npo CKaH.n.ep6era (fcopri.s~ KacTpioTi) ( 1405-1468) - Hal.{iOHaJibuoro repOH AJtoaHii, KCpiDHHKa BI13BOJILIIOI60p0Th61i aJI6aHUiB npOTI1 T)'pCI..\hKOrO naHyBaHHH. Eyn npam1TeJieM Kpol (Kpyl). DicJISI nepeMorn )'I'OPI~iB Ha,u. rypKaMI1 ni.n.HnB aHTnrypel.{bKe noncTaHHH i nporoJIOCI1B ce6e npanHTCJieM I<IHI3incTna KacTpioTi, 24 poKH nin BH3BOJibHY 6opOTb6y, q>aKTH'-IHO .n.o6HBCH He3aJIC)f(HOCTi cuo€1 I<paiHI1 ni.n. OcMaHCbKOi iMnepil. Aazycm... K~~eonamjJow- Ma€ThCH ua ynaJi uacaMnepeJJ. nepw11i'1 iMnepaTop )laBlibOro P11M)' Am-yeT, HKI1i1 naHynan y 27 p . .D.O H. c.- 14 p. H. e. Di.n. qac 6opoTb6n Ja BJia.D.)' po36Hn o.n.Horo 3 '-IJieuin II TpiyMuipa·ry (JJ.o Hhoro BXO,l.I.Hn caM AnrycT, TaKO)K Jlcni.D. i MapK AHTOH iil) MapKa AHTOHiH. B11piwaJJbHOro yJJ.apy 6yJio 3an.n.auo y MOpcbKii'I 611Tni ni:J. AKL{i}'MOM (31 p . .n.o H. e.). MapK AHTOHii1 i iioro Jlp)')f(Hna, HimCTCbKa 1~ap11u.n 3 )l.ImacTil llToJicMelu, K.JieonaTpa (6830 pp. ,li.O H. e.) M)'CIIJII1 pwrynaTHC.Sl l3TC4CIO, a flOTiM 110KiH'-111JII1 )i\11TTH Cal\tOry6CTBOM. AnOJI.,WHiR- li.lJ.CThCH npo MiC1·o, niJJ.OMC mmi ni.n. uaJnOIO DoJIJiiua. Bono BHHIIKJIO nK KOJIOHiH Kopuuq>a Ta )f(lfTeJiio ocTpona Kopuupu y VI cT. .n.o 11. e. Ha niBJJ.Hi IJIJiipiL

c. 6 (38) DeAiou- M3€TbC.si Ha yna3i DeJiiOH (DeJiioc) - ripcLKC nacMo n <l>eccaJJii. 3a .n.anubO•·pel.{hKI1M I1 Mi<j>aMn, TI1T3HI1 (riraHTII) }' 6opOTI.6i npOTH 6orin XOTiJm CTBOPIITit ropy 3 ne-

926


KOMEHTAPI niouy, Occn i1 O.Tii!l.m\', u~o6 .n.icTanrc.n ne6a. Y Jn'SIJK)' 3 U11M 3p03)'Mi1111MH cTaiOTb cnoua fnaHbiHi npo 3 Ha>..i~KI1 KiCTOK, llO)l.iUIH·IX .D.O KiCTOK riraHTiB.

fliHoyt- npanuJibuime- OiH.n.oc -l'ipchKC nacMo y fpeuii, ~o ni.n.n.iJIH€ <I>eccaniro ni.n. Enipy. OJZum- ripcbKC nacMo n rpeuii Mi:>K <l>cccaniEso i MaKe.n.oHi€10; JJaiin1-111~a ropa y 1\bOM)' nacMi Mae TaKy :>K caMy Ha3ny. Boua CHrae na-tCOTU 2918 M. 3a nipynaHJUJMH )lam-1ix rpeKin , caMe T)'T :>KIIJIII 6orn. DpcuM- 0'-ICBH.ll.HO, MaEThCH Ha yna3i Occa {m,mi Kiccauoc),- ualmHII{Hi1 niK ripcbKOro nacMa (nicJIH neniony) n cxi.u.Hii1 <l>cccanii'. ,l[e81\MlO.,.W- ,lJ.eBKaJiiOH- nepcoua:>K )laBH hOrpCllbKOI Mi~)OJlOrii, CI1H IlpOMCTC.Sl, '-10JlOBiK Oippn, 6ys uapcM <l>cccaJJii. ,ll.cuKCVIioH i Oippa 6y1111 E.D.HH HMH JIIOJJ.bMH, KoTpHx 3enc spHrysan si.11. noTony. U ei1 Micp nil.l6amcH y nocTit~IHOM}' q~-tKJii OniJ.li.s! «MeTaMop<}l0311». Kuoc- MaETbC.s! Ha ynaJi Knocc- O.UHe 3 nai.f.u.anniumx MicT Ha o. KpHT, CTOJIHUH Mi<f>i'liHoro uapH MiHoca. MiHoc- Micpi'-1m1i1 uap Kp1-fTy, c11H 3enca i €npon11 . PyiHI1 naJiaLlio Ha KpHTi, si.u.KpHTi aHrllii1cbKI1M apxeonoroM EuaHcoM ~e y XIX cT., JacuitJ.YHJIH, ~o o Micpax i nereH.n.ax npo uap.R MiHoca e nesHe pauioHaJibHe 3cpHo. BKaJinKa fnam.; iHi Ha MicTo MiHoc e nOMHJIKOBOIO, OCKillbKII CTOJIHQCIO .n.ep:>Kaun uap.R MiHOCa 6yn KHOCC. zopa loa- l.u.a- ripcbKC nacMo Ha KpHTi, .n.e, Jri,uHo 3 .u.anHborpcubKHMH MicpaMH, Man )'KpHBaTHCH ai.u KpoHoca 3enc. n pHpOJJ.HO, ~0 ue Micu:e CTaJJO OtJ.HHM 3 U:CHTpin ruaHynaHH.s! 3enca. fsaHbiHi llli)'Ta€ UC naCMO 3 O.UHOHMCHHOIO rop010, ,ue, 3a iHlUHM Mi<f>OM, uapcBH'lJ ITapHC, CHH TPOHHCbKOro Qap.R OpiaMa, po3C)'.UHB cynepc'liK)' TpbOX 6orHHb: repH (IOHOHH), .upy:>KHHH 3enca, AcpiHH (Tianna.uH), .D.OHbKH3esca, 6orHHi My.n.pocTi, i'l Acppo.u.iTH (BeHep11). ,l!eiJM- nepcoHa:>K .n.anHborpeUbi<oi' Mi<f>onorii, apxiTeKTop, CK)'JibnTop, 3a JlereH.n.aMH, siH caM J6y.n.ysan Ha KpHTi y KHocci )lJI.H uap.R MiHoca Jla6ipHHT. Ee6o'Ka- Ma€TbC.R Ha ynaJi En6e.R, Hai16inbruHi1 ocTpin y Erd'rcbi<OM)' Mopi 6i11.R cxi,uHoro p6epe:>K:>K.R MaTepHKOnol fpeu:ii. Cnpas.ui, y .n.asHHHY Ha HbOM)' 6yno .una Hai1na:>KJJHBinmx MicTa: XanKic Ta EpeTpi.R, npo .RI<i Te:>K m1rue fnaHbiHi. ,ll.ani niH m.1me npo IV BceJieHCbi<HH uepi<OBHHH Co6op, .RI<HM oi.n.6ync.n y Xani<i.D.OHi y 451 p. H. e. <PpaKm- icTopHYHa o611aCTb y cxi.n.Hii1 YaCTHHi EanKaHCbi<oro nisocTpona Mi:>K HH:>KniM )J.yHa€M, Ereiicbi<HM, 'lJopHHM, MapMyponHM MOp.RMH Tap. CTpMMOH (cyqacHa CTpyMa). Y .uasHMH}' 6yna JaceJieHa nneMeHaMM <flpai<ii1uio. Y 342-341 pp . .u.o H. e. 4>pai<i.R 6y11a 3asoiionaHa MaKe.n.oHcbi<MM uapeM 4>iJiinoM II. Hail Tepa-tTopii icH)'BaJJH MicTa, npo .RI<i Jra.n.ye HI1:>Kqe fsaHbiHi , Hanpm<na.n.: AnoJIJIOHi.R (Ha cxo.ui 4>paKii; u:e MicTo fnanbiHi HaJHna€ Anolloc}>aHi€10), OepinT (TiepiHryM). Y 46 p. <l>paKiH 6y11a Janoi1onaHa p11Mll.RHaMn, y IV CT. na Hei 'tlaCTO Hana,ll.aJIH rOTH,)' V CT.- f)'HH, 3 V CT. BOHa yniHIDJla /1..0 CI<lla,ll.)' Bi3aHTiMCbKOI iMnepii. Y VII CT. CIO.ll.M nepecellMJIHCb cJios'.RHH. Y XIV-XV CT. 4>pai<iH 6yJia Jasoi1onaHa rypi<aMM. 3 Bi.UpOtJ.:>KCHH.RM HC3aJle:>KHOCTi OOJirapii )' 1878 p. OCHOBHa 'llaCTMHa <l>paKii )'BiHWJia .D.O CKJia11.)' Qiei .UCp)KanH. 4>pai<iHUi - JaraJJbHa Ha3na iH.D.0€BponeHCbKHX llJICMCH, 6JIH3bKMX MOBOIO H iJIJiipiHQHM. }:{0 QHX nJICMCH HaJIC:>KallH fCTH, 6eCCJ.1, O,UpHCH, ,UaKH, Tp116aJJH Ta iH. Ili.l{ qac BellHI<oro nepeceneHHH napoAiB cppaKii1Qi 3MiwanHCH 3 inmHMH nneMeHaMM i CTaJJR CI<l1MoBI1M eJieMeHTOM 6oJirap, PYMYH Ta in. cy'llaCHHX napo.uis. L(uKaiJu - npasl11lbHO QHI<JJa,n,H - apxinenar n Ereiicbi<OM}' Mopi, cepe,!:{ ocTposin HI<oro nansa)f(JmBiWMM 6yn o. ,.neJioc (iHma .n.aBH.fl naana- OpTHriH), QCHTP K}'JlbT)' AnoJIJIOHa. Y XVI CT. Qi ocTposH 6ynw o6'eKTOM 6opoTb6H Mi)l( Beneuiancbi<OIO pecny6niKOJO Ta OcMaHCbi<OJO iMnepi€10.

c. 8 [40] Ein.UM .MopeM.- TaK y XVI-XVII cT. €Bponel1ui qacTo naJI1BaJIJil,.nap.u.aHeJJJIH. 5oc¢op Ki.M.M.epiii.Cb'KUU - T)'T rnaHbiHi nJI)'Ta€ npOTOK)' Eoc<}>op i KepqeHCbK)' npOTOK)' (Eoc<Pop KiMMepiJ1CbKHH, HK

ri Ha311Ba.JI11 n aHTM'IHi 'JaCM).

927


KOMEHTAPI KcepKc- MUETbCJI Ha yoa3i KcepKc- nepcbKniiuap y 485-465 pp • .u.o H. e., SIKHH 36y.u.ynao i3 'IODHin MicT 1.1epe3 npOTOKf feJIJieCnOHT ( 480 p.IJ.O H. e.), ncrymm 3 BeJIWie3HHM BiHCbKOM Ha EaJIKaHH i B1.JI1HHB cnpooy 3anmonaTH fpeui10. JleaHiJp- MaETbCJI Ha yoa3i JleaH.Ap - JOHaK 3 A6i,Aoca n Tpo.H.u.i, KOTpHii, 3ri.U.HO 3 .u.asHbOrpeUbKHM Mi<PoM, 3aKoxanCSI y fepo, >KPHUIO 6ontHi A¢po.u.iTH n Cecroc (Ceroc) 6iJIJI XepcoHeca <l>paKiiicbKOro. lUoHo1.d niH nepenmman IJ.O Hei 1.1epe3 feJIJiecnoHT, opiEHTfiO'IHCb Ha cniTJio JlaMnH, ~o ii fepo BHCTaBJISIJia y niKHO BawTH. 01J.HOro pa3y ni.o. qac 6ypi USI JiaMna 3racJia, i JleaH.D.p 3arHHyo. Tio6a1.1a-mw11 iioro TiJio Ha 6epe3i 6iJISI CecToca, fepo noKiH'IJ1Jla >KHTTJI CaMory6cTBOM. CQ./ow¢pmciA- ,AaBHSI Ha3na o. CaMoc B Erei1cbKOMY Mopi, SIKHM e MCHw 3HaHHM niA OIJ.HOMMCHHOro, aJie 3Ha'IHO 6iJihworo ocTpona. CaMe Ha UbOMy, 6iJihWOMY CaMoci, Hapo.D.HDCSI BH,D.aTHiiM MaTeMaUfK Tii¢arop. fnaHbiHi >K nJifTa€ ui .D.Ba OCTpODI1. MmceiJoHi.R ... Huni 3oem'bCR. Aa6aMi.R- xolla ui ADi Kpaiam 3 1.1acio cepeAHbOBi'I1.JSI i1 Me>KyIOTb, O)J.HaK i.D.CHTH<PiKysaTH IX, SIK l.{e p06HTb fBaHbiHi, HCMa€ ni,ACTaB.

c. 9 /OcmuH - i1.o.eTbCSI npo .u.anHbOpHMCbKoro icTopHKa II- III CT. MapKa IOJiiaHa IOcTMHa ( <l>pOHTMHa), SII<MM onpauJOBaD CKOp01.1CHHSI HC36epe)f(CHOrO TBOpy «lcTOpi.H <l>iJiina» iHWOrO AaBHbOp11MCbKoro icTopHKa TioMne.H Tpora (I CT. H. e.), y KOTpoMy oco6;mna ynara npH.u.iJISIETbCH MaKe,AoHii Ta II uap.HM <l>iJiiny II i1 AJieKCaHAPY· flAJ•mapx- flnYTapx 3 XepoHei' (6JI. 50- 6JI. 120)- OCTaHHiii neJIHKHH nHCbMCHHMK Ta icTOpHK .lJ:aBHbOI fpeuil. CTnOpHB HaCaMnepe.D. «)£(11TT€n11CI1», B KOTpHX BMicTMB TaJ<O>K i 6iorpa¢ito AJieKcan.o.pa MaKellOHCbKoro. Kypv,iii- KsiHT Kypuii1 Py¢- .o.annbopHMCbKHi1 icTopHI< I CT. H. e., asTop icrop11'1Horo Tnopy n 10 KHHrax, npHCBJI"'eHoro MaKe.D.OHCbKI1M uapHM 9>iJ1iny II Ta AneKcaH.u.py MaKe.U.OHCbKOM)T. napHac- ripcbKe nacMo y cepe.u.Hii1 fpeuii . .UasHi rpeKH nna>KaJIH, I.UO ryT MCWKaJOTb 6or AnoJIJIOH i MY311, TOMY TiapHac cTaB Cl1MBOJIOM noe3il.

c.IO Epmuy- Ma€TbCSI Ha yna3i BpeHH (EpeH..yc)- BO)f(IJ.b KCJibTis, HKHH y 280 p. H. e. cnycToWHB MaKe/lOHiiO, BIJ.epcH IJ.O rpeuil, ane 6ys po3611TI1H no6JI113Y .ll:eJib<Pin. fsaHbiHi llOMHJlj}€TbCSI, I<OJIU Ha3Hnae EpeHHa nOJIKono.nueM nepcbKoro uap.H KcepKca. Ano.!UloHa noemu 'N.a.JUBa.Au no-pi3NoMy- TYT fnaHh.iHi Mae nenHy paui10, 6o ue 6o)f(eCTBO IJ.aBHbOrpCI.{bKOfO naHTCOHY Ha311BaJIOC.s:I i R IJ.aBHI1HY no-pi3HOMy, HanpHKJiaiJ., naCTfXI1 WaHyBaJII1 iloro HI< 6ora, mo oxopoHH€ OTapM ni.n. xnopo6 Ta nonKin, TOM)' Ha3Mnanu i1oro AnoJIJIOHOM JlHKOKTiOHOCOM (y fBaHhiHi - HCTO"'HO: JlaTOiiJ.CM). ,l(anc'N.e- npanMJII>Ho .ll:aq)Ha. MaeThcn Ha yna3i HiM<Pa, IJ.O"'I<a TieHe.H, 6ora ¢eccanii1CbKOi piKH, Ta fai'. TYT fnaHhiHi CTHCJIO nepenoni11.ae ni,n.oMHi1 Micp npo nepeTnopeHHSI HiM<fJii .lJ:aq)HH, I.UO TiKaJia Bill AllOJIJIOHa, Ha Bi4H03CJICHI1H JiaBp, BiiiOK HKOfO Bi,llTOAi CTaD aTpu6yTOM AnOJIJIOHa. l MijJU'K- npanHJibllO IJIJiipin. l-J.uu. KOMCHT. 11.0 KH. I, c. 2. ,l(a.A..M.av,iR.- KpaiHa, I.UO JIC)f(<UJa Mi)f( A.ApiaTn'IH I1M MopcM, p . Cana i Mai<e.uoHi€10. T YT npO)f(J1Ba.JIH n aHTH4Hi llaCH iJIJiipiilcbKi nJieMeHa JJ.aJIMaTUHI.{iB, Jii)'pHin Ta iH. Y 35-15 pp . .D.O H. e. 6yJia 3anoi1onaHa PHMOM i pa30M i3 naHHOHi€10 }'TI10pl1Jia nponiHI.{iiO IJIJiipHKyM. Y VI-VII CT. 6yJia 3aceJieHa cJion'm-ICbKHMI1 llJlCMCHaMH, n nepmy qepry- xopnaTaMn. H11Hi qacnma XopnaTii'. /Ocrnuui aua- 10CT11HiaH I - ni3aHTii1cbKHil iMnepaTop }' 527-565 pp.

c. 11 [43] Paz)'3a- cy4aCHJ1i1,lly6ponHHK y XopuaTii, Ha .Ua.JIMaTJJHCbt<OM)' pocpc)f(>Ki na.JIKaH. lliKOOjJa - cyllaCHC M. lllKO/~Cp B A.JJ6aHii.

928


KOMEHTAPI Kajmi.R- Ol.fCBI1.l\HO, cni.n. MaTJ1 Ha ynaJi Kap1111Ti10 (HJmi rrin.neuHo-cxi.uHa l.faCTI1Ha AucTpiY).

C(l.JuMtm-ti1pu- cpaHTaCTM"t.JHi ~w.ipKH, s.Ki aa cepc.zuu,oni"YHJ1MI1 ynnJieHHHMI1 )I{J1JII1 y norHi. npo HlfX .UOKJJa.D.Hiwe poanoni,Aa€TbCSJ y KH. VI. JboiJooiK- Jlai-iow I BeJIHKm1 - yropcbKHI1 KopOJib y 1342-1382 pp. Cme¢ana- Ma€ThCH Ha yna3i CTe<j>aH (CTcnaH) II KoTpoMaHHY Mono.urmu'1- npamneJih EocHii y 1322-1353 pp. fnaHbi'Hi T)'T nOMI1JIHETbCH, KOJIJ1 KJJaJJ.c no•raToK l<OpoJiiDChKOI .UHHacTii' s EocHii' y 1345 p. EocHiikbKi 6an11 (npanHTCJii) ui.uoMi me 3 XII CT. Bo.nHol.fac niH Mae paQiiO, KOJIH Tnep.U11Tb, w.o EocHiH 6yna y uacanbuii1 3aJJC)KJ·rocTi ni.u Yropll.(HHH; Qe cnpas.ni MaJIO MiCL~e 3 1180 p . .uo II noJJOBI1HU XV CT.

Cuzi3.Mynoa- .lli1B. KOMCHT. .no KH. I, c. 1. 5ocHiucb1WU K'H.R3b- fnaHbiHi, Ol.fe1311/I.HO, MaE t1a yna3i 6<ma CTecpaua (CTenaHa) OcTOIO

1398-1404, 1409-1418 pp. Mamiam- .UHD. KOMeHT. .uo Ktl. I , c. 110. !pJICuK- cep6cbKI1H npanMTeJib (.uecnoT) reoprii1 EpaHKOBI1l.f, w.o naHysas y 14271456 pp. (.uecnoTOM eTas y 1429 p.). J/03ap- Jla3ap EpaHKonw-I- npatmTCJib Cep6il y 1456-1459 pp. 3 1459 p. Cep6ijl 6yJJa

JJI.HHacTil KoTpoMaHHYin, UJ.O naHyaan y

JaBOMOBaHa T)'pKaMll. Cmerfiau- CTecpaH ToMawesu'll 3 .llMHacTi'i KoTpoMaHM'llin, w.o nauynaa y EocHii y

14611463 pp., 6ys nporonoweHHH KoponeM. O.uHaK y 1463 p. EocHi.H 6yJia 3arap6aHa rypKaMH. c. 12 (44] ,4aKi10- ,UaKiH- .UaDHbOp11MCbKa nponiHU.iH, HKa OXOnJIIOBa.Jia 6iJibW)' "t.JaCTI1H)' C)'"laCHOi

P}'M}'Hii', .D.icTa.na TaK)' Ha3B)' ni.u cppaKil1cbKOro nJieMeHi .uaKis. Eyna npue.uHaHa .uo P11MCbKO'i iMnepi'i aa iMnepaTopa TpMHa y

106 p. 3axi.D.HMH Kop.noH ,Ua.Kil npoxoJJ.MB no p. T11ca, cxi.D.HMH-

no p. OJIT)', nisHi'llHMM- KapnaTaMH, a nis.neHHI1H- no p . .l(}'Haii . .l(aKiSJ 6yna o6'EKTOM 6opoTb6M Mi)l( PMMCbKOIO iMnepi€10 Ta napsapCbKHMH 11JieMeHaMI1 ( capMaTin, roTin, reni.uin Ta Kapnis), i spernTi OCTaHHi B3SUII1 ropy. Y

271 p. iMnepaTop AnpeJiiaH BI1BOJJ,I1Tb p11MCbKi BiHCbKa Ha npanHH

6iK .ll)'HaiO, .ne 3 "t.JaCTMH Meaii H ,ll,ap.uaHi'i 6y;IO CTBopeHO .usi HOBi nposiHu.ii: npM6epe)I{Ha ,ll,aKis. Ta Cepe.uJeMHa ,llaKiSI. Ha Micu.e pHMJIHH np11Mll1.1IM ITJieMeHa roTis, Kapnis, reni.Aia i capMaTis.

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XV-XVI CT. ,l{;Iyroma, BanoBCbKoro, KpoMepa, MexoacbKoro, M. E€JlhCbKoro

Ta iH. BoHM.llOTPHM)'BaJIMC$1 Teopii noxo.u)l(eHHSI cJios'SIH si.A .HcpCTa, CHHa Hoesoro.

lOJLia'HOM- o'lleBH,AHO, H,ZJ,eTbC$1 npo IOJiiaHa Bi.ucrynHHKa. ,U11n. KOMeHT. ,ZJ,O KH. I, c. XIII.

Kupww.M ma Me¢ooiEM -ii.neTbC$1 npo cas. KHpHJia i Me<Po.uis., KOTpi cnpas.ni 6ynH CJIOB'flHaMH DO MaTepMHCbKiH JiiHii. fBaHbiHi t.JaCOM Ha3MBa€ CJIOB'SIH CJIOBaKaMH.

Fo1Wj1i.R, ma AjJ'KaiJi.R.- .D.I1B. KOMeHT. .li.O KH. I, c. XIV. EpiK- B(l)I(KO CKaJaTH, Koro caMe Mae Ha yaaai fnaHbiHi . PSI.D. KopoJiin- npasHTe.JiiB lliaeu.ii Bi.uKpHna€ EpiK, CHH E,lJ,MyH.D.a (naH)'BaB 6n. 900 p.), ai.uoMHM 6ya TaKO)I{ EpiK I (IX) CsSJTI1H, w.o mlHysas y 1150-1160 pp. Ane ix naH)'BaHHSJ np11na.uae Ha niauimy ,D.o6y. Hi)l{ i,D.eTbCSI y rsaHbiHi. c. 13 [45) 3emnta- Ma€TbCSI Ha ysaai niaaHTiHCbKMH iMnepaTop 3eHoH, w.o naHysao y 474-475, 476-491 pp. A uacmaciu - i.D.eTbCSJ npo si3aHTii1ChKoro iMnepaTopa AHacTaciSI I, w.o naHyaaa y 491-

518 pp. JleO'H.a Tpemwzo- Jlea III- siaaHTiHCbKHH iMnepaTop a IcaapiiichKOi ,ll.lmacTii, ~o naHysas y 716-741 pp. l..{eii iMnepaTop 6ys aKTHDHHM iKOHo6opl.\eM. Huxu¢opa- oiaaHTiHCbKI111 iMnepaTop HMK11<f>op I, w.o naHynan y 802-811 pp. nanuHuxOJUJJl,- HuKoJiaii I BeJIHKI1H- pnMChKHH nana y 858-867 pp.

929


KOMEHTAPI c. 14 [46] Typet&'b?COZOMop~t- faaubiHi Mae 1)'T ua yaaai l..Jopue Mope. 1l..lla1ti €pe~otii'- €peMi.R- 6i6Jiii1u11i1 npopoK. <<fiJiaq €peMii»- qacTMHa Ei6Jiii, y KOTpi.H onJiaK)'ETbCR apy.HuyaaHH.R €pycaJIMMa oani1JIOHRHaMI1, cTpam~aHHR eape.HcbKoro uapo~y; npopoK MOJIHTOBHO JaepTaETbCR ~o Eora 3 npoxaHHRM arJIRHfTHCR HM HemacTRMI1 eapeia. faaHbiHi, RKHH a6oJiinaa 3a ~oJieiO xp11cTMRH Ea.nKaHCbKOro niaocTpoaa ni~ ruiToM OcMaHCbKoi iMnepii, ~y>Ke TOlJHO 3DepHyB ynary Ha DO~i6HicTb IXHbOrO CTaHOBI1Il~a 3i CTaHOBH~eM eapeia y aaaMJIOHCbKOMY noJioHi. Y ~11Tooauiii HI1M noeJii ueai~oMoro anTopa Te* ai.nqyaaeTbCR omma Ha Hboro «fiJiaqy €peMii)). Tpane:JYHO- cyqacue M. Tpa63oH y TypeqtJuHi. TpaneayHJl. 6ya y cepe.n;Hboaiqqj BIDKJII1BI1M QeHTpOM Bi3aHTiHCbKOI iMnepii, DOTiM- CT011111..\CIO OKpcMOI rpel..\bKOI .nep>KaBii, 3arap6aHOI y XV CT. rypKaMu. Ea?Cmpm- Jl.HB. KOMeHT. ~o KH. I, c. 10. .l(o~aMo, ~o ni.n: n11~010 OcMaHCbKoi iMnepil QR 3eMJI.R He 6yJia (axo.n.1111a neou11i1 qac .no ipaHCbKoi .n.epmaau Cacaui.nia), TOMY a6oJiisauus faaubiHi Ja .n:oJieiO EaKTpii oamKo 3po3yMiTI1. Fa..aa?&- TYT· oqenH~Ho, c11i.n. po3yMiTH He MicTo a PyMyuii, a fa.nal..\iiO- ~ep*any a Ma11ii1 A3il Mi>K ct>p11rie10 i Kanna,uoKieiO. Boua 6y11a JacHonaua raJI11aM11 (raJiaTaM11) y III cT. JJ.O H. e.

flepraMCbKHH 1..\ap ATTaJI y 230 p. ~o H. e. aaao10aao faJial..\iiO. floTiM aoHa 6yJia ni~ a11a~o10 PHMCbKOi Ta Bi3aHTiHCbKOi iMnepi.H, apeuiTi 6y11a JaaoiionaHa rypKaMH. Micu- MaiOTbCSI Ha yaa3i m11Te11i K011HlliHbOi Mi3ii, npo KOTPY i1THMeTbCSI Humqe. Y QbOMY BHDMK)' TYT CJiiJJ. MaTH Ha yaa3i Ti11bKH c11oa'HHCbKe Hace11eHHR, uacaMnepe.n: 6o11rap.

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TYT foaHbiHi oe.n:e Mony npo )'KpaiHI..\iB - >KHTe11io CepeJJ.HbOi H~HinpHHIUHHH,

oco6JIHBO 't..JepKac, KOTpi 6y1111 nOry>J<HiiM QeH-rpoM. TYT, HK i a .n.esKHX iHlliHX BHn~KaX, f8aHbiHi c-raaaTb a OJl.HH pHJJ. oKpeMi Hapo.nH Ta >KHTe11in perioHi8. TaK, roaopHliii npo )'KpaiHQio (pycb), niH HenpaBHllbHO BBa>Ka€ OKpeMHMH Hapo~aMn qepKaCiB, B01111HQiB, D0~011SIH Ta cinepHH. p(JKCMa'HU-~118 . KOMeHT. Jl.O KH. Ill, C. 14. Plocuifj- Hocmp <l>Jiaaii1 . .l(Hn. KOMeHT. JJ.O KH. I, c. XI. oouH uapoiJ: BaHiJMu ii a.aauu- .a.us. KOMeHT. ~o KH. I , c. III, XII. ;:(iooofJ Cuyu.aiucoKuu- .a.1m. KOMeHT. .n.o KH. I, c. XII. fla¢.1wzo'Hii·- ){118. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. XII. Icmpo.M i,l£yua£M- fnaHhiHi .n:emo n11yraeTbCS1. B aHTiitJHi 1.1ac11 IcTpoM Ha3I18aJIH onacHe .l(yHaH, T0'4Hilllc iioro HH>KHIO llaCTHHy. ifopiJa'H- .n:uo. KOMeHT. ~o KH. I, c. XIV. ocmpozoma.MU- i:fJJ,CThCSI npo OCTI'OTin. zeniiJa.Mu- r eni/.\H- rpyna repMaHCbi<IIX n11CMeH, cnopi/.\HCHHX iJ roTar.m. PaaoM i3 roTaMI1 y II cT. nepccc1111JII1C.H 3i CKaH.ll.Imaoil na niBJlCHHO-cxi.a.He yJoepc>K>KSI EaJITii'icbKoro MOpH, DOTiM - Jl,O fliaHi'"IHOfO flpHliOpHOMOp'.H. flic11.H I)'HCbKOI'O HalliCCnl }'BiHilllll1 JJ.O D11eMiHHOfO co103y ryHHin (Kil-L IV CT.). Y II nonon11Hi VI CT. ni.n.Kopeui 11a11ro6ap~ar.m i:f anapar.m. BocTaHH€ ara.nyiOTbCH y IX cT. oi:Jizomu- i1,ll,eTbCSI npo necTroTi n. mUJizema.Mu- 1..\HX i THpaHriTio foam,! Hi po3r11H,Aae .HI< roTChKi n11eMcna, a11e npnnycKa€ThC.H DOMI111KI1. Hacnpan.ni Tl13ireTI1 (T11CareT11) € .npenHiM 011CMeneM, mo iioro 3fa,!l)'€ fcpo.noT. T11carcT11 >K111111 Ha cxiJl i ninHitJI-mii cxil( oi.n6)'.A1111io i canpoMaTin, T06To y 11icucTiii

930


KOMEHTAPI 30Hi 3anoJDKH Ta Jaxi.n.Hnx paiioHax Ypa.Jiy. lnKOJIH 3 H11MH nou'HJ}'IOTb Hociln aHaH'iHCbKOi K)'JJurypH, .n.exTo- nneMeua ropo.neQbKOi KyJiurypH. Bua)f(a€TbCH, u~o DOHH, ot.~eDH.l\HO, HaJIC)KaJJM.l\0 <Pino-yropcbKnx nJieMeH. Cmpa6ou- .nus. KOMeHT. .no KH. I, c. VII. flmOAe.Meit- .l\110. I<OMeHT. .AO KH. I, c. III.

c.l6 110XOOJlmb 3 8G'HOCMU1lll8- .A}'MKa [oaHbiHi npo flOXO,li,)KeHHJI p11JJ.Y IlOJlbChKMX '-111 yKpaiHChKl1X lllllHXeTChKHX pO.l(iD Ha Tii.n.rip'i (t.~aCnlHa faJII1'H1Hl1) ni,n rOTiB € flOMHJIKOBOIO. <Pitti.lltepo.Jtt- ¢iJJiMep- fOTChKHii KOp011b, Ja '-l acin HKOrO rOTH CTaJJH nepeceJIHTHCH 3 niBHO'Ii Ha nin,AeHb, y TiinHi'IHC TipMt.~OpHOMOp'H. npo HbOro, 30KpeMa, ara.uye HopJJ.aH.

c. 17 AfMa)•ca- ii.n.eTbC.R npo roTCbKoro xponicTa A6Jia6i.R, npauH HKoro .niiiUina .n.o HaUioro qacy JIHUie y nepeKaJax II Hop.n.aHOM. ,U1m.: Eyoauooa B. fl. foTui n ::moxy Bemt.Koro nepeceJieHHH Hapo.u.oo.- M., 1990.

Ba.aeHma... rpa'ljiau i C/JeoiJociii- iMnepaTOpH PHMCbKOI iMnepiY: BaJieHTHHiaH I , xno naH}'BaB y 364-375 pp. H. e., fpauiaH, xno na"Ynan y 367-383 pp., Ta <l>eo)J.ociii I BeJIHKHi1, mo na"Ysan y 379-395 pp. BaJieHTHHiaH I 6yn np11XMJibHMKOM apiaHcrna, JM}'CMB roTiB npHiiH.RTM apiaHCbK}' epech. OcTrOTH 6yn11 apiaHaMM .u.o 553 p., necTrOTM- JJ.O 589 p., naHJJ.MM- JJ.O 533 p. Teui- TeliH- OCTaHHiH npanMTeJib OcTrOTCbKOro KOponiscTna B lTaJiii, ~o naHynan y 552554 pp. Cnpan.n.i aaaHan nopaaKH BiJJ. siaaHTiiichKOro noJIKOBO.AUH H apaeca (Hapccra), i Ha no'I. 6D-x pp. VI cT. OcTroTCbKe KopoJiiscrso 6yJio ni.n.KopeHe nosHiCTIO BiJaHTiiicbKOIO iMnepiero. Pooepu?Ca- PoJJ.epix- ocTaHHiii KopOJib ,Aep)f(aBl1 secTroTiB y IcnaHii, mo naHysas y 710713pp.

zyHu, mamapCbKuii Hapoo- rsaHbiHi np1mycKa€TbCS1 nesHoro aHaxpoHiJM)'. Xoqa ryHH i1 6yJI11 T10pKOMOBHl1Mlf, BOHH CKJiaJIHCSI SIK Hapo,A }'II-IV CT. BHaClli,ll.OK 3MiUiaHHH TIOpKOMOBHl1X xyHHY Ta yropcbKHX nJieMeH Dp11ypaJIJI.R Ta DosOJl)f(SI. TaTapH )f( € Hapo.u.oM JHat.IHO n13HllllOrO flOXO,ll.)f(eHHH.

Aume;wpo.M- .AHTeHop- repou .u.asHborpeUbKOI Mi¢o11orii, TpoS~HeUh, npHXMllbHMK yroJJ.H 3 axeih~1IMH. Ilicn11 3HMmeHH1I Tpoi, Ja OAHMMH .u.aHMMH, Hi6HTO JacHysas M. KHpeHy B Jiisii, aa iHUIHMM- nepeceJIHBCSI .AO ITanil, )J.e JacHynan TiaTaniyM (Da.uyro). A()piaHa- ~piaH- iMnepaTop PHMCbKOi iMnepil, mo naHysan y 117-138 pp.

c. IS Jl3Uza..Mu- AMB. KOMeHT. .u.o KH. I, c. rv: CittMiu- EHeli Cillbsio DiKKOJIOMiHi, npo RKoro Mona iiwna BHtne. Cmeifja'HOBU'IJi- i1MonipHo, M.ACTbCSI npo I.UeneHHUi (lllllnHHUi) Ha EyKOBHHi. Ce.MU2opoiJCb?Coi· i L(e?CeJlibCb?Coi· 3e.MM.'b - T}'T Ma€TbC.R Ha ynaai TpaHciJihBaHiS~. «~eKeJibCbKa 3eMJI1I»- qacTHHa BKaJaHoro perioHy, Ha3na S~Koro noxo~MTb si.u. ceKeis, npo .HKRX i~eTbC.H Hl1)1{1..JC (KOMCHT lJ,O C. 37). Eacapa6a- Bacapa6 I - naJiaCbKMM rocno.nap, mo naHynas y 1330-1340 pp. fsaHbiHi JJ.emo nOMllll1I€TbC1I, ocKillbKH ,A)f(epena <f>iKcyroTh .AO Bacapa6a I me KiJihKOX npasHTenis Banaxii, not.IHHaiOt.IM Bi.A CeHeCJiasa (1241(?)- 1290 (?)). KapAa- .ARB. KOMeHT. JJ.O KH. I, c. 77. Cme~au- nepw11i1 MOJI,AancbKHH rocno.u.ap ni.u. UHM iMeHeM naH}'BaB y 1394-1399 pp.l..{11 XpOHOJIOrit.IHa HCTO'-IHiCTb ll01ICHIO€TbC1I THM, LUO i nOJibCbKi, i MOJI,ll.aBChKi JliTOflliCR lJ,OCRTb npu6nH3HO ,naryroTb poKH npan11iHH1I MOJI~anchKHX rocno~apis XIV CT. ,llHn.: CJias.smo-MoJJMBCKHe JieTonHCH XV-XVI oo.- M., 1976. Ilempa- nepwuif MOJJAaBCbKlf.H rocno,Aap Ha iM'.R IleTpo (TieTpo I MyUiaT) naHysaa yMoJJ~asiiy 1374-1379 pp.

