ХРОНІКА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ САРМАТІЇ Частина-1 by Watra

OJIEKCAH~P

rBAHLIHI

XPOHIKA €BPOIIEriChKOI CAPMATII •

•

IHTepHeT-npOCTOpl

3a8>K.Q~

MallO

nl.QTp~MyBallaCfl

.Qep>Ka8H~M~ ycTaH08aM~,

B TOMY 4~Clli ~ 3aKlla.QaM~ OCBiT~. CaMe TOMY uieK> Ma~>Ke Heonna4y8aHoK>, 3aTe 6naropo.QHOK> cnpa80K> 3a~MaK>TbCfl H~Hi nepe8a>KHO aMaTop~, llK>A~, w.o 8~Tpa4aK>Tb C8i~ 4aC, C~Jl~ ~ KOWT~, W.06 3p06~T~ .QOCTynH~M~ . . .Qllfl T~Cfl4 I COT€Hb T~Cfl4 4~Ta418 fiKOMOra 6illbWY KillbKiCTb yKpa'IHCbK~X 8~.QaHb. M~ Te>K Hane>K~Mo .n.o u~x aMaTopi8. M~-

KoMaH.n.a "npoeKTY ou~cppy8aHHfl KH~r lypToM". Haw npoeKT e no3anoniT~4H~M. M~ 3anpowyEMO .QO HaC .Q06pOBOllbUiB, ycix, XTO 8i.Q4y8aE Te, W.O ~ M~, XTO nparHe 8i.QpO.Q~T~ 8€11~4 YKpa'IHCbKo·l KH~r~, XTO npOCTO 11K>6~Tb YKpa'IHCbKe.

. . Hawa a.n.peca 8 JHTepHeTJ: http://toloka.hurtom.com

c1zanon (Hurtom.com)

9fay,ioHa.JLbnui1. yni6epcumem «IJ(ueOo-9vfozWIJlHCb1@ a1(aiJe.Mi.5r.)) Incmumym icmopii 'YKpaiHu

J-f:4.Jf 'YKpaiHu

bumumym y1(pai'ncb1(9i apJ(eozpa#ii' ma iJ:HCepe!lOJH.a8cmfJa U.t. 9vf. C. !Tpyme8cb1(9ZO J-f:4.Jf YKpai'Hu tJJep:HCaiJuuu 1(9.Mittu.m ap?(f8i8 YKPaiHu 'Y1QJai'HCb1(9-l(fl1lMCb1(UU iJoCJLWtO-iJOKJJ.MeHmal);iUHUUl);eHmp (!JJ[oponmo)

ALEXANDER GVAGNINUS VERONENSIS

OJIEKCAH,l(P fBAHbiHI

XPOHIKA 8BPOIIEI1ChKOi•• CAPMATII 'j'nop!lOKy6anuJl ma nepe1(!lao J no.!lbCb1(9t 0.

JOpiJz, 9vfUlj,Ut(fl

KI1IB • Bll,l(ABHl1qJ1fi ,l(IM «Klii€BO-MOfi1JIHHChKA AKA.l(EMIH»• 2007

BEK 63.3(4)

f25 «XpoHiKa €BponeiicbKoi CapMaTii»

fnaHbiHi - na)KJIMBe icTopM'IHe

~mepeno Ta naM'.HTKa enponeiicbKoi icTopiorpa<f>ii XVI-XVII cT. HarmcaHa

JierKo, .n.ocrynHo ii uiKaso, «XpoHiKa•••» cTana HeouiHeHHHM noci6HHKOM .z:r;u1 BHB'IeHHR icTopii Ta reorpa<f>ii Hapo.n.iB i KpaiH QeHTpaJibHO-CXi,ZJ;HOI €nponH, a TaKom ixHix cyci.n.in. · Qeii Tnip Man Ha,ZJ;3BH'IaiiHo BeJIMK}' nonynHpHicTb y HaUIMX npe.n.KiB, He· O.lJ.HOpa30BO nepeBH,ZJ;aBaBC.SI y JiaTMHCbKOM}' opMriHaJii; nepeKJia.n;aBCSI HiMeUbKOIO, l.J:eCbKOIO, IIOJibCbKOIO MOBaMM. YKpaiHCbKMH nepeKJia.n. «X poHiKM ... », I.QO He BTpaTMJia aKT}'aJibHOCTi .n.oHMHi, 3aQiKaBMTb RK HayKOBUiB, TaK i WMpOKHH 3aran l.J:HTal.J:iB. Bi.n.noni.ZJ.aJihHMH pe.n.az<Top .n.oKTop icTopHtiHMX HayK, aKa.n;eMiK B.

A. CMOJZiii

p e U e H 3 e H T 11: .n.oKTop icTopMl.IHMX HayK, npo<Pecop HaYKMA B. 0. IIJ.ep6m'; .ZJ.OKTOp icTOpMl.J:HMX HayK, 3aBi.ZJ.yBa'tJ Bi,zmi.ny icTopii i Teopii Ta crropi.zr.HeHHX .n.mepeJI03HaBl.JMX HaYK IHCTMT}'TY fKpaiHCbKOI apxeorpa<f>ii Ta ,l()KepenoJHancTna iM. M. C. fpywencLKoro HAH YKpaiHM B. A. EpeX')'1-I£H/KO llepeKJia)J. 3.lJ.iHCHeHO 3a Dl-f.lJ.aHHSIM:

Alexander Gwagnin. Kronika Sarmacyey Europskiej.- Krakow,

1611.

PeKoMeH.n.onaHo .ao .apyKy pimeHHSIM BlleHoi pa.n.H IHCTHT}'T}' icTopil YKpaiHM HAH YKpaiHM. llpoToKOJI M 7 ni.a 27 qepBHSI 2006 p.

aw 'K?tUZ)I euoano 3a niompUMKU IlOA/bC'b'KOZO btcmumymy Kuuzu 6 pa.~o1xax nepeK.!LaO'Iwi· npozpa.Mu.

INSTYM 1S14UJ ~ ~'1

~~ ~~

©POLAND

ISBN 966-518-389-3

B C T

XpoHicm 0.11£Kca'Hi>p (AizeccmwjJo) Toauoi:

y n

Bu1iRmOK cmaMBum'b cmammR A 'liOJICeR Bupo6ima, ?<ompuu npocme:Jicue nionpuc.Muuy?r KY OW'b'HiCm'b reaH'biui 'Jia C'K.!Lfl'liUX zymax floA'bUJ.i (2). lmaAiiic'bKUU icmopuK Kap.w lfi1UJJ1Aa 'lia nioemaei o:HCejJe.Jt, 8Wl6.11£1iUX yapxieax Beueyii" ma Bepouu, cmsopue y 1887 p. 'liaunoeuimy 6iozpaifiiw 0. Feau'bi.ui (3 ), a no.a'bC'b'KUU ooCAiiJuuK P. FacceuKaMn 8URBU8 y oep:HCa61iOMY apxiei Keuizc6epza mpu .aucmu KopMie Petli IlocnMumoi· Cuzi3.MyHoa A8zycma i Cme¢aua EamopiR, aopeco8auux npycC'b'KOMY zepyozy A.a'b6pexmy, y Kompux UUl/UJCJl, npo 0. r Bau'bi"ui ma uozo 6am'b'Ka (4 ). Yxpai"uCbxi, 6iAopyC'bxi ma pociuC'b?<i iJoCJ£iouuKu, ~0 nuca.n,u npo Taa'li'bi1-£i 6 e1i'l&U1UWneOU'Il'liUX euoau1tRX, mofrKa.n,um uozo oc'li06uozo meopy nepe6a:HC'IiO y 36 R.-ncy 3 mu.Mu na.M '.RmKa.MU, 'lia R?Ci 8iu cnpa6U6 6n.JtuB, ¢ixcy6a.n,u oxpeMi npU.Mipuuxu xpo1ii'Ku 8 pi3uux 6i6AiomeKax ma apxi6ocxo8UUJax, npu1toMy CJLio oco6Au6o 6io31ta1tumu 81-leCO'K pociUCb'KOi' iJOCILWuU?&i npoifi. 0AeUU l.JUC111Jl'K()60i. (5). TiA'bKU 3AeZ'KOi'frY'CU npo¢. M. II. Ko8a.Jt'bC'bKozo, xompuu a6epuy8 y6azy Ha m6ip F8au'bi'Hi 6 ooHiii ai C6oi'x cmam&U (6) i aayixaeu6 1ie?O iJe?Cozo ai c8oix yttui6 no cm8()pe'liiii HUM :HCe «ouinponempo8C'b?Ciu ut'KOJI.i» o:HCepe.JW31ia8?J,i6, 6i06y6a'IOm'bCJl, npuuyunoei apymeuUA: O.Jtez ,/JR'IlD'K Hanucas KauiJuiJamC'b1C'J aucepmayi10 i yu'K.It cmameU, npuc6R~ ?tux F8a?t'bi'ui ma uozo xpotti?&i (7); IOpiu

ui ( ima..n,iuc'b?C010 .MOBow - Guagnin, no.a'bC'b?COW- Gwagnin) e no~dm'liOW nocmammw B eBponeiiC'bxiu icmopiozpaifiii XVI-XVIII em. .flxuto JIC zooopumu npo icmopiozjJaifiiw ima.aiUC'bxy 1tu no.a'bC'b'K)', mo TBa'li'bt'lii CJ£io Biouecmu oo 3ipO?C nepuwi· BMU'IlU'IiU. HeBunaiJ.. 'KOBO U020 xpoui?Ca cymmEBO Bn.JtU'IiYAa 'Jia no.a'bC'b?Cy, yKpai·uC'bxy, 6iAofr)'Cb?Cy, pociuCb?CY ma iumi CJ£06 'Ruc'b?Ci icmopiozpaifiii XVIIXVIII em., mDMY 6e3 3zaiJ?Cu npo 1&10 na.M 'Rm?CJ 'lie o6xooum'bCJl JICOO'IiUU CMiouuu ooeiO'IiU'K 1tu 'H,O,{J'I{.G.J£'buuu noci6uux 3 iemopii" Yxpaiuu. Ooum' ooeooum'bCJl ?COUCmamyeamu, ~0 u 'liuui o6.Ma.a'b ooCJtio:HCeu'b, npuceR'Ileuux :HCummw u meop1tocmi reau'bi.ui (mym eio3ua1tWLUCJl 'liaca.Mnepeo nOJt'bC'b?Ci ma ima.n,iuC'bxi uay?COB?&i), a UOZO meoptw cnaO~U'Iia 6U'KDpucmoeyem'bCR oaJ£e?Co ue noeuow Mipow. /Jocum'b c1ca3amu, ~o uozo xpoui?Ca oo ocmauU'bozo 1tacy 'lie nepeK.JLaoa..n,aCJl yxpai.1lC'b?COW M08010, max caMo R'K i 6iaopyc'b?C010 'llU pociuC'b?C010, RK~o 'lie 8paxoeyBamu O?Cpe.Mux ifjpazMeUmiB. JlOJL'bC'bKi ooCAiouuxu o6.Me:HCJBMUCJl nepe8a:HCuo 6iozparfti1tUU.MU OOBiO?CaMU npo 0. F8a1t'bi'lii, 3aZa.Jt'b1t'U.MU BWOMOcrTlJf.MU npo iiozo m8ip (1 ), .Maii1loBi ma cyooBi cnpaBu 3 iiozo 'J'lacm10, oco6Aueo suiJi.JLMu iJUC?Cyciu'lie numanAA npo cmynin'b ofru2ina.a'bnocmi xpotti1Cu nopi8MHO 3 msopo.M CmpuiiKoeC'bxozo.

iJxo Mae w.icmbOx iJimeii. Cmapw.ozo 3 ~tux me11e 3BMU AAt6poiJxo (1503 - nic.n.R /5 78). /JOCRZUJBW.U 1W01tO.JLimmfl,, Biu 00fry:HCU6Cit 3 EapmoAoMeew, MOAoowow eiiJ u'bozo ua iJ6a poxu. BiiJ ?J'bOZo ucmo6y uapoiJU.ItoCJL mpoE iJimeii: cuu O.MKcauop i iJ6i iJ01txu ( l/Jpau'tteV 'Ka i 10tapa); oiJua 6yJ£a cmapw.ow ua iJaa pO?Cu, a iJpyza - MOAoiJw.ow ua 1tomupu pOKu 3a c6ozo 6pama. Y pO?Cu iJumuucmaa ma 10UOcmi, npo RKi .Mauxe ui1tozo He 6iiJo.Mo, 0. Tamt'bi.Hi 3oo6y6 uenozauy ocoimy, 3oxpeMa npexpac'lto OBMooio Aamuuow, omfru.Ma6 iJo6pi 3Hau'H.Jl 3 aiuc'bK06oi" monozpa!ftii" ma iu:HCeuepuoi" cnpaou, a oiiJ 6am'b'Ka ua6ya snpaauocmi u y BiiiC'b'KOBOMY Pf!MCCAi. f..Jepes uecmamxu AAt6poiJ:HCo Taau'bi.ui 6ya 3Myu.teuuu J 1555 p. 3aAUUlUmU 6am'b'Ki8t«UUJ i oui"xamu 3 l maAit. PIoeo UJ..!Lfl,X MJICa6, 01teauiJHo, iJo IloA'bt«i, oe naHyBaB Cuzi3MJUO (3ueMyum) II, a6o :He Cuei3MJ'HO A6eycm. Mamip 'w y,wzo xopoAA 6y.!ta imMiuxa Eo1ta C!ftopua, i mo.My oiu npuXUJI,'buo cmaauaCJL iJo 6UXiO?JiB 3 lma.~tii". Y 1557 p . BCJI,io 3a 6am'b'KOM oo floA'bt«i 6uixaa i Maii6ymuiu xpouicm, npu1!oMy Mapucpym uozo noiJopoJICi, R'K AOZi1lUO npunycmu8 M. Ko6M'bC'b1CUU, npoAAeaB -tiepe3 mepumopiw T aAU1lUUU (ni:Juiw.e oiu, i.Mooipuo, no6y6ao i ua nooi.Mi) (14). CaMe moiJi au6yxuyAa JliaouC'bKa 8iU'Ha ( 1558- 1583), i OOC8iiJ1leui BOR'KU ffjlAU (}yxe nompi6ui noJI/bC'b?Ciu apAtii". 25 A10'11WW 1561 p. 6e.JtuKuu zem'b.Ma'H Kopouuuu, fryC'bxuu 80E6oiJa Mu'KoAau CeH..R.BCb'KUu y csoc.My Aucmi iJo KopoAA Cuzi3MyuiJa ABZ)'Cma pexoMmiJyoao ocmawt'bOMJ 6am'b?Ca u cu~-ta T6a'H.tiui iJAA C.lt)lJK6u 6 KopoAiBC'bKiU ap.~otii" ( 15) R'K {JaXi8?Ji8 3 ifjopmuifji?Cauii". K opoAo npuXUA'b1W nocmaouBCR oo npoxa'H.UR o6ox oepoHy,iB i ii-rtweo nampoH.a, i 'HeB0063i AAt6poiJJKo Teau'bi"Hi po31W1lafJ 'KOpoAi6CbK_)' C.IIJ11C6)1 6 mooiumiil cmOJLu?Ji- Kpa'KoBi. 17omU.t aiu onunu6CJL 'H.a meampi 8iuco'KOBU.X iJiu npomu iW.oc?w6ii. Ei.ltoute BiOOJotO npo )'t(.GC11l'b roan.'bi"ui-MOJlOiJw,ozo y Jli60'H.C'bKiu 6iuui: aiu 6paa )tllacnt'b y

K1Ul3'b?COB npocrne:HCU8 81ULU8 xpouixu ?ta JKpaiHCb?Cuu xpouozpa¢ 1/ peiJax?Jii' (8); !Opiu Mu?JU1C po3n01la8 nepe?<JlaiJ i 6uiJamm na' ..... At Rm?CU, 8C'11laU08.1teUM cmyneM ZZ 8nAU6J ua «C1ci¢C'bxy icmopi10•• pociiiC'b1wzo icmopu?Ca ?CiUtyl XVII em. A?Wpi.R JlU31loBa (9 ). 3iJiUC?te1ta 0. /JR1t1COM po6oma no36aB· ME 'Hac ueo6xiiJuocmi noiJasamu perne.tL'buuu onuc icmopiozpa¢ii" npo6!w.tu, 3ayixa8.JUmUX eiiJCU.ItaEMO iJo uozo cmameii ( 10 ). ,l(oiJaAw miA'b'KU, t«O niiJ KepieuuymeoM JeaiJanoi' OMuu f.JucmR?COBoi' 6yta uanucaua u Jaxuujena KauouiJamC'bKa iJucepmayi.R ima.Aiuc'bxozo iJoCJtiouu?Ca J(. J('A.~ttamo, npucBR1leua eucsim.~teuuw icmopii" MoC?C08C'b'KOi" iJep:HCa6u ima.~tiuC'b'KUMU xpouicmaAtu XV-XVI em. , y m. 1(,. u r oau'biui (1 1 ). BiiJ3Ha1lUMO ma'KO:JIC 3a?Ji1Ca8.11£1tiCm'b xpoui'K010 TBaU'bl'lii 8 cepeiJoBUt«i )"Kpai'uC'bKoi' uay?Coeoi' e.Mizpa?Jii". Ta?C, yxpai'nC'bKuu 1lepueu'b-BaCUJI,iR:uuu 3 MouacmupR 8 Mo'ltiJepi (KauaiJa) o. 0AeKca'ltiJp Kynpaue?J'b uanucae ?&i.Jz.y xuuzy, npuc8R1leuy aua.Ai:ry B:HCUBan'H.Jl mepAtiua «PyC'b•• y meopi r sau'bini ( 12 ). Tenep 3JnUUUMOCJl ua 6io~a¢ii raau'bi: ui, R'Ka 8iiJoMa, no cym~ mi.Jt'b'KU 8 3aZM'buux pucax. I iJoci He 3Ua£MO m{)1(,uo, ?CMu :He HapoiJu6CJl xpouicm. 3a oouUMu iJauUMu, ue cmaAOCR 1534 p ., 3Q iUW.UMU - 1538 p. (13 ). M ic?Je.M uapoiJ:HCe'H.Wl xpmicma e Bepoua, t«O B lli6ui1tuiu l ma.JLii". .Jl?Ct«O w.eKcnipiac'bxi PoMeo i J(xyA'bEmma icuy6MU uacnpa6oi, mo F8aU'bi1ti Miz 3ycmpi1lamUCJl3 'H.WtU. H azaiJaE.Mo, ~o Brpoua moiJi axoiJUAa iJo C1<./l,aiJy Be1iel&iauC'bKoi" pecny6JtiKu, R?ca oe.Jta y XVIXVJJ em. uenjJUMupeu.uy 6ojJom'b6y npomu OCMaUC'b'Koi"i.MnejJii'. 3 ?Jiei" npwtUHU raau-oi: ui nocmiuuo ?JiKa6uoCR aumuocAtaUC'bKow 6ojJom-o6ow uapoiJi6 €6jJonu ma EAU3bKozo CxoiJy, i ye 3uauULJto csoe 6iiJo6pa:NCeunR y uozo nwojNocmi. J(iiJ Mau6ymu'bozo xpouicma - A.M6poiJ:Nco r aau'biui iJe Pi?J?tOUi ( 1481 - niCJUt 1529) uMeJ/Caa iJo cmapozo u iJocum'b 31W1luozo poiJy, R'KUU niiJuicCR y XV em. A.~ot6po-

C T

JOo6yrnmi Ja.MK)' Ta)'fJyc 8 Errnouii' ( 1561 ), nomi.H, - Bet~.unux JlyK i DOJI01J,bKa, y 60R.x nio 0JtpuuJ.eAt ( 1564 ), HeoJleAt ( 1565 ), Be.JLiJICeM (1567), J'Jww (1568) ma iu., nfJU"WM)' nio Y11010 Atmi6yrnuiu xpouicm nompanu8 y MocKORCbKUU 1WJW'H, aile He80083i 6)'8 8U3BOJLe1iUU c8oU.tu. He8unaiJK08o y,i 6urn8u, a maKO:JK iJii" 8ime6coKozo zapuiJouy 8 1.tacu Jli8onCoKoi" 8iU11.U 311aUUtJLU eiiJo6jJaJICe11.1iR y rn8opi reauoi"ui, xornpuu npuiJiJLue iM iJocum'b 8e.JLU'K)' yeazy. 0. F8a11.bi"11.i 6pa8 y11acm'b i 8 iumux eiuuax, uacaMnepea )1 noxoiJi 11.a Mo.JLiJa8i10 Maz11.ama AJLt6pexma JIaC'bKozo, RKuil xomie nocmaeurnu ua MO.JLiJa8C'bKUil npecmOJL FepaKAiiJa ( J562). flpu Y,MMY F8auti"ui no6a'ttU8 H. a E)1K08U1ii .MiC'Y,e ueUJaC.JLu8oi" 6um8u xopo.JLR Jlua 0.JLo6paxma, UJO 3a3ua8 mRJIC1Wi" nopa3KU 8iiJ MO.JLiJa8cbxozo zocnoiJapR Cmerftaua III Be.JLuKozo y 14 94 p., i 3ZaiJa8 npo y,e y n O.JL'bC'bKiii KUU3i c8oci" xpouiKu. («I iJoci MOJICua no6a'ttumu ma.M CJLiiJu 'Y,iei" ueUJaCJLu8oi" nopa3xu, mo6mo xicmxu, UJO 6i.JLiwm'b y Y,bOMY .JLici. lx R caM 6a1.tue, KOJLU 6ye npu 6o'Y,i 8e.JL'bMOJICuozo naua, cepaiJJ'bxozo 8oeeoiJu A.JL'b6pexma JIacoxozo, xompuu caiJJICa8 ua .MO.JLOa8C'b'KUU npecmo.JL FepaKAioeca ,4ecnoma. Jl mooi, y 15 62 poy,i, 6ye pornMicmpo.M nixomu>>.) flpomRZO.M 18 poxie 6am'b'KO U CU1i F 8a1i'bi.ui 6y.JLu 8 'ttUCJLi 'ttOmU/JbOX pomAticmpie, RKi ()1.t{).JL108MU zapui3ou Bime6C'bxa, UJO cmoJUJ no6.JLU3) mooimuix xopaoui8 BeJLU'KOZO KUR3i8cmea Jlumo8C'bKozo (iJaJLi - BKJI) 3 Mocx08C'b'K010 iJepJICaeow. 06uiJ8a imMiily,i pe81t0 CJLYJICUJLU niiJ naA'bC'bKU.MU npanopa.Mu, 3a ~o iM ni3uiuu fYyJLo iJauo iuiJuzeuam, mo6mo 801tU 8U31la8(J.!LUCR maKOJIC i noJLbC'bKUAtU UI.IIJlxmU'tta.MU. fliiJ 'ttaC 8iiluu Feauoi"ui n031taUOMU8CR 3 1tU31C010 iJepJICa81tUX, nwzimU'ttUUX ma 8iUCb1C08UX iJill1.ti8 Petti llocno.JLumoi: 3oxpe.Ma 3 eeAU'KUM zembMa'llO.M AUm08CbKU.M FpuzopiE.M Xoi11ceeu1U!.M, 3 OeJl?CU.MU BU31la1tuUMu oco6aMU 3apy6iJIC1lUX iJepJICae ( 16 ), ~o meJIC

n cnfntll.lto ) 1CniumoMy jJoJeurnKy iwzo KajJ'ejru. Y 1569jJ. /8au'bi.ui ((JlceeuiJuo, jJaJOM i3 6am1r xoM) 6ye ceiaKoM 31itLM£1iumozo Jl?o6Ai1iC'bKozo ceiLMy, ua KomjJoMy 6y.JLo npozoJLouteuo yui1o Be.JLuxozo KU.R3iecmea Jlunw8C'b'Kozo 3 Kopouow llo.!toC'b'K010 i ymeopewH.R PC11i nocno.JLUmoi". Ha Y,oOM)' JIC CeUMi 0. F8a1i'bi"1ii ua K.JLonomauuR 6pm-1 iJeH6yp3oKozo Mapxzpa1Ja HoaxuAta II 6yJLo 1WCBR'tte1W e pu?J,ajJi. YuieepcaAo.M xojJO.JLJl Crneifiaua EamopiR 8iiJ 16. 07.1571jJ. 'i'wMy 6y.1t0 11.aiJauo i'HiJuzeuam, a oiJuo'l.lacuo 3ameepoJICyeaecR i uozo zep6 «Gwagnin•> i3 3o6paJICeu1illM ZJICa?<a, UJO .MaJLO 8Ka3yearnu ua npi38UUJ,e iJioa (npi38uUje Rizzoni noxoiJumo 8iiJ «riccio», mo6mo «iJicaK>> ). 111e pauiuu 8i1i ornpuJ.ta8 iJunJW.M ua iJ8opR1icmeo eio iMnepamopa «CBRUJe'H'HOi" PUMCbKOi' iMnepii'>>. Fea?t'blUi 6y8 C8iO'KOM 'lj,epeMO'Iiil CK.JLaOa1l1tR npycc'bKUM XUR3e.M AA'b6pexmoM {/}piopixo.M npuCRZU 'lia 8ip1iiCm'b xopo.JLe8i Ilo.JLoCbxo-Jlumo8coxoi' iJepJICaeu Cuzi3Myuoy Aozycmy, omJICe, KUR3'b cma8ae 8acaJLoM ocmauuoozo (y,eu eni3oo rpy'limoeuo euc8im.JLeuuil y xpouiy,i). ,4exmo 3 'lti.tt'b?tux nepcou Pe'lii IlocnoAumoi', uaca.Mnepea 3 'ttUC.JLa Mazuamie, 6y8 noKpoeume.JLeM F8a1i'bl1ii, RKUU npuc8RmU8 iM oxpe.Mi KUUZU C806l xpouixu. IlpuiJU8UMOC.Jl 00 ?tUX 6AUJIC'tte. Ileputa ?Cuuza xpouiKu 6yJLa npuceR1le'Jia MuKoJtaeei 3e6JICuooeC'bKOMY ( 155 3-1620), 8oeeooi Kpaxoea - Micma, iJe npoJICU8a8 ?ta CXU.JLi Aim Feaubi'Ui. 3e6JICU008C'b'KUU o6iil.Ma8 pRiJ 8aJICAU6UX oepJICa81tUX nocaiJ: 8eJLU'KUU .MaputaJLO'K uaoeipuuu xopouuuu ( 1596-1600), KpaKiBCbKUu eoe8oiJa ( 1601-1620). cmapocma cmeuJICUY,'b'KUU (3 1582 p.), puy,o'KUU (1 585-1620), xpaKiBC'bKUU (1585- 1620), JLJl'li'Y,'KOpouc'bKUU ( 15 90-15 98), CURmU?tCb'KUU (3 1596 p.), 6o.AeCJLa8Cb'KUU, A10Mi'H.coxuu ooeeoiJa ( 1589-1597). J(pyza xuuza npuc6R'ttYBa.tULCJL Mu?COJL(l'IO Kpummorfty Pai)JUoin.n.y 2ep6a « TfrY6a». Y 1Ulcu roau'bi'Hi iJwo ax 'lletneepo MU'KMai'o 3

B C T

yui· teM3i8Cb1coi' iJu'Hacmii,

wR Kpum-

f n ( OJ~..CKcauopa ma tjJo?ti.Ma Xoihceeu1tio - 6pamie .Jlua KapoAA) eiu ssaJICae cooi.Mu n(}o Kpoourn.e.tLJl.Mu, Kopucmy8aeCR ixui.Mu teu~ 36ip1i.RMU, OC 'ttUmaB <ICmajJi nOA'bC'b'Ki ma BeJLuKozo 'K1i..R3iecmea Jlumoec?JKozo xpmtiKw~. oipozioHo, iJicmaa eiiJ Hux .R'KiC'b KO'Ulmu ua 8uiJa1t'H.R caMe 'ltiei. 'ttaemuuu na.M 'sl.m1<u. C'boMa 'KUU2a njJUC8.R1tYB(J..!La(.Jl KaH1plejJy ountWMamy Be.n.uKozo K1Ul3iecmoa JlumooCb'KOZO Jl'b8J (Jleou)') Cani:Ji (1557-1633). Ocma'Huiu o6iil.Ma8 Ba:JfC.ILuei oep:JICaB?ti nocaau y BKJJ: nucap Be.JLU'KUU JLUmOBC'b'KUU ( I581-1585), niiJKaU1tJLep JtUmOBC'b'KUU ( 1585-1589), 'l<.a1i.W'£/J.ILUmD8C'b'KUU ( 15891623) ma i1t., 6pae y'llacm'b y Jlieonc'b'Kiil eiil?ti. .JlK onpae'ltUU naHezipucm F ea?t'bt?ti ocni8ye 3aC!Lyzu ue mi.ll'b'KU Jl'bBa Canizu, a il )'C'bOZO pooy Caniz, .RKuil, iJo pe-.ti, 6ye yKpaZ?tC'b'KUM, aJLe zem'b cnoJLo?tisyeaeCJt il DKamoJLU'ItU8CJl uanpuKi?t?ti XVI - ?ta n01larm<y XVII em., i caMJlee Caniza nepeilmo8 3 npaeoCJLao 1l. 8 KamO.ILU'l&U3M. npuco.Rma CaniZaM CaMe MOC'K08C'b'KOi. 1CUUZU 'lie 6yAa BUnaiJ'K08010, OC'KUt'b1CU 801-lU 'HaJte:JICaJtU 00 naJt'KUX npuxUJL'b'ltUKie excnancii' Pe-.ti JlocnoJLumoi' ua CxiiJ. 3oKpeMa, Jlee Caniza 6yo pee?tUM njYuxwl'b1tU'KO.M KopOJLR Cuzi3.My1ida III y cnpaei 3anpo8aOJICe?t1i.R EepecmeilC'bKoi)?ti~ KojJOJt'b Cmeifjau EamojJiU noCUAae uoeo 3 dUn.tUJJit(LmU'IlU010 Micie10 iJo MocKBU, a Jlu Caniza ( 156 9-161 I) 6ye y oupi noiJiil CMyrnu, a 8.1lim"'Y 1608 p. ei?t ycynejJet{ 3a6ojJ01iaM KojJMR il ceiu.ty 01lOAU8 noxiiJ ingJ.ILR1iOC'bKOi' apMii' Petti n ocnQ/tUrJWi' na !vloC'KOBC'b'h') OejJJICaey, 8 16081609 pp. 6pae y'~wcm'b B o6Ao3i Tpoi''lJ'b1CDCepziceoi' Jtaepu, 6ye ?taeim'b zem'bllta1iOM y JIJICeouJotumjJiR 1/. l.(eii npeiJcnzaeuuK pooy Canie noMRp eiiJ noULecmi 8 ofiAoJICeHoMy MOC'K08C'b'KOJoL)' Kpv.uti 4 8r/JeC1Ul 1611 p. (17). BoCbAta KHuza 6yw npuam'lfe'Ha Kpummoifio8i AloHeuiJooi .LlojJozoonauC'b'KOM)', Mafr UW./L'KJ BKJJ, 80JlK08U1lCb'KOJoL)', .MC11lU60BC'b'KQ.Aty i OU'Ha./lt101lOCb'KOJot)' cmapocmi. Wocma i iJee R.ma ( a6o JtC iJeauna) K'H.Uzu 6)'./LU npucfJJl1tC1li UUUl:X71lU11.aM IJ.i'KOBC'b'hWt

mo¢ Acae miA1>teU m. ss. CupimKa ( 154 91616 ), siiJoMuu iJep:JICaenuu i eiilc'bteoeuu iJiR1t Petti flocnMumoi: Rteuu s 1604 p. a:JIC iJo c.!tU!fJmi nepe6yeae na nocaiJi eiAenC'bteozo eo6eoiJu, na ~o 81U13ano e npuceRmi xpo?ticma. ,4o pett~ xpo?ticm axmueno BUKojJucmae cnozaiJu «Cupimxu» npo nMo.AtUU?&meo iJo CeRmoi' 3e.M./I,i 1583 p., npo ~o um'U.MernbCR uu~e. Peena xamattU?&'b'Ka eipa 'K1ut3R., iiozo .11/IOOoe iJo.~timepamypu ma MUC17'le'l&mea ue .AWZJtU ue npueejmymu cu..Atnamiil Teau'bi"'lti. ,l(ooaMO, ~o PaiJsueitut (<Cupim'Ka» 6pM aKmue?ty J'ltacm'b y Jlieo'HCb'Kiil eiil'H~ 30'Kj>e.Ma xo-Ata?tOyBae 3?tatt?tUM 3azO'ItOM niiJ 'ttac PaoomxoeU'lJ'b?Coi· onepa?tii' ( 1567) ma o6Jtozu Y.~tu ( 1568), i, no3a cyM?tiBOM, moiJi X n031taUOMU8CJl 3 Fean'bi"ui. Ocmmmiu 6e:JnocepeiJ1t'bo e1U13Je, ~o 'l)e :mauoMCmBO eiiJ6ywCR. e moil 'ttac, 'KOJLu xpouicm C.ILJ:JICUB y Bime6c'bKJ i, ((eflaJICau, mojncaeCR frJKmo eeJLu?Cot npwt:mi "tyuuocmi U,!Odo ce6e... y npenum?W.My iJoMi eamoi' na'H.C'b.. .

1COt MOcml >>.

TpemR Kuuza npuceR'tt)!BaJLaCJl MapKzpaifjy 3uZMyum)' Mum'KOBC'b'KOMJ ( noMep y 1615 p. ), .R'KUU 6)18 eouui'lJ'b'KUM 'l<.au.tmeAR?tOM y 1598-1603 pp., cmapocmow uoemcop'ttU?tC'b'KUM i BiC.ILU'lJ'b'KUM (3 1600 p. ), COJLe'/t'b'KUM (3 1603 p.), zopoiJe'lJ'b'KUM (3 1606 p.), BeJLU'KUM uaiJeopnUM .MapmaJL'KOM J 16031615 pp.; 'ttemeeprna Kuuza- Mu'KOJLae8i BOJL'bC'b'KDMY 3 lliiJzae'/t'b, .RKuil6ye MettUU'KOM Kopo'lt 'H-UM (15 74-1599), rtaoeop'ltUM Kopo'lt1i.UM .MapmaJL'KOM ( 1600-1616), Be.JlU'KUM Mapma.~t'KOM 'KO/J01i'HUM ( 1616- I 630), a ma'KOJIC cmapocrno1o eoJLnmCI>'KUM, 'KUteni'lJ'b'KUAt i iJy6ertC'b'KUM rna iH.; n 'Rrna 1<.nuza- euiJarnuoMy noJL'KOBOO?tW .fh-~,y KajJoJLw XoiJ'KeOU"ty, .ILUm08C'b'KOM'J 2PrJlhlta1WBi, :JICM)'VC'b'JCOM)' crnapocmi, ni:Juiwe - KOllta uiJyBa"tY 8iu C'b1Wlltu Pe-.ti nocnoAurnoi' niiJ 1 taC XomwtC'bKoi' Biimu 1621 p. 8au-oi'ui do6JH' 31-ta(J U020 6am'b1W rpuzopi.n, XoiJKeOU'Ila, 8e.ILU'KOZO zern'b.Ma'Ha .ILUmOOC'b'KOZO i BUteltC'b'KOZO 'KaW11leJLJl1W. )x, a rna'KOJIC i?tu.tux npedcmafmuKi8 'lJ'bOZO poiJy

D C T

eho i '~Wcmuuy TamajJif, ). Bmca Atae o6au 203 apxywi in folio i CKJZaiJaembCJt giaKmU'l£· 1t0 3 7 1<11U2, 3 Jl'KUX nejJmi mjJU Ata10m'b C1lUl:lr uy nazi11a~iw, a jJeutma - oxpe.My ( 19). Kuuzu )''K.!LaOGJLUCJI, Ja 3Bwmow cxeAtow: noiJaBa6c..R. cmuCJLuu icmojJuKo-zeozpaifii't(,'ftUU onuc xjJai·uu, nomiM. - OKpe.Mmt icmojJU't(.'ftUU 1tapuc njJO noiJii. naca.AtnejJeiJ BiUC'b'IC060-no.!Ll11lU1l1WZO xapaxmepy, a6o :Jfc 1ta61W'Ku: (IU'K.!Lm)n.ttaCR icmojJ'iR Kpai·uu, a nomi.M )'JICe po3noeiiJaJLOCR npo ii zeozpaifji'l£1-te 1WJto:HCeu1tR. HanjJuKiHy,i XOJIC1tot. Kuuzu 6)•Jto noiJauo <<Pezecmp» - ceoej1iouuu iMeuuuu, zeozJ1aifji't(,uuu i cwJtCemuuu noKa:JfC'l£UK. L(R x11uza 6yw 6azamo i.Awcmpo6aua, 'ltaemKoeo zpa6wpaMu, xompi pa1time BUKopucma6 Bcmop y .JLamU1tC'b'KOM)' 6UOa1tui xpouixu M. Mtxo6C'b?Cozo. He ecmuZJta xpouiKa p03iumum no.Mi:JIC 'l£uma't(.aAtU, Rx eu6yxuy6 CKauiJaA. llio.JLezJLuu T6au'bi1ti no CJLy:J~C6i y Bime6C'b'K)' uuul.xmu'l£ Ma?&eil CmpuuK06CbKuu ( 6ouu paao.M CJl)'JICWLU MU3'b'KO 060X pOKi6), Jl'ICUU 32000.M 30o6yoe saCJLy:JfCffiOt CJLaeu .RK noem i xpouicm, y 1579p. 36U1t)'6amu6 imaAiU'l&Jl 6 rutaziami ( 6i1t Oa6a6 T6a1t'bi1ti 'I{,Umamu fJYKonuc C60ei" x}J01ti'KU). J4 JLUn'ftR 1580 p. CJO 1ta '~WJLi 3 KojJoJleM BU31ta6 npa6omy CmpuuKo6CbKozo. A.ne e 1ta)"'C06UX KOJLaX 3 mozo 'l£G£Y i 001-tUHi mpu6ae oUCKyciR 1J,!,OiJo aemopcm6a 1JWZO m6ofly (20). OCKiA'bKU moil 3fl011J,acuuu jryKonuc, 11,!,0 uozo Cmpuu'IC06Cb'KUU oaeae 'li.Umamu F6a1t'bi"ui, i iJoci ue 3uauiJe1to (eiu, O't(.e6uouo, ue s6epieCR), mo 1!,10 npotitte.M,y 'IUlfJp.Ro 'l£U eoacm'bCJl ocmam01(.1tO eupimumu, mo6mo ecmauoeumu cmyniU'b 3(JJl£:JIC1WCmi xpoui'KU Fea1t'bi"1ti BiiJ m6opy CmpuuK06C'b'Kozo. I ece :HC neeui nonepeoui 6UC1t06'KU spo6umu MOJfCUQ. llpo8eOe1tUU 1-Ul.M.U mw.~tis iJae nwcmaou cm6epoxy6amu, 11,!,0 npo n.ttaziam MOJtCua 6ecmu .M08J mi.tt'b'KU cmocomw nepmux iJ6ox 'K1tU2 MmuuoM06Uozo «Onucy••• ». Cmpuu'KOBC'b'K.uu nomiM BuiJaB c6iil meip no.abCb'K.ow MOB010 y Keuizc6ep3i ( 1582) (21 ), i y H.bOMJ, maJCoJtC i B uoeo sipmoeauiu py1eonucuiu eepcii. (22),

cejJ6a «PaiJemt,>, uaca.ftmepeiJ CrlWI·dcJta(l)' lliKOBCbKOM)', eiiJO.ftW.ftt)' HG 11W1~ 't(.aC OWUW· ,\famy P('lti floolOAunzoi: YnpuceRmi-noxeaJti LliKoecoKu.M TeaH.'bi"Hi npoCAa6./lJle maxo:JIC 6ambKa ceozo nampona, a.;w 1lOAt)'C'b 'H£ Jzaoye npo ii.ozo iJiiJa - ftrfu'KoJtaR L(ixOBloxozo (no.fttep )' 1535 p. ), xompuu o6iiu.wo nai'i6UUJi )' ?tM"')' poiJy iJrp.)l('aBHi nocaiJu, 1tanjJu1Ulaa KOPO'H HOlD AtetWU'KG ( 1501- 1515). Y 15 74 p. 0. l6a11'bi'ni iJicmae 3 ooJti 'KDpoM <l>ww nioC'bxe cmapocmBo 11 a npycC'b1WJtumoBC'bKOM)' npwwpomi/H.i (18), JauwwCR maAt nionpul5Amuy,m6oAt, GJle 6eJ oco6Jtuaux ycnixie, epewmi 'ltUMaJto 3a6opzyea6. 3 1J,iei npU't(.U1tU BiH. no6ejJHJ6CR 1-ta BiUC'bK06J CJl)':JfC· 6y i 63R8 )l'l{,aCm'b y noxooi KojJO./lJl Cmeifjmta EamopiR npomu 6yumi61tU'l£0ZO raauc'bxa (1577). L(e oaJto 3Atozy xpouicmy mpoxu noJtinmumu ceoe MamepiM'b'fte cmauoeuuje. Y moAt)' :JfC 1578 p. eiu 8UXOU)'Ba6 ounJtoAtamu'l£ui iJojJy'l£eu1m xopoM oo 6euey,iauCbxozo ooJtCa, U.MoeipHo, 6pae y'l£acm'b i 6 xopoAi6C'b'KOM)' nOCOA'bCmBi aeAa YxaUC'b'KOZO 00 /JUMC'bKOZO nanu rpuzopiR XIII (ii.ozo noumuifjiKam npunaoae ua 1572-1585 pp.). Ma6ym'b, y 38 Jl.JKy 3 1JWt eiu ompU.Ata6 y PU.Mi mumyJL zpa¢a Jlamepauc'bxozo n(LJLay,y i ue 3a6y6a6 6'Ka3)'6amu 1JeU mumyA y 3azOJLo6'Kax Kuuz ceozo m6opy. Y't(,aCm'b y nocoJL'bcm6i T6au'bi.ui noeouae 3 6upimeu1tR.M oco6ucmux MaU1106UX cnpa6, 1ta6im'b oicmae KpeOum ua cnopROJICe1t1tR oeox Kopa6JLi6 OAA nocma60K 3ep1UL, Catla, Aicy mD'lJ,!,O 3 roa'ftCb'ICa iJo Bepouu i Be1te1!,ii: l.J'bOZO J1C poKy 6 munozpaifJii" KpaKi6C'b'KOZO iJpyKapR Ma?&e.R Be:He6e1tmu T6a1t'bi1ti euiJae c6ow xpouiKy AamuuC'bKow .M060'JO nio Ha36ow c<Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio, quae regnum Poloniae, Lituaniam, Samogitiam, Russiam, Masaviam, Prussiam, Pomeraniam, Livoniam et Mosclwviae, mrtariaeque partem complectitUT» ( ccOnuc E6poneUC'b'KOi CapMamii, R'KUU oxon.ttws KopOJI,ioCm6o floJL'bUJi, Jlumey, Ca.Mozimiw, PyC'b, MaaoBiw, llpycci10, lloMejlaui10, Jli6ouiw, ma'KO:JIC MoC'Ko-

B C T 8UC8imA1080JUJCJt nepeea:JIC'IW icrtwpilt Petti flocnMunwi: OOnmc Fean'bfui 6epe a'H.a'lluo 6i.Jt'bu w.uu MaCUtma6. J1ozo meip pi3uumWteiiJ xpoHi?CU Cmpui11WBC'bKozo maKO:JIC i cmpyxmypuo, Micmurm, opuziuOJt'b'lti cnocmej.Je:»ce'ltM C(J.M()ZO Feau'bi"ui. l.l(e 6i.A'bu.tO'IO e eiihtiuuicm'b Mix o6o.Ma xpouiKaMu, Jt'KUjO 30iiicuumu nopio'HJl:H.'H.Jl 3 nM'bC'b'KOMOB'ItUM. ouoauu.R.M.. moofrY Foau'bi"ui 1611 p., RKe 31ta1t'lto wupwe 3a o6CRZO.M i .Micmum'b OnUC 6azamWX noiJiu, R'Ki cma.ttuCR B:JICe no atepmi CmpuuKoBC?:JKozo! 3pewmmo, noMmm.R. ruaziamy 8 XVIXVII em., ue 1ca:»eyttu npo pauiwi 'llacu, 6y.1w eiiJuoC'ItU.M, KOMniMtmopcmoo RBJUUW co6o10 munooy pucy icmopiozpa¢ii' cepeiJu'bOBi'llnoi· oo6u, 'llaCm'KOBO u panu'bOMOOepnoi. CaM CmpuiiK08CbKuii, RK i pRo uozo C'J'Ilacuuxio, cnoKiuno ouKopucmooyoae npa?&i nonepeouuKio (.Rna ,ll.JLyzouta, Ma?JeR MexoocvKozo, Eepuapoa Banoocoxoeo, Mapuina KpoMepa ma in.), nepeuoc.A'IlU y ceiii moip 3na'llui iX ¢pazMenmu. He Moxna ne oxa3amu u ua me, ~o meip, ouoauuii nio npi3ou~e.M Teanoini, Ma8 C8010 Ca.MOCmiuny icmopiw i Mi1J,no yoiuwoo oo icmopiozpaffti"inoi· mpaiJu?&ii. caMe nio iiozo i.Meue.M. ToMy Mu, Jl:K i OeRKi aomopumemH.i nMocoxi icmopuKu, uaca.Mnepeo <!>. Co6~aucoxuii, 8Baxae.Mo xpo1iiKy moopiu'H.Jl.M.. OJLeKcauiJpa 8a'lt'bt'lti. CKauiJa.JL 3 npuoooy a8mopcmaa naM 'RmKU 3a8eputu8CA oocum'b ULBUO'KO i 1ie no3'/ta'llUBCR 1w cmamyci 0. T8auoiui. Ha uamy iJyMxy, 0. ,llR'IlOK ue Mae pa1!,ii~ npunycxa10'ltU, u~o «Rx6u ue CMepmo M. CmpuuxoaC'b'KOZO y 15 82 p., mo CK.aniJaJI:b1W icmopiR ua6upOJta 6uo8ux o6epmi8» (23 ) . .fi?C C8iOttam'b 1l080(JUR8JLeui oxepe.!ta, CmfJU U'KO(JC'b'KU u npoJICU8 ~e Oocum'b Ooazo, CJLYJKU8 xamoJLUU'bKUM C8RUjeUU'KOM J 1582-15 93 flp. y 10p6ojYKy, aJLe ue.Ma Omtux npo me, UJO 8iu 31t08J nopymyoa8 cnfJa8y npo n.JLaziam. nio 'llac noxoiJy Kopo.!LR ua BeAU'Ki Jlyxu T8auoi.ui, Rxuu 6yo npu uozo 6o'lJ,i, ojJJ'IlU8 Cmeifjauy EamojJho coiu rn8ip «na ca.Miu .~otoc KOOC'bxiu zpauu1J,i». flK CJtyumo npunycmu8

0. /lR1t01C,

<'1j,C 6y8jJYKOnUC opyzozo, iJono81tC· uozo 8UOaUUJt "Onucy 68poneUC'b'KOt Cap. Mamii'", uaopyKo8anozo 8 Cnipi (lllneEpi) 1581 p. '' (24 ). 3ll3ua'llU.MO, UjO iJpyze ouiJaK· UR moojJy 6y.JLo po3u.tupene ( cwiJu yeiuWJto e nepwy 'ltepzy onoeioauUR <<Gesta praeci· pua... , npo mupaui1o l8a'IW IV) i 'IW.JtittyoQ.!UJ B:JICe ] 0 'K1lU2, 'IW:JIC'IW 3 R'KUX MOJta C8010 naziua1J, zw. L(U.M 8UOa'lt'll.R.M oiiJKpU.!Lac.A 'ltOBa cmopin'Ka o icmopii rn8opy, Rxuu cmao u.teuiJKo 3a8ouoey8amu CUMnamii 'llUma1.{,iB yciei €8ponu. 1582 p. o moMy :JIC lllneEpi e munozpa¢ii' Eepuzapoa J1a.JL'b6ina euuuw8 nepwuu nepeK.JtaO MOC'K06C'b'KOi. 'K'ItUZU xpmti'KU F Ba1l'bi'ui ( ui.Me'l!.'b'KO'IO M08010) niiJ 1lll380'10: «Etliche Historien von des jetzigen Grossfiirsten in der Moscha johan Basiliadis grawsamer Tyranney... », mo6mo «KiAoKa icmopiu npo uuuimuwzo 8MUKozo K'HJlJJl, MOCK.08C'b'Kozo l8aua BaCUJL'bOBU'Ila, :J/Copcm01Cozo mupaua... "· IJ.e 6y.JLa ue8MU'Ka Kuuza o6CRZOM y 76 cmopinoK ifjopMamy in quarto. TaM xe mozo x pOKy 3 'Rouoc.A m. 38. J6ipuuK J/aCU'lJ,'bKozo, KJOU yeiuuwe ypue01C 3 MOCK.08Cb'KOl 'K'ItU· eu xpO'IliKu, ~o Micmu8 po3noeiiJ'b npo pe.n,iziw MOCK.08umie i pycuuio. Tooi :JIC y Ea3e.n,i ouuuto8 JLamuuoMo8uuu mpumo.MuuK flicmopiR 3 moopie npo icmopiw flo.JL'bUJi ( <<Polonicae Historiae corpus»), KyiJu yeiUUUI,U n 'Rm'b ypu8'Kie 3 moofry T8au'bi'ui (25 ). 1583 p. y Be1le1J,ii' euuwoo uwpoKooiiJoMuu 36ipuuK PaMyJio «Navigationi et viaggi» ( <<Mopenaaocrnoo i noiJojJo:JKi» ), )' OP)'ZOMY moAti R?Cozo 6y.JLo 6Atiup?1W nepeKJtaiJ maopy F8mt'bi.ui imllfliiiclr 'K010 .J.W8010 (26). Y 1590 p. y llpa3i 6 munozjmifjii',llmdeA.R Aoa.Ma Be.aec.Jwoi'lla 6y.JLo ouda'llo '~lfC'bKUU nepeKJLaO .J.toC'KOBC'b'KOi' 1C1iUZU xpouiKu 1Bmtoi1ti niiJ 3azoA08KOM <<Kronyka Mozkewska. lVypsanij p1"1'dnich zemi, krajin, naroduw, knizetstwi, rnest, zamkuw, rzek a jezer, welilwmu Jmizeti mozl~ewskemu poddanych... " (<<!11ocK08CO'Ka xpouiKa. Onuc zo.Jwo'llux 3e.MeJZ'b, Kpal'-H, 1iapoiJie, KWL3i8cmo, Micrn, 3aM.'Kio, piK ma o3ep, Jl'Ki nioMzawm'b

n c

8fJlUKO.MJ 'KUR3e8i .\f0(1\08Cb1W.M)'" ). i1ozo JOiucuue Z)'Mmdcm 1\1arnoiil. /(x?iil (no.MejJ )' 1589 p. ). l)w nj;ay,w nomiM 1upeeuaaAu )' 1602 i 1786 pp. (27). Y 1600 jJ. y (/)par~.'K· ¢ypmi-ua-J\1aii1-ti no6a'llww ceim nepreuaaHH.R Aa1nUU010 .W.OCKO(]Cb'KOi" K'HUZU xpoui'KU reauoi"ui, nooaue y 36ipuu'Ky meopie pi:mux aemopie, Kompi nucaJlu npo A1oc'KOBiw: «Rerum 1\1oscoviticarum au to res varii» ( <<Cnpa6u MOC'KOBCO'Ki pi3uux a6mojJi6>> ). iCJtR o6Jwzu Eamopie.t C'KOBa ( 1580), J 'KOmpiu, ()tteBUOUO, 6pae }"'.laCm'b TeaU'bZ'Hi, eiH euuuwe y eiocmaeKy. Y 1581 p. uoMy 6pw njJU3Ha'l.te'H.o ner~.ci10 y 200 3Aomux .1i CKap6y BKJI. Tozo JIC poKy xpouicm Buixae ao I1J8f!1&ii"y 8./lacH.UX MaU1l08UX i mopzo8ello'H.UX cnpaeax, 006UBCR pe'KoMtmOa1!,iU 1iaBimo eiiJ weeoco'Kozo KopoAA lOxaHa Ill ma Kopo.fleeu Karnepu'HU. 31!,UMUAUCmaMU reauoi"1ii 8Upywuo 00 fmallii", 3Bi0'KU noeep1iJBCR 00 flolloUf), Ma6ymo, mozo JIC pO'Ky. fliCJtR 1!,'0020 xpoHicm ocie y Kpmwei, oe 6ye BXOJICUU 00 oeapy Kpmdeco'Kux cnuCKonie, npoooBJIC)'Bae JaiiMamuCR nionpucMHuy,meoM ( eupo6HU?&· meoM CK./lb,) i mop2i8Jle10, a.JT..e 31iOBJ 6eJ oco6.rtueux ycnixie. y Kpa'KOBi rea1ioZ1ii u noMep 1614 p., npo ?J&O ceiihumo i'Hwuil noJLoC'b'KUU xpoHicm llluM01i CmapoeolloCO'Kuii, R'Kuu, 6eJnepett1iO, 31iae i «Xpo'Hi'Ky eeponeiico'KOt CapMamii"··· 0JLe'Kca1iiJp FeaNoi"ui 1ie 6ye oOpyJICe'l-tUU, niCJIJl Noozo 'He 3allUUtUJWCR 1iaU&aiJ'Kie. OJLeKcauop Fea1ioi1-ti c aemopoM, no cym~ 00U020 meopy, R'KUU 3'JWUBCJL. y JtamU'HOM081iiU eepcii"1578 p. i eumpUMae 1CU'b1W nepeeuoa'Ho, npo ?J&O BJICe U:Ul.JWCR. Y 1611 p. 3i 3200u FBa1i'bi"ni (i, O'lteBU01iO, niiJ UOZO 1iazJLROOM) JLamU'HCo'Ka Ofry'KOBa'Ha eepciR 6yJLa oonD81ie'lla, nepeK..!laOeHa euiJaHa noJLoC01C010 MOB010 (2omu1.t1iUM. mpu!fimoM) munozpa!ftoM Mu'KoJtaCM Jlo6o.M nio 1-ta3emo ( Kronilla Sarmacyey Europskiej.- Krak014 1611) (28). r(e !ftoAianm 3 852 cmopiNO'K (nazina?Jifl y ?J'boMJ BUOa'H'Hi 6 cy?&i.Jt'b'H010), noiJi.ae?tUU ua 9 a6o 10 xnuz (29), 'KO:JICna a .RKUX npucBR'I.te-

y n 'H.a OKfJt'JrtiU euoamui?.t oco6i Petti nocnoJLUmoi·. Il.JonjJaROa, OC11W'HUR 'K1iU2Q 1.tfjJP.1 R'Keco Henopmy.M.iuun H(1.38a1W rno {)('{] 'Rmow, mo OeCRm010, )' 'lilU 1£Pnpa6U./loUO npO'H)'MepoBa'liO 'KUo?W cmopiJwK: C. 3-6 nOMU./l?WBO nooaui RK 35-38. Jb, 3Cl31iQ'I{.U8 CaM T6a'Hoi1-ti y nepeo.M06i ao nejJU.wi" 'K1£U2U 'lf,'bOZO BUOaU'HR, «OA.R, ?CjJauJ_ozo 3poJy.MiNH.fl oae ii. ( xjJoHixy.10. M.) nepe'KJWC1llU nO.floCb1C010 MOB010, oaBU.lU 'tiU.MallO 'HO(]UX petteu, 3.Mi'HU6UlU me, u~o eaaJICaB nompi6HUM.... i aaiJyMaB euoamu y ceim>•. Buoan1tR 161 lfJ. J.ticmumo 6azamo i.awcmpay,iu-zpae1op, R'Ki 3o6paJKywm'b nepeeaJKuo icmopu'l.t'HUX zepoi"e ma 6ama.JL'b1ii cy,eHu. BoHu eiopi31iR10mocR eio mux, ?J&O 6yAu y 8UOQ1i1ii xpo1ii'KU 15 78 p. flOJt'bCo'Ki oocAiouu?Cu M. Buwueec'b'KUU i T. YAeBU'I.t 3Cl31iQ'I.tallU, ?J&O 'lf,eU ifLwcmpamUBHUU Mamepiall 3ano3U'I.te1-tuu 3 moopy a1iMiiicoxozo aemopa Eumo'Hi J(JICe1iKi1ico1ia «Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae descriptio» (JloH001i, 1562), Cuzi3MyHoa Tep6epmmai11ia «Rerum Moscoviticarum commentarii>> ( Ea3eJto, 1556) i eiooMozo meopy May,eR Mcxoeco'Ko20 «Chronica Polonorum» (Kpa?Cie, 1521), npu'l.toMy e ocma1i'H'boMy ounao'Ky ?&C 6yAu nepeea:JIC'HO nopmpemu nOA'bC'b'KUX x'HR3iB ma KopoJLie (30). Bapmo 3a.11ia'l{.umu, ?J&O 'l.tacmuHa illwcmpay,iu xpoHixu Mexoect>xozo 6yJLa 3ano3u'l.te1ia 1.tepe3 nocepeouu'l!,mBo meopie Mapy,i'Ha ECJtt>C01Cozo <<Kronika wszystkiego swiata» ( c<Xpo1ii'Ka 8C'b020 ceimy>•) (Kpa'KiB, 1564), Mapy,iNa ma HoaxUMa EeAoCo'KUX << ... » ( «Xpo1ii'Ka IloA'b?J&i>> ), (Kpa'Kie, 1597), a ma'KOJIC 3i cmeopenoi nio enJLueoM ocma1i1iix i 3 BU'Kopucman1i.llM lX1iiX 'KJLime nopmpemiB 3 iJpyKap1ii J/1ey6a 3i6euauxepa i euoanozo y KpaKoei y 1605 p. moopy 'KCoouoJa J/ua FAyxoeco'Ko20 «Ikones kr616w i ksiqiqt polskich >> ( <'Ilopmpemu noA'bC'b'KUX KnRaie ma 'KOpoAiB>>) (31 ). 36izaemt>CR, 30'KpeMa, no?taiJ 20 nopmpemie xpoNi'Ku Feant>ini , 8MiUjenux .Mail::HCe noe'Hicm10 y nepwiu i"i' 1C'HU3i, 3 mUMU, R'Ki 31-taXOdUMO J meopi .RHa

ao-

rJLyXOBCb'KOZO. CaiiJ HaZQJlOCUmU, 7.«0 3Za0a?-£i nopmpemu Hejliihco 6YMOBHUMU, i Feau'bi'ni 8 OeRKUX eunaihcax, po3noewaKI'tu npo pi3uux icmopu"',UUX oci6, nooa6 OOUH i moil CQ.M.UU nopmpem. ~R nAymauuua 3 nopmpema.Mu 6yAa 8io3ua'~teHa pi3uwtu ooCJLiouwca.Mu, 301Cpe.Ma, 0. J(R'IW'K 81Ul3JE, UjO TeaH'biui noOa8 a6cOJl:IOmHO momo:HCui nopmpemu JlewKa II, MewKa I i EOJl£C/UJIJa V. Ti.A.bKU 811£/JWUX xuueax xpoui'Ku 6yw noBmopeuo 17 epa81op (32 ). TeaH'biUi 'ltQCOM 6U'KO/JUCm08JE 'KJjJCUB, HUM 8Uoi.Aeui 38U'Itauuo Aamuuo.MoBui ¢paeMeHmu meKcmy, ma'Ko:HC 6iltowicm'b BipwiB, Oe.JL'Ki sa2M08KU oo eipwie, o?Cpe.Mi eupasu. ~ BeAU'K"J ?JiHuicm'b cmaH06JlJlm'b so6pa:HCe'HH.Jt zep6iB pi3Hux BOEBoOcme rna 3eM.eAb P~i flocnoJtumo~ ?Capmu'Ha 3aciiJam(Jl, ceii.My. H a !ttapzi'HIXXl.X 'KHUZU fiyAu eMiuteHi. cm'UC.Jli nW3(1Z(T JUJBKU-«JlixmapuKU>>. Ha mumyflbuiu cmopiH?ti noiJaui 2jlae10fru 6amaJL'bHUX C?&m, a 3HU3J iJeei3 aernopa: <<Hie sibi delegit sedem pulclumima virtus: Hinc sua Sauromatus sors super astra vebit» ( «BiH co6i 'lia'Kasae SHailmu 1-£aii11l.ll.fl.XemHiwy ~tty:J~Cuicmo: mo~tty uozo J1taCm'b noeepue cap~ttamie y CJ3ip'Jt, ). B iuwux Ce.MU 'KHuzax .MaUJfCe 'H.e.Ma 1W6UX Ut10cmjJa1f,iii: TBaHbi.H i o6.Mexyem'bCR noemopa.Mu mux imocmpa?!,iU., R'Ki Bxe 6yAu eu?Copucmaui y nonepeiJuix mfrbox Kuuzax. 30Kpe.Ma, oiJuu MM'IOUO'K 6amMo1wi· C1f,eHU ( o6.twza 3a.M'KY) 6y1w euKopucmarto OM iltwcmpay,ii' 1f,Ut'KO.M. pi3uux noiJiu y pi3rtux 'KHueax nouaiJ 5 pasio ( Hanpu'K.ItaiJ: xu. II, c. 52; 'KU. VIII, c. 27; 'KH. IX, c. 35, 2I, 45, 50 ma iu.); nopmpem.flua 0Ao6paxma (xH. I, c. 114) CJLYZJE 3a nojJmjJernu u iHwux oci6, Rx-om CKupzailAa ( 'K'H.. II, c. 3 3 ); 306paJfCeU'HJI, Mcw'Ka I (xu. I, c. 25) CAJZ)'E oiJno'ltac'H.o 3a nopmfJem i bo.JLeCAaoa Kfm fJoywwzo, i MzeuiJafJuozo npyccoKozo 'K'H.Jl3R BeiJ()eeyma (xu. IV. c. I 0). Ta'KU.k£'llU1lO!tt, CaM roauoi"ui fJ03JMi6 )'MOBHicrnb 6i.Aou.wi" 1tacmuuu CfJOix ilt10cmpay,iil ( nfJo iJocmoBijJHicm'b ilozo nopmpemie .MOJICUa zoeopurnu, n01tuHa1<JitU xi6a UjO BiiJ &aiJuc.Aa8aJ!zaU!La) i uaooi>ue i"xJtU'Ule 3aOM npuKparu coosi" 'KHUZU. Y 38 '.R:ncy 3 1f,UM

J UaUUJ!tty 8UOa'H.1t.i XjJOJti'KU F eau!Jiui MU 1UUJ()0UAW iawcmpa1f,i1o opuziHatty 1611 p. miltb1Cu oiJuH pas, npu neptuoMy ti BU'KopucmaHHi eauoi'u~ a y noOatt'bUiUX BUnaOxax BWcti.JUl£MO 1tuma1ta cne?JilL.It'bHOW npUMim'Ko'IO oo eiiJnoBiOHOZ cmopiuxu y nepUtux mpoox Knuzax xpml.i'KU. fl epe'K./I,aO xpoui'KU nM'bCb'K010 M08010, 8UOaHUU y 1611 p., 6 cnpaBO'IO PJK eioo.Mozo mozo'ltacu,ozo nOA'bCo'Kozo noema Mapy,iua flaw'KOBC'b'Koeo, meop1J,R «Posilku Bellon)' Sauromackiej)) (Kpaxie, 1608). reauoiui, eu6upm01tu nepeK.11.a0a'lta iJM ceozo meopy, xepyeaeCJL He milto'Ku CJtaeow ocmauuoozo R'IC noema i 3Ha61JR Aamuuu. flaUJ'KOBC'b'KUU 6ye na.Jl.'KUM npUXU./I,'b1iU1WM 3anopo3o'Kozo K03a?JmBa i ocnieyeae iioeo iJiR1£1ut y 6opomwi npomu OC.Maucoxo'i i.M:nepi'i ma ii" oacaJLiB - Kfru.Mcoxozo xaHcmBa i uozaucoxux opa. B3aeatt~ euiJaHHR 1611 p • .Mae nejJeKAacmu Aamuuow y Kpa?Cooi T:>ICezox f..Japao:nr xuU, aM ocmmmiu ue omjJUMae o6y.MOB.Jle1-WZO zOrtopapy, uaeimo noiJae sa 'lj,e ua Feauoi"ui oo CJOy, MafYym'b, 'ltejJe3 ¥e U He nepeiJae meKcm 00 opyKy. BipoeiOHO, 3 ~'bOZO npueoiJy BUUU'K 'KO'HfPAi'Km y Teauo'iui 3 xpa'KiBC'b'KU.M munoepaifjOM M U'KD.fi,(J£.M JIo6o.M., i AamuHcoKuii eapiaum euoaHUR 1611 P- ma'K i 'H.e no6a1tUB ceim. He enoeH.i 3 'RcoeaHo numa'H.HR npo aemopcmeo iJonoeueHo y BUOauui 1611 p. ,f!e.R,xi oocAiO'H.U?Cu eeaxawmo, "lJtO i'x aemopoM e nepmuwiJa1t xpouiKu nOJl:bC'b'K010 Moeow .!vfajr 1f,i1i flaUJ'KOBC'b'KUU, tnU!tt 6iAout.e UjO O'KjJeJtti npucBR?nu-na'H.ezipwcu ( ao mpembOi" ma n Rmoi-K'H.uz) 6y.Au nionucaH.i i'Hi?JiMrutu M. P., mo6mo 1\1arcin Paszkowski. AAe 6illowicmb iJomf.JU./I!)'E11loCR OJM'KU, UjO xpoH-ixy iJonoeH.1Doae ca.Me TBa'H.oi.ni. OCKi.A.o'KU .R'KUXOCb niiJeomo(lltUX .ftWrnejJiMiO 'liU 8aJfC.AUBUX 8'Ka3i60'K 3 y,oozo npuBOOy B iJxepeJWX iJoci He BURBM'UO, numamt.R 1taopRiJ 1tU eiJacmoCR eupiuwmu. Ha 1ta1u 1WZJUlO, MOJIC'H.a npunycmumu, 1~0 flaUlKOOCb'KUit 6ye G811WPOM BljJ1Ui8 )' xpo11i ~&i, 6o 'i x cmwto 'H.aiJmo B.JICe noiJi6uuii oo uozo ei()oMux icmojJU1tH-UX noe:Jiii . .Jl'K yxe sza-

B C T

cJ)'<I(UlOCR, flmuKOBCO'KUU - oidOMU1l1l(l 11l01l 'lac norm i ny6Ait,!.ucm, J,tlZ 6)•mu aamopoM OfR1CUX eipwo6Q'HUX ifjpazMe'HmiB y BUOflllUi xpouiKu 1611 p., a.ne i o uzaKOJ,f)' ounadK)' oiU, OiRB 3a 3200010 Toau'bi"'H~ R'KUU He ,\-tiz 'He KO'Hmparuoaamu po6omy nepeKJi,aOa1 ta. He MOJIC'Ha ue 3a3na'llumu, UJO u caM flaw.KOBC'b1CUU ue 6yo ynoo'H.i opuzina.Jl'buwt. Biputi nio 1wpmpemaMu y noA'bC'bKiu KWl3i xponi1eu Tamc'bi.'H.i- ~e nepeoa:JICno nepe'KJWO a6o oiA'b'HUU nepecnio AamunoMoouux oipmio 3 moopy .fl. TA)'XOBC'bKozo, oiifttyoaem'bCJt maKo:JIC i orutuo iHwux 1WA'bC'b1WMoonux oipmio ocnwuubOzo, iu1eoJLu 6a'llWW RB'He 3ano3U'~le'H'HR Kifl:b?COX jJROKiB i3 uux. Hanpu'KAao, 1~i.Jl,xooumo 36izmom'bCR maxi pRoxu 3 oipma npo BJLaoucJLaoa Bap1if!1ittUK a: Dostalem =as Krolewstwu tych ziem Wfigierskiemu Kroackiej i Slowackiej zamkow wiele k temu ... Triwnphowalem szesc kroc z tirana srogiego. Gdym polar/ jako slom~ wszytki wojska jego.

Y iumoMy ounao1ey y oipmax, npucaR'ltenux eionooiono Ka3UMupy IV ma Cuzi3Myuoy Aezycmy, 6a'llUMO JLU'lUe 'He31iQ'Ii1ii 3Mi1iU 3an03U'~te1iUX pRO'K.iB moopy F AJXOBC'b?COZO. nopiB1iJ£U.MO: «Za co go slawa Polszcze pif~knie zalecila I U pierwsze jego sprawy z sobq ozdobila >> (FJLyxooC'b'Kuii) i «Za co go mfstwo Polszcze pifknie zalecilo I U sprawy jego wiecznej s/awie poswifcilo, (Feau'bi'ni- llam?COBC'bKUii); a6o «0 inszych sprawach jego kto si~ chce przypytac I W historyki wglqdajqc, lac no sif doczytac ,, (TAJXOBC'b?Cuii)- «0 inszych sprawachjego kto sif chce dopytac, I Wglqdajqc w historyki, /acno Sif doczytac >> ( Foau'bi'ui flam?COBC'b?CUU) ( 33). BuacJLiom' ?&'bOZO ouoau1iJ£ 1611 p. f 31ia'll1i0 noB'HimUM; iJocum'b CKa:Jamu, ~o eu1UZO.O nooiu mym 3aeeputJfm'bCR B:JICe 'lie 1587, a 1611 pOKoM, cwiJu 6yAu B1Ul:lo'tl.eui po3zopnymi onucu rpeyii', BAU3'b'Kozo Cxooy, Yzop-

UJUUU, lfexii: 111Bt"lJ.ii' rna iu. Tpn 311axofJUMo 3mWJU'tteue 3 <<Xpou,i1Cu floJL'bUJ,i" ( KjJaKia, 1597) Map'ljina ma HoaxuAta EcAoC'bKUX onooiom-L'HR ~<0 kozakach nizowych... '> (34) ma poJnooio'b njJo 'H.eaoaJLuu noxio myjJKiB i mmnap nio Acmpaxau'b 1569p.; maKOJIC njJO noxio JanofJo:JIC~io Cee~ooc'b?Cozo ua MoAoaei10 y 1574 p., 8U11l.RZU 31C'HUZU EajJmow.a flanjJO~'bKOZO «Gniaz.do enol» ( 15 78), eipwi Oeiom y ?UjJeK.Jl,aoi M. CmpuuKoacoxnzo ma iu. (35 ). .f!?CUJO zooopumu, nanjJUKJLao, npo MOCKOOC'bK)' ?Cuuzy xponixu, mo o uiu 3naxoiJUMo OOOamK08J p03noBiiJ'h npo noiJiz 15821611 pp., mo6mo npo ocmauui poxu nauyemt1iJ£ Ieaua IV, npo nauyeau1iJ£ C/>eoopa IoaunOBU'Iia, Eopuca roayuooa, JlJICeOUJ,tUmpm I, BacUM lllyiiC'bKOZO, nooii" '!iacie C.Mymu, npo 83R11lmR BiUC'b1CaMU Petti n ocnOAUmoi' C.MoAe'HC'bKa. B3aZMi, euoan'HR 1611 p. Oaf 3Moey uau1Cpa~e po3xpumu icmopu'liuy 1C01t~en~i10 Fean'bi1d. Y ~iii xponi~i. uanucaniu AezKo, oocmyn?iO, npexpacuUMAimepamypuw.t cm'Uileltt, Toan'bi'ui npazuya 031taiioMumu noA'bC'b'KOZO ma 3axi01WeoponeiiCb?Cozo 'liUma'lia 3 ycmpoeM ma zeozpaifji'li?iUM nOJLOJICe?i'HJl.M Petti nocnoAumoi~ ii' icmopie10, uacaMnepeo eiUc'bKOBonoAimu'li'H010 i 1J,ejJ'K081£010, Uf.O 6J'AO ~U'KOM J iJyci moz01tacuux )'RBJLeu'b. Biu uaMazaBCJt ma'KUM 'llU'IiO.M 36epezmu OAR na~aiJxie .MUuyJZe Petti IlocnoJLumoi: zepoi'1tui omuUR eu31ia'li1iUX npeocmaa?tu'KiB ii' nauie'Hot eJLimu, 'Kompi Bi031ta'llUJLUCJt .R'K BUOamui BOffla'ltM'b'HU'KU ma ounAoMamu. Ba:HCJLUBUM cmwtyAo.M oo uanucau'liR meopy 6yAo nattymnm MU60?Coi. BOR'lt?iOcmi ma A106oei ao C60fl1£060i' 6am'b'KiB~U1iU - Petti flocnaAumoi', UjO Teau'bi''Hi ueoiJuopa:JOBO ni01Cpec.JL10f. Xatta ein 6yo imMiii?&e.M i npo:JICUB y lmMii' nepmi 25 po1eie ceozo :JICUm111.Jl, oihtmc 1f,ill,1Co.M cnaAoui:Jyeaoot i numaeot CBOE'IO 1«)8010 6am'b1de~uuow, crnauueCJt iJo nei. 3 nooa2010 i uaeim'b nifmemo.M. 3a iiozo o.tr.acuUM BU3Ua'lte'H'H..R.M, Haeim'b R'K6u oiu ua QOuBCJt

cepeo

iJ\t~ y •t ~~ f, ~e.p~ ~~ZCJr ~pu-

Y1 ~

B C T y fl

C8RmU8 lttaitJice Ue31t.a1tiU moi)i 3e.MAi Ha cxoi)i €8ponu, nw u y maKo.MJ BUnaihcy Bi'H ~(Ja UUM 1tiKOAU 6 He WKOOyBaB». Bpa:HCeuuii CJlaBUUM .MUHJ.Il.UM i cyttaC'ItU..M. mooiu.tuwi' Petti flocnoJlU71lO~ FBau'bini npopO'KyBae ee.ttuxe ~ttaii6ym nlJl CAoe'R:na~tt, a oco6Aueo nOJl.R'KaM («KOJtu :HC OUBAWC'b 1ta n(Jllarno'K, 81tUUKU i po3Atuo:HCe1t'HJl, UULJ~,Xemuoi· C./l.Oe '.R.ucoxoi' xpoei, mo 6a1ty, R/K y,1wnuz i 71&acmJl, 3.tl-)11tUJlUC'b JaOM ii' 8U8Ut«eU'HJl. ma'K, UJ,06 nOAA'KU MOZ./l.U Ue miA.'b'KU 3pie'HJtmUCR 3 OaBuiMu i 8e.MCJta8'1tUMU OejJ:»ea8aMU, aM U eunepeoumu tx»,) ,4.Jul npU!ttHO:>ICfflM ?&iEi' Clta6U Fea'lt'biui 83R8CJL 3a nepo. &arne, i oo FBmt'bi1d irnye(J,)l.u y3aZ(J,)l.'b1t'J01()tti npay,i 3 icmopii' n Oft'bUJ,i. 301Cpe~tta, UJ,e y xpo1tiUi Biuueumi.R KaoAy61ca rna Be.ttwconOA'bC'b'Kiii xpouiui (36), mBopax XIV em. 3MxoiJUMo n(JI.tamKu mpaouy,iuuozo 0./IJl, noO(J,)l.?r uwi' icmopiozpafftii' BU'K./l.aOy nooiii 3a npaBAiHMMU KopoAiB BiO Jlexa /. Hoeamopcmeo Fean'bi'ui rw.tl.RZac naca~tt nepea J mDMJ, 71&0 eiu noOae He mifL'b'KU RCKpa8)1, ooxiOAUBJ, iA.wcmpoeany po3noeiO'b npo MuuyAe Petti llocno.aumoi: a ii BU'K./l,aB ii'na mn,i ececeimH'boi· icmopi~ uaca~ttnepea icmopii' cyciouix uapooiB rna oep:HCae. 3eu'ltaiino, .RX peeuuii nampiom ceoet noBot 6am'b'KiBUJ,U1tU FBaU'btui npuoi.aue i'ii oco6.auey yeazy. He8u1Ulmcoeo .lle808a 'tW.Cm'Ka o6cRzy xpouixu npunaoae 1W icmojnl'Ko-2eozpaifji'lt'ltUU onuc 8./l.aC'Jie floJL'bUJ,i (KH. I), Jlumeu (Ku. II), Pyci-YKpaiuu, 'ltacmKoeo u Ei.aopyci (K'H. 111), ma'KO:»e 'Ita 'li08onpucO'Ita'lii 8 moil 'tiaC ao Petti nocno./l.Umoi' Kpai'uu, mo6mo npycciw ('K'Ii. IV) rna l'H¢./IJl,'liiJiw ('K'Ii. V) . .AJze aocurn'b Oem(J,)l.'b'JiO noOaB(J,)l.aCJL maKo:HC icmopiR Kpai1-l rna 'Hapooie, 3 KornpUMu Pi'lt flocnoAurna BeJLa mooi 3(1,neK./I,i Biuuu (MoCKoecoKa 0£-jJJKaea, << TamajJC'b'Ka 3eM.f/..!l», 0CMaUC'b1ca iMnepiR ma nianojJllOKoeani ocrnmtuiu a6o oacru'bui 'KjJai·Hu, Jl'K-om: !V10JLOa8iR, rpe!j,iR, 'tlacrwwoo Yzoptf&Uua), 3eepmaAacll yoaza ua zeozpaifjiw y,ux xpai"u, ua oco6JLueocrni eeaeu'H.R fJiuuu onucyBau.UMu uapoorutu, moMy 1<uuza J.t(J,)l.a 3'Jia1tuy njJa'KmU'Wil)' ~iuuicm'b. 1I,e JfC cmoc;•cmoCJL

3a~ixae.ll£'Uocmi icmofJicw 'lii..M.elj,oxozo coimy,

Haca.MnepeiJ ((CBRU&e'lt'lioi PUMC1lKO"i i.M.nepii» Ta6c6ypzi8, R'Ka 6yAa cyciiJ'Kmo PtNi flocnOJtumoi' u icmom1W 8n.JLUO(J,)l.a ua noAimwcy ocmauu'bo~ 6y1w norneuy,iiinUM ii' c0103UU1WM y 6opom'b6i npomu Oc~ttmte'bKoi i~ttnepii. OC'Ki.ao'KU lJexiR 6yAa mooi nio e.ttaiJmo (<C8RU&e1W.oi' PUMC'b'KOt iMnepii'», He eapmo OuoyB(J; muCR, UjO xpouicm eMicmue ii" onuc nofrJt1.3 onucoM HiMty,'b'KUX Kpain. Ilpuoi.JuulaCR yoaza u OKOAU'I&JlM €8ponu, oco6Aueo CKauiJu'ltaecoKUM xpai'uaM, IcAaHoii' rna rpt!'H.Il.auiJii: a ma'KOJIC EAU3'b'KOMY CxoiJy, uacaMnepea Cellmiu 3eMJLi. Iumepec oo ill8ey,ii"M21CO nOJLc'liwcm'bCR mUM, t«O FBauoi: ui 6y8ae maM oco6ucmo. ,l(o mozo :»e y,e 6yAa 6am'b'KiBU&U1ta Cuzi3Myuaa 111, mooiw.n'bOZO KopoM Petti nocno.aurnoi: 'KOrnpuii npaz'liye nooepuymu co6i w.8eOC'b'Kuu npecmOA, - omJICe, aKmy(J,)l.'bUicm'b maxozo 38ep'H£1l1tll 6yAa O'tieeuoumo. 3ay,i'Ka8Ae'lt1t.Jl icmopicw Cellmoi 3eMJLi noRcnwcm'bCJL peAiziuuUMu no2.1LROa.J.tu i CaMOZO T BaU'bi"ui, U OC1t08UOi.MaCU 'ltUrna'lti8, ua Kompux opicurny8aBCJL aemop. KpiM. mozo, Feau'bi"ui npaZHJB 3aiJ080./l.'b'liUrnU iumepec 1turna1ti8 oo MaJL03uauux, a mo u Mau:NCe 308ciM ue3uauux eK3omu'ltuux xpai·u. BiiJoaAeniuti ua 3axiiJ c8jJOneUCO'Ki 3eMJLi rna OejJJICa8U (A HZJZiJZ, C/Jpauy,iR, Icna'liiR, uaeim'b piiJua JmaAi.R), MUH)'fle U t:y'{aC'Iie Jl'KUX 6yJLU Oo6pe 8iOoMi nepeci"t1WMY zpoMaOJlUU'HJ P(?l{i llocno.aumoi', Maii.JICe He ?J:i'Ka8UJLU F8a1i'bi'ni. Tauu.M 'ltUHOM, eu6ip cw:JfCerniB onoeioi 6y8 ?J:iiLKo.J.t eunpaeoauuu i npaBUJLoHuii, ujo u 3a6eJnettUAo 6azamo B1£0M)' ii"1W11)'JLJlpHiCm'b. Feauoi'ui He 3a6yea8, oiJHa'K, 031taiioMumu 'ltUTila'l!iB Pell.i nocnoAurnoi" 3 icrnopicw ma uozpaifiicw ii' 6e3nocepeoHix 3axiiJnux rna nifJui. .mux c;•cioie. Cwce 6)•JLa npuceJt1 te1W 'luocma 'K1tuza xpoHi'Ku. ,l(o Hei)8iuuw8 icmojJuKo-zeozpaifJilluuu onuc <<C8my,eHN.oi· Pu.MC'b· Koi' i.MnPjJii'», mo6mo A8cmpiii.coKoi· i.Mnepii' rna 1iMte1t'b'KUX iJep:HCaB 81Ul'J01£1l0 3 £fexic10, a maKOJIC Weeiry,apii' ma FoJl.;tanoii:· mmwJK 6)1Jl0 noiJa110 onuc C'KaHOUHaBC'b'KUX Kpa"iH

y n

B C T (Wor~ii: Hopaezii:

<Piu.. t.RHOii: a mmwJK:J(aHii: I CJIO}{()ii" ma rpeww~tiJir). l.Jacmn.ooo lf-l HaMipu xpouicma po3K/JUBOJ0117/bCR e IX ma X n.maax. Bwuwoawttu icmojJiro oOHozo 3 BopoziB Petti JlocnOJtumoi·- Oo.ta'Jicoxoi" iM.nej;ii: eiH 3'HQ1Hf)' yaazy npuoi.JtuB il' peaJto'JiUM 'llU nomeH'ljiUU'lU•f. C01031£U'K(llv£ - FjJeljiZ i OC06AU80 YzojJUjU'Hi, 1\ompa mooi 6yAa jJ030i.J!R1la .MiJK: ABcmjJicw u Typett'llU1W10. Ta1< caMo TeaH.ohti po32.JLROaa iJo neBnoi"~otipu u apa6iB, oco6AuBo apa6iB-xpucmURn ma czunemcoxux MCLM.Il10'KlB. Bapmo no.Rc'Humu noxoOJICemm CB06pioHoi· 'liaJBU xpoHixu. JliiJ ccCajJMamic10>> TBa'Ji'bi"H.i, Jl'K i UOZO nOA'bC'bKi nonepeOUU'KU (i\1. MexOBCb'KUU, M. EM:bC'b'KUU ma iu. ), po3JMiB 3e.MJLi Petti nocnOAUrJWi' ( <<6BjJ01leUCb'KOi" CapMamii·,) ua eiOMiuy Bio «aJiamc'bxoi· Cap.Mamii"», mo6mo uace.M~tux 'K(JtiiBUU'KaMU cmenoBux npocmopiB €Bpa3ii" i3 Cu6ipoM 6'KAJO'Il'Jio. Ca.Jo-te 3 nO.Rc'He'Ji'b rnepMiHa «CapMamiR>>, <<cBponeilc'b'Ka>> ma ccaJiamcoxa>> CajJMami~ O'KjJeCJLeuAA ixuix KopoouiB, npupoouux yMae <<caponeilcoxoi" CapMamii.>>, noxoOJICeuAA capMamiB, CAOB }m ma OeRxux iuwux uapoiJiB TBaU'bZHi 1l()'I{UUa6 nepwy 'llacmuuy nepwoi· 'K'Jiuzu CBOci' xponixu. Ti.ttoxu nomi.M eiu noiJa6 icmopiw JlOA'bUJ), po30WJO'IlU ii' ua neBni nepioiJu: 3a npaaAiU'Jl.RMU 1lOA'bC'b'KUX 'KUJl3iB ma xopoJLia, uta 6yJLo 7J,U'KOM y iJyci cepeiJu'boai'lluoi' icmopiozpa¢ii. He o6iuwoB Biu yaazow i BeJLuxe xUJl3iacmao JlumoBCb'Ke - C'KJLaaoay Petti JlocnoJLumoi: ua mepumopitR'KOZO Biu npoBiB 'llU ue mpemuuy cBozo JICUmmR. TBau'bi"u~ oauu 3 uaUauaamuiwux maop?J,iB i nonyAApu3amopia max 3eauozo capMamcoxozo Mi¢y, neeunaiJxoBo BiiJxpueaE cBiu meip iJ01UlaiJuow po3noBiiJow npo cap.MamiB i Cap.Mamiw, ix noxoiJJICeuUR u xopiJouu. Il(e y 996 p. ¢pau?J,J3'b'KUU xpouicm li>JLwoo ua3Bae CAOB Jl,u capMamaMu, aJLe nepwuMu cpopMJBalLU 1J,eU MifP R'K 6itt'bUir MeUW ?J,iaicny meopiw nOA'bC'b?Ci xpouicmu.flu ,l(Ayzow, i Ma?JCU MexoBcoxuu ( ocmauuiu nepWUM p03iJi.aue CapMamiw w eeponeiicbxy ma

aJiamCo'Ky) ma ixni 1lOCJllVOOUU'KU, fl nejJUty 'lf.epZ)' MajJlf.iu KjJO.AtejJ, ni3uime- Taan'bi'ui. Teopemu?<u •<capMamU3M)'" OfiaJICa.tLU cajJ.AtamiB njJeO'KaMU CJlOO 'Jl~t i nepeuOCUAU 1la38J «CapMamifl» 1W floA'bC'b'KJ iJepJICaay, a 3ZOdOM i Pi'll JlocnoJLUrn),· 3 n(Jtiamxy XVII em. cap.t.tamcoxuii .Atiifi CA)IJICUB OJlil o6rpyumyoami.R mepurnopiaA'brtux njJemelt3iu ua cxia eio xopoouio Petti JlocnOJLU11Wi'. 3zaiJyBauuu 6U1Jte A1. JlawxaaC'bxuu cmoejJOJIC)IOao, 30'KjJe.Ma, uto nOJlJl'KU·CajJMamu 6 cnadxOf.M/lf,RMU 3e.AieJL'b UM 0Kmo, BoJLzow ij(mwM, aMoC'Koeumu- miJL1:r 'KU nacu'H?<U cap.Mamie, R'Ki maxozo npaoa ue Ma10m'b. Biu, maxoJfC IlaBAO nG.IL'b'llOBCb'KUU ma OeR'Ki iHwi nOA'bCb'Ki ny6Aiy,ucmu nocu.n,aAUC'b 1w rnaKozo poay apzyMeum, o6rpyumoBy10'1lu niiJmpUMxy iJUMimpaou i noxoiJy ua CMoAeucox Cuzi3Myuoa III (37). «CapMamc'bxuu .Mi¢>> BiiJizpaB nomyJICuy ioeoJLozi'lluy pOA'b y po3eumxy uay,ia'Wl./1,'buoi' caMoceiiJoMocmi, nocU/teuui nampiomU3MJ CAOB 'Rucoxux uapooiB. X()'tla CAOB 'Ruu, e m. 1l. u pycuuuyxpai'u7J,i, Tea?toi'ui ma uozo oiJuoiJyM'lJ,Jl.MU i max BBaJICaAUCJl iJyJICe opeBuiM i CJlaBH,UM uapoOOM, 6o noxoiJU!tu BiO .fi¢ema, cuua H oR, uta nioxpinJl?OBa.tLOCR aBmopumemo.M Ei6Aii: oauax y Buxopucrnauux UUMU OJICepeAax M'JtO 6paxyBaAO iJauux npo axmuBny PM'b CADa'Jm B icmopii. y pauu'boy,uBi.Jti3a'lJ,iuui 1lacu. «Cap.MamC'b'KUU Mifft>> iJaBaB MO:JICAUBicm'b AixBiiJyeamu wo npozaauuy u aemOMamu'ttuo po6uB CAOB Jl.u ue npocmo C')'t'llacuu'Ktl.MU i cynpomuBuuxaMu /(aeu'b()jluMCbKoi. iMnepi~ a ii' nepe.MoJICy,R.M.U (iJocum'b B'K.ruamu ua eni:JoiJ 3 OiJoaxpoM - 3aeoiioeuuxOM /(aeu'bopw.tc'bxoi' iMnepii: Jl'KUU OZOJLOUlJBaBCR CJlOBRUUUOM). /(A.R noA.Rxie maxe mpaxmyeauUR icmopii' MG.JLO neeuow Miporo i aumu'Hi.Aun&'b'Ke cnJ»utyeau'HJl, OCKU'b'KU ¢opMOJt'buow cnaiJ?Co6MU'lJe10 J(aeuoopu.Mcoxoi· i.Mnepiz 6yAa <<CBRUjeuua PUMCb'Ka iMnepiR» ra6c6ypziB, 3 Jl,'IC010 y Petti JlocnOAumoi' 6yBaau C'KJLaoui eiouocuuu. .flxpa3 y 1587 p., B'IUZCU Feau'bi'ui, niiJ Bu1tu'H.ow 3iUUJ./l,UCR oiuC'bxa wBeocoxozo xopOILJI, Cuzi:tMyui)a i epy,zepyoza MaxCUMiltiaoo Fafic6ypza,

Kompi npemeni)ysMU 'Ha 1wpm~y Peati nocnoAumoi: i CueiJ.Myna nepe.Mie. Hesunaihweo 1ti iaei' rsaH'bi.Hi i3 camucifiax'l&iew 6yJLu cnpu:ii:uRmi yxpai'HC'b'KUM.u JtimonuC't&JlMU, a </Jeoaociii Co¢mwsu'tl o2o.1tocus Oooaxpa He mta'b'KU C./LOB Jl?tC'b'KU.M, a BJ/Ce (<f>JC'b'ICUM KH.R3eM».