931


KOMEHTAPI c.l9-20 Ka3U.Mupa- Ka3HM11p III- Koponb TioJibll(i y 1333-1370 pp. A.M)•pam- Mypa.u. I- T}'peQbKHH cyn-raH, 11(0 naHynan y 1359-1389 pp. OMKcaHop- OneKcaH,np I- Mon,naocbKiiH rocno.nap y 1400-1432 pp. IM10 i Cme[ftaHa- 1Juu1 - MOn,naocbKHH rocno.u.ap y 1432-1433 pp.; CTe<}>aH - MOJI,naBCLKHH rocno,nap y 1434-1447 pp. &aiJuCJtaB- T}'T ii.u.eTbCH npo Ynacno II (Bna,u.11CJiana), .HK11H naHyaan He B nonbtni, an Yropll(HHi y 1444-1457 pp. EiA?opoo iKi.Aiw- ii.u.eThCH npo Einropo.u.-)l.HicTposcbKHH (AKKepMaH) Ta Kini10, mo HHHi e y CKJia,D.i O.u.ecbKOi o6nacTi. Eyn11 3arap6aHi TYPKaMH y 1484 p. ,4pmcyAa- Bna.u.HCJiao II )l.paKYJia- rocno.u.ap Banaxii y 1435-1446, 1476-14 79 pp. BiooaBxopOJLw- ii,neTbCSI npo Ka311MHpa IV- noJibCbKoro KopoJIH y 1447-1492 pp. Po.Man- PoMaH II- Mon.u.anchKHH rocno.u.ap y 1447-1448 pp. flempo- neTpO - MOJI,naBCbKI1H rocno.u.ap )' 1448- 1449 pp . .HH.a KoHe~&noJL'bCbKOeo- RH KoHeunonbChKHii - nen11K11ii KaHLVIep KopoHHHii y 1433-1455 pp. EoeoaH- Eor.u.aH II - MOJI,D.ancbKHH rocno,LJ.ap y 1449-1451 pp. llempo- n eTpo AapoH- MOJI,LJ.aBCbKHii rocno.u.ap y 1451- 1457 pp. Cmetfian- CTe<f>aH III BeJIHKHii- rocno.u.ap Mon.u.aoil y 1457-1504 pp. 1598 pol&i- HBHa nOMliJIKa rsaHbiHi. Mae 6ynt 1498 P· EoziJan- Eor.u.aH III- Mon.u.anchKm1 rocno.u.ap y 1504-1517 pp. nicJIH Hboro naHYBaB rocno-nap CTe<f>aHiue (1517-1527). KopMo oaB BOAW- i1.u.eTbCH npo KoponH nonhmi CHri3M)'H.D.a I, mo naHynas y 15061548 pp. nan KaM '.n'He'l&'b'KUU- MMKOJiai1 KaM' .HHeUbKMH - reTbMaH neJIHKMM KOpOHHI1M y 15031515 pp., KpaKiBCbK11H BO€BO,D.a 3 1501 p., caH,LJ.OM11pCbKJ.1H Kall1TeJIHH 3 1507 p.

c.22 3 ToMU'l&'bKWit- MHKOJiai:i ToMHUbKliH rep6a «JlO.li.3.H», JieH"'11UbKMH sii1cbKOBni1, ni3Hime o6ii1MaB 811ll{i fl0Ca,D.11, B T. q, rH€3HeHCbKOrO KalliTCJIHHa ( 1517-1529). nepC?ConC'bKUU '7&ap- Ma€TbCH Ha yna3i KpHMChK11i1 xaH MeHrJii-fipei:i I, mo naHynas y 1466-1474, 1475-1476, 1478-1514 pp. Ce.AiM.- CeniM I -T}·peUbKHH cy;ITaH y 1512-1520 pp. llempww- Ma€TbCH Ha ysa3i neTpo IV Papem - MOJI,LJ.aBCbKHH rocno.u.ap y 1527-1538, 1541-1546 pp. .Rna, epagiaJ Tajmooa- JIH TapHOBChKHH- reTbMaH BCJI11K111'1 KOpOHIU1H }' 1527-1559 pp., KpaKiBCbKI1H KamTeJJHH )' 1536-1561 pp.

c. 23 MuKoAau Ce'H.R-BC'bKUft- KopoHimi1 cTpa)f(HJ1K y 1531-1539 pp., ni3Hime o6ii1Man BI1COKi noca,LJ.I1, HaCaMnepe,ll. reThMaHa nOJibChKOrO KOpOHHOI'O ( 1539-1563). I'CTbMaHa BCJIHKOI'O KOpOHHOrO ( 1563-1569).

c.24 yeopcoKUU KO/JOA'b .fluyut- JIHym I 3ano.nbHI- yropchKHii KopoJih (y cxi.u.Hiil YropmHHi) y 1526-1540 pp.; KHHJb TpaHciJibnat-lil (1538-1540). myjJe'l&o'Koeo coAmaHa- Cynei1MaH II KaHyHi - T}'PCUbK11H C)'JITaH y 1520-1566 pp. /ua.M-coAmau-lCJiaM-fipei1 I- Kp11MChKI1ii xaH y 1532 p.

c.25 AuiJ:JICt..il TeH1£UUCbKUU- A.H,D.)f(CH TeH"'I111CL>KH11 6yn Tepe6oneJibCbKI1M cTapocTOIO y 1530-

1536 pp., TaKO)f( KalliTCJISUIOM KpaKiBCbl(I1M (1533-1536).

932


KOMEHTAPI Cmeifjmw 0./U'Kcauopoeu,ta- CTccpan JlaKycTc - MOJI.llaBChKIIi1 rocno.nap y 1538- 1541 pp. I.IUIJl- Inm1 Papcm - MOJI,nauchKHW rocno.n.ap y 1546-1551 pp. Cme¢ana- CTecpaH VI- Mon.n.anchKHH rocnoJJ.ap y 1551-1552 pp. wucKon ,l{bepab- T06To €)Ki {.ll,b€pJlb, IOpilt) , MoHax. LJ.eil €nHcKon 6yu pereHTOM TpaHciJibnaHil npn Koponcni IJa6eJIJii y 1542-1552 pp.

c.26 OMKcauiJpa- OJJeKCaH.llp Jlcnynnuu 'Y- MOJI)l.aucL>KHi1 rocno,11ap y 1552-15GO, 1564-1568 pp. 5oziJaH- )l.liU. KOMCHT. )l.O KH. I, C. 180. Ce~ti~w- CeJiiM II- rypeU.hKiti1 cy;ITau y 1566- 1574 pp. Kpummo¢a 36opooCbKozo- KpHmToq> 36oponci>Km1 rep6a «Jicnt<eM6€Ub» 6yu KOpOHimM ni,nt:~aWHM }' 1574- 1576 pp. Jbta TapJLa- 51H Tapno rep6a «Tonop», 6yn t<palr411M KopoHHHM (1522-1546), noTiM'lalliHHKOM KOpOHHHM ( 1547-1549).

c.27 llempww- I1eTpo V Kp11n11i1 - MOJI}1.anci>KI1W rocno)l.ap y 1574-1577, 1578-1579, 15821591 pp.

lliOK.oeu- InaH Tii)l.Koua- UH}1.aTHI1M KepiuHUK Janopo3hKOro K03aU.Tna, 040JII1B noxiJl. K03aKis .no Mon)l.anil npoTM rypeLJ.bKOro CTanneHnKa I1eTpa V. 31 rpyJlH.Sl 1577 p. Janopo:>Ku.i osono.aimt JiccaMH i nporonootJIIi I1i.n.Kony rocnoJJ.apeM. Y 1578 p. ni.a THCKOM rypeuhKHX BiMCbK Ta BiHCbK f1eTpa V f1i)l.KOBa 6yn 3M)'II1CHI1H Bi.U,CT)'fli1TI1 Ha YKpaiHy, }1.C 3 HaKaJy KopoJIH CTeq>aHa EaTopiH niH 6ys cxonneHmi i cTpa'4eHHi1 (16.06.1578 p.). Jb~:K)'JL- .HHK}' Cacyn- MOJJ)l.ascbKHM rocno.nap y 1579- 1582 pp. c.28

nepeo nepexonCbK'U.M npaeume.MM -

Ma€TbCH Ha ysa3i Kp11MCbKHi1 xaH MyxaMe,n-fipew

II,

rno naH}'BaB y 1577-1584 pp. epe.MiR- €peMi.Sl MorHJia- rocno.o:ap MOJJ)l.aBii }' 1595- TpaaHi 1600 PP·, 1601 - qepsHi 1606 pp. CUM.eou- CHMCOH Mor11na- rocno)l.ap Ba.naxii y 1600-1602 pp., Mon.z:r,asii - y qepsHi 1606-2.10.1607 pp. BiH 6ys 6aTbKOM en. I1eTpa MorHJII1- KHiBCbKOro MI·1 Tponolii1Ta y 16331647 pp., 6paTOM €peMii MorHJIM. na'IWBi llomO'f&b'KOM)•- JlH f10TOLJ.bK11H, l.l.\0 6ys KaM'HHCU.bK11M CTapOCTOIO ( 1590-1611), nucapeM nOJibCbK11M KOpOHHI1M ( 1588-1611), aKT11BHI1M yqaCHI1KOM MOJI,llaBCbK11X OOXOAiB. 6i.A.R pi'Ku TeJLaxouy... MuxaR npu6ofrKao- M11xaM: I BuTeaJyll ( 1558-1601) - au,o:aTHMii Aep)1{3BHHM i noniTH'liHHH )l.iH'll npH.z:r,yHaiicbKI1X KHH3iDCTB, nOJIKOBo.z:r,e~b, rocno.z:r,ap Ba.naxii y 1600-1602 pp., rocno)l.ap Mon)l.aniiy 1593-1601 pp., KHH3b TpaHciJibnaHiiy 1599-1601 pp. 06'€JJ.HaB }' €)l.HH}' .z:r,ep>Kasy np11..Q}'H3MChKi KHH3iBCTBa, lUO BMKJIHKaJJO HCB)J.OBOJICHH.SI Pet:~i nocnonMToi, no311l.\ii .srKoi y 1.\bOM)' perioHi noCJJa6HJIHc.sr. 20 JI11CTona,JJ.a 1600 p. 20-TMCH"tiHe siikhKO Peqi ITocnoJIMTOi niA KoMaHJJ.ynaHH.RM .HHa 3aMOMCbKoro y 611Tni H~ p. Tene3eHOIO 3as,na11o nopa3KH apMii Muxa.sr I.

c. 31

O{J1t'KY oiooao 3a X'HJl3Jl, Muxaii.!l.a 3 BumHeoVJl.- i1Jl.eTbCH npo wJiro6 y 1603 p. AOHbKH €peMii Morunu PaiHH (IpHHH) MorMJIHHKH 3 KHH3CM MHxai1JIOM Kop116yroM BHwHenel\bKHM. B~ 1.\b<>ro WJiro6y HapoAHsc.sr.HpeMa Bl1liiHeaeQbKHM (noMep y 1651 p.)- C}'MH03BicHHH opraHiaa· Top KapanbHHX aKQiM: npoTu yKpaiHCbKMX noncTanQin y nepmi poKH Ha~ioHanbHO-BMJBOJib· Hoi sii1HH y~<paiHchKoro Hapo.z:r.y 1648-1658 pp. CUHi epeMii' KOCrTZJl,Umuui- KocT.RHTI1H MoruJia- rocnOAap MOJI)l.anii y qepnHi 1606ci"tiHi 1612 pp., Anmopi.l(HHi16paT ca. I1eTpa MorunM• .lJ:Hs.: )[(y'KOBC'bK.uuA. lleTpo MorK1Ia it fiHTaHH.SI EAHOCTi QepKOB.- K., 1997.- C. 37.

933


KOMEHTAPI c. 33 Tyr HaBO.QMTbCR nmOBMH ,ll.JIH ToroqacHoi esponeikLKoi icTopiorpa<Pii Mi$, ~eonori­ 'IHI1M 3aB,QaHHHM HKOrO 6yno BI1BeCTI1 KOHKpeTHiiH HapO.A 'lli .Q11HaCTiJO B~ 6i6ni~fHOf0 HoR. Y TOH >Ke qac BKa3iBKa Ha C~-tMa, a He Ha JI<PeTa, Mana ni.AKpeCJIHTI1 OKpeMiwHiCTb Ma.ARP Bi.ll OCHOBHOi MaCH €Bponeif~iB.

,aapiii, CU'H rwacna- Ma€TbCR Ha ysa3i ,QaDHbOnepcbKHH ~ap ,ll.apiH I, CliH ficTacna. naH)'BaB y 521-486 pp. .QO H. e. MezamU3a- H.AeTbCH npo Mera6a3a, nonKOBO.AUH ,l{apiR I. AMi'Hma- H.QeTbCR npo nepmoro MaKe.AOHCbKOro ~apH 3 .AHHacTii Aprea,Aio AMiH'I)' I, mo naHysas y 495- 6n. 440 pp . .AO H. e. flei>U'Ica- O'ieBJUHO, if,AeTbCH npo nep.A11KKY II, MaKe.QOHCbKOro uapR y 440-413 pp. .AO H. e. ,l!apm, cu'Ha ApcaMooozo- H.AeTbCH npo .QaBHbonepcbKoro uapH ,l{apiR III Ko.QoMaHa, ocTaHHboro QapH 3 .l{liHaCTii AxeMeHi.QiB, Il.{O llaH}'BaB y 336-330 pp.IJ.O H. e. CUil.lta- Cynna (JIIo~iif KopHeniif Cynna ~aCJIIiBHH), (138-78 pp. 11.0 H. e.), JJ.aBHbOp~-tMCbK11H IJ.HKTaTOp, IUO naHYDaB y 86-79 pp. /1.0 H. e. Aozycm OKmaoia'H- HJJ.eTbCH npo nepmoro p~-tMCbKoro iMnepaTopa AsrycTa, mo naH)'BaB y 27 p. 11.0 H. e. - 14 p. H. e. Koocma'Hmu'Ha Be.au'KOZO-JJ.HB. KOMeHT. 11.0 KH. I, c. IX. Aozycma- BaJKKO CKa3aTI1 , KOfO Ma€ Ha YBa3i xpoHicT, OCKiJibKii iM'H AorycT HK BJiaCHe HOC11JII1 TiJibKH nepnmif AsrycT (OKTasiaH) Ta ocTaHHiH (PoMyn AsrycTyn, HK11H naHynas

475-476 pp.) iMnepaTOpH ,l{aBHbOp11MCbKOI iMnepii. l/>eooocm- Ma€ThCH Ha ysaJi ca. <l>eo.Aociif I BeJII1K11H, iMnepaTop 3a.-xiJJ.Hoi' P11MCbKoi iMnepii y 3 79-395 pp. y

c.34 l!Jaouo.M i Camupo.M- He 3HaiOtiH IJ.OKJia/l.HO npo H311'lHH~bKHH naHTeOH IJ.aBHix yrpis, fsaHbiHi y>~<Hsae ni11.oMi HOMY iMeHa H3H'iH11UbKHX 6o)f(eCTD aHTW-IHHX fpeuii Ta P"MY· Ammi.tta - /1.118. KOMeHT. .z.o KH. I, c . XII. B yropcbKiH cepe/l.HbODi'iHiH icTopiorpa<flii 6yn nonyJIHpHHH Mi<l> npo ATTiny HK OIJ.HOfO 3 BO)I(,ll.iD yrop~iB.

c.35 Teooopu?Ca - Ma€TbCH BaB y 488-526 pp.

Ha ysaJi KopoJih OcTrOTChKOro KopoJiiscTna TeoJJ.Op11x, mo naHy-

c. 36

MyHOyc- H/l.eTbCH, O"'eBii.AHO, npo AManacyHry, KopoJIH OcTrOTChKOro KoponiBCTBa y 526-534 pp. nanaJleo- fnaHbiHi npHnycKa€TbCH nOMIVIKI1. lloHTH<!>iKaT nam1 Jlbsa I np&ma.l{a€ Ha 44Q461 pp., a Jlbna II - Ha 682- 683 pp., OT)f(e, BOHI1 HiHK He MorJII1 6YT" cyqacHHKaMH ATTiJIH. nany KupiaKa - PHMCbKoro Tiany ni11. TaK~-tM iMeHeM He Ha311Bai0Tb iHmi IJ.)I(epena, TaKe iM'H Bi.l{CyTH€ y CllHCKax naTHKaHCbKHX llOHTU<!>iKiB. HapJec - Hap3ec (Hapcec , HapceT) (6JI . 478-568)- niJaHTiHChKHH noJIKOBO.Ae~b. Kepynan si3aHTiHCbKHMI1 nii1cbKaMI1, HKi po3rpoMHJIH ocTroTin Ha p . CapHyc y 552 p. lliJHiwe (554) Bi.A6Hn Hana.AH <!>paHKin Ta aJieMaHin Ha haJiiJO. IlicnR Uboro Hap3ec 6ys nesHnH qac (555-567) npam1TeneM ITaJiii.

c . 37 6poUJu - nOJibCbKe CJIOBO «Spii:» OJHa"'a€ HacaMnepe.A 6poHJy. B iHWOM}' 3Ha"'eHHi noHO n epe1UJa,l{a€TbCH HK «Mi)].Hi rapMaTii». JIKII.{O TaK, TO fBaHbiHi npunycTJtnCH llOMiiJIKii, BBU)f(a10"111, mo rapMaT.H icHyua; m y enponeiiuin Ja,a.onro .AO XV CT.

934


KOMEHTAPI Maepmdii- ni3aHTii1cbKHH iMnepaTop y 582-602 pp. fnaHbi'Hi noMHMI€TbCH y xpoHonoril, KOJJI1 npo.n.os)f(yE 'Iac npanniHHH Manp111<i.n Ha .n.na po1<11. CBsmwr~.~~yK- ot.ten~t.n.uo, Moua i1.n.e npo npam·iTCJJH BenHKOMopanchKOI .n.ep)f(aBH Cn.s~To­ non Ka, mo nai-I)'Ban y 870 p. Koncmmmzu1ta V- H.li.CTbC.R npo ni3aHTiikbKOro iMnepaTopa KoncTaHTHHa V, ll.lO naHysas y 743-775 pp. CeK.AepiB- CCI<JlCpH - MaJOTbC.R Ha yoa3i WCKJiepH ( CCI<CI), yrpOMOBHHM HapO.ll.. Tioxo.lJ.)f(CHH.R i.thOfO Hapo,ny 3aJIHUia€TbCH HCBi.li.OMI1M. 3a O,D.Hi€10 3 nepciH, DOHH nOXO.l{HTb Di,D, TIOpi<OMOBHOrO flJICMCHi, 11.\0 np11€.lJ.IIaiiOC.SI .li.O Ma,A.Hp i 3MillJaJIOCH 3 HI1MI1 ni.n. t.taC lXHbOI MaH,npinKH ttepe3 TepJ.ITopiJO YKpaiHH, yniiimJio .n.o TiaHHOHil pa30M i3 Ma.AnpaMH. Cepe.nHbOBittHi yropCbKi ,D.>Kepena, 6a30BaHi Ha HapO,nHiM Tpa.li.11I.tii, TDCp,l{.HTb, UlO CCKCI >1<111111 8 Yropm11Hi paHirne ni.A Ma.ll.Rpin. CcKel )iU1Jll1 Ha TpaHciJibnaHChKHx KOp.AOHax YropcbKOro KoponincTna a6o yJ.D.OB>K Jaxi.n.Hux I<Op.n.oHin i3 AscTpieJO. CeJ<el i1 HHHi J6epiraiOTb .no nenHoi MipH cso10 i,n.eHTHttHiCTb n YropmHHi, np116JIHJHO I 0 % yropttin sna>KatOTb ce6e ceKe.RMM (Ea.Aa6ymeou'll T. A. ETHit.tHi npouecM y U.eHTpanbHo-Cxi,AHii1 €nponi X-XV CT. I I Ha~ioHaJJbH11i1 yHisepcHTCT «KHeno-MorHJJHHCbKa aKa,D,eMi.R».- K., 2001.- T. 19.- IcTOpHttHi Ha)'I<H.- C. 22). flini'Ha- TiiniH KopOTK11i1, 3aCHOBHI1K Jl.HHacTil Kapo11iHrin, npanHTCJJb <l>paHKCbKOi iMnepi'i, 11.\0 naHynan y 751-768 pp. T01Ccic- MaETbC.R Ha ynaJi TaKWOHb, npanHTCJib YropmHHH y 947-970 pp. CJiono ••szpadfa» nepei<Jl~aETbC.R 3 noJibCbKOi .RK <<wnara», aJie y I.tbOMY BHn~KY BOHO HaBp.R.l( qJ1 ni,ll,XO.lJ.I1Tb. rooa- re3a - KH113b Yrop11V1HI1 y 970-997 PP· ll..(ena'Ha - IwTsaH I (J.UenaH, CTe¢aH) Cs.RTI1i1- KopoJib YropmwHn y 997- 1038 pp.

c.38 nanu ErmeiJu'Kma- B(l)f(KO cKa3aTH, XTO KOHKpeTHO 3 pnMCbKI1X nan MaETbC.R -ryr Ha yna3i: 'IM EeHe,AHKT V (964-966), qn EeHet(MKT VI (973-974), q11 EeHet(HKT VII (974-983).

Mew:Ka- MewKo I - nOJJbCbKHH KopoJib y 960-992 pp. flempo- DeTpo - Koponb YropmnHM y 1038-1041 Ta 1044-1046 pp. A.ttwy- iit(eTbC11 npo lllaM)'CJJ11 A6y, npaBHTCJJ.R YropmwHH y 1041-1044 pp. rmpixa- feHpix III - repMaHCbKMH KOpOJib y 1039-1056 pp., iMnepaTop - 3 1046 P·

c.39

Awpiu- AH.n.piii (EH.n.pe, AH.n.parn) I -

Koponb YropmnHM y 1046- 1060 pp. Ee~ty- Eena I- Koponb YropmMHH y 1060-1063 pp. CoAoM.Oua-lllanoMOH- Koponb YropmnHH y 1063-1074 pp. Feibo'IO- re3a I - KOpOJib YropmMHH y 1074-1077 PP· fuaiJUCJtae- JlaCJio I Cn.RTMH- Koponb Yropll.\HHH y 1077-1095 pp. KOA.o.Mau- KanbMaH KHHJKHHK- Koponb Yropll.\HHH y 1095-1116 pp.

c.40 Cmelftaua)Jfryzozo- IwTBaH II- Koponb YropmHHH y 1116-1131 pp. Ee.Aa ,4pyzuu- EeJJa II CJiin11i1 - Koponb YropmHHH y 1131-1141 pp. Feiisa Tpemiu- re3a II - KOpOJib YropmHHH y 1141-1162 PP· fnaHbiHi «TpeTiif,, npaxoayroqH yropcbKoro I<H113.R feay, SII<Mi1 naHynan y 970-997 pp.

Ha3M8a€ iioro

JI'KiJoeixa- oqeBH.lJ.HO, CJii~ MaTH Ha ynaJi ¢paHL\}'3bKOro Kopomi JlJO.n.oniKa VII Mono.n.woro, .RKMii naH}'BaB y 1137-1180 pp. Ba)f(I<O CKaaaTM, 'IOM)' fnaHbiHi Ha3Hnae iioro iMnepaTopoM. Cme¢au Ill- lwTnau III - I<oponb YropmMHH y 1168-1172 pp. iJRiJb.Ka &aUuC!W6a- ii~eTbC11 npo JlaCJio II, .RKHH 6yn npe-reH.ll.CHTOM ua yropcbi<}' KOpoH)' y 1162-1163 pp. KpiM Toro, npe-reH.n.eHTOM Ha npecToJI y 1163 p. BHC'rynan TaKO>K IWTnaH Iv.

935


KOMEHTAPI De.A.a- Bena III - KOpOJib Yropll\liHH B 1172-1196 PP· roaHbJHi nponycruR 1Yf lwTnaHa Kopon.R Yropll\11HU y 1270-1272 pp. EMepwca-IMpe- Koponb Yrop~uHH y 1196-1204 pp. &aOuC/£aB- JlaCJio III- Koponb Yropll\HHH y 1204-1205 pp. A uopiu /!pyeuu- Ali,npii1 II - Koponb Yrop~11HI1 y 1205-1235 pp. Ee.A.a!V- BeJia IV- Koponb Yropll\uHu y 1235- 1270 pp. lPpiiJpixa- <l>pi.npix II Xopo6p11i1- aocTpii1cbKJdt npamtTeJJb y 1230-1246 pp.

v,

c.41 Cme!ftau IV- nacnpan.ni lwTnaH V- yropcbJou1 Koponb y 1270-1272 pp. OmmOKapa- H..QCTbC.R npo Tip>KeMHCJia II 0ToKapa- upanHTeJI.R 'Y:exii y 1253-1278 pp. Bllai>uc;wB Ill- JlaCJJo IV- Koponb Yropll.\11HU y 1272-1290 pp. AuopiU /1/-AH,npii-i III - Koponh Yropll.\I1HI1 y 1290-1301 pp. KapAa Ma.Aoeo- ,nun. KOMCHT• .no I<H. I, c. 77. JboiJooiK- Jl10.n.oniK (Jiai1orn) I - Kopom, Yropll\I1HI1 y 1342-1382 pp. OROt>Ka Ka.1u.Mupa- w.n.eTbOI npo Ka3l1Mupa III, nonbCbKoro Kopon.R y 1333-1370 pp. .JIOBiza- }l.I1B. KOMCHT. }l.O KH. I, C. 85. Jo.1apic10- Mapi.R- Kopone na Yropll\HHU y 1382-1387 pp. Cuzi3MyuiJ- Ma€TbC.R Ha yna3i )KHrMoH.n (CHri3M-yH.n)- Koponb Yropll\HHH y 1387-1437 pp., npe,ncTaBHHK JliOI<CCM6yp3bKOl ,l{HHaCTiJ. A.llwpexm- i1.n.eTbCJI npo AnL6pexTa II 3 .l{I1HacTil fa6c6ypris - I<Opon.R Yropm11HI1 y 14371439 pp. B.!uWuCJUUJ- YnaCJio I (Bna,uuCJian) 3 ,n11Hacrii ..RrCJIJioHi o - Koponb Yropi..UHHI1 y 1440-1444 pp. O.n.Ho"llaCHO 6yn KoponeM TionbCbi<o-JiaTOBCbKOi .nep>KaBH .RI< Bna,nHCJiao III BapHeH'-IHI< ( 14341444). T}'T TPe6a po3pi3H.RTI1 ~bOfO BJJ~I1CJiana i woro TC31<y- yropcbi<Oro KOpOJIH, 6iJiblli Bi.l{OMOfO ni.n. iMeHeM Jla,n.Hcnaoa a6o JlaCJio V (narrynan y 1444-1457 pp.).

c.42 Al.typam- Mypa.n II - rypeQbK1111 cynTaH y 1421-1443 i 1446- 1451 pp. Mamiawa - MaTiam fyH.R}l.i. ,ll.11o. KOMCHT. .n.o KH . I, c. 11 0. 'KOJt.o Bapu.u- ni.n. qac 6HTBI1 ni.n. BapHOIO 10 JIHCTona.na 1444 p. xp11cTH.RHCbKi oiwcbKa Ha t.IOJJi 3 nOJJbCbKo-yropcbi<I1M I<oponeM Bna.n.ucnanoM BapHeH411KOM 3a3HaJII1 TH)f(KOI nopa3I<I1 ni.n. oiwcbi< OcMaHCbKOi iMncpil. Koponh Bna.n11cnao 3ar11Hyo, a Q.R nory)f(Ha cnpo6a BI13DOJIHTI1 EanKaHI1 ni.n. T}'PCQhKOro naHynamu• mum11nacH Hen.n.ano1o. Mazo.Mem- MexMe.D. II- rype~hKI1M cynTaH y 1444-1446, 1451- 1481 pp.

c.43 JlaiJuc.tUUJ, cuu Aml)jJexnw - JlacJIO V, I<opom., Yropn.\HHI1 y 1444-1457 pp. i.MnefJamopa </JjJiofJixa- <J>pillpi x III fa6c6ypr- uiMeU.~>Kui:r Koponb y 1440- 1493 pp., iMnepaTop «Cn.Rn~CHHOI PMMCI>I<oi iMnepil•• 3 1452 p., Koponb Yropmmm y 1490-1516 pp. Cmeifiana EocuiuroKozo- .l\MB. mm~e. I<OMCHT. .uo c. 11.

c.44 'lleC'bKUU KOjJoA'b B;wiJuCJtao- Ma€Tl>CH Ha yna3i t.ICCbi<Hii I<opom.. Bna..QJ1CJJan II .HreJJJJOH (nauynan y Ycxii' n 1471 - 1516 pp.), ni.uoMHM Tai<O>K m< yropcoi<uii KOpOJib Ynacno II (naHynan B YropLI~I1Hi y 1490-1516 pp.). noll1JC'bK020 KO/JOJlfL Ka3uMupa- 6aTbKOM Bna.n.11cJiana (Jlacno) cnpau.n.i 6yB nOJibCbi<Uil I<Opono Ka3UM11p IV, U.\0 naHynao y 1447-1492 pp. (/JejJouuauoa - <llep.nm.Jan.n. I fa6c6ypr- iMnepaTop «CostmenHoi P11MCb1<0i iMnepil>> y 1556- 1564 pp.; KOpOJJb 3 1531 p. MaKcu.Min.iau- Mai<C11MiniaH I fa6c6ypr - iMnepaTop <<Cosw~eHuol P11MCbi<I iMnepii» y 1493-1519 pp.

936


KOMEHTAPI O;rwpaxm - 5IH Onb6paxT-nOJJhChKJ1i1 Kopom.y 1492-1501 pp. JboooeiK- Jho.uoniK (Jl ail om) II- Koponh YropuJ.nHn y 1516-1526 pp. niiJ Moxa1le.u - MaETbCH Ha yBa3i Tpari'IHa .u,mt yropl\iB 6nTna nirt Moxa'ICM ( 1526), uuaCJii.llOK stKoi' BOHI1 3a3Ha.nu Tst)f(KOi' nopa3KI1 ni.u rypci~bKHX niilcbt<. Ilicnst Uhoro Yropu.uma po3KOJIOJiacst Ha Cxi.nHy It 3axirtHy, npH~tOM)' Cxi;~ua 6yna JaJte>Ima nip, OcMaHCLKol iMnepii', a 3axi.uHa - ui.u AscTpii'tcht\01 iMnepil. .fl11.a Cuzi:J.M)HtOa- JlHom )KurMOHT - KIHI3b TpaHciJihnauii y 1542-1552 pp., y Cxi.uHii1 Yropuu1Hi niH naHynan y 1540-1571 pp. Mmccu.Ati.n.imw- )l.HR. KOMCHT. .n.o KH. I, c. 193. amoei PyiJwtb(/i)'- Py.n.oJih<}> II- repMaHChKHH iMnepaTop y 1576-1612 pp.

c.45 f'..1)'jJam- Mypa.u III- 1J'PCU.I>Kuii C)'JITaH y 15 74-1593 pp.

c.49 A1amiacy- MaTiam fa6c6ypr- npanuTeJiuAncTpil y 1612-1619 pp.

c. 51 Mazo.~ttem- MexMe.u III- rypeu.uKHH cynTaH y

1595-1603 pp.

POKy 1559 cy.tLmau Mazo.Mem- ry-r, O'ICBH)lHO, .upyKapcbKa noMI1JIKa, 6o n 1.1,eii 'lac ( 15201566) y Type'I'IHHi me naHyaan Cynei1MaH II. MaE 6ynr 1595 p.

c. 53 Jlieifl, mpemR 'llacmUua csimy- ni)l. Jliui€10 fnaHbiHi p03)'Mi€ AcflpHKaHCbKI1H KOHTHHCHT, XO'Ia HOM}' si;J.oMa i Ha3aa «AcppuKa>>. Ha3sy «JlisiH» siH B)f(HBaE is 3Ha'leHHi «TiinHi'IHa AcflpHKa••. Hill.... 3 luoi=t eumi?ca£- ni.u IHJJ.i€10 cepep,HbODi'IHi xpoHiCTH 'lacoM po3yMiJIH Apasi10. Ane i a U.bOMY ni-ma.nK)' fnaHbiHi noMHJJSIETbOI, ocKiJibKH HiJI 6epe no'laToK y ninHi'IHo-cxi,nHiii qacTHHi A<J>puKH. HmK'Ie fnaHbiHi Jra,nyE npo .uni IHtdl. Tyr CJJi.ll poJyMiTH snacHe IH)liJO (OcTIH,niJO) TaAMepHK)' (BecT-IH.lliiO). Apa6C'b?Ce .Mope- ii,neTbC.R npo lH~iwcbKHii oKeaH.

c. 54 eaCU.!LiCKu- nacHJiicK- MicpiqHa no-rsopa, JJ.paKOH. eiiJ ce. Ioauua- ii~eTbOI npo CBHTO Pia~sa cs. IoaHHa XpecTHTCJIH, ..RKe npunap,aJIO y

XVII cT. Ha 24 qepsH.R Ja cTapHM CTHJieM, a6o )f( Ha 4 JIHnH.R 3a HOBHM CTHJICM. «flepezpu:ttalJ-ii~, PaiJ3l.UJi.Jwl,- MaETbCJI Ha yna3i TBip- om1e na.noMHHU.TBa y CBHT)' aeMJIIO KHH3H Pa.L(3J.IBiJ:ura «CHpiTKH» ( 1549-1616). ~eii Tnip yneprne 6yn BH)laHHH nanmCbKOIO MOBOIO ni.n. Haasoro: «Hierosolymitana peregrinatio ill. P. Nicolai Christophori Radziwili, ducis in Olyka, epistolis COmprehensa» (Epyt<c6epr, 160}), i CaMe HOro, O'ICBH)lHO, BHKOpHCTaB fBaHbiHi. )J,oCHTb l.LIBH)lKO y KpaKoai BHHlllJIH T()H nepeKJia.AH U.bOro Taopy nOJibCbKOIO MOBOIO ( 1607, 1609, 1611 ). MH BHKoPHCTaJJH 6iJiopycbKHH nepeKJia,n naM'..RTKH: KHira )KbiUiii i xa,l{)f(eHHHj (MiHCbK, 1994). ompyii:ni KpOKoiJU.tLu, 3Mii" 3.R.U'IYL- TYT i a pH~i iHrnHx MicU.b fsaHhiHi npHnycKa€TbCH noMHJIOK, KOTpi BHllJlHBaJIH 3 TOrO'IaCHOI'O piBH.R npHpO~HH"'HX 3HaHb, HKi CTOC)'BaJIHCJI <}>a)'HH .na;IeKHX KpaiH. CUKJilU- O,l:(HC 31(aBHix llJlCMeH Cepe~HbOi Ta nin~eHHOi lTanii, a TaKO)K o. CHU.HJiiH. Bip. CHK)'JiiB, BJiaCHC, i OOXO~HTb Ha3aa l.l,bOrO OCTposa. )J,o IX CT. )lO H. e. BOHH 6yJIH: ni,nKOpeHi rpeKaMH ii aCHMUbOBaHi HHMH. HyMiiJiii.cb?Ce 1.4apcmeo- HfMiJJ.ia - a .u.aaHi qac~:~ o6nacTb y llinHi'IHiH A<}>p~:~ui, aKa Jie)Ka.na Y cxi,nHiw 'laCTHHi cyqacHoro AmK~:~py. Y III cT. ~o. H. e. 6yna ni,nKopeRa Kap<}>areHoM. H}'Mi;tiiiu.i noncraaa.nH npoTH KapcflareHstH, a a qacH I i II llYHi"'HHX aiHH n~TPHM)'BaJIH PHM. 3a u.e pHM.1UIHH .u.onoMorn~:~ uapeai cxi)lHOi HyMi)lii MacHRicci CTaTH (y 201 p.IJ.O H. e.) OIJ.Ho-

937


KOMEHTAPI oci6HHM npanHTeJieM HyMi,nii. Ha qacu naHynaHHSJ MacmiiccH (201-149 pp.IJ.o H. e.) npHnap.ae poaKniT HyMi.nii. 3a naH}'BaHHSI CHHa MacHHicca- IOrypTH ( 149-105 pp• .no H. e.) HYMi.niSJ qepe3 aanoiioBHHI..{bKf noJiiTHKY PHM}' 3aHena,D.ae. IOrypTa aaaHas nopaaKH y nii1Hi npOTH P"MY i 6ys cTpaqeHHH. Y 46 p . .no H. e. HyMiiJ.iSI 6yna nepeTnopeHa IOnieM l...(e3apeM Ha nposiHQiK> PuMCbKOi .nep)KaBH ni.n HaanoiO Hona Acf>puKa. B XII cT. H. e. HfMi.U.iiO aasoiOBaJIJf apa611 (nepe.n THM y Hii1 naHyoanii 3 430 p. naH,lJ.MH, a 3 553 p.- si3aHTii1ui). 3j>yuMoa'He nomiM pUM./l.R1ULMU- i1.neTbCSJ npo TOTaJibHe 3pyi1HynaHHSJ Kap¢areHa pHMJISJHaMH niCJISI IXHbOI nepeMOrH y llyHiqHiH nii1Hi (149-146 pp. ,!J.O H. e.).

cB. Ao.rycmuu- en. AnrycTMH (354-430) - o.u.rm 3 Hai1nH.u.aTHiwHx OTQiB .nasHboi QepKnH xpHCTHSJHCbKoro 3axo.ny. <J>inoco¢, 6orocnos, acTpoHOM, ne!J.aror i npononi,nHHK, 6yn rinnoHCbKHM enHcKonoM y 395-430 pp. BiH cnpan!J.i noxo.nHn 3 M. TaracT y HyMi!J.ii. TepmyMiau i Kinpiau- KniHT CenTHMii1 <l>nopeHc TepryJJJrian (6n. 160 - niCJJSJ 220)BHIJ.aTHHH xpHCTHSIHCbKiiH 6orocnon i mtcbMCHHMK; en. KinpiaH (KiH. II CT.- 258) - Kapcf>areHCbKMH enHcKon. 06HIJ.Ba noXOIJ.HJJH 3 Kap¢areHa, ane He BHKJJIOqeHo, w:o fnaHbiHi Man paQiiO, OCKiJJbKH (y BHllaiJ,Kf ia CB. KinpiaHOM) MO)KJ]MBO, W:O BiH llOXO,li.HB He 3 CaMoro Kap¢areHa, a 3 SJKorocb iHworo MicTa 3aaHaqeHoro perioHy. KipeHeUCbKe yapcmoo- KipeHeSJ- CTOJJHQJI nponiHUii KipeHei y llinHiqHii1 AcppMQi, aaxi.nHiwe ni.n €rMnry (cyqacHa EapKa). 3acHoBaHa rpeKaMH y 631 p. !J.O H. e. TYT iCI-rynana 3Ha'IHa enpei1cbKa KOJIOHiSJ. BHXi,AQeM a Qboro MicTa 6ys CMMOH, npo Korporo IJ.aJJi ara.zzye fBaHhiHi. L(ei% CHMOH Hie xpecT Ha fonro¢y aaMiCTb aHeMO)l(eHoro Bi!J. TOPTYP Icyca Xp11cra (M¢., 27:32). yuzauaMu- fnaHbiHi nonToproe TYT THnony noMHJIKY cepeiJ.HhOBi 'I HOi Ta paHHbOMOIJ.epHOi icTopiorpa¢ii. Hacnpan!J.i npa6aTbKiBW:HHOIO QHraH e IHIJ.iSI. oiiJ Xpeuxpeca- XpeHxpec- O<IeBMIJ.HO, BMKpHnneHe TfTMOC. Ba)l(KO cKaaaTM, xTo Maac.sr Ha yaaai: TyrMoc II (naHynaa 6JJH3hKO 1510-1500 pp. .no H. e.) qM TyrMoc III (naayaaa 6JIH3bKO 1500-1450 pp . .no H. e.). ,l(eSJKi aBTOPH npHnycKaiOTb, w:o QapHQH XaTwencyr, cecTpa o6ox QMX TyrMocia i BOIJ.Hoqac IJ.PY)l(HHa TyrMoca II, pereHTilla Ha noqaTKY naH}'BaHHH TyrMoca III, 6yna TiEJO caMOIO !J.OqKoiO ¢apaoHa, KOTpa apHrynana i BHxonana Mai16yrHbOro npopoKa Moi1ceSJ. Ane BHxi!J. eopeio 3 €r11nry crascSJ, oqeBHIJ.HO, aa qacio HaCTYfiHHKa TfTMOca III ¢apaoHa AMeHxoTena II, w:o naHyaas y 1450-1420 pp. IJ.O H. e.

c. 55 AA:b'Kaip, a6o)JaMiama, a6o :He Me.M!ftic- faaHbiHi npHnycKa€TbCSI HeToqHOCTi. no-nepwe, MeM¢ic, IJ.e 6yna neBHHH qac CTOJJHQSJ ,l(anHhoro €r11nry, 3aHenan y)l(e B aHTHqHi qacH. BHHHKHCHHSJ nopyq 3 HHM Kaipa (A,nb·Kaipa) llOCTa8HJJO KpanKy Ha icHyBaHHi QbOI"O MicTa, Bi!J. SIKOrO 3MHWMJJHCSI Jli1We HC3Ha'IHi pyiHM. ,lJ.aMiaTa- MicTO 8 ,ZJ,CJlbTi Hiny, QCHTp npoBiHQii, 6yno poaTarnonaHe B)l(e Ha caMoMy ya6epe)l()l(i CepeiJ.JeMHoro MopH. l/>iaaiJeJI,'bfP- llTOJieMei1 II <l>inaiJ.eJJb<})- u.ap €r11nry y 283-246 pp . .no H. e. 3 i1oro HaKa3y 6yno po3noqaTo nepeKJJaiJ, CTaporo 3aniry rpeu,bKOIO MOBOIO. B11pa3 <<3 nonhCbKOI» e, 3BHqai1HO, IJ.pyKapcbKOIO nOMHJJKOJO. llepeKJJa,D. po6HBCSJ 3 enpei1chKoro TeKcry Ei6nii. llOMIUIKOBJiM e npMnMcynaHHSJ JacHynaHHSI AneKcaHIJ.pii1chKOi 6i6nioTCKH Ta My3eJO llToneMeeni. Hacnpan.o.i u e aqHHMB iioro 6 aThKO, noJIKono.o.eQb AneKcaH.n.pa MaKe,!J.OHChKOro i aacHOBHHK IJ.HHacTii llToneMeio- llToJieMeii I CoTep , w:o naHysan y 305- 283 pp. IJ.O H. e . .MY3eU- Ma€TbC.Sl Ha yna3i 3HaMCHHTMi1 AJJeKCaHIJ.piHCbKHH M)'CeHOH (My3ei1) - HayKoBa, JiiTepaTfPHa i 811W:a HaBt.raJihHa ycTaHOBa B AJJeKCaHIJ.pil, SIKa Mana Mi)l(HapO!J.HC 3Hat.rCHH.Sl B aHTHqHOMY cniTi. CTnopeHMH y 280 p. IJ.O H. e. aa HaKa3oM QapSI llTOJieMe.H I CoTepa. Majn<, Jlaumeou, K..n£.Me'lic, ,4imdciu, OpizeH., €pmti.M, Aifjauaciu, /oamt M wwcmueuu -i'r.neTbCSI npo p.HJJ. BMIJ.anmx oco6HcTOCTei%, non'H3aHMX 3 AneKcaH.n.pi€10, Hacal\mepe.n. en. €BaHrenicTa MapKa. KliMMeHT AneKcaH.n.piiichKHH (KiH. II- not.r. III CT.) - m1.n.aTHHrr 6orocJIOB, ¢iJiococf> i nHChMCHHMK, .HKHH pa30M Ji cnoiM B<IHTeneM llaHTeOHOM aacHynan oco6n1my 6oroCJIORCbK}' wKony n AneKcaHIJ.pil. L(SJ lllKOJia, 3a nepeKa3aMH, 6yna JacHonaHa w:e en. enaHreJiiCTOM Map-

938


KOMEHTAPI KOM, Me npalleiO lVIHMCHTa i naHTCOHa 3i 3Bii'·IaiiHOrO Jlall'laJlbHOrO 3aKlla,D.Y DOHa nepeTnOpHJiaCR Ha CaMOCTiiif.nu'i npocniTlllHJ.l>KO·HayKOBIIH 3aKJia,n, Bi)lOMI-Jii y DCl>OMY XpHCTI-UIHChJ<O· M)' CDiTi TiEl P,06H. )J.iouiciii.AneKCaH)lpiikl>KHH - €fli1CK0fl AJieKCau.n,piiicbKI1M y 247- 264 pp. , 011CbMCHHl1K i 60rOCJIOD, rJiana AneKcan.npiiichKOJ lllKOJJJ1 CB. J€pOHiMa (340- 420), OP.MH 3 ae.nMKIIX B'llfTCJlin 3axi,nHoY Ucpt<nl1 . .l{oc.strHyBWIJ ncecniTHbor cnan11, np116yu .no AneKcaH.npii i >K11B TaM y 384- 386 pp. TioTiM ncpelxan /l.O Biq>ne€Ma, /l.C npo.noB)f(l1B iHTCHCHBHY HayKono-ne.n.arori'IHY npal.liO, w.o Tp11nana .no caMoi ifo1·o cMepTi. Aqmt-mci&1 B enHKMH - EfiMCJ<On AneKcaH.n.piiicbKMH y 293-373 pp., O'IOJIIOnan 6opoT~>6y npoTH Epeci apiaHcTna. Cn. IoaHH M11nOCTJ.1· n11ii- naTpiapx AneKcaHIJ.piiicbJmii (610-619), ycnammc.st cnorM 6naro.niitH111.\TBOM. OpireH (6n. 185-254) - nilJ.OMHii xpucTI1HHCI>Jmi1 q>inocoq> i Teonor, Y'~CHh AMMonioca CaKKaca i KnHMeHTaAneKcaulJ.piilci>KOro. Hayi<ony .a,innJ.niCTh po3no"4an ua 18-MJ pol.li )f(HTTR .HK BMKJJa)la"4, a noTiM Kepism1K TiaHTeoHa. AnTop 6nM3bKO 600 KHI1r. !pa'K.Ili.R.- Ipa~<.niii- ni3aHTiiiCbKHit iMncpaTop y 610-641 pp. HanpHKiHLd i1oro npa8JiiHHH i >KMTTH apa6H ni.u. nposo.a,oM xanicj:>a 0Mapa 3ano10nanM AneKC3Hll.pi10, a y 642 p . cnanMJIH .A.neKCaHp,pii1cbKY 6i6nioTeKy, T0"4Hiwe, II Bl.lininy Ha TOH 'lac 'iaCTMHy. fle.ayciu - Tienycii1 - MicTo y ,neJibTi Hiny, cTOHno Ha 6epe3i Cepell.JeMHoro MOpH cxi.nHiwe ,llaMiaTH. CyAma'H.- i1,neTbCR npo npa nMTenis (cynTaHin) )lHHacTil Ai'1106i,ni8, KOTpi caMocTiHHO naJiYBM11 s €rHnTi 3 1250 no 1517 pp., a 8 C.-spil- 3 1250 p. no 1516 p. B ocTaHHi poKH KpaiHaMH npaB11Jil1 cynTaHCbKi rsaplJ.iHQi MaMJIIOKJ.1 (MaMeJIIOKI-1), ~0, HK i HH11"4ap11, Ha611pMHCH 3 XJIOn"411KiB pi3Hl1X Hapop,iB, BJ.1X0BY8aJl11C.H npH cynTaHCbKOMJ .ll,BOpi. 3a 'iaCiB /l.BOX OCTaHHiX cynTaHis KaHcyx Anb-rypi (1501 - 1516) TaAwpa<P TyMaH-6eH (1516- 1517) C~-tpi.H Ta €rHneT 6yn113asoi1onaHi (8i~nosi.D.HO y 1516 Ta 1517) rypei..J.bKHM cynTaHOM CeJJiMOM I. Eym~6ax- otieBMIJ.HO, 11.neTbCH. npo M. Eaanb6eK y Cwpil.

c. 56 PoJemmu - Po3eTTa - MicTo 8 /l,eJJhTi Hiny, 1..1.\0 CTOH.JIO Heno.naJiiK Bill. ,llaMiaTH, QeHTP nponiHL.lii y cepell.Hi siKH. CJiiB He no~atOTb CJIOBHI1K11 flOJibCbKOI MOBI1, X0"4a MaCJIO'leM y /l,aBHHHY Ha311Ba.JI11 COpT 811Ha. 3 KOHTeKC'I)' BHfiJIHBa€, 1..1.\0 MOBa HIJ.e npo HapKOMaHiB. 'llayudo- 1.1aymi- noCJiaHQi, noc;m. ,4py3aMU- ll.PY311 - rpyna HaceJieHHH. ripcbKMX pal1oHiB JiisaHy Ta C11pii, lf(O YTBOpiOe O.LJ.HY 3 w11iTCbKI1X ceKT i Mae HI13K}' oco6JIMBOCTei1 no6yry i:i K}'nbryp~-t. Haasa ceKT11 noXO/l.HTb Bill. iMeHi ,llapa3i (XicT), H.KHH 6ys Ha cny)f(6i icMainiTCbKOro xani<Pa a €nmTi XaKiMa (anb·XaKiMa). ,ll.apa3i snepme BMCYHYB Te3y npo 6mKeCTBeHHicTb QbOro xa.ni<Pa . .llpy311 icHyIOTb i HHHi H Bi/l,irpaiOTb Ba)f(JmBy pOJib y cycniJibHO-nOJiiTH'iHOMJ >KHTTi cyqaCHOfO JiisaHy. ciM .Mift'bUO'I!iB- l.l11<ppa, lf(O CTOCYETbCSI KiJibKOCTi €Bpeia y TOrO'laCHOMY €rHnTi, € SIBHO 3aBHI..I.\CHOIO. 'KOpdua1l'I!U'KU••• MacJtQit.'I!U'KU-QHX

c. 57 Ke¢aJlo1!ii" 8 3a'Ku1!¢i- rsaHbiHi npwnycKa€TbCSI HCT0"4HOCTi. Ke<PanoliiH i 3aKHH<l> € OKpeMI1Ml1 OCTpOBaMH 8 rpyni loHiMCbKHX OCTpODiB Ha niB,l.{eHH0·3aXi.LJ.HiH 'laCTHHi DaJIKaH. ocmpooi Kopyupi- :H~eT&CH. npo KHpKupy, ocTpia Ha ninH0"4i rpynu loHiHCbKOro apxine:JJary. HMHi y CKJJa/l,i rpeQii. J(ufi'H.o me, ~o y Hac xOJtoiJ, a y 'HUX cneKa npu6of»cywm'b nomecm'b- raalibiHi, fl"K i Iforo cyqacHHJrn, J.LtC He 3HaB npo 6aKTepii, J.LtO Dl1K.nHKaiOTb X80p06H, ane fl1H}'Tb BHaCJii,AOK SIK .lzy)KC HH3bKOi, TaK i ~p<e BHCOKOi TCMneparypH. Ce.JtiM. oucmynWJ•.. npomu 6ZUnemCbxoeo cyJtma'l!a- noxi.D. CeJiiMa I po3nO'-IaBC.R J.Lte Hauecai 1515 p., ane KOp~OH OCMaHChKi BiHCbKa nepeHWJI115.08.1516 p . reHepaJihHa 6HTBa Bi.D.6yJiaCJI

939


KOMEHTAPI 24.08.1516 p. Ha ,l(a6HKCbKOM)' noni (Mep>K-,l(a6HK) na ninHi"' ni.n Xane6a (An enno), y JlHi xo.ny Bit( MicTa. CynTaH KaHcyx Anb-fypi, nporpanlllM 6HTny, oTpyincR. 28 cepnH.R 1516 p. CeniM 13 -rpiyMcl>oM yui1'1llloB y Xane6, 22 uepecH.R -.no XaMH, 29 nepecH.R - 11.0 XoMca, 9 )f{OBTHH - 11.0 ,ll.aMacKa. AHTioxi.R i Tpinoni niMaJII.iC.H ocMaHCbKMM nitkbKaM, ane CeniM I oco6HcTo He ncrynaa.l(o ~Mx MiCT. CeniM I nepe6ynan y ,lJ.aMaCK)' .no cepeJ.lHHM rpy.nH.R 1516 p. Y cepe.nwHi cilfH.R 1517 p. niH y>Ke 6yn i3 niMCbKOM y ,ll.eJJhTi Hiny. llicmt 6MTDM ni,11. Pi.naHi€10 (22.01.1517), BHrpaHoi ocMaHaMM, CeniM I Jai1HHB Kaip. Y Hi"' Ha 29.01.1517 p. y Kaipi n116yxHyno aHTMOC· MaHCbKe noncTaHHR, ane 1.1epe3 ·rp11 .D.Hi nono 6yno npH.n.yweHe, i CeniM I ocTaTO"'HO }'Tnep.li.MBCJI y CTOJJH~i €rl1DTf. 2.04.1517 p. Bi,11.6ynacS1 OCTilHHSJ 6MTBa Mi>K MaMJJIOKaMH Ta OCMaHaMH, niCJIH SJKOi CeniM I eTas nono.napeM €nmT)'. ,ll.oKJJa.nuiwe npo ~i no.nii ,11.118.: MeaMe H. A. OcMaHcKoe JanoeuaHMe apa6cKHX cTpaH. 1516-1574.- M., 1984. c. 58 JICinKa Pooona- TYT Ma€MO cnpany i3 He.nocTonipHI1M nepeKaJOM ni3Hiworo noxo,a;JKeuHSJ, SJKHH "'aCTKOBO 6yn 3an03HlfCHHH rnaHbiHi 3i 3fa}laHoro Tnopy Pa,n3HBiJJJJa «CnpiTK11». flJti'H.iU- nniHiM CTapW11H. ,li.HB. KOMeHT. )1,0 KH. I, c. VII. Ui mpu nipa.MiiJu- nipaMiJln, O)J.He 3 ceMM "~YJJ.ec cniry, 6yn11 rpo6HH~.RMH <f>apaoHiB ,ll.aBHhOro €r11nTY i 6yJJ.ynanncH 3 XXVIII no XVI cT. JJ.O H. e. Hai1BHll\HMH 3 HHX e TPH nipaMi.D.H, 3raJJ.yBaHi y rnaHbiHi, mo 6yJJ.ynanHCSJ ,u.nSJ <f>apaoHin III ,a;nHacTii: Xeonca (146,59 M), Xe<f>peHa (143,5 M), MiKepiHa (143,5 M). Barbara Piramidum... - «xai1 MOBlfaTb )J.I1BOBH>KHi nipaMi)J.H MeM<f>ica, xai1 He nHwaeThC.R BannnoH 6e3nepepnHHMH TpyJJ.aMn, He cni)J. Ha,n.To xsaJJHTH xpaMH Tp11nii (reKant), xai1 He 6y,11.e ri)J.HHM ynar11 3BHlfaMHI1M BinTap 6oriB 3 nocy)J.HHaMH )J.JJSJ OJJiHHHX CBiTI1JJbHI1I<iB, XaM He ni)J.HOCiiTbC.R I..I,epe (MicTo B ETpypii.- 10. M.) 3 Ha)J.MipHHX csoix Jacnyr )J.O 3ipoK». MapyiaJt- Mapu.ian (MapK Banepii1 Mapu.ian) (43- 6nH3bKO 103) - .naBHbOpHMCbKHM noeT. A.8Top «EnirpaM>> y 15 KHHrax, ll.\0 MiCT.RTb 6JJH3bKO 1500 TBOpin naHeripH'lHOfO i CaTHpH'lHOfO JMicry. Y noe3ii Map~iana "'HMano JaManhonoK no6yry pnMJJ.RH TOJ..UO, mo po6MTh ii TilKO>K Ba>K.JU1BHM JCTOpH'!HHM ,l\JKepeJJOM.

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KOMEHTAPI Xmwau- KpaiHa Ha cxiJJ.HOM)' y36epe>K)f{i Cepe/lJCMHoro r.~opH, UlO npon.s~rJia nyJoKOIO CM)'fOIO Mi>K MOpCM i n)'CTCJICIO 3 niuHO"'i Ha llii3Jl.CHh Ha Di}lCTaHb 6JUI3bKO 280 KM. HHHi Ha 6iJihiUii1 TepHTOpii ui€1 3CMJii JIC)f{I1Tb ;~ep)l(ana bpalno. CaMe l\10 3CMJIIO focnO/lb o6il\HB AapaaMy, qepe3 ~o noHa 6yJJa Ha3nana TaKO>K JeMJieK> o6il\HI-IOK> (o6iTonaHOIO). /(a.MaCK- mmi CTOJIJ.tl\.SI Cnpi"i. IJ.e MicTo Jra,u.y€Tocn U\C n Ei6nii (l>yrnJ, 14:15), 3ni.n.n1 6yB pO.ZJ.OM €ni€3ep, CJI)Ta AnpaaMa, aJle HCMa€ )J.am:IX, .SIK TBCp.ZJ.11Tb nJaHhiHi, I.U.O ,llaMaCK 6yno aacHonaHo cnyrar.nt Aupaar.ta. 3 ,llaMacKOM CnHTJtM DIIChMOM non'.H3)'€TbC.SI HanepHeHH.SI CB. anocTOJJa nauJia (Canna 3 Tapca). ncpecJii.D.ytO"lH xpucTII.SIH, niH BHi'xan 3 ,ZJ.aMaCKa, aJie no6JIH3)' MicTa i1oMy .SII:H1BC.SI XpucToc i CKaJau: «Canne, Caunc, ..,oMy TM ncpecni.nyEw Me He? .. OcninneHHH su.niHH.HM C anJI noTpanMn-TaKn .no ,ZJ.aMacKa, .nc "')'.D.CCHO 6yn 3L\iJICHJ1i1, oxpecTHBCH i cTan CJIY>KHTH Xp11cry, np1PIOMY no"'an cno1o .niS~JioHicTo }tK anocron U)l(e B .ll.aMaCK)'. TfUt 6y.Ao cmoopeHo AdMta- Jri.n.Ho Ji Cn.SITHM IlHCbMOM, Eor cTnopHu A.uaMa B E.D.eMi, MicUe3HaXO.IJ,)KCHI-IH .s~Koro Hcpi.u.Ko noK<:VIi3yETbCH n Iliu.nc•mit't MeconoTaMii (HMHi Ha JJ;Hi IJepCbKOI 3aTOKH). 3niCTKa fnaHhlHi, 0'-ICB!t)J.HO, anoKpH<l)i"'HOrO nOXO,l\)I(CHHH. zopaJiioau- npanHJibHiwe Jiinai-ICoKi rop11. Ha,lJaouai i 'H.C i/tofli - ,ZJ.amr}l, 1_\ap 13pai;uo Ta IO.nel y 1055-1015 pp . .no Pi3)J.Ba XpMcToBa, po.noHa"<iaJJbHMK /lOM)' .ll.alm,nonoro, mo L\ap10nau .no na.D.iHH.SI IO.lleikoKoro l\apcTna. IlpH HbOM)' HOfO napCTBO npouniTaJIO i J6araTHJIOC51, BiH 3a.ll.)'MaB 6y.ll.yBaTH xpaM, HKI11i, O,ll.HaK, 36)'Jl)'BaB )')i(e iioro CHH, L.lap ConoMOH. :Hon- npane.lJ.HI-rK 3 KpaiHH 03 (Mi)l( E.neMOM Ta IlycTeJioHOIO Apani€10), HKHH, HeJnll)KaJOt.m Ha nci TmKKi n11npo6ynaHHJI, He noxMTH)'BCH y csoiH rJII160Kii1 sipi B Eora. Od!ftiEw ma b-tdiE?O- icTopw-I HHii aHaxpoHi3M, np•naMaHHHM He JIMUJC fnaHbiHi. Tii.n CKi<f>iero cni.n. po3yMiTH y ~hOM)' BI·ma}.J;K)' Tiepcory iMnepi10; ni.n IH}.J;i€10, HK BIHI.{e ronopHnoCH,- ApasiiO. /(aMacv,eHe- Ji.neTbCSI npo JeMJJi, neHTpoM JIKHX 6yn ,U:aMacK. KoMazeHe- KoMareHa- KpaiHa y Mani:H A3ii, ninHi"'HO-cxi,ll.Ha "'aCTHHa C11pii Mi)f{ €s<f>paTOM i ropaMI1 Taypyc. II cTOJIH~H - M. CaMocaTa 6yJia 3auoi1osaHa AneKcaH.n.poM MaKe.UOHCbKHM, a niCJI.H MOfO CMepTi 3.D.06)'Jia HC3aJJC)I(HicTb. Y 73 p. 6y11a 3aBOHOBaHa p11M11HHaMI1. Y "'aCH fsaHhiHi BXOJlHJia .n.o cKJia,zJ.)' OcMaHCbKOI iMnepii. JO()e.R,-nst KpaiHa qacin Honoro 3aniry JIC)KaJJa Mi)f{ Cepe.nJeMHMM Ta MepTBHM Mop.HMM. JayM.eJl- JeMJJ.H, stKa Jie)f{aJia nin.neHHiwe IO.nei, n nycTeJii Heres. Ca.Mapilt- KpaiHa n 1.\CHTpi Cn.HToi aeMJii. Bi!/JMEM- MiCTO n IO.nei, }.J;e Hapo.U11BCSI CnacMTeJib. KaHa- MicTO B raJiiJiei Ha niBHi'-1 Bi)l. HaaapeTa, CJiaBHe TI1M, ll.\0 T)'T XpMCTOC 3AiikHHB CBO€ nepwe '-l)'JlO (nepCTBOpeHHH BO)J;III y BHHO Ha BCCiJIJii) (IH., 2:1-2). l.Je;z.eM. ..• Ana.MeHe... Fiao6oe- HencTaHonneHi nponiHuil TialleCTMHM s cepe.nHhOBi'-IHii% OcMaHChKi:H iMnepii. Fa3UfruM- M)J;CTbC.H, 0'-leBH)J.HO, npo raay- MiCTO Ha nin.n.Hi cyqacHoro IJpaiJIIO. MO)I(JIHBO TaKO)I(, 11\0 H.D.eTbCSI npo rap113iM - MiCTO B UCHTpi CaMapii Ta iforo OKOJIHUi; a6o npo repaay- MicTo Ha cxi.nHOM}' 6epe3i p. Mop.naH y T. 38. ,llecJITMMicTi. zopa cf>a6op- ropa Ta6op ( <l>anop) po3TawonaHa y cxi,zJ;Hiif qaCTHHi faninei, cxi.n.Hiwe Haaapcra, Mae 562 M Ha.D. pinHeM Mop.H. 3a AaBHbOIO Tpa.n.wuieiO 3 u.ie10 ropo10 nos'.H3YIOTb llpeo6pa,)KCHH.H rocnO}.J;H€. Tup i Cuoon- n01J?I<Hi <f>iHiKiifcbKi MicTa-nopTM Ha cxi,nHOM}' ya6epe~i CepeAJeMHoro MOpft. T11p 6ya po3TawonaHHif Ja 95 KM Ha ninHi'-1 oi.D, HaaapeTa. Moro 6yno BJRTO i 3HHmeHo y 322 p. 11.0 H. e. niifchKOM AlleKcaH..upa MaKeP.OHCbKoro. CIII,zJ;OH ne>KaB aa 32 KM Ha ninHi'l B~ Tupa, onas ni.n y.napaMH sasHJIOHCbKOi apMii 1..\ap.R Hasyxo,zJ;oHocopa, ll.\O naHyoao y 606561 pp. ,zJ;O H. e. CnpaBAi, y lii6nii (2 Qap., 24:7; 5: 11; 3 Uap., 5:1 Ta iH.) 3f'aJ.\YIOTbC.R u.i ,zJ;Ba t.ticTa, B ixHi OKonwu.i npHX0/1.HB XpHcToc (M<}l., 15:21; MK., 3:8; 7:24), a.ne nocHnaHHR fsaHbiHi Ha CB. anOCTOJia JlyK}' € HCTO'-IHHM.

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KOMEHTAPI s CHpii, ll{O CTOiTb Hap. OpoHT, Heno.ztaJJiK ni.zt Mici.VI, ,zte noHa nna,zta€ y Mope. 6yna 3acHoaaHa CeneBKOM I HiKaTopoM y 300 p • .zto H. e. i HaanaHa HHM aa iMeHeM 6aT&Ka. TyT 6yna O,AHa i3 CTOJJHQb Cenemd.ztin, noTiM- peaH.zteHQiSI HaMiCHHKa PHMC&Koi iMnepii. Y 637969 pp. nepe6ynana ni.zt BJJa)J.OIO apa6io, y 1098-1268 pp.- CTOJJHQSI AHTiOXiMCbKOrO KHS13iBCTBa xpecTOHOCQiB. Y 1268 p. 6yna aanoifonaHa MaMeJJIOKaMH. Cl1.1laouu- Canax-a,zt-,ztHH ( Cana,ztHH) - erHneTcbKHM cynTaH ( 1171-1193), aacHOBHHK .AHHacTii A11I06i,ztio, KYP.zt aa noxo,zt)KeHHSIM. 2.10.1187 p. B3Hn €pycanHM, SIKHM nepe.zt THM nHaaoJJHJHf xpecTOHOCQi. llpH6JJH3HO TO,zti )I( OBOJJO,ztiB naneCTHHOIO i 6iJJbWOIO 'lJaCTHHOIO CHpii, a T. '1. M: AHTioxieiO.

Ce.lz.eBKiR- MicTo a C11pii npu rnpni OpmiTa, Heno.zta.niK ni.zt AHTioxii, .AJJSI KOTpoi CeneaKiSI 6yna nopToM. Tenep Qe pyiHH no6nuay nopry Cynaife.ztHEX. ArunccaH.opiR- Mona M:.zte npo AJieKcaH.n.piio, a6o AneKcaH.n.perry ( cyqacHiiM lcKeH.n.epoH y nin.n.eHHo-aaxi.n.Hiw Type'lJ'lJHHi). U:e nopT y ninHi'lJHo-cxi.n.Hili qacTnHi Cepe.n.aeMHOro Mop.s~ n aaToQi lcKeH.n.epoH. ,nell{o Ha niBHi'lJ ni.n.6ynacb y 333 p . .n.o H. e. 6nTaa npu led, y KOTpiw AneKcaH.n.p MaKe.D.OHCbKiiM poa6uo ipaHCbKoro (nepc&Koro) Qap.R ,napi.R III Ko,zxoMaHa, ll(O naHyoaa y 336-330 pp . .n.o H. e.

Eoecca, Xappa- MicTa E.n.ecca i XappaH 6ynu poaTawoaaHi Ha niaHi'lJI-UIH cxi.zx ai,zx Xane6a (HHHi y nio.n.eHHo-cxi.n.Hiw Type'lJ'IHHi, no6;may rypeQbKO-cHpiacbKoro Kop.n.oHy). Cuxe.M - .n.aBHE MiCTO y cepe,zxHiii nanecTHHi y ,li.OJIHHi 6iJI.R ropH rapuaiM, npu6JIIi3HO Ha 80 KM niaHi'lJHiwe ni.zx €pycanuMa. Bi,zxoMe ll(e 3 qacia 6i6JiiMHiiX naTpiapxin, ryT )1(118, HanpHKJia;J., Hocm:p. ,naHi npo noxo.n.)KeHH.R MicTa ni.n. oHyKa Ho.s~ e noMHJIKOBHMH.

c. 63

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558-530 pp . .no 1-1. e.) Ta ,napiSI I (naHynan y 522-486 pp. )l.O H. e.). HiH-- HiH- JiereH.n.apH11M JaCHOBHHK HiHeaii- CTOJII1~i Accnpii. KcepKc- KcepKc I - .n.am-IbOnepcbKHll Qap, CHH .napiSI. nauynan y 486-465 pp . .n.o H. e.

944


KOMEHTAPI c.64

FijJ"I\aHiw- ripKaHi.H- rpeUhKa HaJna )l.anuhoipancbKOI o6Jiacri, n.to poJTamonana y nin.nenHo-cxi.nHiii tmcnmi y36epc)K>K.SJ Kacniikr,Koro MOp.H. Acmia?a- AcTiar- ocTaHHii1 uap MiAiiicbKOI .n.ep)!<anH, n auynan y 585-549 pp . .no H. e. CKHH)'THii 3 npecTOJty KipoM II. nepc~>KnM uaper.t. Jt100U 0 1\fioii: fltpcii:.. ?OOOjJJI?n'h }.t(lU.)f(e OOilieKJ apa6C1l'KOKJ ,,tOOOIO- rnaHbllli JIJI}'Ta€ .niJiony Mony .nep:>Kan Cepe.llHhoro Cxo.ny i B:>KHnamui TaM apao c~> rw r·o aJI(j>aniTy 3 iKHnOIO MOuoro nepciH, .HKa HaJJC:>KIITh ..n.o 3onciM imuoi" (iut~ocnponciichi<Oi') ciM'I, Hi)f( apa6chKa, n~o € o..n.Hi€10 3 MOB CeMiTO-XaMiTChKOI Cil\1 '"i. EK6ammw- JJ.aBIIbOI'per.~bKa Ha3na MicTa AccHpiiicr.r<OIIl.cpfl<amt AMaTaMa. I lm1i- XaMa.naH y cyt.taCHOMY Ipani. Ue MiCTO oyJio cTonnucio Mi~til y VII-VI CT. 11.0 u. c., noTiM .nanHbOnepcbKHX npamneJiin . .Mumpuoama- M1npn.naT I - L\ap Tiapcj>il 6JIH3bKO 170-137 pp. JJ.O H. e. 3axom1B cxiJJ.ni caypanil JJ.Cp:>Kanu CeJiesKill.in, CTnop11o noTy)f(HY ll.Cp:>Ka ny. ApaoiR E mpMx pooia- nepma Apaui.H - DJiaCHe Apauiu, aGo ApauiikbKHJ1 nioocTpin, .npyra- TiycTeJibHa (ApaniiicbKa nycTeJI.H), II\O Mi:>K p. €nq>paT ua cxo.D.i i fa.Jiaa.noM Ha 3aXOJJ.i: TpeT.SJ- ripcbKa ( o6JiaCTb B ninHit.tHo-JaxiJJ.Hiii t.tacTI1Hi Apani~JCbKoro ninocTpona, nKJIIOt.tHo J CHHaiichKHM Ta IO.neiicbKoro nycTeJiero). cmpaycio... UjO uaoim'b 3aJti:Jo i'oflrn'b ... 1\UOa61WJ.tiHHJut - TyT, .HK i n p.HAi iHumx smna.n.Kin, fnaHhiHi nocJiyronyETbC.SJ JiereH.napHHMI1 ononi.n.HMI1 npo ¢ayHy .na.JieKHX KpaiH, npHLIOM}' .nonoBHIO€ t.ti1MI1 q>aHTaCTHt.tH11M11 .naHHMH ,lJ.OCUTb npan,LJ.HBY po3noni.D.b npo CTpaycin, mo II 3HaXO.lJ.I1MO a «Tieperp11nauil» Pa.D.311BiJIJia. c.65

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MeJt'bXiceoeK- ii.neTbC.SJ npo MeJihxice,AeJ<a, cnHmeHHKa i t~apn Ca.JinM)'. Tipo Hhoro Jra,u.y€ Ei6Jii.SJ (EyYTn, 14: 18-20). MeJihxicc.neK 3}'CTpin AnpaaMa i BI1Hic 1iOM}' xJii6 Ta mmo, l(HM caMHM 6JiarocJIOBHBllll1 i1oro. Coxom, Auoua i Ce6iou- rrpo l(i MicTa, ll\O po3,lJ.iJIHJII1 yllaCTb Co.noMa Ta foMoppH, CnJITe HHcbMO He Jra,u.y€. fnaHblni BJHB ui .naHi Ji cni.o;treHb mlJJOMHI1Ka XVI cT.- KH.SJ3.H Pa,u.JHBiJIJia «CHpiTKH», a TOM, y cno10 t.tepry, 3 Tnopin icTopHKa ni3aHTiikhKHX Liacin, rpeKa feoprist KeApiHa. €puxou- M.ll.eTbC.st npo MicTo, mo rrp116JIHJHO Ja 20 KM Ha rrinHi"'HHH cxi.n ni.n €pycanH· Ma, HI1Hi He icHyE, a iioro pyiHH Jie:>KaTb 3a 1,5 KM ni.n cytmcHoro OJJ.HOI1MeHHoro Micra. BoHo 6y11o nepmHM MicTOM y XaHaaHchKiii JeMJli, B3.SJTHM i3paiJibT.SJHal'tm, nci >KHTeni uoro 3arHH}'· JIM, KpiM poJnycHuui Paan, KOTpa .li.Ma rrpHyYJIOK po3Bi.li.HMKaM, np11CJiaHI1M IcycoM HanH· HOM. OiCJI.H ~horo Icyc HanHH npoKJum Toro, XTO cnpo6yE ni,lJ.6y.nynaTH u;e Micro (KHHra Icyca

945


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1258 p., a Hey 1250 p., i ue cTanoc.sJ 3a qacin nm-ryoaHH.SI xaHa Xynara.

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946

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c.74 Omo.MaH - OcMaH I- rypeU.bKHH cynTaH y JacHOBHMK .z:ti1HacTil OcMa.His.

1299- 1324 pp .• Tnopenh OcMaHCbKoi .uep.>Kasu:,

OpxaH- OpxaH - TypenhKMM cyJJTaH y 1324-1359 pp. Mypaea- Mypa.,n. I - rypeU.bK11i1 cynTaH y 1359-1389 pp. 5a.Jl3ema- Ba.stJH.z:t I- rypei..tbKI1M cyJITaH y 1389-1402 pp. KaJtaniH- Ma€TbC.st Ha ysaai, otteBM.z:tHO, o.n.uH i3 CHHis Ba.st3H,l.l.a I - CyJJeM:MaH l..JeJJe6i a6o Myca. 1..Jene6i.

CMzi3M.yHiJa T}'T 3ra.n.aHo

noMnJIKono, T}'T i.n.eT~>CH npo Bna.z:tncJiasa

III BapHeH'111Ka,

flOllbCbKOro KOp01IH }' 1434-1444 pp.

TaMefJJLaH- TaMepllaH (THMYP) - .UHB. KOMeHT. JJ.O KH. I, c. 90. MazoMeiJ- MexMe.n. I 'lJcne6i- rypeU.bKHM cyJJTaH y 1413- 1421 pp. Mypae- Myp<iA II -rypenhKHii cynTaH y 1421-1443, 1446-1451 pp. 'IW/JOM J1A.aOUCila8a- .ll.HB. KOMCHT. ,l.l.O KH. l, C. 98.

c.75 Mazo~teeol(pyzuu- MexMe.n II- rypenbKHii cynTau y Ko~tcmaumu'H.- KoHcTaHTHH

1444-1446, 1451-1481 pp.

XI - ocTaHHiii si3aHTiflchKHH iMnepaTop.

y 1449-1453 PP· noxo.z:tMB 3 ,l.l.HHaCTii na.Jieonorio.

947

~o nanyoao


KOMEHTAPI c. 76 MimeJZ.!liHo- rononue MicTo ocTpoua Jlec6oc - MiTiniui. KopOJlJl Cme¢a'H.a- ~Hn. mnr~e, KOMeHT. ~o KH. X, c. II. pay'b'KUM. 'K'H.Jl3e.M.- ii~eTbC.R npo npaBHTemi Cep6ii reoprin BpaHKOBM'Ja (nanynaB y 1427-

1456 pp.). J(Muo- ocrauuiii iMneparop Tpane3}'H~CbKOi iMnepii, nauyuan y I458-1461 pp. Y 1461 p.

u.sr Aep*ana 6yJia 3anoiionaua T)'pKaMH.

c.77 Axauw- AxaiiH- Ha3Ba, nKy p11MJHJHJ1 ~aJlM ni~Kopeuiii rpcuii y 146 p. ~0 H. e. HaMiCH11K uiei nponiHuii )KHB y Kopnucpi. Y QbOMY perioui npononi~yuan en. AH~piii Ilepno3sammii, i TaM 6yJio J.ioro poJn '.RTO.

c.78 5aR3eiJ- DM311.ll II - rypeQbKHil cynTaH y 1481-I512 pp. Ce..rt:iM6eK- CeniM I- TypeuhKHH cynTau y 15I2-1520 pp. C)'JZ.eii..ftWH- Cyne?iMaH II- 1'}'peQbKHI1: cynTaH y I520- I 566 pp. KapAa i l/JepiJuH.aHiJa- Kapn V- iMnepaTop «CB.HI.l.{euuoi PMMCbKOi iMncpii» y 1519I522 pp. <l>ep~uuau.n I (~11n. BHll.\e, KOMCHT. ~o c. 44). Ce.n:iM- CeniM II -TypeQbKMH cynTaH y 1566-1574 pp. eupeae... Kinp- y 1192-1489 pp. ua Kinpi icuynano neJaJIC)KHe KoponincTno xpecToHocuia, y 1489 p. woro 6yno np11€,nHaHO ~0 BOJIO~iHb BeHeuii. y 157I p. Kinp 6ya 3anoi1onaHHH rypKaMH. 1\ti)•paa- Mypa.A III -rypeUbKHi1 cynTaH y 1574-1595 pp. MazoMeiJ- MexMe~ III- rypeUhKnw cynTaH y I 595-1603 pp. iJo OrnoMana- Mona 1'1:~e npo nHmeJra.nauoro MexMe~a III, a6o npo AxMe~a I - rypeQbKoro cynTaua y 1603-I617 pp. 6u"l Aw.ypie- naTSJK ua Acc11pi10 Ta II Kp11naai JanoJOnaHH.R.

c.79 11./ta"li €pe.,uif- ,l{MB. KOMeHT. ~0 C. I4. c. SO FeJIJUJcnmtrny- rennecnouT- cTapo.nanu.H HaJsa npoTOKH ,llap.n.auenna.