XapaKmejJ?to'IO puco10 C)'Cni..tt'b?to-noJLimu'tlnux ma icnwpu,mux no2.1l.Rois Foau'btHi 6)•Jta uozo pesnicm'b y ?CamoJLU'l&'bKiu oipi i 800H01taC MU6oxa 11eHa8UC1n'b 00 M]C)1Jtbltta11· cmoa, UJO nORcnwem'bCR mie?O 3aej}o3ow, UjO Fi ?tec.JLa xpucmUR?tC'bKiu €8poni Oc.MaHC'b'lca il.tnepiR ma ii' eaca.Au, 8 nepwy 'IU!jlzy KfruMcbKe xancmeo ii ?tozaiiC'b'Ki opou. To.My FeaH'bi: Hi He tu1wi)ye pi3xux CJLiB, XOJLU nuwe npo azpeciw .MJCJ.IL'b.Mauc'b1Wi' Typett'ltUHu, Kompa npuHeCJLa cmilt'b'KU zopR uapooa.M Ea.n,1wu i EJLU3bKozo Cxoi)y. Bin npuoi.AJU 31W"l'H)' J8azy )"'tacmi llOJL'bCbKD-JlUm08C'bKOi' iJejJJICaBU J 8iUHaX npomu OC.MaUCbKoi' iMnepii' ma 'K01t08UX opa, o6oJLioae 3a iJoJLw xpucmURUCb'IWzo c8imy. ToMy 8iu ma?C 8UCOKO 'l&iuye icmopu'liHi 3aC!lyzu 3anopo3'bxozo 'K03ay,mea, R'Ke cm(Lflo Ujumo.M ua UUUI,XJ Hanacnuxie, 3eaoyc npo 1t'b020 6JK8Q.Il'bUO J 'KOJICHiU 1CHU3i C8020 m8opy. A Ha.Aozi'liHO 8iu cma8Um'bCR oo yzop?&io, ~o rnex CmoRJl,U ua nepeonWM)' Kpai' 6opom'b6u npomu ocMa1~C'bKOt azpecii', i caMe 7!.U.M cwJICema.M oioeoiJum'b mpemuHy ocid yzojJCbKoi· 'ltacmUHU c8oeo meojl)•. )Jo mozo JfC oiu nocmiu1w niOKpeCJLwc Ou11acmu1tuuu 38 Jl,. 30'K, R'KUU icuyeao Mi:JIC U020 iJpyzo10 6am'bKi8~U?t010 llo.ll'b~e7o ma Yzop~u11010.

Y ep~'bKiu KHU3i xpouiKu T8a?t'bi'ui 3zaiJye npo mypey,'bKe npopoy,m8o, 3a RKUM Oc.Ma?tC'bKa iMnepiR po3BG./lUm'bCR niiJ ')'Oapa.Mu 3 Dio1t01t i. L(w icmoj;iw xpouicm po3ouoac y myjJ~'b'KiU 'KHU3i, npu'liO.MJ BeJlUKJ jJOJt'b J jJ03· epoMi Oc.Ma?tC'bKoi' i.Mnepiz oiiJooiJumo 3anopo3o'KUM K03aKa.M. npo ocmamtix eiu nuu.te oxo'lte, 6azamo i 3 oeJLUK010 cu.Mnamie10 ue mifl'b'KU 8 JKpai'UCbKiu, a U MOJlOaBCbKiu, mamapcoxiu, 11aoimo mype1J,'bKiu xuuzax coozo moopy, 31taxoiJum'b nap(Lfle.~ti 3 K03aKaMu y

.MaM.ILWKiB ma iJjJJ3i8. Haeim'b y zpey'b'ldil 'K1tU3i BiH 3ZaOyE npa 1W3a1Ci6, 1WRC1t'IOE nOX{}iJJJce1tUR CJLooa «'K03a?C» i npR.Mo zo8opum?J njJo i'xmo p0JL1, y noCJLa6Jte7mi myf>t1fr1liCOi" MOeynmocmi: •cl(i nami niouiriui A?OiJu nepeeuUjJWm'b CBOE10 AtJJICUicm10 cxiOHUX i ni80e7t· uux JL100eii, i ueoap.Ma m)tJox 02./LJlOacm'bCR 1ta ?tUX ni8ui'tlnux. ,4o mozo JIC y (m)'Pe'IJ,bKOMJ) npopo71.moi zooopum'bCR, ~o mypxu .MaHnn'b JazuHymu eiiJ uux». lfepC3 cn~UgJiKy moz01taCHUX Mi:JIC'KOH· ifieciUnux 8iiJuocuu Toaubi'Hi ne8UJ' )'8azy npuoi.Jtu8 maxox npomucmoRnnw xamo.llU'l&'b'KOZO i npomecmaumc'bKozo c8imi8. .HK peouuu xamoJLuK, 8in eiiJno8iOHo mpaKmyea8 icmopiw, Kpumuxyeae npomecmaumio, 3 'H£1-ULoucm10 nucao npo Mapmiua Jlwmepa ma uoeo oiJHOOy.M'l&iB "lU npeiJmett (Jlna Fyca, Jlua)/(u:J~CKy, oco6Jtueo :>IC epemuxaApiR, JacyiJJICeuozo 1J&e na lleptuo.My BceAe?tC'bKOMJ Co6opi y IV em.). XapaxmepuUMu y 1&'bO.MJ n.;za1d e iJea eni3oiJu: onuc CMejJmi M. Jlwmepa ma onuc e6uecmea weeOC'bKUMU npomecmaHma.Mu c3yi'mCbKozo npono8iiJuuxa Mapmuua JlRmepuu. L(ixaoo, ~0 Toau'bi'rti nu111£ icmopi10 RK noA'bCbKUU nampiom, i npo uozo ima.Aiuc'b?Ce noxoiJxmM J,tOJIC?ta 3oozai)yeamuCR xi6a ~o 3 mcpe.Mux C10JICemi8, Rx-om 38icmxu npo eionocunufiaeuwzo PUMy 3 eepMauc'b'KU.M coimoM ( KH. VI), 3 nioKpeCJLeHoi' ')'Bazu iJo 11i6umo .llamuncoKozo noxoiJJICeHM iJuuacmii' Be.tlU'KUX 1C'HJI.3i8 JLUmOBCb'KUX, nO'IiU· na10'1iu oiiJ lla.Ae.MoHa (Kn. II). PMieiimi no2./UlOU He Ja8aiJUAu Toauoi.Hi 3axonAwoamuCJL moopfl..Mu ruu1muy'bKUX aomopi8 i npuoi..n.Rmu BeJLUKY )'Bazy Jl3U1l1iU'l&'b1COMJ 11a1·mleOHJ a?WlU'ItUUX epeKiB ma puJ.Ul.RU, mup01<0 BU· 'KOjJUC11WB)'Bamu .MigiOJLOZl1 l11i o6pa3u, 'litO 6yAo xajJaKmejmu-u o.ll.R iJo6u BiopoiJ:HceH1t.R. FoaH.'bi'Hi i.M11.0'H)'8(l8 ')'Crnpiii Pl!tli nocnoJLumoi'- CBOFfJiOHOf W.ll.flXe1llCb1Wi' peC11)'6JLi'KU. HeounaiJKoBo oeB 'Rma KHuza oiiJKjnloatm'bCJL AGmWtOJ,t0811U.ftL BC1n)'1WJ.t <<Ceumeu71.ii' pi3?tUX aomopio npo ceo6oiJy zpexi8n, utO 6a:ryem'bCR 'Ita ypuo1eax 3 moopie L{u y,epo11a rna

C T

Ce1ll'1{1l. raaHI>i"ui 6yn 71jJUXUJ1'bUU1<0J\I Of..AtOKpnmU.'W)' zpftJbKUX pecn')'6AiK, cnio.1oytuwzo {)f..AfOI{jHWIUlf.1fO.'If)' )'Cmpmo ima.t~i1.tCl>1WX jJf'C· 1lJ6.1iK mn nf6HOIO MijJOIO Prtti nowoAumoi~ lfu ue OA.R Koumpacmy 3i cooi~Hu cu.AtnamiJL,\tU uaujJ0.11l02izuuu ecmyn y yht1<1iU3i xpoui'I{U ain oiiJnooumb po3nooioi njJo CnajJ1ny ma ii. f1<30rtW1lll11U yrrnpiu, 3anpooaiJJKenuu Jlii{JpzoJot. Y iJpyziu 10lU3l 1iOXOO:JfCeH1t.RAUrnOB'/&l8 xpouicm euoooum'b, RX i pRo uozo nonepeouuxie, eioAezeuoapuozo lla.JLe.A-WJW, 1J&O .AWJW 6niOHecrnu aemopumem Jlurneu Aunwe.. . ... . Cb'ICOZ na'HZB1i0Z f.Jll11lU, J£U11WBC01W20 BeAU'KD'K'H.R3lBC'b'K020 npecmOJ£)', Oe11la.Jl'bH.O nepenoeiOaE zenea.JLoziw oe.rtuxux K'H.R3ie Jtunwecoxux eio aJUlli01ia 00 Birne'HR,, a Oa.Jli 8U1(.1£a0aE icmopiw TeouJ-w,iua il TeouMiuoeu'llie. Bin eiiJ31ta'llU8 oco6JLUBOC11li 110XOOJ/Ce1i'HR, .ILU11l08'l&i8, C11jJ06yeaB npocme:JfCU11lU OaB1ii emanu ixu.'bOi" icmopii~ uaca.Mnepea npoyec cmauoeJteJ-w.R JlumOBC'bKOi" OejJJIW6U, cmpiMK020 noCU./Le1i1i.R u nepemeope1i1iR y XIV em. 'H.a zizamncoxe 3a po3.A·t iprutu Be.rtu'Ke X'H.R3iecmeo Jlumoeco'Ke; uozo 6ojJOmo6y npomu Teemo1iCb1W20 opoeuy, lloA'bCbxoi" iJepJICaeu 1w Jaxooi, A1oCK06Cb'KOi. aepxaou 1W cxooi ma opouHv.ie 1w niooui. CUMnamii: Tem-~.oi.ni oiJH031ia'll1iO ua 6ov.i Jlumeu, 3a euu.Rm'KO.M, mux MOM£1imie, 'KOAU UOem'bC.R npo nOJ£oC'b'KD-J£UmOBC'b'Ki 'KO?i[fiAiKmu. Y opyziu nO.Il06UUi AU11lOBCb'KOi. 'KUUZU xponiKu noaauo zeozpa¢i'lluuu onuc BKJI, nepeeaxuo emui'tl'HUX Aumoecoxux ma 6i.lwpycoKux .Je.Me.rt'b, 6o onuc yxpazncoKux 3e.Me.rt'b noOaBaBC.R )' mpemiu (pyc'b'Kiu) 'K1iU3i. 3aoepw.yem'bC.R Aumoocoxa KHuza ny6Aixa?&iB10 mexcmy « :JICoenipcouux apmuKyAio", yxea.JLeHux Ha ea.JL'b'HOMY cm'i.Mi Petti llocnoAumoz i noiJauux eiilco?Cy JLumoecoxozo zem'bMaua rpuzopi.R, Xo01CC8U'Ita. JIozi1f.HUM npoooexemi!l..M v.iei' C10JICemnoi Ainii" E'tlemBepma ( npycc'b?Ca) Kuuza xpouiuu. 4a.JLi uiJe zeozparfti'tluuu onuc llpycci..i" i cyciiJnix 3e.M.e.IL'b ( floMop il, 'tlacmxoeo Ma3o·

eiJL), C11WCAU1i uapuc irmopil" cmajmx npyccili. Tym I8anoi.lli 1J,UlKOM CJI)'W1W rlh~l.Jno 1-ta cnojJiiJuenicmb njJyccio 3 JLU11WB'If!U>W (M06fl, .R3U1f.1iU~1iKUU 'K)'.Il'b1lt, 36Ut((J,i" 11WUJ,O). nomiM eiu nejJenoeie JLezeuoapuuu uejJioo icmopiinjJyccii", n01i.U'UQ1()1tu BiO 'K'H.R3iB FfjJ)'Ca (FfjJy11leU)lCa) i BeiiiJeB)'rna, 12 cuHio ocmamt'bOzo, i ?J,fU onuc 'lf.umatm'bC.R3 He .A-te?WiU..At 3axonMU?l.R..Af,, H-iJIC Q'Ha.JlOZi'tl1il C10JICemu r eaU'bZUi npo Jlexa i lfexa, npo Bauoy ma llone.ILJl, nepw.ux 'lleCbKux ?C1i.Jl,Jie, njJo poomta'ltaA'buu'Ka Be.rtU'KUX 'K'H.R3iB AU11lOBCoKUX fla.JU!.MO'Ha ma inw,i, munoei oAR cejJeOu'boBi'll'tlR zmea.JLozi'lmi JLeze11iJu. flomiM. xjJonicm au1C.Ilao icmopiw eunux?tew-m T eomoucoxozo opoeuy, po3noeie npo uozo noRey e cxioniu llpu6a.JLmuv.i, niiJHecenWl ma 3aHenao. ,l(muuuhw onuc)'1orn'bCJl maxo:JIC eiuHu Mix OfJOeHO.M ma iiozo cycioaMu (njJ)'CCU, AU11l06'/ti, nOAR'KU). flpu '/t'bO.At)' 6U1(.1£a0 nooiu Teanoi"ui noaae y xponO.IlOZi'll'Hiii noCAiooeuocmi; 3a OoMiHy1(Jtt010 mpaau11i610 ifieoOa.Jlo'liUX 'ltacie v.eil euxAaO Bi'li po30illue eiOnoei01iO 00 na1iyBa1iUR KO:JfC'HOZO 3 6eJ£U'KUX Mazicmj>ie. Hanpu'Ki·n'lJ,i np)'CCbKOi.Knuzu xpoHiKu remt'bi.ni iJemM'bHiwe onucae Aixeioav.iw TeemoncoKozo opoeny i uozo nepemeope1i'HR Ha eacaJLa Petti n ocnoAumoi· ('llaCmU1la 3eAfe.rt'b Cxi01iOi" npyccii")'BiU1WZQ 6e.Jnocepe01ioO iJo C1(.1£aoy Pe'lli llocnMumoi"m. 38. KopoAieco'Ka llfJycciR, a 'ltacmuua 36epe2.1ta nMirnu'lt'HJ aemouo.Mi10 - K~a llfrycci.R). HacaMKi1ie1J,o rea'H'bZU.i nooae ueeeJ£U'KUU po30iJL ((fliOC)'MKU 00 BCifi" llp)1CC'b1COi" 3e.MJ£i», ae ~e pa3 nooepmatm'bCJl 00 zeozpa¢i'lt1tUX c1oxemie, a maxox po3noeiiJa£ npo ce. Cmanic.ttaea KocmK)', Rxozo, 3a CJLOBa.MU xponicma, ewmweywm'b H. animo «e ca.Miu AMepuv.i, HooOM)' Coimi>>. OtiiJ 3a31ia'llumu, ~o y ?Jiu 'K1iU3i xpoHixu BiO'tl)18a6m'bCJL uaoMipua meuoen?J,iuuicmo reau'bi"1ti, xompuu 036J't(,YBae no2./UI,.a orftiyiiluux ?CiA flOJLoUJ,i 'I-ta icmopi10 npyccii". Cmapi np)'CCU nocma'IOm'b nio U020 nepoM .R.'K ouxi R3U'It1tUKU, mee11l01lC'b'ICi pu1Japi - mi.a'bxu R?C spao1tu?Cu

B C T nM'bCMcoeo ?CopoJt.R.

i uaeim1> 1CamoAU'lj'b1Wi'

eipu. Icmopii' Pyci-Y?Cpai'nu FBan'bi1ti npucB.Rnz.ue oKpeMy ( mpemw) Kuuey ceo6l. xpoui?Cu, i ooue tje exe ceiottum'b npo my 31ta'tt1l)' yeaey, R?CY npuowe imaJ£o-nOJL'bC'b?Cuu aBmop ?taw.iu 6am'b?ciBUJU1ti. OpuzinaA'buux ceiO'tteu'b mym ne6azamo, noaaetn'bC.R iu¢op.~ttayiR, 3a· no3U'tteua 3 xpoui?C /!Jtyzowa, Kpo~ttepa, J.Wtrym'b, i Cmpuu?CoeC'b?Cozo. Bmi.M, J.W:HC?ta 81(a3amu ua opuzinaJt'b'Hi onucu Jl'bBOBa ma 3anopo:JICJICR, xapa?Cmepucmu?Cy zocnoaapC'b'KUX 3aURm'b JKPatUC'b'KUX ma 6iftopJC'b'KUX CeJLJl,U, ua O'KpeMi oemaAi, .R'K·Om CBiiJ'ttenU.R npo eipMeltC'b1Cux 'K'jnyie, xompi, mopzy'l()l{u, i30U./l.U «OO Ka¢u, oo Kmu:maumu?tonoM, oo AAeKcaniJpi~ iJo ezunmy, oo Kaipa i ax ao luiJii» (c. 14). A.tze oiJuiEW ( mpemww) Kuuzow iumepec Fean'bi1ti iJo Pyci-Yxpaiuu ue o6Me:JIC)'6m'bCJt. Oxpe.Mi eiiJo.Mocmi npo uei Micm.R.m'bCR npaKmu'ttuo y ecix inwux, uacafttne· peo y noA'bC'bKiu, AumoBC'bKiii ma npycC'bxiii. ,l(ocum'b BKaJamu ua maxi cwxemu 3 OBOX ocma?tuix Kuuz, RK: HawecmR EamUR, npomu6opcmBo/!aHUJta FMU?t'bKozo iill'bea,l(a'H.UAOBU'I.{,a 3 Jtumo8C'b'KUM Kopo.JLeM MuHooozoM, 3a80108a'H.UR JlumBOW JKpainC'b'KUX 3eMe.tl'b, 6opom'b6a C8uopuzaii.ll.a ma npaBoCJt.a8Hux pyC'bxux KUR3iB npomu Jlzaii.ll.a, ueutaCJ£u8a 6umBa Bimooma na Bopc'K.fLi ( 13 96), 6opom'b6a Ja Ci8epUf,uuy Mi:JIC BIUI ma Moc1COBC'b'K010 oep:HCaBOW, noBcman'li.R Muxaii.ll.a FAUNC'bxozo, 6opom'b6a npomu opouuc?Jxux 'H.aCKO'KiB, npomu6opcmBO flOJL'b· C'b'Ko-JlumoBC'b'KOZ oep:JfcaBU ma MoAOa8ii' ?W mepeuax flooi.Juul, u E)''KOBU'H.U, noBcma?tUR Myxu, omu1i.fl, 'K1t.R.3R KocmRnrnuna I OcmjJOJ'b'KOZO ma iH. X(ltta mym T8auoi'ui piihco nooaBaB opuzi'H.M'b1l)' iuifjop.Ma?ti10, OO"Ha'K 8aJIC/lU8UM 6 yJICe caM rftmcm uozo JBejmewm oo nooiii yxpai.Hc'bxoi' icmopii'. Y nfr:ycC'bKiu 'K"HUJi 6e:mocepeou:w JzaiJ;•wm'bCR iJenxi MMoBiiJo"ti AW.M£1imu uauwi icmopii: Hanpu'K.ItaO noxia nM'bCbKozo KojJQJl.R EOJLeoUUJa I 1ta PyCb y 1018jJ., noxiiJ MazicmpaJiwoM'bifja 1326 p.

ua nOJt'bCb?Ce ~tticmo fltunJ:b?C, y ?Compo.My ii.oMy 001UJM0,Z(JflU 'Hi! mill/b?CU eiiicw,a 81!./LU'KOZO X11Jl3Jl flUmOBC'b'K020 reiJu.MiHa, au 3aZOHU <<3 MOJtr iJaeii i 3 Pyci»; npo noxoiJu ~'frYci,. e:J~Ce ua xpecmouoc'l,!,io y nepwiii mpemuui XIV em., npo yrtacm'b i'x y Fpw'H.8aJ£WCbKiii 6umei 1410 p.; npo mopziBfl10 Pyci-Y?Cpai'uu 3 opae'H.OM, ytacm'b xpecmO?iOC?ti8 y 1teUJac.tLU80MY noxodi 8iUC'b1C flOfl'bC'b1CO-J1Um08C'bKOi' iJep:JICa8U Ua EyKOBU'UJ npomu AWAOaoc'b'KOZO zocnoaapR uanpu?Ciuyi XV em. l.Jinuu.Mu e 3eaiJ1eu T8aH'bi.ni npo Paey·PyC'bxy, llepe.MuUUL-o, He~ttupi8, Ca.~tt6ip ma Ee.tl3 RK 'l,!,mmpu nu8oBapiH'H.R, npo mopzi8.JLW roaHC'bKa 3 YK.pdiumo ma Eiaopyccw, 38iiJ'Ku <<OO 'H.WZO npu6y8a?Om'b ?Copa6.JLi... 3 Pyci, 3 BoAuui, 3 ooi.twt... cyiJUOn.tta8UUMU piKaMU 801iU npU803.Rm'b 00 u'bozo mo8apu, naca.~ttnepeo :JICUmo, nuumutjw ma iHUW20 36i:JIC:JfC.R 8MU'Ite3HJ 'KU'bKicm'b>>. L(iKaeow 6 3Bicm?Ca i npo me, Uf,O y nO'I.{,mi AumoBC'bKoi' K'H.Rzuui Atl'biJouu (AHnu) FeiJw.tuui8nu, napC'I.{,euoi' noA'bC'bKozo xopoAe8u'l.{,a KasUMupa, Uf,O npu6y8 oo KpaK08a, 6yJ£u i K03aKu. Tym Mae.w cnpaey 3 aHaxpoHi:J.MOAt, npu'ltoMy F8aH'bi'ui npunyCKa6m'bC.R uozo noOeKyau Uje 8 iumux cBoi'x Kuuzax, nuW]'I.(,U, Hanpu1CflaiJ, npo K03a?t'bKi UI.Jl.Rxu xpecmo'H.OC?ti8 ??WUf,O. Bapmo 8?Ca3amu i ua onuc RJU'I.(,'H.U'lt'b1COZO KJ!l'bmJ npycciB, Kompuu MaE 6azamo C1lU'b1lUX puc i3 1<.)1./L'b?nOM OaBHiX C/l,D8 RU. 3zaaywm'bC.R Oa8Hi nJLeMe'H.a, uanpu'KflaO zoMm ( ••ZMiuou" ), iJaHi npo RKUX J'H.a· xoiJu.Mo i ua cmopinxax cmapoyKpai·uC'b?CUX Aimonucie. Ha8im'b npu onuci E.JLU3'b'KOZO CxoiJy Team)i"ui 31-taxooum'b napa.Jle.tli 3 yxpai1u,oKU.MU peaJLifu.tu- nopi8moe ezunemC'bKUX Ata.At.JL10'KiB 3 JKPai''HC'b'KU.MU 'K03a'Ka.MU. TpenlJl K'H.uza xpo1li'Ku TBa'H'bi'Hi C'Kfla· Oaem'bCJI, 3 mpooX 'I.{,QC1nU'H..' )' nepmiiJ. po3noeiiJaem'bC.R npo noxoiJJICe~w.R jl)'CUHi8-)'1Cpai'u?JiB, noiJaua icmopi.R Kui8C'bxoi' P)'ci, aemop mopKaEm'bC.R ZO.JL081£U.M, 'I.{,UUOM BiUC'b'K08o-noJLi· mU'It'H.UX nooi'i'i, OC06.JLU80 6opom'b6U 1laULUX npeiJxia npomu 1-taBMU 'K()'tlOBUX uapooie (ne· 'lteuizie, noAOB'lf,iB, AW'H.ZO.JLo-mamap ). GAia

y n

B C T

nionprommu, 1/jO loauoi"ni 'l{irmw 36 R.-1)'£ 8 t=ouue 'lji.Jir irmopiro Kui6Cbxo'i ma TMU'lf:oKOBOAU'HCb'Koi' iJrj>.>1cne 3 icmopiew Pyci-Yxpai'nu XH'- XV/I em., eeaJKac, UjO crute Yxpni''Ha e cnaiJKoF.MU'l,!,ew iJepJKaBHux mpaiJuyiu Kui6co'Koi·P),ci. Wo cnWlJ'cm'bCR.MOCKoeurnie, nw Teau'bl''Hi po32.1UliJae i'x R'K oxpe.J.tuu napoiJ, eiiJMin'HUU eiiJ pycoxoeo ()1Kpai'ny_ie ma 6i.twfJycie ), RK 'HapoiJ, Kompuu 1te MOJKe npemenoyeamu 1Ul cnaiJoK Kui6coxol'-Pyci rna'K0103'Ha'l{,'H010 Mipow, .R'K yxfJai.'H'l,!,i. OcxiAo'KU meip Teanoi'ui Mac 'KO.Mni.JulmUB'HUU xapaxmep, rno eiu 'He JaeJKiJu c noCJLiiJoe'HU.M. 3aJ1W1tU.Mo mi.Jto'KU, UJO 'IU!jle3 'KOMni.tt.RmUBHUU xapaxmep )' xpoui'l,!,i, OC06AUBO )' MOC'KOBCO'KiU 'K'HU3i, 'l{,aco.M J.lttiw.ywmOC.R noWlmrrut «pycoxufi,, ma «.MOC'KOBC'b'KUU>>, Tea?toi.'Hi npuiJilLR.c ee.rtuxy )'Baey eeueMoei'l{,UUM .MamepiMa.At, poJnoeiiJae npo yxpai'Hcoxi KU.R3iecoxi poau, xompi 'l{,OCO.M ff)'AU nOB '.RJaui 3 BeJLU'KUMU 'K'JiJl.3R..MU 'KUZ6Cb'KUMU. y apyeiu 'l{,acmuni noiJaem'bC.R icmopu'Kcr zeozpa¢i'l{,uuu onuc YKpazuu ma EiAopyci, . . . B'Ka3)'10m'bC.R eoAoeuz zxuz JeM.At ma .Mtcma, onucy10m'bC.R ix?ti eep6u, UaBOORm'bC.R U MaA10'1i'KU ocmauuix. Ueii onuc c iJyJKe ?J,iuuuu, XO'l{, i 1te noJ6aeAe?tuu uemD'l{,?tOcmeii. 3oxpe.Ma, onucy1()1{u BOAuuo, Teauoi'ui uenpaeoMipuo 8U6i6 '1ia38)' 'l,!.ici' 3eM.Ai ( «BOAUUi.R>>) eiiJ piKu BoAzu ( «BoAzuuiR» ), aAe maKozo poay no.MU/l'Ku ma auaxpoui:J.Mu 6yJLu munoeUMu iJ.JlJt mozO'l(,acuoi' icmopiozparftii'. BaJIC./l,UBUM C10JfCemo.M ?J,ici'l{,GC'lJlU'HU e onuc ci.!t'bCbxozocncr iJapc'bKux po6im ua Pyci, mo'l{,uicm'b R'KOZO niiJmeepd:JIC)'cmoC.R emuozpaifii'l{,nw.tu poJeiiJ'KaMu. Y mpemiu 'ltacmuui ?f,e?tmpM'bne .Mic?J,e eiiJeooumoC.R onucoei 3anopo3o'ICux K03aKiB, oco6Aueo oiflu'b leaua fliiJxoeu. /(o 'KOJaxie FeaK'bi''Hi cmaeum'bCR noJumueKo, 'Haeimo 3 neeuUM niememo.M. .f!K cuu lmMii', uacGMnepeiJ Be1ie?J,iauCb'ICOi' pecrt)'Mi'Ku, .R'Ka ee.;w, 6azamo8iKOBJ i 111Jl,:JIC'KY 6opom'b6y npomu Oc.AwuCb'Koi' i.Mnepi~ Diu iJo6pe po:ry.~ttiB ?tetie:JneKy O.JlJt Pf!lli flocnoJLumoi: UJO noxoiJ'U.Ila 3 mozo :JIC

OJKI"jJeJw, i mo.~tty 3 nta'KO?O cu.Mnarnif?o onucyeae 3anopo3o'Kux 'KOJaxie, niiJKjJPCJ~wHan, UJ,O «.lt1)'JfC1tiu 1W3G'lf,'b'KU1~ 1-tafJOOn 30BJK0ll fYye nompi6Hui'l "Y 6opomt>6i npomu ff)•ot>-Rxoeo eojJoza Koportu, Jlumeu u Pyci, oco6Aueo npornu mypxie i nwmap... To.My y.i eouoertu'l{,i 101taxu nomyJICHO 1lUUJ-a1ll'b BiUC'b'KO(JUU A(lO noZa'llC'b'KUX fi)'C)'p.!ttaUiB, 30 UJO nexau 6yiJe XBMa Focno(Jy Eoey» (c. 39). Biu aocumo xpumU'l{,1iO Cma8U8C.R 00 1lf0aAeK02.11.ROUOi' noAirnU'KU Pe'l{,i nocnOJlumoi' (uam.R'K ua 'KojJOAiB Cme¢a· Na EamopiR ma CueiJ.MyuiJa III), Rxa Ja.Jtticm'b rnozo, u1,o6 niomjni.Mamu 'KOJaxie, 6yoyearnu o6opo1irty Aiui?o i3 3GM'KiB ma giopme'lf,'b ua Hu.Jy ('l,!,e UJe y 30-x pOKax XVI em. nponouyeae 'H.a cei:i.M.i 31ia.Me'Humuu OcmarftiuJ(amxoeu'li), BOAi.tta «6opo?tumuC.R eiiJ mamap 6i.AR Ca"t6opa,, (c. 33). D'lleeuiJuo, 'l,!,i .Momueu 6yAu mupw.e poJeuuymi y noAoCo'KO.MJ nepe1<../laoi 1611 p. 3aBOR1CU M. aUt'KOBCb'KO.MJ, Kompuu y ceoi'x eipmoeauux meopax nocmiuuo nponazyeae ueo6xiiJuicmo aKmueuoi' 6opom'b6u npomu OC.MartcoKoi' iMnepii' i eci.ARKoi' niiJmjJUMKu y ?J,iu 6opomwi Janopo3'bxozo 1C03a'l,!,mea. XpouiKa reauozui euiJaeaAaCJl noeuicmw a6o 'liacmKoeo i nicJLR uoeo c.Mepmi. lcmopiw 'l,!,UX euoauo yea:J/Cuo npocmexue 0. /(R'IiO'K (38). Boua aKmueuo euKopucmcr eyeaAac.R icmopuKa.Mu, ny6Ai?f,ucmaMu, npaeuu'Ka.Mu pi3uux 'Kpai'u, uaca.Mnepea cyciouix. TaK, mpu rftpaZMeumu xpo?tixu 3 JLUmOBC'b'KOi' ma npyCC'b'KOZ 'KUUZ 6JAU 81C.11/I01.{,e1ti do J6ipuu'Ka Hozauua EafrlutaR («Joannis Barclaii iudicium de Polonia et ingeniis Polonorum>) ), euopyKoeauozo y 8WO.Miu munozparftii' E.aMeeipie y A urneepneui: iJea euoau'H.R 1627 p. i BUOa'lt'HR 1642 p. y npyccii' meopue eiiJo.Muu ui.Me'l,!.'b'KUu icmopu'K i wpucm, npo¢ecop Keuizc6ep3o1Coeo yuieepcumemy Xpucmoifiop rapm'KUOX ( 16441687), Kompuu euoao iJeomoMuy AamuHo.Moeuy npa1!,10 «&spublica Polonica duobus illustrata auctore» ( nepw,e suoau'H.A: tl>pau'K.rftypm i Jleiin?J,U2, 1678,· opyu: KeKi2c6epz,

/68 7) i o ui'it BU'Kopucman xj>oui'Ky roauoi'-td npu uanucauni ;,xpai'uc'b'Koi, ./l.U11l06C'b'KOi' i .lttOC'KOBC'b'KOt K'HUZ (39 ). BiiN),?n'HUJu. 6yB i Bn..J£UB xpo"Hi7<u, oco6Auoo ii' liWCKOBC'b'KOi' 1C1£UZU, Ua 11lBif> ifjpa1l1J.)'3'b1{0ZO icmopu7<a )/(a'Ka Oewcma oe Ty (15531617) <<Historia suis tempo1'iS» ( «lrmopi.R ceoeo '~taC)'» ), uanucauuu y 15 91-1617 pp. (40 ). 3ua1t'ltU.At 6ye 811./l.UB '-t>oui'Ku Joauo11ti ua mBip JltOJ!OaBC'bKOeo Jlimonucy,R. TeopziR. Ype?Ce ( 15 90-164 7) i npoooBJICyBa'lla cnpaeu ocmau'Hoozo l\1upoua Kocmuua ( 16331691 ). 06uoea Buaamnux .ftWAoaecoKux Aimonuc?&i cnupaAU.CR piB'HOW MifJo?O ua xpo"Hixy M. i PI. Deil'bC'b'JCUX i xpoH.iKy reauoi"J.ti, 301\pe.Ata 8 miiJ1taCmuui, Oe MiC1nU7n'bc.R onuc 06epmwtC'b'Koi· eiuuu 1531 p. (41 ). llpupoO'H.O, Uj.O meip remt'bi"Ui BU1COpucmOB)'BQJlU i nOJl'bC'b'Ki icmopiozparftu XVJ/-A.'V/11 em., Rx-om Wu.fttoH CmapoeOA'bcoxuil (42). Jl'KUJ.O zoBojmmu npo euoau'HJl xponi'Ku Feauoi"ni XVIII-XX em., mo HaileaJfCJlueiud 3 uux 6yAu 30iucue'Hi nOA'bC'bKU.ftt npoceimume.JTe.ftt <PjJaHv.iwxoM Eozo.fttOJl'b'lf,eM y .ftte:JICax 'liOmupumOM'HOi" cepii" uZbi6r dziejopis6w polskich >> i Ka3U.fttupo.\t lOJegJoM T)'fJOBC?:r ?CUM (u&onpaeiJa, ocnWH'Hiu nepeeuiJae 6e3 :JICOOuux xo.M.ewmapiB miAo'KU nepwi mpu ?<."HUZU meopy (43 ). B iJeJLxux xpai"uax JOiucuweaJLuc.R euoam-1.R "ceoi>:.» xuuz xfJoHixu Teauoi"ui. Mae.MO 1w yoa.1i n)'6Aixay,iw PJ'.ftt)'HC'b'KU.ftt icmopunoM Kocm.mmzWW.ftt Mapi1teCKY oiiJno8i07lOZO ¢jjJQZ.ft1fJWla 1jici. XjJ01liKU (44 ). J/7<UJ,O 20BO/JU11lU 11fJO OU0a7l H.R cxiou.oCJwe R.ucoKUAtu AtoruLMU, mo oco6Aurw ynaza njJUiJi.JZJUlaCJl .ft10C?<.OBCbKi1~ 1muJi xpo1-lixu. Hm.IKjJOUJ,f 'lj10 1W.uzy ouiJa.lla r Ko.1· JlOfia (4 5 ), a11e OOHO 1W'KJlOJUL fi OCUOll)' Jla11lU1lO.MOG1l)' oejJCl10 158] fJ., Jl?<.a 31W1WO nocmynaEm'bCJl o6mzo.ftt?WJl'bCo'KO.fttoouiii oepcii. 1611 fJ. HeoeJZu?Ci ifjfHlZAteumu pyc1,xol" ?<.UUZU XjHmi'KU (3 6UOOU1tR 1581 p.), R?<.i Micmflmo onuc Kueaa ma MmnepiaJZu .1 icmojJii' BiJWjJyci, 6y11u aAt.iUJfUi y fJociUC'b'KO.ftt)'

nepe'KJlaiJi y OeJl7<UX jJiiJKicuux BUOa7t.HJlX (46). Y 196 9 p. yxjmZH.C'b'Kuit e.Mizpamn 3 Kauaou Ocun MaJyfJO'K ony6AiKJ8fUJ nejJeK.fl.(U) J1\fJaZ'ItC'b1<.010 .ft£08010 mjJe?n'bOt (jlJC'b1<0i') K'H.U· zu xpoui1eiUlaiJ e A1o6um£A1:COKUM (caM 0. J\1a3'JP01<: 6yB iu,Jfceuepo.M .1a nporfieci/570) i iJo mozo :He ouuuwe Mi3epuuAt ?W'KilliOOM. J(ocumo C'Kasamu, lftO 0. l\1a3yfJoK ue 3.fttiz 1taaimo njJaOUJl,'b1W 3fJ03)Wimu AimejJU ZO?rtU'Il1WZO uLpwftmy, i moAt)' noiJa6, u.anpu'IUUliJ, <<Roxolanyw", rno6mo fJO?<.COJlauio, RX <<?<.OjJoMuie". Eye oiiJcymuiu i eAe.M.enmajmuu 1W.ftteHmap iJo 6UOQH'HR. Ba:JICJlU(J010 e, oona?C, 3ZaO'Ka npo xypcyea"H'H..R no 6i6Aiome?Cax iJoBoennoi' FaAU1tuuu pycoxoi' 'K'H.UZU xpouixu TBaHoi'ui, 3 xomp01o l\1a:J)'fJOK no3H.auoMUBCR nio 1tac ceozo ua81iau'H.R y EpoiJax. B eAeKmfJo1luux xamaAozax Kauaou e BKa3iB'KU 1ta 'HaRB· uicmo )' 6i6J£iOme?&i oep:JICarnwzo apxiey e Ommaei ny6Aixav.ii' mBopy Teauoi""Hi 1611 p. penpu"Hmuu.M crwco6oM (Ottawa: Klub Polsko-Kanadyjski, 1975) npeocmaBHU'Ka.ftt.u nOJl'bC'b'JCOl oiacnopu y KauaiJi. OiJuaK o6cme:JICeU'H.Jl uayxoeux 6i6AiomeK Ommaeu il iuwux xaH.aOC'b'KUX Micm (Topo11.mo, BiuH.inez, Ea.hW'H17lOH, CaC'Ka11l)1H, KMzapi) u.e aatto no3Umuouozo pe3JA'b11W11l)'· Mo:JICAUBO, mym R'Keco 1tenofJ03)'.fttiu"HR, y xpauj.oMy eu.naiJKy 3zaiJa'He euiJamtR 6yAo 3oiucHeue 'Ha036U'ltai1Ho JltaAUM mufJaJICot 6e3 6yoo-Rxux KOJifeHmapie. Xpouixa roaHoi'ui, 'H.aCa.M1tepeiJ BuOQH1tR 1611 fJ., 6y;w uaoJtJ7.1'1tafmo nonyMpnow i, 1l03fl C)'.ftm iBOJit, OU KOjJ'I.lC1ll08)'8QJWC.fl 3 'H.Q(JilQJI'biWIO JHf11l010. BaJK'Ko 1-ta3omnu iHUie moZ(JIUlCUe Bw)mmR y Perti flocnoAumiu, Jl7<e 6 )' JtezKii'i ma iJoonynHiil. ifiofJ.'fi iJaea.Jw maxi rpyumoolli 31WIOlJl 3 icmojJii' ma zeozpaifjii" €eponu fi. 1lflcmxoflo b:w3oKozo ma Cepeou'bozo CxoiJy. Ba lJ:f jJ06U11l'b oy)l(e 1'i.~uoeip'HU.ftf me, U.£.0 xjJ01li'Ka Temtbl"Hi 6y11a i B 6i6Aiom.elJ:i AMieCbl\020 E3Ji'mcb1\.0c0 KOJ1ezi)•J!1)', Oe ua no1lQ11l1<.)' X\'11 em. 1worwecR EozoaH XMeJZ'b1l1l'lf,bKUl'i ...

B C T

llpu.lr ijJUU'h"U xpou hw l'lumnl"u i 6yAu .~razi.JI(e B

hoJKuill 3Jwtwdi 6i6JLionU'1~i YxjJai.llu. npo UJO ClJlOIWlnl>i 36f'/Jf )l(f11i 'KQ?IZaA0211 (48), i cn_;w,j 11pu.MijntU1<U. Q()un 3 1JUX njJU.MipHU'KllJ, .R'KU./1{ .M'U KOjJUf1li)'lJQJl1lCJl, 36l'jJi· zafmbCR )' 6iiJiJi.Jli cmajJoiJpyKiB Ha11i01-trutoH.oi' 6i6.tiomeKu YKjwi"uu i.11t. B. I. BejmaiJco· Kozo (49 ). Y L(JUA 'YKpa"iuu )' K u Mi J6ejJizaemoc.fl up' iJan nplotipHuKu nuiJmw.R 1611 p., QJU' B01W 6 1tfr108111.L\tU, OC'KUWKU 8 oiJH.O.M)' 6paK)'6 1W1UWlK')' ( on'UC)' CajJJ.umzii), a)' apy2o.My - PRO)' KHU2 (50). Ha JfC(lJl'b, moil npu..Mi/JHUK, xompm"lJ6epi2mJCR o IHcmumymi AimepamyjJU HAH YKjJai"Hu, 81npa'JleHO. npu.fttip1iUKU 8UOQU1/Jl 1611 p. 6 6 apxi80LXOBUUJ.aX Jlo606a, flemep6yp2n, l\1ocK6U, npupoiJno, i noAoco?Cux (KpaKoea, BajJutaeu ma iu.) *. Y Ji6panui 2peKo-?CamoAU'/&b'K020 .Mo'Hacmup.R oo. eClCU!LiRu e.u. J\1.ouoepi (KauaiJa, njJoain?&iR Allo6epma) 36epi2acmoCJl ifjpaz.M.eum ouiJan'H.R 1611 p. (onuc Pyci-YKjJai·uu), Kompuu iJo no'tf.Gm.Ky 20-x pO?Ci6 XX em. 31-laxoiJu6CR 8 TMu'tf.U'H.i. Y 6i6Aio'J1le'Yi <<Po6ajJm£>>TojJo'1imcoxo2o yuieepcunzemy e Aamuuo.M06'H.e euiJau'li.fl xpoui?Cu ( <Ppm-tKif}yjmz-'H.a-Mau'Hi, 1584). BiiJoMuu uuJeil?&apcoKuu CAaeicm A. Kanne.tLep, iJoCAio:.HCy10'ltu xpouixy Teauoi'ni, eu?Copucmoey8aB ii" ueiJamoeaui iJpyKoeaui npuMipuu?Cu ( ~e 6yAu, O'tf.,€8uiJuo, euiJauwt 1581 p.) 3 nemep6yp3o'KUX apxiBOCX06UUj- J(ep:.HCa6'1iOZ ny6Ai1iuoi' 6i6JLiome?Cu iM. M. 6. CMmuKooa-I.I(eiJpiua ma Ei6JLiome?Cu AKaiJe.Mii' 'HayK (51). 3 xpouixu, oco6Au 60 ouiJau'li.fl 1611 p., po6wturn jJyKonucui ?Conii" ma nep(!}(.JlaiJu, nepiiJKo nepe?C.JlaOa.JlUC.R OKpe.ftti i"i' 'K'IiUZU 'tf.U ¢pa2Menmu. Ta?C, e?COUOM Ku68o-flettepcoKoi' Jwopu flaumeJLeiiMon Koxauoocoxuu 30iUC'1iUB nepeKJI,aiJ ./ltOCKOOC'b'KOi' 'KUUZU xpouiKU i B'KJL10'tf.U6 UOZO 00 C'K.JlaiJy C60ZO «06mupnozo cuuoncucy pyco1C020>> ( 1682). TeHepMouuu nucap Y?Cpazu,co?Coi· iJep:.HCa6u -

* Emt3bKO .nnox ,ACCHTKin pi31mx UH,AaHb XVIXVII CT. xpoHiKH fnaHI.iui 36cpiraiOTbCSI n apxi DOCXOBJJJJ(aX

nolJI,IUi.

rem'b./ltn HUJU 1111 ,, 165 9- 1660 fJfJ. Cl'./111'1/ 0· J/)'X08C1>KUU (J!Rx) u~e tJ '~tacu Ha y,iouaAouo6U300.Jl1,uo 1· aiu H u )'KjJai.HcoKo2o uapooy 1648-/658 jJp. 6 K.Jl10'~fUB 00 CKJlGl))' C6020 3UljJnU1\.ll 7UjJe1UlaiJ )'7C/Jrtl'HC'b1W10 A!Ol/070 HPfJeJLUK020 gjpa2Menma 3 lll i fi' JIC ./IWC1W8CbKOi' Kuuzu (52). XjJo1l i Ka '~tacmo BUKopuwwByoaJWCR )''Kj)(lt.HCb1W.AtU .Jll1/l01ZUC1J!U.W, 1WCb.Me1t1W'Kll./11U-JlO.Jll'AtlCJn(LMU 3axapiew Konucme1tC'bKUM (53), CuJLofJennjJOJ\t KocoouM, <PeoiJoci6.ftt Co~jjmlOOU'lfe.M (54), naume.JLeilMo110./11 KoxauoocoKUM (55), HoauuK i c.ftt Ta.fl.flnwocoxu.M (56), lfJU2ojJiot lf;a6'.5lu?Co10, Ca.~~tii.utOJ\t Be.JLU'~t KO.M (57), 1Me1o Ko'Uja?Co6coKUAt (58), 'HfBiOOMUM aomopoM «lcmopii. pyci6» rna iii. L!e npupoiJu,o, ocKi.tw~eu niiJ <<CapAtami€10» Feauoi.ui po3)'Mi6 mepumojJi10 Petti flocnoAumoi~ om:.HCe, u Pyci-YKpai"uu ma i'i' cyciiJio. ll,e ue MOZ.!lo ne nj;ueepuymu )'Ba2U 00 xponiKU yxpai"1-lCO'KUX icmopuxie ue mi.ao'KU XVJJ-XVJJI em., a u niJuimux '4-acie. flony.Jl.flp1w1o 6yAa xpouixa i B Ei.aopyci, i 6 i\1.0C'K06C'b'KiU iJep:JfCa6i. 3o?Cpe.Ma, ii' ( oco6Au6o mamapcoKy ?CUUZ)') aKmUB'H.O 6UKopucmaAu A uiJpiu Jlu3Jlo6 npu cmoopeNui cooei' <<CKiificoxoi' icmopii'» (59), Bac1.Ulo TamuUJ,e8 ma iu. 36u'4-auuo :.HC, iJy:.HCe oiiJ1tymuu.M 6ye 6nJLUB xponi'KU T BaU'bi.lti na 1W.floCOKY icmopio2paifjiw ..\'11J-..\'11/l ern. 3oKpe.~~w, 1-la.M 80MOC.R npocme:.HCumu uozo 'H.a npu1(JLaiJi ?Co.fttnitz.Ry,iu J\1a.p?&iua FO.Ili'HCbKozo (60), auo'liL-uuozo moopy <<Polit)'il>•, cmeopmur 20 niCILR 1686 p. ( 61 ), ma?Co:.HC auouiMuozo npoiJo8JICeH.'H.R (ue pmdwe 1699 p.) iJpy?Co6auo2o JLamU1WMo6nozo m8opy uiMy,R llay.ll.R E6epa «Calendium historicum» ( 15 71) (62 ). A. Kanne.tLep OUR6UB 812./l.UB pi3uux euiJauo xpoui?CU TeauoZUi Ua iJaui npo na'Hj16a1t'li.fl lBana IV ma uozo onpu'4-uuuy p.RiJy m6opie no.floC'bKOi', uiMeyoKof ma imaJLiucoxoi· icmopiozpaifjii' XVI-XVII em., Ma10ltu na yeaJ~ eiiJnooiiJno, maKi moopu, R'K 'KO.Mni.tz.R'Y,i.R .flua Jlacuy,o?Cozo, ?Compuu :.HCUB y 15341600 pp., «Orbis Terrae partium succincta explicatio» ( 1586) eoanze.tticmu-ttuozo neiJazcr

B C T y U

zaMix(WLJl, HemtiJepa (1525-1595), ((SyUoge

historica oder Zeit und Gescltichtsbuche" (1599) Feop2a Hi'Ko./l.aca, «Moscovia•• ( 1587) nancb1WZO .fl.eeama Anmonio llocceeini ( 1533-1611) main. PociuCbKUU o8opRnC'b'KUU icmopu1e Eecmy:HCe8-P10Min, a nomiM M. KapaM3in eea:JIC(JJI,U, UjO xponi'Ka rean'bi'ni cnpaBUAa 8n.ttU8 ma'Ko:HC i na mBip niMey'b'K020 nacmopa 'Kin. XVI em. OiJep6opHa, aJLe ni3niw.e me'Kcmya.Jl:bny 6.fl.U3'b?Cicm'b Jrti:JIC o6o.Ma naM '.RmKaMU 6y.1w nDRC1te?W 8U1Copucman'HJU.t i'xHiMu a8mopaMU cnitt'bHOZO iJJfCejJe.tla (63). Eep'J'luCb 3a HanucanHR c8ozo m8opy, r8aU'bi"Hi 6pa8 3a 83ipelj,'b nonyAApuuu moiJi JfCaup 1COCMozpa¢i~ mo6mo icmopuKo-zeozpatfiitmux Knuz. H a mou 'IWC mupmwi' nonyMpHocmi 3QJfCUAU 8 Petli n ocno.Jtumiu JlamunoM081ti u nOJL'bCb1CO.M08ni m8opu maKozo muny, uanucani u 8uiJaui .R1C noA'bCb'KU.MU xpouicma.Atu Ma?J,ee.M Mexo8C'b1CUM ( cc Tpa?Cmam npo iJ8i CapMamii'», 8nepme 8uiJanuu y 1517 p. ), Map?J,inoM 56JloC'b'KUM ( « Xponixa 8C'bozo c8imy,, ouiJana y 1551 p. ), imMiuye.M ,l(xooauui Eornepo ( « YnioepcaJZ'bni peAR?J,ii'», Bene?J,iR, 15 98), oco6Jtueo JIC Map?J,inoM KpoMefJoM (•cllOJLouifl,,, 8UOana y 1575 p.), maK i 'NiM.e'l:£,'b'KUMU: 'KOClttOZpaifJiJl rapmM.ana IlleiJe.tlR (1493), «Koc.MoepaifJiR» (5a3e.Jto, 1544) Ce6acmiRna M101icrnepa (1489-1552). B ocmannoozo roan'bi'ni sano3U'I{,U8 naoimo cmp)•Kmypy onucy ui.MeyoKux Je.MeJl'b y 8iiJno8iihdu ?CHU3i c8ozo m8opy. Kpo.Mep 6)•o 3Pa:JKOM iJAA Toa?ioi'ui iRK icmopuK, i me KocMozpatfi, i ueounaiJxooo imaJZieyo ouxopucmao i xponiKy KfJoM£pa, i uozo ?COC.MozpaifH10 ( <<llOJWniR» ). CmBop1010'1{U xjJOHiKy, reauoi'ni niw.oo munooUM O.!Lfl coozo "iary UULJlXOJtt ?COJttni.tutmopcmoa. Biu ouKojJucmoeyoao pis'lioM.animui nuce.At'Hi, uaca.MnejJeiJ apy1Cooani, iJxejJe.Jta, cepea RKux 6a'l{,ww nepeiJycU.t Ei6· .aiw, maKo:HC moopu aurnu'~mux icmopuKio, zeozpaifiio i nuco.Mlnmu?Ci8, RKU.MU oi1t oco6.auoo noC.Jtyzooy8aoCJL, BU'KJzaiJa101tu icmojJi10 rpeyii'. l..(e 6y.au 8 nepmy 'ltejJzy moopu OeiiJiR

( ccMemaMoptfio3U" ), llAymapxa (" llopi81iRJl'b1ti 6iozparftii·,~) ma zeoepatfia Cmpa6ona. Xpouicm noCUJZ.aem'bCJt maKo:HC na Apic11UJ11leAA, Bepzilli.R, repoaoma, repa1Utima, ro.MefJa, ,l(ioiJopa CuuUitiUC'b1Cozo, Ptocutfia l/>AaBiR, KypyiR, Jly?J,iR l/JJZopa, MapyiaJZa, fla8car niR, fl.Jtiui..R Cmapw,ozo, lloMneJL Tpoza, flmOJZeMeR, CeneKy, Cmcpama, Ta?J,uma, Uu?J,ejJoua, JOcmuua. Menw.a yeaza npuoi.n.R.tuv CR moopa.M cepeiJuoo8i'l{,uux aomopi8, maxux JL'K t1opiJan, ,l(Ayzow., Ca6e.Mi'K, llaBAO ,l('Wl'K01l, Aao6epm Kpmt?J,iii, zomCbKuu icmopux Hopoan, Eueii Citto8io lliK?COAOMiui, Me 8 onuci l./exii' w.upoxo BUKopucmo8yBa.aaCR «Xpouixa~> Ko3'b.MU npa3'b1C020 ( 10451125 ). Oco6AuBo CUA'b?i.U.M E8n.ttU8 ua m8ip roauoi'ni nOA'bC'b'KUX a8mopi8 XV- XVI em. Map1:£,iua rna HoaXUMa EMoC'b'KUX, Eepnap. aa BanoBC'b1C020, .flna ,l(Ayzow.a, Mapyina KpoM.epa, Ma1f:eR MexoocoKozo, Eapmow.a nanpo?J,'b1COZO, Ma'l:£,e.Jt CmpuuKOBC'b1COZO ma in., XO'I{Q Bin i 'He 3a8JfCOU ua 1lUX nOCUJtaBCR, Rx-om 1-ta moip .H. TAyxooco?Cozo. L(iKa8o, UjO mozo JfC 1611 p. y munozpaifjii' M. Jlo6a oiJ1UJ'I{,QC'H.O 3 mBopoM roan'bi'ni OjJy'K)'BaBCJl nepe1UlaiJ noAoC'b1C010 .AWBO'IO xpo?i.iKu M. KpO.M.epa ( 64 ), i ma1euu 36iz ua8pRiJ 'ltU 6y8 8unaiJ'KOBUltt. Y mype1:£.oKiil 1C1lU3i oin na8oiJum'b ua8imo BipUti CmpuuKoocoKozo, (JJI,e 1:£.'bOzo pa:1y 'H.e sa6yo spo6umu noCUAa1l1l.R. E)'AU cepea OJICejJe.Jt xpouiKu maKOJIC JtamunoMo8ne a6o nOJL'bC'bKOltW8'H.e euiJaH1l.R •<flepezpuna11:it» JZumooc'bKozo Me.Myapucma XVI em. ?CHJlJJL .A1uxo.aaR KpuuanoifJa PaiJsu8i.Juw «CupimKU''• ouiJaHe onepwe nOJL'bC'b1W10 .MOB010 y KpaKoei y 1607 p., a .aarnunow - y Epaue8o 8 1610 p. CaMe ua lJ,bO.At)' meopi o OC'H081tO.M)' rjJyumycrnoCR onuc OcJttaucoxoi· i.Atnepii', E.ausoKOZO CxoiJy rna A gipww, noiJa'H.UU y xpoui1~i. T'oauoi.'Hi pa30.At 3i 3HatLH.Wtu tfijJazJttenmaMu ?IU?K.cmy nefJe?IUC)'E 1WCU/la1t1ut 1ca moip ftocuifia QJ.aa8i.JL «JOiJeiJ.cox:a 8iuna», Haeim'b BeiJe jJ03.MOB)' oiiJ nepuwi' oco6u, B'liaC/l,iiJOK "WZo cmeopJOtm'bC.R. 8paxeH1tR, u~o CaJtte oi1i 6yo cnpclBJK'H.i.At aemopo.At tjUX ifipaz-

B .uemni8. Tmc, BiN ?WWf

«Jt uoy

C T y

:w i1ocuifio,\t. ..

Ue RJa.twumo nzeo.Jwza~'tt ... », C/1080 8 C/1080 noemop~awttu PaoJuei.ruta. Ue .Jic cUWGJ'B?n'bCR u 1WCl.uzawb ua 8i3au.miiLCbKozo icmopmw TeopziR Keopiua, md 6yau nepeu.eceui )' xpouiK)' pa30Jit 3 ¢paz.Mela1taJitU "llefJez{JuHatJ,ii·,, Pao3uowa, y xornpux ioem'bCH npo A1epnwe .11wpe ma npo niA'bC'b?WX aMifii6iu, i Oe.Rxi 3 nocu.JtaH b u.a Ei6Ai10 ( 65 ). Tean'bi"Hi euxopucmae rnaKOJIC noe:Jii" euoam?tozo noA'bC'bxozo noema XVI em. Jlua Koxa'HOBCbxozo, meojJu ?tiMe1f,'b'KUX xjJO?ticmiB Ce6acmiRHa <PpaHKa, flempaJl.)'li.C6)'p3'b'KOZO, xpouixy Eue.JL Ci.a'beio flixxoAOJitiui (nanu pUJitc'bxozo lliR //), «3anucxu npo A1.ocxoei?O» (euoan'H.Jt1549, 1551, 1556 pp.) aecmpiiic'bxozo ounAo.Mama u .Mauopieuuxa Cuzi3.M..J'H.Oa rep6epw,mauua, AamU1iOJitOB'H.Y YzopCbxy xpouixy XV em., «Mepxypiu TaAAo5eA'bziuC'bxuu» (¢y u.oa.MeumaA'bne euoau'H.Jt, RXe ifjop.lltJBMOCR 3 11WZQtl,aC1iUX Za3em i <<Ae?ll'I(JI{UX AUCmXiB» ma Oa6aAO Oocmam'H.'bO noB'H.e YRBAe'H.'H.Jt npo nooiz 8 €eponi XVIXVII em.), meip Me.MyapHozo xapaxmepy HW'l&Jl An:o6epma W.aixrninza, npa1J,10 meo.aoza KoHpaoa C'KAJ3e1iCbxozo ma in. Oco6.aueo 3'H.a'llUUM 6ye enAue'Ha Tea'H'btHi meopie KpoMepa, npu'llo.My ne mi.a'bxu ilozo xpouixu, a u .MaJW3'1l.a1iOi.X'H.U2U <<flOAbUJa, a6o flpo po3mawyea1i'HR, 'Hace.aen'HR, 3BU'llai·, )'PRiJu i nyfirLi"iui cnpaeu Kopouu llM'bC'bxoi" oei xuuzu, ( 66). rea1i'bt1ii euxopucmae eJtCe pospo6.aeuy Kpo.MejJoM cxeMy icmopuxo-zeozpa¢i'll'Hozo onucy lloA'bUJi, a rnaxoJtC npwuzae ii" oo onucy iuwux xpai·u. Ocxi.a'bxu meopu o6ox xpouicmio MU3'bxi Mi:Hc co6ow i meKcmJaA'b1W, Tean'bi.'Hi 'tlacoM mi.a'bxu .MooepHi3yoae euxopucma'Hy i'HfPojJ.Ma1J,i?O. Tax, KpoMep 1f,umy6 xOHcmumy'lf,i?O ceii.My 1569 p., y xornpiu 'Haaeani uaueuUJi ypllOoe'lf,i (ceimc'bxi u i>yxoeui) flO.JL'bUJi; Fea'H'biui JfC po6um'b me CaMe, mi.a?r 'KU onocum'b 1U!31ta'll'Hi xopeKmuou, ouxoOR'llU a pea.Aiii yJtCe 1611 p., a 'He 1569 p. Kpi.M mozo, eiu oooao cnUCO'K uaUBUUJUX Ca1t08· HU'Kie BJOI (67).

n Y cxauouuaocbKiu K1tU3i xpouixu

TeaH'bi.ui 7J,umyc ypuaoK 3 noemu'~£11020 lWA?r Cb'K020 meojJy uJI.opoz061W3 yni8epcaAMWZO Xa1JZOAU1J/bK020 XOCrll'bOA)'··· "• iJe 32aiJy10m'bCR eiiJo.Mi e cepeanwoi'~miu lrnaAii. tliunu Mi.JIC Z8e.n:urftruw ma zi6e.aiua.~~tu, eiu:Hu Ta6c6)•pzio 3a fmaJLi10, iJuuaCrll'll'llHi BlU'HU, 301Cpe.Ma pooy C¢ojJ1J,a, nWUJO. 3 ycix 1f,UX iJJtCejJe.a- 38-uttailHo, cxop()1ty1attu i peoary101tu rneKcm,- Toa'H'bi.'Hi xoM ni.aweao cmuC.Jtuu icmopuxo-zeozpa¢i'll· uuu onuc KOHKpem:Hozo uajJoOy 'llU peziony. Pioelt'b KjnnnU1J,11.1MY reaHbi"ui ao Buxopucma1iUX 'H.UM iJJICejJeA He eapmo, oiJ1wx, nepeo'lf,imoeamu. Tax, nanpu'KAaO, y w.ocmiii K'HU3i xpoHixu, eiu eMi7J&ye uenpaeUA'b'H.i, uaBim'b ¢aumacmu'll'H.i YRBAeu'ltR eeponeii1J,i6 npo oa.aexi xpai", Mopc'bxi z.au6unu, meapuunuii ceim, nuwe npo ifiaumacmu'l(,uux .MopC'bxux meapuu ma pu6, u()yiu, O'lleeuouo, 3a weeiJC?r xUM zeozpa¢oM ma icmopuxoM OJZarftoM MazuycoJit, xompuu 3zaoyeae npo ¢aumacmu'llnux CMaManiJp, a B onuci o. TWle1i, naneeuo, eio6uocR eiooMuii Mi¢ npo Am.aaumuoy. Y 8-u xnusi Tea'H'biui npunycmueCR oeox zpy6ux noMUAOK, xompi 6yAu munoeU.Mu i noRC'H?O?Om'bCR pie'H.e.M mOZQtl,aC'ItUX icmojJu"i1tUX 3nau'b. Haca.~~tnepeo nio «mamapa.~~tu>> reau?r iui po3JMiB ycix xD'llieuuxie €epaaii: Y xoMnauiw iJo «mamap» uozo meopy nompanUAu ne mi.a'b'KU mwpxu, a u Ka./l.Jituxu, 'llepxecu, a6Xa3U ma pRO iuWUX, MOBU RKUX 1te .Ma?Orn'b ui1tozo cnia'bnozo 3 m10/J'KC'bKUMU, 'He xa:JIC)"llU e:HCe npo mamapC'bKJ. Kpi.M. mozo, rea'H'bi'ni y npazueuui eioHaumu 1eopiu1t.Jt mamap OiUUtOB 00 aumU'll'ltUX, uaeim'b 6i6.aiU1tUX "iacio i 6e3niocmaeno non 'lt3ao mamap i m10fJ'Kie llieoen'Hoi' Yxpai'Hu 3i cxi!fta.Mu ma cap.Mama.Mu, Kompi mym .Mattu Xll/l.UC'b coow oepJtCaenicm'b. L(umyoa'ltAA 3 OeioiR 1te nfJ!»le· uUAu, a 3ameM'HUAU numa'H1tJt npo zeuesuc mamap, 6o cei()'l{eu'H..R aumu"iuozo aemopa npo cap.Mamie ma zemie a:HC uiRK ue MO:HC'Ita 6y.ao npu'KAaiJamu iJo xo-ttieuuKiB-m'IOpKiB ni3Hiuwzo "iacy, iJeR'Ki 3 R'KUX (nozailt&i) npuKD'llJBMU e llieoenny YKpaiity mia'b1CU 6

y n

D C T cejJeouui XVI rm. floMU..IIKU /8au'bi'ui 1UlCOM ~\'AU no2JtUWU'Ui naut?COBCb'KW.t. Ocm,nmdil. npaeUA'b'HO ezaoae y OeioiJl 3200'KU npo Jluinpo, /l'Hicmep, Jf)'Nau, aM poswupfl)'tW1t· UR iuwux ziopoui.Mie ( ropuu'b, Omup) 6y.JW ?UmpaeUA'bUUM. XpoHicm nef1e.JU1KOB)'B08 i11¢opMay,iw nUCe.M1WX oxepetL Ji C8i01t.eH1t.RMU 01te8UO~&i6, 3pii>Ka oooawttu CBOZ BJUlC'Ni cnocmejJe:JICe'N HJI., 'HanjJu'K.IlOO Oaui 1ljJO nepe6iz OBC11lj1o-myjJe?J,'b· Koi' eii'i?-tu 1593-1606jJp. L(e cmocyem'bCJl maKox onucy oalmix .R3U'I£UU?t'bKux o6p~toie )' np)'ccie, Aumoey,ie i Aamuw,ie )' XVI em. (iYue. posoi.A «llpo cmape AumoeC'bKe ioo.llono1Ul01l· crrt80» .!lU11W8C'bKoi'Kuuzu xpouiKu). EyAu euKopucmaui u oeRxi nuce~omi O:JICejJe.Aa, KomjJi ne oi?.(:wAu oo 1-tauwzo 1tacy. L{e 3a6e3nettUAo OOOOtnK08)' y,i1m.icm'b xpoui'KU .R'K icmopu1t1Ur eo OJK.efle.Jta. nonpu BC10 'KO.Mni.ARmuenicm'b xpouiKu, y uiu Micmum'bCR jmo 8aJICJWBux i opuzhw.JL'b'HUX ¢aKmie. 3ao.JLR npu'K.!Laoy 3J1lUUUMOC..ft 7/lU'b'KU 1ta AtOC'KOBC'b'KiU 'K1iU3i meopy Feml'bi.1ii, )l Kompiu Micmum'bCR onuc icmopii .AtfoC'KOBC'b'KOZ oepxa8U 3 oa8nix 'ltaCi8 00 1611 p. L(.R 'K'H.U za C1UlOOacmUR 3KojJomKoz nepeiJ. .MOBU 8iO 24.11.1611 fl. 311jJUC(JJl11W10 'KG1l'lyte· py Be.JLuKozo K1iR3i8cmea JlurnoecoKoeo !hey (JieoHy) Cani3i rna 'l£omupoox1tacnzu'H.. Y nrpmiu 1Jacmu'H.i .J.tOC'KOBC'b'KOZ KHueu xpouixu .J.ticmum'bCR icmojJUKo-zeozpaifji'ltuuu onuc Moc'K08ii: ) 1 opyziu - fJ03noeioo njJO oco6;tu8ormi npasoCJlMuoi' eifJU JKamO.JtU?f>'bKOi" m01t'KU 3ofl)', y mpemiu - npo no6ym i JHU"~tai' AtOtKoemnie, y 'lte1neejnniu - onuc rnujxmii' l oana IV. Y mol"il nefJeiJ.llwoi·njmcHRmi /rum1,i·ui nORCU106 C8iU 1W.AtijJ 1U'fH'BW)OH llft xpoui'KU 8./lGCUU.M 'KOUWW.At, jJ038U80f )'fl1061leHy me3)' njJO icmofJi10 RK e1JumeA?,K)' :Jirumnl.fl, niiJKpeCJt106 ouxnoue 31ta1(('H1£R ionopi1: noruJLafmocR ua anmu1wux MUCJtunze.lllB - 31ta· Meli1l11WZO ojJamofHt l\1ajJKa Tyti.R f.!u1Jf/JO· Ha ( 106- 43 pjJ. iJo u. e.) ma nucMtcU'H.U1W'KO.Ateoiozpaifia Tima 17Aaoma (6.1l . 250184 jJjJ. <Jo u. e.).

A. KmmMejJ njJaBUA'b1lO 8Cma1WBUIJ iJfla OCU08HUX iJ.»CejJeAa .fttorKOBC,,KOi' X?lUZU. XjJo'HiKU FeaJt'bi'ui- moopu Cuzi3M)1UOa TejJ6rpuunauua (ua 'ljC 81W3)'8a.JlU u~e A1. KajJtLWi'H, Q:>. AiJe.Ayuz rna iu.) u A.m,6ejnna l11Aixmiu2a, 38efJU)'8Ulll OC06JLU6)' )'BGZJ Ua OOfi)' onjlu'll1LU'H.U (68). r. Ko3./l.08a niomBepouJz.a 1jeU ¢a'Km, aJLe He KOH'KjJemu:rye(J.!La, UjO ca.M£ i ftK 8U'Kopucmao aernop «XjJo'HiKu fBjJoneuc'bKof Cap.~~tmnii''' · To.J.t)' eapmo 8uecmu neeui )'11l01t1te1tH.Jt 1-ta ocuoei uamux 8Aac'Hux cnocmepeJICm'b. Omxe, nej1mi mpu 1Jacmuuu .J.WC'K08C'bKOi' Kuuzu xpo'HiKu Tomt'bi'ui - ye cxopD'IteHuu nefJeKaJ 11l80jly rep6eputmauua. l'HU1i oxepeJLa ( no.lloC'bKi xpouiKu M apy,iua EM'bCOKozo, Eep1iajJiJa Ba.no8C'b'KOZO, Map?&i1la KpoJ.tepa, meip ui..Me?&'b'Koeo xpouicma AA1>6ejJma Kpa?-t?&i.Jt), ua Jt'Ki, oo pe1ti, nocUJLa£rn'bCJl 1wcoM. Tean'bi.1ii, mym 6)'AU. 8U'KOjJucmaui JLuute 8 O?CjJeJ.tux eunaiJKax, ma mo 1tefJe3 nocepeo1iU?&moo nonepeouix 'K1W z cooei' xjJouiKu, e nepmy 'ltepzy nOA'bC'bKoi' ma JLu.mo8C'b?Wi·. Ey.JLu nepeneceui e xpo'H.i'K)' Tea'H'bi.'Hi maKOJIC Oe.RKi Ma.ttW'H:Ku u Kapmu, 1.1:!0 ix ynejJw.e uaeie TejJ6ej1utmauu ua cmopiuKax c8ozo meopy (Kapma Cxio1loi' €eponu ma J\1oCKo8ii' i eapia'Hm nopmpema 8e.JLUKozo 'KUJI3.R. .J.toC'KOBCO'KOeo BacU./lJl Ill 6y.llu 8Jmni T8a?i'bi'ui 3 6a3e.JL'bC'b'Kozo euoauu..R meojJy FejJ6ejJmmauua 1556 p.). Y Tep6epwmaiiua F8a'H.'bi.Hi Jano3U1fUB i onuc caa.J.ti (Aonapi8, .llanAauiJy,ie u.fl..ftn01li8n) )' Vf'K1CU3i, onuc 3aXi01iOCU6ipC'b'KOi. !OzjJu (YefJu)- npa6am,oKi8ujuuu yzojl1Jie y IX- X KHuJi. OouaK moejJOJKenM r . K o.Yloeoi' npo Bll'KOjJUCmaHN.R reauoi"Ni nio 'ItO( 'H.anUCOHUJl .fttoCIW8Cb1Wi.'KHU2U 001lt'CPH'b im{l./1 iuC'IiKUx aemojJio AM6poo.HCo KoN mapiui ma AA-o6fjmzo KcMmncJe (69) Haepfta 1.tU BiiJ110(IiO(l'IOrn1, ()iz~CHOC1ltl. flpu Ha lOt Hi .RJ.:UXOC'b C)11111Jif01.lX aonOO'H.C1tb, 30120.1ll"~leHUX i.1 meopiB JzaiJauux n8mojJio, )' xjJoui~i T8a1t'bi.ui ueJ.W6. npu 1lfl1Wta }(Hi IV 'l{(lC1l lU 1l1l .AtOCJ.;OBC'bKOi' KIWZU roaH'bi.Hi 6UKopucma8 )'JKl' i'HUii OJICejle.JW, unca.m wpn) meip 1lO.AtepmtC'b'KOZO Hi.Ml&ft AA.o6ejnna Ill;tixmiuw "De moribus et

n c

imfJt'rmuli cmdalitalP Basilii J\Joschovine". Jlf.liX111ilfl1l0111panue )' ..MOCKO(ll"l.1WU 'UOJLOH nit: IJI nru)iwtR 0 JcfmuJa e Aumwnaoi 1564 p., Ki. lol\a puh'ie JKUB npu IoaHi JVR'K CJ/)'Za nfJU· iJaopuozo AiKapJl - imaJiiil'lJ,R. ApuoxoiJa Jlm3t'.fl.. fl iu.n enU!ll i 3 J\.10C1{0ll BOCf'N U } 5 70 jJ. oiJc onuuuerll o Pclli Jlocnofl1nnii'i, fiOJH)' KOpo.l'b CuziJ.At)'?u) AtU')'Cm uaiJao )' oAaclliCmh a fl o y )/{.iwyrJi. Ceuca~iitHi coiotwuu.R.. iliA ixmiuza6_)'Jlu cKepoamd BAnocmOJL1£oKJ cuwAulpo. (lJU! .1MUUIG..II.UCR ueoiOO.MU.MU umpo'KO;\t)' 'Jfal)' cepoueucoKoi' zpoJ\laOa,Kocmi, OoKu iM 1U' aae opyze JICU1n1ll.Jl T8anbfui, JlKUU .\fa?I.JKe no81iicmw a.Micmu8 ix ua cmopimwx «XpoHi'JW £8poneilcb'KOi. CajJ.Atamii'». npu 1~bO.MJ TBOH'bi.Hi 8U1WjJUcma8 i GUO'H.i.M?l)' 1WAbCO'KO.M.08'1i)' nepepo6Ky m8opy llJAixmi'liza nio ua38010 <<Cnpaea 8eJLU'K020 'K1ifl3Jl MOC'KOBCb'K020» (70 ). Ho.~rty 6yJLu eiOoAti mmwJtc meopu nancbKozo noow oo l\1ocKo8ii' y oj;. noA . XVI em. AHnwHiR flocceeini. C)'0R'I.(,U 3ycoozo, Joanoi.Hi UJ'8 3uauoMuii 3ymiKa11R.fl.t ua YKpai: uy 3 i\1oCK08ii' - 'K"'i.R3e.M A uopic.M Kyp6Cb'KUM, moMy Oe.RKi 38icmKu xjJo'HiKu ma «lcmojJii. npo 8eJLU'K020 'K'HJl3R .MOC'K08Cb'K020>> A nopiR Kyp6Cb'K020 6JLU3b'Ki AtiJIC co6o'JO. r. Ko3A08a 8'Ka3)'6 ma'KO:JIC ua V,iKa8UU 36iz OeJl'KUX oa?iUX T8a'1i'bi'1d i3 3anUC'KaMU '1iiM:lJ,i8-0npu'l.l1iU'Ki8 renpixa WmaiJena, Eaepma Kpy3e ma Hozmma Tay6e (71 ). F8a'1i'bi'ni, ua uamy OJM'Ky, euxopucma8 maKO:JIC c8iO'lle1i1tR O'lle8UO'lJ,iB, naca.Mnepea mux 60R'Ki8 Petti nocnOJ£Umoi, JL'Ki noffyBaAU 8 MoC'Ko8ii, nompanuomu 8 noAou («cei{j'l.{,e'li?i.R ooHo2o BeJLuxozo My:JICa ... xompuu .•• 6y8 00820 y u.ux )' 8 'RJnuy,i» ), a6o niiJ 'l.lac G.Mymu (n MiLO n Mb'llOBCb'KUU; noem, i.M R R'KOZO 3aX08a'IW nio nceoooHi.MoM C. P. (S. R) ), i>y:JICe piihw - 8J£acui opa:J/Ce"'i?i.R. Mo:JICAUBO, iJeUJ,o 6pw B'KJI:I0'~{£1W 8 xpmixy s iniy,iamueu ii. nepe'IC.ItaOa'lla noA'bCb'KO?O Mapy,iHa llaUl1W8Cb'Kozo, lL/le Tna"'ibi"Hi niiJ'KpeCJL?OE, UjO y,e U020 BJLacUUU moip, om:JICe, llawxoBCb'KUU mym 8UC1Ttynae RK aemop mcpe.Mux 8ipw,io-npuc8Rm i nepeK.JtaCa1t.