ITOKA)KqifKIMEH ()'nopRonuxu/0.

A. Mu'l&U'K, 0. 0. EojJoiJiua)

A AapoH (Enpei1J BoJHiiKin) 434 A6.n.a.Jiax (6aTbKO MaroMeTa) 946 A6JJ.a.JIJiax- .n,un. On.n.yJI A6JJ.aHKM (fa6.n.aHK11) (JJ.iM) 96, 123, 683, 845,

849 A6JJ.eJibJiaTmp (A6.n.eJihaTH(p, A6.l.I.I1JIJleTM<P) (Ka3aHChKI1ii XaH) 705, 923 A6Jiayc (A6Jia6i1'1) (roTChKMii xpoHicT) 749,

931 771, 772 Aerie (Aniric) 837 .ABrycT- JJ.I1B. CHri3MyHJJ. AnrycT .ABrycT 0KTasiaH (faii lOJiiii 0KTaniii) (nepnmii iMnepaTop PMMCbKOI iMnepii)

441,543,544,546, 738, 743, 749, 768,838, 879, 887, 903, 926, 934 AnrycTMH (en.) 463, 795,803, 938 .ABe~6eK(TYpe~bKI1HBO€Ha~aJibH11K) 785 A.neJib 802, 942 As30H c.ne~iMYC AnJOHiM MarHYC) 55, 700, 839 ABpaaM 255,258,260,542,698,802,810,812, 816,941,943 AspeJiiaH (pHMCbKMM iMnepaTop) 929 ABpeniii 551, 770 Ar AHnmaTp 604, 913

Arap 816 Ara<t>oKJI 476 AreHop 43,832 ArHeca (en.) 467 Arp1mna I ( ~ap IlaneCTHHM) 943 Ma.nHipapi III (accHpiiicbKHM ~ap) 840 A.l(aM 323, 802, 941 Me.nyur q,. 24 MHJJa-fipeii 180,181,859 MoJib<f> ra6c6ypr 554 MOJJb<J> HacaychKMH (iMnepaTop •Cs..sruteHHoi PMMCbKoi iMnepii») 469, 892

Ae~ili

836 AJaxieJJb 257 AJ6a.JJbJJ. (noJir<ano)J.eQb M11xarJia Kypona.JiaTa) 746 A36eK (Y36eK, fiiiHc a)J.-)J.MH MyxaMeJJ. 0J6er) (xaH 3oJJOTol Opl1.11) 696, 922 AJHJ-xaH 922 AJyn (Acyn) (nononeuhKHM KHHJb) 426, 885 Ai1:J06i.n.I-~

Asapiii (ryHcbKMH npanMTeJib Yrop~i-iH11)

Ara3i.H (JJ.p)')KHHa Ma30Be~bKOfO KHSI3H KoHpa.n,a) 107 AraMeMHOH 926

A.rlpiau (puMChKHH iMnepaTop) 750, 931 A,npiaH I (nana) 605, 606, 913

939, 944

AnaH ( BO~b caspoMaTin) 748, 750 AnaHII 745 Anap11x (Koponb oecTroTin) 835, 837 AneKcaH)J.p (enHcKon) 905 AneKcaH.D.P IV (nana) 11 I, 847 AneKcaH)J.p BeJJI-~KJ1H (MaKeJJ.OHChK11H) 49,

51, 74, 490,584, 690, 691, 694, 739, 741, 768, 796,805,807,811,813,815,834,835,840,848, 899,924,926,928,938,941-944 AneKC€€B M. 11. 31 AJliriH ( CI1H fepMOHTa) 309 Ani-fipeii 221 Ani-xaH (AnexaM, llluxaM) 705, 923 AnKi.!( (Antdnia.n.) 81, 842 AnJJay-xaH ( TaTapcbKI1H xaH) 814, 946 AllJ1Mic 52, 837 Anb6a (IllaMyeJJb A6y) (npasMTCJlb YroputMHH) 774, 935 Anb6a <l>epBap.no )J.e Tone.no (KHJ13b .!(e Anb6a) 557, 905 Anh6aH (co.) 541 AJlb6iH 727 Anb6oiH ( cMH AH.!(oiHa, yropcbKoro npamnen.sr) 771 Anb6pexT {Anb6epT) I forenuoJlJlepu ( OCTaHHiH npyccbi<MM MaricTp, nepWMH repuor Ilpyccii) 5, 159, 484, 485, 486, 490,

500,511,558,856,859,895,896,905 Anl>6pexT II <l>pi.!(pix foreHl(OJIJJepH (npyCCbKiil1 KHS13b, 6paH,!(eH6}'p3bKiiH MapKrpa<f>) 7, 224, 487,488,490,861,864,

865

949


llOKA)l(qJ1K IMEH Anb6pexT I AscTpiikhKI-ti1 469, 554, 5 70, 892,904 Anb6pexT II (V) fa6c6ypr ( ancTpii1chKHH iMnepaTop, yropcbKHH KOpOJJb) 142, 147, 482, 554, 778, 780, 853, 894, 904, 907, 936 Anb6pexT (KOMT}'P i3 Mei1ceHCbKoi aeMJJi) 469 AJlb6pexT i3 f,AaHCbKa (KOMT)'p xpeCTO· HOCQiB) 475 Anb6pexT, rpa<f> Pa.l(enmi1cbKMH (MapwaJJOK <l>paHQY3bKOi 3CMJJi) 199 Anbrep.A (nO€HallaJJbHI1K BiTonTa) 327 A.nhriMOHT (cHH Tpoi1HaTa) 306,326 A.nhriMYH.ZI. ( CI1H Ep.A3HDiJJa) 305 Anb,AeH6ypr ,l(iTpix <J>oH (,l(iTpix ¢oH AnbTeH6ypr) (MaricTp xpeCTOHOCQiB) 474,893 AnbJli·fipei1 717, 725 AllbJlOHa (Atma) fe)lHMHHinHa 18, 121,317, 472,872 AnbK}'JJbna (KyJJna) (xaH 3oJJoToi Op.u1-t) 696,922 .AJJhM}'C (ryHCbKHM KH.S13b) 772, 773, 776 AnbHneK RH 871 A.nb<J>OHC ( <J>epapcbKI1M KH.S13b) 222 Anb<J>OHC V (I) (HeanoJJiTaHebKI1M KOpOJJb) 557,905 AMa3a (AMaciii) (10Jlei1chKI1M ~ap) 803, 942 AMan 837 AMan11 ( roTebKHM pi.u) 837 AMaJJHK 260 AM6pOJl)l(ii1 (en.) (AMnpociii MiJJaHChimii) 134,852 AMeHxoTen II ( <J>apaoH) 938 AMiHa (MaTH MaroMeTa) 946 AMiHTa I 768, 934 AMMoHioe CaKKae 939 AM)'paT (M10p11Jl) (TaTapcbKI1M DOEHa· \laJJbHHK) 175, 219, 922 AHacTaciii I (niaaHTii1ehKI1H iMnepaTop) 746,929 AHaeTaci.SI (.upy)I(HHa OneJibKa BoJJOJJ.I1MI1· ponnqa, JlOHbi<a BacHJIH I) 881 AHacTaciH (.npy)I(I1J-ta cnyU.hKOro KHH3H CeMeHa) 359,360,362 AHJl)I(CM ( 6eJI3hKHii KawTemm) 206 AH)l)l(ei1: (6paT yropcbKOro KoponH Bna)lncJiana) 117 AHJJ.)I(ei1: TeH'll1HCbKHi1 (AHJJ.)I(CM 3 Tcll'li-1Ha) 149, 150, 246, 332 Au.u.oiH Jlauro6ap.u (yropebK11H npamiTCJib) 741 AHJJ.pii1 (AH.Apii1 rop6aTJu1) (C11H OJibrep.na) 319-321,328,409,872 AHJl.pi.H (AH.uparn, EH/\pe) I 88, 774, 775, 843, 844, 935

AH.ApiH II (yropcbKHH KOpOJib) 777, 778, 936 AHJlpii1 Ill (yropcbKHH KopoJib) 778, 936 AH)lpii1 (en.) nepn03BaHH11M!08, 110,343, 432, 491, 604, 824,847, 948 AHJlpii1 (cHH MOCKOBCbKoro KH.S13.H InaHa III Baei1JJbOJmqa) 355 AH.upoMaxa 846 AHiaHyc (en.) 770 AHHa (JlOHbKa Cnri3MYHJJ.a I i ceeTpa CHri3MYH.Aa II AnrycTa) 199, 222, 224, 278, 372 AHHa (.LJ.OHbKa Q11Jiii1cbKoro rpa<J>a BinhreJibMa, Jlpyra JJ.PY)I(HHa BJia.AHeJiana Rrai1na) 134, 139 AHHa (JlOHbKa BJiaJlHCJiana II RreJIJloHa) 781 AHHa (JlOHbKa €.nH3aneTH 36apa3bKOi y wmo6i i3 B. EanoponcbKHM) 410 AHHa (.AOHbKa Ka3HM11pa IV) 153 AHHa (JlOHbKa <l>oMH naneoJiora) 349 AHHa (Jlp}')I(HHa BiToaTa) 324, 873 AHHa (JlPY>KHHa BoJIOJli1M11pa Cn.SIToro) 403,

&JJ AHHa (en.) 474,476-478, 48D-482 AHHa ra6c6ypr (.upy)l(l1Ha Cl1ri3MYH)la III)

864 AHHa MapiH (3 EpayHwnaiira, .Apyra JlPY)I(HHa npycchKoro MaricTpa Anb6pexTa)

487 AHTeHop 750, 931 AHTiox III 887 AHTiox VI CH.ACT 943 AHTiox XIII A3iaTChKI1i1 803, 943 AnoJJJiiHapiii MoJIOJlWI1M (€nHcKon y JlaO,IJ.I1Kei) 915 ApaHiH 768 Apreall,H 934 ApreHTope~>Kml ( Eni1CKon) 198 AprOHT (KopoJih EcoTii') 249, 865 Apll.ep- fi pel 710 Ap11CTII/1, 397, 878 Ap11cTonyJI (naneeTnHChKI1i1 ~ap) 943 ApiapaT (Jl.aBilhOnepchKHil u.ap) 834 Apiac AHTOHi 384 Apii116, 557, 749, 905 ApieToTeJib 22, 528, 683, 738, 739, 899 ApKMiii I 53, 745, 838, 929 ApHOJib<fJ (niKap·iTaJJi€~h InaHa IV) 636, 644 ApoH (nepru11JI a6aT TtmeubKoro KJI.HWTOpa) 87 ApoTee 816 ApcaM (JlaBHbonepcbKHM uap) i68 ApTaKcepKe Ill 49,834 ApTaKeepKc JloHriMaH 803, 942

950


OOKA}I{l.Jl1K IMEH Apq>aKcaT 745 Ap¢6epr feHpix .ll}'JCMcp <f>on.nus . .D.peMep feHpix ApwaK (ApeaK) (nepumii nparmTCJJb nap<f>.SIHCbKOrO u,apcToa) 807, 840 ApwaKi.UH 840 Acsepyc (KopoJib CyJiaHH) 814 ACJiaM-COJJTaH 373 AccapMoT 745 Accepii<)'C (nocoJI yropcbKoro KopoJI.s~ CTe<!JaHa) 80 Accyp (Cim CHMa) 806, 944 AcTiar (Mi,niiici>KHi1 uap) 807, 945 AcTpHKac (yropcbKHi1 nocoJI .no nan11) 773,

EaH)le6eK (Ecp.uHocK) (xaH 3oJioTol OpJlM)

696,922

774 AcueJIJJiH (-c.•epHeU.b-MiHoptn) 109 AcueH (TsicKOH, AcKeHaa, AmKeHa3) 47,833

Areii 920 ATTaJI (nepraMcbKMH u.ap) 930 ATTiJia (ETeJio) 51, 252, 302,546,550,

552,596,688, 767, 769-771,835,837,870, 934 AycTpy- .AHB. CanchKa u.apHUJl AylllJIRsiyc 446 A¢aHacii1 Ben11K11i1 796, 938, 939 Axaa (IO.UCMCbKHH uap) 803, 942 AxeJibMYH.U (Hopse3bKI1H KOpOJib) 538 AxeMeHiAI1 834, 83 7, 840, 934, 940, 944, 946 Axi.Jvr (Axi.Jmec) 70,574, 735, 841, 925 AxMaT-fipei1352 AxMe.n I (TYPCUbKHi1 cyJITa.H) 826, 948 AxMe,n-qayw 181, 182, 196 AxMeT (TYPCI..\bKHH Bi311p) 785 AxMeT-ripeii 710 AxMeT-nawa 824 AqH-fipei1 - .1{118. x~)l(i-fipei1 AmaH-nama 798

696, 710, 777,847,892, 922, 923 EaTopil381 EaTopiii AH,n)f(eii ( Mono,nwHi1) 245 EaTopiii AH.z:r.iKei1 (cTapnmii) 245, 251 IiaTopii1 EaJITa3ap 245 EaTopiii KpwwTo<P ( npasHTeJib TpaHciJihBaHii, 6paT CTe<f>aHa EaTopiR) 233,

244, 862, 887 EaTopii1 Cwri3MYHA (KHJl3b TpaHciJihBaHii)

384,878 EaTopii1 CTe<flaH (noJibCbKHH xopoJib) 5,

B Ea6a MwxaH.no 332 Ea6eH6eprw 896 EasoposcbK11i1 (EanopcbKHi1) Baunas 410,

1m E<l)KHHCbKI1H.HH 894 E<l)Ki 206, 749 EaKa 195 EaKaH (TaTa.pCbKHHXaH) 182,183, 221 BaJiaKJJaii (-ra-rapcbKHH xaH) 306, 870 BaJI.zcyiH (xpHCTM.SIHCbKHH KOpOJib) 462,463 Eanu 749 EaJIHHCbKHH A;.J.aM 228 BanML\bKHH 756, 757 BanK repMaH (MaricTp Op.neHY Me'C.fo-

HOCtUB) 891 EanT33ap ()l(araHCbKHH KHR3b) 148

EatiKauau (rocpMei1cTep np11 yropcbKOMY KopoJieni AHJ(piro II) 777 fiaHq>i ,lJ.hEp.Ub 246 Eau<f>i KpmnToq> 246 fiapaHOBCbKlfll A. 918 6apaTIUICbKifii fpwropii1 661, 662 6 ap6apa (ooHa) (MaTH CHri3MYHlla AnrycTa) - .nun. IJoua (Ccpopu.a) Eap6apa (.U.OHhKa Ka3HMHpa IV) 153 Eap6apa (en.) 163, 244,384 6ap6cpiui PacpaeJib 916 6ap6orioH (rpa¢) 467 GapniH (oiH Jlerm<a III) 70 Eap,niJIYC (KH.H3b 3 naHHOHii) 768 Eap11'C.f feHpiK (nOJibCbKHii .nocni,nHHK) 873 GapKJiai1HoraHri 19 6apoHii1 U.eaap (xpoHicT) 914 EapcaH 210 I>apTo (cHH Bdi.nenyra) 449, 452, 869,888 EapTow a BmneM6ypra 131 6acapa6 I (saJiaCbKHii rocno.nap) 752, 931 EacMaHOB neTpo 677 I>acMaHos <l>e.nip 630 EaTH-fipei1 354, 355, 363 EaTHH (I>ary-xaH) 18, 108, 109,304,305,695,

7-11, 19, 185, 194,219, 222-224,228, 234, 238, 249, 250, 252, 253, 298, 345, 346, 381, 382,384,410, 422,430,461,503,516,536, 573, 574,587. 665, 762, 859-863, 868, 887, 890,933 EaJ~aeT (oaH3M,n) /(TYPe~bKidi cyJITaH) 821, 822,947 EaJ~3eT (oaJ13H,n) II (rype~&KMii cy;rraH) 179, 327,346,348,353,363, 426, 710, 711, 825, 852,859,873,885,923,948 BeaTa (.noHhKa CH~WiiHCbKoro Kopons) 781 Iie6eK &i<iHa 246 Eeri-fipei1 710 DCK€W 234 Een (npasHTeJib Acc11pii) 806, 807 6eJia (noeHa\faJibHHK MewKa II) 84 IieJia (KopOJib KiMopiu) 301

951


IIOKA)I(l.JI1K IMEH Eena I (yropcbKHH KH$13b) 88, 775,843, 844, 935 l>ena II CJiinuii (yropcbKHH Koponb) 766, 935 Eena III (yropcbKMH Koponb) 777, 936 Eena IV (yropcbKMH KOpOJib) 107,111, 777, 846,936 bCJJ)KCI..{bKHH JIH 239 Ee.JI)KCI..{bKi 206, 410 Een3a Mapl..{iH 150 EeniK (reTbMaH MaTiama) 343 EeJiicc (E.niwa) 52, 837 OeJib,ZI.OBCbKI1H 172 EeH,ZI.eKYKH 769 EeHe,ZI.HKT (nana) 773, 935 EeHe,ZI.HKT II (nana) 475, 893 EeHe,ZI.MKTV (nana) 935 EeHe,ZI.HKT VI (nana) 935 EeHe,ZI.nKT VII (nana) 935 EeHe,ZI.MKT IX <l>eo<}>iJiaKT 85, 843 EeHe,ZI.nKT XII (nana) 475, 893 EeHe,ZI.HKT HypciwcbKUH (ca.) 83, 87, 90, 111, 534,847 EeH~OBChKMH JianpeHTii1 536 Eep,ZI.M6eK - .D.HB. EaH,ZI.e6eK Eepio (roTChKHH KopOJib) 749 EepHap.ll. (en.) 14 7, 546, 854 EepHaT OJieCHMI..{hKHH 133 EepHaT ll1TaM6apchKHI1 148 Eepoc 47, 833 EepTOJib.U. (EepTOJib,ZI.)'C) ( UHCTepiaHCbKMH a6aT) 500 Eecry)Ken-ProMiH 22 EeTCJib feHpix (npyccbKHI1 Maprna.JioK) 467 EeTMaH CenepMH (KpaKiBCbt<l1H paiii..{.R) 363 EeTcy6yJI (ToxTaMHIU) (TaTapcbKHi1 xan) 139 D€JI.RBCbKH11 186, 242 o€JibChKI1~i (EiJihChKI1i1) I>on.I.aii 665, 909, 910, 9I7 o€JlhChK11H HoaxJ.1M II, I3, 20, 22, 38I, 839, 840, 847, 852 D€JihChKJ.111 Mapl..{iH 1I, 13, I4, 20, 22, 24, 31, 16I, 188,349,589, 839-841,846-848,850,852857,860,874,876, 911,929 o€pMaHChKHii Mapuin 248 D€XOBChKI1H TieTpo (nOJibChK1111rnmlxTH4) 652,653 nJuJa 567 E11Jii11a 241 Ei6paK 207, 208 Ginoii (40JIOBiK Karni (Ka3i)) 561 EiJICI.I,hKJ111 766

EiJmw CTaHicJiaB (TpOI..{bKHH KawTe.JIRH) 352 EiJibCbKMM 379 EipHiK 231,232 Eipyn.R (Ko3aK 3 HM3)') 174, 175, 177, 430 Ene,ZI.OBCbKHM 241 DJIOHJJ.)'C (EJIOHJJ.)'C <I>naai.H) 53, 837 Eo6onel..{bKMH (CJiyra I. lliJJ.KOBM) 431, 432 EorJJ,aH ( CMH JlelllKa III) 70 EorJJ,aH fp11ropi.H 175 Eor,ZI.aH II (MOJI,ZI.aBChKHH rocnoJJ,ap) 146, 147, 753, 854, 932 EorJJ,aH III (MOJI,ZI.aBChK11H rocno,ZI.ap) 754756,932 EorJJ,aH JienywHRHY ( CMH OneKCaHJJ,pa, MOJI,ZI.aBChKI1H rocnoJJ,ap) 185, 186, 190-192, I94, 210, 760, 761,860,933 Eor,ZI.aHKO (Ko3al..{bKMH BO)K.ll.b) 221 Eor,ZI.aHOB A. 33 EorOMOJICI..{h <I>paHI..{iweK 20, 31 Eoryl..{hKI1if 219 DO)KC3,ZI.a)KM 683 EoKiii 432 (WJI.RXTM"-1 a BoJIMHi) EoJieCJiaB (KaJiiChKMH KHH3b) 120 EoneCJiaB ( ononbCbK1111 KH.R3b) 120, 263 EoJieCJiaB ( CI1H Bai..{Jlasa) 275 EoJiecnaa ( CMH JiewKa III) 70 EoJiecnas (cKoTancbKI1i1 KH.Rab) 115 EoJiecnas I Xopo6p11i1 ( CMH Me'4MCJiasa i ,ll,y6pOBKM) I8, 8G-83, 86, 89,269,401,403, 442,458,490,491,683,841- 843,879,888,890, 907 Eonecnan II CMiJIImHii (cHH Kaai.fMMpa I) 87, 88- 90, I 16, 403, 458, 459, 843, 844, 880 EonecnaR III Kpi-moycTMH ( CMH BJiaAHCJiasa repMaHa i IO,ZI.11T11) 12, 90-100,263,275, 459, 844-846 EoJiecJian IV Kyqep.Rnn.H (c11H EoJieCJiana Kp11BoycToro) 98, 100, 101, 103,104,275, 337, 459,846 EoJ1ecnan V CopoM'.st3JII1BHi1 (Tiy.ll.MKYC, Tiy.D.I1K) I2, 106- 111,262,307,427,465-468, 710, 777,846, 847,850,870,885,891 EonecJian I fpi3Hm1 ( '4CChKMH KopOJib, CMH BpaTHcnana) 79, 569,570, 842, 906 EoJiccnan II I>naro'4eCTJtDI1H (MMJIOCTUBHH) (t.ICCbKI1if KIUI3h) 82,570, 841,843, 906 EoJiecJian III Py.L\1111 ('4eChKHM KOpOJib) 570, 906 EoJiccnau IV (Ma3oae~bKI1M KHH3b, 6paT KoHpa,z.(a) I 15, 145,337,570, 854, 874, 907 EoJiecnan CnH~HnUbKHrl I23 EoHa (Cqwpl..{a) (Apyra .ll.P}')KHHa Curi3M)'H~a I, MaTH Cl1ri3M)'H.ll.a AnrycTa) 6, 23, I 59, 350,368,417,486,856,877 I>ouap11 206

952


n0

K A )K 'lJ 11 K I M E H o ypxaplt it 33 EycipM/.t (Eycipic) 664, 917 E)'Tan (c1 1H Om,rcpJla) 319, 409 EyrypniH Bac Mnii-i I 77, 850 I>y... au,bKJtii- /\11n. TnoponchKHi-f-EyqaU.bKMii M u KOJJaW Ey~~<U.\hKI1~i Bapq>onoMiii 147,338, 854 I>y'-laJ.\hl<Mi1 MMxai1no 332, 335, 753, 764 D)'ll<.ll{I>Ki 331, 333

ooHicpa•liii (€n iiCKon) 541 EoHiqnu.t iillX (nana) 4 77. 478, 893 EoH.HK (noJJOBCU.bKni1 KII.H3b) 426 EopaTnHCbKnii Au.npil'i 369 EopaTnHCoKuii InaH 370 Eop>KlmOi~ (C11Ii rocTJmi-ra) 568.569, 907 Eop>t<:Hnoii II (qecbKuii Kopollb) 93, 94, 570,

845,907 EopJ.-tc (KHSI3b noJJOU.bKnii) 129, 305, 306,

851, 870 Bop11c (llllTOBCbKm1 KHH3b, 6paT Bna.nHCJJana Jlraiina ) 129, 131, 319, 409 EopJ.-tc (en.) 306 Eopnc (CI-fH BOJJO)J.I-Il\111pa co~ITOro, HonropO.D.CbK11W KHH3b) 403 oopKyc (fiopKym) (om nancMOHa) 303,

.Gstninn 683 IistJI06:iKeCbKHi1 Mapi.\iu 245, 246

B Ba.n,niLd 683

EoryJJJ1LJ.bKHH neTpo 246 EottKaii €)f(iHa 246 EpaH,n r e pMaH (MaricTp xpecTOHOcu.in) 464 EpaH.n Ce6acTi.st:H (HiMeLJ.bKHH xpoHicT) 441 EpaH)J.T (Kap.nJ.-tHaJI3 nJJaLJ.CHTI-1) 139 EpaHKOBH'-1 reopriii- )J.HB. lp)f(HK EpaTHCJJaa (6paT CniTHrHena) - .D.HB. Ep>KCTHCJJ3D II Ep>KeTJ.-tCJJaB (EpeTHCJJan, Epan-rcJJan) I {'-lCCbl<l-iH KOpOllb) 84, 86, 570, 843, 906 Ep>KeTHCJJaa II (EpeTHCJJan, CHH BpaTHcJJaaa, '-lCCbKHH KOpOJJb) 87, 90, 91,570, 843,

Baep 233, 234 Ba€p 674 BaJa 839, 897 Bai1Aa .51Hym (yropcbKl-i:H KopoJJenH'-1, CCMHrOpO.lJ.ChKI-tM BO€OO.D.a) 167, 557 Bawep EpHeCT 459,514 Baik250 BaJ1Lt3ay JIJO.D.Olll>¢ KeHir cpoH (MaricTp xpeCTOHOCU.iB) 475, 893 B aJJCHT (BaJJeHTmtiaH I) 749, 931 BaJJeHT ( erHneTCbKHM rHOCTHK) 915 BaJJepiaH (siJJeHCbKHi1 enHcKon) 309,382 B aJJepiaH (THpaH) 628 BaJJepo.nyc KoHpa,a. (KoHpa.D. cpoH BaJJeHpo.n, KoHpa.n cpoH BaJJbno.nbT) (MaricTp xpecToHocu.ia) 324, 477, 873, 893 BaJJya 195, 860 BaJJya MaprapHTa 198, 860 BaJJbraTa 780 BaJJbJJ:eMap I BeJIHKHH ( KopoJJb .D:aHii) 539,

844,907

901

:SpcHH (EpeHH}'C) 742, 835, 928 EpecT Ky.st:nChKHH 224 EpexyHeHKO B. A. 28 Ep11ri,na (en.) ·134, 140,852 EporH683 BporJJOBChKi 479 :SpoHeBCbKHM 239 EpoHenchKHH OnlHiCJJan 381, 759 EpOHb08CbKI1H 191 Bpy,nJHHCbKHH Bowu.ex 357 BpyTeH}'C- )J.HB. np}'TeH}'C Ep10reHay BeHeMap cJ>oH (iH<j>JJHH.lJ.CbKHH Maricrp) 873 Ey6ap-ripei 710 EyrapcbKHM Boi1u.ex 653 EyJJ.a (6paT ATTim-r) 771 B}'>KHHCbKHH €pmtiM 206 ByJJaT 6.52 Eym1Koo Ioau 6.58 BypHaw (nnpcbKHM xaH) 3.54

BaJJb.lJ.CMap IV ATTep.nax (KopoJJb ~aHii)

304,870 EopHcMica 238,239 EopyxoucbKHH .Hn 246 Eop.st:K reHHa,a.iii 28 ooTepo )l>KonaHHi (iTaJJiiki>Kni1 xpoHicT)

22

849 BaJJbnOJJbT KoHpa.n ¢oH- JJ:HB. BaJJeHpo.n KoHpa.n BaH.na (.nOHbKa KpaKa) 17, 63-66, 193, 839 Bau.nan(BaH.naJI}'c)54 745,837 BaH,nanapii:. 837 BaHK (MaJoneu,bKJ1H KHH3b) 472 BanoecbKl1i1 355 BanoBCbKHW AH.n)f(ew 206 BanoBCbKHM EepHap.n 10, 22, 24,329,409,

.590, 874,885, 911, 913, 929 BanOJJbT reHpix cJ>oH (MaricTp xpecToHOCQiB) 463, 464 Bapoapa (ca.) 491 B apMo ( CHH Bew.nes}'Ta) 449, 453 Bapc11yc 3 MixaJioaa 133, 328 BapcJ>onoMH:i (co.) 82,412,884 BapweBHQbKUif 822 Bapwo (KpaKiBCbKHH KawreJutu) 112

953


llOKA)KqHK IMEH BapmooQi (J.(iM) 95 BacH.IliH Be.n.I1KiiH (co.) 412, 588, 884 Bac11nil% )1,11M11TpooH'l 647, 648 Bac11nil% II Eonrapo6ieQb (Bi3aHTii1CbKI1H iMnepaTop) 403, 890 Bacuniw Pornono}.(- J.(HB. Poroono}.( Ba· CH.IliH BacMJJiH CTenaHOBH'l ( ceKpeTap loaHa IV)

BeHeAyr- J.(HB. Bei:i}.(eoyr BeHeT MHKonaw 3 JicnnH 1 76 BeH>KHKI1 683 BenHBH 683 BeHHD'II-tKRH MeH>KHK 333 Bep Jlyl.liii 544, 903 Beprinii1 22, 203, 688, 694, 738, 811, 921 BepHai.(CbKI1i:f B. 28, 30 BepneK 3 PHHHa (KpaKiBCbKm1 >KHTenb)

658 Bacunb ( cMoneHCbKMH cTapocTa) 134 BacJiJib I (oeni1KI1H KHH3b MOCKOBCbKHi:f)

124 BepoHi (MOJI.Il.aocbKI1H reTbMaH) 215 BecnaciaH (AaBHbOpi1MCbKHi1 iMnepaTop, pOJ.(OHa'laJJbHHK JlMHaCTii cJ>Jlaoiio) 803,

134,326-329,852,873,881 BacHJJb II CninHH ( oem1Km'1 KHR3b Moe· KODCbKHH) 874 BacHJib IIIIoaHOB11'l (om IoaHa III) 24, 158,

942 BecTanii1 55 BeJibT6po.l{ (co.) 541 BepHeK 241 BeTop r. 9 BH6paHOBCbK1111 241 BHrOBCbKHi1,lJ,aHHJIO 850 BH>Kra CTaHiCJiao 188 B11po6illl AHJ.(>Kei:f (rronbCbKI1H icTopHK) BHpo6ocnaB(lllJIHXTH'l)468 BHCHME>K ( cnu JlelllKa III) 70 BncKooaTHH IoaH 655,657,659, 916,917 BncKonaTml TpeTRK 651 B11CJ1I1i1 (BncXJini1, MHCOEA) KocTHHT11H CeMeHODii'l 637, 652,916 BnlllHM11p 60, 61, 193 BHlllHCBCUbKHM 242 BHrnHenCQbKHi:f 1\lJ.aM 246, 667, 670, 864,

164,355,360,367,370,577,582,583,585, 595,626,627,678,696, 704-706, 710,855, 876, 908, 910, 916, 921, 923 BacJUib Kopn6yrooii'l 410 Baclillb KocTRHTHHODH'l 695, 921 Bau.eK 94 Bai.:VIao (BR'lecnaa) I CoHTHi1 ( 'leCbKHH KHH3b) 79,262,563,569,842, 906 BaLV•as (iMnepaTop «CB~m~eHHOi PHMCbKOi iMnepii») 477, 478, 554, 893 Bai.:VIao (nerHHU.bKiil1 KHH3b) 126, 850 Bai.:VIaB (om Co6ecnaoa) 570 Bai.:VIao ( CI1H R pocnana CaHTonoJIKOBH'la)

403 Bai.:VIao (T€llli1HCbKm1 KHH3b) 144 Bau.naB I (III) ( c11u 0ToKapa, 'leCbK11M KHH3b) 570, 907 Ball.Jlao II ( 'lCChKHH Kopollb) 117- 119, 128,

5

917, 918 BHlllHeneu~>KHii ,lJ,MHTpo

167, 168, 429, 430,

194,848,851,907

726,857,886

Bai.:VIao III {'lecbKI1H KHR3b) 907 Bau.nao IV ('leCbKHH Koponb) 128,851,

BiilllHcocubKHi1 KocTHHTHH IBaHOBH'l 175,

907

BnlllHeneuhKHii Muxai1;IO 237, 365, 430, 765,

Ball.Jlao PHcTHHUbKHii 152 Be)K6eHTa Maueii 9 Bei1.a.eoyT (Bcl1.ucnyryc JlcTaJJRH, BeueJI.yT) (npyCCbK11i1 KIISI3b) 12, 17, 301, 443, 447 449,

766, 863, 886, 933

457, 869, 888 Be-'1-ara-nallla ( KOMaH.nyna 'l .HHH 'lap) 714 BeJrecnaniH .ll.auicJib 1\lJ.aM 10 BeJIH'lKO CaMii1no (yKpaiHCbKHif niTonuceuh) 21, 33 Beni3apil1 49, 835 Benuqm (6aoapcbKi i caKCOHChl<i repuor11)

905 BeJihHMiHOBI1 (noeBOJJ.11) 176 Be1-1ray3 MapTiH Toi1cec ¢oH (MapTiH Tpyx3ec cpoH Beurunty:lcu) (npyccbi<HH MaricTp) 484, 894 BeurniHChKI1H 758

667,859, 918

Bl1lllllenci.(htmi1 OncKCaHAP (reTbMaH BiiichKa 3anopo3bi<Oro, 'lepKaCbKl1H CTapocTa) 430,864,886 BHwHeBeUbKHH 5IpeMa 933 BuumcncuhKi (KIUI3i) 365, 409, 410, 681,

765,883,919 BmuHCDCbKHii M. 11 BiriJiii1 (nana) 606 BiryHJ.l. ( cnH 0Jihrep;-~.a) 319, 409 Bi3ccnana (.npy>KnHa 6oJiecnana CMinnsoro) 88 BiKiH.A (cnH Motnuina) 304 BiKTOP (p11MCbKI1Jv[ KHS13b) 551 BiJJbfCJibM (iMnep;nop) - npam1 'lhHillle Pi4apA KopH}'CJlhCbKaii BiJibrCJJbM (uunii1Cl>KIIii 1paq>) 134

954


nOKA)KYI1K IMEH BJia)J.J.JCJian (Ynacno) II ( 4CCbKHH Ta yropCi>KHM I<OpOJib) 153-155, 159, 358, 367,

BiJibfCJlbM rauc6ypr ( <lBCTpi iiCbKIIIl Kll513b)

130,851 BiJihfCJibM III (6auapchKIIii npanHTCJib) 853 BiH~uKa (cTapocTa Ha rnnmmax) 337 BiHTepwTe,!J,T WenK cpoH (np)CChKnii MaricTp) (<l>onblmiu) 891 BiH~CHT (fli€3llCIICbKHli apxi€11HCKOn) J45 BiHI..{CHTiii (nOJihCbKIIJt UO€BOJJ.a) 131 BiH~CHTiii 3 lliaMOT)'JI (p)'ChK1111 cTapocTa)

752,932 Bna,D.IICJian II 5lrt::JJJIOH (Y;Iacno II) (4CCbKHi1 Ta yropchK~tii Koponb) 150, 151,342,570, 781,85~875,90~907,936 B;Ia~uc;mn

334,335

3/Q-313, 317,470,471,848,870 BiTOBT (BiTOJihJJ., nnToncbKni1 KH.H3b, 6paT BJIMHCJianaRraltna) 18, 127, 131-139,146,

285,319-322,324-334,336,351,366,386, 409,419,425,477-480,586,589,603,695, 696, 710, 727.850,852,872,875, 910, 911, 913, 921, 922 BJIMHDOii (4CCbKIIH KH.H3b) 906 BJIMHKa OneKcaH.np (nocon) 182 BJIMHCJian ( CI1H JlernKa III) 70 BiT {en.) 534, 569, 744 BJia)J.HCJias (Jlacno) I Cn.snui1 (yropcbKHM KOpOJib) 775, 776, 844, 922, 935

907

Boi1Ha (ni)J.cKap6ii1 BeJJHKoro KH.H3incTna JlHTOBCbKOfO) 236 Boi1Ha (poTMicTp sii1cbKa PoMaHa KoumpcbKOro) 176 Boi1Qex (rH€3HeHCbKHi1 apxi€nHCKon) 139 Bo:tn.{ex (KpaKiBChKHH nii1T) 120 Boi1Qex (ca.) 81, 82, 139, 142, 147, 149, 269,

II (yropcbKHM KopoJib)

776,935 BJia)J.HCJian (Jlacno)

(lu;~ p)I<11X)

1·1" 854 BJI<l/l,IICJJau OnoJibChKHi-1 123, 124, I 2Y, 132, 850 B;ta11ItCJian II )J.paKyna ( rocno~a p Banaxi"i) 144, 752,853, 932 BJJU/],UCJJan norpo6oK 570, 907 BnacTa ( cnpKmuviJI i6yrui) 5 63-567 13naCb€B Aqlauacill 27, 667, 668, 918 13;to,ueK Maueii 75 7 Bno)J.3iM€.>K (KpaKincbK11i1 BO€DOJJ.a) JOB BJIOCTOBCbKHll .n3€.>KCK 333 Bo€H (CHH MHaTn) 567 BoiiJJ.aT (niH KeticT}'Ta) 319, 409 Boi1)J.HJIO (wnarep .Hrai1na) 319, 872

BicJiao 70 BiTaJiiM (co.) 178, 364 BiTCHb (JIIITOBCbKHii KB.H3b) 17, 117, 303,

BJiaJJ.HCJian (Jlacno)

III

Bmv~uCJian I (MaJonellhKHi1 KIHf3h)

III (yropcbK1111 KOpOJib)

424, 440, 457, 458, 467, 474, 541,563, 773,

777, 936

842,890

BJia)J.HCJian (JlaCJio) IV Kyn (DoJIOBCQb) (yropcbKHH KopoJib) Ill, 117, 777, 84 7, 848,

BoifmeJIK ( cuH JIMTOBCbKoro KHR3H MeHAOB-

936

BoJIOBMti 0cTa<l>ii1 237, 246 Bonon114i 483 BonoAap(BonoJJ.op)PocTMCJiaBOBMti (nepeMMCbKJ1H KHR3b) 845,852 Bono.n,MMHP (noJIMHChKMH KHR3b) 314 Bono.n,MMHP (pycbKMH KHR3b) 104 BoJIOAMMHP BonoAoponM'I ( CMH Bono,D,opa, nepeMMChKOfO KHR3R) 845 BoJJOAMM.Hp Bcenono.nonMti (MouoMax) 880,