Hi03Uatl1lAtO, liJ.O jHl.110'~UL no()ifJuinn'b meKC11l)' rnpt-.oX 'K1lll2 .ftfOC'KOfJC1>'KOi. 'K1W2li

xjHmi?w uuJofJY l'Pp6rjJUmudt1-ta, njJo 1110 omuwiJHiwe iimu.J.temoCR o 'KOAU?IWWjJi, :w· miOtt)'E, UJO Taanoi.ni ff)'B KOM17UI.RmOjJO.At, XOtt i 011fJO(J1lU.At. Cnuami WUt1. )' rfp6epu.nnmi1ta ¢fmz.H emnu fi)•Au KjHlllf.f cu cme.ManmJoan Hi, :1 JlllX Ri1-t 3Miz au6jHWW. Cll/JOf/Oi 1WU(J(IJICAUoime, :m.Jw 6yao-RKi B'Ktl3iR'KU n meKrmi, UJO .AfOZ.IIU 6 OUOO lllU C11/JafiJIC1£'b020 aomojJa icmo/JUKO-zeozj;aifJitmozo onucy MocKooii~ iJo6pe aiopeuazyoae 17U??ccm 3 Aimepamyjmozo 6mcy. B fJf3)'JL1,mami .'MU'1-tUIU.JWCR 31W'll.eUH.R 'lj,UX ifipa2Aunmie RK icmojJU'~mux O:JICejJeJL, .1ame 8ouu cma.JLu Aezute vumamuCR, cnjJU.JlAU UlUpoKiu nony;tRpnocmi meopy Teanbi.n i R'K nio/J)I1l1tuxa 3 icmopi i' ma zeozparfiii' €eponu. TaKa 3MeJIC1iiCmb reau'bi'1d eio rep6epw.mauua ~ Uje 001iUM Ba:J/CJLUBUM 00'1Ca30M . . . mozo, Uj,O 38U1i)'8a1teu?i.R y rua2zamz, RKZ 8UC)'6a8 npomu ?ibozo May,eii Cmpuu.xoecoKuil, MO:JIC)'m'b cmocyeamuCR mi.JLbKU nepmux mpwx 'KHUZ m80/J)' ( nOJL'bC'b'KOi~ JLUmOBC'bKOi' ma pycb'KOi}. .Jl'KUj,O npunycmumu, Uj,O T eanbi'U.i 8'Kpa8 i 'lf,'JO 'llacmuuy m8opy Omjmu'KOBC'b'Kozo, mooi CaM Cmpuu'K08Cb'KUU OnUUU8CR 6 y jJoJLi n.Jlaziamopa crnOCOB'HO 11l80/J)' Fep6epmmauua. J(o mozo :JIC xponixa Cmpu:uKOBcbKozo 3'R8wtaCR 1582 p., a e MOC'K08C'b'Kiu Kuusi m8opy F8au'bi'ui 6a1.tUMO uusKy cw:J/Cemi8, .R..Ki cmocywm'bCR ni3uiuwzo nepioiJy

(1583- 1611). Mo:JIC'Ha mi.JLb'KU Ou8J8amuCR mOMy, ~o T6a1ibi'ui - axmu8HUU )"llacnuK Jli801iCbKoi eiuuu, .nxuu 18 pOKiB npo:JICU8 y npaeoCJta81-tiu Ei.!Lopyci, 8Mi8 3 'ltyJtCux CJLi8, a He 3 BJLacuux Bpa:J/Ce'H'b onucy8amu, uanpu'KJLaiJ, npaBoC.JLaBuy 6ipy i flpaeoC.!LaBHY l(ejJKey. .flKUjO Bi?t i iJoiJae Uj,OCb 8iiJ ce6e 8 nejJUtUX rnpoox 1.tacmU· uax MOCKOGCb'KOi" 'K1lU2U xjJO'Hi'KU, mo 'lj,e 38U1laUUO a6o a.Mrui¢ixay,ii", a6o :»e ue3Ha'llni OemaJti. ,l(y:JICe piOKO mpaniLR?Om'bCR 6i.Jt'bUti opuzinaJt'bui rftpaz.ueumu. l(e uaca.MnepeiJ

emWJzpa¢i1lua 3a.MWl/b081Ca ~oao cnoco6y jJo3· Jtytte'HWt y npocmoJLwoy, a maxo:»e onuc eiu·

B C T y n ~aHH.R y npaeoCAasuoMy xpw.ti (y poJiJi.Jti

«flpo .MOCKOBCbKi Ul.ltw6w, ), 1tacmuua onUC)' ooeuHOi. mmcmuxu MOC?Cosumis ( aematt'buiuu: npo ~e ouo. y ?CoMeumapnx) (72). HanpuxiH'l&i mpent'boi" 1tacmuuu 1euuzu B.Ati1J&euo p030ia «Jlx .MOCKOBUrnU 36ejJiza101n'b 83a6.M1tY .mo6os oi}ne ao oihtoZO>>. Tym F8a1t'bl'H.i 8 ny· 6.n,iyucmu1tuo.My (Jyci 8Uc.Mi1oea8 ou?Cicm'b ma niocmynuicm'b .lttOC'ICOBUmie, xomp~ «88a:Heatt, ui1tozo Ujupozo 1te .ltta?Om'b 6 co6i... oouu ua opyzozo 6peute Jt'K ua nca 6e3 copoM.y» i m. a. Tym :Hee 8iu yMicmu8 OAR npu1C.!ta(Jy icmopiw npo 6pami8 060Jte?tCb'KUX, R?Ca Ja coof.M 3M.icmoM 6ill:ouu: nacy6 1tem8epmiu 1tacmuui ?Cuuzu u, eui}no, rpyumy8a.JtaCJL 1w mux ca.Mux iJ:HCepMax npo yap108an'H.R l8aua IV. He3'Ha1t'lii oooam'KU F8a?t'bi"ui 1tQCOM .ltta101n'b oupaaue ny6Aiy,ucmu1tue cnpJtM.y8au'lifl. Y ma'KOMJ Ca.MOMJ oyci, 1J&e U zocmpiuWMJ, 6yAo uanucauo i 3aKiH1leUUJI, AWC1W8C'b'Koi· 1CUU2U xpoHi'KU (C. 81-113 ), Oe, 8pemmi, F 8Q1t'biUi BUCm)lna6 'lie Jl'K 'KO.Mniltflmop, a R'K atJmop opuziuaA'b'Hozo moopy, R'Kuu 1tim'Ko euc..rt08JL10E c8oi· noJLimu'llui no2./l.JlOU. l(e aa?Ciu1te1t'H,Jl, npouuJaue oyxoM. 1ie1ia8ucmi 00 Moc?Co8ii" ma «3Mii"uozo uapooy» - M.oc?Co8umio, R'KUX TeaH'bi.ui OnUCJ6 .RK «6./LROUU· 1JiB», R'K apa0AU8UX, xumpux, 6peXAUBUX i auxux 6oRzyai8 ma ?Cceuoifio6ia ( «npououc8imu, 3Aocmu8i... ueoipui, 6eJcopo.Mui, 6yu01()1t,U~ :Heaoi6ui, 6pu01Ci, ?te.MwwcepoHi, ueuaeucui, M.ejJ3e1mi, ozuoHi, 'llUU.Rm'b zpixu maxi naocyoui, npo .R'Ki copo.~ttHo nucamu» ), ziouUM. Rxux c ixuiu npa8Ume.Jl,'b·mupau ( <c6jJuiJxa MOCK08C'bKa 6ecmift, Komj;a atepoum'b 1tacuu'KOM, y,u6yAe10, zojJi.mw10, nomoM, ui6u JooxAuu Kia'bKa iJuio moMy nee, a py1eu Ata6 nocmiuHo onozaueui xpoa '10 ceoix nioiJanux" ). Ha OJMKY romt'bi"ui, mupaucmeo npurnyn.ll106 oyx uaj;ooy, po6um'b uozo 'HCJOamuwt oo zepol1tnux B'llunxio. Ha niomoejJiJJICewUL Y,oozo ei1t 'naeoiJum'b 1tU3K)' icmopu'~mux npuKAaOi8, nooac camupU1t1iUU o6paa MOCK06· C'b'KUX 80Jl'KiB, .R'Ki i'oym'b ua BiU1t)' zipme cnopRo:HCenWtU, Ui:HC nOA'bC'bKUU Ce.JLR1tu'n,

1.lJO ioe 1«1 RpM.ajHnc; R'Ki no.Mupmom'b 3i cmpa, .xy, no6a'llU8WU e noJLi puyapA Petti flocnoJtumof. ll(o6 UJe Jlc?Cpaoiwe npooeM.oucmpy8amu yeii, Konmpacm, xponicm scin.R:Ko 603Be.AU~)'6 BOR'KW floJL'bCb1Co-Jlumo8Cb'K.Oi" oep. :Heasu, naoooum'b cnpae:Heniu nauezipuK ~ 1tecm-o 2xuix nooouzie. Y no.tt,eM.i1t1WMJ 3anaAi T8an'bi'ni nepe6U'bWJ6, oco6JLU80 ma..M, oe 3 no3U1Jiu peouozo KamoAuxa 6epem'bCJL cyiJumu npo nepeeazu xamoAU1JU3M.J naO npaooc..rtae RM i uaeim'b 80aem'bCR iJo JtaiuLuoux anmunpaeoCAaBUUX ounaoie. Oy,i1i10101tU . . . M.OC'KOBUmZB R'K 80R'Kl8, B'l'H ma1CO:HC neB'Ii010 Mipow cynepe1tum1> caM co6i, 6o 8U1J&e 31taxoou8 Oe.R'Ki no3UmU8Ui MOM.eumu y i'xuiii eiuc'bKoeiu .Maucmepnocmi; Kpi.M mozo, Foau'bi'ni 6ye npuXU.!t'b'liU'KOM RKOZOCb C0103J Mi:HC Pi1t1t10 llocnoAunww ma MoCK08Cb'K010 oep:HCaB010, CKejJOBa'liOZO npomu M.JCJ.IL'hMQ1iC'b1COt azpeci'i. OCKia'bKu Fea'H'bi.Hi auaumoo y PtNi flocnoAumiu C8010 iJpyzy 6am'b'KiB1J&UUJ, 3i 36po610 8 pyxax 8010eae npomu Mocxoeii" o JlioouCbKiu oiuui, mo, npupoouo, ue Mae uiRxux ewtnamiu oo 8ojJoza, mUM. 6ia'buu:, UjO o mou 1taC na MOC'K08C'b'KOM.J npecmOAi CUOiB oaun 3 nau6ia'bUlUX y coimi mupauia. ToM.y nonpu ec10 uozo ynepeoJJCeuicm'b UU31W 3ayeaJ/Cen'b u~oao MoCKOBC'b'KOi" oep:Hea8U, ii' npaeume.AiB ma MOC'KOBUmiB 83aza.n,i 6 OOCmamn'bO o6'6'KmUB1tUM.U. AJiamCbKa oecnomift, KjJuBaea eaxxauaAi.R onpu1tuuuu, ouxicm'b i azpecuenicm'b M.OCKoeumie M.au:Hee oouozoAOC1tO eiiJ31W1laAUCR iHo3e.M'l!,.R.IttU 8 XVI-XVII em., i rean'bi'ui mym 'He 6ye BU'Iiflm'KOM. y OeR'KUX 8unaiJ~eax ein 1weim'b niOCUA?OE KpumuyU3.M Fep6epwmaU1W i OOOa6 BlO ce6e 'KOAopumui iJnnaAi. TaK, onucy101tu o6io .JrtoC'Koeumie nio 'tlaC BiUC'bKOBOZO 120XOO)', Tea'H'bi.ui OO'IZOBH.UB rlle'KC1n Tep6eputmauna maKllMU CAOBa..MU: <c ... (MOCKOBU1llU) X.Jie6tqmo, n 'wm'b Jl1C CBU'H.~ '~tU.Itt i 8dOBO.Il.'b1tJl1011l:bCR 1W Y,eU 'tlQC>> (C. J 7). Tpoxu 'HUJICite roa'Hbi"lli aoaae )'JICC y,iauu a6 3aY,, UjO 1l01tU1ta6m'bCR 3i CJtiB: <<KOAU (MOC'KOBUmu) Ata10mb Jiz'lmuCR 3 eopozo.M, mo no-

C T

'K.IlaiJmombCR 6iAbme na Ki.JLo'Kicmo, 'liiJIC ua .M)'JICHlC1ll'b ceoix HOR'Kie... » i rn. a. XajmxrnejJ1W.At E nioKpeCAemt.R rnozo, UJO oco6.~~-ueo ycniumo eo1010mo npomu MOCKoeumie <<IW./l.RKU 11la JtU11Z6Q» (C. 3 7-38 ). LJ.R iYj•MKG 6yiJe 3'H.a'llHO no6'Hilll£ po31<.puma npu onuci nooiu w1ymu, 3oKpe.Ma no6cmau'H.Jt 6 MoCKei 1606 p., 61W.CAWO'K RKOZO 6y;w 66umo J!JfCeOU.MurnpiR..J. l.Jemeejnna '~tacmuua .AtOC'KOBCoKoi' 'K'IiUzu >.:pm-dxu nuauwc.R T6au.oi.1ti, R'K yJtCe zo6opUAoCR, nepe8aJKuo ua ocuo8i moopy O"teouiJWl onpu'll1-tU'HU AILo6epma m.~~-ixmiuza. Aile 3a'Ki1-t'lleH-'HR 1lem6ejJmoi'1laC?nU1iU, iJe iiiJem'bCR npo nooii' 8io CMepmi 16a1-ta IV no I6IJ p., nuca.JWCR 1-ta niocmaei iumux OJICepe.JL, 'H.acaMnepea 3 oco6ucmo no6a'lleuozo (1-lanjJu'K.!LaiJ, npuZ3iJ A ifiauacm BAaCM6a - ceama Jl:JICeOuMumpm I oo KpaKoea), a maKoJIC pi31WMa1iinmux 'llymox, ceiiJ'lleuo ymiKa'lli8 ma nepe6iJIC'I{U'Ki8, iuoJe.Muux za3em, iurfiopMayii' 8io ounAoMami8 mo-ujo. Tym JtezKo MOJIC1-ta Juaumu noMUAKoei meepo:JICe1-t1-t.Jt F8a1ioi.1-ti, rutyma1iU1-tJ 8 xpo1-tOAOZii' ma iMeuax i m. i1-t. OiJuaK caMe YR 1lacmu1-ta Moc'K06Co'Koi" K1-tuzu cmauo8umo uau6iAouty eapmicmo, omJICe neeunaiJxoeo ii' euiJaea.~~-u O'Kpe.Mo10 K1-tuzo10, 8 moMy 'ltUC.JLi y uiMeyoKoMY ma 'lleC'b'KOMY nepeKAaiJax, UJe y 158215 90 pp. Cnpa6a ue maK y pRoi ii' 'l!,iiLKoM iJocmo8ip1-tux opuziua.~~-onux c6ii)'l{euo (ix1-t10 yi1-t1-ticmo 8U31-tawmo ua8imo pociuco'Ki icmopuKu), 6 y1-ti'KMo1-tUX nopmpemax Jl:JICeiJuMumpiil I, Mapu1-tu M1-tiuteK, A¢auaciJl BAaCoE8a, BacUJLJl lllyuco'KOZO, R'K y moMy, UJO 8 uiu 6yAo cucme.Mamu3o8a1-to 31-ta'l£1-t)' iu¢opMayiw i1-tmux iJJICepe.JL npo Kpu6a6y onpu1{,1-tU1-tJ ?!,apR 16aua, om:JICe, eo1-ta Mae 8e.JLuxy ~iu1-ticmo RX icmopiozpaifii'l£1-ta naM 'Rmxa. X01ta 6 pociuc'bKiu icmopiozpa¢ii' npucym1-ti npuxUJtouuxu iJocmam1-toO xpumu'l£1-tozo noZJ~..RiJy 1-ta iJiR.Jto1-ticmo 16a1-ta W, 601iU 3a6JICOU 6yAu 6 MeUmocmi. OCK.i.JLoxu :JIC leaH rpo3'HUU 6ye JA106.tumUM (nopRiJ 3 IIempoM I) pociiico'KUM MouapxoM CmMi1-ta, mo cmaAiHc'bxuu noz.JL.JtiJ ua yapR-caiJucma 6

miu 1tu i uwuu ifiopMi 6yo iJoAtiuy1fJ1W.M y jJaiJ.R'H.coKi '~tacu, oco6.~~-ueo B 30-50-x poKax XX em. PociucoKa icmojJiozjJaifjiR, .RX iJojJeeoA10'lJ,iiiua, max i paiJRHCbKQ U cy"taC1-ta, oo6pe njJOCRKU)'1na iAtnejJCb'K010, BeAU'KOiJejJJICa8'H010, a 6 Kpauu.ix ifjojJMax 1ia6imo iJJfCuHzoi'cmcoKOJO iiJeoAozic?O, mo.Aty ua nejJutuu rutaU, RK i 8 oyi1l'lji iJifutoUOcmi Dempa /'llU Cma.;tiua, 6UCJOaAUCR MOMeumu, no6 RJaui i3 3G00106aH.1tR.MU 'll)'JICUX 3eMe.JL'b, npu1tO.MJ noAimU'Ka J\10C'K6U '1/,U Dernep6yfJ2a anoAoee1nU3JOaAaCR, il, naenaKu, eiiJeej;mo 3aM061lyr 8aAUC.R aoo JfC OZOA01UJ8aAUCR <<'KAe8emOU» KPU1lJUji paKmU HU1~e1-t1Ut JL100eU, 1-te mi.JLoXU 6 Japy6i:JJCJICi, a u ceoi'x; uuUJe1-t1-t.Jt naM 'Rm01(, A-tamejJifMo'Hoi' ma iJyxo8uoi' XJA'bmypu. F6Q1-toi'1-£i, .RK i i'HULi mOZO'ItaC'Hi MeMyapucmu ma xpoHicmu (Il1Aixmi1-te, WmaiJm, Tay6e, Kpy3e ma iu. ), npoAu8ac c6inuw ua 1&10 cmopiuxy icmopii' MoCK08C'bKOi' oepJJCaeu, pyil1-tyc Mi¢ npo ii'1-ti6umo KJAomypmpezepcmeo, oco6Aueo UJOiJo yxpai'ucoKoeo ii 6iaopycoxoeo uapoiJie. Xpouixa Feauoi.1-ti e eaJIC.JLUB010 na.M R-mXO?O icmopu'l£1-toi· oyMxu, i 6 maKoMy euZJt.RiJi 6ona yiHuizua, HiJIC npocmo 3i6pan'HR opuzi1ia.JL'b1-tUX icmopu'l£1-tUX ¢axmi6. Heeunaihcoeo xpoxixa MMa xaiJ36U1{,auuo ee.JLuKy nonyAAp1-ticmo y uamux npeiJxi8. Bmw 6yAa 1-tanucaua .~~-ezKo, iJocmynuo, ~ixa8o, MicmUAa 'ltUMa/1,0 .M(J.fl,101-£XiB, n.aaui8, xaprn i mOMy crnaAa 1-teoyiueu1-tUM OAA ceozo 'llacy noci61tuxo.M iJA.R BU(J'I{ffi1-tR icmopii' ma eeozpa¢ii' uapoiJie rna xpain L(mmpaao1io-CxiiJWJi' €eponu, a rnaKOJIC i'xuix cyciiJie (MoCKo8coxa iJepJICaea, OcMaucoxa i.MnepiR, CxauiJuuaeiR). Teip Feauoi'1-ti 1-te empamu6 C6oEi' aKmyaAouocmi uuui. ,l(ocum'b exa3amu ua iiozo '!Um6epmy x1-tuzy, iJe po3noeioaemoCR, npo icmopiw Ilpyccii'. Ao.?ICe BJKPai·uCbxiii icmopiozpaifjii" iJo cooeoiJ1-ti 1-tt icuye :JICoiJxoi' (!) npayi, npuceR'~te1-toi' IIpycciZ! Y paiJJLucoiciu icmopiozpa¢ii' npo IIpycci?O, ee.ttuKy Eeponei1Cb'K'J oepxaey, a6o uialozo ?te nucaAu, a6o nucaAu miltoxu noza1U!./!ep31Caea, Ha6KOAO

D C T Jl1COi' y

XIX em. o6'EdnlUiaCJl. niCJl,R, cmoJtirn'b

po3iJpo6.JteHOC'IIli J-li.Me'tl11UU.Q, iJep:JICaBa, Jt'KO. OaJUl3jJa3oK eKOUl)J.ti1t..'ltOZo npo'ljoimmiWl, RKa yCAa8U.fUJ..CJl3WUteuumUM Keuizc6ep:roKUM )'1-lioepcu.:m.emoM i OG./Ul coim)1 f.M..~ttaufilta Kau.rna)

3/tta.A'bOB'JBa.JUlCR. 8U.K/l.10'1t1W 'l(ojJHUMU pap6a.fttU. fljJu1lU1ta ?&'bOZO nOJ!Jl206 J npazueuui KepioUU?tmBa CPCP iiJeMoebmo JtezimUMi3)'Ba· mu a'NeKCi'JO CxiiJu.oi" npycrii' nicJUl l{pyzol" coimoooi" eiii.'H.u (nioHi"t'H)' 1wcmuH)' CxiiJuoi' npyccii" npuEO'Ua.AU ao Pocii' nio 1U136010 KaJiiNiu2jJadC'b'KOi' o6Jzacmi, 3eiiJmu 6yAu BUCPJZf!lti od uiM.y,i, a uaceJZeui nyuxmu 6J'AU nepei'i.AtenooaHi). y oyci crna.lti1lC'b'KUX 'Nacmn:u.oo ITfl)'CCiR 6j'fla ozOAoweua ocepeoKO.ftt MiAimapw.My it azpecii" (i millib'KU max!), o oiJun pR<J cmaou.Auc.R i ua~ucmu, i Hi.MJ?l,!.'b_'Ke, ma BAarne npycco?<e HaCe.Jl..eHUJl peziony n01luHa1<Jtlu 3 XII ern.! Xpouixa 0. Toau'bi"ui y Bu<Jamd 1611 p. C'K./I,OOaEm'bc.JL 3 9, if>axrnU'l(UO 3 10 'KUUZ. OCKi.A'bxu ~.R. 1l)'6Ai'Ka.~i..R. E ocmauuiAt njJu:JICU?nmEBUM aemojJcoxwt eu<Jam-uu.t i iJo rnozo :JIC H.aunoBuiwUM, mo uozo u 6yw ?W'K.ItadeltO e ocH.OB)' nponouoBauozo nepe'I{JtaiJy yxpai"u.C'b1W10 .MOB010. Bpaxoeano u me, 1~0 euoawm. 1611 p. 6yJto uaunOn)'AApuiwuM (J Y1\jJai"ui rna Euwpyci, cCLMe iiozo uau1tae1niwe ewwfJU cmooyoa.tLu eim'l(U3HRUiAimonucy,i ma icnwjm?<u. Mu nDCJL)'ZOB)'BaJIUCR zoAOB'H.UAt '~tUIW.M Kcepo'Konic10 ueJ6epe)f(fuozo npuAtipnun:a xpouixu rna AtixjJoifjiAOAto.tt ii" nom,c'bKoi· (I) 1CUU21.t, JL'K.uii J6ejJiza6moCJl y ffiouiJi 73 9 LWIA YKpai·uu y Kucei ni<J cuz1W1rt)'jJo1o on. 1, cnp. M 25, nwxoJIC o6u,,u.t njJUA-tip~tww•.Mu 3 oiadiA)' cmajJoiJjJ)'xio Ha~iolla.Jlolwi· 6iwtiomr1Cu Y'l{jJCLi.ltu iM. B. I. B(puaiJcbKozo )' Kw:oi. 3a31ta'l(,UMO 1taCW.tKiue1J,o, 1{£0 .Mu ouAte:JICUAUCJl.Ati?li.M,Q/LoUUM uro6xiiJuu.At 1COJott'1lmapeM. /{amu oemaJlo'H.iut.uu KO.Mf1l map 6y11o 6 C1UlQU7lO 3 02.1Lfll};' 1ifl o6AtCJICC1lll'U o6azz ouoaH'H.fl, i 1COMniA.Rmueuu.ii xajJa'K?JU'p xpouiKu. Ta'K, eanoi.ui )' MOC'KOBCo'Kiii K'H.U3i caozo moojJy cnujJaBCJl 31W'~t1WW J•u,~0/0 ua ...Ju nu.cxu

npo Mocx:oeiw~rep6epmmauua, 3BiCm'KU R'K02o o.?ICe '1J)'UmOB1W npo'Ko.~tteumoBtmi n)'6 AixamojJa.Mu naM 'RmKu. ToMy MU .1oepnuuu yea.ry ua ei<JMiuuocmi xpouixu Tflauo"iui niiJ meopy Tep6epumzau.ua. AuaAozi1t1w i 3 iuwu· MU 1C1lUZG.AtU Y,ici" xpouiKU• Bee1, 11U!Kcm :xpoui1eu Tea1toi?d nepeKJI.aaeuo )'Kpai1-u:'b1C010 0. !OjJif.ftt Mu1J,U1CO.ftt. y nepmuwiJi ne-puwi" nOAoewtu i:J.jryzoi" rna mpernool. 'KUU2 6pao )nw.cnt?) ??UJXOJIC <Joy,eum 0Jiez /{RWK. JlarnwWAWBHi ffijmzAte'limu moopy (1eu. I-II, IV-X) nPjJeKAao )'1<jJai"uc'bK010 0Jte?<Ca'Hop KuCJL101(, a 'KUUZU Ill- aoy,enm BoAOOU..,tUp JlurnoWWB, oKpe.Mi ifjjJa2.fttenmu - aoy,e'H.m HarJ2a.JUl, fl)'XM'bcoxa ma npoif>ecop, dO'KrnojJ i.cntofJU'l(,UUX uayx H arnaAA .flxooeuKo. Bu CJLOOA?OEMO noiJR?<J 3a iJP)'JIC'Iii nopaau iJO'KmOpy icmopu'lt'H.UX 1ta)''K, njJOgJecofrY

IA1u'KOJti Kooa.A'bC'b'KOM)''; ao1Cmopy icmopu'lt-

uux unyx BiKnWJJ)' EpeX)'Heli'K)'; KauiJuiJamy icmopu1mux uayK MajJzapumi Wa"tfmu; .1a iJonOAWZ)' )' BUZOnlOBJteUHi .M.iKjJoifhAoAtJ 3 nom.coxoi" xuuzu xponi'Ku 0. Tea'libi"ui- ooKmojJy icmopu1mux 1tay1<, npoifjecojJy TeH1WiJiw EojJRKJ rna dufJeKmOP)' L(l{IA Yn-pai·uu )' Ku coi xallduiJamy icmojJU'l(,'NUX 1W)''K 0A'b3i f\1)'3Utl)'K; 3G dOnO.J,WZ)' 6 KO.fttn '10mRjJ1lOJot)' ua6ojJi 11/RKcmy- cmyoncmy /oany 0{1'£U1£HU1WBJ i JoWJtoiJuw.Aty apxt>ozjJaffiy IYA HAHY hmi Tapacrnn:o. HacaAtKiHt>Yo u,rupo iJR'K)'10 3a ifji11aU(OB)' niiJmjnotK)' 1jOOZO BUiJamUl flO.'l'bC'bKO.If)' btC1111l tll)'11l)' K11U2U, JUiJKJW/JOOHO.lt)' 6;rao:uiJitmo.Hy g)ouoy oivpooJKeuu.R K zueoJ\lo~LuJwcoJ>oi· aKaiJe,uii: a mm•oJic o. leauy lhtKu!fiojJJKJ (EiJ-HoJwwn, K aHaoa) ma BOAoduAtujJ)' i\lltKU1111 lJn)' ()JNinjJoncmpoecb'l{, YKpai·ua). Cnooieac..uoCJl, 11JO )'Kj}([i.ucb1\Wt nepeJUiao :\.jJollil\tt Ioauoi.ni- l/a)f(Jitwozo icmojJU1tHozo dJKtjJr~ta ma na.u JllllKU fajJonei'i.cbKoi· icmojJioZj)(lifiil" X\ '1-.A1 '11 em.- 3/JOUU11l1> ii" 3Jl(l1l/{0 f'l!l)'llllilll(J/0. wumeo njJUzooi Jte mi.ttbl\ll1Ut)'l\08· 'fk<ut, a it uwput...th•·i 'llliiW HbKO.~ty Jaza.ty.

ao-

n c T

TIP:VIlVliTK"YI pow:izcchna.- " 'ars1..aw<t. 1~00 .- '[ 6; \\'iclka <.:nryld<>p(~dia pow..,I.(Thna ilustrO\rana.- \\'arsi'a"·a. l ~)0 1.- T 17; BufUw H ~ Gwagnin I I Polski Slownik Biograliuny.- \\'rodaw- Krakc')w- \\'arS/awa, 1960.- T IXIl.- ZesZ)1. 40.- S. 202-204. Ey:m :ira}.l,Kil npo rmuu;iHi B )"Kpai"HCI."iii icn>piorpaq>ii". )J,Im.: A1llll01lO(IU B. )leKI.~i"i 3 ,l.)KCpe:I03HancTna.- OcTpor; B l>Io-iiopK, 2003.- C. 73 Ta iH. 2) \\)·1v/Ji.\z A.. Alck~<uHkr G\\'agnin i cudl.oJ.iemsry hKhov•cy w hutach ~zkla w Polsce ·w XVII i XVIII\\ icku I I Pr/.cglqd I Iist<>J)'CZny.- \Vars1.awa, 19G7.- T. LVIII.- Zest.. 4.'89-. I, -(j{ s. r.\l -<) 1) 01gcllmmd S.

Enc~·klopcctia

3) Cij111lla C. Lln llaliano nella Polonia c nella SYeJ.ia trail XVl e il XVII secollo. biografiche (97- 11 0).

~otizie

r-.tiscdlanca di storia llaliana.- 'I<>rino, 1887.- T. XXVI.- P. G43-657

GaS.\l'IICflmjJ R. ~<.'UC Urkun<icn ubcr den r\ufcnthalt des Alessandro Guagnini und seiner Familic in Polen I Zei t ~chrif't der I Iistorischcn Gescllschaft fiir die Provinz Posen.- Posen, 1888.- BeL .f.- P. 290-~92 . 5) f.Jucm.Rno6a E. B. <<CKIHj>CKCUI JICropu.H» A. II. Jht:wona 11 Tpy;~bJ nOJihCKIIX UCTOpHKOB X\'-X\'ll B. I/ Tp)'/.l.hl OT~cJia .npcnucpycCI<Oii JIIITepaT)')Jhi. - M.-Jl., 1963.-

T. XIX.

H. n. 3anliCKil conpeMCHHIIKOD KaK IICTOl.IH11KOB no 11CTOp1111 YKpaHHhl BTopoii noJIOBIIHbJ XVI cTolleTJJ.H I I HeKoTopbiC npo6JICMbi co~HaJibH0-3KOHOMH tJCCKoro pa3DIITII51 YCCP.- .ll.HenponeTponci<, 1971.- Bum. 2.- C. 122-123. 7) ,4R'IIOK 0. 0. <<XpoHiKa €BponeiiCbKOI CapMaTii» AlleccaH.ApO rsaHbi"Hi 51K )l.)l(CpCJIO 3 icTopil YKpaiHu XV-XVII cT.: AuTopecp .... .D.HC. KaH.D.. icT. HayK.- ,LI.HinponcTponchK, 1992; ,4R1iOK 0. 0. BHKOp11cTaHH51 <<XpoHiKn EBponei"ICbKOI CapMaTir» .HK Jl.)l(CpeJia }'Kpai"HChKI1Ml1 anTopal\.m XVII-XVIII CT. I I lcTopiorpacpil.IHi Ta .lJ.)l(CpcJI03Haaqi npo6JICMI1 icTopil YKpaiHI1.- ,LI.HinponeTpOBChK, 2003.- C. 224-241. 8) KuR.:rb'K06 10. YKpa11HCKMH xpoHorpacp Kal< 11CT0l.IHI1K no OTCl.ICCTBCHHOH I1CTOpi111: AnTopecp .... .n.nc. KaH)J.. HCT. HayK.- M., 1984. 9) HaMH mKe 6yJIH Bif,naHi KHH:rH 3, 5, 6 i 8, 9(10), qacTKOBO I xpoHiKn fnaHbi"Hi, )l.e i1JUJIOC51 Bi.D.noni.D.HO npo icTopiJO Pyci-YKpaiHM; «IHcpJIRH)J.ii» , T06To JlaTnii Ta EcToHil; «HiMel.IYHHH» 11 CKaH)l.J-lHasil; «TaTapii», Yrop~HH.n, fpc~ii, MoManil, KpaiH EJIH3hKOro Ta Cepc,u.Hboro Cxo~-cy, nepena>KHO OcMaHChKOI iMncpii", llOJib~i. ,LI.Hn.: Mu?&U'K 10. On11c YKpaiHH y xpoHi~i 0JleKcaH,u.pa fnaHhiHi I I BcecniT.- 2000.M 11-12.- C. 116-158; Mu?&u'K 10. On11c EcToHii Ta JlaTnil n xpoHiQi 0. fnaHhiHi I I YKpaiHChKHH apxeorpacpil.IHMH ~opiqHHK (.ll.a.ni- YAIU) .- K., 2001.- B11n. 516.C. 264-305; Mu?!,U?' 10. A. On11c HiMCl.ll.IHHH i cKaHJJ.MHaBchKMX KpaiH y xpoHiQi 0. fnaHhiHi I I fyMaHiTapHMH )l(ypmui.- .li,HinponeTponchK, 2000.- JliTo-ociHh.C. 181 -2 10; rea'H'bi''Hi 0. «XponiKa npo TaTapcbKY 3CMJIIO».- 3anopi)l()K51, 2000; MU?&U'I( 10. A. Oni1C Yrop~11HI1 B xpoHiu,i OJieKCaH,n.pa rsaHbiHi I I y AI.U.- K.- HhloHopK, 2002.- T. 10 (7).- C. 307-339; Tomt'bi'ui 0. XpoHiKa Enponei:ichKOI CapMaTii (MOJl}J.aBCbKa i rypcU.hKa qaCTHHM).- 3anopi)IOK51, 2003.- B11n. 10; l\.1uyuK 10. On11c rpeu.ii yxpoHiU.i 0. fnaHbiHi I I IcTOp11lJHI1H )KypHan.- 2003.- ,Ng 4-5.- c. 1 02-117; Mu?&U'K 10. lcTopHKo-rcorpacpiqHHH on11c lloJII>~i y xpoHiu,i 0. fnaHhiHi I I IcropRtiHHH )f(ypHa.n.- 2004.- NQ 4 ( 1 0) .- C. 73-88; On11c MOJI.llaBChKOro noxo.ll.y K03aKiB 1574 p. n xpoHiQi 0. fBaHbiHi I I fyMaHiTapHHI1 iK)'pHan.- 2005.- OciHb.-M 4 (20).C. 133-140; Mu?&u'K 10. Onuc MocKoBCbKOi .nep)Kann y xpoHiQi 0. fnaHbiHi I I lcTop11lJHJfM >K}'PHaJI.- 2005.- N1 6.- c. 98-115; 2006.- N!! 1.- c. 86-96; N2 2.- c. 117-119; M3.-C.ll4-115;N24.-C. 108-117. 6)

K06MbCKUil

B C T

10) 4Rttmc 0. XpoHicT AneccaH.llpo faaHbiHi I I YAll.\.- K.- Hblo-HopK, 2004.- B~om. 819.C.299. 11) Jl~amo )J. Cot~HHCHIUI wranbHHQCB o Poeom KOHUa XV-XVI neKon KaK HCToput~ec Kuii HCTO't!HMK: ABTOpe<!J .... J.lHC. KaH).l. HCT. HayK.- M., 1993. 12) Kynpauey'b 0. floxOJ.l>KCHHH Ha3BH •<Pycb~~ n «XpoHiui PycbKOi 3CMnh~ OneKcaH.llpa raaHiH}'Ca 31611 poey.- PHM- TopoHTO, 1977. 13) Enciklopedia ltaliani.- Roma, 1949.- T. XVIII.- I~ 8; Bayle P. Dictionnare historique et critique.- Genevo, 1969.- T. VII.- P. 299-300; Dizionario biografico degli Italiani.- Roma, 2003.- P. 90-91; )(Rtt01C 0. 0. XpoHicT AneccaHJ.lpO fnaHbiHi I I YAI.llK. - HbiO·HopK, 2004.- B11n. 819.- C. 309. 14) Bnepme npHnylll.CHHH npo nepe6ynaHH.sl fnaHhiHi Ha YKpaiHi BHCYHYB M. n. KoBa.JihCbKHH (KoeaJI'bcKuu H. Il. l13BCCTHH no ucTopnu 11 reorpa<J>u11 YKpaHHhi XVI aeKa B «XpoHnKe CapMaTHI1 Enponei1cKoi1» AneKCaHJ.lpa fsaHbUHH I I HeKoTopbie npo6JICMbl OTC\iCCTBCHHOH HCTOpHorpa<J>1111 H HCTO\iHHKOBC).lCHH.sl.- ,li,HenponeTpOBCK, 1972.- C. 107-128). 15) Wiszn~ki M. Historia literatury polskiej.- T. 7.- S. 533. 16) JlR-ttoK 0. XpoHicT ... - C. 299. 17) T10MeH'IJ,eB H. 0. «,llHCBHHK JIHa Canerw 1608-1611 rr.» KaK wcTopwqecKHH HCTOt~ HHK I I PoccH.s~ OT 11naHa fpo3Horo J.lO IleTpa BenHKoro.- CI16.- K., 1993.- C. 36. 18) )JR-ttoK 0. XpoHicT ... - C. 315. 19) )JR-ttO'K 0. 0. Apxeorpa¢iH BH.z:(aHb Tnopy A. fsaHbiHi Ta ¢parMCHTiB 3 HbOro I I )lHinponeTpOBCbKHM icTOpHKO·apxeorpa¢iliHHH 36ipHHK.- ,li,HinponeTpOBCbK, 2001.- C. 302. 20) JliTeparypy 3 QbOrO mnaHHH YBaJKHO npoaHCiJii3yBaB 0. 0. )lH"'OK y CTaTTi: Ilpo6neMa asTopcTsa «Om.rcy €BporreikhKOi CapMaTii» n icTopiorpa<J>ii I I OcHrHCHHH icTopii. 36ipHHK HayKOBHX npaub Ha nomaH}' npo<f.>ecopa MHKOJIH IlasnOBH'tla KoBaJibChKoro 3 Haro.nH 70-piq't!H.- OcTpor - HbiO-HopK, 1999.- C. 251-262. HHHi QIO npo6neMY po3rJIHH}'B noJJbCbKHH icTopHK JIH IOpKeBHli, nKHH Ha Mbtmapo.nHiH KOH¢epeHI.d i y BillbHIOci (7-9.04.2005) BHcTynHB 3 AOnoBi.llAIO «fBaHhiHi 't!H CTpH"WKOBCbKHi1? KinbKa 3ayaar AO .llHCKyci'i HaA anTopcTBOM "Sarmatiae Europeae Descriptio" (1578)». 21) Str)'jkowski M. Kronika polska, litewska, zm6dzka i wszystkiej Rusi.- Kr6lewiec, 1582. iliA TaKOIO Ha3BOIO un xpoHiKa 6yJia nepenn,AaHa .llBOTOMHHKOM y Bapmani y 1846 p., i 3 TOrO qacy HC po6HJIOC.sl crrpo6 aKa.z:(CMi'tiHOI'O BH)J.aHH.R II opHriHaJibHOrO TCI<Cry. 22) Stryjkowski M. 0 pocz'l_tkach, wywodach, dzielnosciach, sprawach rycerskich i domowych slawnego narodu litewskiego, :Zemoidskiego i ruskiego, przedtym nigdy od i:adnego ani kuszone, ani opisane, z natchnienia Bo:Zego a uprzejmie pilnego doswiadczenia.- Warszawa, 1978. 23) /{RttOK 0. XpoHiKa ... - C. 318. 24) J/R'ItO'K 0. XpoHiKa ... - C. 317; J/R'ItOK 0. 0. ApxeorpacpiH ... - C. 307. 25) IlonHirne icTopiiO BJ1AaHb xpoHiKJ1 fnan~IHi a6o II tiaCTHH AHB. y CTaTTi: /{R'ItO'K 0. 0. Apxeorpaq>i.R ... - C. 304. 26) npHMipH11K l(bOro 36ipHIU<a 36epira€TbC11 y ni).l.z:(iJli CTapo.npyKiB HauioHaJibHOI 6i6JiioTeKH YKpaiHH iM. B. I. BepHaACI>Koro ni)J. cHrHarypoiO IH-18. 27) /{Jt'40'K 0. 0. ApxeorpacpiH ... - C. 304. 28) Ha >KaJib, 3HHK npHMipHHK, U\O 36epiranc.R n IHCTJ1TYTi niTeparypu HAH YKpaiHH, KcepoKoniiO 3 sJKoro 6yJio HaMH BHKopncTaHo np11 nepeKJJa;J.i xpoHiKu. Mn crrnpanHCH TaKO:>K Ha npHMipHiiK, KOTp111'1: 36epira€TbC.R y UiJU(iJii CTapoApyKiB HaQiOHaJibHOI 6i6niOTCKI-f YKpaiHH iM. B. I. BepHaJJ.Cbi<Oro y KH€Bi ni)J. CHrHarypoiO IH-545, RKUH Mae nee )I< nenHi .ne<}>eKTH (6paK rrepe.llMOBH HacaMnepe.ll.). IHwHii npHMipHHK u~>oro

B C T

BiMiJJy (JH-87-a) € HenOBHI1M, OCKiJibKI1 y HbOM)' ni.IJ:C}'TIUI KHnra 9-10, 3HatJHi ~)par MeHTif KH. 1 TOnto. TaM )KC MmJma 3Hai1Tn i nepctm~aHIUI Hhoro Tnopy, 31\iticHeHe y XVIII cT. nonbChKlfM npocaiTHTeJJeM <l>paHI..\iWKOM l3oroMOJJhi..J.CM (cHrHarypa IH-87); iTanitiChKI-111 nepeKJI<tA xpoHiKH 3i 36ipmtKa PaMyJio (IH-18) i JJaTI1HOMOBHe In1.D.aHH51 1578 p. (IH-273). KpiM Toro, ute ,D.Ba npHMipHl1KH BH,D.aHH51 1611 p. 36epiraJOTbCSI y l.UI.IA YKpaiHn y KHEBi: . 739.- On. 1.- NQ 25; <D. 257.- On. 1.- NQ 127, npH'JOMY nepwm1 3 HHX 6ya miKOpHcTaHHM HaMH 6e3nocepel\HhO, oco6n11no nepe,D.Mona Ta nOJJhCbKa qacTuHa. ,ll11a.: KaTanor cTapo.D.pyKin UeHTpanbHOro ,D.ep>KaBHoro icTopH'JHoro apxiny aM. KH€ni.- K., 1999.- C. 33-34. llp11MipH111<11 BH,lJ.aHH.SJ. 1611 p. € i u HaYKOBHX 6i6JJioTeKax Jlbaona, HanpnKJJa,u y 6i6nioTCI..\i Jlbnincbi<Oro YH-T)' ni,D. CHrHarypOio 42040III. 29) l.J,SI KHHra no'JHHaEThC.SJ. .SJ.K ,lJ.ea'.SJ.Ta, ane np11 nepexo.D.i .lJ.O yropcbKOI II qacTHHH H)'Mepal..\iiO 3MiHeHo 3 IX Ha X. 30) Wiszniewski M. Historya literatury polskiej.- Krakow, 1845.- T. VII.- S. 534-535; Ulewicz T. Sarmacja. Studium z problematyki slowianskiej XV i XVI w.- Krakow, 1950.- S. 118. 31) Bielski M. Kronika wszystkiego swiata.- Krakow, 1564; lkones ksi~z~t i krolow pol skich ks. Jana Gluchowskiego.- Wroclaw - Warszawa- Krakow - Gdansk, 1979. .ll.11a. TaKO)K: Bielski M. 0 Skanderbegu Macedonie albanskim ksiCl_z~ciu.- Warszawa, 1961. 32) ,4R'It01C 0. Apxeorpa<Pi.SJ. ...- C. 306. 33) GwagninA. Kronika ....- Krakow, 1611.- S. 98, 104, 125; lkones ...- S 83, 85, 93. 34) Ha <PaKT Uboro 3ano3WICHH.SJ. nepw11M BKaaaa M. fpyweBChKHH. BiH )KC si,D.3Ha'-IHB, U{O OnOBi.D.aHH.SJ. fyCTHHCbKOrO JiiTOnl1CY npo nO\.IaTOK K03ai..\TBa 6y110 CKJia)J.CHO Ha ni)J.cTaai o6ox onoai,lJ.aHb- i EEJihCbKoro, i faaHbiHi (TpyweBCb'KUU M. C. lcTopi.SI. YKpaiHH-Pycu.- K., 1995.- T. 7.- C. 68, 563-564.). 35) /JR'ItO'K 0. 0. Apxeorpa<Pi.SJ. ... - C. 307. 36) «BeJIHKa.SJ. xpoHJ1Ka» o llonbwe, PycH H 11x coce,D..SJ.X XI-XIII an.- M., 1987. 37) Cynarski S. Sarmatyzm - ideologia i styl zycia II Polska XVII wieku. Panstwo- spoleczenstwo- kultura- Warszawa, 1977.- S 248-253. 38)/JR'ItO'K 0. 0. Apxeorpa<PiR ... - C. 308-310. 39) Eop'l!Ja'K I. YKpaiHa a niTeparypi 3axi,D.Hol €apon11.- K., 2000.- C. 82. 40) JlUM01i06 10. A. KyJihT)'pHbie CB.SJ.311 Pocc1111 c espone:HcKHMH cTpaHaMii a XV-XVII seKax.- 11., 1978.- C. 200-208, 230. 41) Spieralski z.·Kampania Obertyilska 1531 roku.- Warszawa, 1962.- S. 8-9. 42) Starowolski S. Polska albo opisanie polozenia Krolestwa Polskiego.- Krakow, 1976. 43) Zbior dziejopisow polskich.- Warszawa, 1768.- T. 4; EoroMoJie~h ony6niK}'BaB 3 ,D.e.SJ.KHMH CKOpO'JeHH.SJ.MI1 BM)J.aHH.SJ. xpoHiKl1 1611 p., aJie 6e3 MaJIIOHKiB Ta KOMeHTapiB. TaK caMo B'-111Hl1B TypoacbKHH, 51Kl1M o6Me>KHBC.SJ. rry6niKauieJO Ti.nbKH Tpbox nepw11x qacTHH Tnopy faaHbiHi: Z kroniki Sannacyi Europskiej Alexandra Gwagnina z Werony.Krakow, 1860. 44) Guagnini A . Vita despothi principis Moldaviae.- Bucures~ 1938. 45) F6a1t'bU1tUA. 0nHcaHJ1C MocKOBMM.- M., 1997. MocKOBCbKa KH11ra xpoHiKl1 rnaHbiHi nepeBJ1)J.aaanacR s Pocil i JiaTHHOIO (A. CTap'-IeBCbKHM), i B pociiiChKHX nepeKJI~ax nOBHiCTIO a6o qaCTKOBO (I. QapcbKJ1H, B. nacceK, M. n. AneKC€€8 Ta iH.). 46) «C60pHHK MaTepMaJIOB )J.JIR HCTOpHtieCKOH TOnorpa<lJH11 K11eaa 11 ero OKpecrHOCTeH» (K., 1874) Ta <<BHTe6cKa.SJ. cTap11Ha» (BHTe6cK, 1885.- T. 4). OcTaHH€ 6yno ni~rOTOB neHe ai.D.OM11M 6i.nopycbKHM apxeorpa<!JoM A. CanyHOB11M. 47) «XpoHiKa 3eMJii PychKoi (YKpaiHcbKoi).- E,li.MoHTOH, 1969. 49) ,llus.: ,l(R"tO'K 0. A. AHan113 pyKonHCHbiX nepeso~on «XpoHHKH EaponeiicKoH CapMaTlfl1» A. fsaHbl1HH Ha pyccKHii " yt<paHHCKl1H .SJ.3biKM I I 11cCJie,noaaHHSI no ucTopuo-

rpacJmu u MCTOttHUKOBe )~emuo oTclJecTneHHOH HCTop•nt XVI-XX nn.- )lHenponcTposcK, 1990.19-3]; )/(umcuu H. KpaTKIIC CUC/{CHIHJ () p)'KOni1C.SIX UcHTpaJJbHOM Hfl)''llHoii 6u6nnoTeKH XapbKOBCiwro rocy.D.apcrncHHoro ym.mepcuTe-ra 11M. A.M. fophKOro I I TpyAbl oTj\eJia.D.penHepyccKoi1 JIHTepaT)'pbl.- M.-11., 1953.T. IX.- C. 472.- N~ 60. rli.D. CI1rHaTypmo 194/C. TaM 36cpira€ThCH, JoKpeMa, ncpeKJJa.n TaTapCbKOI, MOCKOBChKOI, JlliTOBCLKOI i nOJibCbKOI KHIIf xpoHiKH fnaHLIHi BH)l.aHH.SI 1611 p. 49) Hal.\iOHaJII>Ha 6i6nioTeKa YKpai'Hn iM. B. I. BepHaJJ.CuKoro. lHCTHT}'T pyKom1cy.J\IQ IH-545. 50) UlliA YKpaiH11 y KH€Bi: <P. 739.- On. 1.- N!! 25; <1>. 257.- On. 1.- M 127. DoHa.n 20 npHMipHnKi8 pi3HJ1X Bl1/l.:tHb xpoHil<l1 fBaHbiHi Mil BIUlBilJIJ1 TiJibKJf )' TpbOX 6i6JiioTCKaX Bapwanu (HaQiOHaJJLHa 6i6JiioTei<a; Ei6nioTei<a BaprnanchKoro yHinepcHTery) i KpaKona (Ei6JiioTeKa YapTop1111CLKHx). 51) Kaj)pelerA. Ivan Groznyj im Spiegel der auslandischen Druckschriftcn seiner Zeit. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des wcstlichen Russlandbildes.- Frankfurt-am-Mein, 1972.- S. 54. 52) Bi6nioTeKa AKa.D.eMil HayK y DeTep6yp3i.- BiMiJI pyKonncin.- N!! 4. 7 .25.- ApK. 334 3B., 362-363. )].1m. Tai<O)l{: Omt~caHMe pyKonHcHoro OTJJ.eJieHH.SI 6M6JJHoTeKH AKa.D.eMHH Ha}'K CCCP.- JleHHHrpa.n., 1930.- Y. 1. PyKonHcH.- T. 3.- Bum. 1.- C. 19-20. ~ei1 ¢parMeHT ony6niKonaHo HaMM: Mu?J,U?< !0. lcTopiH K111DcbKOI Pyci y BMCBiTJieHHi yKpaiHCbKHX niTonHCI.\iB XVII cT. CeMeHa faJI)'roncLKoro Ta .HHa EiHDinucbKOro I I DHceMHiCTb Kn113CbKOI Pyci i craHOBJICHHH yKpaiHCbKOI JiiTepaT)'p11.- K., 1988.- C. 231. 53) 3. KomiCTeHChK11I1 6ya anTopoM He TiJibKI1 3HaMeHMTOI «DaniHo.D.il», a i1 fycTHHCbKOro JiiTOIIMC)'. 0611)l.Bi naM '.SITK11 Bl1HBJI.SIIOTb neB H)' TCKCT)'a.TlbHY 3aJIC)KHiCTb Bi)l. xpoHiKii fnaHbiHi . TaK, B «lla.TiiHO.ll,ii» raaHbiHi BMC'ryna€ RK 6e33anepe~Huii aDTopnTeT, Ha .HKHM nOCMJia€TbCH Koni1CTeHCbK11M )J.JlH CTBep.ll,)l{CHH.H CBO€l npaBOTI1, HK-QT: «A.SlK.ll,OBO)l.TOrO, 1!1)1{ BCi Ml·iTpOIIOJIMTOBe KHCBCKHII OT naTpnapxoB KOHCTaHTIIHOIIOJICKMX XHpOTOHHIO 6panu 11 TOM)' nO)J.JlCra.TIH, nOKJia)l.aiO CBi.ll,OI.\TBO 3 "J1cT0p1111" AncKCaH.ll,pa faarmtHa, Kpoi1HilKapa, XOTHi1 He HalllCHLlCpl<BC, KOTOp11It 3 JiiTOnJ1CI.\CB pocKHX Han Mean TbiMH CJIOBbi. .. » (PyccKaH I1CTopM"leCKaH 6H6naoTeKa.- CD6., 1878.T. 4.- r1aM.SITHIIKI1 noneMJ1l.JCCKotr JII1Teparypbt n 3amt.n.Hoii Pyc11.- C. 1032- 1033). Bruma TBOpy raaHbiHi Ha fycTMHCbKHl1 JiiTonac npocTe:>KifB 0. )l.SI'llOK (J[fl-llOK 0. 0. Po6oTa ai3TOpa f )'CTI!iHCbKOrO JiiT0m1cy 3 HapaTHilaMH iH03CMHOrO nOXO):l.)KCHH.Sl (Ha npuKJia;:J.i ''XpoHiKI1 €BponeikbKOI CapMaTi'i» A. fnaHbiHi I I .l(HinponeTponcuKuif icTopHKo-apxeorpaq>it.JHHii J6ipHHK.- )l.HinponeTponChK, 1997.- Bnn. 1. Ha nomaHy npo<Jlecopa MHKOJIH DaBJIOBH'lla Koua.JII,cbt<oro.- C. 146-156). 54) CoifJmtOfJU1(, <1>. XpoHiKa 3 JiiTom1CI.J.in cTapo,ll.aDHix.- K., 1992. Y ncTymiiii cTaTTi .no ny6niKal.\ii' TCKCT)' «Kpo{miKI1» Co<jJoHOBIIt.Ja HaMil 6y11o npocTe.IKCHO nnJJHB Ha Hei TBOp)' fBaHbiHi. ll.J.e 6iJibllJI1M U)'U BnJIIIB OCTaHHl>OrO Ha 1<0!\lllili.SII.\ii TiaHTCJICtlMOHa KoxaHOBChKOro «XpoHorpaq>» ( 1681) i «OGmnpmul CHHonc11 c pychlotlr» (1682), 30KpeMa, /1.0 CKJiaJJ,)' «00UJ11pHOrO CIIHOIICI1C)' ... » HKJIIO'-ICHO nepeKJia;~ MOCKOBCbKOI KHHrl1 xpouiim rnaHbiHi 1611 P· IH1}J.<lHHH. 55) llepeKJia}J. iCTOpiiKO-reorpa<jJit.JHOrO onucy MocKonil 3 xpoHiKI1 rnaHbiHi 0)'8 3JI.ii'teHeHI111 eKoHOMOM KJI€Bo-Dc t.Icpcbi<ol JianpH DaHTCJIClrMOHOM KoxaHOBCbKI1l\l i nMiu~e Hml y CKJia.u,i iioro «06umpHoro CH Honcncy pycLI<OrO» ( 1682 p) ., m.o 36epira€ThCR y niMiJii pyKom1cin ,ll,ep>I<aniw'i ny6Jii~110.i 6i6JiioTeKH Poci"i i!\t. M. €. CaJITI1KOBa-1Ue;~piHa y 0eTcp6yp:3i ni.n cHrHarypmo EIV215. 56) )lim., HanpuKJia,n, iioro KHIIrn: <<MeciH npan/1.I1BIIii>• (K., 1GG9.- ApK. 386 3n.), y KOTpiii € 3an03l1lJCHH.S1 npo no;~i¥1598 p., UIII(Jla)J,CHi )' P}"CbKiH '-IaCTIIlli xpouiKIJ rnaHhiHi; TaKO)l{ «He6o Honoe».- Jlbnin. J665.- ApK. 54-55, JJ.C € BHTHrn i3 r.napc~>Kol ~aCTIIIIII.

57) Be.JiuttKo C. JliTonuc.- K., 1991.- T. 1.- C. 38, 39, 41. Benwn<a 3aQiKaBHJIH B nepwy ~epry 3BicTKII fnaHbiHi npo no~aTKn K03ai.tTna Ta npo Koponn Bna.nucnana II- pycuHa no MaTepi, npo yrncKJi pycHHin-yKpaiHQin 3 6oKy TIOJibl.l.\i no..mHarot.m 3 1333 p., T06To 3 MOMeJHY 3anoronaHHjJ KaJHMHpOM III fanHQI..KOi .n.ep)f(anu. 58) rp)'UleBC'bXUU .M. lcTopijJ yKpaiHCbKOI JiiTepaT)'pH.- K., 1995.- T. 6.327. 59) Tipo Qe ii.n,eTbCjJ B HarnoMy KOMeHTapi .n.o DH.n,aHH.H Tnopy llH3JIOBa: Jht3JWB A. CKmpcKaSI HCTOplut.- M., 1990. ~a )l(aJib, Hallia CT3TTjJ, npHCBSiqeHa BnJIHBY nOJibCbKOI iCTOpiorpacpii Ha TBip JlHJJIOBa, He nOTpanHJia .LJ;O OCTaTO~HOfO TCKCTY BH,li;3HHjJ, a CTHCJii JI.aHi npo 33ll03HqeHHJI JlHJJIOBHM 3 xpoHiKH fnaHbiHi (iJ 333HaqeHHSIM KOHKpCTHIIX CTOpiHOK Ta apKytiiiB) y BH.LJ;aHHi llOTpamfJIH ,li;O ~aCTHHH, JIKY ynopSIJI.KOByBaB A. Eor,naHOB, i3 BKa3iBKOIO i1oro npi3nHuJ,a (JhtJJLoe A. CKHcpcKaSI HCTOpHSI ... - C. 476). 60) «Occo;IiHeyM» (Bpol.l,liaa).- BiMiJI pyKonHcia.- ,N'Q 1888 II. 61) .HreJIJIOHChKa 6i6nioTeKa (KpaKia).- BiMiJI pyKonHciB.- ,N'Q 3545. U.iKaao, 1.1.\0 Heai.n.oMHM a aTop QiEi naM 'SITKH DBa)l(aB, mo He fnaHbiHi npHBJiaCHHB TBip CTpHMKOBChKoro, a HasnaKH. 62) ,l(ua.: Katalog r~kopis6w. Seria III. Zbiory Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamojskiej.- Warszawa, 1991.- S. 267.- .N2 915. Tipo fnaHbiHi 3 noxaanoro nHcanH TaKi icTopHKH XVIII cT., .RK H. Eypxap.u;, <P. 0. MeiiHeKe: Biblioteka Virorum militio.- Lipsiae, 1784.- S. 225-227. 63) Kappeler A. Ivan Groznyj ...- Frankfurt-am-Mein, 1972. . 64) HaQiOHaJibHa 6i6JiioTeKa YKpaiHH y KHEBi.- Bi.n..nin cTapo.n.pYKiB.- IH-397. (Kromer M. 0 sprawach ... koronnych polskich.- Krakow, 1611). 65) KHira )KbiQiii i xa_n)KeHHSIY.- MiHCK, 1994.- C. 207, 261, 309-310. 66) Kromer M. Polska.- Pojezierze- Osztyn, 1977. 67)TaM CaMO.- C. 182-185. 68) Kappeler A. Ivan Groznyj ...- Frankfurt-am-Mein, 1972. 69) Ko3.1LOBa AneKcaHJI.p fsaHhHHH H ero coqHHCHHSI I I rean'bU'H,U A. OnHCaHHe MocKOBHH.- M., 1997.- C. 7. 70) ,.Uua.: rpaJlfl H. HaaH MHX3MJIOB BHCKOBaTbiM.- M., 1994.- c. 384- 387. 71) Ko3Aoear. AJieKcaH,np raaHbHHH ... - c. 7. 72) 3a3HaqHMO TaKO)K, ll.I,O raaHbiHi B)KHBaE CJIOBO «MOCKB3» ,lJ;JISI H33BH i MocKOBCbKOi .n.ep)KaBH, i ri CTOJIIUJ,i, a HaiiqacTime li.JISI ll03HaqeHHSI II Hapo.zzy. ll(o6 YHHKHfl'H rmyT3HHHH, MH nepeKJiaJIH CJIOBO «MOCKB3» (KOJIH U.C y faaHbiHi- HapOJI.) CJIOBOM «MOCKOBHTH». MH JIHIIIC KOpOTKO Bi.ll,JHaqHMO HenocJiiJI.OBHiCTb i WI}'T3HHHY y B)KHBa.HHi TepMiHiB «pycb» Ta llOXiJI.HHX Bi.n, HbOfO ( «pycbKHH», TOI.l.\0) M «MOCKB3» ( «MOCKOBCbKHM»). RKI.l.\0 B iHlliHX CBOIX KHHrax raaHbiHi € 6iJibiii-MCHIII ToqHHM i H33HB3€ PycciO YKpaiey Ta Ei.ny Pycb, a MocKoaiero- Poci10, TO 'IJ'T ni~ BnJIHBOM TBopy fep6epniTafiHa BiH ~i .ll,Ba llOHSITTSI nocTiMHO 3Mimye. r. r . K03JIOBa fTOqHIO€, 1.1.\0 ni.n. EiJIOIO PycCIO raaHbiHi Ma€ Ha yna3i HaCaMnepe.n. CMOJlCHI.l.\HHY·

r. r. r.

KRONIKA Sarmacyey Europfkiey, W KTOREY SIE ZAMYKA krolefiwo Polflde zewfzyll:kiemi Panfiwy, Xidl:wy, y Prowincyami fwcmi: cudZiei tei W ielkie Xiefiwo Lithcw: Rufkie, Prufkie, Zmudzkie, Inflandkie, Molkiewflcie,

y czesc Tat~row.

l'rttS At:EXANDRA GwAGNINA ~ !PtflnJ, HrJ~it pal..cu Laltranflritgo' RJCtTSa pa{o1rlantgD,, Rol~t~iPrsJ lt!,D K. M. PitntJ~ Roku 1J 71. po LJiinit 1VJdJ""· A lm1s SAJ ~ b'!JC}{'VIitni~mlych Krololtl. borych t11 LUi!JflciiJ nk,Jft: 7'-. ,/jirs luC'lt/llv,PAnPHJJnjuf, iitm, 1 ProHJinciJ ku ltJ Siltm4CJt)

.~rvlrgljch: iako Gucyry,/irm S/oJIJidJjkich,JPoi~JffJ,Pi.nonitJ, Bohtmity, GtrmAnirJ ,DanitJ,SI1rltqry,GtJf]t1,&c. fr&tJ It~IS Art.Jhmi z 111itlktJpilnoici4 Ro.JdjiafJmi nA X. Kiit~g bociMchnost/Jr4nll: fUf prJrZMA RC 1 NAPA s z K o wsJCI B Go

sJfltirJnirm Auth~row)m ~LUinftirgo nJPoljldtprJdo•

W KRAKOWIE,

wDrukarniey Mikofaia Loba, Roku P~nlkiego I

6 II.

XPOHIKA €BPOTIEHChKOI CAPMATII, y 1(9mpiu JHazyiJumr,c.n. 9To.lli1Cbl\? 1(9poRi8cm8o Ji 8ciJ.ta (}ep:HCa8a.Mu, 1(H.51.Ji/Jcm/Ja.Mu i c8oi.Jrtu npo8iHgiJl..MU. !JJ[ym ma1(9JK 'Be.llu'(!. 1(H.51.Ji8cm8o .9lumo8c&K_?, PycbK_?, 9Tpyccb1(?, :>ICM.y()cr,~, !H.tjJl.5l.MCb1(?, :Moc1(98co~ u ttacmuH.a mamap. 'Bwaua cnuw.mi(JJ JZamuH.OlO y 1578 pogi 0Jt.e1(caHiJpo.M !T8aH.biH.i J 'Bepouu, zpatjo.M .9lamepaHC&1(9ZO nMagy, nacoiJaH.u.M pugape.M i pomM.icmpo.M ilozo 1(9poJt.iiJcv1(9i .Mocmi, a menep J iJoaa8aH.11.Jl..M mutt 1\.9· poJt.iiJ, 1(pmputt y Jt.amuH.Cb1(fJ.My IJu()aH.ui 11-e.Ma. 91Tym JKe 1(9po.lli8cm8, iJepJrCaB, ocmpo8i/J, Je.Me.llb CIWIJ'.n.H.cbi(U"V %oJt.aa8ii: 9TaH.uonii, 'Eoze.Mii, :J-fwe'l'WH.u, fJJaH.ii, 'llf8ey,ii, !Tomii i m. a. CmapaH.11.Jl..MU y,r,ozo JrC a8mopa J 8eJt.U1(JJ10 y8azo10 J Jt.amuHCb1(9Zo na nOJl.bCb1(JlU nepe1(!LaaeH.a, pOJOiJz.eH.a H.a iJeCJl.mb I(HUZ, 1(opomenb1(9 Ji6paua.

3 OO,WIKOIO Ta npHBiJie€M HOro KOpOJii8CbKOl MOCTi.

HA fEPB, HA3BAHI1H «PMBAH»

HeiJ(lJlRJ(O 6y.fl,u pyco'ICUX 'K'HJL3ie iJea eiucoxa, Ha 'Kompi nOA'bC'b'Ki noA'Ku eunaiJ'Koeo uampanUJLu. Pu?&apJi, UJ,O uozo nomi.M 6yAo uaseauo PaiJeau, EyJw aauo nOA'bC'b'KO.MJ BiU£'b1CJ 3a pom.Micmpa. H ami, C1Ca3aButU «Eoz 3 1-lll.MU»' ao pyci .R'IC nOM'tlam'b PI BeJlU'tleJui PYC'b'Ki eiuco'Ka 3 mpicxoM .R'K poJiJae.!Lflm'b. Y 'l&'bOMY 'tlaci uecmame'tlui noM'tl(].J/,U e iumuu 6i'K, Bo'Jiu empamUJlu MJ'JIC1i6 cep?&e, MY'JIC1i10 cUily. Ey.1w e6umo xopyH'JICOZO, empamUAu uopozey, llo.ll.Ruu 'Jia pi31ii MiC?pl po3cmynUAUC.R. PaiJeau R'KuaumeuiJme 3uaumoemuC'b, uopozey 3 uocmooJLy Cxonue i mym 'JICe CB06 pu'l&apcmeo ao 'Kynu C'JCJLU'KaB. Bo'Jiu po36UAu BeJLU'Ki eopo'JICi eiuC'bxa I 3 1J&aCJLueow nepe.Mozow HaJaiJ nooepHyJLuCJi. KopoJL'b 3 paiJicm10 npueimae MJ:JIC1-t'bozo pom.Aticmpa, 06iJapyeae ~UJit 'JUl,eU'JioiJoM uozo i uozo 1ia1J&aiJ'Kie, Kompi u iJo ~ux 'tlacie ma'K y ceoi·u C.llaei xoiJRmo, II.(o ixui 'KO'I-li y nozaHC'bKiii Kpoei no xoAiua 6poiJRm'b. I I

(c. 3 nepeiJ.Moou)

.HCHOBEJihMO)I(HOMY IIAHY v HOrO MOCTh IIAHY MHKOJIA€BI 3Eli)I(M~OBCbKOMY 13 3Eli)I(II,U:OBMD;b, BO€BO,U:I TA rEHEPAJIOBI KPAKIBCbKOMY, CHHTMHCbKOMY iT. ,a;. CTAPOCTI, MO€MY MOCTHBOMY IIAHY I ,ll;OBPO,ll;I€BI

D .

aK .n;osro npo)KMBli.IM y QHX KpaiHax Enponei1cbKoi CapMaTii, H nee csoE cTapaHHH y cnpasax pHQapcbKHX o6epiJYB .ZJ.O noc.nyr Peqi IlocrrOJIMTOI KOpOHHOI, HCHOBeJibMO)KHHH i MOCTMBMH naHe, HiKOJIM He .n,6aB npo BJiaCHY KOpMCTh, aJie npo 't.leCTb snacHy i Peqi IlocrrOJIMTol. A Qe qacTo .n.oso,n;MB B pi3HHX Micu;.Hx B pi3HHX noxo.n;ax npoTH cyci.n;Hix soporis KopoHH, HK-OT: B IH4>JI»H.ZJ.ii, y MoJI.n;asii, y MocKosii, oco6JIHBO To.n;i, KOJIH BeJIHKe KHH3iBCTBO JlHTOBCbKe 6y11o B TH.iKKOM}' CTaHi qepe3 BiHHH Ta Hana.n;M Bi.n; BeJIHKOrO KH.H3H MOCKOBCbKOro; TaM, y BiTe6ChKOM}' 3aMK}', Iu;O p03Tali.IOBaHHH 6iJIH MOCKOBCbKOrO KOp,li;OHY, .H npOTHrOM 18 poKiB 6ys poTMiCTpOM i BJia.n.y, ,n;aHy MeHi, HKHai:fJiiniile CTapaHHO 3aCTOCOBysas; .H l..(iJIKOM Ta llOBHicTIO 36epir csoro sipHiCTb, a Piq IIocnoJIHTa KopoHHa 3Qboro MaJia ri.n;HiCTb i HaJie)KHe Micu;e. 3aB,n.HKI1 Be.JIHKOMY ,li;OCBi,n;y H BHB't.IHB MOBy, 3BH't.lai, Bt.IHHKH i npasa KOpOHHi, a npo p03TamysaHHH BciX KpaiH €BpOneHCbKOJ CapMaTii H ni3HaB rrepeBa)KHO 3 nnacHoro .n.ocsi.n;y i no6a't.IHB if oro BJiaCHHMH O't.laMH. IloriM, ypHBaiO't.IH Tpoxw qacy B~ nocriH:HHX MapCOBHX irop, TaKO)K i Terrep, B~llOt.IHBiliH B~ Tpy,n;iB i 3BH't.IHHX IliTYK BO€HHHX, Ha6JIM)KaJOqMCb )1;0 TOrO nopry, .ll;O KOTporo KO)KeH 3 HaC llOBHHeH rrpMHTM, H BMpilliHB 3aJIMliJHTM riO C06i .HK}'Cb naM'.HTK}' CHHaM KOpOHHMM, pi3HOrO CTaHY JIIO.n,HM, OC06JIHBO )K pHu;apCbKMM, Ha 3HaK BTiJieHOI JII060Bi i 3Ha't.IHoro 6a)KaHHH. ToM}' H Hanucas KopoTeHhKe 3i6paHHH cnpas CBiry, ri.ZJ.HMX Bi,li;OMOCTi, BBaJKaH, Bi.ZJ. CaMOrO riO"'aTK}' l..(bOrO 3Ha't.IHOrO KoponiscTBa, Harrwcas npo ,AaBHIO C.Jiasy, rrpo B't.IMHKH Ta aswqai, npo npasa Ta BOJibHOCTi, npo M)')KHicTbTa,AiHHHH, npo iHmi pwu;apCbKi crrpa· BH rpoM~HH KopoHHMX QiEi Peqi llocnoJIMToi. TYT )Ke i npo cnpasH Ta

KHHfA I npo po3MHO)KeHHH I I (c. 4 nepe,n;Mosu) Hapo~is, ~ep)KaB Ta npo· siHL\ii:i, HKi HaJie)KaTb ,n;o TioJihCbKoro KoponincTna, spewTi npo poaTa· mysaHHH scix THX KpaiH, KOTpi MicTHTb y co6i EBponeiichKa CapMaTiH, >KOBHipCbKHM nepOM CTapaHHO 3a.LzyMaB p03llOBicTM. 0DKe, .R He Mir BI1CJIOBHTI1 I<pame, Hi)l( TaKHM '1I1HOM, JII060Bi MO€I JzyWi ~0 Ui€i lllJIH· xeTHOi Pe'1i nocnOJIHTOI. 3a,rv~H Hel H He WKO.LzyBaB He riJibKM ~o6poi Ta ~i€BOI JII06osi, He TiJibK113~0pos'..R, a H >KHTT..R, BH~e Bi)J, .HKOrO, KpiM cnaciHHH .zzymi, Hi'10rO HeMa€ i He MO)I(e 6YTM MHJiiruoro Ha CBiTi. .H 6araTo B '10MY 3aJIHiliaioc.H BMHHHM cBoifr MMJiiH siT'lM3Hi, ..RKa MeHe HapoAHJia Ha ueii npeKpacHMH csiT, y)l(e qepea O.l(He ne. Ane He MeHIII BHHHHM ..R 3aJIHiliaiOC.H i UiH Peqi IJocnOJIMTiH, KOTpa MeHi llO)J,aJia, KpiM np11po~HHX Aapin, '111Ma.TIO CJiaBH, ri.u;HocTi, oKpac.u Ta 3aCJIYrM. BoHa)K 60 MeHe, rrp.u6yJibU..R, npHHH..RJia ,11;0 CBOIX CHHiB, a npHHHHBliiM, 36eperJia, a a6epirm11, BH3HaJia if HaasaJia cBoiM rpoMa,l\..RHMHOM; TOMY ..R iii BHHeH He MeHrne, Hi)l( CBOii16aThKiBJ.UMHi. I ..RK 3aB)I(,li;J1, TaK i OC06JIHBO Tenep ..R CBiAqy npo ~11py npHXMJlhHiCTb i JII060B 11.0 Hei CBOiM KOMeHTapeM, KOTpHi1..R Ha3BaB €BponeiichKOIO CapMaTiEIO. Cno'1aTK}' ..R BM.l(as y cBiT CBOIO xpoHiK}' icTopii KopoHM TioJihChKoi 3 onMcoM Bci€1 CapMaTii JiaTHHCbKOIO MOBOIO y 1578 poni, a Tenep 3HOBY ,lJ,Jl..R Kpamoro 3p03yMiHH..R ,ll;aB II nepeKJiaCTH OOllbChKOIO MOBOIO, ,li;Oll.aBlllH 1.JHMaJIO HOBHX peqew, 3MiHHBili11 Te, ~0 BBaJKaB ll0Tpi6HMM, llOTOM i Kpos'IO, i aa,z:cyMaB BM,naTH y cBiT. A npo Te, Koro 6 oneii cHonMK MOEi penHoi npani Mas o6paTM CBOIM naTpOHOM Ta MeUeHaTOM, MOH npaUH, MO..R po6oTa, TO niCJI..R TpHBaJIOrO p03JzyMyBaHH..R BCe MO€ €CTBO CXHJI111IOC..R .ll:O TOrO, ll\06 MiHepBa MOEi )J,OBroTpHsaJioi nMcaHMHH, ..RKa noxo.l(MTh Bill. pHnapchKoi JIIO.l(HHH, ITOBHiCTIO H npHCTOHHO 6yna ocpiposaHa H npMCB..Rl.JeHa BamiH llaHChKiH MOCTi, .HCHOBeJibMO)KHHH i MMJIOCTHBMH naHe BO€BO~O; 60 n. BQ. . . . .. €BO)J,a I 3Ha1.JHICTIO npe,nKIB, 1 CBOIMH BHCOKO 3HaMeHHTMMH 'leCHOTaMH, i piaHMMM nocnyraMM Peqi TiocnoJIMTii1 KopoHHii1.n:y)Ke .n:o6pe Bi.D.OMHH i 6JiarOCJIOBeHHMH BciMa CTaHaMH HaCTillhKH, ~0 O)J,HOCTaHHO 3BY1.JHTb roJioc scix JIIO.n:ei1 npo Barny naHChKY MOCTh: EaTbKO EaThKiBI.QHHH. Barna naHCbKa MOCTh CJIYIIIHO 3BOJIHB oTpHMaTH ne iM'..R, 3 qoro KO)KeH JierKO MO)Ke no6at.IHTH, ll\0 Bama rraHCbKa MOCTb, 6y.U.y'1H, BBaJKaH, HaHneplliHM, KpiM 3BepxHHKiB 3 .nyxoneHCTBa, ceHaTopoM y TioJihll\i, nocTii1Ho 3BOJIH1II o6.u.yMysaTH Te, lli,06 i qecTh KopoJI..R w. M., i rrOJibCbKoro Hapo.n:y 3 yci€10 Pi'-1'-110 nocnOJIHTOIO B iHo3eMHHX JIIO)J,eH MaJIH 6eacMepTHY cnany n Ma:i16yTIIix '-Iacax. A I.IJ;o6 ryp6oTJIMBiCTb B. n. M. . . lliBH.ll:We C.HrHyJia llaMI1.JeHOrO KIHlVI, TO 3B011Hlll )J,OKJia,naTH 3YCHJib UJ.HpHM 3a[f.yMOM, ,li.06pHM cepL{CM, 6MCTpHM poayMOM, eHepriJ:miCTIO B cnpanax; B. n. MOCTb Tal< 3BOJII1Jll CTapaTHCJI, ll.J.O HiKOJU1 y BeCeJIOMY ll.J.aCTi He 3Ha€III nHXH, nepeMiH cepL{H, a 3a L{e me 6iJibiiie xsaJia B JIIO,li..RX. TaKa. n. M. 3BOJIM1II Minna KOIITpoJIIonaTH enol noqyTT.H, mo HixTo H HiKOJIH He 6a1.JMB y npeKpacHiH ,nyiiii B. n. M. BHHDiB )l(a.ZJ.i6HOCTi, po3nyCTI1, BJla,li.HOI .IKOpCTOKOCTi, yp.R,li.ODMX aM6iL{iH i, B3araJii, )KQ,lJ.HOI noXM6KH B cnpanax, aa m<i MO)Klla 6yno 6 JlOpiKHY™· I I (c. 5 nepeJJ.MO·

KHMrA I nu) OT)Ke, ryMaHHicTb i ceHaTopcbKHM anTopJ.·I TeT TaK

My~po 3 co6o1o

non'.H3aHi, ll.\0 Ba)KKO 3po3yMiTH: ll.\0 )K H~ t.UIM naHy€! 5J )I( 3aHMaiOCb T)'T TUM, ll.\0 Ba)KKO ~OCTaTHbO BI1CJIOBHTH H OilHCaTH: ane CaMi cnpaBH . . . .HCHO npoMOBJI.HIOTb Ta Jllllllle CBl,ll."'aTb npo BHCOI<03HaMClU1Tl 1.lCCIIOTI1 B. n. MOCTi. I B3arani, Barna MOCTb € cnpaB)KHiM naHOM, ane He TOMY, lll.O Ma€lll 6araTo, ane TOM)', lll.O MO)Kelll co6i MY~PO HaKa.3}'BaTH, TaK rn:o, aaaJKaii:, nci, ,ll.l1BJI.H1.li1Cb Ha OCo6y B. n. M. i ,ll.11BYI01.li1Cb TaKI1M BCJII1K11M ~apaM EO)I(JiM, KOTpi MiCT.HThOI B HiM, pa,u.o no6y.zzynan11 6 BallliH naHCbKiM MOCTi Ha Bi"llHY naM'JITb KOJIOCI1, nipaMi,u.u, TPiYMcpaJibiiY arKY· AJie OCKiJibKH n. n. M. qy)KHHI..d € npo<PaHaMH B noxnani, To npuHaMMHi .H, nocuninui:f CJtyra, yKJiiHHO Ta noKipHo npollly, rn:o6 OIVI MO.H nipHa npa~.H, TBopeHa B noTi "'OJia npoT5J:rOM 6araThOX poKin ne 6e3 KJionory i1 neJIHKHX BH,u.aTKin, 3aJiumanac.H ni,u. o6opoHOIO Ta oniKoio n. n. M. , Moro M. naHa i ,u.o6po,n:iH, .HK TaKoro, KoTpui:f € reHepanbHHM naHOM BciEI ~i€1 KpaKiBCbKOI 3eMJii, BMCOKO M 3HaMeHI1TO CJiaBHOfO no BCiX KpaiHax Ta npoBiH~iHX o6ox CapMaTii1: 6o noBHO B xpoHiKax, B icTopiHx, B eHKOMi51x Ta ll03.ll.OpOBJieHH51X KOpOHHI1X, BBa)KaM, 6aThKiBCbKOfO CTaBJieHH51 B. n . M., Moro MI1JIOCTMBoro naHa i ~o6po,u.i51, ,u.o BiPII13HI1. O,u.HaK, HcHOBeJibMO)l(HHH Ta MOCTI1B11H naHe, qecHOTJli1BiCTb CaMano co6i ri~Ha llOXBaJII1 i 3aB)l(,ll.11 € HaHKpa.lli,OIO BI1Haropo,n:OIO, TO, npOC51l.JI1 rocno~a Bora 3a ,u.oBroBil.!He naHyBaHH.H B. n. M., Moro M. naHa i .n:o6po,n:iH, llOKipHO nporny, .lli,06 ~51 MOH BipHa, ,ll.OBra Ta BI-ITpaTHa npau;H, 3aJIM. . . IIII1BlliMCb lll.ll. OlllKOIO 1 llOKpOB11TeJibCTBOM B. n . M., npwHeCJia CaMOMY aBTopoBi ,u.o6po,u.ii1cTBO Ta o6opoHy B. naHCbKOI MocTi. Eo Tpe6a 6yr11 no,n:BiHHO B.ll.5J:qHI1M 3a .n:o6pi i cnpaBe,u.nwBi nopa,u.11 , 51K cBi.ll.l.li1Tb TOM ,u.aBHiH JiaT11HCbKI1H opaTop. llicJIH ~boro npollly, .lli,06 rocno~b Eor BceMOryTHii1, €,n:wHI1M y CBHTii1 TpiMu;i, 3i Caoro focno,u.Hhoro MI1JIOcep,u.H 3BOJII1B 36epeiTH i B ycbOMY rn:e,u.po 6JiarOCJIOBHTM B. n. MOCTb 3 M11JII1M Ta 3HaqHHM llOTOMCTBOM i 3 yciM npecJiaBHI1M pO.ll.OM y ,n:o6poM}' a,u.opoB'i, y rn:aCJIHBOM}' naH}'BaHHi i1: y BCW51KMX p~iCHI1X BTixax .n:o qecTi ii 11..0 XBaJI11 CBO€i CB51Toi, .n:o o3,n:o611 i BTixM u;i€1 IIIJI51XeTHoi Peqi llocnoJIHToi. l..J;hOrO 5I Bi,ll. lli.11poro cepu;H 311l.Jal.JH BeJibMO)KHiM naHCbKiM MOCTi, llOCTiHHi CBOI nocnyrH MI1JlOCTi BeJibMO)KHiH naHChKiH MOCTi, MOfO MOCTHBOfO naHa i ~o6po,n:i51, .HKHaHCTapaHHillle BiMaiO. ,l(aHo y KpaKoBi 3 ,n:HH cepniUI 1611 poKY. BeJibMO)KHOI naHCbKOI MOCTi, MOfO MOCTHBOfO naHa i ,n:o6po,Ai51, BChoro .n:o6pa 3Hl.!JIHBHH i HaHHI1)Kl.JHH o.yra Onei<CaH,n:p fBaHhiHi, rpa<J> JlaTepaHChKoro nanauy, KOMaH~MP rBap.n:iiichKOI I<iHHOTM. I I

(C. 6 nepe,z:t;MOBH)

rz[ec1iOm1iUU 7-Uma'ly, Jl1(U};o mu 6yoem ()u6umucsr 1-ta geu nopmpem, ;p-tau, UJ,O 'L-u.Ata.!lo zyw c;r_l}a.!lv1io 8Wzy1(!lembc5l, 1@Jicy7-u, lf!,O ge 6ot1i, 6oJICOb, zpa/J, U};O BiH 'lU1iU(} noo6uzu i JICumeucb1(j cnpaBu, UJ;O BiH utaHy6a6 1iaJleJIC1iUM 'lU1iOM J6po10, gapcvK._uu o8ip, MYJ i Mapca. 5Ukycm lj(p.nw.MHa II (c. 7 mpea.Mo6u)

HA rEPE ABTOPA fpH<J>, HKHH BOIO€ 3 caTHpoM, a .n;o ~horo .n;si roJIOBH OpJIHHi, rrp11 HKMX Maem i .n;pyroro opJia. Y KOJKHOrO 3 HHX 30JIOTa KOpOHa Ha,z:J; rOJIOBOIO; Maem TaKOJK npn HHX 3BipHTKO, ~o :Horo 3B)'Tb iJKaKoM. 0TJKe, KOJKHa piq y CBOEMf TIOJii. Il(o JK BOHH 03HalJaiOTb? MMJiiCTb KopoJiiB, csoix naHiB i ~horo KopoJiiBcTsa, KoTpi, 6aqaqn BeJIHKi cnpaBH y ~i:H oco6i, 3 npn6yJibWJ apo6MJIH co6i rrpHHTeJIH. Ilpo ~e csi.n;qaTh ~Hx JKe rraHiB npMBiJiei, 3a HKMMH BiH 3aBJK,ZJ;M 6yB .n;o6poi Ha,z:J;ii, II(o :Horo MfJKHiCTb 3 qecHOTOIO MaJIM 6)'TH y csoiii ~iHi, Il(o MOrO He MOrJia o6MHH)'TH 3Ha"tJHa Tii.n;TpHMKa . .A.Jr.e HKOCb He~aCTSI cnpaBM nepeMiiiiaJIO, TaK 6araTo B3HJIH iHmi 3 Toro, ~o :HoMy 6)'TH MaJIO.

Kc. C. r. 3 BOR"tnicmw i uopo..ttiBCb'KUM

ma iMnepamojJCb'ICUM npuBi!teat/I (c. 1)

ABTOP ,21;0 JIACKABOfO qHTAqA

.OMi)l(

€BporreticbKMX

KpaiH CapMaTiSI He MO)I(e 6yr11 nocTaaneHa HM)I(qe Bi.z:\ HMX, v • u •• u JiaCKaBMH 'tli1Taqy, 1 SI rOTOBMH 3anponoHysaTH 111 MaJIO He nepme i Hai1ronoaHime Mic[(e cepe.z:\ ycix iHmMx. Qe CJI}'IllHO, 60 BOHa CllOBHeHa 6araTMX, 3i BCiM Heo6xi.AHMM 3HaMeHMTHX ,l(ep)l(aB, MOHapxiM Ta npoBiH[(iM. TOM}' SI CBOIO naTMHCbK}' xpoHiK}' npo [(IO CapMaTiiO po3.l(iJIMB Ha qacTMHM i npoMHHYJioro 1578 poK}' BM,D.aB ii y caiT He 6e3 npaQi, cTapaHHSI Ta 3HaqHMX 3YCMJib. 0.l(HaK Tenep s:r ,l(~B II nepe~acTH llOJibChKOIO MOBOIO, ,l(O,D.aBIJlM ,D.eSIKMX KOpOJIIB, KOpOJilBCTBa, . . ... .l(ep)l(aBH, OCTpOBH, 3eMJII Ta npoBIH[(li, ~0 npHJISiraiOTb ,l(O [(i€i CapMaTii, i ,l(eHKi 3Ha1.£Hi i1 ri.l(Hi naM' s:rTi .n;ii, SIKHX • v • • • y JiaTHHCbKlH xpOHl[(l HeMa; 3 BeJIMKHM CTapaHHHM p03,[.(1JIHB ii Ha 10 KHHr, 3MiHMB ,n;eHKi peqj Ta 3~yMaB II 3HOBY BH,l(aTH y CBiT. f1epma KHMra MiCTHTb f10JibChKe KOpoJiiBCTBO 3 HOrO .n.ep)l(aBaMH i npoBiHI..(iHMH, HKi CJiaBHi BCbOM)' CBiry, HKi QiJIKoM Ta nosHiCTIO npeKpacHo :H cTa6iJihHO yrpyHTOBaHi B xpHCTHHHCbKiH Bipi; BOHO CTOITb, Ha1.£e SIKaCb Haiinory*Hima Be*a .D.JIH o6opoHH i1 ni.n.ciqi iHo3eMHMX BOp0)KI1X CHJI. Y ,n:pyri:i1 KHI13i 3MaJibOBYIOTbC51 noxo,n;)KeHHH M: ,n;pesHiCTh KHH3iB i Hapo.l(y BeJIHKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlMTOBCbKOrO. Y TpeTiH KHI13i OllMCYIOTbCH . . .. .. pycbKl, BOJIMHCbKl Ta llO,D;lJibCbKl KpaiHH 31 CBOIMH ,Aep)KaBaMH Ta so€so,n;cTBaMH, ~o HaJie)l(aTh ,n;o KopoHH IloJihChKOi Ta BeJIHKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlHTOBChKoro. qeTaepTa KHHra MiCTHTh OllHC IlpyccbKOI 3eMJii 3 yciMa npoBiH[(iHMH, . . . MlCTaMM, 3aMKaMH, MariCTpaMMl KOMrypaMH. Y n' HTi:H KHH3i :H,n:e onHc MMy,n:chKoi Ta IH<}>JIHH.D;ChKOI 3eMJii. Y IIIOCTiH KHI13i- OllHC illBe[(ii, roTii, ,.li:aHii, fepMaHii, EoreMii iT . .n.. Y CboMiif - on11c MocKOBChKOi 3eMJii, • '-' ' • v • y BOCbMlH - TaTapCbKHX op.n., y ,l(eB HTIH OllHCYIOThCH rpe[(bKl OCTpOBH, CJIOB 'HHChKi 3eMJii, BOJIOXH Ta naHHOHIJ;i. Y ,n;eCHTiM iHrni nponiHu;ii, I<OTpi npHJIHraiOTh .11.0 u;i€1 CapMaTii i KoTpi .SI He nepepaxoByro, 6oTH, JiacKaswM: 't{HTa'-ly, Kpa~e 3po3yMi€rn npo HHX i3 caMoro '-IHTaHHH. O.n;HaK u;to Harny 1!Jla[(IO npHMMH 3 MHJiiCTIO, XBaJIH rocno,n:a Bora i npocH 11oro, ~o6 capMaTCbKi KpaiHH, KOTpi npHHHHJIH Xp11CTM51HCbKi 3aKOH Ta aipy, rocnO,li,b Eor y [(iJIOCTi 36epir i 't.JHM ,n:aJii, TMM 6iJibllle npHyMHO)Kyaaa ix, 6opoH.Hl:iM si,ll. aoporis. A 3 I.:('HM 6y.ll.h 3,D.opoaMM. ,ll,aHo y KpaKoai ,lJ.HH TpeThoro cepnHH poKy Eo*oro 1611. I I (c. II)

KHMrA I

"l!ACTMHA I KHHrH I, • u

•

y KOTplH MlCTHT~.C.H

OIIMCCAMOI €BPOIIEMCbKOi CAPMATii YiiKOP~OHAXIME~

ltiiDHC)'IOqH

p03Talli}'BaHH.II HapO.ll)' i

KpaiH EBponeiicbKOI CapMaTii, 3 SJKMX BORa CKJI~a€ThC.s1, MeHi BH,ZJ;a.JIOCSJ CJI}'lllHOIO ii He npHKpOio t.IHTat.Iesi pit.I'liiO on11caTM HacaMnepe.n; noxo)J;)KeHHSI caMoi €spon11 Ta II Kop.n;oHiB, KOTPMMM soHa sitmiJI.R€ThCSI si.n; A3ii Ta A<}>pMKM. €spona- ~e TpeTSJ qacTHHa csi-ry, SJKa 6yna HaasaHa si.n; Ha,ZJ;3BHqai1Ho KpaOIBOI Ta npOAJIMBOI €sponH- ,l.\Ol.JKH AreHopa, KOpOJI.R rpen;hKOro, nisii1cbKoro Ta cHpiiichKoro . .HK nMmyrh noeTH, IOniTep II no6at.IMB,

~Oi(O· ihctHH.Jl

H.aJ6u tf6pona_,

KOJIH BOHa rpa.JiacSI 3 naHHaMM Ha MopcbKOM}' 6epeai. OxonneHHH panToBHM KOXaHHSIM i He 3HaiO'liM, SIK npHHTM ,ZJ;O Hei, BiH o6epJ:IYBCSI Ha npeKpacHOfO 611Ka i XO,li.MB cepe,u. CTa,U.a, KOJIYI naHHH rpa.JIM 3 KOpOJiiBHOIO. €spona, no6a'IHBWM 6iJISI ce6e HaiinpeKpacHiworo 6HKa, cina Ha Hhoro. BiH T)'T .>Ke CKO'IHB 3 HeiO ,u.o MOpH i npHHic II Ha ocTpis KpHT, KOTpHii HMHi 3BfTh KaH.zr.iH. Ha cxo,u.i Kop,u.oH €spon11 npon.s1ra€ no cJiaBHiii piq~i TaHaic, SJKY iHwi Ha3MBa10Tb,l(oH. Ha nis,u.Hi- Cepe.n;aeMHe Mope, Ha nisHo'lli- AHrJiiiiCbKe, T06TO fipMTaHCbKe, MOpe, aHa 3aXO.!li BOHa 3aKiH'IY€TbCH ATJiaHTM'l· HMM oKeaHoM. U.R qacTMHa csi-ry € MeHWOIO si,u. Aail Ta A<}>puKu, ane npu.n;aTHiwoiO, noMipHiwoiO i Kpaw;oiO ,lJ.JISI.>KHTTH, 6o soua He Jzy.>Ke rapSI'lla, ane He 3aHa.n;To XOJIO,l(Ha, TOM}' TYT HaceneHHSI 6inhwe, HacaMnepet( oci.n;Jioro. IJ;e 3a BHHHTKOM CKi<}>CbKMX KpaiH 6iJIH ropli KasKa3, KOTpi € He3aCeJieHMMH qepe3 CHJfbHHH XOJIO,ll., 60 BOHJ.i npHJIHraiOTb ,l(O JlhO,lJ.OBJ.iTOrO M0p.s1. AJie Ui HaWi KpaiHJ.i llOMipHO XOJIO,l(Hi, a 6y.l(}"'H y XOJIO,l(i, JIIO,l(MHa € Mi~Hiwa H 3,l(Oposiwa, Hi.>K Ta, utO .>KMBe y TenJJi , 60 nopu y JIIO,lJ.ChKOMY TiJii € 3aB)I(Aii 3aKpHTMMJ.i. Y TenJJiiX .>Ke Kpa.RX JIIO,l(H .>KiiBfTh 3 Bit(KpliTJ.iMH nopaMH, a qepe3 ~e BOHM € aHecHJieHHMM i1 He TaKHMH MiQHHMM; 6o qepe3 n;i nopH 3aXO)U1Th BCepe,l(HH)' JIIO,l(CbKOfO TiJia BOJIOriCTb i3 3eMJJi Ta MOpS! a60 .>K XBOpo6a. ToM}' pliMJIHHM xoq i aasoiOBaJIH sech csiT, aJie HiKOJIH He MOrJIH aasoiOsaTu capMaTis Ta cKi<}>is, i B3arani pHMCbKa noTYra li CJiasa aaHenana qepea n;ax capMaTCbKiiX JIIO,u.ei1, I

(c. III) oco6JIIiBO BaH,nania Ta roTiB.