BJia)J.JiCJian (JlaCJio, ByJiaCJian) (JiereH.napHHi1yropcbKHi1 repoi1) 696, 922 BJia)J.HCJian ( CHH CHri3MYH.lla III, Mai16yrHii1 KopoJib Pet~i DocnoJIHToi Bn~MCJiaB IV)

261 Bn~HCJias I (t~CCbKMH KopoJib)

570, 907

Bn~HCJian

II (t~CCbKHi1 KOpOJib) 570, 906 BJI~HCJiaB I repMaH ( CMH Ka3MMMpa I) 87,

ra) 114,308, 871

89-93,275,343-345, 459,844

885

Bna)J.HCJian II BHrHaHeU.b ( CMH EonecJJana KpHnoycToro) 33, 96, 98-101,845 BJiaJJ.HCJian JloKOTOK 115-121, 194, 263, 312,

BoJJOJI.MMHp OJibrepAOBWi (KMiBCbi<MH KHR3b) 322,326,409 BoJJOAMMHp CnHTMi1 (BoJJOAMMHp CnRToCJiaBHti, BoJIOAHMHp BenMKHH) 86, 355, 402,

315,317, 459, 469, 47Q-474, 672, 673, 683, 848,850,871,892, 919 BJJattMCJJan II .Hraiino ( .Hrenno) 12, 18, 12 7, 129-135,137-141, 146, 157,194,222,263, 319-332,334-336,387,406,409,425,477482, 584, 586, 589, 710, 778, 85Q-852, 872

403, 582, 603, 604, 611, 612, 843, 870, 876, 880, 915,924 BoJIOAMMMp IOpiiionH'l-1 ( CHH noJIOAHMMpcbKoro KHH3HIOpiS1 BcenoJJOAOBM'ia)

921

BnattMCJia» (III) BapHeH•utK (YJJacno I) (DOJJbCbKMH Ta yropCbKI1H KOpOJJb) 13,

Bonoxona (6oRp11HSJ, «MaMKa» ):lHMl·iTpin)

14Q-145, 329,335,337,557, 778-780,822, 853,854, 874, 905, 936, 947

BOJJJI (JJMTOBCbKMH llUUIXTHl-1) 483 BonLriMiHCbKHH 238

917

955


llOKA)Kl.JHK IMEH fapwuanon (nonone~bKHH KJUI3b) 426,

BoJihKBiH -.nun. <l>oJibKBiH BoJibCbKMH MJ-rKoJiaii 8, 248, 437,864 BoJibCbKMH CTaHiCJian 186-188 Bonb<t> 10. 880 Bonh<t>paM Jlu 150 BoHTpo6Ka CTaniCJiaB ( cou.ne~bKmi KaWTCJISIH) 342 Bopoue~b BacMJib 232 Bopoue~bKi

885 racau-nawa 785 racau-qayw 182 racceHKaMn P. 5 faTO (MaHH~bKHH KHH3b) 546 fay.neu~iyc (rH€3HCHChKHH apxienHCKOn)

81

410, 883

faYT (fanT) 837 fawTOJib.U. (noeua\laJibH111< BKJI) 313, 370 faWTOJib.l( 0Jib6paXT 355 faWTOJI h.l(H 302, 305

BopoTHHCbKHH I. P. 919 BopoTMHChKi 408 BpaTI-tCJias (EpaTJ1cJian) (CHH Eop>KMBOH)

568, 569, 906 BpaTHCJiaB II -,AM B. op)KeTHCJiaB II Bceaono.n(KHH3b) 104

faH 928 fnaHhiHi AM6po.n)Ko 6, 421 fnaubiHi AM6po.n>Ko ,u.e Pi~~oui 6, 7 fnaHhiHi Knapa 6 fnaubiui OneKcaH.np (Aneccau.npo) 5-33,

BcenoJio,n ( CHH BoJIO.U.HMHpa CnHToro, BOJIO,AMMHpCbKMH KHH3b) 403 Bceaono,u. OnhrOBJ-t\1 885 BcenoJio,n IOpiiioaH\1 ( CHH noJio,nHMHpcbKoro KH.R3H IOpiH BceaoJio,nonH\Ia) 921 BcenoJio,u. .HpoCJiaDH\1 (nepeHCJiaDCbKHH KH.R3b) 403,880 ByJiacJian - ,AHB. BJia,u.HCJiaB (JiaCJio) B.RaeMCbKHH A<PauaciH: 640, 644, 645, 658,

35, 39, 299,399, 439, 497,529,575, 689,831836, 838- 842, 846-848, 852- 855, 859, 860,863, 865,868- 872,874,875,877- 892,895-919,921, 922,924-932,934-947 fBaHbiHi <l>paH\ICCKa 6 fno3,u.i635 fB03.l(bAHllpii1 635, 636 f.nernHHCbKMH 764 fe,u.eou (KpaKiBCbKHH €nMCKOn) 103 fe.neoH (Jiereu.napuuii TaTapcbKMH BO)K,IJ.b)

916 BHTKO 402, 879 BH\IeCJiaa ( CMH BoJIO.U.MMHpa Cn.RTOro, HOBrOpO,ACbKHH KH.R3b) 403

694

r fa6paraiM (16pariM) (Ka3aHCbKHH xau) 705,

fe.l(COH (nJIO~bKHH €nHCKOn) 465 fe.neou 260 fe,nHMiH (BCJIHKHH KH.R3bJII1TOBCbK11H) 17,

18, 119, 121,303,312-318, 390,409,410,471, 472,848,850,857,870,872,883 fe.l(MMiHOBH\Ii 17, 850

923 fa6pieJih (rpa<t> 3 Teu'lmua) 155 fa6c6ypn-r14, 15, 23,853,895,936 fanpHIJI (MOJI,nanChKHH JIOrocpcT) 185 fa3i-ripei1 I 878 faJIH~bKHH CTaHiCJian 371 faJiiu,u.o (om Beii,u.cnYTa) 449, 452, 869, 888 faJIJI AuouiM (npn,u.oopumi xpouicT EoJieCJiasai)841,890 faJIJIIOC (ca.) 315 faJIHTOBCbKMH HOaiU'IKiH 21 faMpaT DeTpo (KpaKiBCbKHi1 em-rcKon) 380 faMpaTH 749 faHHi6aJI (MOJI.l(aBaHHH) 766 fauui6aJI 98, 440, 846, 887 fauc 3 KeJibHa 228 fapaJia,!J.HCJiaB 142 fapa6yp.u.a MHxaiiJio 231, 233, 242, 862 f apaJibli. I fopc:parep (uopne3hKI1H Koponb)

fe.U.pHJIO(JIHTB11H)469 fe.npoii~i

309,310,348

fe.npyc (fe.u.poii~b) (cuu Tpa6yca) 309 re.upyc (3S1Tb KyKYnO~fTa) 306 fei13a (fe3a) (KHH3h Yrop~HHM) 773, 775,

776, 935 fe3a I (yropcbKHH KJUI3b, CHH EeJIH I) 844,

935 fei13a (fe3a) Ill (II) (yropCbKMH KOpOJib)

776,935 fei<Top 98,387, 759,846 rcKY6a 846 feniora6aJI (,naBHb0p11MCbKI1H iMnepaTop)

664,917 feJiicc 745 feJib.U.BYCHCbKHH (rpa¢, MaricTp xpeCTOHOC~iB)

901 fapHHKH 749 fapHHilli 749 rapTKHOX XpHCTo<f>op (HiMe~bKHH icTop11K Ta IOpHCT) 19

456

feJib,llpiHr rapTMaH <IJOH (fapTMaH cpOH feJib.l(pyureu) (MaricTp xpecTouoc~is) 468,

892 feHepap,nyc (CaKCOHCbKMii IllJIHXTII\1) 466

956


llOKA)I{'lJHK IMEH fcnpiK (feu pix Au:>KyiicbKH~I ( Ba.nya)) 194-

199, 202, 204, 209, 210, 21 9, 222, 223, 230, 381, 859, 860, 878 fcHpiK (6paT fioneCJJaoa Ky•1cp~ooro) 102,

104 feHpiK (JlCI'HllUbKHii KHH3b) 115 feHpiK I Bopo,.l).antii (apounanchKJAii KIIH3h)

106,107,847 feHpiK II TioGo:>KHnii (qo;IoniK cu. JI.n.uiru) 107-109, 847 feHpiK III Tipo6yc 114-117, 469, 848, 892 feHpiK V 3aniJHHH (KHH3b :>KaraHCbKilli i fJIOfiBCbK•1il) 120,850 feupix (ciJie3bKI1H KHH3b) 467 feHpix (KOMT)'p 3 ilJJOIJ,hKa) 469 feHpix (npyccbKHi1 Mapma.noK) 308,316,

fep6ypT MiKnow 129 fcp6ypT Cenep111-1 757 fepGypT <l>pi)J.pix 129, 371 fep6ypT 5IH (CHHOUbKHH KalUTemm) 197 fep6ypT11 129,206,371, 749 fepiou 671, 918 fcpMaH 3 EJJb6noura (t<OMTYP xpecToHocuin) 475 fcpMaHOBCbKHi1. flaBJlO 229 repMOHT ( CHH CniHTOpora) 309 r epOJJ;OT (faJiiKapH<lCbKHi1) 22, 48, 417, 523,

834, 837, 920, 921, 930 fepce lmTBaH Jlerri )J.C (uapOH Ha lilpoooni) 434 fCpCH)'3CH f eupix (iiHt)JlHH,llCbKI1H Maricrp)

467

872

fepTpylla ()J.py:>KnHa yropcbi<OI'O Kopon.SI AH)J.piH II) 777 fepTp)')J.a (en.) 485 fecTiM}'JIIOC (CHH XOpUaTCbKOfO KOpOJJ.SI)

feHpix (CJAH Eonecnana Kp11noycToro) 99, ]()()

feHpix (o1H Ma3oneUhKoro KH~3H CeMOnHTa) 325 feHpix IV Eyp6oH (¢paHU)'3bKI1i1 Koponb)

569

8fJ)

feHpix I (iMnepaTop <<CBH~eHHOI PI1MCbKoi iMnepii») 554, 904 feHpix III (iMnepaTop «Cn~~eHHOi P~-tMCbKOi iMnepii••) 85, 774, 843, 860, 935 feHpix IV (iMnepaTop «Cu~~eHHOi P11MCbKoi iMnepih) 90, 94, 95, 844, 845 feHpix V (iMnepaTop «CBSI~CHHOi P~-tMCb­ KOi iMnepii>>) 845 feHpix VI lliTay<fleH (iMnepaTop ccCBSIIUeHHOi PHMCbKOi iMnepii>>) 463, 891 feHpix VII JIIOKceM6ypabKm1 (iMnepaTop <<CBHIUCHHoi PHMCbKOi iMnepii») 469, 893 feHpix E.1Jb6JJOH3bK11H145 f eHpix I CaKCOHCbKHi1538, 541,556, 901, 902 feHpix IV (HiMCll.bK11i1 Koponb) 88, 843 feHpix Xop)'TaHCbKHi1 (t~ecbKHi1 KHSiah)

fCCTiyc <f>epcHU (DO€HattaTJbHI1K CCMI1rOpO,nCbKOrO KIU!3S1) 791 f€ccyc Baoro.nyc 791 fHJiiMep (feniMcp) 50, 835 f~-tpKaC (Mar.n.e6yp3bKHH WJISIXTI1t1) 467 ri6}'T ( CHH KyHoma) 304 fi.n.acn (ficTacn) (.uaBHbonepcbKMH uap)

768,934

feopr <l>pi.npix (6paH)J.eH6ypabKHi1 MapKrpa¢) 246,251, 864,865 feoprii1 (l.nai,l0pii1) (en.) 136, 201, 262,

fiiK11UbKl1H 228 fiJ !I.e (repuor) 207 fi3)'Jib<fl (iTaJJiMCbK1111: KOpOJJb) 772 finb.n.erap.nic (naHHa-t~epn~-tUR) 546 finbceH Po6epT 506 fiHain (feopril1) (cMH MiHrafula) 305, 306 fiH.llCJib 237 fiHKa a Por01~a 134 fiHK11 749 fne6onHt~ MHKonai1 351 fnc60DI1tl .HH 247 fJJ~-tHCbKa OJJeHa 855, 856 fJJHHCbKHH Bac~-tJJb 348, 359, 360, 367 fnHHChKHH M11xa~mo I 8, 157, 348, 356-362.

352, 384, 406, 467, 767

365,367,585, 855, 876, 910

feopriila Eenaa (6enahKI1i1 HaMicH11K) 127 feopriif .HpoCJJaBHtJ: 403,404 f epaKJJi,n (fepaKJii)J.eC .l(ecnOT) 7, 155 fepaKJJiT 22,688 fepap.n 775 fep6epw-rai1H CHri3M}'H.n (ancrpii1CbKI1H )J.11llJJOMaT i MeMyapHCT) 1J, 23-26, 28, 33,

fni6 (en., cnH Bono,nHMupa CBSIToro) 306,

570,907

612,664, 694, 907-916, 919 fep6YJ>T Ball.JlaB 129 f ep6yt>T i3 )],ae,n3HJIOBa ( pOTMicTp) 229 fep6YJ>TMHKOJJaH 186-191, 762

403 fni6 (cHH Bac11ni.H Pornono.na) 306 fni6 (CMOJJeHCbKHH KHR3b) 326 rnonaq .HH 3 Eorywa 133, 328 fJJOBiHCbKI1H)],3€p1KeK 349 fJI)'XOBCbKHH JIH JJ-13, 22 fHEBOM11p (nOMOpCbKHH KHH3b) 94, 95, 845 fH€BOWeB 228 fHOiHCbKHH JlenapT 374, 375 rorro (CHH Bei1)J.en)'Ta) 449. 454

957


llOKA)I{lJMK IMEH foreHJIOe reHpix <f>oH (MaricTp xpecTOHOCL\iB) 892 foreHnoe foT<}>pi.A <}>oH (MaricTp xpecToHoCJ..do)- ,AI-18. fOJIOX roT<f>pi.A <f>oH 892 foreHWTa}'<f>ei-JH 905 fo,A3aM6H 683 fOJ()'JUI 683 foJ()'HOD Eop11c 13, 665-667, 677, 681, 917-

fpa6' HHKa fp11ropii1 (yKpaiHcbK1111 JiiTonuce~b)

fpa60DCQbKMH fn<HMaJib~M:K fa6pieJib 514 fpa60BCbKi 479 fp~MBa

919 9I8 f O.A'}'HOBM 918 fo>KOB I44 foJ.AaBM 683 foJii1 MaTnii:f II foJin C-raHicnao (Kap.AMHa.JJ) 178,381,382,

53,307,412,533,838,884 fp11ropii1 VII finL.rr.e6paH.AT (nana) 844, 891 fp11ropii1 IX (nana) 107, 465, 466,500,847,

891,896 fp11ropii1 XI (nana) 128, 851 fp11ropii1 XII (nana) 478, 818, 893, 947 fp11ropii1 XIII (nana) 9, 382, 408, 678, 860,

844 fOHChKMii faspMJIO 666, 917 foJIHH Map~iH <f>oH 311 foJiia<f> 119, 848 foJiiHcbKHI1 Map~iH (noJihCbKMH xpoHicT)

863-865,878,919,947

21 672

foJioniH BacMJih 244, 516 foJiosiH IsaH 177 fOJIOX foT<f>pi.n; <t>oH (foT<f>pi.n; <t>oH foreHJIOC) (MaricTp xpeCTOHOC~is) 469,

892 fOJIY60K 240 foJiyxoscbKMH CeMeH (reHepa.JJbHMH n11cap Bii1chKa 3anopo3hKOro) 21 [OJibCbKHH 764 foJibiiia (fOJihiiiaH) (om Tpa6yca) 309 fOJiblllaHI1 (fOJiblllaHCbKi) 310, 348 foMep 22, 47, 51, 203,300, 694, 833, 835,841,

848,921,925 fOHJarH 396 foHopii1 (iMnepaTop) 53, 745, 835, 838,

929 for-10pii1 III (nana) 464, 891 foHcescbKMH OneKcaH.n;p 668 fopa~il 877 fope~bKHH 676,

410

fpa.JJ.R €poHiM 917 fpaMaTnK CaKCOH 901 fpaHC (fpaHciC) 305 fpaHyc (6paT HepoHa) 548 fpauiaH (iMnepaTop) 53, 750, 769,838, 931 fpHropii1 I BeJIMKMH (,nsoecnon) (nana, ca.)

fo.AyHoua IpnHa (.Apy>KnHa ~apR <l>e.Aopa)

foJii~MH

21

fp11ropiH 3 CRHOKa (CRHOUbKI1H, JlbBiBCbKI1H apxienuCKOn, ryMaHiCT) 144, 854 fp11ropii1 HaJiaHCbKMi1 (fiorocJios) 412,884 fpH.n;3CJib,AH 765 fpH3CJib,Aa (.Ap}')KHHa J1Ha 3aMOHCbKOrO) 244 fpHMicnana IHrsapinHa (MaTM EoJiecJiasa CopoM'.RJJIHnoro) 111, 847 fpHqm (.n;iM) 105, 683 rpo<P IOJiiaH (ni.u..naHHH Po.n;epHKa, KOpOJI.R BCCTrOTiB) 750 fpy6a (.n;py>KuHa HeJaMHCJia) 567 fpy.AJCHCbKI1H CTecpaH 246 rpy.AJCUbKHi1 AH.n:)Kei-f 248 fp}'.D:311HCbK11H 248 fp}'.D;311HCbKI1H lleTpO 243 rpyiiieBCbKHH M. 31, 850 fy.n;siub lleTpo 151 fyiJia (cer.mrOpO.ACbKHH KHSI3b) 744 fyMa.JJ (XyJIM}'JI, XyMiJI) 837 f}'MCHH11K 755 fyuR.n;i (XyHH.Ai, KopnHH) MaTiaiii (yropcbKni1 KOpOJib) 150-153, 339, 340,342-344,

374,657, 744, 780, 781,855,875, 905, 929,936 764

fopHMHp568 fopH~bKHH (rpa<t>) 744 fopCbKMH 479 fopcbKHH CTaHicnan 248 fopwyJeH feHpix <f>oH (feHpix cpoH fai1M6ypr) (iH<f>JIHH.D;CbKMH MaricTp) 308,

871 foCJIHQbKHH 229 focTHuiT (cm-1 HeKJiaHa) 568 rocTOBiHyc DaJITa3ap 382 rocTOMCbKMH AHCCJlbM 228, 243, 247 foTrap.A (rpa<tJ J1yKamonMQb) 427, 885

fpu1.n;i (Xpu1.n;i, KopnHH) J1H (J1HOIII) (6aTbKO MaTiama fyHH.n,i) 143, 779-781, 823,

853- 855 ryc5IH 16, 138,330,543, 852,874, 903 fycaKaCaH (nepCbKIII1 KOpOJib) 152, 343 fycTaB I BaJa 897 f}'TOBChKi 749 ryxTCHrai1H Xacco uy (cTapocTa 6paH.n;eH6yp3bKOro Map~<rpacpa OTToHa) 850 f}'JOK (MOIIrOJibCbKliH XaH) 923 fr01ncp (MaricTp xpccToHocuin) 892 fiOHTep fa6c6ypr (ir.mepaTOp «CBSIU~CHHOI PI1MCbKOI iMnepi'i>>) 554

958


n0

KA)K q 11 K I ME H ,ll3SJKJI (om a3iHCbKOfO KH.si3~) 717

tJ.' AMaTo )]..

,lJ,3~JIHHCbKi

6

)J.aoponc~>Kuii

Ko3ap1111 634

~ann.n (rpOJlHCHChKll11 cTapocTa)

206

.ll.•moH (.ll.iou Xpu30CTOM) 441,888 ,lJ,nM11Tpii1 (KH.SI3b..Upyl\hKBil) 307 ,lJ,JIMWrpiit (nynmJihCbKI1i1 KH~3b, nOMJiJlJ<OUO Ha3BaHHH MOCKOBChKHM} 58J, 584,

316, 470,

472,872 )J.anu.n (il\mepaTop TpanC3} H.ll.CI>Jmit) 82 ~.

910

824,948

,lJ,uM11Tpiii (cuH InaHa IV) 665, 666, 917 .Z.XnMIITpiii lnaHOBH'll- ,nHu. Jl:>KC.D.HM11Tpii1 I ,ll,nr.u1Tpii'1 lnaBOBI1'll (,llM"ITpii-i )loHCbKm1) (MOCI<OBChKI1lt KI·UI3h) J18, 355, 872

,UaBII./l ( CIIH feopri~ Jl pocJJaRJf<Ia) 404 ,Uasn.n (uap i3palnhCbKnii) 255-257, 259,

260, 526, 664, 802, 848, 940, 941 ,Uanb6iH 5epHrap..u 10 ,UaMac (.Z.Xar.taciw I) <uana) 53, 606, 838 )laHHJJO (MOCKOBChKliH KIHI3b) 582, 909 ,llaHHJJO ra.nnuuKI1H (.Z.XaHUJIO Por.taHOl\H'll)

,lJ,nMiTponCl~Knrt

175

,lJ,uHra (Mon.nanchJ<Ilii rocno.nap) 185 ,lJ,iaCTCpii1 (,lJ,iOCKOp, aJJeKCaH,npii1CbKMM €fiHCI<On) 61J, 915 ,lJ,iOJ(Op Cl11\11JliikhKHH 22, 51, 690, 748, 836,

18, 112,307,404,847,848,870, 871,881 ,UaHKa (..uppKI·ma Bo€Ha) 567 ,llapa3i (XicT) 939 ,Uapiii I (nepcbKHii uap) 691, 768, 807, 920,

920,930 ,lJ,iOKJJCTiaH (,nal3Hb0pHMChKI1M iMnepaTOp)

934,944

552,743,846,904

,llapii1 III Ko,uoMaH 768, 805, 934, 844 ,llaqma (,llancHe) 742, 928 ,llaiDKO (nepeMHCbKHH CTapocTa) 122,

,ll,ionicii1 (Kap,uHHaJI) 142 ,lJ,ioHicii-i AJJeKCaHApiiiCbKI1H 796, 938, 939 ,l(ioHici i1 MoJJO..UUIHH 628, 916 ,lJ,inOJlb.ll KiK€>KHU 3 f..Jib3acy 136 ,l(iTpix (MapKrpaq>) 842 .l{nyroUI JIH (nOJibCbKI1M xpoHiCT) 10, 15, 18,

849 ,UawKOBH'll OcTa<Piii 19, 360, 362, 370, 372,

377, 378, 876 ,lle6poKH 749 tJ.eBKa.JiiOH 738, 927 ,Aes.neT-ripei1 I (KpHMCbKHi1 xaH) 859, 924 tJ.eM6iHCbKHH 242 ,AeM6iHCbKHi1 Ba.neHTHH rep6a «PaBH"tl>•

171, 174,224,246, 487, 861, 895 ,AeM6iHCbKHi1 Epa3M}'C - ./lHB. .Z.XeM6iHCbKHi1 BaneHTHH ,AeM6iHCbKnii Ma~ei1 231, 232 tJ.eM6iHCbK11H Jh<y6 rep6a «PaBH'll» 342-345,

Bi5 ,Aep6a.JI (amK,ub 6onrap) 746 ,AepcH.RK (ni,.uqaumii EoneCJiaaa KpHaoycToro) 93 .l(epCH.SIKH 749 .l(el.(iH (.n;aBHbOpHMCbKHH iMnepaTop) 628,

916 ,lleuii1 Ho,noK 360 .l(JKa.na,.UHH ( CHH nepeKOfiCbKOfO xaua) 365 .l(:lf<aHi6eK - ,l{HB. 3aHa6eK ,ll;J<aai6eK II 922 ,ll)f(eBHUbKHii (,l(peaH~bKHii) MHKonaii 332,

874 ~eMJliK 241 ,ll)f(eHKiHCOH [HTOHi 1/ ,ll)f(osaHHi (MiJJaHCbKHH KH.SI3b) 417 .llit<yqi (TaTilpCbKHH xaH) 922 ,llaep)f(CK (I<)')I<HMCbKHi:i KH.S13b) 569 ,l(3€piKCK 191~ 762 ,l(3€p)KCK 3 PHTB.SIH 141

22,302,401,460,474-475, 748,839,849,852, 869,870, 913, 929 ,l(MHTpiu (Kap.D.HHa.JI CCTeprOMCbKHM) 129 ,li,MJ1Tpo (.Z.XM11Tpii1, CHH InaHa III) 355 ,l(MHTpO (KHIBChKHM DO€BO,.Ua) 353 ,lJ,MHTpO (JIHTODCbKMH KH.si3b) 328 ,lJ,M11TpO (TaTapCbKMH xaH) 318 ,lJ,o6eK JIH 248 ,l(o6porHeaa - ,nHB. Mapi.s~-.Z.Xo6porHesa ,l(o6porocT ia lllaMOT}'Jl (no3HaHCbKl1H KalUTCJI.SIH) 330 ,ll;o6pocononcbKHH Po)fmu 190, 192 ,l(o6pocTen 755 ,l(osrep..u (KaM'.SIHCUbJ<HH cTapocTa) 331 ,lJ,oBr11p.D. (siJieHCbKHH BO€BO,na) 336 ,lJ,onroT ( CHH KeikT}'Ta) 319, 409 ,lJ,OBMOHT (,lJ,OoMaHT) (JIHTOBCbKiiM KH.SI3b)

241,308-310,863,871 ,lJ,onOHHI1 (pi,.u) 305 ,l(OBCHpyHr 387 ,ll;oneHrH 683 ,l(oMapaT 3 fl£)f(XHa (reHepa.JibHHH CTapoCTa BenMKO"i lloJibll\i) 131, 851 ,l(OMeHH 683 ,ll;oMiQiaH 835 ,lJ,ouaH (cl1H .Hsaaa) 837 ,li,oporocrniicbKHH KpHUITocp MoHBit.A 8,

237,687 ,lloporocTaiichKi 359, 686 ,li,opoTa (en.) 117

959


TIOKA)K'-Il1K IMEH ,l{opOTC.H {cecTpa JJ.aTCbKOfO KOpOJIH, JJ.PY)KJ1Ha npyccbKoro MaricTpa Anb6pexTa)

486 ,l{parOI\111pa (JJ.p)')KJ1Ha "lCCbKOfO KHHJH BpaTHCJiaua) 569, 906 ,l{piM6en YJJJ,pix <f>on (KOMTYP Ton.HJIH)

872 ,l{poroMODCbKHH J!H 762 ,l{poeucbKHii .HH ToMaw 245 ,l{po€DCbKi 206 .llpya ( nacep6 iMnepaTopa AnrycTa) 546 .llpya fepMaHiK (faii KnauJJ.ii1 .llpya fepMaHiK) 550, 904 ,l{p)'QbKi 360 .lJ.y6H 683 ,Uy6pouKa (.D.OHbKa Eonecnana I fpbHoro) 79-81,842 ,l{yaeMep feHpix (feHpix ,UyaeMep cpoH Ap<tJ6epr) (MaricTp xpecToHocuin) 476, 893 ,UpeH6ypr (.lJ.yi1J6ypr) fleTpO ~)OH (xpouicT) 453, 471 ,Uyne6a 402, 879 ,l{yJibCbKa (ni,lJ.CKap6iBHa KOpOHHa) 245 .lJ.)'JibCbKI·U1 206 ,l{ynbCbKMH RH 246, 864 )J.yHiH 338 ,l{yniH TieTpo 224, 246,342, 874 )J.ypMHr KoHpa;:r, cpoH (Kmrpa.u ¢oH TIOpilHCH) (MaricTp xpecTOHOcQin) 464, 465,891 }J.IOMCHCHCbKi 207 .ll10p11Hr <l>pi.upix cpoH (npyccbKMH MaricTp) 484 .ll.s~"lOK Oner 5, 6, 10, 12, 19, 28, 30, 32 .llb€p.Ub (€JKi, IOpiii) (napaJK.D.HHCbKI1H €nl1CKOD) 381, 759, 878, 933

E E6ep Tiaynb 21 Esauc (anrnii1chKI1H apxeoJior) 927 E1nponi.s~ (cecTpa en. HiKaJi.H) 770 Eri.uii1 (en.) 90,844 E.uHra (EJJ.ireii, €JJ.Mrci1, IJJ.iry) (nO€JJa'4aJihHHK TaMepnana) 327, 852, 873, 922 E.D.M)'H.U (ume,uchKHii npauuTCJih) 929 Ei1Kcic 305 EKK)'C (p11MCbK1111 I<OMaHJJ.yna'-1) 770 EKTaH 745 MhJK6eTa (DH)'"lKa nonocbKOro Kopomi KaJuMI1pa Ill) 123, 124, 778, 849 Mb)K6eTa (JJ.OHbKa Bna,nucnana JloKOTKa, cecTpa KaJJ1MI1pa Ill) 124, 130, 849, 850 EJI~:>n<6cTa (.UOHhKa iMnepaTopa <l>ep.uuHaH.ua, nepma JJ.py)fmHa CuriJM)'HJJ.a AnrycTa) 163,378,380

E.nbJK6eTa (JJ.OHbKa KaJHMMpa IV) 153, 754, 755 E.nb)f<6eTa (.n.pyJKHHa KaJifMHpa IV RrenJJOH"lHKa) 342, 344 EnbJK6eTa (noMepJia .uonbKa KaaHMHpa IV) 855 MbJK6eTa (yropci>Ka KopoJJeoa, .D.OHbKa CHri3MyH,ua, .npyJKHHa An~:>6pexTa II) 142, 778, 779, 781 EJiy,n<6eTa ooHi¢aQiH (JlOHhKa .H.uoirH i BJia.UHCJJaoa II Rrai1na) 133 f.nbJaCbKi (KH.HJi) 556 MbJCBipH 19 EMep11K ( CI1H yropcbKoro KopoJib lwToaHa I Cn.s~Toro) 83 £McpHK (bt:pe) (yropCbKHM KOpOJJb, CMH Eenn III) 777, 936 EMepHK J TiepeHa 142 EMepux 60,61 Ep.D.3HBiJI (CHH )KHni6yHJ1.a) 304,305 EpiK (wnc.ncbKI-tii Koponb) 745, 746, 929 EpiK (wue.ucbKHH KOpOJib, CMH E.D.M)'HJJ.a) 929 EpiK I (IX) Cn.HTHH (wae.ucbKJ111 KopoJib) 929 EpiK VII TioMepaHChKUH (.uaTCbKHH KopoJib) 139, 853 EpiK XIII TioMepaHChKHH (.uaTCbKMii i WDC.UCbKJ.1H KOpOJib) 480, 894 EpiK XIV (wue,uchrmii KopOJib) 174, 178, 514, 515, 858, 897, 898 EpiK II (Jaxi.nHonoMopcbKMH KopoJib) 338, 875 EpiKc (Epic) 671, 918 EpnirayJeH KoHpa.u ¢oH (KoHpa.u ¢oH EpnixcrayJcH) (npyccbKHi1 MaricTp) 145, 482, 854, 894 Ep;rirayaeH JliO.D.Bir (JliO.lJ.Bir cpoH EpJiixcrayJeB) (npycchKJ1H MaricTp) 148, 149,482, 483, 854, 855, 894 EpJiixcxayaeH ( EpJrixcrayJcH) KoHpa.D. cpoH - .D.Im. Epniray3eH K01-1pa.u - <f:loH EpMaHapHx (roTChKnil uap) 837 EpHeCT (cHH iMnepaTopa MaKCI1MiniaHa) 222 EpHcT (6anapcuK11il npannTenh) 853 EpHCT (caKcoHCbimii KYP¢•opcT) 556, 905 EcTepchKa (naHi) 665, 917 EuuH-fipei1- .u•m. Xa,n)Ki-fipcii Euu.o (noTapnH3bKHi1 na.nantH) 842

€ €nreHii1 IV (nana) 142, 606,853, 85-1 tB.lJ.OKiH (cecrpa Klt"iBCbKOrO K1Ul3St, AP)'JKJma ~le•mcnana) 9U

960


OOKA)KYHK IMEH €ncenii'i Kt.·capiiichKIIii 803, 833, 942 €BT11Xif'i 611 €romi.H 946 €l)'X<lH (Yre.ucii) (MOIIJ'OJlhCbKiili xaH) 710,

923 €.n11reii- ,n1m. E11.ura €nd (llbUiUChKUii €IIIICKOI1) J-/4 €3,npa (6i6niiifmfl CIHIIUeHUK 3 pOllY AapoHa) 802, 942 €3eKiiJib (I€3CKil1Ih) 400, 801, 879, 940 €3eKi$1 (10.Uei1cbKI1i1 u.ap) 803, 834, 942 €30DHUIJKI11f 229 €JieHa (,upy)f<l'fHa JIIITOUCI>KOrO KH513.H OneKcaH.upa) 349, 350, ~55, 356, 358, 367 €neHa (en.) 803, 823, 943 €.nuJaneTa (E.nb)l(6eTa) fa6c6ypr 854 €nuJaBeTa (ca.) 471 €nncei1 {6i6niiiHHM npop01<) 810, 946 €ni€3ep ( cnyra AnpaaMa) 941 €.nint 683 €HaJieH (.lJ.)I(aH-AJii) (CTClBJieHHK MOCKOBCbKOrQ KHHJ$1 n KaJaHi) 923 €H,n)l(eH (nOJHaHCbKHH €mfCKOn) 482 €H,A)I(eJ;i (lllJIHXTH"l 3 MaJosii) 473 EpeMi$1 (6i6nii1HHH npopoK) 695, 747, 826,

930,948 €peMiH (MOJI)J.aBCbKHH DO€Ha"laJibHHK) 211,

214-216 €peMiH Mor11na ( MOJI.D.aBCbKHM rocno.uap)

762, 765, 933 EpoHiM (IEpoHiM) (cs.) 53, 401, 745, 796,

838, 879, 938, 939 €pOHiM (p)'CbKI1i1: DO€BO.Ua) 222 EpoHiM Ilpa3bKm154J, 903 Ecca (fe3 I) (yropcbKHM KHH3b) 80, 842 )I(

)KapHODCbKHI1JlH 136 )l(epe6~i683

)l(elllOTeKAH)J.)f(ew 188 )I{Jmi6yn.D. ()1{11si6yHT, )1{11ni6y.u.) (n11TOBCbKI1i1 KHH3b, CMH KepHyca) 304, 870 )I(H)I(Ka J!H 16, 330, 55 7, 874 )l(onKencbKI1H CTaHicJiaB 239, 246, 249, 863 )l(yaH II (nopryranbCbKHH Koponb) 940

3 3a6:iKe311HCbKHH J!H 356,358,359,585, 910 3asiwi 479 3aropODCbKMU 766 3a,noBCbK11H 219 3ai<apH550 3aKJiiKa 3 Mc.lliKHry>Ka 132, 851 3aneChkHH 219

3iUib~ fCHpix q>OH (fCpMaH ~)OH 3a.JihL()

(MaricTp xpeC'rouoCLdn) 307, 464, 465, 870,

891,896 3aMixan - )J.un. GaTuil 3aMoikbKIIii 376, 878 3aMotJChKilii Mmw;mi1 373 3aMoiicLI<llii CTaHiCJiaB 172 3af'>tOi1c~>I<JJJ1 ToMam 882 3aMOIJCbKIIJ15111 197,224,228, 2)4, 237-239, 24~245,24~249, 76~861,86~933

3aMOiiCLI<i 206 3allaGeK (.ll.lf<aui6cK, ,l.J.)I(aM6eK) ( xaH 30JIOTOJ Op/\11) 696, 922 3aprew·ay3eH l'auTec (AHHO q>oH 3aHrepra}'3CJI) (Mal'iCTp xpecTOHOCL(iB) 468, 892 3apcM6l1 683, 749 3acnanchK11M (51 Hyw a6o Ml1xai1no) 229,

862 3acnancoKIIH luaH 409 3aCJiaBCbKUi1JIHyrn 862, 883 3acnanchKi 317, 408,881 3aTopcoKm1 OeTpo 161 3axap'IH JIKiu 360 3axapa-Ban)l(l1Hh"l.HK M. 870 3axapn11'dlKin 351 36apa3hKa €m-r3aBeTa (.D.PY)f(HHa Bal(nasa EanopoBCbKOro) 883 36apa3hKa Maprap11Ta (.n.py)f(MHa C. liepMiHCbKOro) 883 36apa3bK11H AH.u,)KeM 365 36apa3hKHi1 Bna.D.I-rcnan 410, 883 36apa3hKHH MHKOJiaii 410, 883 36apa3I>Kni1 CTeq>aH 410, 883 36apa3hKHH 10pii1 410, 883 36apa3bKHil Jl.Hylll (JIH Ji 36ap(\)Ka) 175,

236,239,242,246,410,434,859,863,883 36apa3bKi36~41~883

36MJiiTOBCbK11H 241 3611Cllasa (.D.py)f(HHa EoJieCJiana III KpHBO· ycToro, ,li.OHbKa KninCbKOro KHH3H CRHTOnoJIKa l3.SICJiaDH'-1a) 93, 845 36mueK (KpaKiBCbKHH €ni1CKOn) 147 36irH€D (I<paKiDCbKl-Ili €ni1CKOn) 144 36irH€8 (cm-r BJia,l.lHCJiana I repMana) 89-96,

844 36il'H€B (cHH Jlellli<a III) 70 36o)f{eDCbKiiH OanJIO 333 36opo13CbKI1H 409 36opoBCbKHH AH,n)l(eH 239, 246, 487, 488,

863, 864, 895 36opoBCbKHi1 KpHlliTO<j> 760, 933 36opoacbKMi1 Mapl(iH 406 36opoBCbKHi1 OeTpo 178, 487 36opoocbKI1i1 CaMyeJih (CaMjj;fJio) 239, 430,

8&5

961


llOKA)I(qJ1K IMEH 36opODCbKHIUIH 172,197,225,243,246 36opoBCbKi251 3e6iKJiAODCbKMH AH){iKei1 171, 864 3e6iKJiAODCbKI·d1 MuKoJiati 7, 37,209, 227,

l3HCJiaB .HpOCJiaDM'I 844, 880 lJIJISI (6i6JiiHHHH npopoK) 257, 651, 943,

946 IJIJI.R (Mo~anci>Km1 rocno.nap, CHH OJieKcau.npa I) 141, 752, 853, 932 IJIJISJ Papew (MoJI.n.aocbKHH rocno)J.ap) 170,