Och TaK Ti, KOTplix He anaMaJIIi aHi Kap<}>areHHHH, aHi nepcu, aHi raJIJIIi, aui icnaHQi, noa6yJIHC.fl CBO€I CWIH qepe3 BaH,U.aJiiB, npo utO 6y,l(e HH)K'Ie.

?(ppUOHU

f6ponu

KHMrA I

7facl(j/l1>1Ql 6tJIUP(piO

e €6pona

'D6i Cap.Mamii Y~Jiamcbl(!l

e6poner1Cbl(_a

.1'lJiamcbl(!l

Cap.Mami.R PoJmauty6axH.R Cap.Mamii i PCPpiJoxu

I..{H Hawa KpaiHa, xsa.na Eory, c.nasHa xpMCTMSIHCbKHM Ha6mKeHCTBOM, 'JeCHOTaMM, 3BW·Ia.JIMM, WaHOBHHMM HayKaMH, CllOC060M )KMTTSI, 'JHCeJibHiCTIO csoix )KMTeJiiB, oco6JIMBO MicT, 1.JMM aHaliHO nepesnu..cye A.3iiO Ta Aq>pH· KY· ii Hapo.l( roTOBHH i Ha 6MTBY i Ha MMp, MaE ~OCMTb nposiaHry; B €sponi HCUIBHi TaKO)K i CKap6M: 30JIOTO, cpi6JIO i pi3HMH l.(iHHMH MeTa.n, a COJIH· HMX KOlla.JieHb i py~eHb YHiM 6iJibWe, Hi)K B iHWHX KpaiHaX. lloaiTpH B Hitf € He3apa)KeHHM, SIK ~eCb B iHUIHX KpaiHaX, BCi CHJIH CTHXii T}'T CllpHSITJIH· Bi, BORa MaE ropH, BeJIHKi Ta MaJii piliKH, a.Jie ~oporol.(iHHOrO KaMiHHSI Ta nepJiiB y HiM MeHWe, Hi>K B iHWMX KpaiHaX, 60 BOHa He Ma€ )KQ~HHX iH.l(iHCbKMX, e<}>ioncbKHX Ta apa6cbKHX Tosapis. O~HaK iuwi KpaiHM oTpHMYIOTb si~ Hei ~onoMory a6i)IOIUIM Ta cT~aMM. CaMano co6i €spona Mae aaBillMPillKM ~BicTi copoK n' SITb HiMel.(hKMX MMJib, To6To a~ EreHCbKoro a6o loHiHcbKoro MopH.n.o fi6epHiHCbKoro oKeaHy, 3aB.ZI.OB)I(KM ai.n. llopryra;Iii, T06TO Bi.l( lcnaHCbKOrO KOpo.TiiBCTBa, 3)1( .lJ.O piKH TaHaic, KOTpa BiMiJISI€ CapMaTho si~Aail, T06To Hac si~ TaTap, npocTR:r.TiacSI Ha ciMcoT IllicT~ecSIT MM.Tib. Mae TaKO)I( €apona nomo npMSITeJibCTBa, 6o BiJibHO ixaTM KO)KHOMY 6a)l(alO'IOM)' o6iHTI1 BCIO 3eM.TIIO, ixaTM 3 O~HOrO KOponiBCTBa ~0 iHIIIOfO. BoHa MaE nucaHe npaao, qoro HeMa a iHwn:x 3eMJISIX. €apona noqHHaETb· c11 ai cxo.n.y si.zr. piKM TaHalc, a Ha nis,zr.Hi- si.n. fpe~bKoro MOpSI, HaaaaHoro EreyM a6o loHiyM, SIKi BiMiJISIIOTb II si.n. Manol Aail. Y ~.(iii TpeTiH qacTHHi csiry poaTaiiioaaua CapMaTiH, npo SIK}' MH Terrep rOBOp11MO, KpaiHa ~OCMTb BeJIMKa H CJiaBHa, HKa MicTMTb 6araTO Hapo~iB Ta KopoJiiBCTB. Cnpaaa a TOM)', w:o icuyE ~Bi CapMaTil: o.n.Ha TaTapcbKa, a6o aJiaTCbKa, p03TalliOBaHa Ha ~a.JibHbOMy, T06TO CXi,ll.HOMf, 6epe3i piKH ,lJ;OH i BoJI3i, Ha KOTpHx >KHBfTb 3aBOJI3bKi TaTapn Ta iHllli ixHi op.n.w, poa.niJieHi Ha qaCTHHH. IMeHeM ~pyrol, EsponeHCbKoi CapMaTil Ha3wBaiOTb Hamy CapMaTiiO, y KOTpiH )1(11BYTb llOJIHKH, pycb, JIHTBa, Ma3ypn, npyccH, llOMOpSIHH, iH<f>JIHHA~i, MOCKOBHTH, rOTH, a.JiaHM, BOJIOXM H TaTapH, KOTpi )1(11B}'Tb Ha ~bOMY 6epe3i niaHiqHoi piKH ,lJ,oH Heno.n.aJiiK l.JopHoro MOpSI (Euxinu). IJ,IO CapMaTiiO 3i cxo~y ai,lJJJ.i.TISIIOTb ai.zr. A3ii piKa TaHalc, To6To ,lloH, i MeoTiHCbKe oJepo, i3 3axo.zr.y - BicJia a6o >K, SIK xoqyTb ,zr.eHKi, piKa O~ep. Ha nis,zr.Hi- YropcbKi ropH, HKi HHMH npoJBaHi EecKH.ZI.aMH, aHa niaHoqi IXHSI BJiaCHa KpaiHa BiMiJieHa ni.n iHWMX MOpeM HiMe~bKHM, a6o CapMaTCbKHM. llToJieMeH y TpeTiH KHH3i, y po3,niJii 5, n11rne, w:o I I (c. IV) Kop,noHaMH eaponeHChKOI CapMaTil Ha ninHO'-Ii E 0KeaH, Heno.n.a.niK BeHe.n.iHchKoro niaocTpona a>K ,no Kop~oHiB HeJHaHoi 3eMJii EHrpoHeJIHH~ (Engroneland) no6JIH3Y Hopne3bKOro (Nortuegijskiego) Kopo;IiBcTna. Ha 3axo.ui - piKa BiCJia i qacTHHa HiMe~hKOi 3eM.Tii, KOTpa e Mi>K li' roJionoJO i Mi>K CapMaTCbKHMH ropaMM. Ha cxo.n;i DOHa Me)l(yE 3 H~BiHraMH (jacwingami), MeTaHacTaMH (metanastami) - yropcbKHM Hapo.n;oM i piKoiO lcTMOM, RKa npoTiKae qepe3 o3epo EiQeHb (Bicen), qacTHHOJO MeoTiHCbKoro o3epa .no piKH ,lloH, KOTpa 3 PH3aHCbKOI npoaiHu.il y MocKonil BHBO~HTb caii1 cTpyMiHh i BiAZJ.iJIH€ A3iiO ai.n; €apon11. 3 niB.li.HSI3'E.li.HYEThCH aeprn:HHaMH CapMaTCbKHX rip a>K.n;o KapnaT, KoTpi JBHllaHHO Ha3MBaJOTb TaTpaMH a6o EecKH.n;aMH, ocb TaK .n;aJie·

KHHrA I KO i1: mnp01<0 npoCT$1rJiac.R i 3aKiH1.1Y€TbC.R enponeticbiCa CapMaTi.R. A noTiM- qepe3 MOJI,lJ.aBCbK)' Ta aaJiaCbKY 3eMJIIO a)K no .lJ.HinpoBCbKi nopor11, TaM, .n.e U..R piKa, yni6paamH .n.o ce6e 6araTo iHlllHX ao.n., nna,nae y IloHTiHCbKe Mope, a 6eperaMH QbOro Mop.R- a)K .n.o piKH Kapu.HHiry (Karcynitu), ll'(O • aHTiKa€ 3 't.JepKeCbKHX rip; TaK, 3ri.AHO 3 .li.YMKOIO 11TOJieMe.R, HaHaH,lJ.aTHi1IlOTO 3-noMi)K iHmHx KOCMorpacpa, T$ITHeTbC.R IJ.$1 eaponei1:cbKa CapMaTi.R. CTapi reorpacp11 noMinzyBaJIH TaKO)K y Qiii CapMaTii ropH finep6opeikbKi, Cap.MamCIJI(j zopu PHcpeucbKi, AMa,noQbKi, BeHe.lJ.HU.bKi, aJie aci noHH He e TaKHMI13Ha1.1HI1M11, KpiM U.HX, 6JIH)f(Hix .n.o yropu.in, TaTp, Mo.n.poi ropH , KpeMnaK}' Ta iHIIIHX, mo Ma lx aneMo Eema.n.aMH, a aoHH Ha3Haa.JIH Kapnaryc. € 3Ha1.1Ha Jl11ca ropa, Ha KOTpii1: CTOITb KOCTbOJI Ca. XpecTa. IlToJieMei1: on11cye i Hai1:roJIOBHimi piKH B Hamiii CapMaTil. HacaMnepe.n. u.e BicJia, KOTPY 3,lJ.aBHa HaaHaaJIH BaH.n.aJiyc, aoHa aHTiKae ryT i3 CapMaTCbKHX rip, npoTiKae qepe3 CiJie3bK}', IloJibCbKy, Ma3oaeu.bK}' Ta IlpycCbKY 3eM.ni, yai6paallii1 .lJ.O Ce6e 1.111MaJIO iHlllHX pi"'OK, ana.n.ae lll11pOKI1M rHpJioM 6iJI.R cJiaaHoro npyccbKOro nopry f.n.aHCbKa y CapMaTCbKe, a6o )K EaJITiHcbKe Mope. ~pyra piKa- Eop11cTeH, a6o ~Hinpo, KOTPY iHmi xpoHicnt: Ha3HaaiOTb Eepe3HHOIO. BoHa 6epe caii1: noqaToK y MocKoaii, 3 Jiicia Ta 03epa, Ha3aaHoro B$13bMa, i TaK Te'tle Ha Pycb .n.o 't.lopHoro Mop.R i ana,nae .n.o IJ.bOro EaKCHHCbKoro MOPH no6JIM3Y QqaKoaa. Ha u.ii1: piu.i e KaM'$1Hi nopor11, Ko-rpi npoHTH .n.y)Ke a3.)KKO KOMYCb, oKpiM caMHX K03aKia, KoTpi npH3aH'tlaiJIHCH .n.o :U.boro. TaMe TaKO)K o6opoHHi ocTpoaH, Ha I<OTpHx )KHaYTb I<03aKH, a HaH3Ha"'Him11H cepe.n HHX- ToMaKiaKa. 't.lepe3 U.IO pii<Y e .n.aa Hea611HKHX 6pO.lJ.H a6o WJI.RXI1, I<OTpHMI1 TaTapH AO HaC nepenpaamiiOTbCH, a K03aKI1,lJ.O TaTap. TpeT.sr piKa Ha3HaaeTbC$1 KpoHOH, KOTPY 3aH'C.Iai1:Ho Ha3HaaiOTb HiMaH. ~.sr piKa 6epe noqaTOK y Pyci Heno.n.aJiiK MicTe"'Ka Typoaa. ITpo6irlliH qepe3 pychKi, JIHTOaCbKi Ta npyccbKi Kpal , aoHa 6iJI.R noporia Bicn11 noaepTae Ha niaHi"' i UI11poi<o ana.n.ae y HiMeU.bKe Mope, I I (c. V) I<oTpe Ha II qecTb Ha3HaaiOTb KpoHiHCbKHM MopeM (Cranium mare). A a611pae HiMaH y ce6e Mepeq Ta qHMa.JIO iHml1x piqoK. t{eTaepTa piKa- Py60H (Rubon), SIK}' Tenep ITOJISIKH ~BiHOIO, a HiMU.i Ta iTaJiiu:u.i }l,fHOIO (Duml) Ha3HaaiOTb. BoHa 6epe caii1: noqaToK y MocKoBcbi<iH 3eMJii i, npoTiKmH trepe3 aeJIHK}'qacTHH}' PycbKol, JlHTOBCbi<Oi Ta IHcpJI.sr~m CbKOi I<paiHH Ha Bi.ncraHb CTO TpH.lJ.lJ.SITb llOJibCbKMX MHJib, y .li.BOX MHJISIX am P11r11, 3Ha't1Horo iHcpmiH.lJ.CbKoro MicTa, UI~-ipOKHMH noporaMH sna,n;ae y 3ra.n.aHe HiMe:U.hKe Mope. TaKO)K TepHy-rHc i XepciH)'C, KOTpi rrOJIJIKH Ha3HBaIOTh Hapes i Eyr, 3Ti)(HO 3 IlToJieMeeM, 6epyrh csii1: no'JaTOI< Bi)( Pu$eiiChKMX rip i TaKO)K y Te caMe Mope ana,n;aiOTh. KpiM Taro, y esponeiichKiu CapMaTii e 'IHMaJIO iHUIMX npei<pacHMX pi'tloK, JIK-<>T finniHiH, T06To l>or, a He Byr, mo sna,n;ae .n.o BiCJIH; THpoH, T06To ~HicTep, KOTpHu BJJacHe Ha3BaHHH no-iTaJiiucbKH a Tyrando, T06To npo3BaHHH Bi.n. cTpin.srHHJI, .srKH:H .n}')Ke WBH)(KO Te'Je Ha)(TO 6HCTpHM Ta CTpaUIHHM JieTOM BO)(H • .l(o l.{bOfO )I( Bi}liJI, )lecHa, )lpBeHna. Cnynu.a. O.n.ep, BapTa, CSIH, THea Ta 'IHMano iHmnx

Jll(j

nai16i.ntJwi

pil@ Ey£8pO· neiict.l(ji1.

Cap.M4mii 'BicJia

'EopucmtH.

1\PJtlybl(j

nopozu

1fllpe6

'EJP

'Eoz

'l>Hicrrup 'Biltisl tJJUH.a tJJp6eH!&Il Dtynlj4 D«p 'Bapm4

(:RH !l1lua

KHHrA I 1\PpiJoHu t6pontr1·

cy.n.HonnaBHliX pit~OK Mae eupone:H:chKa CapMaTiH. Ocb TaKliMH KOp.ztoHaMu

,,swi

KiH''IaEThCH ~H CapMaTChKa ~ep*aua, po3TamyuaHHH HKoi MH Tenep 3 llToCap)uunii JieMeEM i Ha ni,llCTaBi BJiaCHOfO ,li;OCBi.lly OllHCaJIH, ,ne HenepeMO)KHHH IIOJibCbKHH KOpOJih, HKHH BJia)J.OIO, .ZJ.OCHfHfTOIO Bi.ZJ. CBOIX npe.ZJ.KiB npaBOM, a6o BiHHOIO, a6o MMpOM 3MiQHIO€ CBO€ KOpoJiiBCbKe naHfBaHHJI. BoHa npo1\PpaoHu CTHrJiacH Bi.n CapMaTChKHX rip i CeMuropo.ZJ.ChKOro BOEBO.ZJ.CTBa 11.0 BHTOKiB ~OJU>C~>P(pzo BicJIH, 11.e no'UiHaeThCH TewHHChKe KHHJiBCTBO, a TaM -qepe3 Cineai10 JJ.O

l@p011i8· cm8a piKH O.n.ep, aJK .ZJ.O BpaH)J.eH6yp3bKOrO MapKrpa<t>cTBa Ta <l>paHKo<t>op.n;ii

(Frankofordyej), qepea TioMopcbKY aeMJIIO .n.o 6eperis HiMeQhKoro oKeaHy Ta JaToKu BaJITiHChKoro MopH, a noTiM- qepe3 niuHiqHi KpaiHli, -qepe3 )I(Mf.ll.h, KypJIHH.U.iiO i JHaqHi IHqmHH.U.ChKi .n.ep*aBH, a)K.ZJ.O <l>iHJIJIH.U.ii, usa)f(aH, OCTaHHbOI KpaiHli CBiry, J..nO HaJie)f(HTb .ZJ.O lliBe,ll.CbKOfO KOpOJiiBCTBa, a no6JIH3Y CXi.ZJ.HHX KpaiH- qepe3 pi3Hi CJIOB' HHCbKi npOBiHQii aJK .ZJ.O o6ruHpHOf0 MocKOBChKoro KHHJiBCTBa. A ui.n. HiMeQbKoro oKeaHy- .n.o sisTapis MaKe.ZJ.OHCbKoro KOpOJIH i )(O MeoTiHCbKoro o3epa, cnoaHeHoro nycTKaMH, a Heno.naniK ,lJ.Hinpa IIIHpoKO npocTHrnacH si.n. qopHoro MopH qepea Tio.n.inbChKi noJIH, Mon.nasChKOIO Ta BaJiaCbKOIO 3eMJieiO, IIOTiM IIOBepTa€ .ZJ.O H3HHfiB Ta MeTaHaCTiB, T06To CeMliropo.n.chKOI Ta YropcbKOI 3eMJii, qepe3 ropH, HKi TaM Ha311Ba10Th CQenyJihChKHMH (Scepulskiemi), .n.ep)f(asa espone'HcbKOI CapMaTi'i Mae TaKi KOp.ZJ.OHH Ha nis.nHi. Tenep Kop.n.oHH TioJibChKoro KoponiacTsa TaKi: Ha cxo.ni - ,lJ.Hirrpo, Ha rriB.U.Hi - BOJIOXH Ta yropQi, Ha Jaxo.ni - CiJieJiH i MapKrpa<PchKa JeMJIH, aHa nisHO"li- BeHe.ZJ.CbKe Mope, To6To seJIHKHH 0KeaH. I I (c. VI) ,l.(asHi reorpa<PH BMiJ..nyBaJIH a Qi:H: Haiiiii1 CapMaTil piaHHX mo.ne:H:, KOTpHx Tenep HeMa H CJii.U.y, a $1KJ..n0 i €, TO IX Ha3HBaiOTb iHaKIIIe, rrpo I..nO 6y.n.e HJil)f(qe. Terrep npHcrynaeMo .n.o noxo_n)f(eHHH capMaTCbKOro, a6o CJios'srHChKoro.

llOXO~~EHHRillO~TOKnABHbOfO

TA BOMOBHlllqoro CAPMATCbKOfO HAPO,ZIY, 3 Kompozo noAA'Ku ma eci CJWB '.Ruu 6epym'b ceiii n()ttamOK i pia OnHcyJOqH noxo_n)KeHHH :H noqaTOK IIOJIRKiB Ta IXHiX KOpOJiiB, a TaKO)K CJIOB' HHCbKi .U.iHHHH, 3fi.ZJ.HO 3 BJiaCHliM no!JTO?.amol( qaTKOM, H xoTiB 6H TpollleqJ<H Hara.n.aTH To6i, 'l{MTaqy, mo6 He cy.n.Hn npo Qe:H

a~~P~~;f! Hapo.n. a noqaTKOM HMHilllHix poKiB [?]. Tpe6a, mo6 MH HacaMnepe.n; npMra.ZJ.aJIH noqaTOKTa,nanHi 3BJilqai .n.peBHhOfO CaBpOMaTCbKOfO, T06TO CJIOB'SIHCbKOfO, Hapo.n.y, J..nO 6y.n.e KOpHCHillle .ll.JIH Kpamoro 3p03yMiHHH CaMOI cnpasH. Ue qiTKO BHDJIHsae Ji CnHTOro TIHChMa, Ji CTaporo 3asiry, .n.o qoro sci .Rrfom, cuH icTop:HKH npHKJia)J.aiOTh cno10 TO'liKf 30py. OT)f(e, R<PeT, cTapiiiHH CHH Ho.H, JloJI, niCJIJI nomony oci8 nicm1 scecsiTHhOro noTony aai1Hj{B HacaMnepe.n. cxi.n. i nisHi q y €sporri Ta MaJiii1 A3ii, i TaM no Bo)Kii1 soJii i1oro Hama)J.KM po3MHO)f(HJIHCH seJIHKHMH

KHHrA I v

•

Hapo)J,aMH, a HOrO BJiaCHe IM Sl 03Ha'-la.JIO poaumpeHHSI KOpOJJlBCTDa, a npH'-IHHOIO 1.\bOro

6yno

~acJIMBe 6aTbKiBCbKe niHwynaHHH. Eo Qei1 naTpiapx

Hoi1 3po3yMia 3 neonHx 3HaMeHb, ~o6 6yJia TpoicTa KOH.ll.HQiH JJIO.lJ.CbKOro )IU!TTSI Ha CBiTi, TOMY BiH CBOIM CHHaM TaK CKa3aB i KO)f{HOMy 3 HHX npH3Hat.JHB snacni ypH.UH i1 noaHHHOCTi, ~06 KO)f{eH 3 HMX caoro nHJJbH}'Baa i nepecTepiraa, i .nopyt.JMB iM Qe 3 TaKMMH cnosaMM: «TM, CHMe, MOJB1CH HK ca.s~meHHK, si.nnpaaJJJII0'-111 .nyxoaHHM ypH.lJ.. T11, XaMe, npal.\IOM na noni, aHra,zzyi0'-~11 pi3Hi peMecJia, JIK po6iTHHK.

A TH, RcpeTe, Kepyi1 i 6opoHH RK

KopoJJb i pMQap, KOpHCT)'IO'IHCb 36poEIO, i YTPHM}'M.nep)f{aBH a neaHHX yxaaJieHHX npasax i noBHHHOCTHX». ~eii HaKa3 i JanoniT HoH 6at.JHMO, 6o i1 .no

Jfou CUHaM c8oiftt nepeiku

GllacHi !Jp.Ri>u i no6uHHOC· mi: Cw.tg M OJIUm UCR,

XaJ.tg npazyoGamu,

Jllfiemg l(!.pg6amu

Qboro qacy icnyE TaK11M na.n no MMJIOCTi MHJIOCTHaoro Bora. Eo KO)f{Ha nauiH,

mo DOXO,li.MTb Bi,ll. QMX CHHiB MOrO KOpeHJI, nOci,ll.a€ CBO€ MiCQe 3 neBHOrO npOBH,lJ.iHHSI rocnO)J,HbOrO i 3 6aTbKiBCbKOro 6Jiai'OCJIOBeHHSI. Haw,a.nKM Repe- 9"oMep, CUH. Jl!fiema Ta, RKi JaMHMM 6iJibmy qacTHH)'€Dpom1 i Manoi A3ii, norO,ll.)f{}'IO'IHCb i3 JanosiToM csoro 6 aTbi<a / / (c. VII) Ta w,acJIMBHM 6narocJioneHHHM naTpiapxa HoR, nerai1no CXMJIHJIHCH ,li.O pHQapcbKHX cnpaa i, 3Hat.JHO 36iJibWHBWH caii1 pi.ll., 3 qacoM n i.n KepiaHHQTBOM caoro BO)f{,li.H foMepa, CHHa R<}:>eToaoro, liiHpoKo po3ceJIHJIMOI Ha cxo.ni .ll.O BipMeHii, aHa nianoqi 3)1{ no Eocnop, ~o npMJistraE ,li.O MeoTiMcbKoro o3epa, KOTPHM HHHi HaJHBaiOTb KiMMepii1cbKHM , a TaKO)f{ no piK)' ,l(OH. floTiM BOHH CBOIO Mil.\b i DOCJiyx nepe,ll.aJIH ni,u. BJia.AY M: naH}'BaHHH TsicKoHa, a6o Acl.\eHa, CHHa foMepa. ~eM )f{e, JIK n11we Eepoc (Berozus), Maa .n:y)l(e 3Haqny .n:ep)l(asy: Bi.ll. 3aTOKM Tanaicy, T06To ,llony, IDK ,li.O niMel.\&Koi piKH Pei1H. ~boro TaicKoHa 3ra,AaHHM icTopMK Bepoe na3HBa€ npe.n;KoM HK scix niMl.\iB, TaK i caspoMaTia (Sauromatow), a 3acai,u.qyE ue THM, ~o capMaTH (Sarmatowie), a6o CJIOB'RHM, € o,n;He uiJie 3 niMUSIMH, 60 BOHH niUIJIH Bi)J. O.ll.HOrO BO)I(,lVI H p03MH0)1(11TeJIR po.zzy JIIO,li.CbKOrO. A icTopMK Kpanuii1 TBep.nHTb, w,o noJIHKH i 6oreMI.{i, a6o )I( qexH, E po.n;H"t.JaMH HiMI.{iB, BKa3yiOtiH HaTe, 11.(0 TaM tiHMaJIO 3 HHX B)I(HBa€ nepeBaJKHO HiMeQbK)' MOBY i HOCMTb HiMeQbKHH O,li.Rr. Y TaKMH cnoci6 MO)f{Ha 6yJio 6 BKaJaTH i1: HaTe, 11.{0 JiaTunui iTaniM:ui (Wloszy) Ta yropui TaKO)f{ cnopi,u.Heni; MOBH >K 6o i ue:H o,n;Rr nepeBaJKHO B>KHBaiOTbCR cyqacHHMH noJIRKaMH. A JiaTHHChK)' )f( Mosy 3HaiOTb, Ma6YTb, sci HaQii. Or)f(e, KpaHl.\iH HeCJI}'liiHO TBep,l.I;HTb, 11.(0 JIK6M CJIOB'RHM, a6o CaBpOMaTH, 6pan11 CBi H DO"'aTOK Bi)J, HiMQiB, TO BOHM pa30M 3 HMMH Bi.u.,naBHa Y)f(HBaJIH 6 QIO HiMeQbK}' MOBy. 3Bi.n;KM 6 TO.ll.i B3ji)Jac.SI CJios'HHCbKa, a6o caapoMaTChKa, MOBa y caspoMaTiB, KOTPY ueii napo.n; nocTii1no B)I(HBaE RK cao10 npHpo.ll.ny Mosy? Cap MaTH ai,u. HiMQiB pi3HHTbCR TaKo>K o,n;RroM, 3s:wqaSIMM i cnoco6oM >KHTTR. Ue aacBi,ll.t.JYE i llJiiHiM (Plinius), K~H, ~0 B)J.iHCHOCTi capMaTH He € HiMUSIMH,ll.'(O HiMQi Ha cxo.ni si.n HHX ai.n:.lJ.iJieni piKoiO BaH.ll.aJIIOCOM, a6o )f( BiCJioiO, a ue TBep)J,>KeHHSI no,niJISIIOTb nHCbMeHHHKH, .ll.OCBi,ll.t~eHi y .nasnii1 icTopil, HK-oT: KopneJiii1 TaQHT, CTpa6oH i llToJieMei1. AJie ocKiJI&KH SI .ne~o si.nii1wos Bi,ll. cnpaau, TO nosepTaiOCH .no Hel. Ue KoJiiHo R<J>eTa 6yJio HeJiiHHBe, Tsep.ne i BOHOBHHqe, J..UO ,lJ;OCTaTHbO BHHBJIR€TbCR i3 CaMHX IXHiX cnpaB, RKi BOHH quHHJIH Mf>KHhO i aneaneHo. Eo )l.aBHi icTopii csi,lJ.qaT&, ~o BOHH 6ynH To,ni cTpawHHMH BChOMY csiTy. CnoqaTKY ix npo3BaJIH rpeKH caspoMaTaMH,

!JJf()'U(fl

Jopy

!TU!ini.Jl H4 cap.Mami8

KHIIrA I 36Wiot ,llaBWM IM iM'SI Bi,ll caspoc (Sauros), T06TO Bi,ll SIU.dpKM, a OMMa (Omma) 03-

no~oAimt>

HaJ6a Ha'lla€ OKO, TaKMM 'liMHOM Qe Hi6MTO MaJIO 03Ha'llaTH: )f(OpCTOKHH Hapo,n 3 tCQ6po· O'IMMa Hll.lipKM. 3 TOrO 'lacy QeH HapO/.l i iXHi Kpai, ,lle BOHM >KMBYTb, ,llicTa· .Mamu• (c. VIII) IJ;i capMaTu ni3Hime, mo .u.eHh, To 6inbwe !!Tepwe JIM iM'H caspoMaTiB. nepeu· i 6i.JJbwe p03MHO>KyiO'liHCb, no6a1.UUIH, mo Qi siTqM3HSIHi aeMJii CTaJIH TicHM·

JltHH.R

cap)Uzmi8

Cap.4camu

oci.n.u HaiJ 'Bic.no10, JanpUJI.J· HUJIIlC.R

J HiMwz,Mu

Cap.4camu, l(pmpi HtJHO/IU nUCt>Ma,

JDalhta pu·

:HCUJIU

~apct>IQLM

pe.AteC/IOM

Cap.4tamu, 811acHe l(fMJ.upiuyi

~pU'lUHU

npu~oiJy

cap.MamiiJ y yi I(JJDi

MH .U.JIJI HMX caMMX i AJIJI ixHix qMCJieHHHX uama.u.KiB. To.u.i BOHM pylllMJJM .u.ani: ai.u. noporia piKM ,Aou i 3aTOK MeoTiMCbKoro o3epa /.lO nia.neHHMX, TaKO* i 6JIH3bKHX Kpaia; ,llOBrMMH, W:HpOKMMM Ta rycTHMH llOCeJieHHSIMM p03· TSirHyJIMCJI y Mon.u.asii, Pyci, JluTsi, llpyccii Ta a IucpJISIHJI.ii. BoHM nepeceJIMJIHCSI B Qi npoBiHQii, KOTpi Jie)KaTb nepeB~HO y llOJISIX i ,l1.e Tenep )KHByrb noJISIKM, 3aHHSIJIM o6HJI.sa 6eper11 piKM BicJIH, aaanaaol .u.pesHiMM Bau.u.aniOcoM, i 3paay >K BOHH .SIK npH6yJibQi npHHH.HJIH TOBapHCTBO i npHS13Hb ,l1.aBHbOrO HiMeQhKOro aapo.u.y, KOTPMH Te* npo)KHBaB Ha narop6ax noHa.u. BicJioiO. A ue BOHM sqMHMJIM .U.JISI cniJibHOI 3Jl06Mqi i rpa6i)KHMQTBa (wydziersdtwa), 6o BOHM me ae 3HaJIH *O.llHHx rocno.u.apcbKHx cnoco6is i 30BCiM He 6yJiu npM3BMqaeui .u.o HHHiwuix npaQb- He BMiJI:u aui o6po6JI.H· TH 3eMJIIO, aHi 3aHMaTHCSI SIKHMM·He6y.U.b peMeCJiaMH qJ1 .u.o6ysaHHSIM npoBiaHry. 06'€/.lHaBliiH CBOI CHJIH, BOHH qacTO Hana,l1.aJIH Ha npyCCbKY, CaKCOHCbKY 3eMJii, ,llOliiKYJISUIH llOCTiHHHMH HaCKOKaMM llOMOpCbKHM .nep)KaBaM, nposiH~i.HM, mo Jie:>KaJIM Ha,n: MopeM. AHa cy.u.ax .HK nipaTM q11 MOpCbKi poa6iHHHKM BOHM B.llHpaJIMCH Ha EaJITiHCbKe, T06To HiMeQbKe, Mope, ~o6 3JI.06YTM co6i moch noTpi6He. KoJIH * i qepe3 HKY oKaaiiO MaJIO cTaTHCSI oue nepeceJieHHSI caspoMaTiB ai.u. r11p11a TaHa1cy, a6o * piKH )J.ouy, i MeoTiMcbKMX 03ep ,llO QHX Kpals? AJie Qe HeBiJI.OMO, 60 H .U.Oci HeMa )KQ,llHOrO nMcbMa, HKe MorJio Qe npoHCHHT.H. CapMaTH :>K 6o He BMiJIH nHCaTH, 6o noJII06JISIJII1 6iJibme KJJonoTJIMBoro Mapca, Hi* cnoKiHHMx Mya, qepea mo qHMaJIO IXHiX 3Ha'liHHX cnpas i no HHHiliiHiH ,llCHb Jie:>KMTb y uiqHiH TeMp.HBi. Eo HK6H TO.lli y caspoMaTiB KBiTHyJio y:>KuaaHH.H HayK Ta nHChMa paaoM a pH~apcbKHM peMeCJIOM, TO uaneBHO 6 3aJIHWMJIHCSI CJiiJlH ixHbOro rrepeceJieHHH ua ui MiCQSI Ta iHWMX ixHix MY:>KHix Ta 3HaqHHX cnpaa. AJJe BOHH BOJiiJIH MY:>KHbO qJ1HHTH i ToqMTH KpHaasi aii1m11, Hi* rapHo i MaiicTepHo ue onH· cysaTH. O.u.HaK Ca6eJIJiiK i fepo.llOT n11myrh, mo capMaTH, JIK i KiMMepitlui (Cymbrowie), BHHWJJH 3 rpeQbKHX KOpJloHiB, 3 MaJiol A3il, Mi:>K llaMcpiJiiero Ta Kanna,lloKi€10, .u.o Mic~b Ha.ll YopHMM MopeM, mo Jie:>KaTb 6i.nJI MOCKOBCbKHx Kop.u.oHiB. Ui Kop.U.OHH 3 .npyroro 6oKY YopHoro MOpSI 6ym1 Ha.A MeoTiHCbKHM o3epoM, HanpoTH TaspuKH. ToMy i1: npo3BaJIM lx Eocnop KiMMepiHChKHH (Cimmerius Bosphorus), 6o TaM paHiwe :>KHJIH KiMMepii:fui, a reHeTI-i (Henetowie) :>KHJIH 3 iHworo 6oKy. A KOJIH BOHH BHHliiJIH, TO qepKeCH H n '.HTMropQi onaHyBaJIH QMMH MicTaMH. Ue MY:>KHi JIIO/.lM, KOTpi rosop.HTb HawoiO MOBOIO i HMHi. ,lleSIKi .llyMaiOTI> npo HHX, I.l\0 IX CHJIOIO BHrHaJII1 rOTI1, i TOMY BOHH 3aJIHWHJlH pi.U.Hi Kpal, aJie ~e He CXO:>Ke Ha npas.ny. AJie Sl TaK 611 .llyMaB mo.no Qboro: BOHH lllBH.U.We I I (c. IX) .no6posinhHO 3aJIHWHJUI . . . . . pt,D.Hl MIC~SI 1 nopymeHl qJ.i TO )I.OJieiO, qJ1 SIKHMCb npOBH,D.lHHSIM, qH, aana· neHi :>Ka,ui6HiCTIO JJ..O qY:>Koro .n.o6pa, nim1111 Ha nowyK po.niOqiwHx Kpais. A..ne He TiJlbKH capMaTH TaK qHHI11111, KOJIH 3aJI11WaJII1 pi.llHi Mic~SI, TaK CaMO qH-

KHHrA I HHJII1 H cyci,nHi 3 HI1Ml1 Hapo,nH, .HKi nOMiHHJIH CDOIO 6aTbKiBil~HHY Ha iHilli, pOJJ.IOl.JiiUi Mic~H Ta KpaiHH. l.J,e l{l1Hl1JIH KiMMepiliL'(i, fOTH, BOJIOXH, IllDe,l(H, caKcoH~i Ta iHmi, 6o

i1 .noci BOHH E cyci.naMH capMaTiB. HeMmKJIMBO, mo6 Jfa 1(9./IUIU·

~e11 Hapo.n ysech y ~i Kpal n epe6pancn, si,noMo,

cTapHx MiCI.VlX, 3ai1HHBlliH i1 Ti Mic~.H ,

mo ,neHKi 3a.JIHillHJIHcn Ha

mo 6pm noKHHYTi iHUIHMH, i )KI1BYTh . . . .. .

TaM C.TiaBHO, npo ll.l,O CDI,nqaTb 1 HHHllliHl )KHTeJil TaMTei.IIHIX KpaiB, KOTpl )KHBYTb no6JIH3Y piKH ,ll,OH, HK-OT TaTapM 3 ,l(HKMX llOJiiB, HKi ,l(0Bfl1MI1 nac-

Hi>;_ capMam· Cbl(!l.{ .MicWl-t :JICufJymb mamapl{

MaMH )KHBYTh Ha,n piKoiO ,ll,oHOM npn MeoTiHCbKHX o3epax 6i.TI.H EBKCMHCbKoro MopH. Ui )K si.n Haumx .nanHix capMaTiB MaJio l{HM pi3HfiTbC.H y 3BHqa.HX Ta iHUJHX Bl.JHHKax. Ko.TIH )K E TaKa ni,nMiHHiCTb y JIIO.UHX Ha cniTi, mo, KpiM TaTap Ta iH.l(iB (lndow), )KO,l(eH He MO)Ke np11CBOITH C06i KpaiHM, y KOTpii1f 611 nocTiliHo )KMB 3 .ui.na-npa.ni.ua. oo l.JHMa.Tio E JIIO,Ueli, KOTpi 6y.TIH y ..

ntBHll.JHHX Kpa.HX, a Tenep )KHBYTb y ntB,l(eHHMX, KOTpl )KI1Jil1 Ha CXO,l(l, aTenep- Ha 3axo,ni; OCb TaK flOCTiHHO CBiT 3MiHIOBaBCH, a .TII0/];11 nocTiHHO ne-

9llamapu ma iHiJu It£ J.MiHIOJOm& ciJoi-t_ .Micljb npo:JICU· fJaHIUl

pece.TIHJIMCH 3 o,nHoro MicQH Ha iHille, IllYKaiOqM po,n10qim11x Kpais. Ix nepece.TI.H.TIH Ta p03CHJia.TIH TaKO)K flO CBiTy .n;aBHi MOHapxH , TaK l.JMHMB ApTaKcepKc , KOTporo CnHTe IlMCbMO 3Be CeHaxepi6, po3CHJia10l.JH Enpels no ncix qacTMHax csiry, mo6 BOHM ni.n lioro naHynaHH.HM HiKOJIM He 6yJIH B E,nHocTi, mo6 BOHH sci pa3oM He 36yHryaanHc.H. T aK caMo qHHH.TIH IM i p11M.TISIHM, i TOMY lx HHHi .nocMTb Ha csiTi. TaK caMo 'lJHHMB i AneKcaH,np BeJIMKHH, qJ1HSITb Te caMe HHHi 11 rypKH. qepe3 QIO MirnaHHHY necb cniT HanosHHBC.H pi3HHMH JIIO,ZJ;bMH. AJie nosepHeMoc.H .no cnpaa11 . Ti capMaTM, KoTpi 6yJIH oci.TI11 Ha.n piKOIO Bicno10, pa30M 3 TeBTOHaMH, T06To HiMQ.HMH, cno-

1(i.Jt~>l(jcm&

IJaHiJaJI&· C&l(!l.t

iMH TOBapHI.llaMH, BCi HaBKOJII1lliHi npoBiHQii i Cfli.TihHi Ma€THOCTi, BBa.JKaH, capMamiD BHiBe'lJ o6epHyJIH csoiMM cnycTOI.II.TIMBHMH Hana.n;aMM. BoHH He Mor.TIM Ca6po.Mamu, a6o :JK

6i.Tibme .no6ysaTM co6i nposiaury, 6o He o6po6.TISIJIM3eMJIIO, a )KMJIH TiJihKH fJaHiJa~~u, 3 ,u.aHMHM Ta 3 rpa6YHK}'· qepe3 CBOIO ,l(MKiCTb BOHH norop,u.H.TIH CB0€10 He- paJO.M n.Tii.l(HOIO 3eMJieiO Ta, np11JIYtiHBillH .no ce6e TeBTOHis, pymM.TIH .na.Tii, myKaIOl.JH po.l(IOl.JilliMX 3eMe.Tib. Ka)KyTb , mo IXH.H l.JMCe.TibHiCTb C.HrHyJia TO.l(i

J meDmo· Ha.Mu nepe· Ce./liL/lUCl>

iJo !lTaHnonii

TpboxcoT TMC.Hl.J My)KiB. BoHM, 3racMBI.IIH iM'SI caspoMaTiB, 6y.TIM Ha3BaHi saH,u.aJiaMH (Wandalitami) si.n piKH BaH,n;aJiy, KOTPY Tenep Ha3MBaiOTb BiCJIOIO i Ha 6eperax .HKoi BOHH )KHJIH. CnoqaTey, 3a qacis iMnepaTopa KoHcTaHTHHa Be.TIHKoro, Qi HanaCHHKH-BaH.n;aJIM pymHJIH Ha YropcbKY 3eM.TIIO i, BHrHaBIDH 3Bi,l(TH nepsiCHHX )KMTeJiiB, OCiJIM B HiM i npOTSifOM 40 poKiB TPHMaJIM.

(c. X) A noTiM, .HK csi.nl.JaTh yropcbKi xpoHicTH, BOHM 6yJIM

3BUTH BMrHaHi H BHKMJ-IYTi rOTaMH. IlOJibCbKi )K xpoHiCTI-1 CDi.l(l.JaTb,

mo BaH-

.U.aJIH 6y.TIM BHBe,u.eHi csoiM BO)K.lJ.eM CTMJiiKOIO (Stylika) 3 yropchKMX Kop- 'BaHiM.JlU .U.OHiB .no lTa.TiiHcbKoi 3eM.Tii, KOTPY cKpi3b nomiiOH.npynanH. IloTiM 3 QHM )Ke DiJupaKJmf>CJl 3o lma~~ii CBOiM BO)K)J;eM CTMJiiKOIO BOHH BHpytiiHJIH ,l(O lcnaHil, a 3 lcnaHii BOHH noma lcnmtii fl.TIM.TIM qepe3 fepK}'Jiecose Mope i npH6ynM.no A<t>pMKM. TaM BOHM )KMJIH B 'BaHiM.Jlu Mupi i scimiKOM}' 6araTCTBi .nsicTi poKiB, qacTo Hana.narol.JH no cymi i MopeM DJlt!fipu!P 'Btu~iM.Jlu

Ha PMMCbK}' .nep)Kasy, i pi3HHMH 6MTBaMH nocJia6HJIH ii; HaBiTh caM PHM aa J~nu.IIU qacis nanH CHKCTa, a6o, SIK xoqyrb .neSIKi, poKy si.n Pb.nsa XpHcToBa 420, PuM )KopcToKo cnJIJOH,npyna.TIH. NK noTiM, y 538 poui, iMnepaTop IOCTHHiau 'BaH&ai6 Duvuulu qepe3 reThMaHa csoro cJiasHoro niiichKa Beni3api.H (Belizara), M}')Ka euep- J Jt!fipufOl

KHMrA I riH:HOI'O, 6JIMCK}"IOf0 3HaB1.(11 BiHCbKOBHX enpan, po36HB ix y KpHBaBiM 6HTBi

i .z:tomeHry nuKopiHHB 3 A<flpHKH. A

ixHhoro Kopomi fHJiiMepa (Gyl imera),

B3HToro y nonoH, HaKaaas npHsecTH ,ZJ.O KoHcTaHTHHonomi. ):(eHKi KaJKYTb, mo Hi6MTO QieJO BeJii3apienmo 6nTBOIO necb Hapo,ZI. naH,ZJ.aJiiB Man 6YTM BHHMI.UeHMM MBMKopiHeHHM, aJie l.(e 3Ha"'HO p03XO,ZJ.HTbCJI3 iCTHHOIO, I.UO MO)KHa ,ZJ.onecTH He o,ZJ.HHM apryMeHTOM. Xoq ixHi CHJIH TaM 3Ha"'HO 3aHenaJIH i13MeHI1IHJIHCJI i HiKOJIH B>Ke He 3MOrJIH ,ZJ.OCJ~ITH nepnicHoi no-ryru, O,ZJ.HaK IX pernTKM TaK po3nOp01IIMJIHCJI, TiKaiO"'H, I.UO ,ZJ.eHKi 3 HHX llOBepTaJIHCJI ,ZJ.O fiOJibl.J..{i, ,ZJ.O MiCI.(b llOHa,ZJ. BiCJIOIO, HK ,ZJ.O pi,ZI.HOI 3eMJii, 3Bi.U.KH BOHH B3HJIH cniii no"'aToK; ,ZJ.eHKi pyrnHJIH .ZJ.O fpel.(ii, a ,ZJ.eHKi ,ZJ.O YropcbKOi Ta HiMel.(hKoi 3eMJii .D.JIJ~ 3.ZJ.o6yTT.a HOBHX oci,ZJ.JIOCTeii, po3nopowuJIHCJ~ no cniry. lxHi pernTKM po3ciHJIHCJI Ha ninHo'-Ii, >KHB)'Tb Ha)J. pi'-IKOIO EiJioiO, t

••

•

B>KHBaiOTb nepena>KHO CJIOB HHCbKOI MOBH, a csoe KHH3IBCTBO, y KOTPOMY BOHH )f(HBYTb, cyci.ZJ.HE i3 IIpycchKOIO 3eMnero, Ha3HnaiOTb BaH,ZJ.aJibChKMM; 'BaHiJa;u,. Cbl(/

lxHiii BO)K.lJ.b, a6o KHJ~3b npyccbKMX noJinKiB, no npasy u.ew THT}'JI co6i npH-

I(!UlJi8cm8o

BJiaCHIOE. A Bci HiMQi, B3HBliiM Ha3BY Bi,ZJ. BaH,ZJ.aJiiB, Ha3HBaiOTb BciX capMaTiB,

'BaHiJGJiu,

KOTpi I'OBOpHTb CJIOB 'HHCbKOIO MOBOIO, BaH,ZJ.aJiaMH a6o BeHe,ZJ.aMH, a MOpe,

a6o 8eHeiJu,Cilo6 )mu

KOTpe OMHnae CapMaTiro, Ha3MBaiOTb BeHe.ZJ.CbKMM (Wenedyckim). IIponyc-

'BeHeiJcb'(!

KaJO iHllli icTopii npo QHX saH,ZJ.aJiin 3apa,n11 CTHCJIOCTi BHKJia.n.y. ToMY Hi'-Ioro

.Mope

npo HHX He nurny, TiJibKH Te, J.J..{O BOHH 6yJIH .lzy)f(e cysopi Ta )f(OpCTOKi i l.(HM

Pycb

npoTMCTOMH iHWHM; i J.J..{e M: .lJ.OTenep y JiirypriJ~x (litaniach) pHMCbKOro Ka-

no~oiJumb

6W8aH·

TOJIHI.(bKoro KOCTbOJiy cniBaiOTb: «Bi,ZJ. BaH,ZJ.aJiiB 3BiJibHH HaC, focnO,ZJ.H»

iJGJiiiJ

iT. ,ZJ.. fiicJIJI l.(MX BaH,ZJ.aJiiB 3 l.(HX )l(e capMaTCbKHX KpaiH Bi.ll. piKH ):(oay i MeoTii1cbKHX o3ep 6epe csii1 noqaTOK iHlliHH )l(OpcTOKHH Hapo,ZI., TOTO>K-

Pol(f.ollaHu - HHH nepllloMy. Horo Ha3usaiOTb poKcoJiaHaMH, pycaMH (russami) i pyccro iJpyzur1 cap.Mam·

(rusil:l), //(c. XI) HK csi,ZJ.'-IHTb npo l.(e icTopHK IIpoKonili. Bonrap:w e npo-

HilpoiJ

3BaHi TaK TOMJ, mo ceJIMJIMcn Ha piqu.i Bon3i i 3Bi.D.TM B3HJIM cnili noqaTOK,

'Bo11zapu Pil(a 'BoJLta

BOHH € no.n.i6HHMM ,ZJ.O pyci CBOIMH 3BJ11.JaHMH Ta CJIOB'HHCbKOIO MOBOIO. Al.(JI

Ct.IQLr1

cnasHa piKa BoJira, KOTPY t.IHMaJIO JIIO,ZJ.ei:f noMHJIKoso ssa)l(aiOTb ):(oHOM, I1ToJieMei1 '-IOMJCb Ha3HBae Pa (Reba), a TaTapH -ITMJib (Edel), e Kop.n.oHOM, mo niMiJIJ~€ MocKosiiO si.n. .lJ.MKMX TaTap. To.u.i u.i poKCOJiaHM, a6o

Pycr,

6 '.71Ta8pu lji

)I(

pycb,

3 TaspiMIJ,JIMH i 3 6onrapaMI1 BHaCJii.U.OK CBOEI llO,ZJ.i6HOCTi Ta cniJibHOCTi 3BH'-JaiB y )l(HTTi 3.li.PY)l(I1JIHCH i1 yKJianH TosapHCTBO, a o6'e.n.HaBlliH enol CHJIH, pyrnHJII1 .ZJ.O TaBpiM:CbKMX KpaiB, KOTpHMM HHHi BOJIO,ZJ.iiOTb nepeKOllCbKi TaTapH. TaM BOHM o6pa.n11 co6i 3PY'-~He Micl.{e ,ZJ.JIH noceJieHHH, ane npo Te, HK .LJ.OBrO

TaM BOHH 6yn11 i KOJII1 yYJ.J.H npm1UIJIH, HeMa neBHOI Bi.LJ.OMOCTi, 60

He 3HaMlllJIOCSI cepe.LJ. HHX )KO.lJ.HOro, KOTpHH: 611 3aHoTysas Ha nMChMi TepMiH i lxHi .n.ii ,ZJ.JI.H naM'J~Ti Mai16)'THiM HaUJ,a,ZJ.KaM Ha ni'·IHi '-JacM. ):(eHKi TBep)J.J~Tb, C11HpaiOtii1Cb Ha CTapO.LJ.aBHi 3BiCTKI1, ll.\0 tiaCTHHa pOKCOJiaHiB Ha

'Eonzapu· capA1amu J pyce~o poJ6UIIU mpr,o~

l(ptt·

qoni 3i cnoiM BO)I<AeM XpyHHOM (Chnmnem), noqyslllli npo yco6Hl.{i Mi)K xpHCTI1HHCbi<HMI1 I<HH3HMH y fpeQil, nepenpasMJIHCH '-Iepe3 ,ll.yHaH i pywMJIM npocTo .u.o <l>paKii, UJ,06 II cnJIIOH.ll.pynaTM; TOJJ.i BOHH i1 po3611m1 KOHCTaHTHHonoJibCbKoro iMnepaTopa 3 iioro '-IHMa.JIHM sii1ChKOM. BoHH po36HJIH ra-

cma11muHO·

KO)K 6inn A.n.piaHonoJI11 iMnepaTopis HHI<H¢opa Ta M11xaiJia Kypona.naTa. i.MnepamopiB noTiM BOHI1 3aXOlll1JI11 o611.LJ.Bi Mbii i Ha3Ba.JIH II 3a CBOIM iMeHeM BoJIJ·anOJibCI>I(U~

KHMrA I pi€10, m.o II Tenep 3B}'Th ooJirapi€10. IHiui 3 HHX onaHynanM PychKY KpaiHy, 'Eomapi.sl 'iJOJIZilli.Jl .SIKY Ha3BaJIM 3a cnoiM iMeHeM BoJIHHH10 (Wolhyniem), si~ piKH Bonr11. IHwi PyciJJ(j 3 HHX OCiJIH TaKO>K y KpaiHax no~iJibCbKHX, JIHTODCbKHX, ni~.SlCbKHX Ta Ma3oBeU.bKHX. Bci BOHH, onaHynanwM u.i csol Micux, He 3MiHH.JIM ix i ~oci, KpiM TH.X, m.o ociJIM B Mi3il, 6o u.i 6i~oJiaxH, 3MHJIYMC.Sl rocno~H DO>Ke, HHHi o6epHyJIHC.Sl Ha MYCYJibMaH, no~iJIH10qH nOMHJIKY MaroMeTa, a TYPKH He Ma10Tb HiKOrO, Kpa~HX 3a HHX, TOMY cepe,n: HHMqapiB € 6araTO XTO 3 HHX. AJJe iJ:IWi >KH.TeJii CapMaTil, xoq i Ma10Th pi3Hi Ha3BH ni.n: ~asHix icTopHKis, o,n:HaK 6ym1 o6'€,D.HaHi s €Bponel1cbKil1 CapMaTii cnos'.SlHCbKOIO Moaoro, a IXHi iMeHa 6yJIH TaKHMH: HaCaMnepe~ reHeTH, ~0 BHMWJIH 3 naqmaroHii, .SlK BMIU;e 6yno cKa3aHo. HocHcp BHBO~H.Th ix si~ PHcpaTa, CHHa foMeponoro, a ai~ Hhoro noxo~HTh i Ha3Ba PHcpei:icbKHX rip y CapMaTii. I..U po3MHO>KHJIHC.Sl To,n:i cno'llaTey s IJIJiipii, HanoBHHJIM csoiM Hapo.n:oM lcTpiro, Mi3iiO, ,li.aKi10 i )lanMauiro, HaaiTh npH-HmnH ~o MaKe,n:oHii Ta AJJ6aHii. lloTiM, KOJIH BOHH BOIOBaJIH 3 MaKe,n:OHIJ..SlMH, JM 6ya ,n:aHHH B 3apy'liHHKH ~e ~HTHHOIO <l>iJiin, 6aTbKO AneKcaH,n:pa, i aiH TaM BHB'liMB ixHIO Mosy. DoTiM BiH ix ,n:y>Ke maH)'BaB, m.o po6MB ni3Hiwe i -Horo CH.H AneKcaH,n:p, KOTpH.H .n:as iM JIHCTa, TeKCT HKOrO llOJibCbKi XpOHicTH nepenHCaJIH CJIOBO B CJIOBO 3 'lleCbKHX xpoHiK: I I (c. XII) Mu, A.ttexcaHap, cuH y He6i 1w:uou~ozo 6oza JOnimepa, a 1ta 3e.M.!Li - Ma?ceiJouCb'KOZO KopOJIJL <l>i.Jtina, naH ceimy oiiJ cxoiJy iJo 3axoiJy, oiiJ niBO'H,R, iJo niBH(JI{~ nepeMO:Nce?&'b MiOiUC'b'KUX, nepc'b?CUX, zpe?&'b?CUX, cupiuc'b?CUX i BaBU/l.OHC'b'KUX 'Kopo.Jti8Cm8 i m. iJ. BaM, ocoi'lleJWMJ poiJy zeHemCb'KOMJ ( a6o CJLOB RHCb'KOMJ), MU/l.icm'b, Mup i no3iJopoeJLm'H,R, eiiJ Hac i oiiJ HaUlux Ha.MicHu'KiB, R'Ki 6yiJym'b niCJLR Hac naHyeamu u Kepyeamu ceimoM. OC?Cilt'b?Cu ou ?taM 3aB:HCiJu 6yJLu npu'K!LaOoM: y oipi npaBOMOBHi, J 6umoi ?taiJiUH~ BoU081£U'll~ 3a8JfCOu 'H£BmOMHi, mo MU OaE.M.O BaM HaBNHO BCi Kpai"HU BiO niBHi'llH020 AtopR, 8MU'K020 Jl'bOOOBUm020 O'KeaHy, a:HC 00 niBOeH,'i£020 C'Ke.JLJl,CmOZO fma.ttiUC'b'KOZO MopR, ~06 JfCOOe?t 8 ?&UX 'Kpai'Hax He CMiB OCe.JLJl,mUCR, a milt'b'KU eaUli HaU&aiJ'Ku. Jl?CU&O :HC xmo-?te6yiJ'b ma?Cuu i 3HauiJem'bCJ£ 3 'l{yJKUx HapoiJiB, mo Hexau ei'll?tO 6yiJe eamw.t niiJiJauUM. i CJLyzo10 3i ceol.Mu Ha~aiJ'Ka.Mu. )(a'H.O B A.tteKca'HOpi~ Micmi, R'Ke 6yJLo 1W.MU 3acuoeauo uaiJ pi?Co10 H iltoM, pOKy naHyBaH'H.R ?taUlozo 12-zo 3 003BQJLY Be.JLU'Kux 6ozie lOnimepa i Mapca it 6ozuHi Mi?tefJeu. Bm U.MX >Ke reHeTiB 3a qaciB ATTiJIH , >KopcToKoro yropcbKoro KopoJI.Sl, 6yJio 36y.n:osaHe 3Ha'l1He MicTo BeHeui.SI Ha ~piaTH'liHOM)' Mopi i1 Ha3BaHe TaK Bi~ IXHbOro iMeHi. oiJiblUicTb ~peBHix i cyqacHHX icTOPMKiB noro.n:>K}'IOTbC.Sl 3 THM, mo reHeTH. 6yJIM capMaTCbKHM Hapo~oM. Ue 3acai~'liY€ i ,l(io.n:op CHUHJiiHchKHM (Diodorus Siculus), KOJIH Ka>Ke: nacpJiaroHCbKi Hapo,n:H BHMlUJIH am l.JopHoro MOp.Sl, cnoBHHJIH 6inhmy 'llaCTHH)' niBHi'liHHX KpaiB y €Bponi i 6yJIH Ha3BaHi capMaTaMH Bi~ MiCUeBHX capMaTiB, KOTpHX ,n:aBHi reorpacpH no-pi3HOM)' Ha3HBaJIH 1 .SIK-OT: aHTH, 60CH.SIKH, 6ypryH~H, riTIOHH, }'M6pH, 6ypru, apreTH, rsa,n:H, 6epyJIM, ne'lleHiru, 6eccu, .n:e HH.Hi Di~rip'H, i TOM}', BH~Ho, caMe si.n HHX 6epe caoro Ha3sy Eeq. IHIIIHM nacMoM npocT.SlrJIHC.Sl TarpH, 6aCTapHH, irJiiOHH, faJJiH,nH, cy~HHH, yM6pOHH, apriOTH, ca6oTH iT. ,n:., ~e HHHi JIHTBa 3acrynHJia, a H~ MopeM: OCCH, 6opyccH, BeJibTH, .n:e HHHi >KHBYJ'b npyccu Ta iHcpJI.SIH,n:~i. TpeTiM nacMoM, 3ri.n:Ho 3 TIToJieMe€M, )K

HapoiJu

Cap.Mamu 6uuUl.llu J 9TaifJJ1a· WHi~

tJW

<tfopHOZO .M.opR 9TOCUIU!HKR. UHtmi6

Ylucm

JVleJ(faHiJpa

'!Je.n Ul(fJZO

iJo UIUmi8

vwaop Cuyu.Aiuc.,'Glu npo capAcamiiJ (tfe Sannati.s)

Cap.Mamct>llj

ltapoiJu

KHllrA I notJaBmH B~ MopSI, noceJIH.JIHCb ~<ap6oHH, KapqoTH, araTHpcH, aopc11, naraPHTH, caaapH, aqH6H, Bi6ioHH, i,npH, crypHH, pyccH, aJiaHH, KoTpHx Tenep

i CJii.zcy HeMa, a SIKIUO i

€, TO BOHH iHaKme 3B}'ThCSI, SIK·OT pOKCOJiaHH- Hi6HTO

pycH Ta aJiaHH, KoTpi noceJIHJIHCH noHa,n MeoTii1cbKHM oaepoM, .n.e TaHaic

Y HbOrO BOa,Aa€.

flicJISI HHX rapiOHH, capraTH, aMaKC06H, KOTpi He MaJIH HiHKHX )J.OMiB, xi6a JUO THX, SIKi B03HJIH Ha B03aX TaK, HK HHHi p06JIHTb Ta·

TapH. TaKom H3HrH, ryHHH, TaapocKiqm B TaBpHQi, .ne HHHi mHB}'Tb nepeKonchKi TaTapH. BpemTi, THpcH, araTHpcH, MacareTH, riToHH, 6o,nOHH, <f>iHHH, lliBe)J.H, aMa)J.OKH, MOCKH (mosski), 11..e HHHi noceJIHJIHCSI MOCKOBHTH i Bill. HKHX np03BaHa Maifme BCH MOCK08CbKa MOHapxiSI, TaK CaMO HK oyp· ryHll.iH si.n. 6ypryH.D.iB, IllneuiR si.n. IliBell.iB, EocHiH si.n. 6ocHHKiB, EoreMiH I

(c. XIII) Bill. qexis, EonrapiH Bi.z:\ piKH BoJirH, 60.l\YHH Bill. piKR )loHy, riTToHH ai.n reTiB a6o roTiB, MocKH si.n. MocKa (Mosska), 6paTa .HcpeTonoro. Pycb Sauro.s noXO/l.HTb Bi,n poaciHHHH, 6o MY)f(Hi pycbKi Hapo,nH cKpiab wHpoKo poaciH-

omma01(9 .R~ipiQl

JIHCH noHall. Y:opHHM MopeM. ToMy ix i Ha3HBaiOTb rpeKH cnopaMH, T06To po3nopomeHHMH, a iHwi HapO/l.H, KOTpi )f(HB}'Th y EBponei1chKii1 CapMaTii,

(Ao6RHU HaaBaHi HHMH caspoMaTaMH a Sauros et omnia, i SIK CJIOBaKH Bill. CJIOBa, TaK noma ca(Jpo- JIHKH Bill. piBHOrO llOJISI a6o )I( Bill. llOJIIOBaHHSI 3)J.aBHa BHBO/l.SITb CBOIO Ha3By. .Mamu- oiJHe U mt CaMe Y ciJie3bKiH )f(e MOBi CJIOBO «MHCJIHBCTBO» (myslistwo) 03Hatta€ TaKO)f( i HOBe

MiCI..~e PiJHUIYJ

y CJI06RH· cbl(ju .MolJi

(plac), a QeH HapO/l. )f(HBe, BBa)f(aH, y roJiiH, Bi,nKpHTiH KpaiHi i 3

npHpO/l.H e MHCJIHBCbKHM. Ui capMaTChKi Hapo.nH po3.D.iJieHi Ha 6araTo pi3HHX npoBiHr:(iH: i MaiOTh pi3Hi Ha3BH. OcKiJibKM ixHi 3eM.Jii Ta KpaiHH po3TalllOBaHi Ha BeJI.HKiH Bi)J.CTaHi 0/l.Ha Bill. tJ.pyroi, TO BOHH OOCJiyryroByiOTbC.SI

. ..

pt3HHMM MOBaMH, XO"'a BCl BOHH € O)J.HOrO CJIOB SIHCbKOrO Hapo.ny 1 O)J.Hl€1 CJIQB' SIHCbKOI MOBH. TaK, MOCKOBHTH MaJIO l.JHM piJHHThC$1 MOBOIO Bi/l. pyci, a pycb, y CBOIO qepry, MaJIO "'HM pi3HHTbCH MOBOIO Bi,n. llOJI.SIKiB i Ma3ypiB. A.Jr.e 6oreMr:(i 3 XOpBaTaMH B)f(e BHpa3Hime CBOIM KWTaJITOM MOBH Ta Bill.MiHOIO .neHKHX CJiiB, TaKO)I( i aKQeHTaMI1, TaK piJH.SITbC$1, mo "!aCOM O)J.HH tJ.pyroro Ba)f(KO po3yMi€, .SIK~O, )I<MBY4H y npH.SI3Hi 3 co6010, BOHH 6 He 3HaJIH iHWOI MOBH. !lfpU'tUHO

6iiJAiiH· HOCmi MiX CJI06RH· Cbl(.UMU

.Mo8a.Mu

CapMaTH :i1 cJioB'.SIHH, 6y.nyq11 noH:onHWH1MM H: MY)f(HiMH, He JII06JI.SI4H 6e3· ll.i.SIJibHOCTi, npOXO)J.HJIH pi3HI1MH ttaCTHHaMH CBiry H Oci)J.aJIH B "!Y)I(HX KpaSIX TaM, 11..e IM OO)J.06aJIOCSI, a B)I(HBaHHJIM ( tty)I(HX] CJiiB nopiJHHJIH CJIOB'.HHCbKY MoBy. Ool.laToK :>Ke Haworo cnon'.SIHCbKoro Hapo.ny .nanHi xpoHicTM TaK BMBO/l..SITb. HacaMnepeJJ. ni.n .H<PeTa, CMHa HoEnoro, KOTpH:i1 ttepe3 .HBaHa, a noTiM Eenicca (Belisse) pa30M 3 rpeKaMH po3MHO)I(HB cnoB'SIHCbKHH Hapo,n Ha,D: JoHiWCbK11M Ta EreikhKMM MOpHMM, npo W.O 6y11..e CKa3aHO HM)I(qe npH OllMCi rpeuil. 3ni,UTM, .SII< DMiliYTh, BOHH npni1WJIM )).0 Cep6ii, .ll,aJIMauii, Mi3il, EoJirapil, Eonlil, XopnaTii, llaHHOHil, CJianoHil i .no 6araTbOX iHWI1X I<paiH, a ixHiM: Hatna.noK Ali.SIMic (Aiamic) Man cnHa BaH.n.aJia (Wandalusa), Bi)l. JII<OfO 6epyTb CBii1 DO'-IaTOK BaH)l,aJIH, a B:>Ke Ui OBOJIO)J.iJIM llOJibCbKHMM, pyCbi<HMM, Kamy6CbKMMI1, 4eCbKliMI1, MOpaBCbKI1MI1, CJIOB'JIH-

VpeiJuicm!J CJUJIJJzll lcmopw(a.Af

r...r

CbKI1MI1, )J.aJIMaUbKMMM, 6ocHiMCbi<MMI1, yropCbK11MI1, XOpBaTCbK11MI1, 6oJIrapCbK11MJ1 Kpa'iHaMH i TaM p03MHO:>KHJIHCH . .AJie )J.iJHaEMOCH i3 CTapo,naBHiX TBOpiB .n.peBHiX iCTOp11Kil3, llJ.O CJIOI3'SIHCbK~fll HapO.ll. y fla<flJiafOHCbKiH I<paiHi Manol A3ii Ha,n Y:opH11M MopeM KniTHYB me y l.lacn TpoHHCbKOI

KHIIrA I niwHn. 3ni}l.TH BHJ:huJIH reHeTH, KOTpHx DToJieMei1 Ha3t-ma€ TaKO)K He

cno-

s'smaMn, a capMaTaMH, T06TO Bi.A Ol.JeH, .HK y .Hll..\ipKH, ll..\0 Hi6MTO BOHM Japa,n.H CJlaBM llHYJ111C.H 3 ycix CMJI, BHTpill..\aiOl.JM Ot.Ji. npoKoni:H KecapiikhKMH, onHcyiOqM roTChKY sii1HY Ja qacio iMnepaTopa IOcTMHiaHa, i oJIOH.Ayc, KOTpHii 3a CTO ,AeC.HTh poKiB .AO Hboro Han Mean icTopiiO npo JaHena,A PMMCbKOI

qffomo:JIC·

.n.ep)l(asn, /I (c. XIV) Hacni,uyiO"'M ApKa,ui.H i foHopi.H }l.aBHilliMX qacis, Jra- Hicmb C/108 RH .n.ysanu npo cJion'sm. i1op,naH )Ke An.HHyc (Alanus) y cnolx KHMrax Ka)Ke, l.I.W iJ cap.Ma· 1 ma.Mu CJIOB .HHCbKe iM'.H Ja HOrO l.JaCiB 6yno HODMHOIO, aJie MOBa, .HKOI BOHM B)f<HBaiOTb, icHy€ BiMasHa. DMllle Qeii Hop.uaH, TaKO)K i cs. fp11ropiii, neplliHH 3 QI1M iMeHeM pMMCbKHH EnMcKon, IJ..\O cnon'.HHM )KMJIM Ha nisHi"'HOMY 6epe3i piKn .llyHaiO, a6o )I( lcTpy. DoTiM BOHI1 nepeJ:ili.IJIM .ll.yHai1, JaBOIOBaJIH o611,nsi MiJil, DaHHOHiiO, MaKe/.l.OHiiO, paKiiO, lcrpi10, oci;m Mi)K piKaMH

'lljo ZO· 8opumr,

npo CJiofJ RH cO. 1"puzopii1

O.u.ep Ta C.HH, B ln;ripil Ta,llaJIMaQil, 11.anunt QMM cnon'..HHCbKHM KpaiHaM HaJBH, i JonciM JHeCMJIMJIH PHMChK}' ,Aep)Kasy. 0Qi )I( cnon'.HHM He ,AaBaJIH cnycKY i1 HiMeUhKMM KpaiHaM i TaK poJlllMPMJIHC.H, ~o TPHMaiOTh MaH)Ke

nonoe

BHHY €spon11 Ta noJIOBMHY AJil. HaiiMOryTHillli Ta Haii6iJihllli Hapo,nH, .HKi B)KMBalOTb CJIOB'.HHCbKOI MOBH,- Qe 6oJJrap11, 60CH.HKH, cep6H, XOpBaTM,

Jll(j

iJIJJipii1Qi, KapMH, icTpH, paQM , ,l(aJIMaTHHQi, 6ypryH.AH (a;re Qi BTpaTMJJM CJIOB'.HHCbK}' MOBy), lllTHpiiiui, llOMOp.HHH, llO.U.OJI.HHH, BOJIMHUi, pycb, MOJI-

i~ 6azaTTUJ

CJI08JlHCbl(j HapoiJu i .RI(.

.lf.aBaHM, BaJiaXH, n'slTMrOpl\i, qepKeCM, 1II11pOKO naHyiOqa JJMTBa, Kallly6M, saH.LJ.aJIH, ciJJeJQi, MopasaHH, 6oreMI.\i, qex11, noJJ..HKH, MaJypH, npycc11 Ta iHIIIi. A B ycix QHX nponiHI.\i.Hx ni.u JlbO,AODHToro oKeaHy, KOTPMH no6JJMJY Dz.o8 RHC bl(j I({JpaoHu ,nep)l(aB BeJIMKOrO KH.HJ.SI MOCKOBCbKOrO .LJ.y)Ke liiMpOKO npoCT.HrHyBCH Ha niBH01.Ji, aJK .n.o Cepe.n.JeMHoro Ta A.n.pianiqHoro Mopis npO)l(MBa€ Hapo.ll. 1 CJIOB .HHCbKOI MOBH. TaKO)K Bi,A EBKCHHCbKOrO MOp..H Ba.JiaXH, MOJI,U.aBaHH Ta i:aiiii pycbKi Hapo.u.H MalOTb CBOI noceJieHHH a)K ,AO HiMeQbKOro MOpH. monpas,Aa, l.JMMaJIO 3 HHX JMiHMJIM cnoci6 CBOrO )KHTTSI Ha qy)l(i 3BM1.Jai, RK-OT: 60CHRKM, 60Jirapn, cep611, pai.:(H, )J,aJIMaTMHI.:(i JMiHMJIM Ha Typel._\hKi Ta yropcbKi, n'.HTHrOpl.\i ii qepKecH Ha TaTapcbKi, 6ypryH.U.l\i, MiccH, noMopHHH ii ci.JieJui Ha HiMeQhKi, JJHTBa, pycb, MaJypH TPHMaiOTbC.H 3 nonxKaMH, IIIT11pii1l\i, KapMM, icTpM, innipiiil.\i 3rO)J.)KYIOThCR 3 iTaJiiHL\RMM. O,u.HaK sci BOHH, X01.J i poJciruiHC.SI Ta p03nOpOIIIHJIMCH llOMiiK qYJKHMM Hapo.n.aMM, p03MOBJIHIOTb, OC06JIHBO no CeJiaX, pi.AHOIO CJIOB '..HHCbKOIO MOBOIO, .u.e~O

co.

cponi.M 6uHauUlo6 CJI08 SlHCf>l(f nuct..Mo

JMiHHBlliH ii. 3 I.:(horo Hapo.u.y noxo}l.HTh en. €poHiM, .U.OKTop, KOTp11i1 nepeKJias Ei611i10 cnos'.HHChKOIO MOBOJO, a Bill. nan11 ,ll,aMaca (Damasa) .u.icTaB .n.oJBiJI, ~o6 noMiJK pyccro 6yna cnyJK6a EoJKa cnon'.HHChKOJO MOBOIO. BiH po.u.oM 6ys IIITHpiEQb, IKMB y qacM rpa[\iaHa i eo.n.ociJI I I (c. XV), iMnepaTopis. ~eH BMHaHWOB llMCbMO, HKe H HMHi 3DeMO pycbKMM. AJie iHWi KaIKfTb,

mo paHiwe BHHaiiwos Qe nHChMO Kup11no, .siKMii nocnas KHMrn, nu-

'Dol(]tWp ?\}lpUllo

caHi QMM nnchMOM, npoTM IOJ1iaHa Bi.n.cTynHMKa. CapMaTM 3.ll.ii1cHHJ1H 6araTo 3HaqHHX i MY)I(Hix cnpas, oco6JIMBO KOJIH poKconaHH, Ha~a,AKH KoTpHx 3Byrhc..H HMHi pycaKaMM, MYJKHhO TOl.JHJIM BeJIHKi ii noryJKHi 6HTBH 3 Pycr,.MOJla 6iilHu 3 nOH· MHTPH.AaToM, noHTiMChKHM KoponeM, Ta noHTiiin;JIMH. A n:eii MMTPH.ll.aT miikr,'(JI.M TpHMaB ni,A CB0€10 BJia)J,OIO Ti KpaiHM, B HKHX HHHi naHyiOTb TfpKH. BOHH P(flpOMM !Mumpu· npoBa,AHJlH TaKO)K TpHBa.Jii BiHHH 3 pHMJIJIHaMH Ta iHWHMH cyci)J.HiMH &TTUJ.M

KHHrA I Hapo~aMH, n~aiO'IHCh .no ncimrKMX xuTpo~in • .Ane "'epea Te mo neJiu no-

raHChKHH cnoci6 )KJfTTSI, BOHH He 3HaJIH llHChMa, BHaCJii.l(OK qoro MHH}'J111X t

•

• u

•

cnpaB He nparHyJIH 3anaM HTaTH, He 3aJIHlliHJIH Ha~aAKaM .l(aBHlX ~111, BCIM Q11M JiefKOBa)KHJIH. Aile TOM, XTO XOTiB 611 IIHJihHime npH.l(I1BHTHC11 .l(O UHX ?ft 6ylto cnpan, He no6aqHTh )KO.l(Horo Hapo,ny, RKHM 6yn 611 xopo6pimHM ni.n cap3/CtWnozo MaTiB, OCKiJILKH BOHH Bci BOEHHi B11npo6ynaHHSI, XOJIO.l(, Hero_ny Ta iHWi Hapoqy. :c.opo6piuwz.o no_ni6Hi .l(O 1..\HX HenpHEMHi peqj Ta BHITa.l(KH JierKO nepeHOCHJIH i 3a.l(JISI 6ea· ;a cap.Mami8 CMepTHOi CJiaBH, SIKf He CTepJIH )KO.l(Hi CTOJiiTTR, He WKO.lcyBaJIH CBOfO )KHT·

TSI, He 6oSIJIHCSI cMepTi, npoTu,niMH pi3HHM He6e3neKaM. ITpo ixHIO 3HaMe· HHT}' M)')KHicTb Ta CMiJIHBicTh cepQSI SIK npo OC06JIHBO .l(HBOBH)KH}' piq llHCaB TOM Oni~iii Ha30H (Ovidius Nazo), nHrHaHHM 3 PHMY .no TaspH,nH Ha 6epe· rH EsKC.HHChKOro MOpR, TaKHMH cJionaMH n KHH3i 1 «3 lloHry, EJieriH2 .no MaKCHMa» (de Ponto, Elegia 2 ad Maximum):

Hostibus im mediis interq pericula versor Ianquam cum patria, pax sit adempta mihi. Qui mortis sauo geminent ut vulnere causas, Omnia vipereo spicula felle linunt. Hie eques instruetus, perterrita mania lustral, More lupi clausas cireumentis oues. meta rigent fixu, veluti vellata figuris, Portaq vix firma summovet arma sera.

mo TIO-TIOJibChKH TAK MO)l{E EYTH ITEPEKJIA,l(EHO: Cepe.n soporis Ta cepe.n noraH.HX R )f<HBy, Hi611 HaBi'lfHO BHrHaHHM 3 siT'lfH3H.H. BoHH )I( np.H'li.HHY cMepTi MeHi 3 no.nsii1HHM CTapaHHHM IIIyKaiOTh, Cnol cTpiJIH HaCWlYIOTb 3MiiHOIO OTPfTOIO. 036poEHHi1 BORK rrp.HrJISI.l(aETbCH .no siikLKa, RK rOJIO.l(HHH BOBK KPfTHTLCSI, KOJIH qyE sisu:i. CTiHH 3 ycix 6oKiB )I(OPCTOKHM.H cTpiJiaMH BKPHTi, 36pOio Jie.l(Be 3HOC.SlTb po36.HTi KI16HTKH. ,llo Qboro )1(, EJlEfl.H 3

Aut quid Sauromatafaeiunt, quid iasiges acres? Cultaq Orestea Iauriea terra Dea? Quaq, alia gentes, ubi frigore constitit Ister Dura, meat celeri, terga per ornnis a quo. Maxima pars horninum, nee te pulcherrima cw·rat Roma, nee Ausonii militis anna timet. Dant sitlis animos arcus, plenaq p!wn:tra; Quaq, tibet longis cursibus apt us equus I I (c. XVI) Quodq sitim didicere diu tolerare, Jarnemq. Quodq sequens nullas hostis habebit aquas.

KHHrA I UE )l( TI0-110JlbChKl1:

A6o ~o

capMaTH tiHH51Tb i cniJibHi

HI1MH H311nr a TaspixicbKii1 3eMJJi soiloBHH'Ii. A iHwi Hapo~I-l y Qii1 xoJIO~HiM KpaiHi, )I.e KOH51M BKpHBalOTb xpe6eT B TeqiJ ,lJ.yHalO. 3 QHX JllO~eM nepeBa)f(Ha qaCTHHa He 3a Te6e CTO.HTb, TipeKpacHHM PHMe, He 6oHTbC.H cTpin AB30HOBHx. Ili~HOCHTb IXHiH ~ WBH~KOCTpiJibHi JIYKH J KOHi, KOTpi .RKHaMKpa~e BHTpHMJIOTb 6y~b-.RKe BHnpo6yBaHHH. BoHH BMiJOTb nepeHOCHTH BC.HKY cnpary Ta rono~. )J.o6pe po3yMiiOTb 6y~b-.HKe BO€HHe peMeCJIO. TaM :>Ke .no BecTaniH, EJIEfUI

7, KHI1fA 4

(Idem ad Vestalem Elegia 1, lib. 4) Ipse vides onerata f erox ut ducat Iasis Per rnedias Istri plauslra, sonantu aquas. Aspicis et miti sub adunce Toxica fero, Ad Lathum causas mortis habere duas. IIO-IlOJlhChKH: CaM 6a'IHIII, ~o po6HTb cysop11M: .R3HfCbKHH Hapo~, Ilocepe~ .li.YHaiO annan, a:>K CTHCKa€TbC.R cepQe . .Ea~n1w i cMepTeJihHY OTPYTY ni~ rocTpMM 3aJii3oM, II.J;o ~a€ ~0 CMepTi O,l(HoqacHO ~Bi npHqi1HI1. )J.o Cesepa,

EJIEfHI 19

(Ad Severum Elegia 19) NuUa Gethis gens est toto truculentior orbe 7inctaq mortifera tella sagitta madet. IIO-IIOJihChKH: )l(o~eH Hapo~ He MO)f(e nepeBHI.l.{HTH reTiB y )f(OpCTOKOCTi,

.Eo a lxHix cTpinax CI1JibHa oTpYTa MaE cMepTOHOCHe JIO)f(e.

3 Qboro csi~'leHH.R Osi~i.R BH.RBJI.RETbC.R, mo cap MaTH- Qe TaKHH )f(OpCTOKHH Hapo~, ll(O HiKoro, HasiTb i p11MCbKol noTYrH, He 6oiThCSI, a Os~ii1 nMIIIe: «Nee pulclumima curat Roma, etc,)>, BoHH TaKi CMiJI11Bi cepu;eM, ll(O no Kp113i nepeXO.ZVITb BeJIHKHMH 3aroHaM11 1.1epe3 )J.yHaH, a Be~YTb TaKHH ~11KHH cnoci6 )f(HTT.R, l.l.{O n'IOTb KiHCbKY KpOB, 3MilliaHY 3 MOJIOKOM, i 6araTO iHmHx no~i6H11X peqei:f nHIIIe npo HHX Osi~ii1. KOJII1 CKa3aTH npo ~aBHi 3BI1qai Ta 3aKOHI1 1.\bOfO Hapo~y, TO BOHM, Ma6YTb, 6yn11 TaKMMH. Y nepsicHHx qacax ou;i cTapo~aBHi capMaTH, a6o C.JioBaKH, i Ti, lltO B IlOJibUJ;i, i Ti, UJ;O B pycbKMX KpaSIX, Ma.JIH CBOI DOCeJieHHSI,

36u'UJi

cmapwr. cap.M4mi8, a6o CAo6tu(j6

KHHrA I TaKO)K i ixHi Hama.ZJ.KJ-1, Y>KHBaJIH cno10 nepwy cJioB 'JIHCLKY Moay, mo £ pi~HOIO capMaTaM, To6To pyci. BoHM He xoTiJIH BM3HasaTM 3a 3Ha'IHicTIO llOXO~>KeHHH Hi KOpO.ml, Hi KH.H311. Ti.nbKH KOJIH TpanJIHJiaCH HKaCb HarJia

ll0Tpe6a, TO.Q.i BOHM 06Hpa.TIH 3i CBOfO cepe,D.OBHIUa CBOIM BO)f(,[(eM HaHM}'JKHiworo i Haii.nocai,n'leHiworo s pHI..lapcbKMX cnpasax M)'>Ka. BiH, o.u.HaK, He.ZJ.OBro Ha,ZJ. HHMH nauyaas, TiJihK.H .ZJ.OTM, .l{OKM TpHsaJia Q.H siiiHa 'Bucmyn Ha 6iiiuy

(c.

XVII),

3a,I.VIH KOTpol siH i 6ys nocTasJieHMH so)I(,[(eM Ta sna,nHMM reTb-

MaHOM. Ha BiHHY DOHH BMXO,ZJ.HJIM 3i Bci€10 CB0€10 CHJIOIO, BMKOpHCTOBysaiJa6H~ cap.Mami6 JIH y 6010 JI}'KH, ma6Jii, npe)J.OBri CITHCH, a6o >K pycbKi poraTMHH. 3 HHMH i3)J,H-

.. .