237, 249, 383, 861, 862 3e6iKJiAOBCbKMH <l>;IOpiSIH 172, 173, 237,

863

759, 858, 933

3eJieHCbKHH rpHropiH 246 3eJiiCJian (reTbMaH npH BoJieCJiani KpunoycToMy) 93 3eMeJibKa MnKOJiai1347, 355 3eHOBH'I €iKi 175, 35J 3eHOH CniaaHTiHCbKMH iMnepaTop) 746, 929 3e<PeH MoraHH <PoH (npyccbKHH MaricTP) 484 3MH.npaM 3 MamKOBHUb 135 3i6eHai1xep .HK}'6 11 3oHapa (loaHH 3oHapac) (niJaHTiiicbKMii XpOHiCT) 429,886 3onipiOH (MaKe.llOHCbKMH HaMiCHHK) 691,

IJihxaM - ){HB. Ani-xaH IHJ.(piKHX BpiKeTMCJian (t~eChKHH KH.SI3b)

920 3o<P~<a (Cocpi.SI) (.npy)KnHa BJIMMCJiana II .HraiiJia, JlOHbKa KMIBCbKoro KH.SI3.SI InaHa)

139,853

907 hwKeHTiii III (nana) 464, 891,896 hwKeHTiii IV (nana) 109, 307, 466, 847,870,

881,892 IoaHH (en.) 74, 137, 138,370, 462, 469, 472,

577, 739, 746, 750,802,803,829,852 IoaHH (en.) XpecTHTcJib 79, 134, 145, 268,

308, 424,511, 609, 616, 781, 795, 842, 937 IoaHH IV (nana) 559, 906 IoaHH XXII (nana) 472,474,848,893 IoaHH XXIII (aHTHnana y M. Oi3a) 480,894 IoaHH AneHTiH 551 IoaHH EanTicTa (E3y'iT) 818 IoaHH 3oJIOToycT (XpH30CTOM) (en.) 412,

884

3pHHbi407

IoaHH i3 nepe.SICbKOro MOHaCTHpst 83 IoaHH MHJIOCTHBHH (cu.) 796, 938, 939 Ioaw (loac, Hoaw) I (ro.u.eiichKHi:f ~ap, CHH Oxo3ii) 803, 942 Ioaw (Ioac, Hoaw) II (ro.u.ei1cbrmi1 uap, CHH Ioawa) 803, 942 InnoJiiT (rH€3HeHCbKHH apxiEnMCKon) 84 IpaKJiiii (ni3aHTiHcbKHH iMnepaTop) 796,

I 16pariM-nawa (rypeUbKMH cyJITar-r) 757 loaH (KHIBCbK11H KH.SI3b) 139, 853 I naH (cMH IoaHa IV) 653, 659, 663-665 InaH (wbpeMChKMH KawTeJI.SIH) 134 InaH III BacHJibOBH'I (MOCKOBChi<HH KH.SI3b)

178,345,348,350,355,593, 626,876, 881, 911,912,915,91~921

939

I saH IVBacHJibOBHq 10, 13, 21,24-27, 164,

Ip)K11K (feopriii EpaHKOBHt~) (cep6chKni1 .necnoT) 743, 929, 948Ip)KHK (cHH Ip)KHKa (feopri.SI EpaHKOBH'Ia)) 744 Ip)Ki (10pii1) no.u.e6pa.n (qeCbKHH KOpOJib)

422,498,509,510,513,574,577,578,584, 587,589,590,593,594,612,614,626- 629, 631, 635, 664, 677, 706, 710, 714, 855-857, 862,870, 908-910,912,915-918, 923 I naH Ka.nwTa 582, 909 IoaH 0JieChKJ1H i 3 CeHHa 146 InaHonwq 109 Ino 3 KoHCbKOro 111 h~OH.H (MOJI)laBCbKHH rOCllO.llap) 185, 191, 192, 194, 195,210-219,430, 760-762,825 Irop (cwH P10p11r<a, neJIHKHi1 KHH3b KJ11nchK1111) 402,880 J,uancpwpc (rOTCbKJ1H KHSI3b) 769 I,u3i - ,l\Hn. en. feopri1'1 IEponoaM (PonoaM) (cHH uapst CoJIOMoHa)

803,942 ba6eJIJia (yropcbKa KopoJiena) 381, 759, 781,

782,933 bMaln 816, 828 13stcJrau ( c11u BoJIO/l.J1MI1pa CrHITOro, CMOJlCHChKJ1i1 KHSI3b) 403

149, 150,342,346,570,855,875, 907 I pol\ BeJIHKHi:f (ro.n.ei1chKm1 uap) 649, 650, 805,940,943 Ipo.n. <l>iJiin (.U.st.U.hKO Ipo.na BeJIHKoro) 943 I caaK (Enpei13 Bo3HI1Kin) 434, 698, 804, 828, 943 IcaaK 258, 698, 804, 828, 943 lcH.nop (niTe6cbKI·u1 xopyH)KI1i1) 165 lc11.ll0p (K11IBCbKI1rl Ml1TpOnOJI11T) 142, 606, 853,914 lcJiaM (6paT CaT-ripest) 376 lcJiaM-cOJITaH (lcJiaM-fipei:f I) 376-379, 757, 758, 878, 932 leTJiiKCIOXaH 71 () Iq)iJIJlH 246 luiTBaH I CnHnn1- .n.nn. Grcq>au (en.) Iw-rnaH II - .nnn. Greq>aH II IuiToaH V - .n•m. CTC<j>aH V

962


n 0 K A )J{ {_I H K I M E I-I KaaJiiMypJa 708, 718 Kaiu 651 KaiiJJ.aH (TaTapCbKJ1ii uoEHa'laJibHHK) 108 KaKaH (yr o pcbKMi1 Koponb) 772 KaJianiH- A11U. Cynei1MaH '-lene6i~ Myca Y encGi KaJianiu (rypeui>KU ~I cynTaH) 822, 947 KaJI1111 0 UCbl(l1ii 763, 766 KaniryJia (.n.amlbOp~-tMCb i< I1H iMnepaTop)

i1oaxm.r II 7 IloaxitM III <l>pi.n.pix (6pau.n.cn6yp3I>Knii r.tapKrpaq>) 865 t'1oaxnM M apx io (l':ioaxuM I HccTop) 559,

5V5 i1on (Ion) (6i6Jiii1mtii npancll.mtK a KpaiHH

03) 802, 941 l1oraHH f eopr (6pan)l,ell6)'p3t.KI1tt Mapt<ryacp) 865 Mop.naH foTCbKttii (AJuiHyc) 22, 53,531,

548,664,903,9 1 ~943

KaJiiMa>.. (<l>inin KanniMax) (xponicT, ryMalliCT) 143, 853

749,838, 900, 930, 931 Mop.!taHJ1 749 Mocu<}> (en.) 464, 801,803,810, 943, 944 ~ocn<}> <I>Jiaoiil 22, 23, 51, 748, 835, 930 HoxaMiM Ox 803

Kam.niH )KaH 55 7, 905 Ka11 bMaH ( KonoMaH) KH1DIUH1K (yropc&KI1i1 •«>pom.) 94, 776, 845, 9U KaJihChlmH 479 K aM'.nHCUht<llii EH.u.~c11x 349 KaM '.H II CUbK II~i

K KaAJ~y6eK

BiHueuTiii (nOJihCbimii xponicT)

14, 839, 840, 845 KaJJ.M 727

MapuiH 365, 368,371, 877 KaM 'HHCUbKHii MHKOJiai1364, 405, 754, 755,

856,932

Ka.3aHoncbKHt1 MapuiH 228, 240 KaJu-fipei1 710, 717 l<a.3HMHp (MaJOBeUbKHM KH.HJb) 333 Ka3HM11p (OnOJibCbKHH i 6HTOMCbKI11i KHJIJb) 11 7 l<a.3HMHp (CaKCOHCbKHM KHH3b) 198, 860 Kaai-tM11p (en.) 370 Ka3t1MHP (C11H EoneCJiaua CopoM'.H3JIHnor o) 109 Ka.3HM11p (CHH Ka3HMHpa IV .HreJIJIOH'!HKa) 15~

l oan 856

KaM'JIHe~~> •mi1

153,342,345,855

KaJHMHP (cHH KoHpa)l,a MaJoneu~>Koro)

KaM '.R HCUbKi 206 KaM6ic( K aM6i:J) (AanHboipaHc&KHH uap)

801,940 KaMneHJe Anh6epTo (iTaniHCbKHH MeMyapHcT) 24 KaH (ueHrypioH p11MCbKoro JaroHy) 805 KaHrsicTa 690 KaHcyx Anh-f ypi 939, 940 KaHT l MMaH)'i'JI 28 Kanion r eHpix <PoH (npanl1JlbHime YJibpix <j:>oH,lJ.pi.Jie6CH) (np}'CCbKHI1 KOMT)'P) 316,872 KanicTpaH .HH (qepHeUb) 147,349, 374,

780,823

847 Ka31iMHp (CHH JlemKa Ill) 70 Ka3HM11p (.HH-Ka3HM11p) (cHH CHri3MYHAa III, MaM6fTHiM KOpOJib Pe'Ii n ocnoJlHTOiy 1648-1668 pp.) 261 Ka3uMup I Bi.nHODHTeJJb (cHH MemKa II)

Kannenep A. 21, 24 Kapa6om1 125 KapaM3iH M. 22, 24 Kap6oH nanipiH (fHeH n anipiH: Kap6o)

84-87,89, 193,458,841,843

KapnaT Tianno 151 KapJI (MopascbKHH MapKrpa<IJ) 907 Kapn (cppaHUY3bKI1H KopoJib) 197,198 K apJI B eJIHKHil 70,540,541,545,549,556-

301,869

Ka3uMup II Cnpane)VIMBI1i1 (Koponh, cHH lioneCJiaRa KpHnoycToro) 99, 103-105,312,

846, 871, 885 Ka3HM1ip III BeJIHKMH ( CHH Bna.nMcnana JlOKOTKa) /8, 33, 12Q-J26, }29, 133, 134, 194,

263,269,274,298,317,470,472,475-477, 683, 752, 778, 848- 850, 853, 865, 872,899, 919, 932,936 KaaHMHP IV (H) RreJIJIOH'IHK (c11H Bna.nnCJiana II.Hrai1na) 13, 140, 142, 144-154, 298, 329, 336-338, 341, 343, 344, 346-348, 408, 482-484, 490, 570, 584, 589, 853-855, 874, 894, 895, 753, 778, 779, 781,868, 907, 911, 932, 936 Ka3HMHpCbKHH neTpo Ei6epmTeH 174 Ka3HMHpCbKHH CTe<IJaH 248

558, 745, 773, 841, 900, 902 Kapn I Po6cpT (Kapn MaJIHH) (yropc&KHM Kopom.) 122,473-475, 752, 778,849, 850,

931, 936 Kapn IV JhoKcet.~6yp3bKI1M (KapJI I•IeCbK11M KOpOJib) 123, 124, 128, 4 76-477,

570, 849, 893, 907 KapJI V f a6c6ypr (Kapn I a Icnaliii) 439,

553, 554, 825, 887, 948 Kapn IX 859, 860 KapJI Tpenipcbi<HH: (lie<~JapT) (npycc&KH~ MaricTp) 848,872

963


DOKA)I{qHK IMEH KapuKoncbKHH CeH.nainoi1 208 KapHKOBCbKifH OraHiCJJan 224, 246, 253, 383 KapHKOBCbKHH HH .346. 352 KapoJJiHrH 935 KapneH OTTo (MaricTp xpecTOHOCI..\iB) 464 Kap'IOBCbKHH 228 Kaccii1 (fai1 KacciiJ JloHriH) 803, 942 KacTpioT .HH (6aTbKO CKaH.nep6era) 737 KacTpioTi feoprii1 - ,l(I-ta. CKaH.u.ep6er KaTapHHa (AOHbKa CHriaMyH.na I) 253 KaTapHHa (KaTIDKima RreJJJJOHKa) (.u.py>KH· Ha wne,ncbKoro KopoJJn 10xaHa III) 11, 244,

Ki311HCK 149 KiJiiaH (en.) 541 KiJJb.nn6eK (TaTapebKMH xaH) 922 KiJJbTaHon (KiTaHona) 426,885 KiH.npaT (eMH KopiaTa) 327 KiHnepa.ne feHpix <f>oH (BiHpix <f>oH KHinpo.ne) (MarieTp xpeeTOHOel..\in) 476,

477,893 KinpiaH (en.) 795, 938 Kip I AxeMeHi.n 840 Kip II BeJIMimi1 (.nanHboipaHebKMH 1..\ap)

807, 814,944, 945

515,858,865

Kip CTapw11i1 (.nanHboipaHebKMH uap) 116,

KaTepHHa (AOHbKa MaJJIOTH CKYpaTona)

566,691,800,837,848 Kip3a 755 KiulKa CTaHicJian 156,351,355,356,362

919 KaTepHHa (.noHbKa p1-tMebKoro iMnepaTopa <l>ep.uuHaH.na) (.npyra .u.py>KHHa CHri3MYH.Ua AnryeTa) 163 KaTepnHa (en.) 125, 144, 148,337,407,811,

BKJI) 246, 407, 882 KiwKH 407, 434

KiwKa JIH (:>KMyl{ebKMM eTapoeTa, Kpai1qHw

874

KJian.nisr (.npy:>KHHa JIOTapHH3bKOI'O KH$13$1)

KaTepnHa Me.uiqi (<f>paHI..\Y3bKa KopoJieaa)

198

198,860

KJiapa (en.) 111, 847 KJieMCHC(KaWTCJIHH) J08 KJieMeHe (KJIHMCHT AJieKeaH)J.pii1ebK11H)

KaTepouye 3eHo (noeoJI nepcbKoro KOpOJJ.Sl fyeaKaeaHa) 152 KaryJI (KniHT JlYTauii1 KaryJI) 301, 869 Ka\IH6ei1 (TaTapebKHii xaH) 318 Kama (Kaai) (AOHhKa KpoKa) 561, 563,

906 Ke.npiH reoprii1 (ni3aHTii1ehKI1M xpoHieT)

23,810,813, 945 KeikryT (KeeryniC) (JinTonehK1111 KHJJ3b, eHH fe)l.MMiHa) 125, 127,317-320,334,409,

476, 477, 850, 872, 883 KeMJIIi'-1 334 Kepn116ypHae11 710 Kep,l\aw (TaTapehKHM uap) 305 Kep.l\eiiomPI fpHUbKO (fpulllKO Kep.uei1)

331,333,335 KepHye (c11:H KyHollla) 304 KeTJiep Alma 882 KeTJiep foTap.l\ (MaricTp JlinoHCbKOI'O op.ne Hy)50~504,51~864897

K1-13aJICUhKMM M11xai1JIO 915 K11i1 (3acuonHMK KMEBa, KIUI3b) 401, 402,

879 K11i'1 (nJieMiHmH<AcTiara) 807 Knpm10 (KoHcTaHTI-iH) (en.) 53, 401, 568,

796, 938, 939 KJieMeHe 551 KJieMeHe 3 PyeQn 262 'KJieMeHe MoaHHiKiH 57 KJieonaTpa 738, 926 KJiecpellh.lJ. ( r.uaHebKHH 6yprrpacp) 183, 184 KJIHMCHT (en.) 139, 722, 924 'KJIHMCHT IV (nana) 468, 892 KJIHMCHT V (nana) 469, 893 'KJIHMCHTVI (nana) 476,477,893 KJI11MCHT VII (nana) 375, 878 K.n11MeHT VIII (nana) 492, 895 KJIHMeHT CMoJinTnq (KMinebKHi1 M11TponoJn1T) 924 KJiineHebJ<a (KHRI'l1HJJ) 178 K.niM)'HT (KpaKifKbi<IIH BO€BO.LJ.a) 107 K.JiiMyHT (KpaKiBehi<Hi136ponp) 149 KnoqJacn 749 KM liTa ( KpaKi BCblatii HOEBOiJ,a) 171, 172 Kr.una neTpO 365 KMI1Ta CTaHieJian 365 Kr.mTa <l>iJIOH (KM11Ta-'-Ioprw6HJihCbKili1)

174, 237, 240, 242, 434, 864

722, 745, 838, 879, 906, 924, 929

KMuTa .HebKO (KpaKinebKHII eTapoeTa) 127,

Kupiai< 771, 934 K11cim, A.LlaM 884 K11emoK 0JICI<eaH.up 28 I<11Tanp11 309, 310 KHTTH (CHH .HnaHa) 837 KH~aHKa rauHa 434 Ki-fi pcii 221

Kueea nanJIO 345 KHinpo.ue BiHpix q>oH- .urm. KiHnepa.Ae fenpix cpOH KHH3hKon 10. n. 5, 6 Ko61fJIHIIehKI1H .HJ<y6 f)KHMaJih\IIIK 335,336 Komuu,cr.rmi1 M. n. 5, 6, 28, 30, 32

850

964


n0

K A )I( '-1 I1 K I M E H

KonmHCI>Imii 241 KoJaK CcMeH (rcThMaH BiTonTa) 326 KoJeJibCbKniil\lancii (rep6a «Pomt») 187,

191

Ko3JIOB r. r. 20 KoJJiona f. 24, 25, 33, 908, 909, 911, 913,

916 KoJJionCbKI1fl Jlaopeaniii 210, 219 KoJbMa Tipa3bKm1 22 KoJIH40B 160,379 KoJio6ooa Mapi.H (nHxonaTCJihKa u.apcm14a ,l\11M11TpiH) 917 KoJIIOMHa AnrycT 40 KOJIIOMHH 302,557 KoMCH,ll.OHi ( rranchK11M JJeraT) 195 KoMoposchKnw 151 KoMoponchKI1i1 5hcy6 333 KoMrra 305 KonapcbKHM A;:J.aM (n03HaHChKI1i1 €ITHCKon)

197,204,383 KoH.upaT (nm MaJone~bKoro KHH3H CeMOBI1Ta)308 KoampaTOBI14 109 KoHe~rroJJbCbKI1i1 OJJeKcaHnp 239, 241 KoHeu.rrOJJbChKmi.HH 482, 753, 932 KoHonau.hKI1l1 H. 490 KoHp~ (rrpyccbKHH MaricTp) 137 KoHpan I I>pHeHchKHi1 907 KoHpan I (iMrrepaTop «CoHll.\CHHOI PHMCbKoi iMrrepii») 903 KoHpan III (iMrrepaTop) 101,846 KoHpan IV (iMrrepaTop) 466, 492 KoHpa.u I MaJOBCU.bKHi1106, 107, 109, 111,

115, 427, 442, 464, 465, 846, 847, 885, 888, 891 KoHpan II (KHSIJh JJI1TonchKI1i1 Ta )I(My.UchK11i1) 308,871, 907 KoHp~ 0JJCCHI1U.bKHi1J31, 136,322 KoHpan CKJIY3CHCbKHi1 ( CKJiyaeH6yp3bKHi1)

23, 793 KoHCTilHTHH I BeJJHKHH (en.) 49, 179,549,

552, 768, 832, 835, 859, 904, 934, 943 KoHcTaHTHH III (niaaHTii1ChKHi1 iMnepaTop) 559, 906 KoHcTaHTHH V (aiaaHTiikhKHH iMnepaTop)

767, 772, 935 KoHCTaHTHH VIII (ni3aHTii1chlmi1 iMrrepaTop) 403, 880 KoHCTaHTI1H XI ( ni3aHTii1cbKI1i1 iMnepaTop) 822, 823, 947 KoHCTaHTI1HOrroJJiTaH 608 KoHcTaHUi11 (.D.OHbKa feHpiKa II llo60>f<Ho-

ro) 847 l<oHCTaHUi11 ( CB.) 107 KoHCTaHqiR (cecTpa K}'HiryH.D.11) 113

KonTapiHi AM6po.n>Ko (iTaJJii1chK11H MeMyapucT) 24 Kom~hKHii InaH 379 Konay (MoJI.nancbKHif DOEHa~Ia.llbHHK) 756 KOITIICTCIIChi<Hii 3axapi51 (yKpai"HCI:.KI!M rJJ ICLMCHHHI<-IlOJJCMiCT) 2J, 32 KormL~LKHi-i GraHicJJao 431-4 33 Kopa61 1 683 KopaM6ep.ueu (TaTapcr.KI1i1 xan) 138 Kopmm .HH- ].{1111. fyuH.ui .HHolll (.Hnym) Kopm111in11a (n;JcMiHIIIILVI MaTiallla Kopmma) 340 KopuoyT ( CI-fH Olll.rep.na) 139, 319, 320, 322,

326, 328, 329, 336, 365, 409, 883 KopHrailno ( c11n OJIJ,rep~a) 319, 325, 409 Kop11TKO nanJIO 245,246 Koplt~hKnii

229

KopiaT (cnH fe,ui1MiHa) 317, 32i, 410, 883 KopoTKHii E. 883 KopcaKH 229 Kop1.1nopcp 136 KocHHCbKHH Kp11lllTOcp 430, 886 Kocon CuJibBCCTP (KHIBCbKI1H MHTponoJJI1T) 2J KocTe.llCUhKa EeaTa (.upy)I(MHa lJJJJi 0cTpo3hKoro) 406 KocTeJJe~hKHH M11KOJiai1 613, 915 KocTeJICUbKi 206 Kocnm M11poH (MOJI~asCbKHH JiiTonMceub)

20 KocTKa AH:Ha (.upy)tUfHa OJJeKcaH.upa KocTSIHT11HOBH4a 0cTp03bKoro) 40i KocTKa CTaHiCJJan 491 KocTKa 5.lH 491 KocTKH 407 KocT11HT11H Mor11Jia (Mo.JI)l.aBcbKHif rocno.uap) 765, 766, 933 Koc~eJJCUbKHii JiyKalll (no3HaHCbKHii €ITI1CKOrr) 383 KoTpoMaHHt:fi 929 KoxaHOBCbKHH TiaHTeJieHMOH (yKpaiHCbKl1H JJiTOITHCCUb) 21, 32, 856 KoxaHoBCbKHi15.ltr (nOJJbCbKHfi noeT) 23,

735,925 KoxoscbKHH B. 908 Kou (Koqin) (noJione~hKHif KHH3b) 426, 885 KoumpcbKi (KomepchKi) 409, 883 Ko~aKoncbKHH lJJJJH (yKpaiHCbKHH JiiTonHceu~>) 21

KpaKYc (KpaK, KpoK) (KHH3b, 3aCHOBHHK KpaKona) 62, 63, 65, 193,560,561,839 KpaKYc II 63, 839 KpaHio 550 KpaH~iH Anh6epT (HiMCUbKHH xpoHicT)

22, 24, 47, 534, 590. 833, 900, 911

965


TIOKA)KqHK IMEH KpacnQhKHH 236 KpaciHCbKHH <I>paHuimeK 204 Kpacc MapK (MapK JliuiHiw Kpacc) 803, 845,942 Kpe3a.HH 343 KpecoMHCJI ( CHH Bo€Ha) 567, 568 KpecueHc 551 KpeTKOBCbKHH HH 243 KpHCTHH (caH~OMHpcbKHH KawTemm) 132 KpHCTHH (XpHCTHHH) (xenMiHChKm1 €nHCKOn) 464, 891 KpHCTHH 3 Ko3€rnyn CoH~eQhKHI1 (KpHcTHH Ko3€rJIYBCbKHi1) 131, 132, 144 KpymHHa 3 fonona 331 KpHCTHHa (~OHhKa feHpixa IV, ~PY)f(HHa BJI~Hc.nana - CHHa Eonecnana Kp1·1BoycToro) 96 KpHCTHHa i3 ConJIOK 246 KpiiCbKa Ma.nro)l(aTa 491 KpHCbKHH CTaHicnan (paU.hOH3bKHH KamTemtH) 197, 246 KpHmTo¢ - .UHB. EaTopii:i KpmiiTocp KponiQhKiiH Mapu.iH 172 KpoMep MapuiH (noJihChKHH xpoHicT) 10, 15, 18,22-24,266,274,275,403-405,409,460, 475, 480,589, 880, 881, 833, 839-841, 844-846, 850,852, 858, 866,868,885, 911, 913, 929 Kpy3e EnepT 25,27 KpynChKHH 755 Kpyrue.nhlniU.bKHH 186 KcepKc I 204, 741, 742, 807, 928, 944 KyKYnoiiT (cTpHii CKHPMYHTin) 306 Kyne 749 Ky.nhMO 449, 454 KyMaH (no.noneQbKMH KHH3h) 426,885 KyHiryH.na (KiHra, .npy)f(HHa Eonec.nana CopoM'H3mmoro) 107, 111, 113, 117, 847,

904 KyHiryH.na (en.) (.npy)lmHa iMnepaTopa renpixa) 554, 904 KyHOlli (CHI-I na.neMOHa) 303,304,870 KynaH (6paT en. IIJ,enaHa (CTe<J>aHa)) 774 KynpaHCU.b (o.), Onei<caH.np 6 Kyp (KypH) (nel.JeHi3hK11M KH.H3b) 402 Kyp6aK (KypToi<) (no.noneQLKHM KHH3b) 426,885 Kyp6ChK11i1 AH.npii125, 172, 647, 858 KypnSIH)l.CbKa KHSJriiH.H- ,li.Hn. KeTnep AHHa KyponCbK1111 MI1KOnai1 (rH€3HeHcbK11M apxiEnHcKon) 479 Kyptdl1 (KniHT Kypt~iii Py¢) 22, 741,815, 928 Kypqiif (npanHJibHirne Kypiau.iii) 371,877 Kyp'-~ 240 Kyco6 (Ypyco6a) (nononeu;Ll<I1M KHH3b) 426,885

KyrJiy6aK (TaTapcbKHfr xaH) 318 KyxMaiicTep Mixe.nb ¢oH lllTep6epr (MixeJib KyxMawcTep ¢on 111TepH6epr) (MariCTp xpeCTOHOCQiB) 480,481,894 Kyq6oncbKI1H Ba.neHTHH (npHHTCJib M. KpoMepa) 844 Kywa TieTpo /09

JI lianeHT 774, 775 lianpeHTiH (en.) 125, 146, 786 liar 803, 942 liarapyc (KIUI3b 3 llaHHOHiJ) 768 lia,li.HCJian (BJI~HCJiaB, liac.no) V (}'I'OpCbKliH Kopo.nb) 142, 778-780, 853, 936 lia.nHcnan (en.) 144,349 li~HCJiaB 3 llOJIOHtla 142 lia3ap EpaHKOBHl.J (CHH reopriH EpaHKOBHqa, npanHTeJih Cep6il) 339, 744, 875, 929 lia30U:bKa .[(opoTa 172 liaMne.ne (uapHU:H aMa3oHoK) 693 liaeHQbKHH JIH 10, 21,873 liac.no IV KyH (yropebnJ~'! Koponb)- .D.Hn. B.na.n11e.nan IV KyH Jlac.no V - .UHB. lia.nJ-te.nan V liaeTOBeQhKMH 764 liaebKiiH AJib6pexT ( C€pa)l.3bKMH BO€no.na) 7, 155,166- 169, 175, 197,205,406, 760 liaCbKHH JlH 356, 876 liaTaJibebKHI1247 JlaypeHuio 3 lcTpil 261 liam 5IH 338, 854 Jle6e.ui 206, 683 lies (BOJIO.UHMHpebKHH KH.H3b) 307 lien (li}'QbKHH KH.H3h) 314 lien (JleoH) I (pHMebKHH iMnepaTop) 401,879 lien (lieoH) III IKoHo6opeu.b (si3aHTiiichKHi1 iMnepaTop) 746, 929 lien I (en.) (nana) 606, 771, 934 Jlen II (nana) 771, 934 lien (lieoH) X (nana) 439, 678, 887, 919 lien.[(aHHJIOBiil.J faJIHU.bKHH (KHH3b) J8, 112-114,308,404,406,412,847,871,848,881,

884 lienapTii 683 JlereH.no.nb¢ TianeJI (napMiHCbKHH EnHeKon) 340, 875 Jle3}lei1KO ()f(peUb) 314, 315 Jle.ninu 683 JleHapT (en.) 124, 850 JlcH3ci1 ApHOJib.U 25 JleOH(MHTpOnOJIHT)61J JleniJl 926 Jlex I 14, 17,57-61,63, 193,262,269,400, 559, 560, 839

966


llOKA)l{l..J:l1K IMEH Jlex 11 63 Jlex (JlewKo) V (I) Ei;mi1 (om Ka311MHpa Cnpane}J.Jmooro) 104-106, 459, 846 JlewKo (JleweK) II (IV) t.IopHHH (nOJibCbKni1 Koponb, 6paT l>onecnaua CopoM'R3JJHooro) 112-115,263,311,468,

840,841,847, 865, 871,892 JlewKo I (nweMncnan) 66 68, 193, 840 JlewKo II 12, 67- 70, 193 JlewKo III 61, 69-71, 840 JlewKO IV (ntH CeMOBHTa, c11Ha O'HcTa KpyumiUbKoro) 75, 76 JlemHbooonbCbKHi1 MapuiH 246 JlelllHbOBOJJbCbKm1 CTaHiCJiao 172, 173, 858 JleWHbOBOJJbCbKi 206, 228 JlemHKH 683 JlelUHHCbKHM187 JlemHHCbKI1i1 AH.n.JKei1 883 JlemHHCbKHi1 Pacpa.n 678,919 J!JKC.li.11M11Tpii1 I 13, 27, 666- 669, 672, 677, 681,68~863,917- 919

JIJKC.ll.l1M11Tpii1 II 8, 672, 919 Jll16i.n.b 401 Jli13JIOsAH.n.pii1 6, 21,33 J!HcaKOBCbKHM 764 Jl11Ta.JIRH (JlHTBOH, JliTBO) (C11H npyccbKOro KoponR BeHe.n.YTa) 301, 302, 449, 457, 869 lli1TBI1HOB BonO.li.I1M11p 28 Jli6eHIUTai1H KyHo ¢oH (KOMTYP 3 OcTepo.n.e) 873 Jli6ywa (.n.oHbKa KpoKa) 561-566 Jlisii1 297, 868 JlireH3a MHKOJiai1 246 JlireHJa .HKy6 333 JliK}'Pr 17, 734-736, 925 JlinHil..la lli11MOH 345 JlicaHii1 943 Jlic11Max 878 Jlo6 MHKOJiai1 11, 12, 22, 35,395, 435, 493,

525,685 Jlo6aHon-PocToBChKHi1 CeMeH BacWJhODWl

916 JIOB"111K rp11ropii1 644 Jloro<J>CT 755 Jlo.Hona lrHal..liH 381 JIOHI..\bKI1H Kacnap 512 JlonaTHHCbKHM 233 lloTap III 542, 902 lly.<a (ca. an.) 941 Jly.<aw (rpa<f> 3 rypK11, 003HaHCbKHH BO€BOJ.la) 406 Jl}'l<OMC&KHH (KtUI3b) 176 JlyKpel.(iR 66, 840 llYJCYJIJI (pHMCbKHH fiOJIKOBO,l\CUb) 943 Jlynir..tiH (pMMCbKHH KOMaH,o;ysaq) 749

Jiyuii1 III (nana) 846 Jly~ii1 KipcHeiki>Km155J Jlyuii1 <l>nop 22 Jl106apT fe.li.11MiHOIH14 (J11-1TOBCbKI-IM KHH3b)

125,127,174,306,317,319,409,850 JlJ060M11pCbKm1 Cc6acTiHH (rpaq> J B11cni"1a) 407, 882 J!JO.li.Bir fa6c6ypr (Jla;J.11CJian 00CTYM) (iMnepaTop) 554, 904 JliO).{uir (6paT Xpr1CTocfJopa, HiMel{bKOro KHH3H) 198 lliO.li.Bir J Honoro 145 Jl10.n.uiK (Jlailorn) I AHJKyitcbKHH (yropcbKHi1 i OO;lbChKfiM KOpOJJb) 74, J22-J30, 137,

146, 194,320,321,477, 743, 778,841, 849851, 873, 929, 936 Jho)J.oniK (Jiawom) II .Hrennou 373,374,570, 781, 782,877, 907,937 Jlio.AoBiK (Jlio.n.sir) IV EaoapcbKI1H 471,472, 474- 476, 893 lliO.li.OBiK VII Mono.n.umti ( q>paHUY3bKI1H KOpOJib) 776, 935 JliO.li.OBiK (JliO.ZI.DiK) (6auapcbKI1M KHH3b)

139,853 JliO.li.MM:Jia (.n.pYJKI1Ha Eop)f(11BOR) 568, 569 JIIO.li.MHJJa (.Apy)f(HHa 4CCbKOrO KOpOJIH Bna.n.HCJiaoaii.HreJIJIOHa)342 JIIO.AOJibcp (Jlro.n.ep, KHHJb EpayHwsatr3hK11i1) 472, 893 JIIO)J.OJlb<l> 18 JIIOTep MapTiH 16,510,556-558,852 JIIOTOMepCbKMH (JIIOTOMMpCbKHH) 5IH 286,

&58 JliOUiR (CB.) 534 JlR311.ll.-fipeil 221 llRMiTTep CTaHiCJias 150 JIRMnepT (JiaMnepT, JlaM6epT) (KpaKiBCbKHM €nHcKon) 80, 90, 844 JlRMnepT (cs.) 148,532, 795 Jlsmr KoH.n.paT 150 JIRHrBI1H (cHH Onbrep.n.a) 319, 409 JlHHI..\KOpOHCbKI1ll TipelJ,JlaB 368,377,428,

877,885 1IRHI..\KOpoHCbKI1H CTaHiCJiaB 186, 187, 190,

191,229,363-365,368,369,877 JlRnyuon TipoKoniii lle-rponw{ 672, 919 JlRTaJibCbKI1H CTaHicnao 377, 378, 460 JlRTepHa Mapnm 16,536 JlbBI1 683

M MaaHH 945 MaspHKi.H (si3aHTiHCbKHH iMnepaTop)

772,935 ManpHQi.H (co.) 82

967


OOKA)I{qJ1K IMEH MarHyc (6paT .naTCbKOro KopoJISl) 230, 232,

242, 251,500,504, 862,897 MarHyc (rpa~ MaaooeQ&KHi1) 96 Manryc O.Jia¢ (xpoHicT) 23, 899-901, 913 MaroMe,IJ. (MexMe.n) I l..JeJie6i 822, 947 MaroMeT (MyxaMe.n) (ocHononono:>KHHK iC.JiaMy) 168, 170,343,601,602,611, 707, 710,

716, 717, 787, 788,802,803,812,813,815-817, 819,823,825,827,857, 914, 946 MaroMeT (cyJITaH) - .ZJ.HB. MexMe.nll Ma.niaH (qeTnepT11H nn1 AnpaaMa) 811,

946 Ma3o442 Ma3ypoK Oc11n 20 MaiiJiaTH557 Mai1Hrap.n (nepwn.H pH3bKI1H €ni1CKon) 499,

541,8% MaKe.noHii1 608, 914 MaKp11H (no€naqanbJ-111K T')'Hin) 769 MaKceHu.ii'1 628 MaKCMM (p11MCbK11H KOMaH.l()'Baq) 749 MaKCHM <l>a6ii1 54, 838 MaKCHMiniaH (.nanHbOp11MCbK11H iMnepaTop) 552, 904 MaKCMMiniaH fa6c6ypr ( epu.repu.or) 15 MaKCI1Minian I fa6c6ypr (iMnepaTop «CasnueHHOI PnMCbKOI iMnepil») 159, 163,

178, 194, 199,350,358,484, 485,554, 781, 856, 895, 905, 936 MaKCI'IMiJiiaH II ra6c6ypr (iMnepaTop «Ca.snu:eHHOI PHMCbKO'i iMnepi},,) 222, 407, 554,557,570, 581, 782, 783, 861, 905, 907, 937 MaKcHMOOJP·I M. 880 ManaTecTa 557 Manro)f(aTa (MaprapHTa) (en.) 125, 135, 165,332,361, 467 ManeU.bKuii JIH (3 CouYa) 873 ManHHChKJ1i15IH 229 Man.s~:>K Jln 150 Manb6cpr repxap;l (Maricrp xpccTOHOCU.iH) 892 ManhChKHi'l 479 Ma.rrbxepona KaTa;.~oma 380 MaJibl{CU 0. 919 MaMai1 (xan 30JIOTOI Op~tu) 696, 922 MaMTaH (TaTaptbKI1H uap) 338 Mauri (Mym<c-xaH) (xau MoHrOJibCJ.J<o'i iMncpil) 691, 692, 920 MaueuT 915 Maunii1 U. (fHcii MaHnii1 MaKCifM) 301, 869 MauccpcnhJJ. Eyprap.A ¢on (KOMT)'P 3 OcTepoJJ.c) 873 Maprap111a (JJ.py:>KHHa B11po6ocnana) 468 Mapii-i U. (faii Mapiii) 301, 869 MapiHCCKY KocnmTI111 20

MapiH (IJ.OHr.Ka Om:.rep.na) 872 Mapi.SI (.ZJ.OHbJ<a TDCpCbKOrO KHR3.SI, .D.p}"A<11Ha fhmina) 305 Mapi.n (.D.OHbKa Toepci>Koro KH.SI3H, .llPY:>KI1Ha 0JJhrep1J.a) 319 Mapi.SI (JJ.OHbKa yropci>Koro Kopo;uJ Jho_uRiKa, yropcbKa 1<0po11eua, _upy-A<MHa MapKrpa<f>a C11rhMyH.na) 128,349,374, 778, 851, 936 MapiSI (J~p)':>Kl1Ha EopHca ro.a.yHona, .llOHhKa ManiOTH CKypaTona) 918 Mapi.SI (Mar,llaJI11Ha) )J.ecnoTilma 882 MapiS~ (nneMiHHHL.{H II~aHa IV, .npy:>Kima MarHyca) 862 Maph1 Mar.nan11ua (en.) 384 MapiS~-JI.o6porHena (.npy:>KI1Ha Ka3HM11pa I, .llOllbKa BCJII1KOro KHIDChKOro KHSI3.SI Bono.ll11M11pa Cn.HTOro) 86, 84 3 MapK (aKniJJeHChKHH naTpiapx) 151 MapK (€npei13 Bo3HHKin) 434 MapK (co.) 111,379,551, 796, 938 MapK An pen iii 903 MapKAHTOHii1544, 738, 903,926 MapKona (.n.py:>KuHa <l>Jiei1JJ.JJSI) 237 MapoT 816 MapTeCH (u.apHU.H aMa30HoK) 693 MapTwp MeTo.nyc 531 MapTiH V (nana) 481, 894 M apu.ia.JJ (Map•< Ba.rrepil':r Mapu.ia.rr) (noeT)