JIM IXHl .ZJ.py>KMHM, KOTpl, 3HaiO'IM 3aKJIMHaHHH Ta qap11 'IOpHOKHM)I(HHX HayK, po6MJIH CBOI qapo,niHCTBa Ta nopo>K6y, Ka3aJIH npo pe3yJibTaT BiHHH, 91Tii(Jlmu 6iQ 6iuHU-

Ha .HKY iiwm1 ixHi qonosiKH. TiKaTM 3 sHiHM- Qe .U.JIH HHX 6yJJo 6e3fMCTBOM,

za~tt6uo

a .HK6M XTOCb iJ HHX TaK B'IMHHB, TO TaKOfO BOHM B>Ke He npHHMaJIM )1.0 CBQ-

iJAA cap.Ma·

ro cepe.l{OBHIUa, 6o He 3HaJIH Hai16iJibWoro Ha csiTi copoMy, Hi:>K ue:H. Hai1-

mi6 !Ttm~>.Mtm· Cl>l(a

rna

puryzpct>J(Jl zii>Hicm1>

6iJJhiiia IXHH ri.U.HiCTb DOJIHraJia y TOMy, mo6 3aB)I(,l(H 6yr11 y KiHHOMY BiHCbKY np11 o6paHHX reTbMaHaX, aJie ,llO HbOfO He MO:>KHa 6yJio BC.HKOMY ncryrraTH, a TiJibKH TaKOMy, KOTpHH MaB OC06JIHBi 3aCJIYfH y 6opOTb6i npOTM sopora.

y cap.Mami8

BoHM IIIaHyBaJIH.HK 60)I(eCTBO MiC.HUb, COHQC, BiHHJ (Marsa) Ta iHlliMX Mep-

IiJo11ono·

3eHHHX i.l{OJiis, BiMaBaJIH iM 't!eCTb Ha pi3HHX Ta nesHMX MiCU.HX, npHcB.H-

l(!lOKCm6o

ca8po.Mami8 flloit_o6anHJZ cap.Mami8 3HOCUHU

"~YBaJIH IM CBHTa. O,n;HaK BOHH .n.o6pe po3yMiJIM 6e3cMepT.H .u.yw. lxHi noxosaHHH 6ysan11 y Jiicax Ta noJutx, lxHi MOrHJJH 6yJIH npMsaneHi KaMiHHSIM, HKi BMCO'IiJIH Ha KlliTaJIT narop6is,

mo no.n.eKyJI.M M: HHHi 36epira€TbCSI s Pyci.

gJlMU

,l{e.HKi 3 HMX nanHJJH TpynH pHMCbKHM cnoco6oM, 3611pan11 noniJI y TPYHY a6o .HKeCb iHme Mil(He Ha't!HHH.H. Y I:>Ki Ta llHTTi BOHH 3aJI,OBOJibH5IJIHCSI Ma-

l'(Jte

JJHM, cso1 scimiKi noTpe6H 3a6eJITC't!)'BaJIM5IpMapKaMH. BoHH He MaJIH Hi'lo-

J iKOJtM·

MQUHO-

~i.tM ;6po.R

OiJ.Rz

Ca8po.Mamc&l(j cyUu

ro BJJaCHOfO, KpiM .II)'Ka, wa6Jii Ta CTII1Ca, HOCMJIM6JJareHbKHH OJI,Slf 3i lllKipH Ta xyTpa 3Bipis, HiCKiJibKM HC nparHyJIH >KO,l{HMX CKap6iB, Ma€THOCTCH, <PinbsapKis, .n.oporoQiHHMX maT. Yci cyrrepe'IJIMBi crrpas11, csap11 Ta KOH<PniKTH OJI.HOfO rrpOTH.D.pyroro BOHH BHpimyBaJIH Ha MiCI..d ( cyMeiO TaM 6ys Mapc) 3 .l{OnoMOrOio rna6eJih. U,e I.:(iJIKOBHTO O'leBH.U.Hi peqi y cnpasax, 3BWia.HX, MOBi i CBO€MY )I(MTTi, HKi Ui ,naBHi capMaTH, a6o CJIOB '.HHM, 3a..JIMlliHJUf cso1M Ham~KaM, a lxHi Ham~KH y .u.eHKMx MiCI.:(SIX nepesa>KHO H .U.OHHHi y)I(HsaiOTb. Tenep HaM .l{OBO.lJ.MThCH rosopMTH npo noJI.HKiB: 3Bi.U.KH BOHH npHMlliJIH i KOJIM noceJIHJIHCSI

y I.:(HX capMaTCbKHX KpaHx. A I.:(e 6y.u.e

KHMrA I

qACTMHAII IKHMrll

IIIJUIXeTHVIH 'lHTaqy, MVI BMiCTHJIM po3nOBi,D;b npo )KJ1TT51 Ta rraHyBaHH51 O,li;HOrO ITO ,n;pyroMY nOJibCbKHX KHH3iB Ta KOpo~iB, HKi 6yJIH KOJlMCb OIIMCaHi BipmaMH KJieMeHca lfoaHHiKiH ( Clemensa loannicego): MH o3,n;o611 MOBH i BHKJia,n;y CYTi, He MeHme H ,lJ;JI51 CaMOI rrp11€MHOCTi BOHI1 060B 'H3KOBi; MH )K ix ~epe3 ,n;pyKapcbKi rrOMHJIKH rrHJibH<? rreperJIHHYJIH I rrepeKJiaJII1 llOJibCbKOIO, a BOHVI III.lzyTb y HaJie)J(Hii1 nocJii,n;oBHOCTi. I I (c. 1) ~==:;~yr,

Kop?TKe 3i6paHHH XpoHiKH Il~JibCbKOi: 3ri,n;H~ i3 BJia<:HiCTIO I CIIa,z:J;KO€MCTBOM O,li;HOrO lliCJIH ,n;pyroro BCIX KH513IB Ta KopoJiiB U:bOro Hapo,n;y: noqaTOK nepe,n;yciM ai,n; Jiexa I, MOHapxa i 3aCHOBHHKa IIOJibCbKOrO Hapo,n;y, a)K ,n;o TenepimHhoro KopoJIH Curi3MYH,[(a III iT. ,n;. 3i 36epe)KeHHHM rropR,[(Ky.

I1 E P III I1 H, . . BO)I()J;b I 3aCHOBHMK IIOJI.HKIB JI E X

'De JapaJ Cap.MamiJI., ma.M 6yllu nycme.Jli 9To mu~ 8e!lu1(Jl~ 8ooa~ 4f,O 3amonUJ1-u c8im. Ca.Me cwau 1Ju8i8 Yle;r_J npuzoiJu iJu1(uu llwo, 'l(pJlU CaM 8uuuw8 J 8im"tUJHU fJU} 8HympiutH1JOi HeJZOOu. tB 'Dll!l.M.agii y !JTcapiuctJ'I@~ noAA~ypoo:HCenuu, 'De me"tiew pi1(u Xpynu 6epez 6uKJJu8Jleuuil. tBiu BWpaJy zneJ1lenctJ1(j. Jrtypu naO zopow Ja1(!ta8 I 8W zniJoa ua Jrtictno gw naJ6y 8Jlo:HCu8. 36yo:HCenuu mu.M, ~o ma.M 6a7-u6 6azamo Oplli6 y npu.!ltZJUJM!f zaw, 4[,0 co6i 6u.n.u c.Mittu6o !TniJOai 6ci .Mu 8W 1(9/lina /Juznantj,ft no~oiJu.Mo, 'Eo runaml@ uep:HCa8 itdymo J IJuznany,iB, ye JIUU.Mo.

KHMrA I

(c. 2)

PoKy B~ Piap;Ba rocnO,li;HbOro

550

3 ~hOrO BOHOBHHl.J.OrO CJIOB'.HHCbKOI'O, a6o capMaTCbKOrO, Hapo.zzy, llOXO,A)I(CHH.H SIKOrO MHIIIHpOKO OllMCa.JIM, BMHillYle;t,:. i ttfe;..: -

piiJH.i 6pamu

JJM ,ABa Hai1CJJaBHiwi M)')Ki i1 BeJJMKOro cep~.H KH.H3i, Jlex i l.Jex, 6paTH pi,AHi, .HKi nepe)K~t~JJH i1 no,AOJJaJIM BCJJMKi TPY.AHOII.(i Ta siiichKOBi He3rO,AM, cnocTeper-

JJM po36paT Mi)l{ csoiM~t~ B IJJJJipil Ta ,lJ.aJIMa~il

i BCTaHOBI1JJM MMP y TaKMW

cnoci6: 3.Ao6ysun1Ch Ha lllBM.AKi ii lllJJHxeTHi Bl.J.HHKH, IIIyKaiOl.J.l1 co6i iHworo )Kl1TT.H Ha CBiTi, reTb Bi,A'IXa.JII1 3i CBOIMM 3aroHaMM Bi,A CJlOB'.HHCbKOrO BiMCbKa 31JJJJipil, xopBaTCbKOI 3eMJii, M llO,ll.a.JU1C.H Ha 3aXi,A COHQ.H B HiMCQhKi cTopoHH, .n.e 3axonHJ111 Kpal Mi)K Hai1ni.n.oMillll1MM piKaM~t~ BicJlOIO, E.nh601o .f'Le;t,:. i ll{e;..:

i1 BI.nuyproM, T06To Be3epoM, KoTpa B HiMel.J.t.J~t~Hi 3HaMeHHTa. Ha.n. ~iEJO

;aaty8Mu

piKOIO 3aCHYBaJlH 3aMOK Ta o6opoHHe MicTo, .HKe Ha3BaJJH EpeMeHeM a6o

.Micmo

'Ept.MtH

EepeM'.HM, Hi6H .n.al0l.J.l1 3HaTH, lll,O caMe TYT CKHHYJII1 Tnrap csoEi' npau.i ii MHH}'JII1X He3ro.n.; i ,Aoci HiMu.i Ha3HnaiOTh iioro EpeMeH. TaM BOHH npeKpacHO 6HJ111C.H 3 HiMQ.HMH 3a KOp~OHH Ta 6JII13bKi llOCeJICHH.SI, 60 HaBKOJII11llHi MicTa i1 ~e.HKi 3aMKH IM .n.o6posiJihHO ni.n.ll.aBaJlMC.H, a iHwi MicTa BOHH .UJUI cnolx Haw.a.AKis TaM 3aKJia,li.aJJH. I TaK 'l.Jex Ha.ll. ,ll.yHa€M Ta piKOIO Elli>6oJO csoE JacHysaHH.H a6o .n.ep)l{aBy ~icTaB, To6To ,AaBHio EeMiiO, HiMel.l,hKY Kpa-

ttfe;..: oci6 IHy, siKY Choro.uHi Ha3J1BaEMO EoreMiEIO, a '-lexis- 6oreMaMJ1. DoTiM niH Jay 'EoUMii xonHBABcTpiiO, Jly)I{MJ.\i, Mopasi10, MeiiceH, l.J.aCTMH}' MClllKaHu.is BHrHaB, .9/e;..:-

nepwuii 6o:HCi>b i npaSume1111 no/I.RI(i8

qacTHHY )I{ npHJJY"'I1B ,AO csolx. HaToMiCTh I'1oro 6paT Jlex, JIIO)J.HHa sem1Koro cepu..H i1 l.J.Yll:OBoi s.n.aqi, 3i csoiM siiiChKOM nirnon .AaJJi, a lle CT<L'IOCH si.n. TOrO qacy, KOJIH DO)I(a BCCMOryTHiCTb y JIIO.l{CI>Kiil OC06i Ha 3eMJJIO 3illtliJia,

KHHrA I poey 550. I I (c. 3) BiH, o611pa10'l!H 3a caoiM yno.no6aHHHM 3PY'l!Hi MiCUH .lJ..liH noceneHHH, cnoqaTKY no~aacH Ha niaHiqHHH Jaxi.n i np11ihnon ry.z:r.11 , .ne Japa3 noJibt.na, Hel.n piKOIO BiCJIOIO, IJ.e BI1HHKJIH B3H/1.aJIH, T06TO capMaTCbKHH Hapo.n, ocin i ni.nno'l!HB Ji cuoiM pRuapcTBOM. noTiM 3 nepxin'.H BicJJM niH Oll3HYB3B BCiMa KpaiH3MH IDK ,no piKM O,np11 Ha niBHiq

i Ha CXi,n COHU.H, ,ne

Cb0r0.D.Hi DOJibll.\a, CiJie3i.H, MapKrpa<f>cTBO, npycci.H, DoMop'H, MaJib60pK, 0Jib3aQi.SI, CaKCOHCbKa JeMJI.H Ta iHini KpaiHH a6o KHH3iBcTsa; lx MelllKaHI.J.iB

flt~Jai11Ul6 ~1Hi

nilhti'ZHi I(JJUiHU

qacTKOBO no611n, qacTMHY Bl-trHaa, qacnmy JiacKano npi-IHH.HB. I KOJIM MelleM Ta p11QapCbKHM peMeCJIOM npM:MHO:>KyBaB i p03W11p10B3B CBOIO IJ.ep:>Kaay, OIJ..MH HiMel.(bKMM KOpOJJliK BMMaHI1B Jlexa Ha fl0€,11.11HOK, ~06 3 HHM CaM Ha caM oHTMC.SI Ja .nep:>Kaay. To~i np11 neplllOMY :>K JiTKHeHHi Jlex y611n HiMU.H

J71~y6u6

i 33B,IJ..HKM npHXMllbHOCTi Mapca Ta Ml-fllOCTi <f>opryHM oaono.nia i:Ioro .nep-

:>KaBoiO 3 yciMa np11nerJ1HMM KpaiHaMH, KOTpi 3apa3 Ha3HBaiOTb noMopcbKHMI1; i TPHMaa ace 6e3 cyci11.iB a)K .n:o Mop.SI CapMaTCbKoro. To.ni Jlex, BTH-

11\Ppo/l.u l(,a

noEihmi(JJ

Hi.J.u ljbi(!JZO

xoMHpHBliiM enol aono,niHHH, noqaa ornH,naTH nycTi MicQ.H a Tionb~i. BMri.nHiwi .D.JIH noceneHHH BI1J.nHX ypH,noauia, .ne 6 MO:>KHa 6yJio 33KJI31J..aTH MicTa i1 3aMKH. BHn31J..KOBo aiH 3Haiilllon o,nHe 6arHHCTe MicQe Mi:>K o3epaMM i1: 6oJioTaMI1, HKe 6yno ai.n npwpo.n11 .no6pe 3aXHII.leHe. To~i aiH 3aKJiaB TaM Hai1nepwe a nonhmi MicTo ii 3aMoK, .HKe ai.n aiw.yaaHHH Ta ai.n neJIHKHX po3MipiB opJIHHHX rHiJ,n: Ha .n,epenax Ha3B3B fH€3HOM, 60 nT3IllHHe rHiJ,no no-c.noa 'HHCbKH rHb.n,oM Ha3MBaiOTb. TaM :>Ke 3a nopa.no10 ai~Hia o6pan 6iJioro OpJia 3 p03KpHTMMM Kp11JI3MH 3a OC06JIMBHH BiT'li13H.HHMR KJieHHO.D., SIKHM HaKa3aB MaJIIOBaTH i1: HOCJIITH Ha Koporaax Ta iHwMx aiikbKOBMX 3HaKax. 3 I.J.MX qacia i .D.O CbOrO,nHi flOJibCbKHX KOpOJiiB Bi.D.3Hal.la€ L(eH 3H3MeHH-

!JHEJHO-

Hai1ne.puu }.demo

8 !!TOJiblgi "{o.~tty 6i/l.ui1. opel/.- up6 'l(ppoH.u

!!TOJibCbl(pi TMM rep6. To~i ai.n Jlexa, nepllloro KH.H3.H i BO:>K,nSI noJibCbKoro, nOJISIKM 6ynn npo- "{o.ltty 3BaHi JIHXaMM B~ pyci Ta iHliiMX CJIOB'SIH, a 6oreMui ai.n t.Iexa- qexaMM. A cao10 noJI.flllj6

Ha3ay noJIHKM OTPHMaJIM ai~ KpaiH:M Ta nycTMX nonin, .ne i1 Tenep :>K11Bpb. Eo «campus» JiaTMHCbKOIO MOBOIO o3Haqae none, qepe3 ue noJI.HKH ai~ noJISI

11Uli(.H.OJ60HO

npo3BaHi nOJI11KaMM, 6o B KO)KHiH 6MTBi 3 aoporOM y noni 3YCTpil.laiOTbC11. EaraTo To.n,i Jlex CJiaBHHX cnpaa 3po6HB, sci npo6JieMH DoJib~i .no6pe po3• v •v • B' 113aB 1• OCTaHHUf CBlM ~eHb UJ.aCJI:MBO CKlH'lMB. Do CMepTi Jlexa Hi'lOfO neBHOfO He 3aDHCaHO npo Te, XTO Ha HOfO MiC· I.J.i naHfBaB npupO.D.HMM Clla,ll,KOBMM npaBOM, i Mi:>K iCTOpHKaMM € BeJIMKi po36i:>KHOCTi. AJie BiH 3aJIMliiHB, nOKM.ZJ;310'l!M L(eH CBiT, 3anoBiT, UJ.06 CTap· liiMH 6paT Kepyaaa ,nep:>KaBOIO, a MOJIO.D.Wi ~06 HOfO CJI}'XaJIM, i KOJIM 6 pi.n BMCOKOro naHa nepeaiacSI, I I (c. 4) To To.ni w.o6 TaKoro My:>Ka 3i caoei KpaiHM o6paJI11, a611 ri)l.HMH i B cnpanax pHUapCbKMX BnpaBHHH, 33CJif)KeHMH y aiT'U13Hi caoii1: i 3M"'JIHBMH 6ya, H3.lf. yciMa w.o6 iioro ni.nHeCJIM H y BCbOMY CJIYXaJIH. I y uiii Jro.ni BiTl.IM3HY He TiJibKH 6opoHHJIH 6, a if w.e 6iJibiiie cnpMSIJIM iff i nopTM a6o CKJI3..D.I1 DOTpi6Hi 6y.D.yBaJIM Ha,n MOpeM. Hama.n.Ku Jlexa 333HaBaJIM nepecJii.n,yaaHb ai.n ,ll;aTCbKOro KopoJiiBCTBa, Bi.D. MOpCbKMX 3JIO,z:{iiB Ta po36iHHMKiB, Il{O ix Ha3MBaJIH nipaTaMH. He,noaro TepnJI11l.ll1 ix, CDOl.laTKY Bi.ZJ;Ba:>KHJIHCb DiTH Ha HHX BO.ZJ;OIO, XOl.la TaKoJO cnpaaoJO 11.\e He aaiiMaJIHCSI, npoTe <J>op-ryHa a Eo:>Koi nacKH iM

!Damc~>rci

nipamu

KHHrA I npucny>KMnac.H, BOHM no6Mnu noporin, cnoix 3JIOBMHCHHKin. I KOJIH npH· 3BH'tlaWHC.H, TO a6y.AyBa.nM BeJIHKi KOpa6Jii i ,AicTaJIHC.H ,AO ,AaTCbKHX 6e· perin, JJ.e aanono,AiJIIi Pyrie10, EMepiero, eo~mie10, Hen,nosai u CaneH.niero. JJ.e CbOrOJJ.Hi CTOJIMLVIJ{aTCbKOrO KOponiBCTBa. I 6araTO iHWHX MiCT Ha THX v • t OCTpOBaX BOHH 3aKJlaJJ.aJIH, w;e H 3apa3 xpOHlKH Ha3HBaiOTb IX CJIOB .HHCb· KHMR 6eperaMH. TaKO>K CJIOB'.HHCbKi JIIOJJ.R, DOMOp~i, CaMi npR3BR'tlaiJIH· CJI npo6unaTRCJI Ha Mope, 'IacoM w;acTMJIO ix soporaM, HK ~e 6ynae y TaKiii cnpani, see )I< 6araTo cKap6is i MicT 3JJ.o6ynH B QRX KpaHx i onaHynanH Ta· KHMR, .HK ,l{aHiH, CKaHiH, Jlro~MHiH Ta iH. A aro,AOM HaJJ.TO Ha6panHC.H CMiJIHBOCTi i n.zr.epJIHCH 3 HeBeJIHKOIO KiJibKiCTIO JIIO)J.eH JJ.aJieKO 8 J{aTCbKe Cu8apiJ, KoponiBCTBO. To.zr.i Cusap.n. Koponb ,naTCbKHH, 3i6pas 6araTo nro.nei1, yK· iJamcbi(Jlil pinMBC.H Ha Mopi, npHMYCHB TiKaTH Ha OCTpOBH. TaM, Ha OCTposax, JJ.OB1(9pOJLb, poJ6u8 ro 6MJIMCH, Bee )1<, nepeMO>KeHi 'Iepe3 BeJIMKY KillbKiCTb JJ.aT'tlaH, CJIOB 'HHH CJIC8SlH HO

.Mopi (slowacy) MYCHJIH nocrynMTHCH. Bopor pilliHBCH 3 ixHboi Ma.noi nopa3KH

'Dam-zaHu poJ6umi ruJIIJII(_a.M u

'L41epu'tJ iJamcc,l(_uu 1(9p0111>,

6p1.muu y nolloH

u YMHCJIHB a6y.nynaTH neJIHKi Kopa6ni Ta ixaTH noKBHTaTHC.H 3a cnoi no-

v • nepe,li.Hl• KpHBJJ.H, ane HOrO 381JJ.TH CJIOB ' HHH TaK CHJibHO HaJI.HKaJIH, 11.\0 MYCHB 3 HenolliTHnicTIO sepTaTH Ha3aJJ.. 3ro.noM 3a nenHHMH yro.naMH o6oninhHO yKpinHJIH CBOI KOpJJ.OHH. BHWHMHp, DOJibCbKHH KH.H3b, Haru;aJJ.OK Jlexa, p03ll.IHpHB CBOIO .zr.ep)Kasy a>K .no Kop.noHin ,L(aTCbKoro KopoJiincTsa, a qepea nepecni.nysaHH.H .zr.aTCbKoro KoponJI o6ypHBCJI npoTH Hboro i1 ni.nrorynanc.H tAO Taro, mo6 no.nonaTH cuny CHJIOIO. ,l{JI.H ~bora niH 36y.nynan neJIHKi Kopa6Jii i1 HanonHHB IX pHQapCbKHM JIIOJJ.OM; Mi>K QHMH Kopa6JI.HMH 6yn 36yJJ.OBaHHH OJJ.HH TaKHH neJIHKHM, IIJ.O HOCHB 1000 l.JOBHin. Ui sii:fcbKa BHcTynHJIH o.n:He npoTH JJ.pyroro. CHnap.n, KOJIH no6at.IHB po3Mipu KOpa6JiiB, 3JI.HKaBC.H, KHHyn .HKopi, a cTaBll.II1, noqan Hara.n,ynaTH cnoeMy Hapo.ny, 11.\06 naM'.HTaJII1 npo KpHBJJ.H, .HKHX BOHH 3a3HaJIH Bi,n: llOJI.HKiB, H He ll.IKOJJ.YBaJIM CBOrO )I(MTT.H. Te caMe BMlliHMMP Hara.n:ysas CBOIM. noTiM, ciBlliH y CBOI 3BMl.JaHHi l.J:OBHM, MY>KHbO 3iHlllJIHC.H. Ha w;acTH, Mapc 6yn npHXHJibHHM .n.o noJI.HKin, TOMY 3M}'CMB .no nTet.Ii .naTt.IaH 3 ixHiM KopoJieM y JierKHX t.JOBHax, KOTpi I I (c. 5) Ha3HBaiOTb mpupe.MaMU. BHlliHMHp B3HB KoponincbKHii Kopa6enb, xoqa i:foro i1 .no6pe oxopoH.HJIH, TaM 6yno 3axonneHo i1 6araTo iHwHx Kopa6nin 3 JIIOJJ.bMH, a peniTy nOTOnJieHo. Ha TOMY BHlliHMHP He 3ynHHHBC.H, a 3aJJ.yMaB rHaTH .naTCbKOrO KOp011.H a>K JJ.O CaMOI CTOJIMQi; TaM :IKe BiH poa.nin11n cnoe nii1cbKO Ha TPH t.JaCTHHH: o.n:Hy si.nicnas .no .l{aHil, .npyry.no CKaHii, a 3 TpeTbOIO caM nonpHMynan .no JlJOQHHil. Bem1Ka naHiKa 3l.JHHHnaoi Ha MOpi qepe3 TaKHH CHJlbHHH Ta He3HaHHM HapOJJ., lll;O OJJ.Hi MicTa .n.o6poniJibHO ni.u..nananHc.n, a iHllli MYCHJIH 3JJ.aBaTMCH ni.n HaTHCKOM CHJIH Ta si.n nepen.HKY. 3i6paBC.H 3HOBY .u,aTCbKHi1 KOpOJib i3 CHJiaMH BCi€I aeMJii, ane OCTaT0'-1HO 6yn nepeMo>KeHHi1, TaK J.l..(O MYCHB ,n:aJii ai.nxo.n,HTH aa enol Kop.n:oHH. Y Qei1 qac 6yno cxonneHo i:foro CHHa EMepHxa (Jameryka) 3 .n:noMa cecTpaMH, .HKHX noTiM npo.naHO: O.ll:Hf- Hopne:IKQ.HM, a ,n:pyry- HiMQ.HM, 60 B Ti l.JaCH :~~<iHoK KynynaJIH. Do6al.IMBll.II1, w;o e nepeMo)f(eHHM, .naTt.JaHHH npocHB MHJIOCTi y BHWHMHpa, ni.n.n:aJOt.JH ifoMy niMaHCTBO. BHWUMHP RK niJibHHH

KHMrA I i MHJIOCTIIIB'Hll KHH3b BCC 3p06HB ,Z].JUI HhOrO: nOBCpHyB i1oMy TC, ~0 3a6pan, i nO€)J.HancH 3 HnM, nonepHyn i1oMy ,lJ.aHiJO, fyriJO, feMepiiO, <l>eoH.n.iJO i CaJieH.n.iJO, a co6i 3aJII1llli1B TiJihKH Ti ocTpOBH, ,z:(e MicTa i1 3aMKH.li.JIH ,z:(Cp)KaBHOI o6opOHI1 3aKJia,z:(aB, RKi )I.OHHHi 36epiraJOTb ,z:(aHi OOJIHKaMH Ha3BH CJIOB 'RHCbKOJO MODOIO. TaK, BHcMapiH, a6o BMcMep (HK cni.U.'-IMTb 9>-ficma, .n.aTcbKa xpoHiKa), Ha3BaHa ni.n. KHH3H BHwHMHpa. Jho6eK i ,lJ.aH"lJHK, a6o Jll(j nOJUI I(!J JaCHy8aJIU [)J.aHCbK, Ha3BaHi ,lJ.aT1.JaHaMIII,- MiCTa DCJibMH CJiaBI~i M 6araTi, 3aKJia)J.eHi 6i.nll oamcb· HaJJ. HiMeUbKHM MopeM Ha BMriJJ.HOMY Micui 11 6epe3i .U.JIH o6opoHM ni.n. iHo- I(JJ.t '@pooui6 JeMHHx noporin. 3ra,l:(aHoro )J.aTChKoro KopoJIH BMlllMMHP 3po6Mn cnoiM naca.noM, i1oro CHHa BJHD y Japy'-IHHKH, a ,z:(o6pe nnopHJJ.KynanlllM nci cnpaBH B ,lJ.aHii, l.JHMaJiy 3):(06111'-l Ta BeJIHKi CKap6H B3HBlllM, nOBCpHyDCH ,1:(0 nonh~i. KiJibKa poKin CHsap.n. 6yn MHpHMM i cnJia'-lynas .n.aHMHy, npoTe aro,l:(OM, MaJ01.JM Te co6i Ja npni<picTb, 3aJJ.yMaB iHllle. BiH ni.n.6ypHB iHllli 3CMJii npOTM llOJIHKiB i 3MOBMBCH 3 HMMH, T06TO 3 fOJIJiaH,l:(i€10, lliDCUi€10, ,lJ.aHi€10, BMBiB l.JMMaJii BiifcbKa npOTH OOJIHKiB, aJie 6yB po36MTMM, BpClllTi BTpaTMB nci sil1cbKa y CKaHil, a caM 3 poana'-ly 3axsopis i noMep. Horo CMH EMepHx BTiK i3 n'R3HHI..d, a noTiM JaB)KJJ.M cnJia'-lynan ,l:(aHMHY noJibCbKHM KHH3HM. EaraTo lliJIHXCTHMX B'-IHHKiB, riJJ.HMX yni'-IHeHHH, 3):(iHcHMJIM Ha~a)J.KM Jlexa y HiMCti1.JMHi, a u:i Hai.qa,l:(KM nilllJIM Bit~:Jlexa nepllloro, H TPMBaJia [UH JiiHiR] npOTHrOM 150 poKiB, TiJibKH qepe3 IXHIO HC,ZJ.6aJiiCTb HK Ha Ti tiaCM, TaK i noMepJIH 6e3 onMcy cnolx cnpan, 6o, )KMBY'-IM 3a noraHcbKMM 3BI11.Ja€M, BOHH He BMiJIM nHCaTll. BHlllMMHp TO):(i BCJIIIKY '-laCTMH}' ,li;aTCbKOI 3CMJii ni.n. cno10 nna):(y niJJ.611B 11 '-IHMaJIO iHlllHX WJISIXCTHHX cnpan no co6i JIMlllMB, noJibChKi KOp):(OHM po3IllHpHB i JiMillOB 3 U:hOro cniry 6e3 Ha~a.u.KiB. I I (c. 6) TYT MeHi Hesi.n.oMo, .n.anHi '-IH cyqacHi xpoHiCTH noMMJIHIOThCH y U:bOMY BHlllHMHpi: 6o UbOro BMWHMupa .n.asHi xpoHicTu BBa)KaJIH CMHOM JlelllKa III, He ni.n. nnacHoi .n.py)KHHH Hapo,z:()KeHoro, a npo u:i i:ioro cnasHi B'-IMHKH He XOTiJIH 3anMCaTH B )J.aBHiX xpoHiKax, aJK TiJihKM Tenep, BH6upa10tiM KOpOTKO 3 )J.aTCbKOI XpOHiKH , MH HanMCaJIM npo HHX 3apa,AH TUX, XTO, KOXai01.JI1Cb y TaKMX peqax, 6e3CMepTHY CJiasy CTaBHTb llOHa,lJ. yce Ha U:hOMY CBiTi.

,lJ;BaHa,D;IJ;.HTb BO€BO,ll;

KonM nuMep secb pi.n. Jlexa, noJUIKH, Ha)J. yce UiHyiOtiU BOJIIO i )KO,ZJ.HOrO i3 qy)K03CMHMX KHH3iB He )J.OnycKaiOtiH 'De 6azamo co6o10 KepysaTM, ai6pa.nM ceifM y fH€3Hi, .n.e nicJI.H pi3Hux neperosopin Hal(llJ!f'Oml>, ma.M ro6pe 06pan11 12 BO€BO,lJ.- .HK Ka)KyTb, HaHKpai.QMX My)l(iB CBOrO Hapo.n.y, KOTpi He 6y8ae MOrJJM 6 KepyaaTH pjqqJO nocnOJIUTOIO. BOHM npaBHJIH HCIO .n.sa.n.U.HTb pOKiB. An.e, HK Ka)l(fTb, )l.C 6araTO THX, I.QO HaKaJyiOTb, TaM ,lJ.06pe He 6ysae: 6o B piJHHX ronosax MfC.HTb 6fTH i1 pi3Hi JIIO,lJ.ChKi aaMHCJIH, a OT)Ke, Mi)K HMMH nilllJIH He3rO,lJ.H, ).J.OMaWHi cynepe'-IKH, BHyrpilliHi BiMHH, aM6iuii: KO>KHMM 3 HHX 6iJibllle .n.6aB npo BJiaCH}' KOpHCTb, Hi>K npo .n.ep>KaBH}', BHaCJii,lJ.OK qoro cnpasa JIHmanac.H Hepoas'H3aHoiO. IHo3eMrd, oco6nnso HiMui, 6aqaqu HC3ro,l(y KOpOHHHX naHiB, CTaJIH 6yHTfBaTH npOTH llOJI.HKiB, a KOJIU

KHHrA I nu.u;epJIHCb 3 npMa, KMHYJIMCL Ha noJILCbKi BOJIO.U.iHHH i cnoi cTapoJ.J.anHi MiCTa 3 HaJie)KHHMH J.J.O HHX nponiHI..\i.SlMM 3a6paJiu. fio6atiMJIH 1..\e llOJISIKU :H npoMOBHJIH: «lloraHo, KOJIM 6araTo BO)KtJ.iD, i T . .u;. [Mala est pluralitas Principum, etc.], qe mKO.ll.Y i1 3MeHmeHH.Sl HamHx DOJIO.ll.iHL npHHOCHTb~t. 3i6paJIH TO.ll.i reHepaJibHHH ceM:M, J.J.e no6atiMJIH Ha TOH qac KpaKa, a6o KpaKyca, My)Ka J.J.OCDi.ll.tieHoro y pHQapcbKux cnpanax i po3ToponHoro po3yMy. I, HK nHlliYTh naTHHCbKi icTopuKH, 6yn MY)K MHpy i nii1HH, ni~a HHH MHCTeQTBaM; .u.o noporin J.J.ep)KaBH OJ.J.HHX npHEJ.J.Han, a iHmHx 36po€IO npM.ll.YIDHB. OT)Ke, B)Ke 6yn cnanHHH qeii KHH3b no ncix Kpanx, a 6yn niH 3 Ham.aJ.J.Kin l..Jexa, qepe3 Te caMi qexu, 6JIH3bKiCTIO Kponi cnopi.u.HeHi TaKo>K 3 nOJihCLKHM Hapo.u.oM, xoTiJIH i1oro co6i 3a naHa MaTH, aJie noJI.HKH ix y 1..\bOMY BHnepe.U.HJIH, SIK npo Qe HanucaHo HH)f(tie. I I (c. 7)

K P A K Y C, IIOJibCbKMM KH.H3b

fJ>upeMacJt g 6azambO?(Jtpe.M Bimtt-ug~-ta .MuAa, Y eo;woiH1-lfl?( ceoi?( XpmQJca na1-to.M npuJHatt-UJLa. 'BiH gi ceo~ 1(9pDo~-tie 8u1Qfpue !fipa~-ty,yJie JICopcmo1(UJG Vjo cwDu 6iJep.!1.uc.5l, 1MJfC1(9 cn./l.wH(}pyeathuu 9Ta1-t1-t01-li6i Bil-l .Mae i rz{ecb1Qj oep:J~Ca6y eoOI-lorzac: I o6o.Ma 1-tu.M.u ypJLiJyea6, pa0o10 ma JalliJo.M. !JHoOi JICue JICa~u6uu J.Miu 13a1-tOa.JlbCb1(910 Cl(!./l.e10, !JTpU1-tOc.5l"lU 6e.!1.U1Qj ./1.100Cb1Qj 6Wy i Ul1(90y He.Ma.Ay. Cip1(9w ua1(flgae meAJt 1-ta6umu Xpa1Qfc cJvti.!lu6uu,

KHIIrA I

1(uny8 iiozo nepeo J.Mie.M, Jyi(8Muii 3.Miii npo1(98mny6: BiO[JaJy !lycny6, ne no:JICu8, .91. 1(9pOllb Xpa1(j6 8iiJ c6ozo i.Meni JMO:J1Cu6. II (c. 8) PoKy Bi,n; Pi3,ZJ;Ba XpHcTonoro

700

KpaK}'c, 6y)J;)"-nif y TOM 1:1ac KpoKOM Ha3BaHI1I1, OH}'K l..Jexa, KH.SI3Sl 'lleCbKOro, 6ys po.n:oM 3 TioJibud , He,n:aJieKo si.A KpeMnaK}', capMaTCoKoi rop11 Ha,n: BiCJIOIO. OcKiJibi<R niH 6ys 3 Ha~a,rr.Kis l..Jexa, To 1:1epe3 ue qexin si.n: noJI.SIKis HiKOJIM He si.n;'E.n:H}'Ban, aJie pa30M TPMMas. Bci o.n:HOCTai1HMMM I'OJIOCaMM BHpilliMJIM, ~06 CaMe BiH 6yH IXHiM BO.IK,l.l,eM, B6at.IaiOqM y HbOMY QiJIKOM ri.n:Horo .SIK y pHQapcbKHX cnpasax, TaK in rocno.n:apcTni, He MeHlll Te:>I< y cnpanax no6i)KHMX po3ToponHoro 11 Mf.n:poro. A KOJIM niH eTas IXHiM KH.R3eM, TO Di.zl:pa3y THX iH03eMHMX BOporiB, ~0 BH6HBaJIHC.R D llO.JI.SIKiB 3 .SipMa, llO'ry)KHO ni,n:KOpHB; ,n:ep)KaBHi KOp.ll:OHM Bi,n: BCiJI.SIKOI lliKO)l;H Ta sopo)KHX Hai3.n:is, ~o ni.n: 6YHTiBHHKiB csoix MaJIM, yKpinMB. XH:>KMX cppaHI.zy3is, KOTpi, cnycTOlliHBlliM YropcbKY 3eM.JIIO, s.n:epll11C.R .n:o KopOHH, po36HB, a HiMQiB llOTY:>KHOIO CM.JIOIO BHrHaB feTb 3 fH€3Ha Ta 3 iHlliHX KOp)l.OHiB, OT)Ke, 3a :Horo npasJiiHHJI noJISIKaM .n:o6pe seJiocSI. BiH 6ys seJIHKMM .n:pyroM qexaM, p yci, TOMY BOHM niMaBaJIMCH ni.n: lioro MiQb. TioTiM, 3acnoKoiBlliH .n:ep)Kasy KpHBaBOIO BiMHOIO, 3aCe.JIHB nycTi 3eM.Jii, a opa1.1aM np113Ha'lii1B MiCQJI Ha noCeJieHHR. BiH 3a csoro naH}'BaHHH 3aCH}'BaB MicTo KpaKiB i 3aMOK Ha,n: BiCJIOIO 'l(paJ(j6 Ha BHCOKiH i He)l.OCH)KHi:H CKe.Jii, a si.n: csoro iMeHi Ha3Bas KpoKOB si.n: KpoKa. JtUHo8a~to TioTiM Qe MiCTO, 3MiHHBlliH JiiTepy, 6yJio Ha3saHe KpaKoBoM. HiMQi ~e :H Choro.n:Hi KpaKiB Ha3HBaiOTb KpoK. TioJibCbKi xpoHicTH nMCaJIH, ~o ni.n: ropmo Base.nb, Ha .SIKiH CTOiTb KpaKiBCbKHH 3aMOK, 6ys TO)l.i BeJIMKI1H .n:paKOH y .SIMi, HKHH, KOJIH 6ys fOJIO,ZJ.HHH, Kpas JIIO,n:eu i 3a6HBaB IX CMep,n:IOt.IHM .n:yxoM

'Dpal(plt nw

'l(pal(98o.M

Ta no)KHpas, 1.1epe3 ~o MfCMJIM ~O)l.HH HOMY .n:asaTH qeprosy .n:aHMHf, no TPH TDapHHH. KopoJib KpaKfc, no6at.IHBWH BTpaTH csoro Hapo.zzy i )l.OJIIO, MaH)Ke tJJp(ll(pHa BciMa OnJiaKaH}', HaKa3aB y BHll0TpOI1IeHe TeJIH 3aKJiaCTH cipKy, CMOJIY H lf}lmpo 66umo CeJiiTpy 3 BOrHeM npi-mpaBJieHHM i npOTH TOI HM11, 3Bi.ZJ.KH BHXO,ZJ.HB .n:paKOH, noKJiacTH. ,npaKOH, no6at.IHBWH Qe, ra.n;as, ~o HOMY Ha no:>KHTOK noKJia,n:eHO cnpaB:>KH€ TeJI.SI, no:>Kep iforo. 0CKiJibKH )K BOHO y HbOMf TJiiJIO, TO llHB BO.ZJ.Y .l(OTH, )l.OKH He JI}'CH}'B. A KpaK KOpOHH}' .n:ep)Kasy np11cTOHHO poa6y.zzysaslliH, .n:sox CHHiB, Jlexa H KpaKyca, H .ZJ.Ot.IKy BaH.zzy 3aJIMWI1B Ta H nonpo~ascR 3i csiToM. TioxosaHHH Ha.n; piKOIO BiCJioiO Ha ropi JlacoTHi 3a noraHCbKHM 3BHqaEM: HacHnaHo Ha iioro MOrMJii BHCOKY Kpyr.ny ropy H o6KJia,n:eHO .l(epHoM, BOHa if .n:oci E nepe.l( Ka3HM11poM.

(c. 9)

~ P Y f 11 H. KPAKYC ,ZJ:PYfHH

II E X

ITo cMepTi KpaKfca nOJihChKi naHH BH- ..9le.ty6u8 pimHJIH o6paTH KIDI3eM Kpaeyca }.J;pyroro, a.Jie MOJio,nwHH 6paT Jlex .SIK no- 6pama XpaiQJCa 6at.JHB l.(e, TO, 36yJVKeHHH nuxoiO i aaa.l(pHqH HOMf, y6HB iioro, KOJIH BOHH

KHifrA I

o611,a.na 6yn11 Ha rromonaHHi. I cKaJan nepe.a. ceHaToM, 3aJIHBai0'4HCb cpanblliHBHMH CJib03aMH, I.I..\0 TOI1 BI1aB 3 KOHeM, KOJIH BnepTO rHaBCH Ja 3BipoM, i TaM iioro KiHb npHBOJiiK. TaK Qi€10 WT)'KOIO Xl·:ITpm1 n6HBQH orraH)'BaB npecTOJIOM. O,a.Hi [(hOM)' nipHJII-I, .a.pyri Hi, 6o ue He MOrJio nTaiTHCH, mo6 He MO)KHa 6yno ,a.oni,a.aTHCH icTHHH, TOM)' I.I..\0 y cnii1 qac nee BHHBHTbCH. Hen,a.onJi ni,a.Kp:HnaCH :Horo 3pa,a.a HK nepe.a. ceHaToM, TaK i nepe.a. npocTonro,a.oM. l.Jepe3 ue niH CTaB JllO;l.HM .a.)I)Ke Ori1;l.HHM, Ha HbOfO HaBiTh i )J,HBHT.HCH BOH.H He MOfJIH. 3po3)'MiBlliH ue, niH ni.a. CMfTK)' :H )KaJIIO, nn~ai1, caM y co6i JiTnin.

RK sci icTo-

pHKH 3f0;l.)K)'lOTbCH )'[(hOM)', BiH 6ya HeB.a.OB3i BHfHaHI·fl1 3 ,a.ep)KaBH, aJie HeBi;l.OMO, B HKiii KpaiHi i HKHM '1HHOM niH noKHH}'B Qe:H cniT.

,l(IBA

(c. 10)

BAH,l(A

J{e npuif.H>l-8-zuu w.mo6y J MY:HCHi.M me8moHo.M, foe 'Banoa Ha Bii1Hy, y fJiiJnofJUJc, Ha iiow 8u1(!luJG My:HCHbo fJoapuSzuu Ha Hbozo (} nofli Ji cfJof.M puy,apcmfJo.M, ?({Jpo!lefJa nomy:HCno poJzpo.MU/la uozo OOUJ,enmy. Pog6umui1 He10, BiO copo.My i Be!lul(pzo J~ca.!l-10 'BiH Ja1(pflo8cSL .Me'Le.M i nepepBaB y,u.M npazHeHH>l- cBozo ceplJ,fL. Jl iJi(}a, npUHOCSL'L.U nOOSL1\!f 6oza.M Ja J8um5lzy, ']J[a1(c1(aJll!la: «0, 6ozu, 8a.M .Moe OifJoy,mBo J{e~au 6yoe npucBSL'LeHe, 6o J .MU/locmi HaufJuuJ,ozo 5l YHU1(HyJZa J!lOt zaHb6u fJUJ JflOZO Pumazopa». C1@Ja8-zuu maK.t fJoH.a HecnoUiBaHo OJZSL Oci~ Cmpu6uyfla mfJuih(p (} ny'LuHy 'Bic!lu.

KHIIrA I :J{e~u :HCe 6a1(mpiuy,i C!la6Mmb c6o10 CeM-ipa.MiJy,

:J{e:taii :HCe cKjifju c;w6Mmb M.az11-im c6oei 91To.Mipu. 9To!ISl1(Mae 7:u.M Jamr,M-apumu CJla8y o6o~ y,u~ Ui.6. Xmo mi.nb1(Jl H-eynepeoJICeH-O poJZJI.flH-e ~10 i 1J,10 cnpa6u, 9JTo no6a7:Umb, UJO y,i oBi Oi6u oopifhi101011lb 'BaWJi. c6oe10 MyJICHic11110, -~ 7:ucmomow, o gw111.!lufJa iJifJo, 1\!fW JIC J mo6mo JpiBH.MmbC.fl?II (c. 11)

PoKy Bi)l; Pi3)l;Ba rocno)l;HB 730 BaH,ZJ.a, ~O'tJKa KpaK)'ca, 'tJeTBepTa cepe~ KOpOHHMx KHH3iB e~MHa cnpaBJKHH ~iAR'tJKa KopoHR IlOJibCbKOi. 3a 3aranbHHM aeJIHKiiiM ixHiM npoxaHHHM aoHa BcrynRJia Ha npecTOJI. BoHa 3 BeJIRKOIO eHepri€10 Ta M)'~p11M naH)'BaHHHM llpDB3AI1Jia CBO€ )I.iBO'tJe JKHTTH y HenopO'tiHiH 'tJRCTOTi. BoHa MY)I(HbO Kepyaana PiqqiO IlocnoJIRTOIO HK .upyra IleHTecMJiiH a6o OpTHri.H. lu 6yJio ,uaHo npaso BiJihHO o6paTR co6i 'lOJIOBiKa, i iioro Bci MaJIIil 6 c.nyxaTH i MaTH co6i aa naHa. AJre )I.iBa He T}'p6yBaJiacb npo Qe. BoHa 6yJia ,li,)')Ke rapHa i npHaa6JIIOBaJia )I.O ce6e caoe10 Bpo,ll,oro Ta Kpacoro 6araThox iHoaeMHHX KH.H3iB i JIOBHJia ix, HK BY)I.Ka (wenda) p116y. l.Jepe3 ~e aoHa ti 6yJia npo3BaHa BeH,ua, aJie noTiM noJIHKH TpoxH 3MiHHJIH ii iM'.H i Ha3BaJIH BaH,n:oro. To~i HiMe~bKHH KHH3b PuTarop (Rythagoras) noCJiaB 11..0 Hei 'Bax& iJ6iti CBaTiB, mo6 BOHa nilllJia 3a HbOrO 3aMi)l(, aJie BOHa 30BCiM He XOTiJia QbOrO. poJ6UJta KiMeyt.ll(pW PHTarop, ~}'MaiO'tJiil, J:nO BOHa HMM norop~lillla, XOTiB CBiH HaMip 3~iHCHMTiil JQI.Jl).R C11JIOIO. BiH 3i6paB npOTM Hei BiHCbKO, a BOHa npOTiil HbOrO, i BOHM OrOJIOCM- Pumazopa JIH co6i saaeMHO sitiuy. ,ll,isa ABi'li po36MJia iioro AomeHT}', i caM PHTarop Jie,n:se sriK, o,n:HaK qepe3 copoM Ta He3MipHHH >KaJib, mo lloro 11.0 BTe'li 3MYCI1Jia JKiHKa, aa6us ce6e BJiacHMM )l(e Me'leM. A KopoJiesa BaH,n:a, ocKiJibKM

KHMrA I '.BaHi\J npHCB.HTHJia CBO€ ,niBOQTBO CBOiM 6oraM, }'BiH'IaJia HOfO CBOiM KiHQeM: BOHa ntpt.4tO:»CHO

'mpuOH!Jlla cTpH6H)'Jia 3 KpaKiBCbKoro Mocry B rJIH6HHI1 BiCJm i, 3aJII111IHBWH noJIHKaM !JfJJic.lzy 3BHT.Hry, 3axJII1H}'JiaCb BO.lJ.OIO. ii TiJIO 6yJIO 3HaH,AeHe TaM, ,ne ,LVIy6H.H (DJubnia) sna.u.ae y BiCJiy, i TaM i'i 6yJio noxosaHo B MorHJii 3a MHJIIO si.n KpaKosa. Ha ii Monmi 6yJio HacHnaHo K}'praH TaK caMo, HK i Ha MOrHJii II 6aTbKa. QH )KiHO'Ia CTaTb 6yJia ri,nHiWOIO .ZJ..}lH OnHCY y BeJIHKHX icTopiHX, Hi)l( pHMCbKa JlyKpeQi.H, a Qe '1epe3 iJ HenOXI-ITHiCTb, 60 BOHa B'li1HI1Jia TaK scynepe'l 3BI1'1aHHiH )l(iHO'IiH npMcTpacTi. ,l(eHKi XpOHicTH ll11CaJIH, liJ.O BaH,naJIH 6ym1 Ha3BaHi Bi}l. Qi€i BaH}l.H, aJie TaK He MOfJIO 6yr11, OCKiJibKH BaH,AaJII1 6yJIH paHiwe si.n BaH,nM. lliCJI.H BaH,nH 3HOBY 6yn KJioniT y 11oJihliJ.i, ocKirrhKH He JIHIUHJIOC.H )KOJI.-

3Ho6y Horo .niii:cHoro KH.H3iBCbKoro Ham.a,u.Ka; 3Hosy pa.ZJ.MJIHC.H m.o.no o6paHHH Ko12 8oe8oiJ

poJI.H, 3HOBY o6paJIH ,ABaHa.ZJ.QHTb B0€80}.1., 11(06 KO)I(eH 3 HHX 6}'B Ha"'aJibHHKOM OKpeMOI npoBiHQiJ. .AJie 6yJIO TaK CaMO He)l.o6pe, .HK i paHime, 60 BOHH 3aMiCTb TOfO, liJ.06 Bci CBOI CHJIH o6epTaTH npOTH ( cniJibHOfO] BOpora, BOIOBaJIH Mi)l( C060IO. l..Jepe3 Ue MapKOMaHH, yropu:i Ta HiMQi )I.Or<y'IaJIH llOJibll\i 3 ycix 6oKiB BeJIHKHMH Hana}l.aMH i rpa6ynKaMH TaK ,li.OBfO, ,li.OKH llOJUJKH He 3fOJI.HJIHOI Ha o.nHoro KHH3H, T06To Ha DllleMHCJiasa.

(c.

12)

II III E M l1 C JI A B , a6o JI E III K 0 II E P III l1 H

'ljeu .9/.emKP 8WoJ7ftu8 Ji CJZ.a8ow Ja tu1(90y 8im"lUJHi, !Tpo.MJlJI-"lU 8opozi8 c6oew UJac!lu6o10 cnpa6o10. 'Bopoz 6y8 nw JlicOM, a .9f.em1(9, JH.a10"l.U npo y,e, Ha1(aJa8 poJ8icumu 36po10 no Jlici, 11.i6u H.ac.M.q_aJO"lUCb.

KHMrA I

CaM. ~e Ji c8oi.Mu c~o8a8CJL y Jazy.UJ,eHi .MiclJ,5l. :J{a iJpyzuu iJenb co1a;e, 8cma8mu, go;wmu.Jvt npoM.inH.flM 0C5L5l.!UJ y,w J6pow; zpiJuui18opoz, 'Dy.Mamu, UJ,O ma.M 3acilw 8iucb1(9, yJ(}pi8 y,eil nycmuu Jtic, 'lJe, oiJHaKt 6y8 Y'leta1(9, no6arzu8 Jl.8Hi J1La1(U [nepeAwzu], Cma8 CJtaBuo 6euKgmy8amu y c8oe..My ma6opi. 9Hu.Jvt rzaco.M Y'leta1(9 oni&mi nana8 na ma6ip, ')'Oapu8 3 yci~ 6o1(j8 i iJo6p51.tze poJzpoM.u8. 'Bw6upae 3iJo6urz, 8 !t~e noJtonenu~ i, giew cnpa8ow 38iJtbuu8mu =rfo!lbUJ,y, iJa8 JHal(u nepeAwzu. II (c. 13) PoKy Bi,rt; Pi3,rt;Ba rocno,rt;Hboro 750 IlmeMMCJiaB, a6o JlemKo flepmMii, M}')K eHepriHHMH, ,AOCBi.At.IeHMH y p:m.~apcbKMX cnpasax, 6ys O,AHOCTaHHO o6paHMH niCJI.H CBO€I ,A06poi TIOCJI)'I'M Ha fJOJibCbK)' MOHapxiiO. TMM qacoM MOpasaHM, B"t{lfHHBliiH liiKO,AM B fJOJibi.I.\i i Ha6paBlllM "t{MMaJIO 3.l(06Hqi, nosepTaJIHCSI Ha3a,A .AO csolx. JlemKo, 3i6pasliiH noJibCbKe si:HcbKO, PYliiMB 3 HMM 3a csoIMH soporaMH. KoJIH ocTaHHi npMMWJIM ni.l( JlMcy ropy, ,Ae HMHi CTOITb cs. XpecT, 3 Jiicy noKa3aJIOC.H36poi1He siMcbKO JlewKa i CTPMBO)I(MJIO soporis. BoHM cxonMJIMC.H 3a 36poiO, KMHYJIHC.H Ha Qe MicQe, aJie TaM }')Ke HiKoro He 6yJio. JlewKo )I( HaKa3aB csoiM 3axosaTMC.H s YKPMTi MiCQ.H. Ha6.nyi<aBWHCb no Jiicy, BOpOrM TIO,lJ;}'MaJIH, ~0 Hallli ,AaJieKO BTeKJIH, HeB,AOB3i ni,AiHliiJIH ,AO HalllOrO BiMCbKa. fli3Hillle, BHOqi, sci BOHR ,A06p.Hqe y6e3neqHJIMCSI i, BnHBlllHC.H, nop03.l(.HraJIHC.H, HeHaqe y ce6e B,AOMa. flmeMHCJiaB, B116pasnn1 CJIYliiHHH qac, BI1MlllOB 3 YKPMToro MiCQ.H i B.l(apMB Ha HHX 360K)', cnepe,Ay i 3 TRJJ)' i po3rpoMMB ix y ixHhOM)' )I( Ta6opi. BiH 3 TpifMcpOM Ha6pas TaM HeMaJio noJioHeHMX i 3.l(06Mqi. flo QiM I10CJIY3i Bci 3rO,AMJIMCSI o6paTM HOrO co6i naHOM. floTiM BiH ,Ao6p.Hqe BiM.H"t{MB BOporaM 3a lllKO.l(M BiT"t{M3Hi. AJie BiH He 3aJIMlllMB no co6i )I(O,AHOrO Ha~a,AKa i y 30 3 JIHlllHiM poKiB nOKHHfB QeH CBiT.

JIEIIlKO ):(PYfi1H 1jbo.My J.MazauHJl i 6e3iJozauuui1 :m:epe6 mal( B"luuUJZ.u, 1ljo ilo.My 8 pyl(u noiJMu 1(9pouuy iJep:m:aBy. II (c. 14) 'Bin 6y8 ziihtui11(SJpoJti8cm8a, ;wrza i1 6y6 uapoiJJ~Ceuuu 'Bw npocmu~ 6amt?1(j6, 6y6 ne6azamu.M. fll(y 6ow, mal(i 6 M.upuuu rzac 8iH JathlciJu 6y6 oiJHa1(SJ8ui1, 91Ta1(SJ:m: i me ziiJHe y Hbo.My 8irzHOi naM. 'Jl.mi, 6o JHaKJt C8ozo nepmozo UJ,ac111.5l, mo6mo my Jtamauy Cep.M ll:JIC1(JJ, 1(.lUl8 co6i 38ep~ ua Merzi, 1(9/lU cyiJu6 JtwiJcb1(j cmauu. 'Eepu 38iacu npu1(JtaiJ mu, u;o ~oum. ~ po36azamimu, tJJuDucb na c8iu 1(jney,b, 6o mu ne guaem, ~ np~oiJumb ;a y,UM..

~llUMuuta8

poJ6u6 .MlJpa6aH.

KHMrA I

PoKy B~ Pia,n:Ba rocno,n:Hboro 780 Ko1111 IliiieMMCJias-JienJKo noi<I1HYB I:(eH CBiT, He 3aJIMIIIMBlllM Ha~a.n;KiB, TO Ha IlOJibCbKY MOHapxiiO 6y11o o6paHO JlelllKa )lpyroro TaKMM l.J.MHOM. Ko1111 BHacJii,n;oK TpMBaJIMX Ta pi3HMX BM6opiB llOJibCbKi naHM Ta lllJIRXTa He MOrJIM .D.iHTM 3TO.LJ;I1 ~O,lJ.O o6paHHR HOBOTO BOJIO.LJ;ap51, TO BOHM npM,n;yMaJIM HOBHH cnoci6. BOHI1

va&iu

nocTaBMJIM nepe,r.r. KpaKOBOM CTonn, KOTpMi1 yniH'4'aJIM KopoJiiBCbKMMM

cnoci6 KOpOHOJO Ta )f(e3JIOM, i ny6Jii'4'HO nporOJIOCMJIM: TOM, XTO neplllMM y 3Mao6panH.P. rw11 t>CI>IQJ't

raHHi 3 iHlllHMM npMM'lJMTb KOHCM Bi)~ piKM Ilpa.lJ.HMKa .LJ;O I:(bOfO CTOBIIa,

1(9poAiiJ TOM i 6y.n.e KOpOJieM. JIKMMCb MOJIO)J.HK 3 npOCTOfO po.n.y , aJie XHTpMM, npH.n;yMaB TaKy cnpasy: niH Ta€MHO

cKpMTO nos611san

y 3CMJIIO Ha mJI.SI-

xy, KOTpMM MaJII1 Ml.J.aTM npeTCH.LJ.eHTH, 3aJii3Hi I:(BRXM, a C06i o6paB iHlliHH lllJI51X. Ili.n; 'lJaC UMX 3MaraHh KOHi ncix npeTCH)l.eHTiB, KpiM HbO-

'Eopomt>6a JD iJep>~<a(}y

ro, nopaHMJIMCh q epe3 Ti I.\B51XM, TOMY )KO.lJ.CH 3 TMX GaraTbOX JIIO,n;eli He Mir npHMl.J.aTM Tai< UIBHJ~Ko ;~o u~>oro CTOima. TiJihKH niH nepLIIHM I:(e 3po6HB i CTaB BHaCJii)l.OK 3paJJ,J1 BOJIO.LJ;apeM. AJie UH 3pa.n.a HeB,lJ.OB3i BI151Bl1JiaC.H, 6o ;.:\Ba JOHai<I1 3 npocTomo.ny, >KapT)'I0'4'1f, no6MJil1C.H o6 JaKJia;e( innpiunfJIH npOHTH niUIKH ni)J. piKI1 npa.D.Hl1Ka .n.o U.bOro CTOBna. Ha lliJI.HXY BOHM nopaHMJil1 COOi HOfll, aJIC TOi1, KOTpllii HC T<lK CltJibHO KYJibraB, nepmMM np116ir

.n.o

c-ronna. l1oro Tonapm.11 noGat.Jnn y 3CMJi i cxonaHi

UB51XM i HC XOTi B BI13HaTI1 ce6e nepeMO)KCHI1M. BOHII CKap)KIIJIJIC.H O)l.He

3paiJa J1tUII(_Q

Ha O)(HOfO yp.H.ll.y,

TYT BHRBI1JiaOI 3pa.n.a JlemKa, KOTpHif HaTHKaB I:(BSIXiB

y 3CMJIIO. bal.J.a'lJM UC, naHOBC , HKi IlOKaJii'4'MJ111 CBOIX KOHCU, 3a)Ka,'{aJIH

KHHrA I cnpane;vmnocTi, u~o6 3Hony nottaTH 3MaraHH.R 3a KoponincTno, 6o nepWHii pa3 BOHO 6yno nurpaHe 06MaHOM. YpH~ 3BeJiiB TOrO, XTO iHWHM Kana€ .RMY 3a~JISI CBO€I KOpHCTi, CXOTII-1TH, a CXOTIHDWH - p03~epT11 KiHbMJ1. Toro >K, XTO niWKI1 np116ir 11.0 CTODna, o6paJI11 Ha KOpOJJiDCTDO. Ue};f XO'll i 6ys 3 npocTOJJIO.LJ.y, ane TaK .n.o6pe ce6e TPHMaB, Hi611 BMxony- Yleusl(p sasc.R np11 KoponiscbKOMY .n.sopi. Eys y Hhoro TaKHM 3BM'llai1: KOJIH niH Mas J npocmomoiJy cmn8 CMlJ..iTM y KOpOJiiBCbKOMY O,Z:V13i Ha KOponiBCbKOMY npecTOJii Jl.ll.R .RKOrOCb I({Jp011tM cy.n.y, TO 3aB)f(,l.l.I1 HaKaJynas HaKHHYTH Ha ce6e Jnepxy cnil1 npocTMi1 O.LJ..Rr. 3thnai1 I I (c. 15) A ~e ll.JJ.R Toro, ll\06, lJ..MBJJ.RttJ1Cb Ha Hboro, ue JanHwaacH i He .9ltUll(fl norop,n.)Kysas y6orHMM, naM'.RTaiOtiH3a cniii nonepe,ll.Hiii cTaH; ll\06 o6.n.yp11TH UHM MiHJIJ1BY <J:lopTyHy, KOTpa 'llaCTO ni~HeCeHHX nropy 3HatiHO noHH>KyE. ,l(osro TPHMaJIHC.R UbOro 3BMtiaiO nOJibChi<i KH.R3i. lloTiM JlewKo, .n.asm11 iHWMM CBOIMM 3HatiHI1MM cnpasaMH .n.o6p1-1i1 npm<JJall. .no Hacni.n.ysaHH$1, po3npOI.I~aBC$13 ~MM CBiTOM, 3aJIMWJ1BlliJ1 no C06i CMHa 3 TaKHM )l(e iMeHeM - JlewKa TpeTboro.

JIEIIIKO

TPETIM

!J{acKf.n,o1Qt 6y6 8npa6nuu Ju(H.a 8iuni, ma1(6 i KP~anni 'ljeu Y't.enb Mapca, .Mo:JICe gBWcu 1(9:HCen gpogy.Mimu. 1(p.llu 6y8 .Mup y 8imttugni, a cunu 1\pponu 3a UoZO nany6an1Ul ne Ma.!tU npu6oay ()o 8iunu, 91To 8in, ne 6a:>~eamu oape.M:no npo6ecmu c8iu 8i~ !llo.MazaB yzoptj,fl.M y 6um6~ i Bu.n.6u8 ce6e l.pignu.M [ao 6opozi8}. 'J3iH .Ma6 8UJ 1Ul.!UJ:HC1lU1jb o6aihj,R.mb cuni6, a 00 mozo "'

KHHrA I 3i c8oew 8JUUnow Upy:HCU1W10 nopoUu.D

eiJuHOzo cuH-a9Tone.JIJl. II (c. 16}

rtfactTUJ 6y8ae ma"'- ~o 'lu.M 8oiio8Hu'limu.M e. .My:HC, !JJ[uJ,t 6i!tbtue noJlw6JlJI£ .Mapny 'Benepy. I JU(l!YJ .9ZetuJ@ ne o6op01tumb npu1(Mil ..9ttf./ula, Mapc, caM mpe!lw6uu"'- Jac8iihumb il.o.uy ge. PoKy Bi,ZJ; Pia,u;Ba rocnOJJ:HbOro 800

J'ltiUI(Jl

86umo

JlemKo TpeTiH, CMH JiemKa ,l(pyroro, DOXOBaBlliM 3fi.ZJ.HO i3 .H3M'lHH~bKHM 3BM'Ia€M CBOfO 6aTbKa, BCT}'DHB Ha KopoJiiscrso i cTaB CbOMMM noJibCbKMM MOHapxoM. Biu i1mos 3a 6aTbKOM y .u.o6pHx 3BM'IaJIX: npH6opKaB ycix soporis ua Kop~ouax, .u.o6pe fKpinHB i 3acnoKOiB Bci KOp~OHM CBOEI ,ZJ.ep)l(aBH. llOTiM, He 6a)l(aJO'IM .u.apeMHO BTpatiaTM tiacy, H~asaB .u.onoMory yrop~HM Ta caKcoH~HM npoTM KapJia BeJIMKoro. lloTiM poKy 801 iMnepaTop KapJI 3i6pas npoTH Hboro seJIHKe siikbKO i .u.ocHruys 3 HMM Cine3ii. JiemKo, MaJO'IM i3 co6o10 qexia, noMopHH, ciJie3u.is i npyccis, 3iiimosc.H 3 HHM 6iJIH piKM O.ZJ.pH i TaM 3a3HaB nopa3KH. lcTopHKM ,D.O,n:aiOTb, ~0 BiH 6ys TaM i B6MTMH. BiH MaB E,n:MHOfO CMHa lloneJI.H Bi,ZJ. CBO€I (3aKOHHOI] ,n:py)I(MHM, HKOfO npH3Ha'C.fMB Ha CBO€ MiCI.~e. BiH MaB TaKO)I( .n:sa.n:~HTb CMHis si.n: KoxaHoK, To6To EoJiecJiasa, Jl)I(MMHpa, BJia).{MCJiasa, BpaTMCJiasa, Orroua, Eapsiua, llmM6MCJiasa, RKca, CeMioHa, CeMOBMTa, CeMHCJiaBa, Eor,n:aHa, Cni~Mrepa, Cni~MM€)1(a, 36irH€Ba, Co6Ecnasa, BMCHM€)1(a, KaJHMHpa, BiCJiaBa, nmeMMCJiaBa, Mi)I(-KOTpHMM po3no,n:inMB me aa csoro )I(MTTH noMopcbKi KpaiHM a)l( JJ.O Mei1ceHa (Miszny), TaKO)I( Becrcpanil. Ui noTiM JacHysanH TaKi MicTa t1: 3aMKH: Mar.u.e6ypr (Maydeburg), ,l(a.neM6ypr, EpeMeH (?] (Brzemie), BMcMap, JiiM6ypr, lii06eK, lllsepiu, MeKJieu6ypr (Miekielburg), TiJIOB, PocTOK, BepTe, OcTpOB i 6araTo iHlliMX. me H ,n:oci y THX KpaiHaX JJ,OCMTb CJIOB'.HHCbKOl MOBH DOMi)l( npocTOJIIO.lJ:OM, a 3BfTbCH BOHH cop6aMH (Serbami). HiMQi 3BYTb ix siu,n:Mw (Windysz)- si.u. saH,n:a.nis, MH )I( ix 3BeMo Kawy6aMH.

IIOIIEJih

IIEPIIIMH

g}[o6i JliJICK.P Ja!lumu8 MUJlUU 6amb1(p, .91.Jle :HC ma.M ne 6yJlo cnpa8u Mapca, · !l1To6i 3anoBioa8 3na;rooumu 1w.collo(}y mi.nb1QJ y Jlliu 13enepii 0, .mo6umeJLw uacoJloou! 'lilu ne .Miz. cJLy:>~eumu 9TaJlJLaOi. 0c1(illb1(U :JIC mu cepeo inmu;rpiDuu;r 6pami8 ']v[a8 no npupoDuo.My npaBy zoJLofh.te .Micy,e, f}J[o CJlYlUHO 6yJLo 6, .5U(pu mu umo8 CJLioa.Mu 6amb1(a I 6y8 npUJ(!laOOM oo6pof C!la8u OJlJl inmu;r_. Vjo JIC mu Srtunu8 ziDuoz.o c8oe.My o6o8 llJ1(]F Xi6a l{!,O npo1(fl.5l8 cuna i npoC!la8u8c.5l mi.Jlb1QJ y,u.M. II (c. 17)

KHMrA I

PoKy B~ Pi3,li;Ba rocnO,li;HhOro

815

IToneJib, CHH JleniKa TpeTboro, 6yB neplliMM npaBHTeJieM 3 TaKMM iMeHeM, HKe y HiM~is 3BY1.1MTb SIK Occepux (Osserych), TiJibKH-HO npMMHHB 6aTbKiBcbKY MoHapxiiO, TO TYT )l(e y HbO-

MY·

scynepe1.1 cno.n.isaHH.HM, BH.HBMJIMCb noraHi pMcM Ta lllaJieHCTBO. OT)I(e, 'l!epe3 ropu Ta JiicH siH He noJII06HB Mic~enoJIO)I(e HH.si KpaKosa, nepeHic KopoJiiBCbKHM npecTOJI ,n.o fHE3Ha, a 3 fHE3Ha- ,u.o Kpylllsi~i y noJI.si, 3a.Mol( !Ton tilt> a TaM HaKa3aB 36y,n.ysaTM 3aMOK Ha,n. o3epoM fonJio. ,lJ.aJii npo Hboro HeMa ~o nHcaTH, 6o Hi'lloro 3Ha'l!Horo He B'l!HHHB y CBOEMY )I(MTTi, TiJibKM 3aB- 36u'laibte )I(,lJ.H nparHyB .n.o po3KimHoro )I(HTT.H. BiH Mas 3BM'l!KY 3aMiCTb npOKJIHTb npoi(!IJUJttM noTU/I.Jl Ka3aTM: «Bo.n.ali MeRe MMllli 3'iJIM». TioTiM MHilli 3'iJIM He iioro, aJie Jioro CHHa, npo ~o 6y,n.e HM)I(1.J:e. I

(c. 18)

,l(PYfl1M

TIOTIEJih

'ljeu, 6oJr/t.Ucb, UJ,06 iiozo ne c1(uuyAu J npecmofly, !JTpo JpcWy paUumbCJl J :Hein1(9w, a 6ona c~6a.moe. yeu JcWy.M: 11jo6 cu.M.!Jfiw6a6 ~6opo6y, a c1(!lu1(fl8mu iJ6an~mb cmpui6, 'Bcb(ompyi6 ga :Heiuorzow nopaiJ01o. 3 yu~ mpyni6 6uuUL!lu ma1(j .Mepgenni .Mumi, 2ljo 6iiJ HU~ HWe He .MoZJI.U c;w£Jamuc.J£ 6 mumi Olj,i .My:HCo66u8yi- Hi y 6ozHi, Hi y 6oiJii I .Mumi J i.nu k. ig iJimb.Mu ttUl.M, Ha Xpytu6ilJ,b1(9.My zpoiJi. I mu, UJ,O iJ.Il.J! 1(9pucmi niiJiii.M.aem c6oi py1\Y 6 iM. Jl J.ll.a,

KHMrA I 13tz:ucb cnpa6eo!lu6ocmi, zy,o6 He Ja;ptamu mo6i ma1(9i M.y1Ql. c 1ioz, Jli(Jlu M.cmumbc.fl. ga 1(JJU6Uu; e 1(fl.pa OAA J.!L~!lwoeu, I 6ow 6na()e Ha ma~J6Wmu, JBiiJw Douu He iJyM.awmb i He cnoOilJawmbCJL. II (c. 19)

PoKy Bi~ Pia,n;Ba rocno~Hhoro 830

Xumpo OuzaiJaHa )(8opo6a 9Tpo'(!IJlmui1 JliO'lUH

flone.nb ,l{pyn1i1 6yn MOJIO.ll.HM o6prumi1 Ha noJibCbK)' MOHapxiiO CBOIMH CTPH.HMH, HiMenbKHMH KH.H3.HMH. 3a nci i1oro cnpaBH CTpHI lllBH,ll.KO 6paJIHC.H. KoJlH )K noneJlb ,ll.OC.Hr llOBHOJiiTTH, TO He CTaB 3aHMaTHC.H cnpanaMH KOpOJliBCbKHMH Ta Peqi nocnOJlHTOI, a 3Hiqen'.H nopm路tyB y ,noMalliHIO Hacono.ny, 6eHKen1, TaHu.i, pi3HY MJ3HK)'. Horo iK .npyiKHHa, KOTpa 6yna 3 HiMe'l'lHHH, o6necm1BHMH CJlOBaMH BJli3Jia HOMJ B cepne, BHacni,noK qoro He niH, a noHa Kepynana nciMa cnpanaMH, .HK Iii no.n.o6aJioc.H, BepxonHi naHone Ta KopoHHHH ceHaT, no6a'-IHBlliH, ~o niH, Hi6H Cap,naHanaJI, iKHBe y cniTCbKHX Hacono.nax i nciJI.HKHX HiK'leMHOCT.HX, norop.lJ.HJlH HHM, llOKHHYJIH HOfO i np03BaJIH HOfO KOlliHKOM (kosyzsko) Bi,ll. TIJ.IXaTHX iTanii1u.in. Horo .ll.PYiKHHa, no6a '-IHBWH u.e i no6oiOIO'lHCb, ~o6 KoTporocb CTpHH TioneJI.H He 6yno o6paHO Ha HOfO MiClJ,e, 3MOBHJiaC.H 3 HHM i HaKa3aJia i1oMy CHMYJIIOBaTH cMepTeJlbHY xnopo6y. BiH Tai< i Bl.JHHHB. Eyno nocJiaHo .no ncix i1oro cTpHIB, KoTpi np116ym1, ~o6 i1oro nponi.n.aTH. A KOJlH BOHH CH,li.iJIH TaM npH HOfO JiiiKKy, BiH nonpoCHB IX, ~06 BOHI1 niCJIH liOfO cMepTi o6paJIH Ha i1:oro Micu.e O.lJ.HOro 3 i1oro .nnox CHHin. BoHH noo6ir.viJin TaK B'"IHHHTH, HK~o Ha ne noro,ll.HTbcn wnnxTa. An u.eii '"lac Koponena HaroT)'BaJia y ey6ey oTp-yTH, 3MiwanlllH II 3 BHHOM, .nana BHTIHTH KOiKHOMJ 3i cTpHiB i, 60H'"IHCb, m:o6 XTOCb BiA IJ.bOfO Oll,pa3y He BllaB MepTDI1M, CKa3a.Tia, ~06 BOHJ.i

KHMrA I Jl.a.Tilt cnoKiH floneJJeBi. KOJJM :>K BOHH I3JfHIUJJI1 .D,O MiCTa, TO qepe3 OTpyry

BOHn Ma.JIII BHO'-Ii neJJHKY M)'KY i nci TaM noMepJJn.

U.SI naHi, pa.u.i10q11, cKa3a-

na: <•nor lx noKapan, 6o BOHH3a.D.yManH nqMHI1T11 JJJe naH)' a6o tioro CI1HaM». O.n:HaK lxu:i Tina He ,UaJIH noxonaTI1 y 3eMJJi, a CI<11HYJJI1

y o.u.He 03epo, KoTpe

po3TaWOBaHe Heno.n.aJiiK ni.u. KpyumiQi i Ha3HBa€TbC.Sl ronJJO (Goplo). A TaM

'.DulJoltu31CHa no).tcma 'Eo31Ca

31..\11X TiJI BHJii3Jil1 BeJJUKi ll CTparnHi MHllli, I<OTpi KI1H)'JII1C.Sl Ha KOpOJJ..Sl, 51KI1~1

91-(uwi

6eHKerynas Ha JaMI<y, TaKo:>K Ha Koponesy Ta lxHix CHHin i CTaJII1 lx KYCaTM.

J mpyni6

CJiyrM He MOfJ111 audrHaTI11..\11X MHllleH aHi 36po€10, aHi BOfHCM. To.u.i KOpOJib 3 .ll.PY:>KI1HOIO Ta .D,iTbMM BTiK Bi,U Ml1llleH Ha BO.D,)', a BOHH Ja HI1M, np11qOMY IX U(C 6iJibllle 3'51BIIJIOCb i3 BO.D,I1. l..JOBH.Sipi, 60..Sll.Il1Cb, 1.1.{06 Ml1llli He nporp113JII1 tiOBHa nocepe.n. o3epa, .SIKHai1rnBI1.D.llie BTCKJII1 Ha 6eper. A floneJib, 6aqaq11, U(O JJ.iETbC.Sl, 11\0 HOfO B:>Ke 3Bi.LJ.yciJib nepecJii.LJ.)'IOTb MJUIIi, 6iroM BTiK 3i CBOiMM Ha se:>Ky, KOTpa 1% nOHI1Hi .a.oci1Tb rpi3HO cTOITb, oToqeHa Jsi.a.ycinu soJJ.OIO.

Ane 1% TaM i1oro 3Hai1IIIII11 Ml1rni i .nomeHry 3 'l1111

i1oro 3 .n.py:>KMHOIO Ta

.l(iTbMH, TaK 11\0 Bi,n HMX He JII1IIII1JIOCSI Hil.IOfO, Ja BI1H51TKOM CaMI1X TiJibKJ1 KiCTOK. Qe 6yna RBHa Kapa Eo:>Ka, riprna, Hi)l( KOJII1Cb cpapaoHy, i sci Ti 3 Hac, KOTpi npOKJIMHaiOTb OCTaHHiMl1 CJIOBaMl1 O,L\He O,L\HOr O, TC)I( MO:>K)'Tb ni,nnacTI1 ni.n Hel. focno,n11 Xp11cTe, J6epe:>KI1 Hac si.n csoro rHisy.

II'.H C T

I I (c. 20)

KPYIJ1BIIJ;bK11H

0 ~mnuu Jfluzaw iJaDni:t_;twiJeu~ 0 no6o:HCHa npoc'ffUJma ~~ Clla6n~.My~i61

j{e copo.M:HO 6yM 1(oponnu.M nana.M JaiJM ziiJHocmi

!JT.oca(}umu opa'la ua KSJPOlli8co1(? .MicZJ,e.

KHMrA I J't ye JMAA ca.Moi millb1@ ucmi ma nommuDoi cnpa8u,

Y l(pmpiu, 1\f}imny"lu, t;eii cTWlmeHuii "teawm .My~ CicmaD Bi"lHY CJUlBy. 3 tj,bOW ihlcepe!la niUJ.!lu Dei nofl.bcb1(j. .MoHtLp~ I Dei 1(flpolli ax oo 1(fJpollJr..9lwo6i1(fl. Cmapi Kpytu6itj,o1\i cminu! '.Biihw6imbCJI, tj,u.Mu fllu0Hu.M.u "lyoeca.Mu, 1(9mpi cnim1(MU o6o;r_ 1(9pOJliD. Jtlihlce opatt- cma6 1(9polle.M, a iJpyww (1(fJpoM) 3 'in.u Muwi: OuDoBu:HcH.uii !TocnoiJb y cnpa6a;r_ c8ozo cyiJy. II (c. 21)

PoKy B~ Pia~Ba rocno~HbOI'O 824 ITicJI.R

)l(aJIIOri~Horo

KiHI.Vl ITone;u1

J(pyroro Ha MOHapxiiO KopoHH IToJihChKOi 6}'B O,D.HOC'raHHO o6paHHH yciMa IT' .siCT Kpywsi~hKHH TaKHM qJ1HOM. KoJIH noJihChKi naHose i IIIJHIXTa 3 'ixaJIH-

c.R ~0 Kpywsi:Qi 3a,zJ)I.R o6paHH.R HOBOfO BOJIO.U.ap.R, TO He MOfJIIi 3f0~HTHC.SI Ha OAHOCTaHHHH BH6ip, .RK TO 3BHqaHHO 6}'BaE y TaKHX cnpanax. E}'B To~i IT' .RCT, MimairnH 3 Kpywsi:Qi, ~o6p11ii, npocnril i cnpaneAJIMBHH qoJIOBiK, y KoTporo '.Toe· munnicTnb

6u1Ultopo· ~:HCg£mbCJL

.S1Kpa3 TO)J.i HapOAHBC.SI CHH. To)J.i ll'.siCT 3aKOJIOB fJI~KOfO Ka6aHa j Haroryaas 6oqKY Me.zcy Ha iMeHHHM cso€1 AHTHHH 3f~Ho 3 .R3HqHM:QbKHM 3BHqaEM. ITpHHIIIJIH /1,0 HbOfO )J.Ba HeJHaHOMHX ~a y fOCTi, npo KOTpHX UHmyTh, l.l{O Qe 6yJIH pHMCbKi ~eHHKH cs. ITasJio Ta cs. IoaHH. ix He nycTHJIH y KopoJiiBChKHH naJia:Q, ,D.e 6yJia TO/l,i eJieK:Qi.R, TO BOHH npOCMJIH fOCUOAap.R, QhOfO IT' .HCTa, mo6 BiH ix npHHH.HB y CBiH/l,iM. BiH )l(e 3 pa/l,iCTIO ~e sqHHHB i /l,aB IM icTH /l,o6pi cTpaBH i nHTH Me/1,, JanpocHBIIIH Ha iMeHMHH. BoHH HOM)' Jrill.HO Ji JBHqaEM nocTpHrJIM /l,HTHHY if HapeKJIH CeMOBHTOM. HaiBWHC.R Ta HanHBIIIHC.R, nOHH llOll..HKYSaJIH Ta niiiiJIH reTh.

A BeJIHKa Maca JIIO/l,eH, KOTpa TO.D;i

6yJia y Kpywsiu;i, He MOrJia Hiqoro 3HaHTH 3 nposiaHry, ~o6 KYDHTH, TOMY xo,nHJIH i TaM

i C.HM. IHIIIi )I( npm1:IIIJIH /1,0 IT'.RcTa, mo6 BiH iM

~och npo.u.an,

aJie niH KO)I(HOM)', XTO /1,0 HbOfO npHXO/l,Hn, 3a/l,apMa /l,anan lcTH TOH XJii6 i UHTH TOM Me/1,, I..IJ:O BiH HarOTYBaB Ha iMeHHHI1. AJie nOH.H He MOfJIIi 3'IcT.H TOfO XJii6a i BHnHTH TOH Me.n, mo siH HaroTYBaB. To/l,i, 6aqaqH, ~o 3 HHM 6yn nepcT Eo11mif, nci cKa3aJIH, O/l,HOcTaHHo noro,D.HnlllHCh: «Hamo .>K rnyKaTH iHI.Iloro nOJIO/l,ap.R, KOJIH HaM 6orH B.>Ke nKa3aJIH Ha HbOfO». l xoqa ll' .HCT .UOBfO ni.lJ.MOBJI.HBC.H ni.u. ~horo, 0/l,HaK, 6aqaq11 noJIIo DO)I<y, He npoTHnHBCH ii1 i cTan ixHiM naHOM. ITpOT.flrOM ,ll.Ba;I,I.VITH pOidB niH ~aCJIHBO Ta 3 nory.>KHOIO MOryi'HicTIO Opa-r !J1Ju.m l(fJpO/liOE

naHynan, xoq i 6yn npocToJIIO,D.HHOM ni.D. cox11. A noTiM, MaiOqH cnoro niKY

120 poKiB, niH nonpomanc.H 3 QHM caiToM, 3aJJHI.IlHnrnl1 no co6i CHHa CeMonHTa. 3 KpOBi QbOrO IT'.HCTa nHBO)J.HJIH cniH pill. llOJibCbKi KHR3i Ta I<OpOJii a)l( /1,0 Jho.u.nii<a, KOpOJI.H nOJihCbKOfO Ta yropCbKOfO.

CEMOBI1T Wfal( meJIC i 5Ue1(faHOp %a1(?00UCb1(UU 6eJLU1(UU, .fl1(uu millb1(U cma6a6 nofh.toJlimHiM, a 6JICe Jac.M.ymu6 6ci:( JLwoeii CfJoe.w cM.epmw, mal(i mu, .M.y:HCHiii Ce.M.o6ume,

KHHrA I 3a.;z.uruaem 8e.fl.u1(Jlii ~Mb i c.M.ymo1(y 8imttu;p·d. gr{8iu M ett 6y8 cy8opu.M. a.ll.fL Ma.!UJ8ipH.~ yzopl);,i8, 1(gmpUJ( gJ[u 8uzHalJ Ja c6oi 1(SJpDOH.u, Ja X..apnamcb1(j zopu. II (c. 22) '.Bci no.MopJl-H.U ()a8a.;z.u mo6i 1Ul.MJICH.Y DaH.uH.y, ?(9~eH. peme.!l.b1W 8u1(SJH.y6a8 c6oi no8uH.H.ocmi. I Dee y,e 6'tuH.UJUJCb min.b1(U ga zomupu po1(u, a zg,o J~C, 1(SJ.flu 6 mu 'Do6tue no:Hcu6, mo CJla8u6CJl- 6, 6eg cy.MH.ifJy, ii ()a.;z.i. Oima1( cl(j.n.b1(U ~u8, cmin.b1(U J~Cu6, Me 8e.flu1(j cnpa8u 'BttUH.U8, Om:HCe, OOCUmb :JICU6, tg,06 60H.U :JICU!LU Y 8i1(fll(:

PoKy Bi,z:t; Pi3,z:t;Ba rocno,z:t;Hboro 895 CeMOBRT, noxosaswR 3a .R3WIHHQbK11M 3BHqa€M CBOrO 6aTbKa

ll'.RCTa,

BCrynHB Ha npeCTOJI. _Qei1 naH}'BaB 3 OC06-

JIHBHMH eHeprieiO Ta M}')f(HiCTIO i 3 He MeHWOIO o6epe)f(HiCTIO csoii1 cnpasi. BiH no~Ho

11 qacTo,

y KO)f(HiH

.u.e TinbKH TpanJI.RJIOC.R, si.u.raH.RB Bi.u.

KOp.U.OHiB CBO€i ~ep)f(aBH BciX BoporiB , npHMYCHB ~0 CllJiaTH ~aHHHH yropQiB, qexiB, Karuy6iB Ta llOMOpQiB, 3aJIHWHB DO co6i CHJIY"'CHJieHHY npeKpaCHHX cnpaB, ri)J.HHX KOpOJiiBCbKOrO CTaH}'. AJie BiH npoBiB Ha npeCTOJii TiJibKH 'IOTHpH pOKH CBOrO )f(HTT.R i B MOJIO)J.OM)' BiQi llOKHHYB I:(eM CBiT, 3aJIHWHBWH no. co6i E.lJ.HHoro CHHa JlewKa qeTBepToro.

JIEIIIKO

(c.

23)

qETBEPTI1H

Mup, Jl-1QlU 6y8 8cmaw8JZ£nuii 6cmu,1\i8Cb1QI..M. MeUM I cap.Mamcb1(jii. fJimzuJ1ti tuJ6epH£nuii y gnazniii .Mipi, ~1UJ.fl106u9 cun {Ce.MoiJuma}, tg,0 ao ciJozo 1@tl;Yl

'lfumt> C£.Mo6uma

KHHrA I

:IW(g.JW, UoZO 1re nopyutu8, a:HC Oo OcttUlJlntJOi M.umi. :>Koaen itozo upeJ ~ m zaxu8, #a u;o mi, ~ aptj.l(om~ ~aiJo6a gDo6u'li nepe6a:HCae npazHeHJUl ao .Mupy. JVze ye ao~ fJiibuno: a :t!1UJ Mile tj,i.n.l(98umuu .Mup, 'Do6uBaxnucb dfozo, e nocmiii.Hu.M y cBrmc 'IUl.Mi.p~ 9JToi1 1re npazue mwzo 7J_JJICOZO, 60 lJom11i ga6a/Ju ?5i.llbUJ£ 1(0UI11l!J1011tb K:po6onpoAutn111.fl, nblc npunoC5l1Ttb c.JUJSu. ~Au m 6y6ae 8o61Ula npu'luHa no6o:HCH010, Xi6a t!YJ ma, I({Jtnpa npazue .Mupy.

PoKy Bi,ll. Pi3,li.Ba rocnO,lJ.Hboro 902 JlernKo YeTsepT1111 , noxoaaBIIIH csoro 6aTbKa CeMOBHTa, scryn11B Ha KOponiBCbKai1 npecToJI y MOJIOAOMY siui. 0.[(HaK BiH nepe6ysaB ni.l{ oniKyHaMH a)K ,l{O ,[(OCHrHeHHH ITOBHOJiiTTH. floTiM y KOpOJiiBCTBi, .RKe .[(iCTaB rriCJIH 6aTbKa y MI1pi Ta 6e3neui i .SIKOMY HiXTO Hi3Bi.l{KH He 3arpo)Kysas, I I (c. 24) naH)'BaB i3 6aTbKiBCbKMMH tiecHoTaMH. TioTiM, 3aJIHlllHBllJH CJ1Ha CeMoMHCJiana, noKHH)'B ue:ii caiTTaKO)K MOJIO,l(MM.

CEMOMMCJIAB 'ljeu 6yfJ ocmaHHi.M. 3 upzu KPpo;li6 X!JpoHu, ?({Jmpi 6yJlu 5LJU'lHU1(aMU 'lyJKoi EJipu. 11o.My HapoOu!ta .M.amip C1linozo cuH.a,

rniiJu'la,

nepeo muM. 6o1-ta oofho 6y11.a 1-len11.icmo10,

KHIIrA I tBoHa nocmiuHO Janumy8Ma npo tj,IO OUmuHy: «0m7:.e, .$U(f. :HC .5l MaiO Oamu i./11. Jr. [u, 'L.U He fJWnoBicu?» X..oll.u :He Hacma6 oeHb WHUH, ~ cma.Jloc>l? 1j.5l aumuHa panmo.M 7:.yaecHO npoJpin.a. tBci 6yfl.u HaOJ6u7:.auHo y,u.M Bpa:JICeHii a zgo :HC mal(!- y,e OJUa'L.Mo? .9l me, tf!,O .MMa icmuuue c8im.flo Xj)poua 1Toll.bCb1(a no6a7:.umu, mo6mo {c8i111.!lo] zyucmUJT.H.Cb1(9i '13ipu, y 1(9mpiu i ooci 8oua :HCU8e J 8oJli 'Eo:JICoi. II (c. 25)

PoKy Bi~ Pia~Ba rocno)J;a XpHCTa 921 CeMOMHCJiaB no cMepTi 6aTbKa npHiiH.HB BJia.Lzy Ha.zt: KopoHoJO TioJihCbKOJO. L(eu ~o~o 3BHqais Ta HaJie)KHHX i 3HaqHHx cnpan HicKiJibKH He nocrynanc.s~ cnoiM npe~KaM; Jie~ne cnpoMirc.H y CTapocTi nopo~HTH €~HHOI'O CHHa, iTO He3pHqoro. KoJIH )K ~0 rH€3Ha C11inoHa· poiJ31CeHUU 3ri~HO i3 H3HqHHQbKHM 3BHqa€M BiH CKJIHI<aB KOpOHHHX naHiB Ta IllJIHXTY CUH Ce.4W· Ha nocTpH)KeHHH cHHa Ta uoro iMeHHHH, To cHay ~aJIH iM' H MelllKO. Tii~ qac J,cllCJI46a npoJpi6 6eHKery, KOJIH ~e He BCTHI'JIH ciCTH, 6aTbKOBi npHHCCJIH pa.zt;icHy 3BicTKY npo Te, mo uoro cHH npoapin. Bci ocTonniJIH 3 no~Hny. Mi)l( THM npHHecJIH i1 CHHa 3 HCHHMH npoapiJIHMH oqHMa. Komi KopoJib 3anHTaB *epQiB npo Te, mo 6 Qe 3HaqHJIO, TO BOHH Bi~OOBiJIH: Q$1 ~HTHHa npo3piJia 3 MHJIOCTi CuM8o11. npoJpiliH.R EO)I{Oi, OT)Ke, rocno~b Eor HeB~OB3i npocBiTHTb i BCIO lloJibnzy. TaK i CTa- y ;r;pucmu· JIOCH, npo mo 6y~e cKa3aHo HH)l(qe, lloTiM CeMOMHCJian, yKpinHBillH 3 ycix .RXCt>J(jil8ipi 6 !lloJlt>lgi 6oKiB Kop~oHH cnoro KopoJiiBcTna, 3aJIHWHB MHP cnoeMY CHHoni i nOKHHYB QeH cniT.

KHIIrA I

M € Ill K 0, a6o M E q H C JI A B

I I (c. 26) fTocnoOu Xpucme, ga 7-acifY y,vozo 1QL51-JJL gj[fYoJL ~6a.Jla 3 He6ecnow y,apcmfYa 6yna na.M. 8uJL6Jlena. gj[u 8up6a6 uac, c6oe cmaiJo, CfYoi.M. .M.wwcepo>LM 3 uenacumuoi natge1(u neK§Jlbnozo mylli1Ql-. 'BmeJ(!lo nepeo g}[o601o oa&e WOllOnOJ(!loHcm6o, !J(pmpozo 6y!lo noOno 6 9To!lvtgi ga 7-aciG nozancv1(U~ Cno7-am1(]J na.M. 6yAa oana iJi6a 3 7-eCb1(9W poiJy, 'Bona naunepUUJw nooa/la na.M. zyecue JI-UI.Meno. !JJ[u, !TocnoOu - naunepzua npU7-UHa cnacinnJL, 'Bona JfC - ()pyza, ue~au JfCe i ii JICUmm.5l. 6yoe npoc!la6Jleue y 6i1(fl~ 'Bona npufYe!la oo y,vozo u c6ozo "lo.!lo6i1(a ::Meml@, 'lljo6 Din 6.M.u6CJI- y !JJ[fJoe.M.y OJICepe!li, a nomiM, u()yrzu UoZO CJlioo.M., f)je fhunu.Jlu u in mi. 0, JI-1( 6azanw ma.M. 2(pcmbollifY, nam !TocnoOu, JaO!l.fl. Y,bOW 6eci.luz.JL 'Ey!lO g6yoo8auo ua g}[8ow rzecmb npu oe6 'slmu X..a¢eDpa~ enuc1(9ncb1(Jlft npuc6JI-rzeuu~ 6irzniu !JJ[6oiu ~6a.Jli. :Jfe~au JfCe cfYJLmi g][6oi cnpa8u CJla8!l.fl.mbCJI- no 8cvo.M.y c6imy, Vo1Ql- J .9/.ygumanCb1(Jl~ {Luzitacsf(icli) zip pi1(u me"tymv oo .M.opJl. PoKy Bi,D; Pi3,D;Ba rocnO,D;HbOro

962

M emKo, KOTpMii 6yn cJiinoHapo.n.>KeHHH, noxosan 6aTbKa ari.n.Ho ai 3BH"'aEM; aa aaraJibHOJO aroJI.OJO :Horo o6paJIM Ha OoJihCbKY MOHapxiJO. BiH MaB ciM HaJIO>KHMUb, o.n.HaK si.n. >KO.li.HOI He MaB

KHMrA I Haw.a.n.t«l, TOMY 6yn .n.y)Ke 3acMyqeHHM.

~iel np11qHHH .n.enKi xp11CTI1.HHH

qaCTO 3aKJII1KaJJM HOrO )l.O TOrO, I.l{06 BiH 3 yciM CBOIM po.n,OM np11HH.HB xpMCTM.HHCbKY aipy, HKW.O xoqe 3 Bo)KOI MI1JIOCTi BTiw11T11cn caoiMI1 Haw.a.n,KaM11, BTiwMTH ~HM i ce6e caMoro, i Kopoay. 0oc.nyxaBW11 IXHbOI nopa,u.H, niH OOCJiaB CBaTiB ,li.O .n,OqKH qeCbKOfO KQpOJij~ EoneCJiana, KOTpHi1 ni.n.no n6Hn 6paTa BaQJiana. Koponh .6oneCJias oxo-

qe ,u.as 3ro.n.y Ha ~e 3a YMOBH, w.o MewKo pa30M 3i csoiM aapo,u.oM npHi1:Me xpHCTI1AHCbKY nipy. MelllKO 3 yciMa cnorMH aai1roJIOBHiWHMH naaaMH .u.o6posiJihHO 6yn oxpew.ea11i1: poey ai,u. Pi3,u.aa focno.n.aXpHcTa 965 i 3MiHMB caoe iM'H MelllKO; sia 6ya aa3aaaHi1 Me'tii1CJianoM, T06To 3HaMeHHTHM cJianmo ai.u. Met.Ia. Bia Herai1Ho HaKa3an yciM B3ara.ni i1 KO)KHOMY 30KpeMa y cnoii1: .u.ep)Kani, W.06 CbOMOfO )l.H.H MiCj~~H 6epe3Hj~ ~bOfO )I( poey, RK BHW.e 6yJIO CKa3aHO, 6yJIM cnaJieHi i1: naiseq o6epaeai sci i,u.oJIH pi3HHX 6oria. PaHiwe )K TBOpHJIMCH piJHi peqi, a COHQe, Micj!Qb, BiTep, KOTporo 3BaJIH 0orBi3)l.OM, WaHy-BaJIH HK 6orin. KpiM Toro, IOniTepa (Jowisza), KoTporo BOHH 3BaJII1 :HoccoiO (Joss&), lliyToaa, KoTporo 3BaJII1 Jla.n,oHOM, Uepepy, KOTPY 3BaJIH HieiO (Nijq) i Ha qecTh KOTpol icH)'BaB 3HaMeHMTHi1 xpaM y fHe3Hi; Beaepy, KOTPY 3BaJIM Map)KaHOIO, .l{iaH}', KOTPY Ha3MBaJIH Ha .R3WlHHQbKHi1 na.n. 3enoHieiO (Ziewoni'l.), ncix ix BwaHonynanH HK 6oris. I I (c. 27) TaKO)K JleJI..H i OoJieJIH, T06To KacTopa 3 noJIJI}'KCOM, WaH)'BaJIH i1: si,u..n.ananH iM noqecTi HK Bory. ~e i1: .n,oHHHi y BenHKonoJibw,i, oco6nHao no cenax, JIIO.U.H 3fa.zzyiOTb JleJIH i1: Oonem1 ni.u. qac 6eHKeTiB. BOHH Ma.JlH TaKHM 3BJ1qaH: HK 'tiOJIOBiKH, TaK i )KiHKH, HK MOJIO,ll.i,

'JTO/Ul'(.U

npui1.Ma10m1> zyucmuJZH Cbi(Jf

/Jipy

'JTO/Ul'(.U, HU~'lU

ilJUZHUijm8o,

naJIJlmb

WO.IIi6

38uwi1

TaK i CTapi, y CB.HTi ,U.Hi O~HX CBOIX 6oriB, KOJIH 6yno WaHOBaHO KOTporOCb i3 no1Ul'(f.6 HMX, BJiaWTOBYBaJIH Ha neBHHX Mic~..HX irpH, TaH~i if pi3Hi 3a6aBH, OC06JIH- Jafwci8J ilJU'lHUijm8a BO 25 TpanH.H i 25 qepBH.H. TaKi 3rpoM~)KeHH..H npocTOJIIO.l( Ha3HBaB CTa)l.OM (stadem), a ~e I.l{e no.n.eey,u.H TpanJI..HEThC..H i1: ,u.oci no ceJiax JIHTBH Ta Pyci. noqanwH ni.u. npoai.l(HOI ae.u.illi a)~{ .n;o CB. IoaHHa XpecniTeJIH, )KiHKH i1: ,u.iBKH y CB.HTi ,U.Hi CXQ,ll;j~TbC...H KynaMH,ll;O TaH~IO i, cniBaiO'tiH CBOI CTapi niCHi, qacTO 3fa.zzyt0Tb Jl~oHa. Boa11 JI.HCKaiOTh .ZJ;OJIOHHMH 'H noaTopiOIOTb: «Jl~o. JI~o», BHBO.ZJ;HTb nocepe.n; p11HKY n Taau:i w11poKe KOJIO, B3HBWHCb 3a pyKH. U:ei1: TaHOK pych i JIHTna 3BYTb xopono.n;oM (korohodem). Y Cille3ii, aa nOJibChKOM}' KOp,li.OHi, 17 6epe3HH, T06TO TOfO ,ll;H...H, KOJIH ~i i,U.OJ111 6yJIO 3HHW.eHO Xp11CTHRHaMI1, XJIOn'RTa no CeJiax i MiCTe'tiKax 3ri,u.HO 3 ,U.aBHiM 3BI1'tla€M po6JI...HTb 3 COJIOMH a6o 3 iHWOI noraHeHbKOi peqi HKOfOCb i,u.O)Ia Ha KWTaJJT )KiHKH Ta o6MOT}'IOTb i1:oro xycTKaMH. Bci cxo.n.HTbC.H .n.oeynH i1: To.n;i 3 f}"''HHM JIRCKaHHHM y ,li.OJIOHi Ta <f>opeMHHM cniBOM Ha pi3Hi fOJIOCH CKH,ll.aiOTb ~bOfO i,u.oJia 3 Mocry B piqKy. To,u.i KH.H3b Me'tiHCJiaB, O't111CTI1BWM cno10 MOHapxiJO ni.n; i.n;ononoKJIOHCTBa, H~ae CBOEMY Hapo.u.y HBHi 3HaKH xpHCTH..HHCTBa. Ko)KeH MaB 6YT11 npHCYTHiM np11 )l(epTBi Ha CB. JliTyprii; KOJIH 'tiHTaJJOCSJ €naare.nie, TO 'tiOJIOBiKH BHTHrynaJIH ,li.O nOJIOBHHH Meqj 3 nixon, CHMBOJii3}'10'tiH ~HM, W.O 3a Bipy focno,u.a XpHCTa KO)KeH 3 HHX 6yn fOTOBHH 6HTHCJI Ha CMepTb, 6opoH..H'tiH cnono Bo)Ke Ta CBHTe €naarenie. U:eii Me'tiHCJian 3acaynan Ha 6a)KaHHH CBOEi KOpOJieBH .l{y6pbBKH y KpaKiBCbKOM}' 3aMey KOCTbOJI CB. Bai.VIaBa, a qe niH 3.n,iikHHB Ha naM'HTb npo ii cTpHH Bai.VIasa, KOTporo 3a6HB ii 6aTbKO. Me'tiHCJiaa 36y.zzyaan TaKO)K y Kpywsiqi enHcKonchKHii aaMoK, aJie iioro noTiM

6yno nepeHeceHo .u.o Bpo~asa Ha O.n;epi. BiH 36y.u.ysas 'tiHMaJIO if

KHHrA I iHIDHX KOCTbOJiiB i Jzy)Ke IX o6,napynaB, .HK i f1oro ,npy)KHHa, KOTpa He MeHme cnpH'UfHHJiaC.JI )lO npMMHO)KeHH.JI xpHCTMHHCbKOI BipM. )J.y6pOBKa Hapo,nH· Jia iioMy CHHa, KOTPOMY ,naJia iM '.R csoro 6aTbKa EoneCJian. Pych noTiM npo3BaJia :Horo Xopo6pHM, To6To soi1onHW.JHM. Hes.nonJi niCJIH QhOro noMepna MaTH BoneCJiana i 6yJia noxosaHa 3 neJIHKHM Wia'ieM npocTOJIIOJcy B fHE3Hi. BoHa JaB)K,l(H xo,nHJia npocTosonocoiO, .RK seJIHTb 3BH'iai1, mo icHYE B lJexii a6o B HiMe'i'iHHi. Me'iHCJian )Ke BJ.JIB iHwy .np}')KMHY Ha iM'.R IO,nMT, ,noqKY yropchKoro KH.JI3.JI €cn1; ni.n Hei niH Mas .npyroro CHHa, KoTporo HaJsan Ha cno10 qecTb Me'iHCJias. Me'iHCJian noCJian .no PHM)' KpaKiBCbKoro enHcKona

ceca, JlnMnepTa, npoc.R'iH KopoHH .nnn lloJihCbKoro KoponincTBa, I I (c. 28) mo i1 noo6i~HB .nant 6narocJioneHHMi1 oTeQb. .AJie Toi1, .n}'MaiO'iM, mo Me'iMCJian 1(9p0111>

yzopc~>I(Jlil

(OonUWHO me He 6yn .ni:HcHMM xpMcTMHHMHOM, ni,nMOBMB MOM)' n QbOM)'. A B Qei:i qac TaniJHiUU p!J1(91C.-

KO)I( np116yn Ja KopoJiiBcbKOIO KopoHOIO ni.n Kopomr CTecpaHa 3 Yropli.{MHH

IO.?tf.) nocoJI AccepiKfC, qepe3 KOToporo nana i noCJiaB ii, He ni.nMoBJI.SIIO'iM, .SIK nep-

lllOM)' i .niHcHOM}' xpMcTMSIHMHf. To.ni noMep Me'iMCJiaB, .RK JaJIMlllHB no co6i y TioJihll.{i 'iHMaJIO no60)I(HMX cnpan .nJISI nolllHpeHHSI xpMCTH.JIHChKO'i nipw, a KopoJiiBCTBO JaJIMlllMB CMHOBi EoneCJiasy Xopo6poM)'.

EOJIECJIAB

X 0 P 0 E P I1

.....,

nepiiiHI1 llOJibCbKI1M KOpOJib

5l nepe.Miz, J 1@ponow 8JJL6 'tecbl(j 1\painu, ffw6uf3 niiJ c6010 8;woy .Mopaf3aH ma Ca1(fOHCb1(Jl:( CUHi8, ?(awy6i6 i muitJ UJ,O JICuBymb nonaJ Awpe.M,

KH:HrA I npyccifJ ma pycv, 1(9mpi Jrtawmb cfJ010 oci6Hy fJipy. no3ua't.ufJ 1(9poouu, nocmafJuButu .M.ap.M.ypofJi cmofJnu, CfJoe i.M Jr. Jllyrz:.ufJ J npanopa.Mu .9lll1(wa. '1J6aw"lu npo pu1J,apct,-l(j ma 8iucv1(98i cnpafJu, :J{e no1(uoa6 iJy~ofJuu~perz:.eu. II (c. 29} 'Bw i.Mnepamopa OmmoHa iJicmafJ iJopozuu 1(!LeuuoiJ, r.BUUluyfJafJ iiozo Ji cfJof~ iJocmarm(jfJ. 9Ifu, rz:.umarz:.y, ma1(9:HC y cfJoi~ lYluu1<fl-~ my1(au ma1(9i :HC cnpafJu, 5l1(UJ,O ~orz:.em 3 "lecmw goo6ymu 6e3c.Mepmuy CJLaBy.

PoKy Bi;J; Pia,z:t;Ba rocno,z:t;a XpHcTa 999 boJiecJiaB Xopo6p11:i1, €,[(HHHM CHH MeqHCJiaBa Ta :i:ioro .npy:>KHHH ,l(y6poBKH, 6YB o6paHHM Ha TIOJihChKHM npeCTOJI BciMa 3BepXHHKaMM. BiH nparHYB HaCaMnepe.n nepeHeCTM 3 Ilpyccil .no IloJihll\i Tino cB.snoro Boiiuexa, .HKOro He,[(aBHO B6MJIM npyccM. Ca. Boiiuex npHHIIIOB y IloJibiizy 3 YropmMHI1, a 3 IloJibll\i- ,li.O

n pyccii' nponoai.uyioqH M HaBqaiQqll

xp11CT11.HHCbKOI aip11. BiH nepenpaBHBC.H qepe3 piqKy Ocy, KOTpa Teqe Ja fpy.[(3bOH3eM, M niiiiOB .QaJii ,2:{0 .H311liHHKiB, .HKi BIIIaHOBYBaJII1 COHI.'(e, JiiCI1, 3Mii1, 3Bipis i 6y.nh-mo. I KOJII1 cs. BoM:uex.noso.nHB IM, moue Hi.HKi He ca.HTI1Hi, a TiJibKI1 TBOpiHH.H DO:>Ki, BOHI1 KI1HYJI11C.H Ha HbOrO M y6HJII1 Ha 6epe3i MOp.H no6JIH3Y MicTeqKa Beiiiayc . .H311qHHKH noCJiaJIH .n;o KopoJI.H EoJieCJiaBa 3 TaKHMM CJIOBaMM: «MI1 B611JII1 11 3aKonaJII1 TBoro Bora, a TH He oTp11Ma€III :i1oro Bi.n: Hac, ,[(OKH He .nacu cTinhKH JOJIOTa, cKinhKM BiH BruK11Tb». KopoJih EoJieCJiaB .n;icTaB ,li;OCTaTHbO CKap6iB ,li;JI.H BMKfny Tina CB.HTOrO. A KOJ111l.'(e Tina 3Ba)f(}'BaJII1, TO BOHO 3 EoJKoi BOJii He Ba.JKI1JIO aHicKiJihKI1. TiJio 6yJio npHBe3eHe HacaMnepe.n; .n;o TmeMeiiiHa, (.n;o) MOHaCT11p.H, a noTiM ,[(0 rH€3Ha; 6in.H rpo6HI1Qi CB.HTOrO Bi.n;6yaaJIHC.H 3HaqHi qy.neca, a Ti, KOTpi npMXO,li;HJIH ,li;O HbOrO, CTaBaJIH J.nopoBHMH. B ue:i1 qac xpMCTH.HHCbKHM iMnepaTop OrroH TpeTiH , noqyBIIIH npo ui qy.neca ca. Bo:i1:uexa, nil( qac CBOEI xaopo611 .u.aB o6iTHMIJ;IO Bi.U.Bi.naTH :ue Micn;e. KoJII1 BiH np11lxas .no Ilo3HaHi, TO MOMf Ha3ycTpiq Ha 3HaK noBarH BHixaB .u.ocHTb ll11IIIHO EoJiecJiaB, i BOHH pa30M MIIIJII1 ciM MI1Jib niiiiKH Bi,n Il03HaHi

3.)1(

,li.O rH€3Ha, CTeJI.HqH no .nopo3i pi3HI1M O,li..Hr. KoJIH

iMnepaTop npMHIIIOB ,li.O KOCThOJIY, TO BnaB nepe,n rpo6HMI.'(el0 CB. Boiin;exa

!llftllo

c8smwzo 'BoiiiJ£:ta

nepeH.tUIW J !!Tpyccii iJo !TH£JHD. l.Mrupamop OmmoH

IJH.acJ1iiJ01(

6UJ8Wy8aHH.R zpo6y cB. 'BoiJ~a oiJyxye

i1 .u.oBro JieJKaB. IlpOT.HrOM KiJihKOX .U.HiB BiH 6yB npeKpacHo npHMH.HTHM 3 BeJIHKHMH noqecT.HMH KopoJieM EoJiecJiaBoM, a focno,nb Eor TaM IKe noBepHya HOMf J,nopoB' .H. IloTiM iMnepaTop, naM'.HTa10q11 .u.o6po.u.iiicTBa KopoJI.H EoJieCJiaBa, KOpOH}'BaB MOrO Ha flOJibCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO TaM JKe, y KOCTbOJii, B npMcyTHOCTi rH€3HeHChKOro apxiEnHcKona fay,neH:uiyca, KoTpHii iioro if noMa3aB Ha npecToJI. IMnepaTop 3BinhHHB TO.U.i EoJieCJiaBa si.u. yc.HKHX noBHHHOCTeii II..(O,li.O ,ll.aHHHH

H ni.MaHCTBa,

.HKi HaJieJKaJIH pMMCbKHM iMnepaTopaM i .HKi

paHime Bci XpHCTH.HHChKi KOpOJii Ta KH.H3i ,ll.aBaJIH iMnepaTopoBi. 3 TOrO qacy llOJibCbKi KOpOJii BiJihHi Bi,ll. QbOrO ni,ll.,ll.aHCTBa. floTiM, KOJIH BOHH po3'iJK,li.IKaJI.HC.H, TO 8 iM'.H 3MiQHeHH.H np11S13Hi MilK HHMH iMnepaTop ,naB HOBOMf

l.Mrupamop OmmoH J(JipoHye J(JipOM

'EouCJI.ll8a

KHHrA I %C1m8tp· Koponeni EoneCJiany cnHc ca. MaepuQi.H i rei3~oK ei~ xpecTa rocno~Hboro. ihfctHH.Il

npu.RJHi A Koponh Bonecnae / / (c. 30) ~as iMnepaTopy Orro"Y paMeHo ca. BoHQeV.nepamopa xa, KOTpe noKJiaB y PMMi B KOCTbOJii ca. Bap<PonoMiR. KpiM Toro, BOHH no-

nana.ce.~

l(pp011t.M

po~u'IanHcb, 6o iMnepaTop BMOBHB cso10 WieMiHHHQIO Ha uMeHH.H PuwKa

(Ryszkt(), ~oqeypycbKoro soeso~M, s~aTHC.H 3aKoponH Bonec.nana. Koponb Bonecnas 3 seJIHKOIO nonaro10 nposis iMnepaTopa 3 rHe3Ha a)l( ~o Kop~o· Hy. Konu Koponh nosepHysc.H ~o fHE3Ha, TO yKJiae nepeMHp'H 3 pychKHM KH.H3eM, ll0Tf)I(H0 Mll{aCJIHBO npaBMB noJibCbKMM KoponiBCTBOM, 6ye ~e soi1oBHH'1MM. 3i ll{aCT.HM Mapca BiH npM6opKaB ycix npuKop~oHHHX soporia i Hana~aB Ha IXHi ~ep:>KaBM; :>KO~eH 3 HHX He 6ys TaKHM MOryTHiM, ll{06 B'1HHHTH :HoMy ~ocTaTHiH onip. BiH po3noqaa si:HHy npoTH qechKOro Kopon.H Eonecnasa, caoro ~BoiOpi.u.Horo 6paTa no MaTepi, i po36HB :Horo TaK, 11{0 TOM BTiK Ha BHlllerpa.u. i3 CHHOM .HpOMMpOM. KopOJib B3.HB npary, o6no:>KHB B1uuerpa.u. i B3.HB :Hero, a KoponR Eonec.naea i3 CHHOM .HpoMupoM cxonHB. Ha npoxaHH.H saplllaBI..\iB BiH 3Benis BMKOJIOTH HOM)' oqi, a CHHa KHHYB y e'.H3HHI..\IO, 3aJIMWHBWH :Horo saplllaBI..\HM. Qei1: Koponh B3.HB 6araTo 3aMKiB y Mopasil, qexil, npyccii i B IloMopcbKiH 3eMJii, '111MaJIO JIIO.U.eH Ta 3.ZJ.06H'1i 3arHas .u.o lloJih~i. IloTiM Ha npoxaHH.H pycbKoro KHH3.H Cs.HTononKa, KOTporo 6paT .HpocJiaB BIUHaB 3 KHEBa, BiH 3i6paB BiHCbKO npOTH .HpoCJiaBa i1: nepenpasMBC.H qepe3 Eyr. 3iTKHYBCH 3 .HpocnasoM i1 ~omeHry po36Hs i1oro i TY pych, nOJIOBI..\iB Ta net.IeHiria, KOTpi 6yn11 npH :Horo 6ol.\i, a .Hpocnas YTiK Ha 03epa. Koponh pymHB .u.o K11esa i 3~o6ys i1oro BHacni.u.oK 06JIOrH. flpM s'iJ.u.i ~0 MiCTa BiH B.ZJ.apHB Met.IeM no BOpOTaX, HKi BOHH 3Ba3oJZomi Bopoma

JIH 30JIOTHMM, i1: npopy6as ix a)l{ ~o nonoBHHH Ha siqHY naM'.HTb. BiH B3JIB

y ?(ue6i TaM se;nmi cKap6H, ~o~eHry 3PYHHYBaB Kula, KoTpHi1: TO.U.i 6ye J6y~osaHHM senHKHM KOIJlTOM. CaMMX u.epKoB 6yno To~i y K11eni TpHcTa, BOHM 6ym1 36y-

t\OBaHi 3 BeJIHKHM XHCTOM i 3a 3Ha'1Hi KOlliTH . KOJIH KOpOJib llOBepTaBC.H )J.O flOJibll{i, TO JlpocJiaB XOTiB i1:oro 3HHI.l.(HTM 3pa.ZJ.OIO B )J.HKMX MiCI..\SIX Ha UJJI.Hxy, ane OuryKaBCH, 6o Koponh 3anqacHo npo 1..\e .u.oni]:\aBc.H Ta ixae TaM 36poi1HO. BiH pa3, n.u.pyre i1 nTpeTE po36HB .H pocnana, i TOM spelliTi nonpocHB Mupy. Koponb 3acnoKolncH 3 pycc10 i1 po3Me)l{ysan 3 HHMH KOpt\OHH no ,li,HicTep. IloTiM niH XOJ:\HB noxo.u.aMJ1 Ha IlpycciJO, C aKCOHChKY JeMJilO, Ha llOMOpHH; 0]:\HMX CHJIOIO, iHWI1X qepe3 J:\06poBiJibHC ni)JJI.aHCTBO np11€)J,HaB )J.O ce6e i nocTaBHB Kop.zr.oHH 3 HHMM no pi4L(i Enb6i, a6o )I( Jla6i, a)l{ .no 3aJZiJHi l(fJpJoHu qfoJZbUji

HiMel.\hKOro MOpH, mwnaBlliM TaM Ha Bi\IHY naM'.HTb 3ani:mi cToBnM. TaK CaMO B'lll1HJ1B 3 pycc10, nposiBilll1 KOp)J.OHM no pit.IKY ,[(HiCTep. 3 KO:>KHMM cyci)J.OM BiH nOBO)J.I1BCH JiaCKaBO, 60 3HaB, ll\0 3i CJIOB' HHCbKJ1MJ1 l<HH3HMJ1 BiH 3aO)J.HO. AJie npycciB He nepecTaB BOlOBaTJ1 )J.OTH, )J.OKJ1 BOHM He ni)J.)J.aJll1C.H i1oMy. CTapi npycc11 ni)J.JJ.aJIH MOMY ni)J.)J.aHCTBO i1 nnanvm .n.aHHHY TaK caMo, HK iHllli niMaHi. TaM TaKo:>K nocepe)J. pi\IKI1 Occ11 nocTaBHB 3a.Jii3Horo npMKOpJJ.OHHoro CTonna I I (c. 31) a:>K .no MOpH, HKe 3BeMo Balteum, OT)Ke, Man nenHi Kop.n.oHH Ha cxo.u.i, 3axo)J.i i1 Ha niBHO\Ii. Ilic;ur unx nenHKHx Tpy.u.in, KOTpi 3)J.ii1cHHB L\CH CJiaBHOI naM' wri Koponb EoneCJias Xopo6pHHl3HacniJlOK BCJIMKOi cnoEi yaan1 .u.o pHu,apcbKHX cnpan, niH Jaxnopia,

KHMrA I a 3a KillbKa Micsm.ia noMep, MaiO~uf 58 poKiB. Ue CTaJJocn JJ.HH 3 KBiTHH poKY 1025. BiH npaBHB 25 poKiB. EoneCJJaB 6yn noxoaaHHH nocepe.U.HHi ryMcbKoro KOCTbOJIY B 003HaHi. Oepe.a. HOrO CMepTIO 6yna BellHKa KOMeTa, KOTpa 3HaMeHynMa Te, ~0 no HbOMY 6y.u.e BeJIHKa 6i.u.a Ha nollh~y. ~0 H CTaJJ001, RK npo ue 6y.u.e cKa3aHo HlUKl.Je. Ueif 6yn HalliMM HaiinepmMM KopoHoaaHMM JTOJihChKHM KOpOJJeM, MaB WJlSIXeTHe HapO)].)KeHHSI, He3BHl.JaHHi 3BI1'·I al, JTOCTiHHiCTh Ta CMiJIHBiCTh; ~0 TOrO )((niH 6ya JlaCKaBMM, BipHHM, eHeprii1HHM, MY.API-IM, noMipKoaaHMM y I)((i Ta nHTTi, rHiBi i1 ycix npoRnax, He 3ai1MaBCSI nopo)((HiMM pel.laMM. Bee)(( aeJIMKe ~aCTSI y KO)((Hiii cnpaai .u.aaaa :HoMy focno.a.h Eor. I 006 poKY BiH 3acHyaaa MOHaCTHP Cn. XpecTa Ha JlHci:H ropi i1 .u.as HOMY 'l(Jl.Jlmmop C8. Xpecma neJIHKi nomepTnH. l.Jac i MiCI.J;e ~n UhOro MoHaCTHpn sin no6a~um, KOJIH pa30M 3 EMepHKOM, CHHOM yropcbKoro KoponR CTe<PaHa, noJIIOBaB y TaMTenmiii nyl.ll;i. BiH me 1010 poKy 3aCHYBaB i ~pyrHii MOHaCTHP ca. EeHe)].HKTa y Ceuexoai Ha.D. Bicno10, a y UhOMJ iioMy noMaraa MicuesH:H 3eM'SIHHH Ceuex caoiM KJionoTaHHSIM Ta nopa,n.o10. Y ue:H l.JaC npHHWJIH )].0 ilOJihiiJ;i )].Ba CBSITHX Mymi 3 TiepeSIChKOrO (Pereaskiego) MoHaCTHpR EeHe)].HKT Ta IoaHH, l.ll;06 Bl.JHTH xpHcTHSIHChKOi aip11 Heo<PiTiB . .no HHX npHCTaJ111 l.JOT11p11 JTOJISIKH, JIKi )((11JII1 pa30M y ny~i no6JIH3Y Ka3HMHpa y BeJIHKi:H TioJih~i. TaM ix a6HJIH po36i:HHI1KI1, CllO.z:tiBaiOl.JHCh 3HaHTH y HI1X SIKiCb CKap611, 60 KOpOJib ~aB IM 30JIOTHM KJieHHO.z:t ~JUI 3~06YTTSI npoaiaHry; BOHH ,ltOBrO He XOTiJII1 HOrO 6paTH M, Ma6yTb, JTOCJiaJII1 MOrO KOpOJIIO ):(0 fH€3Ha, Ka)((yl.JH, ~0 USI piq noTpi6Hima MOM)'. KopoJih Eonecnan HaKa3aB wyKaTH y Jiici QHX 3JIO~ila, i ix cxonHJIH. BoHI1 xo~HJIH 3 oroJieHHMH Me'tJaMI1, a cni1HH IM nocoxJII1, 60 He MOrJII1 CXOBaTH Me'tJiB. AJie HK TiJibKH BOHI1 npHHWJII1,ltO MOrHJI QHX s611THX nycTeJibHI1KiB, To o.[{pa3y )(( CTaJIH 3.[{oposi1MI1 i1: cnoKyrysaJII1 3a CBiH 3JI11H B'tii1HOK. TiJia UHX CBSITI1X 6yno noxoaaHO y fH€3Hi y 1005 poui.

,lJ;PYfHH 'Bupooo~ nycmuu nWt~ go6ci.M. ue 6oii.o6H.uttuu,

9vfapHompamezJb, 6a6iu, Ja6JICiJu uenocmiuH.uiL cOo~ cnpa6a;c Hi1(1eMH.UU, noBin.bH.UU, .fl.inu6uu, 3o6ci.M. neiJo6poJuMufJuu oo no.fl.bCb1(9ZO napoay. :rli.M.tj,R.M 6u nonyc1@6, o Jl1( 6pa:HCeH.a 6yJta moUi 'Bw inoJe.MtJ,i61(9.fl.umM JH.a'lH.a XPpoH.a !f[o.fl.t?CbKfl. II (c. 32} 'Eo ue paJ Ul1(9Uu OW nu~ 6imttUJH.a gaJH.Ma, CmapanM 'Eo.fl.ec.Jla6a moiJi ntnMu z.uH.ymu. !Jiomi.M pog6u6 napa.nitt fJ,bOZO 1(9po1U1- i ga6pa6 J tj,bOZO c8imy, Yl. 3 1(!Jpo.!l.i6cm6a 6y.!l.a fJuz.H.ana Pu1(fa, uozo QpyJICuH.a. C1t.llatt-yKnu 3a c601o J.!l.icmo, tJ,eit zune J UUl./lt.ncm6a, Yl. ~ J J~Ca.nw: npo o6ol( itoe noz.aHa Clla6a.

KllllrA I

PoKy Bi)l; Pi3,zJ;Ba rocno,n;a XpncTa 1025 MElliKO ,llpynu16ys o6paHHi1 y llo3HaHi Ha KopoJiiBCTBO lloJihChKe no cMepTi 6aTbKa. TaM )l(e rHE3HeHChKHi1 apxiEnHCKon InnoJiiT KoposysaB i1oro i3 .n:py)I(HHOIO PMKCOIO. I.J;ei1 MElliKO .n;aJieKo Bi,n:crynHB Bi,LJ; 6aTbKiBCbKHX 3BW.JaiB, OCKiJihKH 6yB JiiHHBMM, He,n:6aJIHM i 6i.nbwe c.nyxas CBO€IP.P}')KMHM i 1.JMHMB no ii BOlli, aHi)l( 3a,lVIH Peqi nocnOJIMTOi. I.J;e no6a'liMB qechKm1 KHR3b EpeTMCJiaB, CHH OJib.D.pHxiB, Hapo.lJ.)I(eHHi1 si.n: ceJIRHChKOi .n:iBKM (z kmiecej dziewki), i, npan-Iy'n1 nOMCTMTHCR 3a csoro .n,i,n:a, KOTporo B lloJibi.I.(i ocJiin.l1JIH, J.n,o6ysas 3aMKH B t.Iexil i Mopasii /I (c. 33), TaKO:>K MicTa, 6araThOX llOJIRKiB nOB6HBaB, naplliaBL\iB (warszowce), KOTpi 3 'l:lexii ,LJ;O llOJih~i nOBTiKaJIH, 3aMYtiHB i )1(1181\eM o6i_npaB 3 HHX lliKipH. l.Jepe3 Qe 6araTo KpaiH y CiJie3i1 i HiMe'll'liMHi si,n:nano si.n. lloJib~i. TaKO:>K B Mopasil, Pyci Ta npyccil. OoJIRKM cnpMi1MaJIM u;e 3i CMYTKOM, B:>Ke He MaJIH .no KopoJIR )I(O.lJ.HOI CMMnaTii i Mai1:>Ke sci i1oro noKMHYJIM. KopoJib :>Ke, no6atiMBUIM u.e, snaB y maJI i HeMiq. BiH noMep y MiCRQi 6epe3Hi 1034 poKy i 6ys noxonaHMiil y lloJHaHi. 3 1\bOro qacy si.n. OoJib~i si,n:naJIH TaKi KpaiHH: Mano He BCR MopasiR i sci (3eMJii i1 Hapo,n:H), RKi Jie:>KaTb Ha TOMY 6ol\i piKM E.nb6H a:>K .uo HiMeQbKOro MOp.H, T06To Kamy6M, cop611, caKCOHQi i1 MopcbKi OCTpOBM. lloMopnH niH IIOKapas 3aB,l\.HKM EeJii, KOTpoMy .z:\Opy~mB 3aHManiC.H nii1ChKOBMMM cnpasaMM. llicJI.H CMepTi MEwKa 3aJinlllMBCSI lioro CMH KaJMMMp, i o.n.pa3y )I< y KopoHi po3nO'.JaJIIJCR yco6uQi, ocKiJibKM noJIRKH, 3i6paBlliH cei1M y ll03HaHi ,n:JISI o6paHHH KOpOJISI, He MOrJIH 1101'0.lJ.l1T.HCH Mi)l( co601o. 0AHi 3 HMX xoTiJIM KaJMMHpa, nma MElllKa, iHiui - He xoTiJIM, Ka:>Ky•-m, mo siH 6y.n:e iiiTM lliJHIXOM 6aToKa Ta MaTepi, 1.1\0 niH E u~e JaMono,n:HM. O.n.HaK Koponeaa PMKCa 6yna BHrHaHa 3 KoponeBI1tieM, 6o noHa He crrpnSIJia noJISIKaM i He .n:ana.Jia IM ypRJJ.in, a TiJihKM HiMQSIM. Bo1-1a IK, Ha6pasmn SIKO-

KHMrA I MOra 6iJibllle CKap6iB, Ta€MHO BMIXaJia

CMHOM ,AO iMnepaTopa feHpixa,

KoTpHii TenJio il npHiiH.HB i nocJias II CMHa B'liHTHC.H ,AO hanil. L(eii )Ke TaM npHitH.HB 'llepHe'liHH nOCTpHr B I<JIIOHiMCbKOMy

(Kiuniackiego)

KJI.HlllTOpi.

TioJI.HKH 6eJ naHa 6yJIH .HK Ja6JiyKani siBL\i i He 3HaJIH, mo ,Aani po611T11, 6o He MorJIH .AiHTM Jro,AM y s116opi naHa. THM 'llacoM 'llexH JHosy Ji6pan11c.H

'Xopollb 'X_aJu.Mup nocmpuUJL {(} UH!Jif

6 '}(Ji 101tiU·

BOIOBaJIM CKpi3b y BeJIHKiH IlOJibi.I.J;i, norpa6ysanH KOCTbOJI B fH€3Hi; nH-

CI>I(()My

IllYTh, l.l\0 3Bi,ATM BHHeCJIH CKap6is Ha 'liOTHpHCTa THC.SJq (3JIOTHX). 0T)Ke,

1(/IJIIUtnOpi

nOJI.HKH si.AnpasHJIH nocJiis 3 seJIHKHMH ,AapaMH no KoponenHqa, csoro .Ai.AH'lla.

y KniOHiiichKOMY KJI.HIIITOpi BOHH .AOBi.AaJIHCh, mo niH y)Ke € .AH-

.HKOHOM, i He MOfJIH BOHH ,A06MTHCb Bi,A KJIIOHiHCbKOfO a6aTa, l.l\06 BiH HOfO BMnycTHB 3 MOHaCTHp.n . To.ll.i som1 nolxan11 3 seJIHKHMH ,AapaMH ,AO nan11 oeHe.AHKTa ,ll,es '.HToro, KOTpHi::i, JMHJiysasUIHCh Ha,A HHMH, ,Aas iM HaJie)KHHH .AOJBiJI, ane HaKJian Ha scix nomiKiB noKyry Ja l\IO nposHHy: Ja Te, mo BOHM CBOfO npHpO.AHOfO naHa BHfHaJIH, TO KO)KeH 3 HMX MYCHB ,AaBaTH rpollli .li.O PHMY Ha ,AeHh CB.HToro IleTpa, a TaKO)K cTpHrTM

aonoccH,

mo i

HHHi €. ,lJ,o TOfO )K BOHH MYC.HTb Ha BeJIHKi CB.SITa JaB ' .HJyBaTH co6i fOJIOBH TOHKOIO xycTKOIO JaMiCTb

stuly.

IlocJIH 3 l\MM norO,AHJIHC.H i1 noixa.nH ,AO

.K.n:IOHi 3 JIHCTaMH nan11, BJ.HJIH KaJHMHpa 3 KJI.HliiTopy, KOTpHi1, npHixasWH )1.0 Ilonhmi, 6ys np11i1H.HTHH BciMa 3 pa.AiCTIO. BiH 6ys neplliHM noJibCbKMM KOpOJib, .HKHM JHaB JiaTHHCbKe nHCbMO.

KA311MI1P

(c.

34)

TIEPili11H

XflJu.Mup, Outt1.51., J Jrtamip 'w upeJ iiJllicmo 9-fa 7-!J:HCUH!J J 8im7-UJHU iiiJe He8uHHu.M. 06pa8utu co6i TUJcmpuz, 8oJliiJ :HCumu y .Mo1111Cmupi 6 Xfl10Hi,

fi{ezy flO·

zpa£y8Mu !TH£JHt.HCir

I(UU 1(9CmbOil

KHHrA I 'Y'.Eo~o.My aiJopi, 'Hbfc y 1(opo.!ti8Cb1(9My,

1J t;eil 'UlC 9TollbUJCl 6eg 1Ul1ia gaJ1-lae tupago1(J yc~ 601QB, li Je.M.!l10 (o ttt.m~ei(Jlu ~a.n.z,!) tJ1tO ~ou, ttUJu i tt.!l101U}pye. 9Io1Jepma10Tnb IJmil(flw Ha npecttUJJl, lJ,eU31Ce :Jiece 6amz,1(jlJuj,uui zu.M.a./l.y paiJicmr,, a muM. wco.M !Mac.Jla8a, .ni(Jlii numic piz c8ii1 y Duympituuiil.MiJicyco6ut;i, 9Ipu6op1(a8, IJzuuuiJ .Mup Ha aolkuu 'UU. 3 JjbOZO 1(£J31Ce1l ao6pe 6azumb, ~ 'Eoz 1Jce.Mozytnniu

g[W1npu.M-ye miJunuozo, o6epmae c.Mymo1(Ha paaicmb. II (c. 35) PoKy Bi~ Pi3~Ba rocrro~Hboro 1042 Ka3liMMp IlepiiUiH, KOTporo B3.SIJIH. 3 MOHaCTMpH, 6yn KopoHOBaHHH y fH€3Hi Ha flOJibCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO Ti€10 KQpOHOIO, KOTPY npHni3 i3 co6mo. MaTip, 3a6MpaiO"tUf iforo 3 co6mo Ha qyJKMHy, 3axonHJia KopoJiincbKY KopoHy i cso10. To.n.i ifoMy ,n,aJIH 3a .n.py:JKHHY Mapi10, cecTpy pycbKoro KHH3H .HpoCJiasa, ,n,oqey BoJIO.U.HMHpa, 3a HKOIO niH BJHB neJIHKMH nocar. A niH nosepHfB .HpocJiasy, csOEM)' msarpy, sci 3aMKH, HKi 6ys 3a6pas y Pyci i1oro .n.i.n., EoJiecJias Xopo6p11i1. Horo .n.pyJKMHa Mapi.H noKMHyJia rpeU:bKY sipy i 3Hony oxpecTHJiacH y KpaKosi, B3.HJia co6i iM'.H ,l(o6porHeBa, llOTiM 6yJia KOpOHOBaHa y fH€3Hi. KaaHMMp, CTanwM .n.o6pMM KoponeM, ,n,yMan npo Te, HK M)'.n.po if eHepriifHo Mir 611 naHyBaTH Ha.n. csOIMH ni.n..n.aHHMH i a6epiraTH MHp. HacaMnepe.n. BiH CXOllMB BHyTpilllHiX 6fHTiBHMKiB i 3HM~MB IX 3 HaJIC)KHMMM M)'KaMli, TaKoJK i TMX, KOTpi 6yJIM si.n.crynHHKaMH KoponiBCTBa. BiH npoc11s npo .n.onoMory npoTH qecbKOro KopoJI.H EpeTHCJiana. lMnepaTop noCJiaB .n.o EpeTMCJiasa, mo6 niH nonepHyn .n.o TioJibW.i peqi, HKi siH 3a6pan 3 rHE3HeHcbKoro KOCTbOJIY, ane EpeTMCJias HaCMiHBC.H a ~boro. lMnepaTop nocnas npoTH HbOrO CBO€ BiHCbKO, HKe qexM po36Hllli llOMi)K ropaMH B Jiici. 0.n.HaK iMnepaTop noTiM 3MYCHB EpeTMCJiasa ni.n..n.aTMCH HOM)'. 3 iHWMX 6oKis KOpoJiiBCTBa KaaHMHp aa6eaneqeHHH MHpoM, TiJihKH nHpsasc.H npoTH Hhoro 'l(aJu.Mup Ma3one~hKHH KHH3b MacJian 3 npyccaMH Ta 3 neqeHiraMM. Ka3HMHP 3i6paspoJ6u6 i npu6op1(a6 CH npOTH HbOrO 3 pycciO, HiMI.:(.HMM i llOJI.SIKaMH, 3iTKH}'lll1CH 06H,n,Ba BiHCbKa 9tfac.JUJIJa Ha,n, Bicnoro no6JIH3Y IlnOI.:(bKa, i 6i1'1 Tp11nas .n.onro. BpelllTi Macnasa 6yno ma npyccifJ .n.ow.eHTY poa6HTO, TaK mo niH Jie.n.se BTiK. T aK IlJioi.:(I>Ka aeMJI.H npm1wna 9tfaJo6Ul .n.o IloJibCI>Koro KoponincTna. 3 ~boro qacy ~ei1 Kpail HaanaHo MaaosiEIO HaJfJaHa si.n. MacJiana, KOTpMil 6yn cTapaHHHM, )I(OpcTOKHH i He .l\OTp.wMysan csofJiiJ 9tfacJia6a ro cnosa. B.n.pyre ai6pasc.s~ Macnas Ha KopoJI.H 3 U:HM )l(e siiicbKOM. Ka3HMHP cno"LiaTKY ~e~o ni)l.ynas .n.yxoM, 6o He Mir MaTH TaK 6araTo niM:cbKa J HiMetitiHHH Ta 3 Pyci, o.n.HaK i THM niM:cbKOM, .HKe Mas npH co6i, asa)I(HB9tfIUJialJa C.H BHCT)'ITMTH npoTH Macnasa. BiH .l(OIIJ.CHTY po36Ms niiiChKO Macnasa TaK, no6icUAu a)l( MacnaB BTiK .n.o IT pyccil, .n.e M:oro npycc11 3aKaTyna.nH i spewTi nosicHJIH, Ka)l(yqH: «I1parHyB ,li,OCHrTH BMCOKOrO MiCQ.H, TO 6y,n,b )l(e BHCOKO». Ka3HMHP )l(e Mas npOT.HrOM Tp11nanoro qacy MHp, a noTiM noMep y 1058 po~i i 6ys noxosaHJAM y TioaHaHi, 3a.JII1llli1Bllll1 no co6i Tpbox niH is:

KHMfA I EoJiecJiana cTapmoro, BJia,u.ncJiana i M€UIKa, TaKo:>K ,u.ot.my CsaToxHy. M€wKo Hen,u.os3i nic11.a ~boro noMep. QeH Ka3HMHP 3aCH)'DaB KJIHWTop Ha THHld, Qboro :>K op.u.eH}' cs. EeHe,U.HKTa, B KoTpHi1 scrynHB y KnroHi; .u.as HOM}' cTo ciJI. Y ~hOM}' MOHaCTHpi nepum:M ?(a.Ju.Mup a6aTOM 6ys ApoH, po,u.oM i3 <l>paHQii, DHCOKoocsii.JeHa JIIO.U.HHa. 3as,u.HKH Jamy8a6 !l!TuHeljbl(~i1 l(!lflrumop QbOMY ApoH}' I I (c. 36) KO)KeH TMHeQbKMii a6aT € KpaKiBCbKMM KaHOHiKOM. .ZJ.pyrHH TaKHH )Ke KJIHWTop niH 3acHysas Ha,n: piKoro O,u.poro, B CiJJe3ii, B Jho6ywi (Lubuszu); 3acHyBaB QeH no60)KHI1H I<OpOJJb TaKO)K 6araTO iHWI1X KOCTbOJiiB y KopoHi lloJibCbKii1, 3a ~o xaH Ma€ sit.IHM:H cnoKii1 y He6ecHoMy QapCTBl.

EOJIECJIAB

C M I JI 11 B 11

?jeu 'EoJlecJlafJ 6y8 fJouofh.tu"tuu ma c.M:iAufJuu, .9L!le u y 6e36oJfCnu~ cnpafJ~ 6y8 OyJfCe JY~fJMuu. 'Bin 801o8a8 Pyco i YzopUJuny, fJowfJafJ npomu "te~fJ i .M.opafJan, g[puiJymufJ i npyccb1(U~ ma no.M.opcb1(U~ 6ynmifh.tu1(j8. 'Bin CK[JiJo JMUmufJ no co6i JnaKJl J8u111.5lzu, gj[a y fJim"tUJni npoC!lafJufJcJl Jfeopcmo1(u.M mupancmfJo.M. 'Bin Jfeopcmol(p 86u8 nofloCb1(9Zo nampona, XfJmpuu iiozo fJ.M.ofJ.JLJlfJ, BWfJooJl"tu 8iO J!lozo. 'lJe OifJCJl-? I Jl1(j' J-le iJy.Maume npo ue, noJlJl1(U, .9Lihfce 8u 3naeme, u_yJ 8in no.Mcmu ue ynu1Q:ty8. 'Bee JfC numymo npo noozo, UJO, JICMiw"tu ga cfJoi zp~, :Jlo.Mep Decb 8 zop~ 6i.Mr- .MonacmupJl, cn01cymyw"tu 4:: I I (c. 3 7) PoKy Bi;::t; Pi3;::t;Ba rocno;::t;HbOro 1068 ITiCJIH cMepTi Ka311M11pa, no6omHoro i cnpase)J.JlMBOro KopoJI.a, :Horo CMH EoJieCJias, HKoro 3a CHJibHHH .zzyx npo3saJIH CMinHBHM, 3a 3ro,u.oro scix 3i:Hwos Ha KopoJiiBCbKMH npecToJI. TYT me HOM}' oroJIOCHB siHH}' qecbKH:H KHH3b BpaTHCJiaB i, 3i6paswH BiHCbKO, s.u.epc.a ,u.o Ci.n:e3ii 3aP.JIH nJIIOH,u.pysaHHH. EoJiecJiaB, no6ai.JHBWI1, I.l\0 ,u.i€TbCH, HKHanwsu,u.we 3i6pan pHQapcbKe si:HcbKO i s11ixas npoTM BpaTHCJiaBa, He raroqu qacy. BpaTHCJiaB, HK TiJibKH ,u.osi,u.ascH npo Hboro, T)'T me caM i3 copoMOM BTiK, 3aJIHWHBWH HaMeTH. A EoJiecJiaB rHaBcH 3a HHM a:>K 3a qecbKHMH Kop,u.oHaMH, CnJIIOH.U.pyBaB BCIO l.JeCbKY 3eMJIIO, a B3HBWI1 t.II1MaJIY 3.l{0611t.I, noBepH.YBCH Ha3a,n:, .l(O csoix. DoTiM, HacrynHoro poKy, EoJiecJJaB 3i6pas 6iJibwe siiichKO i 3Hosy cnniOH.l(pysas Mopasi10 i l.Jexiro. KopOJib me BpaTHCJiaB, 6oHt.II1Cb IQe 6iJib- 'EoJUCJUl8 niUI(ppu6 moi He6e3neKM, M}'CHB nepenpomysaTM iforo i nocJiaTR no.l(apyHKR Ha 3liaK npycci8 Bit.IHOrO 36epe:>KeHHH np11H3Hi. nepeMirUII1 MopaBiiO Ta qexiiO, KOpOJib i nCMUJp.RH

* ,lJ;HB. i,neHTH'lHHH Man. y KH. I

(c.

25 opHrinany).

KHHrA I BoneCJiaB o6epH)'BCSI B ~pyruii 6iK, 3Bi~KH Han~anu Ha Hboro npyccu Ta noMOpRHH. Ix EoneCJiaB OTOt.IHB 6inR piKH Occu, Haronoay po3rpoMHB i po36HB, B3RB nm CBOIO BJI~ TIOMOpCbKY 3eMJIIO Ta 6araTO iHlliHX 3aMKiB y Ilpyccii, 3M}'CHB npyccia ~o niMaHCTBa. A qe ~iRJIOCR B 1069 poqi. Mi)K THM Eena, ~~H'I YropcbKoro KoponincTBa, .HKoro enol )K BHrHaJIH 3 Yrop~HHH, BTiK .n.o KOponR EoneCJiaaa, npocRt.~H p.,onoMoru npoTH csoro 6paTa AH.n;pama, Ko$o.llec..MJ9 Tpnil iioro nporHaB 3 KoponiacTaa. To~i Eonecnaa ai6paa aiiichKO i 3 Eeno10 ,npi!JM~!JS pymHB i po36HB BiHCbKO iMnepaTopa feHpixa, 6oreMQiB i TeBTOHiB, T06TO 6~ZOf~UHi qexia Ta HiMqia, .HKi 6yn11 no cTopoHi AH.n:pama. Y qiii 6HTBi nonir i caM AH,n:pam, a Eena 3 ~onoMoroiO Eonecnaaa 3aHHjiB cso10 ~i.ZI:11t.~Hy .n.ep)f(aay. Koponh Eonecnaa noaepHyBcjl.n.o I1oJih~i i B3RB co6i Ja .n.py)KuHy cna,n.KOEMHqiO pyc&KHX KHR3iB Ha iM' R Bi3ecnaaa (Wizeslawct), a B nocary npME,nHaa .n.o $oJUCJUJ6 CBOEi ,n:ep)f(aBM ,n.eRKi KHR3iBCTBa. I1oTiM niH CHJIOIO B3.HB KHIB - CTOJIHQIO rnpi!JM~ys

8 Pyc.i aci€i PycbKOI 3eMJii i TaM 6ya 3HMJ. BiH TaK CHJibHO cTpHBO)f(HB ~HM ac10

Pyc&, ~o t.~HMaJIO KHR3ia, noqyaaiOl..JH ce6e Ha Pyci a He6eJneQi, noaTiKano ,no fpeu:il, BiMaBmH 11oMy .n.o6poain&HO sci MicTa ii MicTeqKa iJ JaMKaMM. TioTiM aiH JaxonHB cnaaHe MicTo ITepeMMWJih, CTOJIHQIO o,n.Horo 3 pyc&KMX KH}I3iBcTB, xoqa 11 He JMir To~i BJRTM tioro JaMKY 11epe3 aeJIHKf noai,n& i poJJIHTT.H ao.n:. Ane ni3Hiwe i I..(eM JaM OK MJCHB iioMy niMaTHC.H Ha neBHHX yMo-

$OJUCJ1a8 Ha '.BOJlUHi $oJUCJia8 pOJ6u6 C6P.moCJia8a 'EoMCJUJ6 cma8

po;nycHU· -cp.M

'EOJUCJ1a8 y6u6 c8. CmaHiCJia8a

'EOMCJia8 6u~a8

JMM nOI(JJTTIU

aax. I I (c. 38) I1oTiM aiH PYIIJHB 3 aiiic&KOM ,n:o Yrop~HHH, 3acnoKOIB Ta noMMpHB Ha~a,n:KiB KoponR EenH i yropc&Koro KopoJI.H CoJIOMoHa, RKi aoporyaanu Mi)f( co6o10. 3ai,n:TH aiH noaepHyacH .n:o Pyci, JaxonHB XoJIM Ta Bono,n.HMHp, cy.n.oai MicTa i3 3aMKaMH Ta npoaiHI..(ijiMM, HKi .n.o HHx HaJie)KaJIH. BpeiiJTi aiH oaono.n.ia yciEIO BoJIMHHIO. 3ai,n.TH aiH JHoay PYIIJHB npocTo Ha KHIB, .n.e Jaa.n:aa T.ff)KKOI nopa3KH KHR3IO CBRTOCJiaay, KoTpM11 3i caoiM aitic&KOM cnpo6yaaa l..JMHMTM onip, i 3MfCHB i1:oro .n:o raHe6Hol BTeqi. HacaMKiHeU:b BiH npH6opKaB Ta llOCJia6HB Bci CHJIH pycbKMX KH.si3iB, 3Hat.IHHH qac npo6ya y KH€Bi, JHit.~ea '.H aiMaBcR TinecHHM YTixaM Ta poJnycTi. BTpaTMBIIJM ciM poKiB Ha u:i aii1HH Ta cai:H KHIBCbKHM no6yT, Eonecnaa noaepHyacH ,no Don&~i. TaM aiH HaKa3aB caoiM )KOBHipaM y6MTM KpaKiBCbKOro EnMCKona ca. CTaHicnaaa, KoTpHii 1..1epe3 rpixoaHiCTb KopoJIR ai,n:MOBMB HOMY a npHqacTi. KOJIH )f( Ti He 3MOfJIM I..(bOfO Bl..JMHHTH, TO BiH caM nilliOB 3 HHMH Ha CKanKy i TaM a6HB CBHTOro CTaHicnaaa, a u:e CTanocH y 1079 pou:i. IT ana, ~oai.n:aawMcb npo ue, nocJiaB cni:H iHTep,nMKT .n.o floJih~i, 11\06 TaM Ha.n.oaro 3a6opoHHTM .n:aaaTM npw~:.~acTR. Uei::i rpix TaK apa3¥1B KopoJIH EonecJiaaa, IQO niH noixaa reTb 3 I1oJihiQi i ncTynMB .n.o o,n.Horo KJIHIIJTopy a KopMTaHCbKMX ropax no6JIH3Y BiJIJIHKY (Willaku), He oroJiomyiOt.~H HiKoMy aHi npo npo caiii CTaH, aHi npo cai:H JJioqMH, i TaM .AO cMepTi npMcJiyrosynaa aciM qeHQHM. DicJI.H iioro cMepTi 6ys JHai1:,neHMli i1oro 3anosiT, rmcam1:i1 BJiaCHopyt.I, 3 KOTporo BHTIJIHBa.JIO, IUO BiH i 6ya OOJibCbKHM KOpOJieM DOJieCJlaBOM. TaM )Ke € i1 AOHI1Hi eniTacpiR, T06To Ha.n.rpo6Huil Ham1c. IHwi aaTopH HallHCaJIM '1HMaJIO HenoTpi6HHX peqeii npo UbOI'O KOpOJI.H, p03llOBi)J.aiOl.JH, .siK iioro 3'in11 ncM a6o RK aiH sTpaTHB po3yM, YTil<mH.n.o Yrop~MHII, Yoro He MOrJio 6yTM. Yropu:i n.HcanM npo ncix yTiKaqis i ~<y.n.u 3Hat.IHimi peqi, a npo U:boro KopoJJH Hil.Joro He nHCaJJH, 6o aiH He ry.n.11 su[xas; y TaKiif

KHHrA I cwryau.il KO)f(eH IJJ.e T)'J:U1, JJ.e 6 i1oro He 3Ha.JII1. TyT .H nepe,na10 np&.-m ymeH-

'Dy.Ati(Jl

H.H Ha po3cy.n KO)f(Horo, Hexail JJ.yMa€ TaK, .HK xo'le, npo U.bOro Kopon.H, .HK

icmopw<f6 npo l(fJpoNI 'Eo!lecJta6a

r OCI10}J.b Eor 3BOJII1B f411HI1TI1, ,naBWI1 HOMY TaK 6araTO rn:acT.H i 3JJ.OpOB '.H Ta BCboro, I.JJ.O HOM)' 6yJio noTpi6Ho y pHu.apcbKMX cnpanax. )KopcTOKicTb )f(e U.bOMy KOpOJIIO npHm1CY€ KO)f(eH xpoHiCT, a.ne .HK )f(e 6e3 HeI MO)f(e o6iMTI1C.H 6y,nb-.HKI1M soi1ollHH'IMM MoHapx? Eo TaK nHwyTb: Mapc paoi6 MJ:JICU'bOMY

80i"ny. 3arraJibHI1M xapaKTep Ba)f(KO np1160pKaTI1 TOMy, XTO TaKMM ypOJJ.I1BC.H, oco6JIMBO BMCOKOM)' naH)', a.ne, 6opoHb Eo)f(e, u.e11 Janan o6epTaTM Ha ,nyxonHIIX oci6. Ane, 3 iHWOrO )f( 60KY, B 'IOMY KO)f(eH MO)f(e nepeKOHaTMC.H, OC06JIHBO .HKIUO B3.HTI1 }1.0 ysar11 BiMCbKOBi cnpaBH, TaKi '-IaCI1 BI1MaraJII1 CaMe TaKOrO Kopon.H: nicJI.H Eonecnasa Xopo6poro KopoHa TioJibCbKa JaJHana JHa'IHoro JaHena,ny, 6o Ka311M11p )f(HB He,nosro. RK611 focno,nb Eor He ,naB To,ni HaM 11oro [EoJiecJiaBa ,ll,pyroro], TO, Ma6YTb, 6ym1 6 MM y HeBoJii, a6o y apaTMCJiasu.is (Wratyslawianow), a6o y pyci, .HK HMHi BOHM y Hac, a6o B iHWMX cyci}J.Hix sono.napis, 6o TYT paHirne 6yno JHa'IHe C)'M'.HTTH. I I (c. 39)

BJIA~HCJIAB

fEPMAH

rJJin fJunpaiJu{} y 9TollbUJ,i tzu.Ma.JW no.MU!lo'C, Jpo6Jle1lUI( 6pama.M.U 'Eo npocJla8u6CJl no6o~nicmw ma .My~nicmw. 1-faca.Mnepea 6in moD'Ze u~8, npycci6, .Mopa8an aomu, '1Jo1(Jl Donu ne npuCJWlu noCJtiiJ J 8apa.Mu. g[omiM cun 36izne8 niiJust6 6ii1ny npomu HbOW MollufJ iiowl 6mpamu8mu g6poune putj,apcm6o.

KHMrA I

!JJ[u :HC, ~o 1tt.M.a.!lo ttumaem, C1(a:HCU menep c.Min.u8o, f})e mu 6attu6 6atamo cnpa6w11-u~ 6upoih(j6? 9Jfe.neum. y6u6 6ambl@, 6yO!Jttu H-apo0Jicenui11JW X].pKY (Cyrce), 9JfpoJT.c, napoihtcenui1 'Benep010, JpaiJuO 6imttUJny, Pu.M.cb1(JI.U Po.My11- y6u6 piihwzo 6pama, Xm o6uiJ6a no;wOu.nu J oiJH.ozo ./I.OJ/Ca. g][Ulb1(U me 1(a:HCymz, npo 6upoJKi6, 1ljo 6ouu 611-azoiJeucmlJywmz, y ~acmi, JVle uy z;z,o.My no.MWI.Jl,WmvcJt. .91. zyw ne 8ipumb, noiJu6ucb na me, Zf!,O iJicmafJ 36izH£6, f})ui(a£ fJ '@Wan~ npocumv .Mu.n.ocepiJJL. II (c. 40} PoKy Bi,ll, Pia~Ba rocno~a 1082 BJIMHCJiaB r epMaH CTaB nOJibCbKHM KoponeM nicJI.SI csoro 6paTa EoneCJiasa, aJie He 6yn noMa3aHHH Ha n:apcTso t.~e pe3 3JioqHH cnoro 6paTa. BiH nocnan To.n.i KpaKiBChKoro EllMCKonaJl.SIMnepTa )J.O OTU:.SI - nanH, ~06 TOH CKacynaB CBiH iHTep.zr.HKT, T06TO BeJIHKY aHa<f>eM)', Ha n:epKsy, i n:e nana Bt.IHHHB Ha npoxaHH51 o6ox. To.zr.i fepMaH o.n.PY)l(HBC.SI 310.lJ.MTOIO, .n.ot.~KOIO t.~eCbKOro Kopon.SI BpaTHCJiasa, aJie He Mas si.n. Hei .n.iTei1. To.n.i 3a nopa.n:mo €nHcKonaJ151MnepTa siH .n:as no)f(epTBY cs. Eri,n.iJO y HiMet.It.IHHi y KJI.SIIIITopi cs. EeHe.u,HKTa, mo no6nuJy piKH PoHM (Rodanu), Bi,D.JIHBWH i3 t.IHCTOrO 30JIOTa CK}'JibllyYpy )J.HTHHM, a TaKO)f( .u,asIIIH iHIIIi KJieHHO)J.H 3 nepJiiB. Y QbOM)' KJI.SilliTOpi t.~eHQi 3i CBOIM a6aTOM TBOpHJIH pi3Hi MOJIHTBH .n.o focno.n.a Eora, mo6 BiH 3BOJIHB .n.aTH Hama.n.Kis nOJibChKOM)' KOpoJIIO. A t.~epe3 o,n:Horo t.~eHQ.SI 6yJio o6' .SIBJieHo, ~o focno.n.h Eor B)f(e 3BOJIHB noTiWHTM llOJibCbKOro Kopon.SI y nOTOMCTBi. nocJIH npHixanH .u.o Kopon.SI 3 QbOro KJI.SIIIITopy i no6at.~HJIH, lQO IO.u,HTa Hapo.ZJ.viJia c11Ha 1(ocmbo/l

c8. 'EziiJi.R

Ha iiMeHH.SI EoJiecnas KpHsoycTHH, a TaK niH 6ys npo3BaHHW t.~epe3 Kpusi ycTa. T o.n.i Kopollh HaKa3as 36y.u.ysaTH ni.n. 3aMKOM y KpaKosi KOCThOJI cs. Eri-

y ?(pai(JJ8i .n.i51. BiH 3aCHYBan TaKO)l( KJI.SIIIITOp y Ivw.n.asi, 3acHYBaB .n.ononi 6araTo iHmHx KOCTbOnis Ha t.~ecTb ca. Eri.n.iR, .HI<-oT: y 36oposi, llt.~HHi, fE60JibTOBi, l..lepHixysi. BiH .n.as TaKo>K KpaKiBChKiw KaniTyni Xpo6epTchKe (Chrobertskie) ?(pJIU

8u1tUI(!I.O !JTa6iJ11tU~

rpa<f>cTso, KOTpe HHHi Ha3HBaJOTb lla6iHHHQe, ~o y CEpa.ZJ.3hKi:H 3eMni. KHR:>KHHQe npHE.U,HaB .u.o THHel.\bKOro a6aTCTBa i 6araTo iHwHx ciJI si.u..n.inHB si.n. KopoJiincTna i1 nepe.u.as .n.yxoseHCTsy. Hen.n.os3i nicJISI Qhoro IO.u,HTa noMepna, a fepMaH B351B iHmy .n.py>I<MHy, CoqlOuiiO, a6o Co<f>iro, n)J.ony no yropcbKOMY KopoJieni ConoMoHy, cecTpy iMnepaTopa feHpixa l..JeTnepToro. 3 HeiO niH Mas TPH .lJ.OHbKH. OJ~PY:>KIIB niH TaKo:>K nJieMiHHHKa Met.~Hcna na, .u.an HOM)' 3a .n.py)l(HHY €n.n.oKiiO, cecTpy KMIBCI>Koro KH51351, ane Met.~ncJiaB Hes.n.on3i nicn.SJ: IJ.bOro noMep. lloTiM Pycb Bi/\CT)'IlHJia ni.n: noCJI}'llleHcTsa llOJibCbKMX KOpOJiiB, a TaKO)I( npyco-1 Ta fiOMOp.stHI1. fepMaH 3i6pan npOTI1 HMX niH:cbKO, po36un "ix 6iJIH piKn .llpneHQii, osono.n:in JaMKOM HaKEJI, a.ne TaM t.~epe3 Heo6epe:>KHiCTb 3a3Han lllKO.lJ.I1 si.u. norHIO, 6o npyccu, npo-

KHHrA I 6panmncb,no Hux nHo'-li, 3ananHJIH Ta6ip. Ocb TaK noJUJKJ.IJ M)'CJ.IJJIJ.IJ Bil~CT)'Im Tlf. BJiiTK)' niH 3i6pancH Ha HHX 3 uii1chKOM B)Ke o6epe)J{Hirne. AJ1e npycc11 Ta noMopHHI1, He '-leKai0'-111 Hana.ny, caMi npulxaJIH 3 ~apaMM i ~o6poniJibHO ni)IJT.aJIHCH. TMM '-laCOM l.J.eCbKHi:i KH.H3b op)KenrcJiaB, CHH BpaTHCJiana, 6a~Ia "IM., ~o Koponb Man '-111M 3ai1.H.HTMOI, n.n.epc.s ~o i1oro 3eMJii Mi)K piKaMM E.nb6oiO, a6o

)I{ Ji a60Jo,

!fe.plofau

;pw£iy niiJI(9pu6 noJ,wpnu ma npycci6

Ta OJJ.epoM, '-IIIH.H'-111 nenm<y rnKoJJ.y. KopoJib fepMaH, 6y-

.D;)"-1H xnopnM, nocnan nponr Hboro KpaKiDChKOro noEno,u,y C€I.J,Exa,

I/ (c. 41)

3 KOTPIIM JJ.i.Hn MOJIOJJ.Hil Koponh Eonecnan, HKUH Man TinhKJ1 .nen' HTh poKin. EaTbKO .uonro He xoTin i1oro nocMnaTH n noxi.n:, BKaJyi0'-111 Ha i1oro IOHI1H BiK. Ta He ncnuan 6aTbKO HanecTll apryMeHTH, .HI< cnH cnylliHO niJJ.noni~an

'EoMu~a6o6a

Ha KO)I(eH 3 HI1X, Ka)l(yt.m: ~e € fOJIOBa .n.ep){<aBM, TaM KO){<eH ni)l.l.l;aHMH Bi ~qy

6 6yi1uii1

Ba€ OIJI)', i Qe ni.ZJ,HOCJ.IJTb HOfO ,I\)'X. 0CidJibKI1 KOpOJib He 3Mir HOM)' 3a6opo-

IOHocmi

nUAIJHicmr,

HI1TH Qhoro, TO Eonecnan BHixan Ha nii1Hy 3 CEQEXOM. BoHH nonoiOBaJIH MopaniiO i nosepH)'JIMC.H, TpiyM<f>yiO'-IM , 3i 3)1.0611'-1'-IIO ~o.n.oMy. To.n.i

)I{

y uii1

.lJ.I1TJ.IJHi BJ1HBI1JiaCH 3Ha'-1Ha OMJII>HicTb )' p11UapCbKI1X cnpanax, 60 niH CaM 3 iHlliMMM I3.U.11B Ha CTopo)Ky, He cnan Hi Ha 5~KI1X JJi)I(I<ax, B)KI1nan noraH)' I)f()' Ta ni1TTH, He 3HiMaB iJ ce6e 36poi )'HO'-Ii, ni1KOH)'BaB H iHllli o6os '.H3KI1 pm._\ap.H. EoJieCJiaB noceJI.Hn OOJIOHeHI1X Ha OOJibCbKiH 3eMJJi, i BOHH opan11 Ta 3acinaJII1 nycTi 3eMni. I1oTiM .no Bna,n.Hcnana npHHlliJll1 iHrni Hell.\aCJII--mi HOni1HI1, 60 OOMOp.HHM 3pa)J.OIO OBOJIO)I.iJIH Me~311)Kel..JeM Ha CaKCOHCbKOM)' KOp~OHi i Jaxoni1JII11..JI1MaJIO 3.U.06111..Ji. Mono.ZJ,I1H Koponh EoneCJiaB 3 IDial..JeM nonpoc11s 6aThKa, ll.\06 TOH ~an HOM)' JIIO~ei1 , i 3 HI1MI1 HKHaHlliBM.ZJ,llle MO)I(Ha 6yno HTM Ha 3.no6yrr.s Me~311)KeQbKoro 3aMK)'. EaThKO Bna,n.11cnan, ~11B)'I0'-111Ch i1oro TIMJibHOCTi, He3Ba)Kal01..JI1 Ha MOJIO~i JiiTa, .D,Op)''-1118 HOM}' i ~e.HKMM naHaM KOMaH.nysaT11 O)J.HI1M 3aroHOM BO.HKiB, a reTbMaHoni CEQExoni HK 3BepxH11KY HaKa3as KOMaH.zzynaTI1 ~pyr11M JaroHOM. To.ni BOHM o6JIO)KMJII1 Me)J.311)Keq i .nonro :H:oro lliT)'pM}'naJIH, Ta He MornM Hitioro HOM}' 3ano.niHTM, 6o Toi1 3aMOK CTO.Hn )' ~o6pOM)' MicQi. C€Q€X XOTiB ni.ZJ.CT)'OMTM, 6aqaqJ1, ~0 Ha HMX KM)J.aJI11 XJii60M Ta M'.HCOM, ~0 MaJIO CBi)J.'-111TI1 npo Te, ~0 B 06JIO)KeHHX 6araTO nponiaHT)'. Ali.e Eonecnan y enol 12 poKiB TaK cKaJan: «BipTe MeHi, noJa C)'MHiBOM, Ui JIIO~M He MaiOTb nponiaHT)', a TaK l..JMHHTb TiJibKM )I.JIH TOrO, ~06 no36)'TI1C.H Hac X11TpicTIO, TOM)' 3aTp11MaMMOCH lll;e». HaKa3aJII1 To.ni nocTaB11TM KiJibKa 6y.U.MHKiB KOJIO 3aMK)' i o66HT11 fOHTaMM, npMHeCTJf ).'.(epesa ,ZJ.JIH 6y.zzynaHHH, po6JIH'-111 nMfJIH~, ~0 6y~b TaM )KMTM H CTOHTH npOTHfOM BciEi 3MMM. Eal..Ja'liM ue, noMopHHH noCJiaJIM ~o KoponenH'-Ia 3 seJIHKMMM ~apaMM, ni.n.nai0'-111 MOM)' JaMOK i nee, ll.\O y HbOMY 6yno, npocH'-IM TiJibKM npo J6epe:>KeHHH iM )KMTTH. Koponem11..J npHc.HrH)'B iM TaK )''-IMHMTM i:i )''-IMH11B; sci IIIKo.ZJ.M noJIHKiB 6yJIM BMHaropo~:>KeHi JaB~.HKM 3).'.(i6HOCTHM MOJIO~oro KoponH EoneCJiana, HKMH nonepH)'BCH ~o 6aTbKa 3 neJI11KMM TpiyMcpoM. Bna.nMcJian Man TaKO)K .D.pyroro CMHa 36irHEBa, aJie He ni.n nnacHoi .n.py)KMHM. BTiM 6aTbKO si.n.nan :Horo HaBtiaTMCH .n;o HiMe'-1'-IMHM, xuo6 niH eTas ,ll;)'XOBHOIO OC060IO, a OOTiM i3 copOM)' niliiOB )' MOHacnrp. l.JeCbKMH KOpOJib BpaTMCJiaB, He 3Hai0'-111, HK 3aliiKO)J.MTI1 OOJIHKaM, pa,n.HB THM OOJI.HKaM, K01'pi1X CEQEX Bl1rHas 3a HK}'Cb npoBHH)' i KoTpi npH6ynH p.,o l.Jexii, I.Qo6 BOHH o6pa.JIM co6i iHmoro KoponH, To6To 36irHEBa 3 KnHIIITopy. IJ;i TaK i 3po6MJIH, MaiO'liH P.,O TOfO )I( )I.OOOMOf)' Bip., l..JeCbKOfO KOpOJIH Ta DOMOpBH.

'EoAec.JI~o8a

eHepziR y;iJo6ymmi

MeJJuxeoza

KHUrA I llpHMIIIOB 36irH€B i3 BeJIHKHM BiHCbKOM 11.0 KysiB, JJ.e JJ.O Hhoro npH€JJ.HaJIHCb npyccH. I I (c. 42) BoHH noqanH3a6HpaTH i1 OBOJIOJJ.iBaTH KopoJiiBCbKHMH 3eMJUIMH. flpOTM HHX KOpOJib BJia)J.HCJiaB, 6aTbKO, npHHliiOB 3 BiMCbKOM i po36HB IX Ha)J, 03epOM fOnJIO, B3HB YDOJIOH CHHa 36irH€Ba i KMH}'B JJ.O B'SI336izH£8a HH~i. O.n.HaK .Moro 6yJio BHny~eHo 3BiJJ.TH ua npoxaHHSI rHE3HeHCbKOro apcniit.MaHo xienHcKona Map~iHa Ta iHmux naHiB. BiH, noTosapuwysaBIIIH3 6paToM EoJieCJiaBoM, )KHB i3 HHM y npHS13Hi. Mi)K THM OTi llOJIOHeHi CKap)KHJIHCSI Ha reTbMaHa Ce~exa Ha cei1Mi y Bpo~asi, ~o niH noraHo cTaBHTbCH JJ.O liiJISIXTH i BCbOrO pH~apCTBa, BiJJ.6.HpaE qeCTb, MaETHOCTi, BHraHSIE 3 3eMJii, po6HTbCSI .n.pyrHM KopoJieM i see npHBJiacHIOE co6i. BJiaJJ.HCJiaB, noM' SIKWeHHM npoxaHHSIMH csoix CHHiB Ta iHmHx naHiB, BHrHaB Ceu,exa 3 3eMJii. BiH Ha neBHHH qac npH6ys JJ.O Pyci, DOTiM JJ.icTaB KOWTH y KOpOJISI i IKHB y MHJIOCTi, Me He MaB TaKOI BJia)J,H, SIK paHiliiC y KopoHi. TioTiM fepMaH DOKHH}'B n;eM csiT, 3aJIHIDHBIIIH no co6i Ha KopoJiiscTsi cuHa BoJiecJiasa KpHsoycToro.