22,800,940 Mapu.iH (rH€3HeHCbK11H apxi€m1CKon) 92 Mapl.{iH (en.) 126, 175, 355,381, 745, 774,

850 MacanbCbKHH (KHR31>) 366 MacanhChKHH THMo¢ii1 (miTOBChKni1 WJIHXTI14) 645, 646 MacHHicca (HyMi.a.il':rcbKI1H u.ap) 795, 937, 938 Macnan (Ma30DCU.bK11H KHH3h) 86 MaTnii1 (yropc~>Knii Koponh) - ,!!.JIB. fyw1.ni (Kopm-m ) MaTiaw M;rrcpna (puM<.:hKitlvl CTapocTa) 767 MaTJ1JJh/{a (cecTpa OTToua II) 842 M;niac (MaTiam) fa6c6ypr (npamneJJb AncTpii') 788, 937 Manj)di (MaTniil) (cu.) 137, 608,804, 811 MaxcTalf (1G13aHChKllfJ xaH) 351 MaxMCJliH (MaxMeT-AMin, MyxaMe.n-EMiH)

705, 923 MaxMCT-fipcii (MyxaMe.a.-fipci1) I 354, 372,

176,705,710,885,923 Max MeT-nama 191, 195 Mauci-i (nllOJ{3JJanchKHii €BI1CKon) 473 Mal.{e fiOBChi<Hii Eepnap.a. (;uo6;IiHChKUif no€no;~a)

201, 206, '383, 434

MmlefwnchKnii CaMyeJih (KpaKinCbKnii HIIICI<On) /7 I

968


MeraT113 (l\lcraoa3) (nom<ono}l.CUh .LI.apin I)

768,934 Me3cuuii1 (eTpychKHii Llap) 653, 6n4, 917 l\leaeT 768 Me3u-nama 824 l\1eitHCKC <J). 0. 33 MciiceH AnbopcxT (l>oH (,'VILGpcxT <f>ou Maticeu) 3Jl, 871 MeK..'ICH6yp3hKHi1 XpucTocpop 513, 514 1\fcJICUI>Kni'&l\hmonaii 185, 187. 191, 196,

(j 16,

776, 915

Mm<o;Jaii (CIIII €JJM:1anent 36apa3hKOJ y mmo6i i3 B. Ganoponc~>KnM) 410 Mmwnai1 3 MocKO)J<Ona (npam1JibHO l0TCMCIIC 3 MocKO)f\(~na) 132, 8.51 J\luKOJiai1 3 Oco;JiHa Bic;mt\hKI'Ii-1 132 MnKonail :l Prma 344 MIIKOflaiiolKhKIIH 286 Mlllll>KO 1 76 Mup-nyna.n (TaTapchKI1H xan) 922 MuTpl1Jl.aT I (nap<j>HHChK11i1 uap) 400, 807,

219,233,236,237, 246,410,512, 760, 859, 861,887 MeJI~.>xice,AeK (6i6niih-111i1 uap

l\IIIKOJJaii (I<aM'HIICUt.KIIi1 €nJICKOn) 15() Mmwnail ( no:maHChKJtil apxiAJUTKOII) 120 Mm<OJJaii ( pyc~>KHii noEno;:{a) 155 M IIKOJJaii ( GlliJl.OMHpChKJ-li'& K<llllTCJIHH) 439 Mm<o.~1ai'1 (en.) 120,344, 577,605,606,613,

i cn.HUleHm<)

810,945 MeJihlllTJ.tHCbKHil 286 MeMep (Meuirapll.) (Maiiurap.A qJOu Knep<JlypT) (npycchKIIii MaricTp) 311, 312,

836,945 MHTPH.llaT VI €nnaTop 53, 838 MHxaln (apxicTpaTHr, cs.) 113, 170, 177,

871,872 MeMHOH 203, 800 McHrni-fipeii 1338,341,3.51-355,363,366,

262, 268, 308, 311, 388, 484, 569, 605, 606, 616,844,865,914

427, 705, 710, 87.5, 885, 923, 932 MeH,AOBr (MHH,AOnr, MeH,AOJJh<jl, MiH.Aayrac, MeH.AOJihcpyc) (nHTOBCbKHH KH.SJ3b) 18,

MHXaiJJ (ni,A<IallJHH MOCKOBCbKOfO KHfi3H)

303, 307, 308, 466, 870, 871

M11xaln III KyponanaT (ni3auTiHChKHH iMnepaTop) 50,401, 746, 835,879 M11xaiJI III Tianeonor (ei3aHTiHcbKHH iMnepaTop) 722, 906 MHxaw- .AHB. MHxai1no BHwHeReQbKHH, MHxawno Py)f(I1HChKHH, M11xaw Xopo6pml

177

MeH>KI1K .HH 3 ,lJ.oM6ponn 334 MeH:>KMHCbKHH MapuiH 222 MeHirap.A- ,AHB. MeMep MepOBCW <l>paHuy3hKI1H ( OCHOBOIIOJIO:>KHHK .llMHacTii MeposJ-mris) 770 Mepoe (cecTpa ipaHChKOro uap.SI KaM6i3a)

&?Jj

801,940 Me<fJo.Aiii (enHcKon EaTaBCbKHii) 694 Me<fJo,Aiii (cu.) 568, 722, 745, 879, 906, 924, 929 MexMe,A II <l>aTHX (3anowoBHHK) 345,346,

724, 737, 738, 744, 780,822-824,855,875, 924, 926, 936, 94 7 MexMe,A III (MaroMeT) (TypeQbKHW cynTaH)

790-792, 825, 826, 937, 948 Me•mcnas (MellJKo) I 12, 77-81,402,570,

683,774,841,842,880,935 Me'1HCJian (MElllKO) II JlaM6epT 83, 84, 102,

MHxaw I Xopo6p11i1 (BHTeaJyn) (nanacbKHH rocno,Aap) 430, 763, 765, 886, 933 M11xai1Jio (ni,AcKap6iw IoaHa IV) 658 M11xaiino ( c11H JJHTOBCbKoro KHR3H CHri3M}'H.n.a) 334, 337, 338 MHxaiiJIO CnonaK 127, 850 MHxaHJIO 10piHOBH'1 (pMHHK MOCKOBCbKOro KH.H3H) 706 Mm:.\HK 10pii1 6, 11, 28 MmiiKODCbKa .H.Aoira 244 MHWKOBCbKHH 3HrMyHT (CuriJM)'HA) 8, 397,

193,841-843

878

Me'1HCJias (MelllKO) Ill CTapHii 98-100,

MHWKOBCbKHH KpHWTO<t> 398, 879 MHWKOBChKHH fieTpO (nJJeMiHHMK €llHCK0na n. MHWI<OBCbKOro) 251 MHlllKOBCbKHH neTpo (nJJO~bKHH i KpaKiBCbKHH €IIJICKOO) 204,207,245,246,

102-105, 464, 846 Me'1HCJiaB (onoJibChKHH KHSI3b) 108 Me'1HCJiaB (nn:eMiHHMK BJJ(lAHCJiana repMaHa) 90 Me'1HCJiaB (cHH BoJIOAHMHpa Cs.SJTOro, TBcpCbKHH KHH3b) 403 Me'1HCJias (CHH MelllKa (Me'1HCJiana) I) 80 M€.1Iox i3 M.RcTICona 239 MexoncbKMH Maueif (nonbCbKHH xpoHicT)

9-11, 1.5, 22, 302, 409, 440, 460, 869, 882, 904, 913,929 M€WKO (cHH Ka3HMHpa I) 87

864,865 MHWKOBChKHH CnHTKO 26.5 MHlllKODChKHH CTaHiCJiao 487 MHlllKOBCbKHif .HH (nneMiHHHK €IIJ.SCKona II. MHwKonchKoro) 2.51 MHlllKOOCbKi 206, 396, 397 MiKepiH (<f>apaoH) 940 MineacbKHif 764

969


ll0KA)K'111K IMEH MiJJHHCbKHH 228 MinbKOUCbKliH Rey6 248 MiHraitno (cHn Ep.A3Hnina) 305,306 MiucbKHH CnHicnao 249 Mipaepn~KanyAaH (T)rpe~hKHii reTbMaH)

715

Mypa.A Ill (TYpeQbKHH cynTaH) 783, 786-788,

790.825,862,886,937, 948 MypHHiii Mapl.\iH (MapTiH) 444, 453,460,

468, 472, 481 Myp-ra.na 923 Myca 'llene6i (cHH Ea~3H.lla I) 822, 947 Mycra<j:>a 715, 717 MynsH 94

MipKOT (KHH3b) 776 MixaJJ (K)'XMicTp) 138 MixaJJ 3 Jlini~ 342 MJ.foawiiHHyw 137 MnO,ll3BCbKHH 231,232 Mno)l3SIHODCbKHH fia~HHT 762 MHaTa (c11H HeaaMHCna) 567 MHiweK €)1(i (l0pi1'1) 241, 246, 667, 863,

MyxaMeA- )lHo. MeXMe)l II MyxaMe,A-fipei:t (MexMeA-fipel-f) I (Kp11MCb-

918

MIOt-rcTep Ce6acTiSIH 22, 550, 904

MHiweKMapuHa27, 667,863,918 MHiweKYpcyna 918 MHoroCJJaB 3 OcKO)I(nHa 566 MorHJJbCbKHH (a6aT) 202 Moi1cei1 (6i6nii1HHH npopoK) 255, 260, 722,

Myxa 18, 347, 876 Kmi xan) 877, 878, 885 MyxaMeA-fipei1 (MaxM~ripei:f) II 717, 924,

933

H Haaop TeHqHHCbKHH 123 H aapya6eK M yxaMeA - AHB. Hapyw HaayxoAOHocop (aaBI1JIOHCbK1111 Qap) 802,

736, 795,811,816,899, 925,938,946

805,941,942

MOJJbCbKHH Rey6 653 MoHBI1JJ. (TpOL\bKHH noenoAa) 335,359 MoHiBH.ll (cliH feAHMiHa) 317,334 MOHJIIOK 195 MoHTBin (cHH KepHyca) 304 Mopane~b llyKaw 362 MopMop 170 Mopoaoa (6oSipHH) 645, 916 Mopoaoo Bono)lHMHp 647 MocK 52 MocKO)I(OBCbKHH (MocKo)l(eBcbKHii) M11Konai1 325, 873 Mocox (cHH Rc}:>eTa) 576, 664 MoTaJJa564 Mo\.IOK (KOM3HAyaaq MOJJ)laocbKOro BiHCbKa) 168- 170 McTHCJJan ( CJI)'~bKHH KH~3b) 306 McrHCJJaa BeJIHKHH 880 MCTI1CJI38 13SICJI3BJ1'll 881 McTHCJiaB McTHCJlaBHq ( CHH McTHCJiaaa

Hara M apiSI (MaTI1 1.\apeBH"'a .l(MMH1piSI)

~3DJ1AOBI1"13)40~881

McTHcJiaacbKHH M11xai1no 360 McnfCJiaocbKHH 10pil1 337 M cTHCJiancbKi 348 M y)I(I1JIO M11xa.H.Jio 331,333 My)KHJIO <l>eAip 333 Mya11qyK OJibra 28 MyHAyc (AManacyHTa) ( ocTroTCbKI1H KOpOJib) 770, 934 MyHKe-xaH - AHD. MaHri Mypa.ll I (rypeQbi<HH cynTaH) 752, 821, 932,

947 MypaA II (1}'peQbKHH cyJITaH) 144, 734, 738,

779, 780, 822, 853, 925, 936, 947

917 H a,u.po (c11H Bel'f.lleB}'Ta) 449, 451 HaneH"'i 683 Han11oai1Ko CeaepHH 860 HaM&icnoocbKi (KHSI3i) 133 H aHKep (KpaKiocbKHH enMcKon) 121,472 H apaec (Hapcec, HapceT) (aiaaHTiiicbKHH OOJIKOOO)le~b)

750, 77J, 931, 934

HapHM)'HT (CMH fe)J.MMiHa) 317 HapMM)'HT (cHH OnbrepAa) 319,409 HapHM)'HT (cMH Tpa6yca) 309, 310 Hapyw (Haopya6eK MyxaMe)J.) (xaH 3oJioToi OpAH) 696, 922 HaTaHro (cm-1 Beii)leBYTa) 449, 450 H aUJ.OKiH 239 HeaH,Aep MixaeJib (xpoHicT) 22, 873 HeoepcbKi (KHSI3i) 207 HerOQbKm1 OraHiCJiaB 188 H eaa6HTOOCbKMH JI J<Y6 229 H e3aMMCJI (CMH nweMHCJia i Jli6ywi) 563,

567 H eKJJaH (qecbK11H Koponu) 568 HeMupH"' IOpiti 355 HeMpoT 769 HeMCT.H 206, 749 HepoH (iMnepaTop) 284,302,548, 549, 628, 651,66~ 73~825,87~

903,916

HecTop (AaBHuorpeQbKI1H repoif) 925 HecTop574 HecTopiii (KoncTaHTMHonoJJbCbKHH enMCKOfi) 921 Heqyi 683 HeMChKMi1 236

970


n0

K A )K LJ I1 K I M E H

HHKucpop I (ir.mcpaTop) 50, 746, 835, 929 HHKOJ!ali l Bemnmii (mum) 746, 929 HuMpo.n (Hcr.tpoT) 806, 944 HnCKJUI (.nepcummChKJ1JI Ktul3b) 402 HiKaJiii (en.) 770 HiKOJiaC reopr 22 H iKoMax 739, 899 Hin (npam1TeJ1hACc11pil) 806,807, 944

O"mi 683 Oller (nepeucnaBChKIIif l<IIH31>) 314 Oller CnnTOC:I~lDJI'lJ 402 OJI C I<Call)~p (6paT lnalla ni;"J,J<OBII) 434,

Hi~llltbKHii

358,484,585,587, 710, 754,855, 876, 910, 923 0JJCKCaH/\p I ( MOllt~al3Cbi01H •·ocno.nap) 138, 752, 853, 932

762 0JICKCa!!.ll.p (MOJI)J.aBChKHll rocno;~ap) 874 OlleKcaHJlp (em-1 KaJJIMHpa IV 5lreJIJJOH'-IHKa) 153,155 157,342,347-353,355,357,

236

Hommu 683 HonocenbCbi<i 408 Horaii (TaTapcbKHii xan) 110, 113.847,848 Holi 15, 46, 47, 52,300, 692, 745, 750, 768,

OlleJ<caHJ\P Jlenyumuny (MOJJJJ.aBcLKMil

805, 833, 835, 837, 929, 934, 944

rocno;~ap)

HopsaJib.D. (om xana EttHH-fipeH) 341 Hoc (pycLKHW KH.HJh) 335 HocKoncLKm1 AH.D.>Kdi 382 HocKoncbKi 206 Hyp.ABJI.HH (nocon TaTapcbKoro xaHa) 345 HypcynTaH (.npynoma XeJiea.JJeKa) 705

OncKciii (OJ!CXHO) (6paT MOJIJJ.aBCbKoro rocno.n.apS~ PoMaHa) 146, 753 O ;reKciii (en.) 142 OlleJibKO ( OJieKcan.np) BoJIO.llHM11pOBH'-I (KHIBCbKIIH KH513b) 881 0JICJibKOBI1'-Ii 881 0JieCHI1l(bKa Coc:pi.H 245 0JICCHI1QbKHM (Kapt\11HaJI) 854 0JICCHI1ltbKHH ( KaUITeJI.HH Ma.JIOrOCbK11W)

0 06oJieHCbKI1H ( n po3opoBCbK1111) MI1K11Ta

165- 167,185, 758-760,857,933

623,624

668

06oneHCbKI1W 623, 624 06oneHCbKi ( 6paTM) 26, 623 Os.nyJI (A6.na.nJiax) (TaTapcbKMw xaH) 922 Osi.uiw HaJoH 13, 22, 23, 24, 54, 55, 427, 534,

0JICCHI1QbKHM 172 OnecHI1UbKHi136irH€B 136, 171 0JIO}l.apiyc (OHYKATTim-t) 771 OJiocpepH 805 Onb6paxT- .LJ.HB • .HH 0Jib6paxT OJibra (€neHa) (.u.py>KI1Ha Irop.H) 402, 603,

546,699, 709, 710, 712, 721, 723, 726-729, 737, 738, 742, 751,836, 838,923, 927

604,880

Os'-UiHa (lsaH 0n'-IHHa-06oneHCbKHi1TenenHhOB) ( MOCKOBCbKMM 6o.HpMH) 160,

OJibrep.u (JIHTOBCbKHi'i KH.H3b, Cl1H re.nHMiHa) 125,315-319,365,409,476,586,850,872,

376,379,629,856, 916 08'-IHHa ,UMHTpO 629, 630, 9J6 0B'-IHHH11KOB JsaH 28 Oreno (uHneTCbKHW Koponb) 796 O.na (.noHbKa MapKrpac:pa ,UiTpixa, .npyn<uHa MeiiiKa I) 842 O.nep6opH (HiMeQbKHH MCM}'apMcT) 22 O.nep6opH nayJib (xpoHiCT) 873 O.uiccew - .D.HB. Y nice 0):(HoporM 683 0):(oaKp (O.uoHaQep, 0):(oaHQep) 15, 16,

401,879 QJ:(0€BCbKi 408 OJJ.pOBOH>K neTpo 146, 147, 753 O.nposoHn< CTaHicnas 373 O.nponOH)J(HH 345,364,875 0):(pOBOH)J(i 683 O.npoBOH)J(iBHa Coc:pi.H 3ecnpona 383

O.nyynb<j> 837 0eT815 Q)f(exoscbKMW AH,n)J(eM 241 Q)f(exoBCbKMH CTaHicnan 172 Q3HpeQbKHA(KH.H3h)366

883,910 0JibJ(eH6yp3bKi (rpaqm) 556 Onb.u.pux (On.np>tmx) ('-leCbKHw Koponb) 84,

843 0Map (xa11i<P) 939 0naJiiHChKui1 AH.zv~<ew 206, 245, 246, 383,

491,864 OnaJiiHcbKHw fieTpo 383 Ona.niHebKi 383 Onbo 109 OniJOH 3 MeJeaHy (nancbKHW JieraT) 404,

881 OpHHCbKHW ToMam 243 OpireH 796, 938, 939

OpliH683 OpceJib BepHep .ne (BepHep c:poH OpcenbH) (MaricTp xpeCTOHOCL{iB) 471, 892 OpTHri.H 65, 693, 694, 840 Opc:paHiH (nana) 606 OpxaH (T}'PCUbKHw cyJITaH) 821, 947 OpxoBCbKHW EpoHicnan 248 Oc1mpKo 176

971


nOKA)I{qJ1K IMEH OcMaH (OToMaH) I (Typeu.~>KMH cynnm) 821,

947 Oct.tanw 947 0CMOJibCbKHH 218 OconcbKMH: 189 Occep11X- ,AHB. noneJJb I OcconiHCbKHH rep6a « Tonopn 227 OcrepniHr Donne KoHpa.A <f>ou (Tionno <f>oH 0cTep6ax) (MaricTp xpecTmmcu.io)

334,405,881

466, 467, 892 OcTepo,Ae (KOMTYP xpecTOHOcQin) 320 OcToi 683 0cTp03bKa AHHa (.AOHbKa OneKcaH.Apa KocTSIHTHHOBH'4a 0cTp03bKOro) 407 OcTpoabKa AHua-AnoiJa (XoAKenu:q) (.AOHbKa KocTSIHTHHa II 0cTp03hKoro) 882 0cTp03bKa ra.JJwKa 409, 883 0cTp03bKa EJJh>K6eTa (.AOHhKa KoCTSIHTHHa OneKCaH.ApOm1'4a 0cTpo3bKOro, '4eTBcpTa .APY>KHHa KpwwTo<f>a Pa.,u,3HBinna) 407, 882 0cTpo3bKa KaTepm·Ia (.AOHbKa OJieKCaH,Apa KoCTSIHTHHOBI1'4a OcTpoabKoro) 407 0cTp03bKa KaTepHHa ( €m1aaneTa, fanwKa) (.AOHbKa Inni KocTSIHTMHODH'·I a Ocrpo3bKOro) 406, 882 0cTp03bKa KaTepHHa (3aMoikhKa) (.AOHbKa KocTSIHTMHa II 0cTp03bKoro) 407 0cTp03bKa-Pa.,u,3I·miJJJJ KaTepHHa (,nOHhKa KocTSIHTHHa OneKcaH,npoBH'4a 0cTp03bKoro) 407, 882 0cTp03bKa Co<f>i.H (.n.oHhKa OJieKcaH,npa KocTSIHTHHOBM'·I a 0cTp03bKOro) 407 0cTp03bKa Cocpi.H (Jli060MHpCbKa) (.AOHhKa KocTSIHTHHa II 0cTp03hKoro) 882 0cTp03bKa Ypwyn.H (,noHbKa OncKCaH,npa KocTSIHTMHOBH'4a 0cTp03bKoro) 407 0cTp03bKHH BacHJJb PoMaHosu1.1 (BacHJibKo) 405, 870,881 0cTp03bKHH BacuJJb <1>e.nopool1'4 405, 881 0cTp03hKHH )l.aHHJIO BacHJihOOM'4 122, 405,

849,880 0cTp03hKm1 IsaH BaouJbOUM'4 (6aThKO KocTHHTHHa I 0cTp03bKoro) 405, 881 0cTp03bKHH Inn.H: ( cMH KocTjfHTHHa I 0cTp03bKoro) 406, 882, 883 0cTp03hKHH Kocnmnm (CHH KocniHTHHa II IoaHOB11lla 0cTp03bKoro) 407, 863, 882 0cTp03bKHi1 KocniHTI1H ( CHH 0JICKCaH,npa KOCTSIHTHH0811'4a 0cTp03bKOf0) 407 0cTp03hKHi1 KocnmTHH I IsanonH'4 18, 158,

205,219,246,351,352,362,364,365,367, 369-371,377, 405- 407, 856,876,881,882 0cTp03bKMH KocTjfHTHH II (KocTSIIITHHBacnnh) InaHODH'4 229, 237, 406, 407, 430, 861-864, 882, 886

0cTp03bKHH McTHCJJas ( cuH .llanuJJ,a 0cTp03bKOro) 404 OC'rpoabKHH OneKcaH.Ap ( CHH KocTSIHTMHa II 0cTpo3bKoro) 407, 863, 864, 882 0cTp03bK~-ti1 OneKCaH.np ( CI1H OJieKcaH.npa KocTHTHHouuqa 0cTpo3hKoro) 407 0cTp03bKHli PoMaH (KHSI3b) 369 0cTp03btmi1 <l>c.Aip (<l>e,nbKO) <l>e,nopom1'4 0CTp03bK11i.f <l>c,nip ,llaHI1JJODI1'4 ( CB. <l>e,nip, <l>eo,nocii1, Teo,nop) 404, 405, 874, 881 0cTp03bKHH IOpiii BacMJJhOBH'4 (po,AoHa'4aJJbH.H.K ,lJ..H.HaCTii 3acJJaBCbKHX) 881 0cTp03bKHi1 .flHyw (c11u KocTjfHTHHa II 0cTpo3bKoro) 229, 407, 862-864, 882 0cTp03bKi (KHSI3i) 352, 404, 880, 882 OcTpopor 328 OcTpopor CeH.A3inol1 142,330,481 OcTpopor CTaHicJJao 344 OcSIHJI.p 172 OcbU.iK 237, 238 OcbQiK fp11ropil1 351 0TDI1HOBCbKHH RH 763 0TOMaH - .A.H.B. OcMaH I 0Tpwra 800 Orro a XoA'4a 364 0TTOH (6paH,ll.eH6yp3bKHH MapKrpa<f>) 850 0TTOH (€DHCKOn) 541 0TTOH (om JlemKa III) 70 OrroH I BeJJHKHH 121,401,546,556,570,

842, 879, 903, 906 0TTOH II (iMnepaTop «Cnmi.\eHHOI PHMCbKoi iMnepii») 842 Orrou III (iMnepaTop «CDSII.J.\CHHOi PHMCbKOI iMnepil») 81, 82, 269, 843, 866, 890 OrroH IV (iMnepaTop «CDHI.I.\CHHOI P.H.MCbKol iMnepil») 464, 891 OrroH GaoapcbKHH 123,849 Orran I 111Ba6chKI1H 538, 901 0TTOH JlHHI' 194 O<f>Ka ( onoJibCuKa KHH>KHa) 132 OxoJijf (IO.ll.CilCbKHH u.ap) 942 Ou.ecbKUH Moax.HM 250 Ou.ecuKi 206

n OaucJJ (niJieHCbKllH €fli1CKOn) 309 0aUCJJ (KpaKiBCbKHrl €flllCKOn) 115, 116 nanno (en.) 74, 134, 423, 472, 551, 606, 609, 611,61~

774,802,885,941 Oanno II (nana) 855 OanJIO V (nana) 491, 492, 895 0aOJIO )lH.HKOII (ni3aHTii1CbKI1fl xpouicT)

22,531, 900 nanJio CHpiEU.b b CaMOCaTI1 611

972


nOKA)){LII1K IMEH nanJio .HCCIICblmii 150, 151, 3]8, 342, 34;, 875 nauCaHiiJ 22, 400, 8i9 na,aHCBChKIItl (KpctKiBChKIIii flU1CKOn) 487 na,nHCilCbKi 185, 206 naKOCJiaB Pat~i6opOlH1'lf 108 naKOCJiaiKbKMi1 fcupiK 333 DaJieMOH /6, 17,302, 3(}3, 387, 870 DaneOJIOf <l>oMa (neJIOOOIIHCChKIIiJ )lCCnoT) 349 OaneOJIOI'II 823, 94 7 nanef.lhKMif BaCIIJlb 175 flaJibtiOOCbKHii flauJIO 15, 25, 581, 6 77 0aHeBChKm1 Kacnap 760 OaHHOH 768 flaHTCOH 796, 938, 939 nanpottbKII ~i EapTOlll 13, 22, 404, 460, 88 I napana MuKOJiaii 147, 753 napacKena (npaKCI1)~a) (.AOHhKa Eop11Ca OoJIOllbKoro) 306, 870 flapHC 251, 738, 927 nacceK B. 31 flaTpHllii1 (om KeiicTyra) 319, 409 nau C-raHiCJian 165, 173, 177, 85 7 flaqa KocTbOJibChKHi1 150 nawKoscbKHi1 MapuiH (nOJibCbKHi1 noeT) 12, 13, 15, 19, 24, 25,396, 494, 676, 686, 910 flC,!J.CMOHTaH 792 fle.AHKa (Tiep.U.HKKa II) (MaKe,AOHCbKI1H uap) 768, 934 fleKiJieiirni 778 fleKOCJiaDCbKHH 236 fleHTCCHJii.sr 65, 203, 565-567, 694, 840, 906 fleHbOH)KCK (KpaKiOCbKHH CTapOCTa) 149 fleHbOH)KCK fl poKin 241 0epHC3 fufHa 246 OepHicTeH <l>iJJin ( OOCOJJ iMnepaTopa MaKCHMiJJiaHa) 581 0eTa (TaTapCbKHH BOEHatiaJibHHK) 108 neTpaw 3 EapaHona (6apaHOUCbK11H) 127,

850 Oe-rpaw TypcbKiiH 125 ne-rpcH.sr Bouuex 434 neTpl1JIO (fleTpO v Kp11R11H) (6paT sanacbKoro rocno.n.ap.st) 210, 211, 214, 219, 43(}-433, 761, 762, 860, 886, 887, 933 ne-rpHJJO (fle-rpo IV Papern) (MOJI,!J.aDCbKHM rocno.u.ap) 160, 221, 755-759, 856, 932 rie-rpKOBJ.fl.f 109 ne-rpo (Mon.nascbJmu rocno.nap) 146, 170,

854 ne-rpo (KinpCbKJ.fH KOpOJib fleTpo I) 123, 849 Oe-rpo (KpaKiBCbKHH DOEBO)la) 110

JlCTf>O (l'J>al<iOCbKlll'! €1111CK011) 1 rJ neTpO (KpaKiBCbKIIii €1JliCKOn) 25/ fleTpo (flC'rpo I MymaT) (6paT MOJI.llaBCbKOro rocnof{ap}j CTe<flana) 123, 752, 849,

9n fl cTI)O (panchKHii noEno.n.a) - /.lltn. MJ1lllI<OBChKHii KpnwTo~> rieTpo (en. au.) 85, 134,423, 424, 472,542, 577, 606, 608, 609, {j/6, 774, 885, 943 IlcTpo (cmr PoMaua II) (MOJIJ{<lBChK11ii 1' 0\110)\<.tp) 75 3, 932 ncTpo (cT.IJ10CTa J-h1)KIIhOro Honropo,Aa) 631 Il eTpo (yn>pC!>tmii 1<0pom.) 774, 935 Ilc1 po Aapon (MOJIJ{anchrmfl rocno.n.ap) 147, 753, 854, 932 Ile1p0 13JlOCTOBI1'·1 845 fleTpo .ll.yi1c6yp3r.Knii 23 fleTpo I 27 TieTpo Momna (en.} 933 Il€JiaC (JIJITOBCbKHH naH) 311 fl€pXJil1HCbKMti 361, }62 fli1JJCUbKIIH (IliJICf.lhKII~I) rep6a «Jl eJJiBa)> 758 flirJIOUCbi(l1a 243 Ili.n.Koua IBaH 19, 43D-434, 762, 887, 933 Ili3o IoaHH (nocoJI nanM JleoHa X) 678 fliKKOJJOMiHi EHeii CiJJhnio (fliii II) 22, 23, 136,301,440,544, 744, 751,869,887, 931 Ilinan11 683 fliJICf.lbKMH MHKOJJaii 365 TiiJief.lbKHH .HH 365 fliJJellbKi 0TTI1 (.lliM) 139 TiiJiiK (napmaBChKHM BO€BO,!J.a) 133, 328 lliJibBiT 446 IliJibXORCbKifH A,naM 246 TiiniH (IliniH KopoTKMH) (3aCHOBHI1K AHHacTil KapoJiiHriB, <f>paHU.Y3hKHii npaBHTCJJb) 773,935 fliniHyc (npyccbKHH KH.st3b) 466 Ilipp (soJJo.n.ap Enipy) 737 nippa 927 TiicHMOHT (cnn CKHPMYHTa) 306 IliCTOpiH 10 Tii<Parop 741, 928 fliX08CbKI1H 24 I Ilif.liMiH 557 TIHOHTKOBChKHH 243 flJJauT TiT 24, 574 flJICl)Ki749 flJiaTOif 739, 899 flJJayeH feHpix Po.Hc <t>oH (npycchKHH Maricrp) 315, 341, 480, 483,484,872, 875, 894 flJiayen Pyccep <f>ou 121

973


TIOKA)I(l.JHK IMEH npoHCbKI1H BaotJib 9 I 6 IlpOI-tCbKHH 0JICKCaH).l.p (lm"iBCbKHH DO€UOAa) /97,409,883 TipOHCbKi 408 Tipyc (TipyciJ1) (ni~>iiiChKHi.f KOpOJib) 440,

llneTeH6epr Ban&Tep <PoH (MaricTp JliBOHCbKOI"O OpAeH}') 509, 898 nnell.\e€8 241 llniuii.:f CTapumi.:f (faii TIJiiHiii CcK)'HA) 22,

47,301,540,695,737,738,743,800,812,833. 836, 921, 926, 940

887

TIJiiuoc (IOHaK a TaTapc&Koro ni~rchKa)

Ilpyc (llpyTen, EpyTeHyc, IlpyrcHyc) 17,

693

443

finoMiHCbKI1H .HKy6 479 n.nyrapx 22, 741, 928 Tio6i.AJHHCbKa MarAa.netla 1 72 TioropeUbKHil 239 no;(ropel~bKIIii Ba.LVlaU 248 TIOWJbO,l\OBCbKHH 239 Dmt<aponchKmi 764 TioJBHJJJ. ( cuH BoJIOJ\11M11pa Cn.siToro, BOJUIHCbKifH KI-UI3b) 403 TIOJICHIIUbKi 109 TioJii6ii1 297, 868 TIOJIOTIUICbKHll 235 TioJiy6eHCbKI1H (KIUI3b) 230, 649 Tiomoc (K03aK) 362 Tior.taCbKUH (KCbOfiA3) 670 TIOMC30 449, 456 nor.mel1 (fHei1 TioMnerl BeJIJ1KMH) 93, 811,

llpyc11 683 Ilcapc~>Imi1 G-rauicJian 229 fiTOJICMCJ 834, 938, 942 IlTC>JieMCif (IlTOJICMCM .I{;IaU).l.iH) 22, 45-47,

50, 51, 53, 300, 302, 400, 442, 537, 549, 587, 692, 695, 749, 832, 836, 868, 921, 931 IlTOJICMCH I CoTcp (Cim Jlara) 803, 938, 942 llToJieMcil II <J>iJia,llCJib<f> 796, 938 Il)'JI~-TCM11p (TaTapCbKI1H xaH) 922 llyniTI1'-110pii1 910 IlyxaJia 479 nyxaJibCbKa HaTaJI.H 28 0yLtHTa 231 nweA6op 3 EcpecT.H (i3 G)I(C3.H) 127,850 flweMCK (n03HaliCbKI1H MilUaHHH) 120

844,845,946 Tiol'tmcii Tpor 22, 400, 879, 920, 928 TioMnOH (TioMno, KoHp~ <PoH TIOpiHreH) (npycc&KHH MaricTp) JOB, 109 TIOM.SIHI..ti 683 TIOI-IT0'-1 Co<Pi.R 246 floHryc (reTbMaH WBC).l.CbKOrO KOpOJI.R) 242 noneJih I (CHH JiemKa Ill) 70, 73, 840 noneJib II 17, 71-74, 193, 274, 840 IlOpHQbKHH A.JJeKCaH,u.p 410, 763 TiopHQbKi 410, 883 TIOpTa 195 nopTiK}'C BiHLtCHTiH 178 TiopyAHHCbKHH 239 nocceniHi AHTonio (nancbKHH nyuuii1) 22,

25,678 TioTOUbKHH 172 TIOTOUbKHi151Ky6 364 TIOTOUhKHi.f .HH 763, 765, 933 TioTOUbKi 766 no.HTa (AOHhKa KyKynoiiTa) 306 n paDJ\311'-1 BJIO,lJ.CK 758 npa13;(311'-Ii 683 TipaH,U.OT (KpaKiBCbK1111 €1111CK011) /07 npeTDH'-1 EepHaT (EepHapA) 380, 766, 878 np)I(CM11CJI II 0TTOKap (OTOKap) 118, 777,

OrneMHCJI ('-IOJIOBiK Jli6yrni, OCHOBOOOJIO)I(IH'IK neprnOI KOpOJiiBCbKOI ,lJ.I1HaCTii n llexi.i) 563-568, 906 flWCMHCJI 0TOI<ap ('-1eCbKUi1 KH.H3b) 570,

907 nweMI1CJial3 (IlwCMHCJI) II (6paT BJI~H­ CJianaJioKOTKa) 116, 117, 121,554,848, 904 nmeMHCJiau ( CUH JlewKa III) 70, 194 IlWCMHCJiaB (cnoTaBCbKIIM KH.R3b) 115 nweMiiCJian - ).1.118. JiewKO I IlmcMHCJian ToweuhKHH (ocneHuiMCbKHH KII.H3h) J49 nwcMliChKIIii CT~\HicJiaB 228 Ilnm611CJian (Cim JlcmKa III) 70 IlwH€MCbKIIi1 CTaHiCJiau 243 Il.HCCUhKuii .HH (nopyqHnK npu ,llM. BHwHencqhi<OM)') 168, 857 fiHCKOilChKHI1 IlaneJI J48 O'.HCT I<pymuiUhKIIli 73 75, 193,839,841 Il'nCTii 841

p Paan 810, 945 Panw1i 875 PanChi<i68J Pa;J.naH 36, 683 Pa;~CIJ.hi<IIIi 189-1 91 Pa;~3ImiJIJI EapGapa 163,

857, 408, 882

848,936 TipiaM 846, 927

PaJJ.3ImiJIJI Ellh)I(UCTa (AOHbKa KpmiJTo<j>a I

npoKoniit KccapiHCbKHH 50, 53, 743,835 TI pOHCHCbKHi1Kn<11WTO<}> 248

PM3ImiJIJI €1f<i ( Clm M HKOJian Pa.p,:nmi11Jia <<llOpHOrO>>, KpaKillChKIIii €011CKOn) 408,882

Pa.n.J&miJIJia) 882

974


TIOKA)K'li1K IMEH PM31minn Kp11UJTo<j.> I <<TiepYft>> (reTbMaH BKJl. nincrKhKJH1 noEno~a) 233, 234, 237.

PHTarop 64, 65, 193 PJ-JTDIIHCbKI1M 483 PJ.-u:f>aT 51, 835 PmtJTeH6epr (PuxTeu6epr) feHpix Pecpniu <poH (npycchKMii MaricTp) 484, 894 PumKa (uneMiHHJ11.(}f iMnepaTopa 0TToua)

240,246, 247, 407, 408, 463, 862,864, 882 Pa,nJrmiJIJI KpHUJTo<j.> II (cuH P~JJmiJina Kprmnoq)a I) 408, 882 PMJHDinJJ MuKoJiaJ1 ( CJIH l\Imwna.H Pa,n3J1oi.Jlna «Py~oro,,) 242, 408, 863, 882 Pa.n.armiJIJI MJ1KOJiaii (cuH M11K01Ia.H Pa,n3uni.J1Jla CTaporo) 351,876 PMJHBinJI MuKonaif << Py~m'1,, /64,231,232,

82 Pitiap~ KopHyenhCI>Km'1468, 892 PomoJio~ Bac11J1ii1

246, 408, 505, 857, 862, 863, 882

750,931

PMJMoi.Jin Mmwnar, << l..fopuuii>> 408, 860.