EOJIECJIAB

KPMBOYCTHH

II (c. 43) 7jeu, Boww'Lu npomu 8opozi8 no-Boenno.M-y, r:BuzpaB n '>tmiJeCflm 6um8, i ¢opmyna 6y;w oo nvozo neJM-innow. C1\i.nv1(U 6um8, cmillb1(U :JfC .MaB i mpiyM-tjiB, CMilluBo BunuUJ,uB BopoziB nocepeo c8o~ 3 !f,b020 Bin Miz Jrtamu oocmamnbO C!la8u, 2Ijo6 ne 6y.!lo inutul( Bopozi8,

KHHrA I

?(911-u poJzpo.Mu8 neJ11-irzenne i.JvtnepamopcbK§ Biucb1(9. )/(Mb npuJBi8 iiozo oo c..Mepmi, 6o oiJH.ozo paJy i?ozo JpaiJow 8JJL8 Bopoz, 1(911-U Biu ue .Ma8 o6opouu. Xmo ~ iJ g~ o8o;r_ 6yoe 8e./l.U"lHiw:u.M? !JJ[u niiJH.ocb pu.Mcb1(j g][piy.M/Ju g[o.MneJL, a .Mu - 1ioMCM8a. 9To.MneJL1feJap nepe.Miz y c;wB-Hiu 6umBi, ~ uam 1(9po11-b 6y8 11.enepe.Mo~uuu I miJz.b1Ql paJ npozpa8 rzepeJ JL8ny JpcUJy. PoKy B~ Pi3,n;Ba rocno,n;a XpHCTa 1103 lionecnan KpunoycTHH, CHH fepMaHa, TIO CMepTi 6aTbKa 6ys o6paHHM Ha IlOJibCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO Ha pa.l(icTb npOCTOJIIO.Izy. BiH o.n.py)KHBC.H i3 36ucnanoiO, ,ZI,Ot{KOIO pychKOro KH.HJ.H Cn.HTOnonKa. IlpOTH HbOrO nOBCTaB HaCaMnepe.n; MOrO 6paT 36irH€n, KOTpHM 6yn q eHl\eM, 6o noJaJ.n.pun nna.l(i 6paTa i ni.n;6yp11n Ha Hboro qecbKOro KopoJUl Eop)KHBOR i MopaBCbKOro KH.HJR CnsrTononKa. Ane KOJIM BOHM BHIXaJIM n

none, To Mi:>K

HMMM BHHHK 3Hat{HHi1: KOHJiiKT, 60 npOCTOJIIO)J; nOBCTaB npOTH KH.H3.H

36i.zH£6 JaJapumt. upeJ 7({Jpo1!i8-

cm8o

3a Te, IUO 6e3 npMt{MHH Be,ZI,e Bii1:CbKO )1;0 BTpaT, i TaK BOHM nonepHYJIHCR ,ZI,O)J;OM}'. EoneCJiaB .n;oni.n;ancR npo 1.\e i 'IYJ' :>Ke JaB,ZI,RKM r eTbMaHY 3eniCJiany po3- 3t.lliow8 6un qeCbKOro Kopon.H Eop:>KunoR i CnSITononKa, nJ.Hn 3 nii1CbKOM neJIHK}' J.n;o- n.111onapye 6H'I. 3Hony Eonecnan oco6HcTo nucrynHn y noxi.n; Ha MopaniiO, KOTPY

!MopaBiiO ma

'l/e;d10

npORWOB, JIK XOTiB, i HlxTO He t{HHHB MOM}' onopy, 60 n epe.zy; nHM BOHH ,ZI,icraJUI cnoe ni.n. 3eniCJiana. OcTaHHbOM}' TaM ni.n.py6an11: O.ZI.HY pYK}', ane niH .f(py- 3ellicJza9 roiO n6HB cnoro nopora. To.n.i KOponh EoneCJian JBenin apo6HT.H iiOM}' Jono- MaEJO.!lomy

ry PYKY· BTpeTe Ji6pancR Eonecnan y noxi.n. Ha MopaniiO Ta l:lexiro, npar~H

P!PQJ

1ioJleCJ!a6

BTiKaqa Co6ecnana noca.n;MTM Ha l:lecLKe KoponincTno. KonH niH npoxo,[(Mn JH06y TIJIIOMp!JE no nopo:>KiH 3eMJii, TO B O)J;HiH TicHHHi Ha)J; piKOIO qexH BJiaurryBaJIH Ha HbO- '1/e;rjiO ro Jaci.n;ey i TIOry:>KHO B.n;apHJIH. EoJieCJiaB KHH}'BCJI Ha HHX, B6MB O,ll.HOrO 3 HHX nepe.n. C060IO, a .ZI.pyroro nepe,ZI, HHM 36MB 3 KOHSI iioro nmqaw.HH ,l(epCHRK, IUO ni,ZI,HeCJIO iHWHM )J;yX, i BOHH po3nOpOWHJIH qexiB. 0.f(HaK TO,[(i 6yJIH B6MTi ,[(eHKi 3 HalliHX. 3aCM}'t{eHHM 36irH€B noixaB ,[(0 npycciB Ta llOMOp.HH, KOTpHX nUr.6ypHB npoTH KoponR. EoneCJiaB, 3i6panwH niikhKO, pyrnHB,[(O Kono6:>Kera (Kolberku) npoTH noMopsiH, niH xoTiB nJ.HTM MicTo Kono6:>Ker, ane pHl\apcTBo nopa.l(HJIO MOM}' He BTpaqaTH .n;apeMHO qacy 6in.H MicT, a 6paTH nonoH. BiH TaK i Bt{HHHB Ta i3 ,[(o6poiO 3,ZI,o6uqqiQ I

(c. 44) nonepHyBCH .n;o,[(OM}'. IloTiM

:>Ke EoneCJiaB Hanan Ha IToMopcbK}' JeMJIIO, onono.n.inaroqu MicTaMH H cenaMH. Eaqaqu n;e, noMopRHH an'JI3aJI.H cnoro naHa CnRTocnana li npuneJIH lioro

11.0 HaMeTa Eonecnana, npocRt{H, mo6 niH npunHHHB t{HHHTH IM wKoey. BiH noo6i~.V~n 1.\e 3po6MTH, ane Cn.HTOCJiana

(Swiatobora) KHHfn .n;o n'.H3HHni, aHa

i:foro .n;ep:>Kany, ~o Jie:>KaJia noHa.n. MopeM, nocJian CKap6iMe:>Ka, HaKaJaBWH

ii cnycTOWHTH. To.n.i BCIO i:foro .n.ep:>Kany JaBOIOBaJIH i .nicTaJIM TaM TaKO)K neJIHK}' 3.ZI.o6Hq. ITiCJIR 1.\iei 6JIHCK}'t{Oi nepeMorH TpanHJIOC.R TaK, mo Koponh 6yn y O,[(HOfO JeM'RHHHa Ha OCBRt{eHHi KOCTbOJIY i Bi,nqynaB 3a,[(OBOJieHHJI iJ ~aC JIHBOfO ycnixy B cnpanax. CinmH Ha KOHJI i B3HBillM i3 co6o10 COTHIO KiHHMX

KHHrA I MeHmoro paHry, TaKo:>K reTbMaHa CKap6iM€)Ka, nolxanH ua nomosaHH.R. 9\ppMt> A KOJIH BOHM 6y;u1 y ,ni6ponax, TO HaTpanHJIH Ha TPH THCHtti noMopHH, 'EOAeCAa6 KOTpi ni.n.xpa.n:anHCH, mo6 Ta€MHO s6HTH reTbMaHa CKap6iM€)Ka aa Te, uto nit1 'UJC nMro8aHHJ~ niH IM nqHHHB aeJIMKY WKO.lJ.Y· Kopon& EoJiecnan aarapqaa, SIK neB, i a.n.a• ... • v .. • • HDna6HD pHB Ha HHX 31 CBOIM MaJIHM BIHCbKOM, rpOMJJ.R'tJH IXHI 3arOHM TaM 1 CSIM, no.Mop.RH i po3raHSIB IX .lJ.OTH, .D.OKH O.lJ.HH 3 p.HI.J,apiB He 3aCnOKOIB MOrO Bi.D. TaKOi Ha,nMipHOI CMiJIHBOCTi, 60 no6a'tJHB, IUO ttepe3 paHy B KOpoJiiBCbl<OfO KOHH BHJii3JJH sci "YTPOI.l..\i. A CKap6iM€)1( BTpanm TaM OKO. Kopon& nepecin Ha iHlliOfO KOH.H Ta 3 TpiyMcpOM llOBepHyBC.H ,li;O CBOIX 6eHKeryi01JMX i 3YCTpiBC.H 3 HMMH, a BOHM B)l(e IXaJIH .D.O HbOrO Ha nop.RTYHOK. TaM Bci .zr.opiKaJIH Kopomo 3a if oro Ha.D.MipHy cMiJJHBiCTb, uaBO.lJ..R'tJH piaHi np11ro.n:n. KopoJib TO.lJ.i XOTiB ITOMCTMTMCH ITOMOp.SIHaM i Ja I.J,IO 3pa.zr;y, aJJe Jl:O HbOfO npHixaB BHrHaHHM qecbKiu1 Koponb Bop)I(MBoli i 3 nnatJeM npocHB npo .zr;onoMory npoTH CB.SITOITOJIKa. nneMiHHHKa no cecTpi. BonecnaB, 6aqaqu y)l(e .n.ni niMHH, nocJiaB .n:o nOMOp.SIH reThMaHa CKap6iMe)l(a, a caM a iHlllHM BiMCbKOM B:Hpyuu:m npoT:H qexia. KoJIH )I( qexH noqyJIM npo Hboro, TO nOK:HHYJIH CB.SITOITOJIKa i nocJiaJIH .no Kopon.SI, npocSI'tJM, I.l..\06 aiH iM .nan naHOM Bop:>Kuaoa, i EonecJiaB TaK i B'IHHHB. CKap6iMe)l( ni.n:KopHB KopoHi ITOMOp.SIH, Ja BHH.SITKOM 6inorpOJJ.CbKMX MelllKaHqiB. _no QHX KOpOJib llOCJiaB ,D;Ba I.l..\:HTH, 6JiaKHTHHH Ta qepBOHMM, I.l..\06 BOHH 06paJIH co6i Kpai.I.{e: MHP 'IH siuuy. BoHH :>K npHMH.SIJIH o6H.n.sa I.l..\MTH. To.u,i KopoJib BHcTynHB npOTH HHX, B3.SIB MiCTO EiJiorpo,n:, CTpaTHB CTapiiiHX, a BeCb npOCTOJIIO.D: BHMIUOB iioMy uaaycTpiq, na,n:aiO'!H .n;o iioro uir i npoca"tJH npo MMJiiCTb SIKI.I.{O ue co6i, TO xoqa 6 ixHiM .u.py:>KMHaM Ta .u.iT.SIM. OcKiJibKH Koponb 6yn MHJIOCTHBHM, TO ace IM rrpo6a'IHB, aJie :Horo pHqapcTBO .n:y:>Ke peMcTsyaaJIO Ha HbOfO, Ka)KyqH: «He Tpe6a MHJIOCTHBOTO Ha BiHHy». IHWi )K MiCTa, 6aqaqH iioro MHnocep.u.ue Ta nacKane o6xo,n::>KeHH.SI, ,n.o6poain&HO iioMy a,n.aBaJIHCSI, .siK-oT: KaM '.siHeqb, Koniu6epr, BeniH, KononiH, qapHKOB Ta iumi noMopchKi MicTa. l..JapHKOB KopoJib ,n.as no cnoi:H: MMJIOCTi .n:i,n:Hqesi fH€BOMHpoai, KOTporo 3 yciM MOrO pOJJ.OM CaM oxpeCTMB. 3 yropCbKHM Cnicbl(fl KoponeM KaJibMaHOM (Kolomanem) I I (c. 45) niH 3iiimoac.SI y CrricbKili Jeltf..ll.ll nepe· aeMJii ni.n: 3aMKOM Jiro6osHeiO, i TaM BOHM yKJianH Mi)K co6oro Bi"4HHH MMp, i1Ul.lla iJo ')"ZOpUjUHU npMCSirHyJIH Ha Bi4Hi lJaCH ,lJ.OilOMaraTH O.U,He O.D:HOMY npOTM BOporiB. 3a,lJ,JI.SI 'J1o11 11CI11(UU ni.u,Taep.u,)l(eHH.SI npM.SIJHi BOHH nopo.u,HtJa;mc.R: CTecpaH, CHH KanbMaHa, I([Jp011b B3.SIB aa .u,py)KMHY ,IJ.O'IKY noJihCbKoro KopoJia IO.U.HTY, a y nocar aa HeiO nopoi>uw8CJJ J yzopc~>l(u.M CnichKY aeMJIIO. l.J,horo poKy DO)Koro 1108 iMnepaTop feHpix qeTnepTHif a qecbKHM KoponeM CB.stTOnonKOM pyrnHB Ha Yroplli.HHy. DoJihChKHH KopOJib pylllHB .u.o qexil, MaiO'-IH 3 co6o10 '-IeCbKHX KHHJia- BHrHaHI.\iB Eop:>KHBOH TaCo6ecnaaa, TaM po36Hn BaqKa Ta MYT11Ha, 6o ui 3aJIIUUHJIHC.SI Ha Micqi KopoJI.R. B3HBII1M 6araTo MiCT, ciJI, JIIO.ll.ei1 Ta MaiiHa, nonepH}'DCH ai a.no6H'C.J'-IIO .u.o ~o)\jiJ DoJiumi. A TaM niH aacTaB cao10 .u.py)I(HHY B)l(e noMepJIOIO. DoMopaHH )K I(Opoll.ll 'EolleCIIalJa qepea apa.u.y oxpemeHoro fuenoMupa na.RJIH YcT.R. EonecJiaB TYT )Ke 110 nOJ.t()pJIII n11cTym1B Ha BeJiiHh, )J.e 6ya fHeBOMHp, nonepe)J.y nocJiaB 3aroHu, a caM ixaa TI03a,ZJ.y, .U.yMaiO'iH, I.I.{O 36irH€B p.SITyBaTMMe MicTO. 36irH€D y.n,apHB Ha

I<HHrA I anaHrapA. He ni)l.aiO•-m npo nii1Chi<O, KoTpe HUIJIO 33a.lJ.y. KopoJih Eonecnas, np1tM'-IaBUJI1 3 sitiCbKOM, OTO'-lliB HOrO, po3rpOMIIll RiliCbKO 36i-

36izii£Ba

rH€Ba, a i1oro caMoro cxon11n (36irH€B cxonaB o6m1'-ll.I.R ni.n monoMoM).

qon.lltiiO

Koponb rpyHTOBHO )l.onin 6e3'-lecHiCTh i1oro cepQ.R Ta Bl.IHHKin, cKeponaHHx npoTH KoponiscbKHx )l.o6poAiiicTs, a noTiM BMn-Jau 3i cuo€13eMJJi. Ue B)l(e BTpeT€ TOM BTiK )1.0 l.Jexil. A KOpOJJb Qe Bl.JHHHB TOMy, ~0 pHQapCTBO XOTiJIO B)l(e iioro (36irHesa) n611TJ1. Och .RK 6araTo TPY.ll.HO~is 3a3Han qepe3 Hhoro Koponh. Al1e pHQapcTso noscTano npoTH Hhoro, BKaJyiOl.JM iioMy Ha Te, mo noraHo npo6a'-laTM soporoni. KopoJib )l(e IM Ha ue Bi.D.noBi.n:as: «He .uai1 oo)l(e, UJ,o6 .R Mas 3a6py.UHHTI1 enol PYKH Kpon'Io 6paTa». IToTiM Bonecnas ni.n:cryn11s ni.u B€niHh i 3.Uo6yn i1oro. P11uapi 3a6MJJI1 I<M€M fHEDOMMpa. 60 .ll.YMa.JIM, ~0 niH Mir 611 OAep:>KaTM DOMMJiyBaHH.R Bi)l. KOpOJI.R. MiUJ,aHM Ta iHUJi JIIO.l:(M npOCMJll1 npo MMJIOCepAH, aJJe pHQapCTBO 3HeHal{bKa

!Tne6o.M.upa Ja6umo IQJEM

KMHYJJOCSI Ha HMX i nopy6ano KO:>KHe )KMBe CTBOpiHIUI, 60 6iJibUJiCTb i3 UHX :>KMTenis 3pa.u:>KysanM Kopon.H.Tyr :>Ke iMnepaTop feHpix po3rHisasc.R Ha KOpon.R Bonecnasa 3a Te, ~o niH qacTo l.JMHHB rnKo.n:y '-leCbKOMY Kopomo Cs.HTODOJJKY. BiH 3i6pas sil1cbKO i pyrn11s 3 HMM Ha Cine3iiO npoTM .Donecnasa, MaiOl.JH 3 co601o l.JeChKoro Kopon.R Cs.RTonoJIKa, 3Ao6yn JII06yw i si.n.nas iioro Mar.ne6yp3bKOMY apxiEm1cKon osi. ITpMcrynMB noTiM .no fnorosa. 06JIO:>KeHi rJIOrOBQi B3.RJIM n'.RTb )l.HiB nepeMMp'.H, IQ06 BH3Ha'-lHTMC.R, 3)l.asaTHCb IM l.JM 6opoHMTHCb. A s 3apyl.JHMKM Ja ue BOHM AaJJM csoix CHHis. fJOCJia.JIM y QiH cnpasi )1.0 KOpOJJ.R .Bonecnasa, nMTaiO"tJM, MaiOTb BOHM 6opoHMTMC.R l.IM 3,ZJ;asaTMCH. KopoJib si.unosis IM, ~o6 BOHM 6opOHMJIMCb, 60 BCe OAHO Bi.l:( CMepTi He BTetJyTh, .RKUJ,O KaniTyJIIOIOTb. fJoqyBIIIM ue, DOHM oca,n;MJIM MYP"· .uo6pe lx 3MiQHHJIH Ta yKpinHJIH rHO€M, ,ZJ;epesoM, KaMiHH.RM, HaHicwH ue Ha <J?opTeqHi Jy6ui, 11 sHpiwHJIH 6opoHMTHC.R AO OCTaHHbOrO fiOAMXy. IMnepaTop niiiiOB Ha wrypM, a.Jie BOHM ,ZJ;a.JIM Bi,ZJ;ciq iioro siiichKy. I I (c. 46) lMnepaTop, no6aqHBWM, mo BOHH nory)I(HO 6opoH.RTbC.R, HaKa3aB iTH Ha mrypM, Be.lzytiH nonepe.ll.y CHHiB 06JIO)I(eHHX. AJie BOHH He 3BepTaJJH ysarH Ha CBOIX CHHiB i me Kpame oi,n.6MBaJJHC.R. fJOJibCbKHM Koponb Eonecnas 6ys roTOBHH p.RrysaTM csolx, O,ZJ;HaK qeKaB Ha ni,n.Mory. Y UeH tJaC BiH nporOJIOCHB: .HKIQO 3HaH,ZJ;eTbC.R TaKMH, J.QO HaBa)I(HTbC.R B6MTH Kopon.R Cs.RTononKa, TOH i 11oro Hal.Qa.AKH MaTHM)'Tb Ma€THicTh HaBil.JHO. 3HaHIIIOBC.R O.ll.MH qex 3 .UOMY Bapwosuis, .HKHH 3Has qechKHH Ta6ip. Pa3oM 3 .usoMa KiHHOTHHKaMH siH noixas ry.ll.M, eTas nepe.u KopoJiiBCbKMM HaMeTOM i KpHKH}'B CTpawHHM rOJJOCOM: «YTiKaH .HKHaMWBH)l.We, MHJIOCTHBHH KopoJIIO, 60 Ha HaC HaOaJJO BeJIHKe DOJibCbKe BiHCbKO». fJepeJI.RKaBWHCb, KOpOJib 3aKpHl.Jas: «KOH.R, KOH.R!». A.Jie TiJibKH-HO BiH BMI1wos 3 HaMery, Bapllloseub npo6MB HOrO poraTMHOIO i BTiK .ll.O CBOIX, i HiXTO He 3Mir HOrO Ha3)l.OrHaTH. Koponb BHKOHaB Te, IQO o6iQ.HB, i ,ZJ;as HOMY rep6 <<0Killa», T06To COKHpa, i ue .nano notJaToK 3HaqHOMY ii po3ra.JI}')I(eHoMy po.ZJ:y. O.uHaK iMnepaTop Jas.uas KoponiO senMKOi IIII<O.UH s CiJieJil. KopoJI& nparHys cnoqaTKY .uo6HTMCb npH.RTeJI&CTBa i noCJJas csoro noCJJa, pHuap.H CKap6Ka, .uo iMnepaTopa, npOOiqH,

1.1{00 TOH He cnyCTOI:Uysas HOro 3eMJIIO i 3 HHM (.BoJieCJJaBOM) 3anpH.H3HHBC.H. Ane rop.ll.HH iMnepaTop, nparff}"'H noxHJysaTMC.H, npnsis CKap6Ka.uo O.ZJ:Hiei

I.Mnepamop !TeHp~

<tfem8epmui1 8ucmynu8 npomu 'EOIIU.Jia.8a I.Mnepamop 06JIO:NCU8

!T11ozo8

KHIIrA I

CKpHHi, llOBHOI 30JIOTa M KOillTOBHMX KJJeMHO~iB, i CKa3aB HOM)': ~Y MeHe £ '-IHM nepeMOITM noJihChKoro KopoJISI». CKap6eK me ai,Anoaia y TOH HOM)'. BiH

ttD:tOQu mt.

up6 BKMH)'B CBiH nepcTeHh-ne"'aTK)' ~0 Qi£1 CKpHHi, KIDK)"''H: «MaJIYBaTO '1)7 6y.n;e Vf.6ikJHQ 30JIOTa .n;JISI nepeMOrM Ha,A MOIM BOJIO~apeM, TO SI,AO~aM ~eiQMQIO. Y HaC me

9TaM. J:zmHil

6um6a l(opOlUl

'Eo.neCIUJ8a

; iMtrepamo· po.M Hil9Te·

CR'ZiM rumi

30JIOTO Hi1.JOf0 He BapTe, 60 MM KOXa€MOCSI 6iJihllle y .n;o6pOM}' 3aJii3i, Hi)K y aOJIOTi, TO i:f~l'f )I{ 30JIOTO .n;o aoJioTa!» IMnepaTop aaKpR"'aB no-niMeQbKu: «A6.n;aHKl» (Habdank), i 3 QbOro qacy BMHRK rep6, SIKMH 3BeTbCSI «A6.n;aHK» i KoTpRii CKap6KM HOCSITb i noHHHi. .HK TiJihKI'f iMnepaTop ni.n.npanRB Qhoro noCJia, EoJiecnan ni.n;crynMn ai cnoiM niucbKOM .n.o iMnepaTopcbKOro. BoHl'f aiiilliJII'ICSI aa MMJIIO ni.n. BpouJiaaa i 6MJIHCSI TaM a paHKY .n.o aeqopa, npelliTi EoJiecJiaB 3 .n;onoMimHMM aaronoM nOJISIKiB Ta ciJieaQiB s.n.apMB y 6iK iMnepaTOpCbKOM)' BiHCbKy, 3JiaMaB i po36MB MOrO TaK, IQO iMnepaTOp Jie~ Be BTiK. J..Ue M Hl'IHi Qe MicQe, ~e BOHM 3iMUIJIMCSI y 6010, H33MBaJOTb Ilecg-

"'MM noJieM (Psie pole), 6o To.n;i np116irno lJHMaJIO co6aK, npHna6JienHx TpynaMH JIIO.D.eH, i noTiM MaJIO XTO Mir npoixaTH TaM 6eJne'lJHO, 60 llCH nana.n.aJIH Ha KO)KHOro. OTpHMaBillH To.n.i 6nHCK)'1.JY nepeMory i B3SIBWH aeJIMK)' 3.ZJ.06H1.J, EoJJecnaB noaepH)'BCSI,AO caoix Kpaln. Hacrynnoro pOKf iMnepaTop, IQ06 KOpOJib EonecJJaB He B"'HHMB MOM}' lliKO~M ni.n; qac uoro (iMne!lToJUli(Jl paTopa) ni~cyTnocTi, 6o sin Man ixaTH .n.o PHMY .n;o nanM, a ~o Toro m mpiy.M· ¢yl0mt. )KaJiiiOIIH TMX cnoix p11uapin, KoTpi noTpanMJII'f B noJioH .n.o KoponH EoJJecnana, nocnan ~o Kopomi. Bin npoc11n npo cnywHe nopoJyMiHHH, npocun,

'Eo.n.eCJZ a8 J i.Mnepa· mopo.M

no6pama· JIUCJl

!Tpa¢

MazHyc poJ6u8 no.Mopllll

IQo6 Eonecnaa np11ixan ~o Hhoro y EaM6epr, o6iQSIB cnoro npuSI3Hh i IQe 6araTO iHWOfO, IQO BiH He )KaJiiTHMe, HKI.ll:O npHi~e caM KOpOJJh ~0 HhOrO, naM'SITai01.JH npo iMnepaTopchKY qecTh. Koponb, ~o6pe IQO~o Qhoro no~y MaBUIM i1: nopa~MBIUHCh, I I (c. 4 7) noixan .n.o iMnepaTopa .n.ocMTh nolllTHno Ta o6epe)KHO. Bin 6yn B.AH1.JHO npm1HHTHH iMnepaTopoM, a TaM ai.n.MoBHB OCTaHHbOMY y BCiJISIKMX llOCJiyrax Ta BaCaJibHiH llOBHHHOCTi, tiOrO paHillle BMMaran ni.n; Hhoro iMnepaTop. IloTiM BOHH nopo~HtiaJIMCR: EonecJiaB o~pymHBCSI i3 cecTporo iMnepaTopa, a iforo cTaplllHH CHH Bna,n.McJiaB3 .n;oiiKOIO iMnepaTopa KpHCTMHOIO, B3RBillH aeJIHKi nocaru. BonM JaxonJJeHi MicTa B3a€MHO nonepnynH o~ne o,nHoMy if yKJianH Bi'lJHY npHR3Hb. no CMepTi qeCbKOro Kopon.a CBHTOllOJIKa 6yJIH 3Ha"'Hi yco6ur.d Mi)l( uoro Cl'IHaMM qepe3 KoponiBCTBO. CHHiB 6yno "'eTnepo, i ix Hi KOpOJib, Hi iMnepaTop ne MornH noMHPHTH. Co6ecJJaB YTiK .n.o TioJihiQi, i Ja HMM Koponb Eonecnan nillloB .no l..Jexil, po36HBlliH i1oro 6paTa Bna,n.J1cnana, B3HBlliH TaM nem11<y J.n;o6M"'. TinhKH To.n;i 6paTM Ja,noaoJibHMJIHCH piBHMMM y.n.inaMM. Mi)l( THM llOMOpRHM Ta npyccH , He3Ba)Kai01IH Ha npHCRry, 3HeHaUbKa B.U.epJIHCR a KoponiBChKi nono.n;iHHH, B MaJoBiJO, nHBeJIH 3Bi.lJ.TH til1MaJIO 3.U.06HIIi Ta mo~ei1. AJie rpa<P MarHyc, I.JJ.O 6yn TaM cTapocToiO, Ji6paBlllH aiikhKO 3 npoCTOJJIO.ZJ.y, n.n.apx-m iM y THJI i ni.n.6ua ycro 3.U.06H"'. A Eonecnaa po36HB aiifcbKO BHrHaHoro 36irHEBa, KOTpHi1 n~epc.a 3a)J.JI.H J.n.o6HIIi y CineJiiO. l..J,iero 3pa.n.01o npyccin Ta noMop.HH Koponb Bonecnan 6yn ypa)KeHm':i Ta po3rHinaHHM, TOM}' Ji6pan aii1ChKO npoTH HHX. KonH niH .n.ii1lllOB .n.o KpylllBil\i, TO no6a"'HB TaM Ha KOCTbOJii IOI:IaKa, KOTpHH rpaBCH .H6JiyKOM (TaK cai~lJaTh nonhChKi xponiKH). Kon11 BOHH BHPYlllHJIH,nani, TO Qeii IOHaK cny-

KHHrA I (yiJeca 9"ocnoiJH.i

CTHDCSI 3 KOCThOJIY i CTau Ha IXHbOMY lliJISIXY KH}{aTH Qe SI6JiyKo. KopOllb, no6a,umm11 Qei1 l{o6pni1 3HaK, nimos 3a HMM a:>K l{O HaKJia. lOHaK KMHYB

S~6JTyKOM Ha 3aMoK, l{aJOqM 3HaK, ~o6 i1mJIM Ha Hboro. fionecnan o6no:>KMB

9lal(llo

o6JIOXt1U

HaKJIO, l{e 6yno l{eCSITb TMC}lq llOMOpRH. noMopHHH BHnpocHJIH co6i nepeMHP'R Han' HTH~QHTh l{Hin, 6o BOHM cnol{iBaJII1CH Ha nil{Mory. KopoJib :>Ke )l.iCTaB BiCTb, ~0 llOMOpRHM 3 npyccaMH MJl.YTb TMXO qepe3 JiiCH BeJIHKOIO noTyr01o. Tenep :>Ke BOHH, y6e3neqeHi n nici , nocTaBMJIH l{OBKOJia ce6e nani, poraTMHH, cnepe.n.y 3allaJIMJIM BOrHi, a Ha3aBTpa BOHJ.1 MaJOTb HTJ.1 Ha l{onoMory noMopHHaM. Eonecnan, .n.o6pe po3Bil{aBmM QJO cnpany, po3l{iJIMB CBO€ DiMCbKO Ha l{Bi qaCTJ.1HI1: Ha qoJii O)l.Hi€I llOCTaBJ.1B reTbMaHOM CKap6iM€)J(a, KOTPOMY HaKa3an yl{ap11TI1 Ha noporin B no6, .n.e BOHM MaJIM o.n.Hi sapoTa s Ta6opi, a caM 3 iHmHMI1 3ai1mon 3 TI1Jiy. Kon11 :>K CKap6iME)K 3iHIIIOBCH 3 soporaMI1 B 6J.1TDi, TO BOHJ.1, He 3HaiOtU1 npo SIKicb iHmi BiHCbKa, sci KHHYJII1CR Hanepe,n;. A Eonecnas, npopnanmHCb qepe3 nani Ta san11, !JTo.Mop.R.n poJ6urtUJ. S.l:(apHS Ha HI1X 3 THJI)' 3 SCJIJ.1KOIO CJ.1JIOIO: ll0H.Mll.(I1B, po3611S i po3rpOMI1S 9lal(llo SeJIHKC BiMCbKO, HKOrO, n.Mmyrh, 6yno TaM TO,ZJ;i copoK TI1CHq. naqaq.M Qe, Jikumbc:Jl HaKeJibQi ,n;o6posiJibHO 3l{aJIJ.1CR 3 iHliii1M11 MiCTaMH. IloTiM llOMOpRH.M sci cnoi CI1JIH a'€l{HaJIH3 npyccaMH, nparHYq" I I (c. 48) 3a 6yl{h-HKY QiHy CKHsyr:a HpMO KOpOJIH DOJieCJiaBa, O,ZJ;HaK Bci BOHH 6yJIH HI1M, RK HaMMOryTHiliiMM nesoM, poa611Ti. BpemTi Koponh, cxon:asw11 IXHhoro KHR3H, HaKaJas v ' • • v u • HOrO KHHYTM ,ZJ;O S R3HHQ1, 3Bll{KM TOM y)l(e He Bl111lliOS, TaM 1 llOMep. To,n;i Kopollb fionecnas, l{o6pe nocTaHOBJ.1Sllil1 Ta yxsan.Msmu csoi cnpaBH y Ilpyccil TaB IloMopCbKiH 3eMJii, BHCTflli1B 3 BiHCbKOM Ha ,l(aTCbKY 3CMJIIO, 3a Mope. A u;e 6yno 1124 poKy. 3ni,n;TH niH npHHic 1.!11MaJIO cKap6in, ane KoponiscTna, RKe ,n;o6posiJibHO iiloMy ni)l..l:(asanocR, He 3axoTis Y3SITI1, TiJihKH ni,n;cKap6iR ,l(aTCbKoro KoponiscTsa 3 yciM i1oro ciMeiilcTBOM np11nin .n.o IlOJibll.(i. Hor:o Ha~a.n;KH i ,n;oHHHi )KMSYTb y IloJihll.(i Ta Ilpyccii, 3HaqHo po3ran~usmucb, a lx npo3BaJIH ni,n;,l(aHii ,l(YHl.lHKaMH. IlonepsysliiHCb 3 ,l(aTCbKOI ,n;ep)KaBH ,n;o IloJihll.(i, Eonecnas 3iTKHyscH 3 pycbKMMR KHR3SIMM , KOTpi llOBCTaJIR npOTM HbOrO, ll.(06 HOrO ll.(e 6iJibiiie p03JIIOTHTH, BRfHaJIR reTb 3 npeCTOJIY faJIHJJ;bKOfO KHSI3R, HKHH 6ys KOponiSCbK.MM .n;aHHMKOM. Eonecnan 6JI.McKyqe noMCTHBCR iM, poa6:anmu nepeMHCbKOro KH.R3H 3 11oro seJIHKHM ni:HcbKOM, npHqoMy y u;ii1 6MTBi 3arHHyno TpH ixHi BO)K,ZJ;i. IloTiM Ja XHTporo nopa,n;o10 R ponoJIKa sci pycbKi KHH3i npMc.RrHYJIH Koponesi EoJiecJiasy, a ll.(06 Kpall.(e :Horo nepeMorTH, ni.n. BHrJIR.D;OM npHSITCJibCTBa llOCJiaJIR .1:(0 HbOfO llOCJiiS, o6iu;HI01.!R HOMy, ll.(O Sci BOHR cTaHfTb 11oro .naHHnKaMH i1 niMaHRMH IloJibCbKoro KoponiscTsa. BoHR npocHJIH, ll.(06 niH He norop.n.)l(ysas u;:aM ixHiM npoxaHHRM, npocHJIH, ll.(06 siH nosepHys Ha npecTOJI raJIHJJ;bKoro KHR3SI. KopoJih, He cno.ninaiOl.lHCb HitJoro noraHoro, n:apymus 3 HeBeJIHKRM siiichKOM Ha Pycb. KoJIH )}( siH Ha6JIH)I(aSCJI .1:(0 faJIHlJa, TO pychKi KHR3i pa30M 3 yropCbKHMH llOJIKaMH, KOTpi BOHH S3JIJIH co6i Ha .n.onoMory ni,n; npHBOJl.OM siHmysaHHJI tioMy ll.(aCTSI Ha naHyBaHHR u;i€10 l{Cp)KaSOIO, BHCKO'lJHJIH 3i CSOIX 3aci)l.OK i OTOlJH• JIM KopoJIR 3si,nycinb. Koponb, no6at.IHBWH pychKi XI-ITpicTb i 3pa.n.y, asepHYBCR a .no6pHMH cnonaMH .u;o csoix )KOSHipis, KOTpnx niH To,n;i MaB npu

'EoJIUJia8

6iJepCJZ y 'Dani10

Pycunu no6cmaAu npomu 'EoMCJUJ6a

!lfpomu $oJIUJia8a U1mymzbc:Jl.

JpaOa

KHHrA I

'lJ~IJoUiJ, 1\PJIU

mpe6a 6YJIO HtOO.MiHHO

6umut:.Jl,

ymil(

!JloiJapy'HPQJ

'!ioJieCJiaiJa IJoe8oiJi8mil(a'ly

'J(pal(j8cbi(JJ i1 I@IUrnUUlH

nepe8uUJye c8oi.M JkQU'HHJI.M

8oe8oi)y

'J(ppOJIIJ '!ioJU?.CJla8 nepe).fiz y 47 UHt· PMI>HU:(

6um6a:c

co6i He6araTO i KOTpHX BiH 3Mi~HHB }' HaMipi ,z:taTI1 Bi,nciq TaKOM}' 3pa,u.JIH· soMy sopory• .AJie KpaKiBCbKHH BOEso.na HicKiJibKH He 6yn 3BopymeJIHH KopoJiiBCbKHM HaKa30M i 3 ,no6ipHHM KpHJIOM WJISIXeTHOrO pH~apCTBa, SJ:Ke siH O'lomosas, yTiK y nepmi:H *e C}'TH'IQi. KopoJib )Ke, no6aquswu, mo iHaKwe He Morno 6yTu, s~n1HHB Te, ~o HaJie>KaJIO t.IHHHTH MY>KHbOMY pu~apiO Ta eHepri:HHoMy BO)K,ltesi, i HacaMnepe.n s.napus 3i csoiMH .nsopSIHaMH Ha yrop~is i T}'T »<e ix po36us i 3HHI.UHB. DoTiM siH o6epH}'BCSI B iHlllHM 6iK i, 3Mii..(HMBWHCb, M}')I(HbO BCTynus ,no 6HTBl1 3 BeJIHKHMH p}'CbKHMH 3arOHaMH. I B)Ke siH 6yn nepeMaras ix, aJie TYT Ha,nii1:wnu csi*i :H CHJibHi ,ltOllOMi>KHi p}'CbKi llOJIKH, KOTpi OTO"'HJIH llOJISIKiB 3Bi,nyciJib i 3JiaMaJIH ixHi:H onip. To.ni 6yJio npo6uTo (cnucoM) KOHSI ni.n KopoJieM, i 3 KiHCbKOro qepesa sucinu H}'Tpomi. O.z:tHH mJisrXTH"' Hera:HHo .nas :HoMy iHworo KOHSI. TiJibKH To,ni Tpoxu He 3 o6pa3aM:u, I I (c. 49) niCJIH seJIHKoro npoxaHHH si.n csoix, siH }'TiK 3 1..\iEi 6HTBH. O,nHaK KopOJib 6ys To,zd .n.yJKe cTpuBO)KeHHM He TaK t.Iepe3 3pa,ny pycbKHX KJIHTBOnopymHHKiB, SlK qepe3 Mep3eHH}' BTeqy KpaKiBCbKOrO BO€BO.li:H, KOTpOM}' TIOCJiaB }' no,napyHOK 3a.H'Ioro Ko*yxa i KY*iJib 3 sepeTeHoM Ta npHCJIHL\eM, HaTHKaiOt.IH, mo Toii 6ys CB0€10 BTet.IelO no.n.i6HHM ,ltO 3aM~H, a B M}'JKHOCTi- ,AO )KiHKH, KOTpii1: JIH"'HTb aaHMaTHCH He BiMHOIO, a npsr.n;iHHHM. TIOCJiaB i MOT}'3K}', BKaayiOt.IH QHM HaTe, mo aa TaKy 3pa.zvnt:sy cnpasy soEso.na 3acJiyrosyE mH6eHHl(i. To.n;i soEso.n:a snas y poanat.I, aHaiO"'H, ~o siH Henpas11:H i mo.no 6iJiblliOi t.IaCTHHH lliJIHXTH, 60 nopylllyBaB IXHi BOJlbHOCTi, 3a6HpaB Ma€THOCTi, po6HBCH Hat.Ie ,n:pyrHM KOpOJieM, TIOBO.li:HBCH 3 HHMH TaK, HK XOTiB. qepe3 ~e . ' . .. . . . BlH npHB .SI3aB MOT}'3K}' Ha ,l.1;3BlHHL\ll, HlKOM}' Hl"'OrO He Ka)K}'"'H, TIOBlCHB· CH. Horo iMeHi He 3anHcaHo y xpoHiKax .AJIH Hall.(a,n:Kis. 3 Toro qacy KpaKiBCbKHH KalliTeJIHH Ma€ nepwe Micu;e s ceHaTi, sJia.n.y :i1 ypH,nosi noqecTi nepe.n (KpaKiBCbKHM) soEso.no10. lioJiecnas *e, mo.n;eHHO L\e csoE HemacT.SI npoKJIHHas, .n;oKop.Sis co6i, qepe3 mo T.SIJKKO 3axsopis i, npHHHHBlliH HaiicBHTirni ,ZI.ap11, nposis y MHpi ocTaHHi ,nHi csoro )KHTTH. BiH noMep, MaiOqJ1 54 pOKH, npaBHB 36 poKiB i 6ys TIOXOBaHHH y <}lapHOM}' KOCTbOJii s DJIOl(bKY· ,ZI.o Qboro qacy He 6yJio macJIHBillloro Ta soiiosHH"'illloro KoponH s TIOJibi.Ui, HiJK lioJiecJias KpHsoycTHH. Xot.Ia sci cyci,nHi KopoJii Ta MOHapxH 3 ycix 60KiB t.IaCTO Hana,naJIH Ha HbOfO, aJie BiH KQ)KHOM}' 3 HHX M}')KHbO i nepeMO)KHO .n.asas si.ncit.I, a 6o€M npoxo.n;HB ixHi KopoJiiscTsa . . TaK, RK XOTlB, 1..J11H.fPH1 Te, I.UO JIH"t.IHTb M}')KHbOM}' pHu;apeBll,l.J;OCBl,At.JeHOM}' reTbMaHoni. CJiaBHHX i reHepaJibHHX aan)K,AM nepeMO)KHHX 6MTB npOTM sopora siH Mas 4 7, He paxylOt.IH .n.pi6HMX cyTMt.IOK Ta BHJia30K, mo TpanJIHJIMOI .ny)Ke tiacTo. He sapTo npaxosynaTH i u;1o HemacHy ocTaHHIO 6HTay, nKa Hecnop,inaHo nnaJia Ha Hboro "t.Jepea apap,y Ma;waipHux pycHaKiB, aJie BiH 3 Hei BMHUlOB TaK, .SIK TpO.SIHCbl<I1H fei<TOp a6o Kap<j>areHCbKHH faHHi6aJJ; M}')I(HbO 6opOH.Sl"'l1Cb, p03110p01II}'10"111 CBOIMI1 C11JiaMl1 BOpO>Ki aaroHH, siH nory)l<HO BMMlliOD 3 ~iEi 6HTBH. Cn01o .nep)Kauy siH me 3a )KHTT.SI po3,rdJJHB Mi)K CMHaMM. BJia.n.Hcnauy RK cTapmoMy siH JaJIHWMB .nep>Kasy, KpaKiDCbi<e, Ci;Ie3bKe Ta noMopcbKe KH.fl3iBCTDa. DOJJeCJiaBy KyqepRBOMY npH3Ha"'l1B Maaoui10, ,ll.o6)KMHCbKY Ta KynnCbKY 3eMJJi. MetincJiaB)'

KI-IHrA I niH .u.as fH€3HO, Do3HaHh i Kanirn, a feHpixy 3aJil1lliHB Jho6niHCbKY Ta Ka3nMH.pCbKY .u.ep)f(aBH.. TiJ11>KH. naifMOJIO)I.lliOMY 3 HHX, Ka3HMHponi, Hi'llo-

Komt )f( ceHaTopH pa.u.HJIH, lli.06 niH UhOMY MOJIO.ll.OMY lli.OCb 3aJIHlli11B, EonecJJaB Bi,l\noni.u.as: « 'll11 iK BH, Ka)f(e, He 3Ha€Te, lli.O Ha B03i, I I (c. 50) ni.u. HKHM KPYTHTbCH 1.IOT11p11 KOJJeca, MaE XTOCb cH.zdni?» TaK nOTiM i CTaJJOOI. npo ue 6y.ue HM)f('lle.

ro He 3aJIUllii1B.

BJIA,ll;l1CJIAB

,ll;PYfi1H

fl{omupvo.M cuna.M pog0i.rlu8 M pi87ii ttacmunu 1(opoAi8cm8o nopM1iuu i gna"luuu y cO~ cnpa8al( 1\fJPO.!l.b. 91To6i, 'B.!l.aiJuC.!l.aDe, ooMw Oicma8CJZ- 9(pa1(j8, fl1(cmapmo.My Aima.M.u, Me y Doenniu cnpa8i 'Bwo.Mo.My :HCaOi6nicmw. $o 1(9/lu mu l(O"lem 6pami8 :Maemuocmi nocicmu, mo ca.M mi1(aem ga Yzopcv1\f. zopu, gl[i1(aem, Duzuanuil, a:HC y !J{i.MetJ,v1\i 1\Pai, Pago.M. g Opy:HCunow, 1(9mpa paiJu.Jla mo6i ttunumu ga JAu.M. J8uttae.M. !J{e8Wo.M..a 6y!la ooM tg,actnJl., flinuu 6yflo 6 mo6i 3aOo8o.!lvMmUCJl- c8oi.M, :HCumu Jl.1( zoUU-mvCJl. $o zpa8etj,b, npazuyttu tty:HCozo, c8oe Dmpattae, a 1\fJMy Xou lhuuumu UU(9iJy, mo uece ii CaM 00 c8ozo oo.My. II (c. 51) CuiJu :HC menep gi c8oi.Mu Mtg,aih(a.Mu 8 Cifiegii, 3aJH-a8au 1(9po!li6cbl(pi MUJUJcmi iJ cilugb1{JLMU IQlJlJll.Mu.

KHHrA I PoKy si.n; Pi3.n;Ba rocnO.l);HbOro 1140 BJIMHCJiaB ,llpyr11i1 scrynHs Ha KopoJiinCTBO no CMepTi csoro 6aThKa EoJiecJiasa, a.ne ni~ 6aThKiBCbKMX JBW.Jais ~aJieKO Bi,n:iMiliOB,

Ja nopa.n:oiO ,n:py:>KHHH He 3a,l.{OBOJibHRBCR CBOiM,

XOTiB BHrHaTH opaTiB 3 IXHiX y,D.iJiiB i po3D0'4'aB 3 HHMH BiHHy, ,D.06HBWHCb .n.onoMorH pycbKHX KH.H3is. To,u.i EoJiecJiaB KyqepRBHH Ta feHpix 3 MeqHCJiaBOM, 6oRqJ1Cb 6paTa, 3i6paJIHC$1 y no3HaHCbKOMY JaMKy. A BJia,D.HCJiaB, 3a6ysmH npo npHpo~HY 6paTHIO JII06os, 3Bi~yciJih sii1:CbKOM lx OT0'4'HB i o6JIOJKMB TaK TRJKKO, J.l(O o6JiomeHi qepe3 6paK nposiaHTY sme ~YMaJIH KaniTyJIIOBaTH. AJie, cnoHyKaHi nopa.n.o10 cTaporo ,u.ocsi.n.qeHoro mosHipCTBa, BOHH BOJiiJ111,l.{aTH DOT)')KHY 6HTBy. Bu6paBillH TO,ll.i qac, KOJIH sopor y Ta6opi 3a6ys npo He6e3neKy i, snHBWHCb, ,u.o6pe JacHyB, Hiqoro noraHero He CllO,l.{iBaJOqHCb, Bci BOHH 3,n:iMCHHJIH BHJia3KY iJ 3aMKY B Hero.n.y BH0'4'i. BoHH MWJIH 3 na.nai0'4'HMH cMOJIOCKHnaMM, B'4'MHH.JIH KpHK i Jsi.n.'lJJZaOuCJZa6, JliQJU 6uzaHJl6 6pami6, ca." 6y8 6uzHaxui1

yciJib JanaJIHJIH sopomi Ta6opH, a cynpOTHBHe 6e3ne'4'He sii1:cbKO nopy6a.JIM TaK, J.l(O .Jie.n.se BJia~Mc.JiaB raHe6Ho i 3 se.JIHKHM copoMoM YTiK. A 6paTH rHaJIH iioro am ni.n. KpaKiB. BiH, 6a'4'a'4'H, J.l(O ii TaM He BcM,n:HTb si.n: HHX, YTiK 3 .n.pymHHOIO Ta .n:iThMH .n:o HiMe1.fqHHH, .n.o po.n:Hqis .n.pymMHH; ocb TaK, nparHYq" qymoro, BTpaTHB csoiO .n.epmasy. A y.n.i.JioM, npH3Ha'4'eHHM i1oMy 6aTbKOM, 3aBOJIO.D,iJIH 6paTH i TiJihKH Ha npoxaHH.H iMnepaTopa <f>pi,u.pixa Jie.n:se noro.n:H.JIHC.H nocTynHTHC.H H:oMy CiJieJiEIO.

:UhOro qacy CiJieJi.R

si.n.nana si.n: KopoHH IToJihCbKOI.

EOJIECJIAB

KYqEP.HBHH 1(9Au npycci8 oo zyucmUSLH.Cb1\fJi 8ipu 8eoe, rz.{epeJ JpaOAU8ozo mnuzyH.a H.a nozu6e!lb c8o4: We. 1Tpyccb1(UU 8mi1(fl"l Bif} H.amu;c aJIC oo zopu Occu, %6umo oo Awoeu neEhiu;c i 6eJnerz:Hu~ geu 1TpuBifJ nomi.M y 6oMmo rz:ecHu;c .MyJ~Ci8 K9POHHU~ ']]e ~AezT\{J JJ~CepAu gi npyccb'l(j J.Mii. J{a npu;co8aHii1 mpJT.cofJuHi - ma'l(ju, 'lljo Jteo8e mpozy J H£i l;r_ fJuuUIJlo, J giei uecnooifJaHoi ma JPaO!lu8oi 6e3o01ii. 3a{)y.M .My:>~cuiu, npeK]JacH.uu, .JU@U 1-lil(SJllU :J{e 'l:UHUmb uhozo JpaiJJtu8ozo, Ca.M rz:epeJ JPaOy npuumo8 oo Jfwzo . .91. oc1(iAb1(U JIC JT.1(ca.M npo ce6e, ma1(i npo 1@JICHozo nommufJuu tJJy.Mae, mo mu.M mfJuiJzue rfrozo nepe.MoJICe JpaO!lufJuii. II (c. 52)

100

KHHfA I

PoKy Bi)J; Pi3)J;Ba rociiO)J;HbOro 1146 D oneCJiaB KyqepHBHH , npoasaHHH TaK si.A JaKp}"leHoro sonoccH, nicJIH BHrHaHHH 6paTa Bn~HCJiaBa 3 KoponiscTsa acTynHB Ha npecTOJI KopoHH i MY)I(HbO cTepir Kop.u.oHiB si.u. iHoJeMHHX aoporia. HacaMnepe.u. siH Mas TO.D.i qacTi KpHB.D.H ai.u. iMnepaTopa KoHpa.u.a, .HKMH BMMaras ,no3BOJIHTM BHrHaHOMY 6pary TPHMaTM .HKYCb .nep)Kaay, ane siH nory)KHO 6opoHMBC.H npoTM QhOro. To My iMnepaTop nocnas caoE siliCbKO ,no CineJil, ane Hi'loro He .u.ocHrHyB, KpiM JHa'lHOI IllKO.D.M B JIIO.D..HX Ta CKap6ax, TOMY noaepHysc.H HaJa.u.. floTiM qepe3 Qi npM'IHHH Eonecnaa po3nO'laB siliHY i3 <l>pi.u.pixoM Eap6apocco10, ane aro,noM, 3acnoKolsIllH B3aEMHY sopo)f(He'ly, noMHJiysaa 6paTa Bna,nMcJiasa, 11\0 nosepHyac.H a HiMe'l'lHHM. Ueli Hes,nos3i niCJIH npHiJ.u.y B MicTi Il.nOU:bKY noMep, He 6e3 ni.u.o3pH, 11\0 6ys oTpyEHHH. floTiM poey 1164 KopoJib EonecnaB 3 6paTaMH, ai 6paam11 silichKO 11 no.u.iJIHBillH :Horo Ha TPH 'tlaCTHHH, BHpymHB Ha ITpycciiO, KOTPY sorHeM Ta 3aJii30M / / (c. 53) WHpoKo nonJIIOH.D.pysas, HaBepTaiO'lM npycciB )l.O xpHCTH.HHCbKOI BipH, )l.OKH BOHH He noo6iQHJIM oxpeCTHTHCb. A.Jie BOHH, 6at.la'll1 He6eaneey, He npHHH.HJIH, O)l.HaK, xpecTa, a HanaJIH Ha Ma30BiiO, PYHHYIO'lH II Kop,noH.H. npoTH HMX DOJieCJiaB 3 6paTaMH 3HOBY nOBiB BiHCbKO. Y QeH 'laC )l.Ba npycCH nepe6irJIH )l.O HHX ni,n BHfJISI)l.OM BHfHaHQiB i CKa3aJIH, 11\0 BOHH ,no6pe 3Hai0Tb poaTamyaaHH.H i ,nii npycchKOro aiiichKa. ToMy non.HKH o6pa.JIH ix npoai,nHHKaMH cBoro sii:icbKa. Aile Qi 3pa.D.JIHBO 3aBeJI.H lx y cepe,nwHy JJicy, B Hai1rycTimi Ta Ha:H6iJihm 6onoTHCTi MiCQ.H. I TaM Ha O.D.HOMY 6arHHchey, 11\0 nopoCJio 3eJieHHM MOXOM, TIOJJ.SIKH JaCTp.HrJIH, Hi6H M}'XH Ha CMOJii, TaK ~0 He MOfJJH aHi snepe.u. iT.H, aHi Ha3~ nosepHY™C.H, HaBiTh 3 MicQ.H He MOfJJH3pywMTM. To.u.i

101

'EoJUCJUJS IJo/0£ J iJ.tnepa· mopo.M ?\pHf!MoM

rna i}>pi0p4:.o.M 15ap6apoWJIO '1JJuWuUio.6

no1JtpHy8CA Jo 9ToAt>~i 15oJ~tU~a8

IJmoe npomu

npycci8

9Tpycct>J(j ntpe6btc'lU'(JlJptWHu'(Jl

9Tepe6iJIC· 'lUI@M

ru CJIW iJo rQH~

8ipumu

KHHrA I npyccH RKHaMIIIBH,l\We BWCKOqHJIH 3i CBOiX 3aci,l\OK j 3aB,l\a.JIH llOJIRKaM Be• JIHKHX BTpaT. TaM feHpiK, JII06JiiHCbKHM Ta caH,l\OMnpcbKHM BO>K.z:\b, 6paT EoneCJiana, MY>KHbO 6HBWHCL, nonir Ha noni 6010. 3acMyqeHni:f KopoJI& Eonecnan ia pewToiO cnoro pnQapcTna nonepHyncR .l\O floJI&n.d. t.Iepea ~e:H anna,l\OK niH aaxnopin i HeB,l\onai noKHHYB Qeii cniT poKy Eo>Koro 1173, Ha 29-My poQi caoro naHynaHHH RK MoHapxa. BiH 6ya noxonaHHM y KpaKoni, a KOCT&oJii ca. CTaHicJiana Ha aaMey.

MEqJ1CJIAB TPETIM CTAPHH ttfacmo ma1( 6y6ae, zy,o cepeo JLcuozo {JHJl Panmo.M wpna ~pa CKpiJb numi.Me 6ypw: gj[o 6oapumb tpM, mo OOty,, mo zpi.M iJ 61lUCT@fh<.9w, Jl1(j JH-Uty,amb nJUJUu oofkompu6Moi Jl100Cb1(9i npay,i. Oma1(i y,eunam cmapey,b, 1@1lU 6p7-6 y c6oi py1Ql1({Jpooy, '.M.a6 y co6i naucb1(!, cepge i 6pooJICeni "lecuomu. 5Vle ue6oo6Ji J.MiH.u6CJl, fJ3UJcmynu6 BUJ 1(91lUtaH~ ucuom i nollw6u6 Jlli cnpa6u. J{e 6yJW JfCaiJi6Himozo rna JICMwziiJnimozo, niJfC 8i11., 3a 6w1Jlm1(SJ.M '.M.e"luc.na8a 'Dpyzozo. :JI[o.My 6y8 6uznaHUU, 6o Jlli £huH1(U :HCOOno.My noJlbCb1(9MY mupaHoBi He .MuHymbCJL 6eJT@p11-0. II (c. 54)

102

KHMrA I

PoKy Bi,n; Pi3,n;Ba lio)Koro 1174 Mel.JHCJian CTapm13iiirnon Ha npecTOJI KopoHHoi MOHapxii no cMepTi 6parn EoJieCJiana K}"'ep.smoro. U.di 6yn rpa6i)I(HMKOM, )1(0pCTOKMM Ta cynop11M TMpaHOM Hall. nill.ll.aHHMM, 3a ll{O yci HOrO npoK1II1HaJII1 i 3ra,n.ysan11 JIHXHMH CJIOBaMH. To.n;i KpaKiBCbKHM Eni1CKon Ha HMeHHH fe.n;eoH 3 iHUIHMH ceHaTopaMM TaEMHO 3MOBHBcn, i BOHH yxsanHJIM noca.n;nTH Ha i1oro MiCI..~e Ha npecToJii Ka3HM11pa, a ~boro MeqJ1cJiasa He BBa)l(aTI1 CBOIM naHOM, 60 BiH 3 ni.n;_uaHMMH flOBO,li.I1TbCH He HK naH, a HK TMpaH. B116paaUIH TO,ll.i qac, KOJIH MeqHcJiaB noixas .n.o Be;nn(OI OoJihmi, noJIHKH noca.n;HJIII Ha npecToJI i1oro MOJIO)J;llloro 6paTa Ka3HM11pa, xoqa ocTaHHiii i .n;osro npoTHBHBCH ~boMy . I I (c. 55)

K A 3 11 M 11 P

~ P Y

11 H,

npo3BaHHi1 Cnpane):VIHBHM

l)jeu npo~an11.fl.M ma UJ,Upu.Mu CJlbOJa.Mu 6y8 noJ(flUT<flJtuu 1ia naucm8o i DiiJHo8u8 ca8po.M.amcr,T(j cmiuu. 'Bin cmpamu8 yc~ zyto 6y8 npu8oao.M ao J.!l-U~ fh:.un1(j8 1Jpama, Diu aa8 aopozow .Mupy 8imzugni, Jl. m~ Uj,O neaa&o 6yJtu nW mupaHOM I 8 ue6egnty,i ~UJtu y c8oi;{ 8Jtacuu~M.aemuoc1ttfl;u g[pu8i8 oo eihtocmi. 3aSaJl1Ql ilow cmapan11.Jl.ftt 'Ey;w J Pu.My mi.Jw cD.mnow ~JtOpi.Jlua g[puOegeue, a nomi.M BiH no.M.cmuOCJL ga c.Mepmo 6pama

103

KHMrA I

.... g[pycca.Mi a 6iiJ puljtlpCb1(1l~ cnpa6 tffozo IJUJip6Ma ua moiL c8im g 6eJlU1(.u.M. Ma'le.M. 8im7-uguu Cy6opa g[ap1(a, no6atzu6utu uozo ttecuomu 6 XPponi. II (c. 56) PoKy B~ Pia.n;sa lioJKoro 1184 Ka3MMMP CnpaBeAJIMBHH 3a 3araJihHHM 9r{e'UJC.!UJIJ i o,nHocratiHMM ,no3BOJIOM ycix cis Ha KoponischKOMY npecToni nicnR MettHCJiay .MUJWCmi 8 'l(aJu.Mupa sa, norop,n)J(eHoro 1..1epe3 uoro )J(OpcToKicTb. BiH 3Hic 3Jii JaKoHM csoro

6paTa i Ha BaJihHOMY ceM:Mi B JleHttiH(i He 3a6ys cnyuiHo noKapaT.H scix, KOTpi 6ynu nputtMHOIO BHYTpiwHix JasopyweHb y KopoHi. DoTiM BiH MHJIO~pyu.u

u no.Mop.RHU rup~oiJJLmb

y niiJUaHCmiJo 'l(aJu.Mupa 'EepecrM· Yrumo8c11~

CTMBO nocTaBMBCSI .no 6paTa Mettucnasa i .nas uoMy s .u.ep)J(asy rH€3HeHChKi Ta TI03HaHChKi Ma€THOCTi. llpyccM Ta ITOMOp.SIHH, no6at.UIBWH, ~0 Ka3HMMp

MMHJIOCTMBO CTaBHThCSI JJ.O KO)I(HOfO, ,no6poBiJibHO nepeHWJIH y uoro niMaHCTBO. y QeH qac CJiaBHe MiCTO BepecTSI-JlMTOBCbKe si.u.ipsaJio-

JiaCKaBO

CSI Bi.n KopoHH. To.u.i Koponh, npH6yswM T)'.U.M 3 BiMChKOM, 3HOBY onaHyBas MicTOM i JaMKOM, a THX, KOTpi 6yJIM npMl..IMHOIO QMX BHYTpiwHix 6yHTiB Ta

6Wpu8tUmbc.Jl

Bi.U.oKpeMJieHHR BepecTH, KMHYB y s'R3HMQIO, cnywHo cKapaB. Ee3noce1(aJu.Mup pe.U.Hho 3Bi.U.TH BiH BMpywuB Ha pycbKi Kpal i ,noll(eHry po36.Hs y BeJII1Kii1 po36u8 6MTBi pycLKMX KHH3iB BceBono.u.a (Sewolda) i Bono)J.HMMpa. O.u.HaK Mettl1-

6iQ 1(opOHU

P!JCb~

IQUIJi8

cnas, 6a1..1attH, Il(O Koponb 3aTpMMaBCH B Pyci, nparHys cTaTM nepwmo oco-

MezUCJZaiJ 6oiO B .u.ep)l(asi i JaxonMB MicTo KpaKiB, xoqa JaMKY He 3Mir B3RTI1. DoTiM Jw:_onu8 'l(pa'(jiJ BiH, .u.o6pe yKpinMBWH MicTo CBOIMM JIIOJJ.hMM, BMpyniHB KY.U.HCh, w:o6 Ji6paTH 6iJihWe BiHChKO. A TMM qacoM Ka3MMMP 3 BiHCbKOM noBepHyscR .u.o llonL~i i 6yB oxoqe npMMH.SITMH )J(H:TCJISIMM KpaKoBa. Ane He YHHKHYJIM 1(aJu.MUp Kap.H Ti, KoTpi TPMMaJIM TaM CTOPOHY Mel..IMCJiasa. OoTiM, naM'.SITaiOl..IM npo

8010£

npomu

~pyccii

npycchKY 3pa.u.y, BMRBJieHy ~OJJ.O nOJIRKiB 3a qaciB M:oro 6aTbKa BoJieCJiaaa, KOJIM3arMHYJI0 l.IMMaJIO llOJIHKiB pa30M 3 KOpOJieBHl.leM feHpiKOM, nilliOB 3 BiMCbKOM Ha HMX i llOBOIOBaB 3 ycix 6oKiB IXHi KpaiHH. Ili)J.KOpHBlliH BciX TaMTelliHiX )I(J1TeJiiB i B3.SIBWH BCJIMKY 3)J.06J1q, BiH 3 TpiyMcpOM llOBepHyBCSI

.u.o IloJib~i. A TaM 3 BnacHo'i iHiQiaTMBM i senHKMM KOWTOM npHsi3 i3 PMMY Tino cB. ~nopi.SIHa. Ilicmr Qhoro siH nOKMHYB Qei1: cniT Ha aenMKMH CMYTOK scix niMaHH:X, i ni.u.o3piOBaJII1, 11.(0 M:oro 6yno OTPYEHO.

JIEX

Il' 5I T H

M EIJIHH

5l Bmo6a6 gi cmapu.M cmpuc.M, a >U(tgO y y,iu cnpaBi 1>y6 uenpaBuu, mo cydimb Mate iuud, cuO.Jl!'lU 11-a ne~i. g][o~UAacJl- 6um6a ga oep:J1Ca8y, 6o npupo01ie 6a:JICaH.M I Bim~UJH-a, .JlJ@ JO..M.!li!la, npu6e!lu .MeH-e Do IJbOZO. I/ (c. 57) 1ljo6 iJep:JfCaBu ne iJamu mapnamu .Jl6noMy 6ofJ-1(9Bi, 9(pmpuu cma61(jcm1(910 y zop.!li 11-e oiJH.oMy J 6pami6. 'Bpemmi, 1(9./lU .Mu6c.n 6 .flaJH.i, 1-te cnodi6aw"tucb gpaiJu,

104

KHMrA I g][oiJi ua 1lbOZO uana{} 31luu JpM!lu6uu no.Mopfl,uuu, f1,1(_uu no6u8 'lu.M.Mo .Mofit_ I .MeH£ noCJia8 ua mou cBim c8oi.M.u gpaiJ!lulJuM.u py1(a.M.u. J{e6egne'lue :JKum111.5l. mu~ UJO So!loiJiwmb cfJimo.M., 'Eo JfJii)yCi.Jz.b EJouu Ma10mb oo(JJqma ce6e no&o JpaOu.

PoKy Bi,n; Pi3ABa rocnoAa XpHcTa 1194 JlelliKO, CMH Ka3MMMpa Cnpane)J.JIMno-

flewl(p

8ol0£

ro, 6yn npo3BaHMH Ein11M qepe3 cnb:Jie noJIOCOI. BiH 6yn npHHHSITMH nciMa Ha 3a npecmoJl !Me'luKopoJiincTno, ane q11MaJIMM qac nmonan 3a .nep)l(any 3i cnoiM cTpM€M MeqM- JCAa8oM. CJianoM. JlMllle KOJIM MeqMCJian 36HpancSI MTM Ha TOM eniT, TO MYCMn 3ri.l{Ho 3 ,ni,n11qHMM npanoM nepe,naTM nee cnO€MY nJieMiHHMKoni. TiJibKM To,ni JlelliKO CKJII1Kan ceifM y facani ( Gasawie) y <J>i.nbnapey TllleMellleHCbKMX qeHrdn, I I (c. 58) mo Heno,naniK ni.n 3HiHa. Ha Qeif ceifM niH noKJIMKan no- flew'@ Jpadwlu MopcbKoro cTapocry Cn.HTOnOJIKa, 6o TOM He ,nan iioMy ,naHMHY - TMc.Hqy i 66UJZu rpMneHb cpi6Jia, SIKY Man npMHeCTM 3ri.ZJ.HO 3 npMC.HraMH, mo )J.anaJIMCSI KO)I(- noAwp.stHU Horo poey To,ni, KOJIM niH CTanMn if oro Ha QeM ypSI,n. XHTpMH Cn.SITOllOJIK 3 .noM}' fpmpin nocJian .no Hboro cnoix nocJiin, npoc.HqM TpoxM noqeKaTH ii o6iQ.SJJOqM Hen,non3i 3'.HnMTHCSI 3 ,naHMHOIO. THM qacoM niH, MaJOqM wnMryHin, Ta€MHO 3i6pan niucbKa ii y.ZJ.apMn Ha JlewKa, KOTpMii TO,ni MMncSI n Jia3Hi. Cn.HTonOJIK y611n 6araTO JIIO,neif KopoHM, KoTpi To,ni npMiXaJIM Ha ceiiM. KopoJIIO .l{aJII13HaTI1 npo Qeif 6yuT. EaqaqM, mo ,niETbC.SI, KopoJib 3 ueneJIHKOIO Ki.nbKicTro ,nnop.SIH cin Ha KOH.H i cTan TiKaTH. 3a HHM KMuync.H Cn.HTonoJIK, Ha3,nOrHaB :Horo B MapQiHKOni :H, He3Ba)l(aJOqM Ha 3nepxHiCTb noMa3aHMKa focno,nHboro, n611n cnoro naua SIK 3pa,zviHnl1if KJISITnonopywHMK.

105

KHHrA I TaM 6yno TJDKKO nopaHeHo spol.VIaBCbKoro KHJI3JI feHpiKa Eopo.l{aToro, i JIK6M cnyra 3Bepxy He 3aKpHB HOrO CBOiM TiJIOM, TO 6ya 611 Te)f( y6HTMH; Qboro KHJI3H aa aoma.x 6yno npuHeceao .l{O Bpol.VIaaa. BTiK Ma30BeUbKHM KHJI3b KoHpa,zt, KOTporo ni.l{03piOBaJIH 8 TOMy, ll.{O BiH 3HaB npo HaMipH CBHTonoJIKa. TaM 6yno B6MTO i 6araTbOX iHlllMX 3HatiHMX JIIO.ll,eH, KoTpHM .l{aJiaCH B3HaKM Ta 6eaneKa, 60 BOHH JierKOBCOKHJIH CBOiMH BOporaMM. ilaH}'BaB JiewKo 29 poKiB. Moro TiJio 6yno noTiM npMBe3eHo .l{O KpaKoBa H ypO'llHCTO nOXOBaHO y Ka$e.l{paJibHOMY KOCTbOJii.

EOJIECJIAB C 0 P 0 M' .H 3 JI 11 B I1 (Wstydliwy)

11:

!lTomy:HC1路Li mamapcbKj fJiiicb1@ fi{epeJ 1teJMipHO .Menwi cUJlu !lTo.!ISL1(j8 BwiUUJWlU Bc10 Mu.lly !lTo.llbUJY路 3 OulvwM niUJJI.u cella, Micma i no.ll.fl .9bfc oo ca.Moi pil(u OiJpu; lJJl- cnpaBa fJuzH.Ma '}(ppoM 00 ')"'zopUJUH.U tuyl(flmU OOnO.AtOZU, 'Eo ca.Ma !lTO.IlbUJ,a LM y geu '2:ac H.e nooo6aJLaC.fl. 3a naH.y8am-t-.5t lJ;bOZo 1(9poM 'Eo!leCJZaBa 9Ifvw c85lmozo Cmanic.JlaBa 6y.llo HCUle:JJCH.O fhuaHoBaH.o. 'l(ppo.llb Ji c8os10 iJpy:HeuH.o10 nocmapiwaB y neJaii.M.aH.iu 7:ucmomi,

106

KHHrA I )f(uiJy"l.u y npuarwibwcmi, 1ii6u f})ia1ia. 'ljeu 1\9POfl-o nepzuu.M. 13iih(pu8 1Yo~e1ico1(j coJlJI.1ii 1(9nMoui, 9(pmpu.M.u Ja.!lama8 J6um1(JL, Jano0i.sr.1ii Y" uozo Je.M.!li mamapa.Mu. II (c. 59) PoKy Bi,n; Pi3,n;Ba Jio)Koro 1243 DoneCJiaB nyouxyc (Pudicus), T06TO CopoM'513JIHBliH, 6yn npo3BaHHH TaK TOMy, ~0 HenopoqHO )Kl1B 3i CB0€10 .Upy)KHHOIO. BiH o6paHHH Ha KpaKiBCbKY MOHapxiro ETIHCKOTIOM llpaH.UOTOM, noEso.noro KniMYHTOM Ta iHlllHMM KpaKiBCbKMMM naHaMM. To.ni i1:oMy 6yno .ZJ.y)Ke TH)KKO 1.1epe3 seJIHKY KiJihKiCTb sepxosHHX KHH3in, 6o lx 6yno .nsa.UU:HTb lJOTMpH. HaliriplllMM 3 HHX 6ys Ma3osen;bKHM KHH3b KoHpa.n, KOTpMi1 .ny)Ke nepecni.nysas KoponH Eonecnasa Ily.ZJ.MKa. l..J.epe3 u:e Eonecnas, nopa.ZJ.MBlllMCb 3i csoiMH, nocnas .no yropcbKOro KoponH EenM eHepriliHHX MY)Kis: KniM)'HTa 3 KniMYHTOBa Ta KpaKiBCbKOro BOEBo.ny RHyllla HK csaTiB, ~o6 yKJianM 3 HMM sil.IH)' .npy)K6y, a .ZJ.OliK}' EenH ni.n.nanM 3a Hhoro 3aMi)K. TaK i Bl.IMHHJIM. I 1239 poKY np11seJIM .no Hboro mn.HxeTH)' Ta cs.Hry ){(iHK}', .HK}' 3saJIH KfHiryH.na, a no-yropcbKM- KiHra. llpo Hel n:i icTopil 11 xpoHicTH nMCaJIH JIK npo JIKecb I I (c. 60) qy.no, 6o TiJibKM-Ho ii HapO.ZJ.HJia MaTH, soHa JICHO npoMOBMJia yropCbKOIO MOBOIO: «Eozopoou'l&e J(ieo, paoyiiCR i T. ,U. ( «Bqdi pozdrowiona Krolewno niebieska etc.»). lloTiM soHa ){(HJia 3i csoiM qoJioBiKOM y .nisotiOMf cTaHi. KoHpa.n, KOJIH .nosi.nasCH npo TaKHI11UJiro6, 6ys 3 HHM y MHpi }J.e.HKHH qac, ane He Mir }J.OBrO TaK BCH}J.iTH 11 niCJIH pi3HHX KaTfBaHb TIOBicHB Bl.leH)' JIIO}J.HH)' JIHa l..J.anJIIO, BpOI.~JiaBCbKOrO (WJodzJawskiego) CXOJiaCTHKa, nJIOU:bKoro KaHI.VIepa. A u:e niH BlJHHHB qepe3 ni.n6yprosaHHH csoEi .u.py){(HHH Ara3il, KOTpa HaKa3ana Tino nosillleHoro l..J.anni, HKe tieHn:i B){(e noxosaJIH, THITH Ha 6eper BiCJIH a IlnoiJ;bK}' i1: nosicnTH. O.nHaK npiop u;horo op.neH}' HaKa3aB o6pi3aTH MOTf3K}' 11 noxosaTH Tino y TfMChKOMf KOCTbOJii. A u:e cTaJIOCH TOMf, ~o, Ha JI.YMKY KoHpa.na, noKii1Hnl16ys npHtiHHOIO Toro, ~o 3 CHHOM KoHpa.na He CKopo nosepHysCH 3 BpoiVIasa, K}'.ZJ.H 6aTbKO noCJiaB i1:oro HasqaTHCH. ,l.(o csoro cnHa KoHpa.n nncas 6araTo pa3is, a ocKiJibKH TOI1 o.npa3Y He np11ixas, TO BiH .ZJ.yMaB, Hi6MTO BOHI1 6yJIH 3 feHpiKOM Eopo.naTMM npoTH Hhoro, a feHpiK He 3a6ys npo cso€ nepe6ysaHHH y s'H3HHU:i KoHpa.na. Hacnpas.ni CHH He npnixas TOMf, ~o 3aTp11MaBCH y csoei ynro6neHoi ca. KoHCTaHn;ii, .ZJ.OtiKH ca • .H.nsirn Ta feHpiKa,l.(pyroro. l..J.epe3 u:e KoHpa.n TaK .nosro nepe6ysas y seJIHKil1 aHa<PeMi EnHcKonis, ni.nTsep.n>KeHiu apxienHcKonoM, .ZJ.OKH He snoKopnsCH Ha JleHtiRU:bKOMf co6opi 11 He noMHPHBCH 31J.Y· xoseHCTBOM, s:n6al.IHBWHCb Ja csili 3JIOlJRH. BiH .nan y si1.1He BOJIO.ZJ.iHHH fH€3HeHCbKOMf apxiEnHcKoncrsy ceno Jlosiq 3 yciM Hane>KHHM. BiH noro.nusCH i 3 THM, IU06 apxiEDHCKOfl CTaB KaHOHiKOM Ta npe6eH,napeM y WIOU:bKOMf KOCTbOJii; JJ:aB 6araTO BOJibHOCTe11 iHlllHM KOCTbOJiaM, aJie si.n:nym:eHH$1 rpixiB KoHpa.n; oTpHMaB TinhKH si.n; nan:n fpnropiH ,l.(es'HToro. Y u:eif qac 3a naH)'BaHHH KopoJIH lly.nuKa 6yno cTpawHe :H )f(OpcToKe rnrnpc&Ke HamecTH .n;o nonhm;i qepe3 Pyc&Ki 3eMJii. TaTapu, !3axonuswu

C6. Xyni-

zyHi)a 1WUlJUJ zo6opumu OUpOJY

nic.nJl

HapoihceiUUl

'13poryza6C~OJIOCmUI(!l

no6icUJiu

:He6auHa xopcmo~m"

107

Ct.Jt.o flo6iz 8Wip6aw 6W!MaJO· 6e~bi(9ZO

IQI.RJi6cm8a

KHMrA I "U1Ma.JIO 3){061-P·Ii 6iJu1 Jho6niHa i1 3asuxocTa, si~icJiaJIH ii, a caMi pywHJIH Ha CaH~OMHp i B3.HJIH MicTo i1 3aMoK, J{e n6HJIM 6araThOX JIIO,nei1, KOTpi TaM yKpWIHcx. 3ni.nTM BOHH o6epH}'JIHcx ,l{O KpaKoBa, Ha6paJIH 1.JHMaJIO 3,no6H"'i 6iJIH BicJIHU:i Ta CKap6iME.>Ka :H: PYIIIHJIH 3 HeJO Ha Pycb. TaM 6iJI.H l.JopHoi pi"'KH Ha HHX BJ{apHB KpaKiBCbKHH noeno.l{a BJIOA3iME.>K 3 .u.o6ipHoJO .U.PYJKHHoiO, a.Jie He BMrpaB 6HTBH, 60 Man MaJIO BiHCbKa, aJie 6araTO B'H3HiB noBTiKa.JIO TOAi ni.u. TaTap. TaTapu po3rHiBaJIHCH i nilliJIH Ha Pych. TaM BOHM 3'€)J.Ha.JIHC.H 3 iHwHMM i pywun11 3 neJIHKHMH CHJiaMH Ha lloJihi.Uy, 6iJIH CaH,n:oMupa po3,n:iJIHJIHCH Ha ,n:ni "'aCTHHH: 6iJiblliY Ha 1.JOJii 3 TaTapCbKHM reTbMaHOM Kaii,n:aHOM nocJiaJIH .n:o BeJIHKol lloJibi.Ui 11 KyHn i TaM 6e3 .>KO,nHoro 91Ulmapu onopy B"'HHHJIH BeJIHKY IIIKO)J.y. MeHllla 1.JaCTHHa nopy6aJia BiTOBCbKHX MOnopy6Mu )tOHD:QlHI> HaXHHb 6iJI.H lliioTpKyBa, i TiJibKH Tpoe 3 HHx BTeKJIH .u.o Jiicy. TioTiM Qi qepHHU:i nepe6pa.JIHC.H Ha 6e3ne'iHillle MiCI.~e .no EycbKa, a EychKe a6aTCTBO npHE)J.Ha.JIH .n:o BiTona. I I (c. 61) .D:pyrul1, Te.>K "'HMaJIJn1: TaTapcbKHH 3ariH Ha qoJii 3 reTbMaHOM EaTMEM pyw11n AO KpaKona. lHllli nMlllYTh, mo EaTMH PYlliMB .u.o Yropm:HHH, a .no llOJibi.Ui - lleTa. TI pOTM HMX BMIXa.JIM 3 BiHCbKOM KpaKiBCbKMH BO€BO,na BJIO.U.3iME.>K, KalliTeJIHH KJieMeHc, llaKocJiaB Pau;i6opoBM"' Ta iHllli, neJIHKe BiHCbKO, 3iHWJIHC.SI 3 TaTapaMH 6iJIH lliM)J.JIOBa, a.n:e qepe3 HepiBHicTb CHJIM !Topa

6yJIM po36MTi. KopoJib EoJiecJiaB, noqyswu npo Qe, BTiK 3 .u.py.>KMHOJO Ta MaTip'IO Ha ropy llEHiHM no6JIH3Y l.JopmTMHa, a noTiM .u.o Mopanil, y KJIHwTop MOHaxin QMCTepu;iaHCbKoro op.u.eH}'. TaTapH nicJI.H nepeMO.>KHOI 6HTBM npHHlliJIH .u.o KpaKona, ane 3HaHlliJIH 11oro 6e3JIIOJJ:HMM. To.u.i BOHH nee CllaJIMJIM, 3a BMHHTKOM KOCTbOJIY CB. AHApi.H, KOTpHH 6ys TO)J.i me B nepe.U.MiCTi. Y HbOMY yKpHnocH 6araTo JIIO)J.eH, HKHX TaTapH He MorJIH 3,no6yTH, i To.u.i nimJIH Ha BpoQJiaB. TaM BOHH Te)K 3HaHWJIM 6e3JIIO.U.He MicTo i cna.JIMJIM i1oro. BoHM PYIIIMJIH ,1:\0 BeJIHKO'i TioJib.ll.\i i B JlerHMU:i o6'€,1:\HaJm'Eum8a CH 3 KaH):\aHOM Ta iHlllHMM TaTapaMM. llpOTM HMX feHpiK .ll,pyrMH, CMH mamapa)tu Cmpaume ca . .H.z:\BirM, 3i6pan cyci,l:\Hix KHH3in 3 HiMeqqMHH, lloJib.ll.\i, Tipyccii, KyHn. JHCVUitH.Jl. KOJIM * feHpiK o6't*.z:\*aB 6iJIH JlerHMU:i niHChKa, TO Ha Hhoro snan KaMiHh 3 KOCTbOJIY JJ:inH Mapil i MaJIO He 3a611n iioro: u:e 6yno noraHe 3HaMeHH.H. _BiH BMWMKyBaB BiHCbKO 3 "'OTHpbOX "'aCTMH: y 0,1:\HOMY BiMCbKY 6yn11 xpeCTOHOCU:i 3 HiMe"'"'HHM, y .U.pyroMy- llOJI.HKM ni)J. KOMaH.L\yBaHHHM CMHa KpaKiBCbKOrO BOEBO.z:\11 BJIO.U3iME>Ka, y TpeTbOMY- npycc11 3i cnoiM MaricTpoM lloMnoHOM. Hai1KpamHM 6yJio "'eTnepTe siikhKO i3 cine3Qin, seJIMKononHKiB i )KOBHipin, KOTpHMH KOMaH,uynan caM feHpiK. TaTapcbKe sii1CbKO Te)l( 6yno no,uiJieHe Ha 'iOTMPM qaCTHHM, ane o.u.Ha TiJihKH Horo qacTHHa 6yna 6iJibwoiO, Hi)K sci Hawi B3HTi pa30M. Y noHe.u.inoK nponi,uHol He.u.ini Ha .u.o6poMy noJii o6H,una nii1cbKa 3iMWJIHC.H y 6MTBi. HacaMnepe.u xpecTOHOCQi, KOTpi 6yn11 3 HiMe"'qHHH, n.uapHJIM Ha TaTap, aJie 6yn11 THMH no611Ti .HK 36i**.H si.u. rpa.uy. lloTiM n.napHJIM npycc11 Ta ciJie3u:i, Ta Qi 3aBAaJiu iM BeJIMKHX BTpaT. Mi>K HMMM 6ys BO>KAeM onOJibCbKHH KH.H3b MeqHcnan, KOTpHH BTiK 3 BiMCbKa 3 BeJIHKOIO KiJibKiCTIO JIIO):\eM, KOJIH llO'-IYB y Tll.ll)' BOJiaiO'-IOrO TaTapHHa: «TiKai1Te, TiKai1Te (biehaite, biehaite)». feHpiK, noqynrnH Qe, 3iTxHys i CKa3aB: «Tope U(l.M, cmaJWCR», To6To noraHo HaM 6y;~e. l.JeTnepTe, !JTEHiHU

108

KHMrA I Halt6iJibWe TaTapCbKC BiHCbKO KI1HYJIOC.H Ha BiHCbKO f eHpi Ka, i B l~ii1611TBi nci MY)f(HbO 6 uJIMCJI. AJ1e no6aqHJJM JIKorocb TaTapHHa, KOTpH.H a11pnancJI Hanep e.n 3 npanopoM, Ha KOTpoMy 6yno HanMcaHo X., a np11 HhOMY Ha .npenKY roJioaa, .HKa cTpamHo TP.HCJia 6opo,n01o i BMnycKa.na 3 poTa Ha noJIHKin Mep3eHH'I1l1 Ta CMep,n10'li11H,ll11M. qepe3 Qe Bci OOJI.HKH, 3,llHBYBaBill11Cb i 3JIJI· Kanumcb, panToao noqa.nu TiKaTM XTO KY.l\11 Mir. ITonerJii y Qii:i 611TBi JIMWHJIHC.H Ha TIOJii: feupiK, MOpaBCbKI1H MapKrpa<P, m eni OJIKO, npyccbKI1H MaricTp DoMnou, CyniCJiaa, InaHOBI1q, KoH,npaTOBH'll, CTe<PaH 3 Bep6Hol i3 CMHOM, I I (c. 62) IToneHH~bKi, fleTpKOBHq, ITeTpo K yma Ta 6araTo iHWHX 3HaMeHHTI1X JilO,ll.ei1 . BoHH 6y1111 noxonaui y Bpo~nani y KOCTbOJii en. 51Ky6a. Ti;Io feHpiKa He MorJIH nni3uaTH, 6o TaTapH s i.n.py6a;m i1oMy roJiony i Hocmm Ha .npeaKy. O,nHaK .npy)f(MHa yni3Hana i1:oro no wocToMy nanb~IO Ha ;Iinii:i H03i. Horo ypoqHcTo 6yno noxonaHo y ~bOMY )I( npo~naacbKOMY KoCTbOJii. To.ni TaTapu 3,no6y1111 neJIHKY nepeMory .HK Ha,n n oJI.HKaMM i1: npyccaMH, TaK i HiMQJIMI1: CaMMMM Bi,npi3aHMMI1 nyxaMH y B6HTHX BOIHiB BOHH Ha' . . . . BaHTa)f(HJIM )).eB SITb B031B, Bt,ll.pt3aBW'I1 no O,llHOMY nyxy Bl ,ll. K0)f(H0f0 B6HTOfO. lJ.e BOHI1 3J?0611JII1 ,ll.JI.H TOfO, ~06 3HaTI1 KiJibKicTb y6MTI1X. f1oTiM BOHM ni,ncrynWIH ,no 3aMey JlerHMQi H HaKa3a.JII1 Bi,nqMHHTM BOpOTa, KaJKyliH: «0Qe saw naH f eHpiK», 6o iioro ronony HeCJIH u a .npeney. A.Jr.e iM ni.n.noniJm, ~o ua KHH>Ke Mic~e MaiOTb .n.ocMTb iHWMx, TOMY TaTapH ni.n.cryn11JI11 reTb. EiJIJI O.nMfXOBa TaTapH CTO.HJIM niciM .n.uia, a noTi M niWJIM qepe3 Cine-

'B6umi mamapa.Mu HilUJHO'lHUui

.My:JICi

9Iepe11i'( mooeu, 66umu;r_ mamapa.Mu

9Jlamapcbl(j JfUOHU

6 1ToJtbUji

JiiO ua Mopaai10. ITycTowaqH 3eMJIIO, BOHH npMHWJIM .no Yrop~MHM i TaM 3'e.n.Hanuc.s~ 3 EaTHEM, >KHJIM TaM 6JII13bKO Tpbox poKin, po3.n.iJIHBWM Mi)K

co6o10 cnycToweue KopoJiiBCTBO. 3'iniiiM nponiaHT, BOHH n onepHYJIHC.H .n.o cnoix Kpaiu, .no CKi<Pii, a 6yno ix ycix wicTCOT THCSI'll. lloTiM EoJiecJian np11ixan 3 Mopanii. 3 HHM nocTiiiuo soronan Koupa.n, ni.n.6yp1010'lll1 iHWHX cyci,nHiX KH.H3iB Ha KOpOJI.H. 0 1 .HKa >K He~aCHa 6y11a pjq nocnOJIHTa llOJibCbKa qepe3 BHyTpiwHi yco6MQil Eo Te, qoro TaTapH He .U.OKiH'lii1J111, Te CBOI .n.o~eury BMHMII.(HJIM. A>K rocno,nb Bor 3MHJIYBaBCSI, 6o ~boro CB.HToro Koupa.n.a CMepTeJibHO 3apa3MB, i Toro n oxona.n11 124 7 poey a ryMCbKOMY KOCTbOJii y llJIOQbey. BiH 3aJIHWHB no co6i .n.aox c11uin: Ka3MMHpa Ta CeMOBMTa. Y Qeii qac noMopJIHM 11 npycc11 n en11 Mi >K co6oro nenMKi aii1HM, oco6JIHBO uecnoKiHHMH 6yn noMopcLKHH noeno.n.a, JI3HliHI1K CnxTonoJIK: BiH ni.n.6ypiOBaB npycciB-H3H"'HI1KiB Ha xpeCTOHOCQiB, q epe3 Il.(O 6yn ni,n.n.aHMH n ano10 nenMKMM aua<PeMaM. U:boro poKY AcQenniH (Ascellinus), qepue~b-MiHopHT, 6yn noCJiaHHH 3 iHWI1MH MOHaxaMM 3 JlyneHa (Lugdunu) nan010 IHOKeHTi€M qeTBepTHM ,ll.O neJIMKoro xasa, TaTapcbKoro Qap.H, Il.(06 TOH npHHHHB xpHCTMJIHCTBo, a JIIO· .n.el1 DO)KMX, xp11cnu1H, He n6Hnan 6iJibwe, JIK nepe,nQHM y ITonbiid, HiMeqliHHi, Yropll.(HHi, Mopanii iT. ,n. ):(icTanu ni.n. Hboro ai.n.noni.n.h, ~o npoTSIroM n'SITH poKiB xaH He 6y.n.e Hana,lJ.aTH Ha XpHCTHJIH, aJie XaH He XOTiB oxpeCTMTHCJI, K~'liM, Il.(O xpMCTU.HHCbKa Bipa He € BOHOBHH'liOIO, a Hi)KHOJO, a.TaK, Ka)f(e, JliO)).H, KOTpi B HiH nepe6ynal0Tb, p03JiiHHJIHC.H 6 Bi,n BeJIHKOi 6e3.n.iJIJibHOCTi. ll;boro )K poey .n.pyr11l1 JieraT ua HMeHHJJ Oni3o npu-. ixaa, 11(06 3BiJibHHTH CBHTODOJIKa ni.n. npoKJIJJTTSI. Ane TOM noTiM eTas me

109

1(0HpaiJ 6o10e J 'EoJteC/Ia· 6o.M '}(jmpaiJ

no.Mep

9IowAr,cm8o

ao ;r_QH.a, mamapc~>J(JJZO

tjJJpJZ

'Dpyu

nocoAr,cm8o J Pu.My

iJo noMOpJZH

KHMfA I ripiUHM, cnycTOIUHB KySJ:nH Ta xpecTOHOCQiD, nam1B i rpa6ysan KOCTbOJIH, Jie)J,Be xpeCTOHOCQi Bi)J.6HJIH MOI'O, a CaMOfO B6RJII1, Bi)J.i6paBIUR KOCTbOJIH.

!ll[amDpu JH06y 8 !lloJibu;i

!ll[amapu 6mperru: y 9lOJibUji

Jlm8Jlzi8, ~ IUlnaiJa.nU Hil !lloiii,UJ.Y.

POJZJ'O.AW8 1(opollb

9lyUui(JIC

1(pf£OHiJa~iJl

c.8. CmaHit:llaiJa

91oMep

ce. Jlije1(

To.zd 6yJio cnycToiUeHo KJISJ:WTop B OJinsi nepe.ll. f,naHCbKOM. /I (c. 63) Poey 1269 6yJIO "'iTKO BH,l(HO Ha He6i, SIK 6HJII1C.SI BiMCbKa. QbOrO )I( poKy O)J.Ha IIIJISJ:XTHHKa B KpaKiBcbKi:H aeMJii 3a o,nHH paa napo,n:HJia TPH.ll.QHTb IIIicTb )).iTeM. Qboro )I( poKy B MicTi Ka.niiU Hapo,n:HJiocH MepTse Te;m 3 .lJ.BOMa ronosaMH i ciMOMa HOraMH, HOfO aHi IICH, aHi nTaxH He XOTiJIH IcTH, a){( IIOTiM H:oro 6yno cna.neno. lloTiM y 1270 poQi 3Hony Maca TaTap na qoni 3 Hora€M Ta Tene6yr01o npiuimJia .ll.O CaH)J.OMHpa, SJ:KHX npHBeJIH pycbKi KHSJ:3i. BoHH panToso crraJIHJIH MicTo, a aaMKOM onaHysa.nH rri.n: qac neperosopis yHacni)J.OK pycbKOi 3pa.ll.H i TaM nopy6aJIH TaK 6araTo mo,n:ei1, I.I.J;O Kpos cTpyMKOM TeKJia .ll.O BiCJIH. lHIIIi )I( Tina TOnHJIH, KH)J.ai01.IH rri)J. Jii.ll., 6o TaTapH B3HMKY npHHWJIH no KpH3i Ha .ll.pyrHi1 .u.eHb niCJIR J(HR cs. AH.n:piR. EoneCJiaB, He s 3M03i si)J.6HTH seJIHKy TaTapcbKY CHJIY, BTiK .n:o Yropi..U;HHH. TaTapH, Bi.n:JJ.asum CaH,n:OMHp pycaKaM, niuvm .ll.O KpaKosa, SJ:KHM 3HaHIUJIH B)Ke cnycTiJIHM, a yKpiiilleHHH siMCbKaMH 6ys TiJibKH 3aMoK. TaTapH nosepnynHcR .lJ.O.ll.OMY 3 6iJibiUOIO 3)J.o6H1.I\:.IIO, Hi){( nicJI.SI nepworo 3axonJieHHH JierHHQi. HacrynHoro poKY I.I.J;e 6iJibllle TaTapcbKe si:HchKO npm1uiJio ni)J. CaHJ(OMHp, cnaJIHJIO MicTo, B3.SIJIO 1.IHMaJIO mo.nei1 Ta 3,no6111.Ii. llpo6ysw11 y llonbud .n:sa MicRQi 11 cnJIIOH.n:pysaBillH KOCTbOJI Cs. XpecTa Ha Jl11ciM ropi, BOHH nosepnyJIHCR Ha csoiO 3eMJIIO 3 BeJIHKOIO 3J(0611\:.I'liO. llicJIH QbOfO Hei..U;aCTSI, 3ano,niHHOf0 TaTapaMH llOJihi.I.J;i, npHiXaB 3 Yropr..u;HHH IT)'aU?cyc, KoTpHii 3i6pas siikhKO npoTH HTBHriB-H3H'lHHKiB, HKi TaTapcbKHM IJlJISIXOM Hana,naJm Ha llonbuzy. BiH ,n:oi.I.J;eHry lx po3rpoMMB, TaK I.I.J;O i1 iM'H lxH€ 3arHH}'JIO. Jle.n:se )f(MeHbKa lx sTeKJia .n:o JlMTBH 3 Qi€1 6MTBH, i BOHH 3 HHMH (JIHTBHHaMH) Tenep 3JIHJIHCH. lloTiM 3HOB)' pycaKH 3 TaTapaMM npHHlllJIHJ(O llOJibi.I.J;i B1.IeTBepTe, aJie rx EonecJias JaB)J.RKH KpaKiscbKOM)' BO€so.ni lleTpy po36HB, a lxHboro reTbMaHa llisapHa B3SIB )' llOJIOH. lloTiM 3Hosy JIMTBa 3 pyccro KiJihKa pa3is Hana)J.an.H Ha Ma3osiiO i nycTOIIIHJIH QIO 3eMJIIO. A KOJIH B)l(e He 6yJio qoro 6paTH s Ma3osil, To BOHH la,n:HJIH a)l( ni)J. JleHqHqiO Ta Jlosiq i, Ha6paBIIIH TaM qaMan.o 3.lJ.06H1.Ii, nosepTa.JIHCH .ll.O csoix .lJ.OMis 3 6araTCTBOM, 6o KOpOJih EonecJias y Qe:H qac IIHJibnysas CBOI KpaKiBCbKi KOp,n:OHH Bi)J. TaTap. ni.n: 'Iac naHysaHHSI l~bOfO KOpOJI$1 DOJiecJiaBa ny.lJ.HKa KaHOHiaysanH KpaKiBChKoro EIIHCKona CTaHicnasa; si.n y6HBCTBa CB.HTOro MHH)'JIO 175 poKin, a Bi)J. i1oro nepeHeceHHH 3i CKaJIKH Ha JaMOK - 165 poKiB. Y Qe11 qac noMep rrponosi)J.HHK .HQeK, qepHel~b op.LI.eHy MiHopHTis, noJISIK i3 cena JleHKi no6JIM3)' OnoJI.SI. BiH JacHynan n'HTh KJISIWTopis cnoro op.n:eHy. Bin 6yn noxonaHHi1 y KJI.SIIIITopi CBSITOI Tpii1ui. Ha i1oro MorHJii i1 .n:oHMHi 6aqHMO qy.n:eca, KoTpHx siH .n:ocHTb 6araTo TBOpMB i 3a csoro )KHTTR. lli.n qac noaeHi siH nepeni3 qepe3 Bic11y 6i;rn 3aKpoqHMa Ha Cl30IJ'i pSici 3 KaTIIOIUOHOM .l(BOX \:.leH~iB, 60 BOHI1 He HaCMiJIIOBaJIHCSI

110

KHHrA I nimKH MTH 3a HHM.