864,882 PM311UiJIJI MHKOJiaJ'i KpnuiTo¢ <<CnpiTKa» ( CJm MnKOJlaJI Pa~31minna « 1..f opHoro») 7, 8,

22, 23, 197, 205, 297, 383, 385, 408, 795, 797, 800, 801,803,804,810,818,819, 860, 878,882, 937, 940, 945 Pa,n.JHBiJIJI Ml1I<OJiai1 CTapHi1 876 Pa.nJMBiJIJI M11KOJiai110pit1 (€:>Ki) (nineHCbKHH €ni1CKOn) 205,246, 382,857, 864,878 Pa.n.JHBiJIJI Onb6paxT (Anb6pexT) (MapUJaJIOK BKJI, CMH M11Kona.s~ Pa,n311ainna «l.JOpHOfO») 242, 408, 864, 882 Pa.n.JMBiJIJI CTaHicnan ( CHH MMKonaR Pa,nJnaiJIJia «l.JOpHoro») 408, 882 Pa,n.JHBiJIJI RHyUJ ( CI1H Pa,n3l1BiJIJia Kp11UJTD-

306

Poro31UICL>KHi1 M11l<O}Jail 248 PollcpuK (Po~epix) (Koponr. nccTr·oTin) Po.11.ona 800, 940 Po)l<a /u1,n:>Kcrr 344 Po)l<naH (yropct.KHM DO:>KJJ.b) 763 Po)l<CI·I Cm·bMyu.n. 187, 190 PmKi 683 PmKHif 749 PoJrOH Ce6aCTinl 780 Po3JJ.Opcp Daynb cpoH (Dayn b cpon Pyc,nop<f>) (MariCTp XpCCTOHOCQiB) 481, 482, 894 Po3pa:>KcuchKill'l KpHwToq> 233, 234, 240 Poik feHpix- JJ.l1B. lliayeH feHpix Poi1c <j:>oH PoMaH (6pRHCbKI1i1 KHSI3b) 314 PoMaH ,lLaHHJIOBJ14 (KHSI3b ra..nHQbK11i1) 404,

405,847,881

cf>a I) 408, 882

PoMaH II (MoJI.aauchKHM rocno.aap) 146, 752,

Pa,n.3HBWI1 296,314,315,382, 407, 408 Pa.n.JnMI1HCbK11i1 CTaHiCJias 246, 409, 883 Pa.LJ.11M 402, 879 Pa3pa.:>KeBChKI1i1 €poHiM 246 PaiHa (lpMHa) MorHJIRHKa (~OHbKa €peMii MornJIM) 933 Pai1HOJib~3 PHJroHa 150 PaM}'aio 10, 31 PaQKO TiaBJio 248 Pa"'KOBCbKHi1 175 Pe6oncbKHH fa6pieJib 191 Pena (roTCbKHH KopoJib) 769 Pe~eii MeJibxep (BO€HatJaJibHMK ciJie3Qio)

753, 854, 932

786 Pei 206 Peil 36irH€B 147 Peii MHKOJiai1 3 HarJIOBML\b 171

PeM844 PeniKaUJ ( CI1H MeH~onra) 308 PeqatfcbKI1i1 (napmancbK11i1 KawTemm) 242 PeR Ci.nbsisr 844 P11Kca (~p)':>KHHa M€mKa II) 83, 84, 193, 842 PHMOHT (om Tpoi1.n.eHa) 310 PuMCbKHH·KopcaKOB lrHaTiH 922 PHHrOJibT (c11H fe.npyca) 306-308 P11cca (.n.p)':>KMHa qecbKoro KopoJisr Bal\1la-

sa) 118

PoMaH McTncJiaoH"' BenHKlii1 (KHSI3b Ta..TIHL\bKQ-BOJIHHCbKHH) 404, 870, 88/ PoMiJib,lla (iTaJiii1ChKa KopoJiena) 772 PoMyn 90, 844 PoMyJI AarycryJI (ocTaHHii1 iMnepaTop ,l(aBHbOpHMCbKOI iMnepii) 768, 879, 934 Poe (Porny) 400, 879 PoT CHri3MYH.A 330, 336 Py6pyK fiiioM .ae 920 PyJJ.HHU.bKHH llli1MOH 490 Py.n.onb<J> (JIIOJlOJib<l> KeHir <j>oH Bai1Qaay) (caKCOHCbKHH KHH3b) (MaricTp xpccroHOCQiB) 475, 893 PyJJ.OJib<jl ( HiMel\bKMi1 iMnepaTop) 119 Py.nonh<Jl I fa6c6ypr (iMnepaTop «Crum~CH· Hoi PHMCbKOi iMnepii») 468, 469, 554, 570,

892, 904, 907 Py.nonbcp II fauc6ypr (iMnepaTop «CBHJ..UeHHoi PHMCbKOi iMnepii») 554,570, 782-784, 786, 863, 905, 907, 937 fy:>KHHCbK11H Bor~aH 883 Py:>KMHCbKHii KHpHK Oc-ra<f>iiioBM'I 430,883,

886 Py:>KMHCbKHi1 MMKOJia Oc-ra<Pii1oBM"' 883 Py:>KHHCbKHii M11xai1no 430, 883, 886 Py)KHHCbKMii OcTa<}>iii 883

975


llOKA)l(ql1K IMEH P}I)I(HHCbKi 4}0, 883 Pyi3 neTpo 382 PyKJJb ( CHH MeH.uonra) 308 PyM60JibT (MapwanoK BKJI) 335 PynepT ( nopMCbKHH €ni1CKOn) 541 PynepT (JieriUII.\bKni1 KliH3b) 850 PynepT (PynpexT) Ocf>aJibl\hlmH (iMnepaTop «CmmJ.CHHol PHMCbKOI iMnepil») 478,

CaHrylllKO «l>e.uip AH.upiiiosw.J 409, 882 CaHrylllKO <l>c.uopa (JJ.OHbKa PoMaHa Catrryw~<a)

893 PynepT ra6c6ypr 554 Pyc (nHyK Jlexa) 400, 839 Pyc.nop<Jl naynb <J>ou- JliiH. Poa;lop<J> Ihtyn~> <Jlon P)'CCUbKitll 175 P)'CMH 400 PycoU.bKnli l-.htKonm'"i (rcpGa ··Kopa6»)

356 PycOU.bKuii <l>pauu.imcK 514 PI<>pltK 402, 588. 626, 879 P10p11KOlut'-li 879

c C. P. (S. R.) 25, 670 Caa,naT-ripci'"i I 373, 376, 877, 878 Ca6cnniK (MapKo Ca6enniKo) 22, 48, 738,

834 Ca6iHyc reopr 873 Ca6ypon rpuropin 177 Caoyposa €BJlOKi}l ('-leTnepTa JJ.py)f{uua lnaHa IV) 918 CanchKa (u.apm.lH AycTpy) 801, 940 Ca,nct.J·ripei 710 Cain-ripdi- ,ZJ.Jm. Caq>a-ripei1 Cai1Mo (om BenJJ.CH}'Ta, 6paT Jls1Tnoua)

302,449,450 CanaJ].HH (Ca;Jax-aJJ.-.nsm) (u•me1ChKHil C)'JJTaH) 805, 944 CanmocTii-1 T32 CanTHKOn-ll.J.ellpiu M. €. 21, 32 CaM6op11yc ( noMopc~>Kui1 KJUJ:JJ,) 461 ca~mO:IifiCI.Kifll Boi1J~CX

361

CaMyrn (Gi6nii1md1 npopoK) 257, 2o0 CaMy.in (canoi1chKHi1 KJUUh) 792 CaHrymKI1 409, 85 7, 88 '3 CaH rywKo ( Konmpc~>Jm i1) Po Mal r <llcJl<>poBI14 165,174, 175,178,216,409,421,661, 857,883 CaHI)'UJKO ,li.Msnpo <l>cJl.opo •mlJ 406, 409, 882,883 CaurymKo Map'.HHa (Mapm·m ) (Jl.OBI>Ka PoM<ma CaHrymKa) 409, 883 CaHrymKo OneKcau)l.pa (.li.OIIhKa PoMalla Ca~-tryulKa) 409, 883 CmuymKo Pol\mH-<f>e)li p ( crm PoM<Uta CanryruKa) 409, 883

409, 883

CanrylllKo-Komepci>KH i1 ( KoumpCbKHH) .AliJlpii1 Mnxai1JIOJnl"l 883 CaHia 741 Canira 352 Can ira AH,npii1 232 Canira luau CeMCHODJ.cl'-1 362, 877 CaniraJleu (JlcoH) 8, 24, 408,573, 665, 882,

9/8 CaniraJIH 8 Cauin1 8, 572, 574 Canyuou A. 31 Capa 941, 816 Capllauana.n 72, 807, 841 CapKa 566 CapHoK (nOJIOBCQhK11H KliH3b) 426 CacaHiJll1 840, 930 CacH·nyKa (xaH AI<-0pJJ.I1) 922 CaT·ripei1 221,376,378 CaTHP 769, 934 CarypHiH AHToHii1 904 Cayn ( n epm Hi11.\ap i3paiJJbTHH) 25 7, 804,

943 Caq>a-ripeil (Cain-ripei1 I) (Ka3aHCbKI1i1 xaH) 705, 923 Caxi6-fipei1 I 878 CoaTOxNa (JJ.OHhKa Ka3HMHpa I) 87 Coe6oponchK11i1 148 Cnep40BCbKHi1 (CmfpronCbKI1i'i:) InaH (.Hn) (reThMaH) 13,210-216,219,365,367,406,

430,860 CB€pCbKI1ii 764 CJm,np11raiino Onbrep.nonu'-1 (.nHTOBChKuii KH.H3b) 18, /31, 134, 146,326-329,331-

334, 3}6, 338, 409, 477, 481, 852, 873, 874,

881 Cnu;tpurai'sno CcMeuonut.J (KH.H3b) 145 CUIIIIK<l '3-14 Cui;~111t

7-19

CniHTopor (n111 YT<~ uyca) J09 CnnTOIIJI) K (CuaTOIIJI\ K) ( "'CChi<I1Il KHH3b) CXJ7 Csurronom< (CnHTOIIJJ)'K) (MopanCbKI1ii KmJ;n.) 568, ii2, 771, 9'J5 Cum onom< (CnHTOIIOJII< I. CnHTOllJJ)'K) (MOJMBCbl<l1ii l<JHI:U.), '-ICCI>IOiii KOpOJJb) 93-

96,570, 845, 906 CnHTOIIOJJK I Bemumli (rmn:Jb llOMOfKhKHi1) 105, 106, 109, 459, 466,847, 891, 892 CtmTOIIOJII< bncJiaBJil.f (KulnchJm l1 KHH3b) 91,403,845, 880 ClmTonom< OKasmm1r1 ( cm-1 BoJIO.Ulll\mpa CnH·wro) 82,403,458,842,843,880,890

976


nOKA)KY.I1K IMEH CnHTOCJJau ( Cn.HTo6op) ( no~wpcLKJf H KHJI3b) 93, 845 CtHtToCJJan (om BoJIOAUMI1pa Cn~!Toro, ,aepeBJIJIHCbKHii KH.H3b) 403 CnHTOCJJaB ( cm-1 BOJIO.lU1Mnpa Ct.uJToro, OOJlOL{bKHi'i KH.H3b) 403 Cn.HTOCJJau InaHOBH"' (cr.~oneHCLKuii KH.H3b)

CeHstBCbimi1llpoKin 757 CeHSIDCbKm1 Pa<jJa.JT 229 CeH.HBChKI1i1 .Jin 728 CeHHBCbKi 373, 766 CeHbKO (P}'Cl>I<HH KII.H3b) 333 Cco3 182, 195 Cepai-ist 942 Ccpri1'1 (no€Hat.laJibHHK) 676 Ceprii1 (en.) 578, 613 Ceprii1 (xpucntHHHH) 816 Ccpc6p.HHI1H neTpo 175,515, 652, 715, 716,

321,873 CuHTocnan Iropem1t.1 ( CHH KHinCI,Koro KHSIJH lrop.H i KHSinmi 0JJhru) 402, 880 CBSITOCJJan .HpocJiaDI1"1 (KHincLKI1ii KIHI3b)

88,307,844

924

Ce6a.niarn 823 Cenep 55 CenepnH (tlOMiHiKaHel\u) 400 CeJienK I HiKaTop 944 Ce.nenKi.;J.n 834, 840, 943-945 CeJiex (CycaKiM) ( <J>apaou) 803, 942 CeJiiM I (CeJJiM6eK) (TypeQbKHii cynTaH)

Cepeop.Htmi1-06oJieHChKl1i1 BacHJib CeMCHOBH"' 164, 857 CcpKolm"' (CHpKou) 0JieKcii1 643 Ccpt<ouut.~ (CnpKon) <fJe.nip 642, 916 CepHm1 £opuc 236,241 CcpniHeK ( cTapmm1 KaniTaH ciJpai16iTepin)

i56, 799, 825, 932, 939, 940, 948 CeJJiM II (T)'peQbKI1H cyJITaH) 178, 181, 196, 210, 2Jl, 219, 714, 715, 760,811,859,860, 923,933 CeMeH ( MOIKai:icbKH i'1 KHH3b) 35 I

Ccuex 83 Ceu.HrHbOACbKJiit 149 Ccu.HrHbOBCbK11H nanJJO 172, 759 CeQJtrHLoncbKI1i1 51Ky6 365,369 CeQnrHbOUCbKi206 C€paKOBChKI1H .HH 246 C€U€X (t<paKiBCbKI1H BO€BOAa) 91, 92, 844 C.IKe):l3iHCbKI1i1 764 C11nap.n 60, 61 Cl1ri3MYHA (tlaTcbKHH KOpOJib) 123, 849 CHri3M)'HA (KHH3b 3 KoHcTaHL{ii) 769, 770 C11riJM}'Htl ( CHH Ka3HMH pa IV .HreJIJIOH"111Ka) 342,347,349, 350,356 C1uiJM)'HA (CHH Kettcryra) 319,333- 338,

183

CeMeH (cHH MOCKOBChKOro KH.H3H InaHa III)

355 CeMeH (CJJ)'QbKHH KH.HJb) 348,355,359, 406 CeMeHCbKHM .HH 246 Cer.mcJJan ( CHH JlelllKa III) 70 CeMiOH ( CHH JiewKa III) 70 CeMipaMiAa 65,800,806,807,840 CeMOBHT (3eMOBHT) I (cHH KoHpatla I , M330Del,\hKOrO KHH3H) 109,308, 847 CeMonuT (3eMOD11T) IV (V) 128, 131, 135,

409,874

322, 325, 479, 851, 873, 894

CHri3M)'Htl ()K11 rMOHA) JlJOKCeM6)'p3bKHH (iMnepaTop «CB.HUJ.eHHOi PHMCbKOi iMnepii», t.leCbKHH Ta yropCbKHH KOpOJib)

CeMOBIIT (cHH JiewKa Ill) 70 CeMOHHT ( CHH TI' .HcTa KpywniQhKOro) 74-

76,839,841 CeMOBHT Ma3oneQbKHH ( CeMODHT, 3eMoDHT III (IV) CTapwm':f) 123, 849 (eMOMI1CJiao(3eMOMHCJI,CeMOB11T)(c11H JlewKa IV) 76, 77, 841 CeHaxepi6 (CeHaxHpHM) (accHpiiicbKHH uap) 49, 834 CeHAJiool1 (c-rapocra) 152 CeHAJinoJ':f Jlliy6iHa (t<pat<iBcbKHM cTapo-

cra)127 CeHeKa 17, 22, 732 CeHeHCbKHii.HH (JIIOCTpaTop M. P11r11) 501 CeHeCJJaB ( BaJJaCbKHH npaBHTeJib) 931 CeHiHCbKHH M11Konaif 241 CeHstBCbKHii M11Konai1 6, 172, 174,185,190,

219,222,238,377, 757-759, 762,858,861,

932 CeHstBCbKHH OneKcaH.Ap 757

128, 129, 134, 137-139, 142, 146, 329, 330, 480, 481,543,554,555,570, 778,822, 851,874, 894, 903, 904, 907, 936 C11riJM)'HA I CTapm':f 153, 157-161, 163, 224, 253, 275, 278, 298, 352, 357, 358, 360363,365,367,372-377,379-381, 405, 406, 409, 427, 442, 485, 486, 588, 678, 725, 754, 757, 758, 855, 856, 868, 874, 876, 877, 895, 905,932 CJ1ri3M)'H.n II ABr)'CT (3HrM}'HT) .5-7, 13, 25, 159,160,162-164, 166, 170,174,175,178, 181. 183-185, 192-195, 199-201, 203, 224, 233, 253, 278, 280, 298, 372, 378-382,389, 406, 408,486-488, 495,500,505,511,515, .516, 573,633,678, 725, 759-761,856-858,860,868, 877,882 C11riJM)'HA III 8, 14-16, 19, 57,252-258,261. 298, 491, 49.5, 536,585,587, 672, 674, 744,

977


TIOKA)J(qi1K IMEH 762, 783, 839, 858, 864, 865, 868, 884, 886, 910, 918,929,947

CJml33 CHKCT IV (nana) 484,894,855 CHKCT III 49, 835 CHJIJia (CyJIJia, Jl10~ii1 KopHeJiii1 CynJia lUaCJIHBMH) 768, 934 CHJihnecTp (nana) 606 CHM 47, 745, 768, 806, 934, 944 CwMeOH Morwna (MOJJ)J.aBCbKHI1 i nanacbKHM rocno,11.ap) 762, 763, 765, 933 C11Mitton 0JieKcii1 175 CHMOH (en.) 266 C11MOH (yropcbKHI1 noeHattaJihHHK) 780 C11MoH KipeHel1cbK11if 795, 938 CHHaH-nama 786, 788-791 CHHeyc 402,593,879 CH[(bKHH 379 CinhnaH M. IOHiyc (MapK lOHiif CHJiaH)

301,869 CiJibnii1 EHei1 - .D.Hn. fliKKOJIOMiHi EHeii CiJihnio CKanpyc A.npeniii (MapK Aupeniii CKanpyc)

301,869 CKaH.u.ep6er (feoprii1 KacTpioTi) 737, 738,

CMOJJliKM 749 CHenopo.n. RH (niTe6cbKI1H o6o3uHi1) 165 Co6ecbKMH MapeK 239, 863 Co6ei..QauchKH.i1 <1>. 10 Co6ecJian (CMH JlemKa III) 70 Co6ecnan I (4eCbKI1H Koponb) 93, 94, 96,

570, 845, 907 Co6eCJian II (4eCbKHH Koponb) 570, 907 Co6o~bK11H JIH 239, 356 CoreJIJio (TaTapcbKMi1 Koponb) 693 CoKOJJM 683 CoKoJii fleTpo 339, 340 CoKononchKm1 210 CoKpaT 22, 397, 842 ConroH 229 Cone~bKHH MJ1KOJiaii 174 Conory6 MMKOJiai1 176, 366 ConoMiSJ (KceHiSJ) (en. ConoMiSJ) (raJIM[(bKa KHHrHHSI, eecTpa fionecnaua CopoM' SI3JJHnoro) 111,847 ConoMOH (iapainbCbKHI1l(ap) 255, 256, 260,

801-804, 94D-942 CoJIOMOH (IllaJiaMOH) (yropebKMH KopOJib, CHH AH.u.pama) 88, 90, 775, 844, 935 Cononiryc (IOHaK 3 TaTapcbKoro nii1ehKa)

822,926

693

CKap6eK(pH~ap,noconiMnepaTopa

ConTaH ( TaTapcbKm1 xaH) 138 ConTaH AH.n.piii 232 CoJITaH fleTpo 232 CoJITaH-ripei1 710 Co¢iSJ (Koponena) 145 Co¢iSJ (.D.OHbKa Ka3HMHpa IV) 153 Co¢i.H (en.) 234,237,305,403,588, 641 Co¢oHiSI ( Co¢iSJ) (.npyra .npy)KMHa BJIMI1CJiana fepMaHa) 90, 844 Co¢oHODI14 <I>eo.u.ocii1 (yKpaiHCbKMi1 XpOHiCT) 16, 21, 32, 856 Coxa (nJIO[(hKm1noeno.u.a) 133,328 Cnapranb.n, JIB 366 CnapT (cHH <l>opHepiSI) 734 Cnepa (cHH flaJieMoHa) 303, 304, 870 CmiTeK Hop.naH (CmneK Hop.n.aH i3 3aKJii4HHa, .llaupeHTii1 CnHTeK Hop.n,aH)

feHpixa IV) 95, 96 CKap6eK 243,479 CKap6iM€)1( (CKap6MM11p) (nHxonaTeJih fionecnana Kp11noycToro) 93, 94, 97, 845 CK11praifno ( CKHpreJIJio) 0Jibrep.n.oal1tt (JJ1.iTOBCbKI1if KHSI3b) 12, 129, 319-326, 409,

851,873 CKHPMYHT ( CHH MiHrai1na) 305, 306 CKi¢ 690, 920 CKo6ei1Ko 336 CKoniH-IllyikhKHif M11xaiJI BacHJihOBI14

672,919 CKypaTon MamoTa (fp11ropii1 CK}'paTonfiEJibCbKHH «MaJIJOTa») 644, 656, 657, 659,

916-919 CJianHiKOBHtti 890 CJIC)I(I1HChKI1H 190 CnenonpoHH 683 CnoMonchKHM CTaHicnan 204 Cn}')l(eHCbKHH 210 Cnyne~bKm1 CTaHicJiau (ni06JiiHChKH:i1 KamTeJUJH rep6a <<PanH4») 197 Clryl(bKa 0JieKeaH.n,pa CeMeHinHa 406,

881 Cny~hKHM (KHSI3b)

195

CJJ}'l(bKI1H (JiiTOfli1CCl(b BKJI) 872 Cnyl(r,Jd (KHsrai) 246, 250, 406, 409, 881 CMixaeaH (TaTapebKHMUap) 824

170, 226, 228, 243, 858 CnMTI<O 3 MeJiblllTHHa 133, 146, 149, 328 Cm1TI<O 3 Tap Bona 132 CniTMrueu II ( 4CChKHM KHSI3b) 570, 906 CniQJir€p (cm-1 .llernKa III) 70 Cnil(I1ME)K ( CI1H .llernKa III) 70 Cpo6cbKJ1ii (noJibCbKMH lllJJHXTI14) 154 CTa;J.HH[(bKmi A,n,aM 241, 863 CTa,uHHUbKuii CTaHicnan 241,246 CTa)J.IU1UhKi 670, 918 CTa.lliH 11:. 27 CTaHicnao (rpa¢ 3 ropKii) 246

978


nOKA)KY.I1K IMEH CnHicnan (rpaql 3 Jla6iuuma) 247 CTaHicnan (rpa<fl 3 Tapuona ) 206 CTaniCJian (KHIBCbKni1 KIIH3b) 314 C-raHiCJiau (MaJoBeUbKn~'I KJUIJb) 159, 278,

376, 856, 867, 878 C-raHiCJian (en.) 88, 102, 106, 110, 111, 132,

137, 163,202,208, 209, 252,253,262,321,323, 334,337, 338,386,387. 474, 755, 844, 850, 865 CTaHicnan 3 Xo}l.'lla 365 CTaHiCJian KocTKa (en.) 17 CTaHKap <l>paHUHCK 17D-172 CTaponoJibCbKin1lliHMOH (noJihCbKJiH xpoHicT) 11, 20 Grap'4encbKm1 A. 31 CTalllKOBCbKHH 756 CTalllKOBCbKi 206 CTenna Epa3M (IliTJOJiep Epa3M) 301,302,

441,869 CTe<flaH (nepw11i1 MOJI}l.ancbKHH rocno}l.ap)

752,931 CTe<PaH III BeJIHKI1H (MOJI}l.aBcbK11i1 rocno,Aap) 7,152, 154, 155,339,345,346,348-350, 855,875,87~ 72~

753, 75~924,932 CTe<flaH (IwTnaH) II (c11H Ka.JibMaHa, yropCbK11H KOpOllb) 94, 776, 845, 935 CTe<flaH (ImTBaH) II (yropcbKI1M Koponb) 776,935 CTe<PaH (ImTBaH)

III (yropcbKHM KopoJlb)

776, 777, 935 CTe<flaH (IwTnaH) V (yropcbKHM KOpOJib)

Ill, 777, 778, 847, 936 CTe<flaH VI (MoJI.uaacbKHM rocno.uap) 759, 933 CTe<flaH (cHH Ip)KvrKa (reopri.H EpaHKOBHqa)) 744 CTe<flaH (cHH OneKcaH}l.pa I, MOJI.n;ancbKHM rocno}l.ap) 141,752,853,932 CTe<flaH ( CHH nepworo MOJI}l.aBCbKOro rocno,Aap.H CTe<flaHa) 123, 752,849 CTe<flaH (CTenaH) II KoTpoMaHH'll Mono.n.W11H (npaBHTCJib EocHii) 743, 929 CTe<f>aH (CTenaH) OcTO.H KoTpoMaHwq

929 CTe<JlaH (IUenaH, IwTBaH I Casnlii-i) (yropCbKHH KOpOJib) 80, 83,142, 150,

773,

774,778,843,935 CTe<f>aH 3 Bep6Hoi I 09 CTe<flaH I (II) (npanliTCJib Eanapii) 849 CTe<f>aH OJieKcaH.uposwq ( CTe<f>aH Jla.K}'CTe) 758,933 CTc<JlaH nepMCbKHH (en.) 5 95, 912 CTelf>aH ToMamenHq (KoTpOMaHwq) (6ocHiHCbKI1H KOpOJJb) 744, 781, 929,

936 CTe<JlaHii.te (MoManchKI1H rocnoAap) 932

CTHJJiKa ( CntJiiKa <I>nani i1 ( Cntn ixoH)) 49,

835 CToCJiaB (ntH BoJIO}l.lfM11pa CsHToro, rJie6iBCbKI1H KIUI3b) 403 CTpa6on 22, 47, 400,540,692, 736, 749,834,

837,879, 921, 925, 931 CTpacc 241 CTpaTa (.ll.in'1Ima i3 niiicbKa Bnacnt) 564 CTpHiiKORCbKI-rfr Mau.efr (noJibCbKHM XpOHiCT) 5, 9, /0, 13, 18, 22, 25, 30, 33, 283,

284, 739, 839, 848, 860, 867, 869, 870, 872, 874, 885,911 CTp11UbK11~t (poTMicTp) 377 CTpoi'q (TaTapcbKHM no€Ha~JaJihHI1K) 766 CTpyHiK ( CJionaU.bl<HII BO)KtJ.b) 746 CTpycoBHU.bKi 285 CTp)'Cb 227, 228, 372, 763, 766 CTp)'Cb &Ki 220, 754 CTpycb ll.J,eHCHHH 754 CTp)'Cb JIKy6 220, 433 CrypJiycoH CHopi 901 Crypq M11KOJiai1 486 CTIIIaJI)'BH 749 Cy.ll.HCJiaB ( c11H Bono.n;11M11pa Cn.HToro, OCKOBCbKHM KH.H3b) 403 Cy.11.ocai1Mo (Cy.11.an, Cy.Aano) (cHH Bei-i.l(esyTa) 449 CynroT (TaTapcbKHii KHH3b) 717 CyJiei1MaH I (II) KaHyHi (rypeU.hKHM C)'JJTaH)

170,374,375,378, 557,815, 825,948,857,877, 932, 937, 948 Cynei1MaH t.IeJie6i ( CHH Ea.HJH.ll.a I) 822, 947 CyJJI1KOBCbKI1i1.HH 515 CyJIHMI..\i 683 CyJii36eK 715 CyJJicnas 109 CyJITaH (npaBHTCJib €rl1nT}') 796 CypaU.bK11i13yniCJiaB 333 Cyp6op (Cyp6ap) (noJionel.{bKHM KH.H3b)

426,885 CypiHyc 551 Cyxo,!J,OJlbCbKMH 231 C}"lHHCbKHi1219 C¢opu.a (pi.u) 23, 557 C<flopu.a JIJO,n.oniK 350 CxaTiJeK (xan 3oJioToi Op.n.n) 696 CuinioH 249 CqaJoH(noeHaqa.JI&H11K)567

T Ta6e 6epHapAI1H .n.e 506 Ta6op Boi-il.{ex 356, .357 TaAeii (en.) 412,884

979


llOKA)I(t.JHK IMEH TaKOB ne-rpo 232 TaJJa<f>yc t.Iec&KHM 780 TMecrpic (QapHQSI aMa3oHoK) 694 TaJJ&Bow MHKOJiaM 174 TaJJbBOW RH 24 7, 678 TapaHODCbKHMAH.zr)Keii 178-181,185,197,219 TapaHoncbKHM &Ki 725 TapaceHKO IHHa 28 TaproBHQbKHM Kneocpac 340 TapKBiHiH rop~HH 840 TapnH 185, 749 Tapno .HH 246, 760, 933 TapHanchKHM 175 TapHODCbKa Co<f>iR (~OHbKa .HHa, rpa<f>a 3 TapHona) 407 TapHoBCbKHM 763, 765 TapHoncbKHH AH.Z.PKeii 760 TapHoncbKiiH .HH (.HH 3 TapHona, reTbMaH)

160, 171,241,342,365,373, 407, 480, 756, 757, 759, 854, 856, 932 Tapqi ToMalll 151 TapliiHIII ( CHH .HnaHa) 837 Tann.u.en BacHJib 21 Tay6e MoraHH 25, 27

567 TeTpHK (BO€Ha'IaJihHHK ryHin) 767, 769 Te<f:>eH (TH<f:>eu) MoraHH ¢on (npycc&KHH MaricTp) 484, 895 TeliiHap.HH 150 T)l(aCKH 683 T1-t6epiii (pHMC&KHH iMnepaTop) 549, 904 THrJiaTnanacap III (u.ap AccHpii) 803, THMipoca (THMyp-Xo.AJKa) - )1.11B. Teuep Xocxa THMYP (TaMepnaH, TeMipaKcaK, THM)'pJJeHr) 133,285, 286,327, 696, 697, 71D-712,

822,852,868,871,873,922,923,947 THH.Aapeoc (cnapTaHCbKuii uap) 887 THT <l>nasiii ( CHH BecnaciaHa, )J.aBH&opHMChKHM iMnepaTop) 549,803, 904, 942 THTOD Bop11c ( cTapm.{&KHM BO€BO~a) 636 TH¢<f:>eH6ax KpHwTo¢ 788 THwKeBI1t.I (BacHJJh a6o 10pii1) 175, 176,

868,942 Ta'IMaH-fipei 710 TniJih KoHpa,n 311 TnicKOH (AcueH) 47 TaoponcbKHH .HH 368, 369 TnoponchKHii-Byqau.hKHM MHKOnaii 195,

859 TOBKMaK (B0€80~a MOCKOBCbKOI'O BiHChKa)

196, 755,860 TeiiR (ocTrOTChKHM npaaHTenb) 750, 931 Tene6yra (TaTapcbKiiH xaH) 110, 113, 847,848 TeneroH 90,844 Tene<PycH 749 TeMHP (Ta-rapc&KHH xaH) 710 TeMipaKcaK- .AHD. THMYP TeMipi<}'T.II}' (TeMHp-K)'Tnyii) 696, 710, 922 TeMKin BacHJiiii 658 TeMrryc 249 TeMp)'K 186, 187, 190,226,228 TeMpyK-Kepnii 710 TeMpiOK 763 TeMpiOKODHt.J M11xai1no 639 TcHep Xocxa (T&1Mipoca, TI1M)'p-Xo)J.JKa) (xaH 3oJioToi' Op.AH) 696, 922 Teni6eK (TaTapcbKI1H xaH) 922 TcHt.JI1HCbKHM AHJJ;JKeii 758, 874, 932 TeHt.IHHChKmi.HH (noi1HiU.hKI1ii KaliiTemiH) TcHt.JHiiChKI1i1 Jl.H (Jl.H 3 TeHt.IHHa, caH)J.OM11pCt.Kni1 80€BO.lla) 142, 149, 373 TCHlll11iChKi 244

480 TeTKa (TeTa) (~OHbKa KpoKa) 561, 563,

942

Tau.HT KopHeniii (Tiy6nii1 Kop1-1enii1 Tau.HT) 22, 47,301, 401,540,543, 802, 833,

197, 206, 209, 338, 246

TeoJJ;aT 773 Teo)J.op(caMJIHH)J.CbKHMEnHcKon)484 Teo.AopHK {Teo~op11x) BeJJHKHH (ocrroTctr K11H KOpOllb) 770, 837, 934 Teo.AopHx (iH<f>JIRH.li.ChKnii MaplllaJJOK) 481 TeocppacT 528, 899 TepTfJJJiiaH (KniHT CenTHMiM <l>nopeHc TepTfJIJiiaH) 795, 938 TentHrep BepHep (KOMT)'P xpecroHocu.ia)

165 TonTHnin (Tcocpin, TenTHBiJI) (6paT TpoiiHaTa, noJIOUhK11M KHSI3b) 308 ToKcic (TaKWOHb) (npaBHTeJib Yropm.uHu)

773,935 ToMaw (<l>oMa) (en.) 765 ToMHU.hKni1 MHKOJiaH 197, 755, 932 ToMHU.hKHH ..HH (rH€3HCHChKHH KaUITeJIRH)

197 TOMHU.hKi 206 To111ipa (ToMipic) 65, 565, 566, 837, 840 ToMwa (KoMaH.A}'Bat.I MOJIAaocbKOro uiMCbKa) 168- 170 Tonop (Tonopt.II1K) Tapno 332

Tonopu683 ToTimiJI (cHH Keiicr)'Ta) 319, 409 ToxTaMHlli (fiHHC a)J.-)J.I1H ToxTaMHlii) (xaH 30JJOTOI 0p.A11) 696, 852, 922 ToxTaMI1UI- )1.118. oeTcy6yn 139 Tpa6yc (c11H fepr-.toHTa) 309 Tpa.nH (J1.aBHbopuMCLI<ni1 iMnepaTop) 552,

751, 904, 929, 946

980


TIOKA)Kl.Jl1K IMEH

<I>

Tpcsip KapJJ q>oH (Kapn TpenipcbKHii (Ec<PapT)) (npvccbJ<HM MaricTp) 469, 470,

471, 892 TpcnKa rep6a «Tonop•• 367 Tpoit,neH ( CHH Tpa6yca , neJJHK11i1 JJHTOBCbKHi1 KHH3b) 309,310,871 Tpoi1HaT (TpeHHTa, CTpormaT) (JJHToncbKHH KHB3b, CHH CKnpM)'liTa) 114, 306, 308, 871 Tpo.siHOBCbKitM AH_n)l{e M 756, 757 Tpo.stc 90 Tpy6M 683 Tpynop 402, 593,879 Ty )l{aH Or10cT 11.e 20 TyMaH-6ei1 Ampaq> 939 Tyno,neJJb {t.taricTp) 468, 892 Typew 672 TyponcbKHM Ka3HMI1p I03e<jl 20, 31 TpMOC II 938 T)'TMOC III 938 TyqKona ApHHa (roll.yBaJJbHHI..VI ,li.I1MHTpi.H)

917 Twe6iHCbKHM (poTMicTp) 372 TIOpiHreH KoHpa.A q>oH (MaricTp xpecToHocuis) 500,847,891,892, 896

y Y6p11x (rpaq> Umiii1cbKHi1) 778 Yre,neif - ,n1-m. €ryxaH Y.npa 764, 765 Y€HCbK1111: 229 Ya6eK -ll.HB. Aa6eK Y JieBM'I Ta.neyw 11 Ynicc (O.Aicceu) 119, 844, 848 Y Jl.HHiQbKMM 241 YnbpHK (OJill.P)I{MX) (qecbKHu KH.H3b) 570

~~~7

'

<l>e.o.ip Kopu6yrom1~1 (36apaabK11i1) 883 <l>e.n.ip .HH 245 <l>e.n.opon-lleJt.st.UHiH InaH lleTponM'4 633,

634, 645,646,916 <l>eMiCTOKJl 878 <l>enT<PaHr KoHpa,n cpoH (KoHpa.n ¢oH <l>OHXTBaHreH) (MaricTp xpeCTOHOCUiB)

469,892 <l>eo.nocii1 I BeJmKni1 (pi1MCbKM.M iMnepa-

Top)53, 75~ 76~835,83~931,934 <f>eo¢i.n (HOBrOpOJJ.CbKHH MM.TpOnOJIHT) 589 <l>epapCbKHll (KHH3b) 557 <l>ep6ep (r,naHCbKMH 6yproMicTp) 183, 184 <l>ep,nMHaH,u (rpa¢ 3 fap.o.eKa) 789, 790 <l>eplJ.HHaHlJ. I fa6c6ypr (iMnepaTop «C~.srmeHHol PHMCbKol iMnepil, aacTpiiicbKim epurepuor, qecbKHi1 i yropcbKHii Koponb) 163,374,375,378, 380,512,554,

~~W8

'

'

<l>epeHu6epr 239 <l>~JI~ll.iyc - /l.HB. nniHii1 CTapWIAM <l>unMep (rOTCbKHH KOp011b) 749 931 <l>inin (naHJJ.rpaq>) 198 ' <l>i.nin (nHn11n) (ca.) 609, 766 <l>iJiin II (6aTbKO AlleKcaHJJ.pa BenHKOro)

YJJbpHK npocTeHCbKHH 151 Y libpix -,AHB. lOHriHreH Y Jibpix <jloH Y libpix l.{epBOHKa 148 Yp6aH VI 477,893 YpeKe reopriii (MOJill.aBCbKHH niTonHCeQb)

20 YpJiaH-KepJiii 710 Yposel.{bKHH (KOMaH.zcysaq noJibCbKHi1) 238 YpcHHJf 302 YpcMHyc IOni.HH 387 YpciHi 557 YpcyJia (ca.) 771 YTeH (YTeuyc) (JIHTOBCbKHH KHH3b 3/l.OM}' KuTaspis) 308 YxaHCbKHH nauJJO 9 YxaHcbKHH .HK}'6 196, 209, 487 YxaHCbKi 885 YH308CbKHH 766

~~W8

557, 570, 781, 782, 825, 857, 877, 905 907

,

241

<I>a€pa6eH.n KapJJ (niMer~biUti'l xpouicT) 873 <l>a.napMM (<l>a.napJ1C) MaKCHM 664, 917 <I>a pypel 74 9 <l>apypeu n a nno 369 <l>eJJ.ip (IlOCOJI,AO IlOJlbC!.I<OfO KOJ>OJI.SI ni,u lnaHa IV) 663, 664 <l>c.o.ip Ioamwnw4 (uap) 13, 664 666, 677

,

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