(c. 64) CaMe TO)l.i B Oonhu~i 6yn neJIHKI1H 3eMJie-

Tpyc. Y u.eii qac y EoxHi, 11\0 an' .HTH MHJI.HX Bill. KpaKona, 6yna 3Hai1)1.eHa cinh;

3e.MIItt11p!JC

!J 9'£0/II!Uji

31taUiJtHO ciJl11 y 'Eo)(Jti

ii 3HaHlliJIH CeJI.HHH, KOJIH KOllaJIH KOJIO)l..H3b. TipoCTOJIJO)l. Ka3aB, 11\0 II np11Be3Jia 3 co6o10 3 Yropll\HHH KopoJiena K)'HiryH)l.a. PoKy 1267, qepe3 23 poKH no cMepTi ca. Rll.BirH, BHT..HrJIH

II KOCTi

OMHJIH y BHHi y TllJe6HHIJ.bKOMY KJI..HlliTOpi. PoKY 1268 noMepna raJIHIJ.hKa KH.HrHH.H ConoMi.H, cecTpa Kopon.H flyll.HKa, .HKa 6yna ni)l. iMeHeM KceHii y KJI.HlliTopi n 3aBHXOCTi, a noTiM- y CKani; II nepeHeceHo 3i CKa.JIH y KpaKin JJ.O en. <l>paHU.HCKa. 3an)l...HI<H ii:i (i HHHi) ni)1.6ynaiOTbC..H qyll.eca. POI<y 1279 HeMOBJI.H, KOTpOMY Jie)1.Be BHnOBHHBC.H MiC.HQb JKHTT.H, CKa3aJIO npo HawecT.H TaTap. U:horo JK poKy )l.O KpaKona npHixan yropcbKHH Koponb CTe<}>aH, CHH Een11, pi.nHHH 6paT KYHiryHll.H , ll.PYJKHHH fly)J.HKa. BiH np116yn )1.0 rpo6HHQi en. CTaHiCJiana, 6yn nOlliTHBO npH~fH..HTHH Ta o6)1.aponaHHH lly)l.HKOM. 3a 'lacin Qboro Eonecnana Ma30BeQbKHH KH.H3b KoHpall., He 6yll.yqH y 3M03i )l.aTH Bi.D.ciq npyccaM, np11ain xpecToHocu.in 3 HiMe'1'1HHH. U:boro JK qacy OnaBCbKe KH.H3iBCTBO -ra MicTo Knou.Ko ni)l.ii1mnH ni.n; KopoHH . RKi TO.D.i 6yno JacHonaHo KOCTbOJIH a6o KJI.HWTOpH. lao 3 KoHCbKOro 3aCH)'BaB KJI.HmTop B Mon1ni, B KaH"'HQ.HX, y McToni, n )I;ny6Hei1, y en. Tpiiiu.i n KpaKoBi, )1.e ne:>KaTb i iioro KOCTi, nepeHeceHi 3 MYTHHH, 6o niH TaM noMep, KOJIH noaepTanc.H 31Tanii. PoKY 1237 npHHWJIH JJ.O KpaKOBa 3 llparH 6paTH MiHopHTH-<}>paHQHCKaHQi, npHne)l.eHi Oyll.HKOM, KoTpHii i KOCTbOJI )J.JIH HHX 3aCH)'BaB y KpaKoni. PiK no TOM}' 6yno 3aCHOBaHo KJIHIIITOp y fan11qi. PoKY 1257 nano10 AneKcaHll.POM qeTnepTHM 6yn CTBOpeHMH HOBHH Op)l.eH CTapQIOI0'1HX 6paTiB ycTany ca. EeHe)l.HKTa- ):(isH Mapii, a ni)1.3HaKoJO iioro 6yJIH qepnoHi xpecTMKH. U:e:H op)l.eH 6yn nepeHeceHMH )l.O KpaKona, i Eonecnan Dyll.HK, ni)l.BiBIIIH MicQe, 3BeJiiB TaM 3aCHYBaTH i 36y.lJ.YBaTM KJI.siiiiTOp Ha 'leCTb CD. €BaHreJiiCTa MapKa. U:ei1 JKe llyll.MKYC Ha npoxaHHH cno€i .npy>KHHH KyHiryH)l.H i cecTpH ConoMii 3neJiin 36yeynaTH y 3anHxocTi JKiHO"'HH KJI.HWTop cn. KnapH i Ha)l.aTH iioMy 25 cin; TaM JKe neJKHTb Tino iioro MaTepi fpHMicJiaBH. ):(pyrHH KJI.HlliTOP niH 3aCH)'BaB y KJKHJKaHOBH"'ax Ha)J. pi"'KOJO Hi)l.OIO. lloTiM, poKY 1279, EoJieCJiaB lly)l.HK, npo6ynmH Ha CBO€MY KpaKiBCbKOM}', caH)1.0MHpCbKOM}'iJII06JiiHCbKOM}'npecroni i Ha llOJibCbKiM MOHapxii 37 poKiB, fiOMep, npHHHHBmH focno)l.Hi ):(apH, y rpyll.Hi MicHu.i i 6ya noxoaaHHH y KpaKoBi a KOCTbOJii ca. <l>paHQHCKa, HKHH aiH caM 3acHyaaa. BiH 6yn )J.o6pHif, U.HOTJIHBHif, TBepe3HH, 11\HpHH, MHJIOCep)J.HHH, )J.YJKe JII06HB fiOJIIOBaHHH, TIJibKH B cnpanax He 6ya nocJii)J.OBHHH. TSI>KtiHX i ripmHx BHnpo6ynaHb HK Ha iforo )J.OJIIO, I I (c. 65) He BHna,nano Ha )J.OJIIO >KO)J.Horo iHmoro Kopon.H. 3 IOHOCTi H )1.0 OCTaHHiX XBHJIHH >KHTTH BiH He 3HaB :>KiHKH i qepe3 Qe He JIHIDHB no co6i H3tna)J.KiB.

111

1(fulwmop

c6. !Mapl(!l 6 Xp(JJ(96i

KHHrA I

JIEIIIKO

qQPHI1H

91 mou zac nerzyfJafla Jvtaca capanu 'Ey;z.a Oy:JICe Jllu..A1 f3impolvt Jaflecefla oo namut..1(paifJ. gj[a1(ca.M.o nomi.M, {} rzacu 5'/.eml(flll{opnozo, Jvtaca mamap 9TpuuUJ.!la 00 6azamUt..1(paif} XPpo'HHOi oep:>ICaBu. Wfmv1(U iM 1@po.nv nocmynu8cJL, Me 1(9:JICeH iHmuii 'Bopoz cni1(f>L, Oicma{} 1(9:JICeH no mui. Cni1(f>L i, fJ8a:J~Cau, Oicma8 no .no6i pycv1(uii 1(MJb .9/.efJ, .9L J mamapcv1(U(( mpyni8 Boapu.!lo 1(pU8a8e o:>~Cepe.!lo. J{ai) JLmfJJLza.M.u y 5'lumf3i geu KPPO.!lb of3irzi mpiyM.¢yfJafJ, J{apa~fJafhuu moOi rzomupHaih,yl.mv mucJT.rz y6umut.. 8opozifJ. 91To0i rzacmo 6y8Mu cymurz1(u J 51.JU"lHu1(a.M.u, 'Eo zyucmuJT.na.M. nolvtaza.JLu cu.nu :Tocnomd. II (c. 66)

PoKy Bi,z:t; Pi3,z:t;Ba rocno,z:t;HbOro 1279 CEpa.L~Jhi<m1 I<H.HJo JlernKo 'lJopm1i1 no cMepTi cnoro 6paTa EoJieCJtana TiyJ.I.MI<a 6yn o.n.HocTaHHO o6paHni1 naHaMiti MaJIOI DoJibu(i Ha DoJJbChKY MOHapxiJO, Ha npecTOJI iloro np1-min Imna.a.oK. Cnpana n TOMy, mo pychKHH KH.H3b Jlen, CI1H pyc~>Koro Kopomi .llaHHJJa, XOTiB npHBJJaCHHTH C06i JeMJJi, KOTpi npHCJJyronyDaJJH TIOJJhll.{i; TIODOIOBaBIllH JlJ06JJiHCbKY JeMJJIO, niH ni.n.cTynHn .AO CaHJ.I.OMHpa, a; Ie flora 3Bill.TH iJ copOMOM BiJJ.irHaJII1. T o.n.i BiH CTaB 3 BiHCbKOM 6iJJH

r OCJJi '-Ia, 1.1.\0 Ja JJ.Bi MHJJi

nit~. CaH,AOMHpa. DpoTH Hboro BHCTynHJJM Kpai<iDChimi1 KamTeJJ.SIH Baprno

112

KHHrA I i caH,noMnpcbKm1 BO€BO.z:ta RH}'lll i ,naJIM H:oMy 6MTBY TpeTboro ,nHSI MiCSIQSI JIIOTOro poKy

1280. Cnot.JaTKY B 6iH: acrynMJIM TaTapM, a noTiM pycaKM, aJie

3a3HaJIM nopa3KM Di.z:t DOJISIKiB, i Bci, SIK M}'XM, KMH}'JIMCb TiKaTM .l(O nicy, KMH}'DlllM 36po10. CaM Jlea To,ni Jle,nae BTiK, a 3 H:oro aiHCbKa 3arMH}'JlO

Yltwl(p

poJ6u6a£ mamap i PY"'

8000,

a 2000 noTpanMJlO y noJlOH .z:to JlellJKa. O.z:tHaK aiH QMM MaJIO BTilllMBCSI i 3a n'RTHa,nQRTb,nHiB 3i6paa 15 000 KiHHOTM H: 2000 nixoTM i noaOJOBaB PycbKY 3eMJIIO (l)K .no Jlbnoaa, npMrHaB 3ai,nTM aeJIMKe 6araTCTBO SIK a JIIO)J,RX, TaK i ,npMalliHiH xy.no6i. BiH B3RB TaKO:>K l.JMMaJIO 3aMKiB, iHllli cnaJIMB, noa'SI3aB }' nyTa DOHa.l( 4000 flOJIOHeHMX. noTiM poKy

1282 JIMTBa 3 SITBSifaMM D,nepJlaCSI )J,O JlJ06JliHCbKOI3CMJii i

BOIOBaJIM 1115 .l(HiB, BMBeJIM

.l(O

CBO€I3CMJli 't.J'MMaJlO n'SI3HiB. KOJlM npo Qe

.z:toai.naacg JlelliKO 'Y:opHMH, TO BMixaa 3 KpaKoaa, $lKHaMlliDM.z:tllle 3i6panlliM aiHCbKO, H PYlliMB .no Jli06JiiHCbKOI3eMJii, ane ui

14 000 so poria B:>Ke ni.ncry-

nMJIM. To.z:ti BiH no6at.JMB aHreJibCbKe BM,niHH$l, T06To ca. MMxaiJia, $lKMM HaKa3yBaB $lKHaHlliBM):(llle J'HaTM BOporiB, o6iQSIIOl.JM llOMOITM ):(0C$lfH)'TM nepeMorM. I TaK cTanocg. BiH Ha3.z:torHaB soporia Mi:>K HapesoM Ta HiMaHOM i TaM .z:tomeHry p03rpOMMB. KycanM BOporiB HaBiTb llCM, KOTpMX BOHM BMBCJlH 3 Jiro6niHCbKOI 3eMJii pa30M 3 ixHiMM rocno,nap.SIMM. To.z:ti 6ys 36y.z:tosaHMH B JlJ06JiiHi KOCTbOJI CB. MMXaiJia. noTiM JIHTBa, ai6paB11IM 6iJibllle BiHCbKO, Hi)K paHillle, PYlliHJia B noxm Ytum6a 1.1epe3 nicM, 1.1epe3 JlyKOBCbK}' 3eMJIJO. BoHM npHHlliJIH qepea ceJla .z:to CaH- J1W6y 6010E .l{OMMpcbKoi 3eMJii H: B't.JMHHJIM aeJIMK}' lliKO.z:tY .SIK y JIIO.z:t.SIX, TaK i xy.no6i. KoJIH

)I(

JlelliKO .z:tosi.z:tasc.s~ npo HHX, To PYlli"B 3 sii1:cbKOM 3a HHMM. JlMTBa, no-

6at.Jl1BlliM 3a co6o10 noroHIO, yaiHlliJia i3 a.z:to6111.Jl.JIO y rycTHM Jiic. TaM BOHM Yl.um6ami6 J1W6y npHB '.SI3aJIM noJioHeHMX .z:to .z:tepea, TaKo:>K i 3,no6111.1, BHlllHK}'BaJlMC.SI i1: BH- poJ6UJiu crynHJIH 3 Jiicy, 3.l.{iHMaiOl.JH CTpa11IHH:i1: KpHK, i B,napHJIM Ha Ta6ip JlemKa 'Y:opHoro Ha MicQMHi, KOTPY 3B}'Tb PoaHiHa. JlemKo, MaiO't.JM .z:to6py cnpasy, aii1:11IODC$l 3 aoporaMH, BMBiB 3 Jiicy. PoKy

1285 JlemKo

(c. 67) poa611a i po3rpoMHB lx, a aecb noJioH

Ha.nas BeJIMKi BOJibHOcTi KpaKiBCbKMM Mi~.qaHaM,

}' aipHOCTi .SIKMX BiH nepeKOHaBCSI; BiH OTOl.JHB MiCTO BaJlaMH Ta M}'pOM, a6y.l(}'BaB }'KpinJieHH.SI, a MiCbKi cnpaBH .l{Op}''t.JHB CaMHM HiMQ.SIM, mo6 Ti y 3BMl.Ja.SIX, ri.l{HOCTi, 0.z:($l3i, llOXO,l()KeHHi 6yJIJ-I piBHi lllJI$lXTi. PoKY 1287, y rpy.z:tHi Mic.s~ui, 3Hoay Hanana Maca TaTap 3 TMMH )I( csoiMH uap$lMH Hora€M i TeJie6yroiO HaJ1I06JiiHCbK}' 3eMJIJO i Ha Maaosi10, noTiM i Ha CaH,noMHpcbKy, C€pa.z:t3bKy i1: KpaKiBCbK}' aeMJii, sorHeM i Mel.leM npoHlliJIHC.SI .no caMHX TaTp. BoHH norpa6ysan11 :H nonaJIHJIH q11MaJIO 3aMKiB, TiJibKH 3a pycbKOIO nopa.z:tOIO He 3aMMaJil1 KJI.SilliTOpy Ha JlHciM ropi, ane CKpi3b .l(OBKOJia llOll}'CTOllll1JIH i Bl.JHHMJIH He3JiiqeHHY WKO,ny. JlelUKO qopHHH He Mas CMJI .l(JI.SI si.z:tciqi. TOM}' BTiK .z:to Yrop~.qMHH. A K }'HiryH.z:ta, .np)':>KHHa EoJiecJiaaa CopoM'$l3Jil1Boro, 3 cecTpoiO KoHcTaHUi€10 i ciM.n.ecRTbMa qepH11UJIMH i3 CoH.z:teQbKOro KJI.SIWTopy 3 iHlliHMM cs.s~meHHKaMH BTeKJIM Ha ropy ll€HiHH i TaM :>KHJIH npoT.s~roM ycboro 'lacy TaTapcbKoro HamecT.SI. A TaTapM noaepH}'JIHC.SI Ha3a,l( TiJibKH niCJI.SI TOI'O, .SIK 3aBOIOBaJIH 6araTO KpaiH i 3a6pa.IIH 3 co6010 JIIO):(e:i1: i BeJIHK}' 3A06H't.J, CaMMX .z:tiB'IaT BOHH 3a6pa.IIH

113

'iJOJZbHOCmi l(ptlJ(f6cb~ .Mi~H

KHHrA I 20 000, He I<aJKy'1H npo iHIJJHH npOCTOJIIO~; cyM He .z:tae MO)KJIHBOCTI fOBDpHTH i1 nucaTH npo Qe.

Cmpaumuil J.top nic/lSl ZQJioUy

'Diimamap 6 omp!J拢HHi

Ylum6a HOIQIU(fl拢

6ii)g Ha c6lJ10 tOJto8y

'l(pfle.ziy.Af.

y 'BpoWUJDi

Poey 1288 nicJUI TaTapcbKoro aaBOIOBaHH.R JleiJJKO lJopHHH npuixaB no KpaKoBa, .z:te a Bo>Koro .z:tonyJneHH.R i1 BH}'TpimHix yco6Hl.\b 6yB CHJibHHH ronon, 6ina H HecTa'la. TaM JiemKo noqaB cna6waTH cunaMH, aaxBopis i no路 Mep. BiH 6yB ypo'IHCTO noxoBaHHH y KOCTboni CBSITOi TpiiiQi y niBiH qacTHHi xopy. a Qe MicQe BiH o6paB co6i Jne aa >KHTT.R. BiH noMep B ocTaHHiH ~eHb cepnH.R 1289 poey. TiicnH 1..\bOro ronony 6ys npoT.RroM ,ll.nox poKiB Mop y lJexii Ta HiMeq'lHHi, a Qe CTaJIOCH qepea WK~HBe 3W.R, IJ.(O uoro JIIO,li.H IJIH 3aMicTb xni6a. Oco6nuso CHJihHHH 6ys roJIO~ y t..Iexii, ~e, .RK nHwyrb, MaTepi iJIH csoix ,ll.heii. Y QeH >Ke qac TaTapH BorosanH fpeQiiO ii yropChi<}' aeMJIIO. A noTiM, if.zzy~nl ,li.O pyci, BOHH BHpi3a.JIH 3 HHX JIIO,li.CbKi cepQH, BMMO'IYBa.JIH y CHJibHiH oTpyri u KJia.JIH ,li.O BO,li.H. ATi, ~o nHJIH QIO Bo~y. aapiDKa.JIHC.R si,ll. Hei i noMHpanu. T o,ll.i >K JIHTBa 3 pyce10 Ta npyecaMH i >KM}',li.HHaMH B,ll.epJIHeH B J(o6)KHHebK}' aeMJIIO i TaM y6HJIM 3000 JIIO,ll.eH, B3SIJIH neJIHK}' 3,li.06aq, Piq IToenoJIH路 Ta 6yJia BpiDKeHa 3 KO)KHoro 6oKy TaK, ll(O H eaMi MOHapxH qepe3 eBoi Hearo,li.H He MorJIM 1..\bOMY ,ll.aTM pa,ll.y. AJie foenO,ll.b Bor 3MHJiyBaBCSI Ha,ll. IToJibll(eiO, i Bee Qe eaMo noqano Bu_zyxaTH, KOJIH JIHTOBebKOro KHSI3.R y6HB iioro 6paT Tpoi!!HaT (Strojnat), a Tpoi!!HaTa- BoiiweJIK, a BoiimeJIKa- pyebKMH KHH3b Jles, a Bee Qe I I (c. 68) 3apa,rt;H ena;t;I.I.\HHH: 3I"O,li.OM Ld enpaBH eaMi noqanu aaenoKOIOBaTHeSI. IToTiM 1288 poK)' feHpiK, npo3BaHHH llpo6yc, eTan ,li.OMOBJISITHe.R 3 ,ll.yxoBHHMH oeo6aMH. BiH 3acuyaaB KOeTbOJI Ca. XpeeTa y Bpol.\JlaBi, ,li.O,ll.aB IJ;bOM)' KOeTbO.T.I}' npeKpaeHHH ?COAeziyM, a aa eso10 M'HKieTb BiH 6ys 3aKJIMKaHMH HiMIJ;SIMJil Ha KOpOHHY MOHapxiro, npo 1.1.\0 6y,ll.e HJii.IK'Ie.

f E H PI K, npo3BaHHH rr p 0 E

y c

Ca.M.u.M. HiMtyl.M aopyzu81(!UO"li 8W CtnOJlUY,i .9letu1(9 fl{opHuu, 8ouu Jfe, npazuyzu 8uK[Jymumu Ha Humy,i Cnpa8u noJlJU(j8, o6a.Jlu npo c8oi;r Hi.My,i8, ']J[ym Jfee mu;ro BHozi !Teupil(fl fJnpo8aiJu.Jlu 'Do .Micma npomu Bolli CJla8Hu~ ceHamopi8, 'Eo moil, ;ww .M.a8 6u 6ymu 1(9poJLe.M., 6y8 iJiDuze.M J aa&i;r npeih(j8. ']J[a JpaUuU1Q! 8JMU zopy, !TeHpi1(mpu.Mae {)ep:HCa8y, 'DiiJuze.M. nozopOy8a.Jlu, a.Jle ueoofko mpu8ae mupaHCm8o. Ca.M.i ciAeJy,i He8()o8Ji ompyi.Jlu !lTpo6yca, 'Eo y uvo.My iumuu mumyJL, iumy cnpa8y BiihyJLu, I I (c. 69) r.Biu zy,e 3a JfCUmftUl ;uo6u8 ~mpy Jpa(}y, fll(fl iiozo i npug8eJLa ao c.M.epmi.

114

KHMrA I

PoKy Bi,n; Pi3,n;Ba rocno,n;Hboro 1290

rmpi1c,

a6o ~pHx, np03BaHHH J1po6yc, BpOI+JiaBCbKHH KHJ13b, 6ys o6paHHH Ha llOJibCbK)' MOHapxiiO TaKHM 'IHHOM. no CMepTi JlemKa l..J:opHoro Cepa,n;3bKe KHJI3iBCTBO npHna.nano iioro 6paTY JloKOTKf, KOTPOMf, npHpo,n;Ho, ,nicTaBanacb TaKO)K nicJUI 6paTa i noJibChKa MOHapxiH . .AJie KpaKiBChKHH €llHCKOll flaBeJI pa30M 3 pH~apCTBOM :HeJzoiJa KpaKiBCbKoi i CaH.ZJ;OMHpChKoi JeMeJib o6pam1 MOHapxoM MaJoBe~hKoro nOJ!bCI>I(_~ KHSI3R Eonecnasa, KoHpa,n;osoro 6paTa, i ,nanH HOMf B 'ixaTH .no KpaKiBchKoro JaMKY ii MicTa. O,n;Ha':le KpaKiBChKi Mii~aHH, 6oR'IHCh, ~o6 EoJiecnaB cysopo He noMCTHBCH iM Ja Te, w;o BOHH BOIOBanH npoTH iioro 6paTa KoHpa.n;a, nocnan:H,ZJ;O BpOIVIaBCbKOro KHH3H r eHpiKa, o6iQHI01.J:H HOMf llOJibChK}' MoHapxiio. KoJIH )K feHpiK npHixas, To Mi~aHH BnycTHJIH iioro y KpaKiB. EonecnaB MfCHB Bi,ncrynHTH i3 JaMKY 3 senHKHM rHiBOM, KIDKY'tJ:H, ~o iioro CIO.ZJ;H 3anpOCWIH He Ha npeCTOJI, aHa BiHHy. feHpiK, ynopSI.ZJ;KyBaBillH CBOI cnpasH y KpaKoBi, BHpymHB .no Bpoi+JiaBa. Y ~eli ':lac cep~3hKHH KHH3h Bna,n;HcJiaB JloKOTOK, KoTpOMf HaJie)Kana noJihCbKa MOHapxiH no cMepTi HOrO 6paTa JlemKa l.JopHOrO, B3HB Ha llOMi'tJ: BeJIHKOllOJibCbKHX KHSI3iB i np:H6ys .no KpaKoBa. feHpiK, OTPHMaBm:H npo n;e .n;ocroBipHf 3BiCTKf, noCJias Ha o6opoHf KpaKosa JierHH~hKoro KHH3H feHpiKa i cnoTaBCbKoro KHHJjl TimeM:HCJiasa. JloKOTOK JiTKH}'BCjJ 3 HHMH 6i.nH CeBopa i po3rpoMHB ix, np:H'tJ:OMf TaM 6ys y6HTHH CHH rJIOriBCbKOrO KHSI3SI i CaM CllOTaBCbKHH KHSI3b DOJieCJiaB 3 BeJIHKOIO KiJibKicTIO iHIIIHX pHn;apCbKHX JIIO.ZJ;eH. JIOKOTOK 3HOBY JaB' jl· JaB 6nTBY i3 cine3~HMH, po36HB ix, noixaB .no KpaKoBa i oBono.n;iB HK nepeMo)Ke~h MicToM i JaMKOM. O,n;HaK Ilpo6ycHe JacnoKoiBCjl, 3HOBY TaeMHO llOCJiaB BiHCbKO 3 JierHH~bKHM KHH3eM, i tforo KpaKiBChKi MiiD;aHH Ta€MHO

115

IQI.IlJi8 upeJ MOHapl{jiO

KHUrA I

!TeHpil(. <l{em8epmuu FWMep

snycTHJIH ~0 MicTa. JlOKOTKa )I( yHaCJiiAOK QbOrO Jie~Be He CXOllHJIH )I(HBQeM, ane iioro, nepeo~nrHeHoro B qepHeqy pHcy 3 KamolllOHOM, MOHaxH<f>paHnHcKaHQi THXeHbKO BHOfCTHJIH 3a MicbKHii Myp. IHaKma )lOJISI BHnaJia pnQapcTBY JloKOTKa: o~HHX y6HJIH, iHIIJHX cxonu;m mHBQeM, npH'lloMy cepeA HHX 6ys i KpaKiBCbKHM €nHcKon llasen. YKpinHBIIJ11 MicTo ii aaMoK, ciJie3Qi 3Hosy nonepH)'JI11Cb AO feHpiKa, ane 3HaMIIJJIH i1oro B)l(e xsoporo. feHpiK noMep, He naHYBaBum i poKy, 6ys noxoBaHHH y Bpoi.VIaBi. I I (c. 70)

TIIIIEMHCJIAB

,l(PYrMH

rtfacmuny KPPOHJ-tU?(Je!vteAv, JUQJ Bmpamu8 6y8 15oAecAa8 CMillu8uu, 'ljeii .Monap?C no8epny8, Bin ziiJnuu 8e.nu1(9i ?C8Mu. g][oii 6y8 8eAu1(uu KPPO.!lb, 1ljo .MyJK:nicm10 tzacmuny XPponu Bmpamu8, J-fe .Menmuu 6y8 i geu, 1(9mpui1 'tecnoma.Mu i'i no8epny8: rtfecnoma.M.u, Jt1(j. c.!lyJK:amb fJuoamnu.M. 1(9poA.fl.M, .9i.Jle neoofko 8onu C.!lY:JICamb 8eAU1(u.M. .My:JICa.M, 'Eo ;gpaiJo10 uow 6yAo y6unw na cAa8H.o.My 6enl(!-mi. 3 "lecnomu 8upoCJZ.a ;ga;giJpicmv, ma1( 8ona na cBim J 5l8AJ1-BmbcJt. OmJK:e, o6epeJK:no i1 y8aJK:no 8Aammo8yume 6enl(!-mu, :MoJK:no8.na()gi, 8iihy8aume 8 HU?( 8eAUKJJ ne6eJneK!J. rt[epe;g nu?(;gazuny8 Xjp i CJZ.a8H.ui1 Mai(!-OOH.JlHUH, rt[epe;g ge i 9J[po5L JHaUlU.!la c8o10 nozu6e.!lb y oa&iu 8i1G I I (c. 71)

116

KHHrA I

PoKy Bi,n; Pi3)J;Ba rocnO)J;HbOro 1292 ITo cMepTi feHpiKa ITpo6yca nocrynnJIHC.SI lwro 6niDKHi KpaKiBCbKMM MiCTOM i JaMKOM KHRJJO BenHKO'i ITonbi.I.d .9/ol(pmo'( 8010€ f1meMHCJia8y, a JloKOTOK no npHpo.n.HoMy npa8y 83R8 co6i CaH,ll,OMHp. BiH J !Tlw.e.Mu.n.nsHnM cnoco6oM nepecni.n.ysas Koponn ITmeMHcnasa i Hana.n.as Ha Hboro CJia8o.M 3a MoHapxiJO, a KopoJib ITmeMMCJlaB M}')KHbO si.n.611oasc.H. IJ.ei1 ITmeMHCJiaB, .H.KOfO 60.SIJIHC.SI BCi cyci,l.l.Hi KHR3i, ni1JlbHO o6epiraB KOp,ll,OHH CBOEI 3eMJii M po3m11p11n lx. 0).J.HaK 6paH).J.eH6yp3bKi MapKrpa<}lM, ni).J.6ypeHi t.IeCbKHM KoponeM BaQnasoM, su6panu cnymHHM t.Iac, I<OJIH Koponh 3i cooiM pHQapCTBOM s ).J.eHb cs. ,l(opoTH 6ys HanamTo8aHHH Ha MHPHHM na.n., i 3HeHaQbKa HananH Ha Hhoro. To).J.i s o6opoHi Kopon.SI non.Hrno t.IHMaJIO BOHKiB. BpeniTi

6yno s6HTO i1 caMoro Kopon.H. ITmeMucnaoa, .H.KHM naHYoao He 6inhm HK ciM MiCRQiB. Y Qei1 t.Iac onoJibCbKMM i 6MTOMCbKMM KH.SI3b Ka3HMMp, He MaiOt.IM )I(O.lJ.HOI TPHBOrH t.IM noTpe6M, 3a6ynm11 npo CBOE KH.SI3iBChKe noxo.n.)l(eHH.SI, ~0 BiH HOfO BiB 3 llOJlbCbKHX KoponiB, ni.lJ.).J.aBC.SI t.IeChKOM)' KOpOJieBi. Y TaKHH cnoci6 OnoJibChKe Ta EHTOMCbKe KHn3iBCTBO 6yno BiMiJieHe Bi.n. ITonh~i. [(horo )I( poey Maca TaTap Hanana Ha Jli06niHCbKY Ta CaH).J.OMMpchKY 3eMni. BoHH 3a6pan11 6araTo JIIO.n;e:M Ta xy.n;o611 i 3Hat.IHO nocna6MJIM CMJIY JlOKOTKa, KOTpHM 6ys caH.ll.OMMpCbKMM KHR3eM. Y Qei1 t.Iac BTiK 3 Yrop~MHM .n;o f1oJihi.I.(i AH).J.)I(eM, pi.ll.HHH 6paT yropcbKoro Kopon.H. Bna.n;HcJiaBa. A.JJ.e yropQi, HaHH.H.Ti iioro 6paTOM, 3Hai1mnH CJIYlllHMH t.IaC, CXOllHJIM HOfO i BTOllHJIM y piqQi HH).J.i; BiH 6yB llOXOBaHHH y CoHt.IY cs. KyHiryH.ll.OIO. IToxosasmM iioro, i caMa KyHiryH.n;a, Koponesa seJJMKO'i CBRTOCTi, noMepna i 6yJJa nox oBaHa y CoH,l.l.ei:(hKOM)' KJI.HmTopi. BoHa, RK CBi.n;qaTb iCTOpHKM, i no CBOIH CMepTi TBOpMJJa BeJJHKi qy.n;eca: BOCKpeCMJia BiCiM,l.l.eC.H.T llOMepJJHX. 3aB,ll,.SIKM II npoxaHHRM np03piJJO miCT,ll,eCRT CJJilli1X, O.ll.Y)I(aJIO rnicTCOT XBOpMX, BOHa BM3BOJIMJia n' .H.T)J;eC.H.T B' .H.3HiB. f1oTiM poKy 1293 JIMTOBChKHM KH.H.3b BiTeHb, KOJIH iioMy He no~acTH JJO B f1pyccii, 3i6paB 2000 BiMCbKa, 3 KOTpHM Ta€MHO ni.ll.CryTIHB y CBRTKOBMH ).J.eHh ,ll,O JleHqHI:(i, .n;e 6araTO JIIO,l.l.eH y KOCTbOJii, RK .ll.YXOBHMX, TaK i CBiTCbKMX, y6HB i B3.SIB y llOJIOH, 3aXOllMB TaKO)I( i cpi6He HatJHHHH. JleHqMI:(bKMH KH.SI3h nepeKpHB HOM)' mnnx Ha.ll. piKoiO E3ypoiO no6JIH3Y Coxaqysa y Tpo~IHOBi, a iHmi nHlll}'Th - B )l(yKosi; TaM niH .n.as 6MTBY, aJie nepesa)l(aiOqMMH CMJiaMH JIHTBMHiB 6yn nepeMO)I(eHMH i B6MTMH. f1iCJI.H. HbOfO caH,l.l.oMMpCbKMH KHSI3b JloKOTOK I I (c. 72) no npHpo.n.HoMy npasy eTas neHqJ1I:(hKMM KH.SI3eM. Aile BiH He MaB Ha~a.n;Ka, a mapnaHHHa 3 ycix 6oKiB .lJ.OBKOJia o6paHHSI HOBOfO naHa Ha npeCTOJI TpMBaJia ~e KiJibKa poKiB.

B A L( JI A B, v

qecbKMM KOpOJib

Yl.:Hc iJo wei{} 'leCt?l(pZO .MoH-ap~a tJ3alj,!la6a !!To 6ciu Cap.Mamii 1(9pouwi iJep:J~CafJu !Tpomi po6Wlu Ji UlKJJP g8ipi6,

117

;a npecmOJL

9Tw.e.Muc.!Ul8a 86umo

1/Tamapu 8 9ToJLt>Uji

Yzopct>I(!JZO I(!Jpo11e.8u7.a fitHihN:~

ymoTI.IleHo

CD. 'J(yHizyiWa no.Mep11a l'l{yiJe.ca c8. '}(yHi· zyHilu

.9lumo8ct>IQJU IQ(JlJb 'Bi· mtHb 6010€

9TOJiblljY

KHHrA I

I £t.ma1(oopozo 8a:HCUJtu, Jl1(nuni cpi6ni zpomi. l~moOi naJU8Mu acnepziJI.Jul.Mu (aspergifCami),

'llje, ne8no, npo pyay 6 ge.MJ~,i ne JHa.!lU. '13aJIC1(fJ 6yM 6 mi 'lacu g6upamu C1(flp6u, $o, gaMiauz.BitJmu, IJonu na6y6Mu inUUJi (Jap6u. $aza'ly, a.mcyu $ozy, ~0 mo6i 'Bin aae ~umu Ha ciJimi '13 nunimHiu 'lac, 1(f1Jtu min.o1(Jt m6etj,b gi ut1(Jfpow znemoCJI.. !j(pJICHa pi'l oopoza 6yM 6 mi oa6ni 'lacU, Jfuni ga IJce ne~au 6yoe C~ta6ne iM Jr. !Tocnoihu.

(c. 73) PoKy Bi,D; Pi3;J;Ba Eo)Koro 1297 qecbKHH KopOJib Bai..VIaB, CHH OrroKa-

pa, 6}'B np1-n1H.stTMH Ha noJibChKe KOpoJiiBCTBO, a.ne H t.Iepe3 ~e .n:osro TpMBa.Jia He3rO).{a Mi)K KH.si3HMM, OC06JIHBO 3 caH.ZJ:OMHpCbKHM Ta JICHtiMQbKHM KH.st3eM BJia)l.HCJiaBOM JIOKOTKOM, KOTpHH 3 HHM OOT)')KHO BOIOBaB 3a npeCTOJI i t.JHMaJio 3a6pas y Hboro JaM KinTa .n:ep)KaB. AJie BaiJ.JiaB 3i6panc.st .n.o YropmHHH i PHMY i, .n.icTaswH 3ai.n.n1 .n:onoMory, t.JacTo t.tHHMB Hana).{H Ha OoJibll()', BHacJii.D.OK t.Joro onaH}'BaB TaKHMI13aMKaMH 11: MicTaMM, .stK OiJibUe, BicJii~e i JieJJyn, a TaKO)K iHillMMH roJIOBHHMH, cis Ha npecToJii KpaKiBCbKOi

.n.ep)KaBM. 0oTiM, fiOCHJIHBlllH CBOIO BJia)l.y, BiH O.D.py)KHBCH 3 llOJibCbKOIO (Rysse) . Uei1 BauJias, t.teCbKH(I i noJJbCbKHH KopoJih,

'Ba!Yia6 .n:i.ZJ:Ht.JKOIO PHccoiO

"'e;r;ji

Janpo6aiJu6 MOHem!J 6 ~0./lb~i

HacaMnepe.n. 3anpoaa,u.HB y OoJih~i cpi6Hy MOHeTy, To6To rporui qechKi. U.s~ MOHeTa i1 ,D,OHHHi xo,D,HTb y KpaKincbKiH 3eMJii, a paHirue Ha peMiHHHX ruryqKax BH6HBa.JIH .stKiCh cpopMH i HHMH p03paxonyBaJIHCH, TaK HK HHHi cpi6HHMl1 rpiruMH, a 3BaJIH ix acnpeoJiaMH (aspreolami). 3a t.Jacin naHynaHHH UhO-

118

KHMrA I ro KopoJIH KpaKiB 6yJio oTot~eHo MypoM. BaQJiaB 6ys o6paHHH TaKO:>K nep· IliHM KYP<PIOPCTOM, 6ys Ha s116opax iMnepaTopa ni.n HiMeQuKoro pai1xy, Ha ~.qo € JIHCT si,n iJ\.mepaTopa Py.u.oJibcpa, KoTpnM siH .u.opyt~a€ Bal.J,Jiasy IliHH· KOBCTBO. Uei1 KopOJih naHysan TPHHa)J.QHTb poKiB, a noTiM, y 1305 poQi, noMep. MaiOtiH TPH.U.UHTb tiOTHPM pmm. Bys noxosaHMH y Bpol.J,Jiani a t!exil.

BJIA,l(HCJIAB

JIOKOTOK

Jle8uco1(uu Jl iJiucuo 6y8 no c8oiu npupoiJi, 9JTa ~o-z i Ma.!Luu 11a Jpicm, J Be!luJ(u./11-u 6u8CJl c.MinuBo. J{e Jzai}y10 mym, Jl1(Jl 6u8 -zetf-8 i npycca~(j8 I J 1(!:£>lJe.M !TeOu.Mino.M, .llum8una.Mu rna pyca1(_a.Mu, Ca.My rfopmyny nepe.Miz, J Jl-1(910 8i8 6umBy, rzfopnuu nim cmiw6 J .Meue, KfJ!lU mu~ i y,u~Jl mo~ g}[pu-zi 8mpa-za6 npecmo.ll, Me -zepeJ me6e, r.EeJl.JlOHO, JH08y ciiJa(} 1la '1-lbOZO Ji Jl-la.M.euumo10 C!la6ow. gj[ou M-yJK M-ycumv .M-amu 8-e.lluKg. cepy,e, 6yfhuu .MMu.M., gj[ou M-yJK, zy,o y6u8 !ToJLUuja, 8-iu 6y8 M-Mu.M., rna c.M-i.Jz.u8u.M. ')'.!lice poJ6u8 zo!lo8y 8e.llu1(SJ.My 8e.llemH1o, 001la1( 8iu nepe.M-iz !lwiJuuy, a Jl Jfle ty,actn.5l. II (c. 74)

PoKY B~ Pi3JJ;Ba rocnO,ZJ;a XpHcTa 1306 BJia.AHCJiaB JloKOTOK niCJIH Hell(aCJm:BHX DpHI'O~ Ta HeMHH}"'HX BHDCJ,AKiB, KOTpi 3BINaMHO TparuUIIOTbC$1 Ha UIJUIX}' pH· QapcbKHX ~is, 3aHHHB npecTOJI lloJibCbKOro xopoJiiscTsa. Bin o,n;pasy

119

KHHrA I Ylol(9mol( ~horo poK}' Ji6pan BiMCbKO npoTH rnoriBCbKOro 8ol06

Ci.lttJiiO Cine3il0,

KHH3H feHpiKa M pywHB Ha

DOBOIOBaB ~10 3eMJIIO BOrHeM Ta Me'IeM B3)1,0B)K

i BnonepeK.

i HixTo He 'IMHMB MOM}' onopy. Mi* TMM .li.PY*""a JloKOTKa Hapo.zr.HJia MOM}' cnua, HKoro Ha3aann Ka3nMnpoM )l:pyrnM, y MicTe"'K}' Koaan10 Ha KyHsax. Ili3Hime, y

1311 pou;i, rJioriBCbKMH KHH3b feupiK llOMep i

6yn DOXOBaHUM y

Jll06ycbKOMf KOCTbOJii. lliCJIH iioro CMepTi pHI..(apcTBO 3i6pa.JIO CeMM y fH€3Hi

i ni,zu(aJIOCJl JlOKOTKy, norop)J.MBillM CMHaMM feHpiKa. TipOTM l.(bOfO BMCryDMB O)J.MH ll03HaHCbKMH Mil.l.{aHMH, HKOrO 3BaJIM IJweMeK; l.(eM BI1)J,aB IJo3HaHb fJIOriBCbKMM KHSI3SIM, 3aMHSIB BeJIMKMM KOCTbOJI, CllaJI11B 6y.li.MHKM Ka-

A KOJIM MOro 6yno BMrHaHo noJihCbKMM pMI..(apcTBOM, TO nposMuy 3a u:e noKJianM I I (c. 75) Ha

HOHiKiB, y6ua no3HaHCbKoro apxi.zr.uSIKOHa MMKOJiaSI.

003HaHCbKMX Mi~aH: IU06 )KO)J,eH IXHiM CMH He 6ys DOCTaBJICHMM Ha noca-

JJ.Y aHi npe6CH)J,M, aHi KaHOHiSI np11 )1(0)J,HOMY KOCTbOJii, )J,C € KaHOHiKM. PoK}' 1312 KpaKiBCbKMM BiMT BoMI..(ex 3i CB0€10 pa,no10 HCB.li.H'IHO nocTaBMBCSI ,l(O KOpOJISI JlOKOTKa 3a Te, IUO TOM 3a)J,JIH BiMHM o6TH)I(yBaB npOCTOJIIO,l( BeJIMKMMM .zr.aHMHaMM, He Kapaa noTpia 3a 36MTKM "'M 3JIO.ZI.iMCTBO. Biu yquHMB 3Mosy 3 onoJibCbKMM KHSI3eM EonecnasoM, mo6 BM.ll.aTM MOMY MicTo KpaKis. Kon11 ononhCbKMM KH.SI3h npulxaa

.u.o KpaKosa, TO MimauM anycTM-

JIM Moro .zr.o MicTa; aiu B3SIB MicTo, ane 3aMOK He a.zr.anoc.SI B3.SITM. KoJiu JloKOTOK ~e noqya, TO XOTiB 06JIO)KI1TU MiCTO KpaKiB, aJie qepe3 nocepe.zr.HMKiB BOHM noMMpHnHcsr. OnonbCbKMM KH.SI3b noKJiaa npoBHHY 3a u:e ua 'Xpal(j8c&1(ozo

KpaKiBchKOro aiiiTa i noKMHYB MicTo. A KOpOJih JloKoTOK 3a6paa TO,n;i 6iuma CIQlH!JIIU J yp.Ri)y BiiiTiBCbKi .zr.ep)l(aBH, KOTpHX TOM MaB TO.ll.i )J.OCHTb, a BCiX BMHyBaTHX CTpaTMB; 3 BiiiTiBCbKOrO .li.OM)' BiH 3aCHyBaB 3aMOK, .zr.e llOCTaBMB o6opouy i Be)l(y CB. MHKOJiaSI, llOCTaBMB TaM rapHiJOH i MaB CllOKiM.

3 l.(bOrO qacy BiHT y)Ke

He o6upaB KpaKiBCbKOI pa.zr.H , a TiJihKM Micl.(eBM.H BO€BO.ZJ.a. 'Be.JI.ul(_uu zonoa cepea

Y QeH qac

6ya TaKM.H CMJibHMM rOJIO.ll. y IJOJibiL(i, 1.1.{0 MaTepi nOI)J.aJIH

1110iJeii caoix .n;iTeii, iHmi * inu CJIY*HHI..(h. fono.n; anas He TiJibKM ua JIIOJI.eH, a i m8apuH

ii ua

BOBKiB Ta iHWMX TBapMH, KOTpi 3acrynaJII1 liiJI.SIX JllO)l..SIM, KM.,ll.aJIMC.SI Ha HMX i DO)KHpaJIM IX.

.'llol(pmo1(

KonM JloKOTOK B)Ke oTpMMaB rrpecTOJI nicn.SI rJioriacbKoro KHSI3.SI, TO .zr.icTaB Mup i noqaa aecTH rreperoaop11 3 iumHMH rrauaMM Ta €DMCKonaMM,

npu6opl(a8 1.1.{06 iioro noMa3aJIH Ha OoJibCbKC KoponiBCTBO; TaKO)I( BiH 3)l.o6ys nono.Mop.RH

MOpCbKY 3CMJIIO, KOTPY B:>Ke 6ys onaHysaa npycchKMM MaricTp. BiH 3BepH)'BC.SI ,l(O narrM, 1.1.{06 TOM HOro DOMa3aB, aJie nepe,l( UMM rrp1160pKaB DOMOpSIH MY*HiCTIO i1 po3yMoM, i mopoKy BOHM MYCMJIM crrnaqysaTH iioMy .n:aHHHY no TPH.li.UHTb TMC.SJtl 3JIOTI1X. PoKy

1320

Bna.u.Mcnas JloKOTOK 3i CB0€10 .li.PY*MHOIO JI.n:airo10, .zr.oq-

KOIO KaJiiChKOrO KHSI3R EonecJiaBa, 6yB DOMa3aHMH y KpaKiBCbKOMy 3aMKY 'J(ppo11i8cb~

.Micye

y '}(pa1({)8i

Ha OoJihChKe KoponiBCTBO ii KopoHoBaHMH rH€3HeHChKHM apxiErrHCKOnoM 5IuymeM.

Qhoro qacy B 3aMKY B KpaKoBi E npHsinei1oBaHe Micue,

npH3Ha1..JeHe )l.JISI ITOMa3aHHSI KOpOJiiB. llpH UbOMY 6yn11 1..Jl1MaJIO DOJibCbKMX naHiB Ta EDMCKOlliB i npocTOJIIO.li.Y, a pauime KOpOJiiB KOpOHYBaJIH

y fHE3Hi.

120

KHMrA I llOTiM, y

1325 po~i, JIOKOTOK, 6al.Jaqu DeJIUKi lllKO)J.H Bi)J. JIHTOBChKHX

KHSI3iB, B'I.{HHeHi IXHiMH K03aKaMI1 y ilOJih~i, nopOAUqaBCSI 3 ~HMH KHSI3.RMI1, IIOCJiaBllll1 CBaTiB )J.O JIHTOBCbKOrO KHSI3..R re,nHMiHa, mo6 TOH Bi,lUJ.aB cso10 ,noqKy 3a :Horo CHHa Ka3HMHpa. KoJIH m TaK CTaJIOCR, TO noHa 6y;1a npMBe3eHa .n:o KpaKoBa, oxpemeHa KpaKiBCbKMM enHCKonoM HaHKepoM, iii% 6yJio .n:aHo iM 'R AHHa. OcKiJihKH m JIHTBHHH He MaJia aHi 30JIOTa, aHi Yloi(JJmOI( y npWlJHi cpi6Jia Ha nocar, TO 3aMiCTb ~boro I I (c. 76) BOHH3BiJibHHJIH scix s'R3HiB, J JlUmotJKoTpHx paHillle 3axon11J111 B lloJihmi. TaKom i JloKOTOK .n:o6posiJihHO cbl(u.M I(HltJOt 3BiJihHI1B ycix JIHTOBCbKHX IIOJIOHeHHX.l(i, BI1Hlli0Bllll1 3 yn '..R3HeHHR, noqa- !TeUuMilto.M JIH npa~JOBaTH, ci..RTH, opaTH, KonaTM i .n:o6posiJihHO 3apo6JIRTM XJii6. BoHH nOKHHYJIH rpa6imHH~bKe K03a~TBO i 3 TOrO qacy Ha lli)J.JI.Hillllli, ,ne paHillle 6yJIH nyCTKH, CTaJIH 3aCHOByBaTH CeJia. flOTiM, poey 1326, KOpOJib JlOKOTOK naM'.HTal01.{11 npo B6HBCTBO CBOrO 6paTa KOpOJI..R flllleMHCJiaBa 6paH,n:eH6yp3bl<HMH MapKrpa<PaMH, 3i6paB BeJIHqe3He Bii1chKO i 3 JIHTBH, Pyci Ta llOJihmi, B,n:epc.H B lxHi npoBiH~ii i aorHeM Ta Mel.JeM nonycTOlliHB ix cKpbb, BJ,n:oBm i BnonepeK, a)J( no caM}' piKy O.n:ep,

Ylumlhmu

6J1UIUCJl oo zocno·

iJapcm6a 'J(ppollb Ylol(pmol( 6oJO£ npomu

'Epa~tiJen·

6ypJb1(9ZO

si.n: EpaH,n:eH6ypra .n:o <l>paHK<PYPTa [ Ha O.n:epi]. B3RBUIU TaM BeJIHKY 3,n:o6Mq .Map~pcuft· cm8a(TaM caMHX noJioHeHMX 6yJio 6000), BiH noBepH}'BCH .n:o cnoix 3 TpiyMcpoM. .Mcmumb lloTiM BiH BiB BeJIMKi BiiiHM 3 npyccbKMMM xpecTOHOCQRMM. KoJIH m JO c.Mepm" l(ppOAA xpeCTOHOCQi 6e3npM1.1MHHO B)J.HpaJIHCH )J.O llOJibCbKHX 3eMeJib, TO BOHI11.JH- nwt}.tuCJ!a6a HI1JII1 BeJIHKY UIKo,n:y. KopoJib, o6pa:>KeHuii QiEIO KpHB,noiO, 3i6paB l.JHMaJie sii1:cbKO i1: y rpy.LI.Hi MicHQi 1331 poey B,n:epcH .n:o llpyccbKoi 3eMJii, TaM 3aB'R3aB 6iH 3 BeJIH1.Je3HMM BiHCbKOM HiMeQbKHX xpeCTOHOCQiB i B.JKe 3 nepUIOro pa3y ixHi noJIKH, mo CTOHJIH Ha l.JOJii, po36HB i po3nopolliMB. lloTiM iHUii l.JHMaJii 3arOHU, Ha l.JOJii HKHX CTO..RJIH reTbMaHH rpa<P Pyccep ¢ou flAayeu (Russer de Plawno) i 0TTOH BeJIMKMM 3 EpayH,n:OJibcpa, nepeUIHKyBaBlliMCb, 3HOBY M}')I<HhO JiMIIIJIHCH 3 noJIHKaMH, i 6HTBa Tpnaana ,n:oBro. O,n:HaK HiM~i M}'CMJIH BpeniTi 3JiaMaTHCb. To.n:i 6yJio n6HTO 6araTo xpecTOHOCQiB, caMHX IXHiX TpyniB HapaxysaJIH 40 000. lliCJI..R Qi€i CJiaBHOI nepeMOrH KOpOJib JloKOTOK, npHixaBlllH .n:o lloJihmi, 3axnopia i noMep y KpaKoBi 1333 poKy, aHa npecToJii 3aJIHWHB CHHa Ka3HMHpa BeJIHKoro.

KA3MMI1P

BEJIMKHH

Xmo npuJufJumvCJt Do J1UlMenumu~ cnpafJ tj,bOW 1\PpOM,

3uaiiiJe (} nu~ ~fJa.Jly, ziiJHy 6eJc.MepmHOi c.nafJu. 'Bin DaD npafJa fJim"lUJni, Ja uozo 6i1(JJ '.Boll.Jl. y ~poni DiuUJ.Jta Do JOAom~ tzacifJ. 'Bin 6azamo fiticm o6nic fJeJlUUJnu.Mu .Mypa.Mu, 9({mtpi u Doci npuDamni DJZ.Jl. o6opouu. !JJ[pbo~ 1(opo.~ti6 paJO.M 3 umfJepmu.M, i.Mnepamopo.M, IJ\pJlu 8iu fJuaafJaD ga.Mi:Hc cfJo10 6Hyrt1(JJ, npuzoUJ,afJ ga c6oi.M cmoM.M. 9(opoA'b nomy:HCHuu, CU/l.bHuu i y 6iuui, i 6 .Mupi,

121

nomyxH.a 6um6a J ifP«-mo· H.OC!Yl}otU

npyccal(j8 poJ6umo

KHHrA I tJJape.Mno itow .Maem Jl.Mmu, no6o:HCnuiL 3Bamu itow 8e11.u1(u.M- Be 1(pU8iJa no./l.Jl1(a.M H.eJrt.a.JJ.a, $o UoW MO:HC1ta nag8amu uaulJuUJ,u.M, Ocl\iJloK¥ y n~o.My Mcmiii.na ttect-UJma. II (c. 77)

PoKy Bi,ZJ; Pi3,ZJ;Ba rocno,ZJ;Hhoro 1333

?@JILMUp J~onu8 }'[,IJi$ '}(aJu..Mup ;~onu8

'BoJUJiJu. M.up, .Micmo HG 'lJOJIUHi

K.a311M11p BeJIMKMH, noxosasrrm 6aT&Ka, 3ii1ruos Ha npecTOJI 3a O.D.HOCTai1HOIO 3fO.lJ.OIO ncix. BiH HacaMnepe.z:\ 3acnoKois KOp.D.OHM KoponiscTsa 3 ycix 6oKis, a nopymHMKiB 3aKOH)', J.IKi nomo6JUIJII1 3JIQqJ1Hl1, BMH111I.I;l1B 1 CJIYWHe llOKapaHH.H )J.aBIIIM IM j Ha Mai16yrHE. IToTiM, poKy 1339, siH npH3Ha't:ms i nocTaBHB csoiM cnaAKOEM.QeM y KopoHi ITonbChKii1 OH)'Ka JIIO.D.BiKa Bi.D. cecTpH yropcbKOro KoponH Kapna. IToTiM me, y 1340 po.ui, Ka3HMMP 36poi1Ho BAepc.H Ha Pycb i 3axonMB MicTo JlbBiB, CTOJI11U.IO .Qi€I 3eMJii, Ta BMBiJ 3Bi)J.TM He3MipHi CKap611. floTiM BiH pyIllMB AO BoJIOAMMHpa Ha Bom1Hb i , cnJIIOH.l\pysaBmM iioro, nosepHyBCJ.I 3i csoiM sii1c&KOM JJ.O KpaKoBa. 3Hosy m, 3i6pasum 6iJI&wi Bii1c&Ka, siH pyw11s Ha Pycb i ni.D.KOpHB csoii1.Aepmasi .ui nposiH,uii 3 MicTaMH, .HK-OT: I I (c. 78) ITepeMMlllJib, faJiw.J, Jlosiq, CJ.IHOK, JlyKoB, BoJIO.D.MMMp, Jlro6aqin, Tepe6osJI.H, TycTaHb Ta 6araTo iHmMx, KOTpi i1,noci He Bi.lVlyqaJOTbC.H ni.n KopoHM. IToTiM, y 1348 pou.i, Ka3HMHP nonis enol sii1CbKa Ha Pych i Ti 3aMKM, KOTpi l.l.I;e He BJ.HB, ni,nKopHs co6i. A niCJI.H Toro .HK KaJHMHP BMixas 3 Pyci, nepeMHCbKHM cTapocTa ,ll,amKo (Daszko), .HKoro KaJHMup nocTaBMB HaMiCHHKOM (sprawc~). i l{aHHJIO 0cTp03bKHi1 (z O strowa), TaEMHO npnneJIM TaTap )J.O Pyc&KMX KpaiH; a KOJII1 Ti np116yJIH 3 BeJIHKHM BiMCbKOM, BOIODaJIH npoTH KoponiBCbKMX KH513iBCTB. ITpoTM HHX Ka3MMHP BHpyunfB 3

122

KHMrA I siiicbKOM. BoHH 3iHUIJIHcst 6inst CaH,noM~-tpa: Koponb cTan Ha o,nHoMy 6oui BiCJIH, He ,naiO\IH IM nepenpasHTHCst, a TaTapM 6y;m Ha .npyroMY 601~i. BoHH seJIH nepecTpiJIKY qepe3 Bicny, o,nHi 3 JIYKiB, iHwi 3 ap6a.JieTiB; TaK Koponb 6opoHHBCst, ~o TaTapH Hi,ne He nepenpaBHJIMCst qepe3 Bic.ny. Y ueii qac 6ys y6RTRH 3 nyKa caH,nOMHpcbKHH BOEBo,na 3 ,no My A6,naHK. lloTiM, y 134Y poui, Koponb Ka3HMHP 3i6pas BaJibHHH ceiiM y BicJIHQi, '.Hpa8a Ha stKOMY yxsaJIHB npasa B lloJibCbKiii 3eMJii, Ja KOTpHMH i1 HHHi cy,nHTbOI nOAbC&I(j ma HiMt~&l(j WJIRXTa. BiH TaKO)I( yxuaJIHB y KpaKiBCbKOMf 3aMKY HiMeQbKe npaso MicTa Mar,ne6ypr; caM Koponb o6~-tpaE siiiTa, a ciMox JiaBHHKiB 3 neDHHX MicT KOpOJib .lJ.03BOJIHB 06MpaTli qepe3 npli3Ha'IeHy oco6y. HacrynHoro poKY 6ys y floJib~i semmHii rono,n, ane Ka3MMHP stK xaJstii- ~mauu: ZOMiJy HOBMTHH KOpOJib MaB y KO)I(HOMf MaETKf CTO,lJ.OJIH J1 JaciKI-i 36i>IOKR, ~0 36e- l(ppo/1& TU路 piraB .ZI.JUI Hecno.nisaHHX BHoa.L(KiB. Ocb TaK 3a HeBeJIHKi rpowi JIIO.O.RM noTpo- pea6aVIu8uu xy npo,naBaJIH 36i)K)f(R, ll(06 36epeiTH IXHi )I(HTTSI y 3JIHH qac; a THM, KOTpi He MaJIH rpOUieM, 6yno ll03H\IeHO, ~06 BOHH MOrJIH Bi,n.naTM 3 HOBOrO BpO)I(aiO a6o )I( si,npo6HTM. I TaK ui JIIO.lJ.H Ja 36i)K)IUI 6y.n.ysan11 JaMKH, MYP"路 rpe6ni, KaHaJIH, po6HJIM i1 iHwi piJHi po6oTM, see, ~o HaKa3ysanM. To,ni 36y.nysanR ri,nHJ.tH naM'stTi KaHan 6i.Jist KpaKiBCbKOro Ka3HMHpa, y KoTpHii 6yno BII}'ll'(eHO llOJIOBHHY BiCJIM, a no HbOMf CnJiaBJISIJIH Ha HH3 Ci.Jib Ta ,nepesa. PoKy 1359 .no KaJMMHpa BTiK MOJI,nascbKMM BOEBO.lJ.H\1 CTe<t>aH, BHrHaHHii csoiM MOJIO,nWMM 6paTOM lleTpoM qepe3 KOH<l>JiiKT 3a BanacbKe BOEBO.lJ.CTBO. CTe<t>aH npocRB KopoJISI npo ,nonoMory npoTH 6paTa fleTpa, o6iQRIO\IH KOpOJIIO ni.zui.aHCTBO i Il\OpiqHY ,lJ.aHHHY路 3 QiEi np11qMHH Ka3HMHp Bi,nnpaBMB .no Mon,nasii pRuapcTso 3i csoix JeMeJib: KpaKiBCbKoi, CaH.n.oMHpcbKoi, Jli06JiiHCbKoi i 3 Pyci, II.\06 noca,l(HTH CTe<t>aHa Ha npecToJii. BoHH JaB' stJaJili KiJibKa 6uTB 3 Mon.nasaHaMJ.t ii po36HJIH ix. AJie KOJili MOJI.nasaHu 3aMaHHJIM ix Ja co6o10 .no nicy, TO nosaJIHJIH nic Ha noJibCbKe BiMCbKO, 60 paHiwe MOJI,nasaHM ni,npy6anH KO)I(He ,nepeBO 6iJibWe Hi)l( Ha noJIOBHHy; Tenep )l(e o,nHe .nepeso na,l(ano Ha iHwe, aTe Tstrno iHwe 3a co60io, .nepesa na,l(aJIH Ha JIIO,neii. TaM Jar~-tHyno 6araTo BOstKiB, a pewTa noTpanHJia y nonoH, i ix Ka3HMHP noBHK}'IIOBysas. Alle Hasop TeH'IHHCbKHH, SIKHH, si,n6HBaiOqHcb, YTiK 3 nonst 6o10, niwos .n;o PHMy, eTas .n:yxosHoiO oco6o10 i 6ys KpaKiBCbKMM ,neKaHoM. I I (c. 79) PoKY 1363 noqanaCSI yco6HQst Mj)l( KapnoM l.JeTsepTHM, iMnepaTopoM i qecbKHM KoponeM, TaJIIO,n:BiKoM, yropcbKHM KoponeM, 3 KOTPHM 6ys i ,naTCbKHH Koponb, i nOJibCbKHH KopoJib Ka3HMHp, stKHM ix i noMHpHB. 3a.z:vxst Bi'IHoi npH$13Hi BiH Bi,zmaB JaMj)l{ 3a iMnepaTopa Kapna CBOIO BHY\~Kf EJib)l(6eT)', ,noqKY CTOJibneHCbKOro KHR3st, a Ha seciJIJIS16ynH aanpoweHi Ta.Ki KopOJii: yropcbKHH Koponb JIIO.n;BiK, WieMiHHHK Ka3HMHpa no cecTpi, .n;aTCbKHH KopoJib CHri3M)'H.ll:, KHnpcbKHn Koponb lleTpo, TaKO)I( i KHstai: OTToH BasapcbKHH, CeMOBHT MaJoseQbKHH, BoneCJiaB CBH.n;HHI..\bKHH, Il\O 6ys llJieMiHHHKOM Ka3HMHpa no cecrpi, BJia.L(HCJiaB OnoJibCbKHM Ta \IHMa.JIO iHwMx KHRJiB, naHiB i rpa<J>is. Bci BOHM pa.L(icHo BHixanH a KpaKoBa HaJycTpiq iMnepaTopooi i sci 3 seJIHKOIO nowaHOIO npesiTanH i:foro. Ha3ycTpiq iMnepaToposi BHMWJIH TaKO)I( npouecii 3 .zzyxoseHCTBOM i 3 npocToJIIO.Z(OM, i see ue TpHoano Cl)l( p;o

123

!}{a 6uiMi y 'IJ'POM

XPJu.Mupa i.Mrupamop

i mpu iHUli 1(9pOAi,

6azamo 'Of.RJi6

!TfpOfjUit

KHMrA I C8o6® seqopa. BciM I<OpoJISIM Ta :KHSI3SIM 6yJIH ~aHi oco6JIHBi no:Koi, q11cro npu6paHi, ?\pJu.Mupa 31U4111>HQ

ytma

iJJepiUI(

C8o6oi>HuiJ

'JQ!Rwmopu

Y :KpaKlBCbKOMf 3aMK}'; Ta:KOiK lHWHM y rOCllOAax, ~e MaJIH ,l(OCTaTOK YBCbOMf: 60tJKH 3 BHHOM, OBeC 6yJIH llOCTaBJieHi nepeJJ. J(OMaMH i Bi.JtbHO 6yno KOiKHOM)' 6a>KaiOtJOM}' 6paTH. Ha TpeTiif )J.eHb iMnepaTop Kapn 6pas IWII06 3 KH.HrHHeiO EnbiK6eTOIO y seJIMKOM}' KOCThoJii B 3aMK)'. BiHtJaB ix rH€3HeHCbKMM apxi€nncKon J!poCJiaB y npMCYTHOCTi BCix :KOpoJiiB Ta KHSI3iB. IloTiM Ha 'leCTb KOpOJiiB 6y.1111 llOKa3aHi pi3Hi irp11, neperOHH, 6opOTb6a i cpOK}'CM, XTO 11(0 BMiB. llicJI.SI aaKiH'ieHH.SI qy.n;osoro seciJIJI.SI KopoJih KaaHMHp no~apysaa csoii1 BHY'i~i-iMnepaTpH~i ~ec.SITb THC.R'i 3JIOTMX 30JIOTOM, a TaKoiK iHwi KJieMHO~H. Y ~eM qac KpaKiBCbKHM iKHTeJib BepHeK, ll(O noxo~HB 3 PHHHa, WJI..RXTH"' rep6a Jlaro~a, 6yJJ.y'iM KOpOJiiBCbKHM poanopH~HMKOM i wacpepoM, 3anpocus ycix UHX oci6 ~o ce6e B ~iM i no csoii1 BOJii ca,z:rmas rocTeif aa cTiJI. HacaMnepe~ niH noc~I1B csoro naHa KopoJIH Ka3MMHpa, cJiywHo ~e llO.SICHHBWH, llOTiM iMnepaTopa, niCJI.SI HbOrO yropCbKOrO KOpOJI.SI JliO~ BiKa, llOTiM- KHnpCbKOrO KOpOJI.SI, llOTiM- ~aTCbKOrO, TaKOiK KH.H3iB. Bcix IX BiH p03KiWHO i ll(e~po npHrOU(aB, KOiKHOrO npeKpaCHO o6~apyBaB. J!K nuu.:ryrh, ~ap caMoMy Kopomo KaauMupy Kowrysas noRa~ CTO THC.SI'i 3JIOTHX. Qe t.~acTysaHH.SI Tpusa.no npoT.HrOM 20 ~His . IloTiM ni~ npucRraMM KopoJii yKJia.nM MiiK co601o sit.~HMH MHp, KOTpHif 36epira.nH aiK .n.o cMepTi. A .SIK si~'IiKJ.l)l(aJIH, KOiKeH oTpHMaB yce Heo6xi~He ~.SI npoi3~y JJ.O Kop~o"Y. Pol<}' 13 70, Ha ~pyr11n .n;eHb nicJI.SI Pi3JJ.Ba .D:isu Mapii, KopoJib Ka3HMMP rHaB oJieH.SI 6iJI.R I1we.n;6oiKa i snas 3 KOH.SI. BiH 3JiaMaB co6i Jiiny Hory TaK, 11(0 6ys npMBe3eHMH Ha B03i .n;o CaH~OMHpa, noTiM JJ..O KpaKosa. TioqysaiOqH ce6e ~yiKe XBOpHM, BiH llOKJIHKaB /1.0 CBOrO llOKOIO KpaKiBCbKOrO €ll11CKOna JiopinHa, I I (c. 80) csoro BH)'Ka no JiiHii cecTpM EnbiK6eTH, onoJibChKoro KH.SI3H BJia.D;HCJiasa, i y npucYTHOCTi nocJiiB yropcbKOro KopoJI.SI Jho~ai Ka cKJiaB JJ..yxiBHH~IO, .n.as ii cTsep.ZJ.MTH i, npui1H.SIBWH Ca.SITi .D:ap11, noMep y KpaKiBChKOMY 3aMKY Ha TpeTii1JJ..eHb nepe~ ca. JleHapTOM. BiH 6ys noxosaHui1 y aeJIMKOMY KOCTbOJii, Ha niBJJ..eHb, Ha npaBOMY 6ou;i BeJIHKOrO BiBTap.SI m~ MapMypoBMM KaMeHeM. Qei1 KOpOJib nepeBHU(yBaB BciX CBOIX npe.n.KiB, flOJibCbKMX KOpOJiiB, Xa3RHHOBHTicTIO, flHJibHicTIO , TaKOiK TMM, mo )1,06pe yxBaJIHB npaBa, ycTaBH, ~o6pe 3aHMaBC.SI 6yJJ..iBHHQTBOM Ta iHlllHMH rocno.n.apCbKHMM cnpaBaMM. BiH OTOt.IHB MypaMH HaHrOJIOBHirni MiCTa, 3a 11(0 CJIYWHO 6ys Ha3BaHMM Ka3HMHpoM BeJIHKMM. BiH 3acHynan 6iJIR KpaKoaa MicTo Ha Micu;i ce11a EasoJI i Ha3BaB i1oro Ha cso10 qecTh Ka3HMHpoM. U.e MiCTo BiH HaKa3aB OTO"'MTH posaMH 3 so.n.o10. BiH HaKa3an o6MypynaTH TaKOiK iHwi MicTa, HacaMnepeJJ.. BeJIHt.~Ky, CKaBHHy, OJibKyw (IIkusz), EeH.n.3iH, Jle11ys, CaH)J.OMHp, Bicm1QIO, Onot.~Ho, lliH)J,JIOB, Pa.n.oM, BaseJihHi~e. Jl106JiiH, CTaniwHH, KaJiim, DH3.D.pH, BeJIIOHh, C€paJJ.3hKMH JaMOK, JleH'iHQIO, TIJIOQhK, flriOTPK}'B, lHOBJI0~3h, Jlbais, C.SIHOK, KopocHo, 3aMoK Tt.~ea; HaKa3aB noKpHTH JaJii3oM BeJIMKHH KpaKiBCbKHH KOCTbOJI y 3aMK)'. .ll:o TOrO )K BiH 3aCHynaB KillbKa KJISIWTOpiB y Di1oTpKysi, JleH"'HQi, Kopt.~HHi, KOTPHM HaKynHB KHHr Ta qaw. BiH HaKa3aB TaKoiK nocTaBHTH cyKeHHHQi Ha KpaKiBCbKOMY pHHKy, 3acHyBaTH ca.n. Ha)J. BicJioiO, Ha3BaHI1M 3siiKHHe~b. BiJibllla t.~acTHHa 3 ycboro MyposaHoro, ~o Ma€ HMHi DoJibiUa, BMHHKJia 3 i1oro iHiu;iaTHBII.

124

KHllrA I Ko1111 3eMChKi KMeTi cKap11<111111C.R MOMY Ha cnolx naHin 3a Ha}.(MipHi no.n.aTKH a6o po6oTH, TaKoJK BH3MCK, TO niH IM pa}.(HB MaTH KOJKHOMY Kpeca.no

'.ITopaiJa 1(/oiema.M

B KaJIMTi, a KOJIH B llOJii 3HaM.ZJ,e KaMiHb, TO, RK~O BMi €, JierKO )J.aCTb 3 I..li1M co6i pa}.(y. 'llepe3 I..le KOJKeH naH }'TpHMynanCR Bi)J. KpHB.ZJ,H CBOIM niJU{aHHM. BiH 3acHynan 6araTo KOCTbOJiiB, HacaMnepe.n. HaKa3an 3MypynaTH n Ka3HMHpi KOCTbOJI EoJKoro Tina, a I..le 3 TaKOI npwiHHH. 0.ZJ.Horo p a3y 3JIO.ZJ.ii BKpanH ooJKe Tino 3 .n.apoHOCHI..leiO, .D.YMaiOqH, ~o noHa cpi6Ha. ix cni:HMa-

'l(pcmbo/1. 'Eo:xcozo

!llfi.Jla

JIH i BKHHYJIH n 03epo 6iJI.R cena Bason, no6JIH3Y en. JlanpeHTiR. Ko1111 11< yHoqj no6aqHJII1 DeJIHKe CBiTJIO KOJIO HbOrO, TO CKa3aJII1 npo I..le CTapmHM, KoTpi pymHJIM npol..leci.RMM i, B3.RBWM lx [,ll.ap11] 3 .n.apoHOCHI..leiO, npMHecJIM .ZJ,O ( KOCTbOJiy) ncix CB.RTMX. A Ha I..lbOMY MiCI..li 6y110 3aCHODaHO KOCTbOJI BoJKoro Tina. U:eii JKe Ka3HMHP 3acHYnan JUHIWTop ca. K aTepHHH i KOCTbOJI en. ManroJKaTH Ha 3niJKMHI..li, a ni.ZJ. ocTaHHiii caM nm<Jian n e pm11i1: KaMiHb i

XPcmt>o/1. 38ixuHyi

nepcTeHb, ~o iioro Man Ha naJibl..li, Ha qecTb i xnany Bo~~<y, Ha n aM 'RTb npo CBOIO cpyH.ZJ.a~iiO. U ei% ~~<e Koponh i B Mor11ni nocTaBHB KJI.HWTop, .HKI1M 3acHynan enHcKon. BiH JKe i y Jlbnoni 3aCHYBan MMTpononHqMJ1:, To6To apxi enHCKOnChKHM KOCTbOJI.

?(pcmb0/1.

y Ylb6o6i

U ei% JKe Koponb 36y.zzynan Kmenil..lhKHi13aMOK Ha ciJie3bKOMY Kop.n.oHi.

?(pcmbo/1. Ha MozUIIi

(c. 81)

1(uuniybi(JlU

Ja.MOI(.

JlMTOBChKi KH.H3i Onbrep.n. i Jlro6apT, TaKoJK i Keiicryr, noqynm11 npo cMepTb Ka3HMMpa, n.n.epnHCR .ZJ.o PycbKHx 3eMeJI&, 3anoiOBaJIH Bono.ZJ,MMHpc&-

(Piotras) Typc&KMH 3 JleHqH~bKoi 3eMJii, 3JI.HKanmHcb, ni)'U{an IM 3aMoK, xot.z i He 6yno Kpati:H&ol

011.1>upo

He6e3neKH; TaM BOHH nopy:H:HYBaJIHWJIRxeTHMH 3aMOK, RKMH Kopon& Ka3H-

6o10e

KHH Kpaif. Kon11 BOHH ni.n.CT)'IIMJIM .ZJ.O 3aMKf, fleTpam

'BOJI.UHb

MMP m e He .ZJ.OMYpynan. I1oTiM BOHH noronan11 y Jiro6niHCbKMX Kpa.Hx, .n.i:H:mn11 aJK

.n.o CaH.ZJ.OMHpCbKOI 3eMJii, .ZJ.e aqHHMJIH neJIHKY WKO.ZJ.Y norHeM i

MeqeM:

norpa6ynan11 KOCTbOJI Cn. XpecTa Ha JlHci:H: ropi, 3axonHJIH .n.epeno Ca. Xpe-

'Depe6o

CTa, ane 3 HMM HiRK He MOrJIH BHIXaTM, B03iB He MOfJIH HaBiTb i 3 Mic~R 3py-

Xpecma

C6.Rmozo

WHTI1, aJK llOKH O.ZJ,MH pycMH He CKa3aB: «,lJ;OKM BH Ha CBO€ Mic~e He Bi.l(iWJieTe CB . .ZJ.epena, .l(OTMIKO.ZJ.eH Bam Bi3 He 3pywMTb 3 MiC~R» . To.n.i BOHH qepe3 llOJIRKa Kapa60JIIO, RKOrO B3RJII1 y llOJIOH, Tyr JKe Bi.ZJ,iCJiaJIM Ha CBO€ Mic~e Qe .n.epeno Ca. XpecTa. floTiM JIHTOBQi pywHJIH i BHMWJIH Qi.JIHMH 3i 3.ZJ.06HqqJO. Y I..lei1: qac CaHTOK 6yno B3RTO 6paH.ZJ.eH6yp3bKHMH MapKrpacpaMM.

O.n.- 1Jpa~tih6ypJbJ\i

HaK nonRKH noCJianH .ZJ.O YropmHHH, JJ.O KoponR JliO.ZJ.BiKa, npocRqH, mo6 niH

np116yn Ha lloJI&C&Ke KopoJiiBCTBO. Ueif KopoJih .zzy~~<e pa}.(o aqHHHB Qe Ha npoxaHH.H naHiB KopoHHMX noCJiin i 3i cnoe10 MaTip'IO np11ixaa .ZJ.O KpaKOBa.

YropcbKMM KopoJih

JIIO,D:BIK !Jie 6ytJ mou M-y:HCeM, 1(9mpuu gafJ:HCiJu cy6opuu, 9la npoAumtft.51. .ll100Cb1(9i K:pofJi no6C!l1(UlC 6y6 zomo6uiL 'Ywpco1(9ZO 6i!l'btut nUJ~-ony6a6 poiJy,

125

)Ulpi(Jp~

8pJw Ja.ltWI(. Ca~tmol(.

KHHrA I 9Io1(1Lny6w.u 9lo.JtvCb1@U1\pai1 npotTUlZOM mpu6Mozo uuy, !Tfan JHae, ~o flUMmv CJlyzu, na6imv i JiJa.R-e1(JJ, Oco6.~tu6o moil, 1@mpui1 Hu.Mu iJo6pe oni1(!JembCSL. 1jeu JHae, WZO 1@:HCHOMY J HU~ tna.M 6pmcye, 36ep;uticmv npo cOo~ ueiJ6Ma, Ma.!lo wzo Oapmye. PoC!lu npa6a B Cap.Mamii ga 'taci6yvozo KPPOJI.fl., 0Uua1( He MMU CWlU tJ giiJ Hayii. 9lpa6o, Jl1(JIJ,O He.Ma o6oponu npomu cUJtu, € 6JtaCHu.M na6ymuuH.fl.M 6eJ no.Mo'ti yp.ni)yw'tu~ II (c. 82)

PoKy si,u; Pia,u;Ba rocnO,zJ;HbOro 1370

y ropCbKHH KOpOJib Jho~Bii<, nneMiHHHK

'13t!l!KJHCbl(_a

BW(p=

cJiaBHOI naM'.HTi Ka3HMHpa BeJIHKOro, o6paHHH Ha TIOJibChKe KopoJiincTBO i KOpOHOBaHHH y KpaKiBCbKOMY KOCTbOJii TpeTbOrO rpyAH.H, niCJI.H CB.HTa en. MapQiHa. To.n.i ceHaT HacaMnepe.n. cm-ITan Kopon.H, "111 xoqe niH HenopymHo TPMMaTM nop.HAI<H Kopon.H Ka3MM11pa, i TOH noo6iQHB yciM QiJIKOM ix 36eperrM . O~HaK, HeJBa)l<aiO"'n Ha KJIHTBy, Ha no"'aTKY cnoro naHynaHH.H niH ~an onOJibCbKOMY KHH3JO BeJIIOHCbKY 3eMJIIO i TaKi 3aMKH B KpaKiBCbKii1 JeMni: 0Jibll1THH (Holsztyn), Eo6oniu;e, Krneniu.e i D)l{eJHiQe B CEpa,AJbKOMY Kpai. TioTiM niH noixan AO BeJmKoi Tion~>~ni, .n.o fHE3Ha, ,Ae apxiEnHCKOn npHrorynan HoMy KopoJiiBCbKHH TPOH, a noTiM nocniumn.n.o KpaKona. Y u;eii qac Koponena KaJHMHpona Jl.Anira 6yna ,AaHa Ja .ll.py)l{uHy JierHHQbKOMY KH.SI3eBi BaQJiaBy, OJl.HaK B3.SIJia 3i CBO€I '1aCTHHH TpHcTa TpH.Il.U.HTb rpHBeHb cpi6na i THC.SI"~Y I I (c. 83) rpHneHb lllHpOKHX rporneli. I cTapa Koponena , MaTH JIIO)I.BiKa, i.ZI.y1111 a CMHOM b KpaKona )\O Yropu~nHn i

126

KHHrA I 60H'.UICb, ~06 llOJIHKH He KOpOHYBaJIM KOrO-He6y,nb iHmoro, 3a6paJia 3 C06010 KOpoHy, CKineTp, .n.ep)l(aBy, Meq Ta iHmi KOpOJiiBCbKi KJieHHO.IJ.H. lloTiM, poKY

1377, cTapa yropcbKa Koponena, nparH}"'M naHYBaHHH Ta

!TTOAbCbl({l

l@pOHQ

maatno 8u8tJeH.a iJo ')'zop~UHU

KepysaHHR B nonh~i. np11ixana 3 Yrop~HHM .n.o KpaKona. KonH noHa 6yna n CoH'Ii, To Ha3ycTpiq li1 BHixano nonhCbKe pm.~apcTBO, Ka)I(}"'H npo nenHKY KLnhKiCTb JIMTOBChKoro nii1cLKa, KOTpe pymHJio .n.o nOJibCbKHX Kpain. BoHa )I( ni,nnoniJia, ~o u.e He ixHR po6oTa, E naH, KOTpHi1 ix o6opoHMTh; He TiJibKH ni.n Meqa, a i1 si.n. i1oro cnona nci lxHi noporM BTeqyTb. Mi)l( TMM JIMTOBCbKi .9lum6a 6010£ KHH3i Kei1cTYT, Rrai1.no, BiTOBT 3 TpoK, 3 fpo,nHa i 3 BiJibHa, Jho6apT 3 Jl}'L\hKa, a feoprii1 (Geor) 3 Een3a np11i1mnH qepe3 nycTi Kpai .n.o Jli06JiiHCbKOI 3eMJii, a)l( .no piKH CHH, i nee TaM 3HM~HJIH norHeM Ta MeqeM, ni.n CHHY a)l( .n.o piKH BiCJIH. Bi.n HHX Jie.n.ne nTiK lleTpam 3 EapaHona, a)l( BCKoqHB .no BicJIM 'EapaH.08C&I(ui1 Ha KOHi 3 .npy>KHHOIO Ta MaJieHbKOIO, ~e He xpe~eHoiO .IJ.HTHHOIO i 3 EmKOIO rt11a8ae noMiqqiQ BTiK ni.n R3HqHHKiB. HicKinbKH He 3BopymHno yropcbKOi KopoJieBH Te, ~0 Jli·ITOBU.i qHHHJIH lliKO,ZJ.y, 3aTe pa.n.o .lJ.MBHJiaCR Ha TaHQi, xoqa IH 6yJIO B)l(e BiciM.IJ.eCHT poKiB. Y QeH qac, .IJ.MBJIRqHCb iJ KpaKiBCbKOrO 3aMKY, DOHa no6aqHJia yropu.in, H:Ki JiiaJIH 6HTHCSI ,ZJ.O cJiyr nme.n.6opa 3 EepeCTSI, KOTpi He .IJ.aBaJIH yropQHM CHJIOIO 3a6HpaTI1 y HH.X ciHO Ta iHWi peqj CBOrO naHa, cToRqH nepe.n CTpa.n.oMCbKMM <J?opToM; yropu.i )I( 6pan11 co6i CHJIOIO Te, ~o xoTiJI:H Ha Topry. BoHa nocnaJia .n.o HMX KpaKiBCbKoro cTapocry RcbKa KMHTY 3 .IJ.OMY IIILpeHHBa, ~o6 niH ix po3nin. KoJIH )I( TOH n 'ixan noMi)l( HHX, TO 6yn Bi,l( yropU.R nopaHeHHH CTpiJIOIO B WHIO, qepe3 ~0, He ,ZJ.OIXaBWH ,ZJ.O 3aMKY, noMep. Kom1 npo u.e .n.oni.nanHCR :Horo npHHTeni, TO nO'ry)KHO noMCTHJIHCSI yropU.HM: TH.X 6HJIH .n.e nonano i n6HJIH cTo wicT.n.ecSIT oci6. TaM »<e :H MHxa:HJia CnonaKa, KOTpHi1 3 HHMM npHixan 3 Yrop~HHH, BH.TH:rJIH 3 ni.n.naJI}' i B6HJIH. EynH TaKO)I( y6HTi CJiyraMH nwe.n.6opa ,ZJ.Ba IOHaKH, KOTpi BTeKJIH .n.o iioro .n.~opy. 3 HHX 3i.n.panH .n.opori maTH, cpi6Hi noSicH, a Tilla 6yn11 noxonaHi B KOCTbOJii CB. <f>paHQHCKa y KpaKOBi, y 6i'IHiH KanJIHQi. lloTiM yropcbKa xoponena WBH,ZJ.KO BHixana 3 Kpaxona .n.o Yrop~HHH, a sci npana KopoHH nonbChKOi nepe.n.ana CHHy. A niH, 3i6panwH npoTH JIHTonnin yropcbKe niiichKO, nimon qepe3 ropH .n.o CSIHonhKOi 3eMni, a noTiM .n.o CaH,ZJ.OMHpa. J(o Hhoro npHE,l(HaJIOC.H nonbCbKe pHu.apcTno ni.n. KOMaH,ZJ.yBaHH.HM KpaKiBChKOro cTapocT:H CeH.n.3iBoR 3 IIIy6iHa. Koponb noCJian u.e niiicLKO 3.1J.06ynaTH XonMCbKMM 3aMoK, a caM 3a KiJibKa ,ZJ.Hin o6no»<HB EeJI3. lloJIRKM B3.HJIH XonM, fpa6oneQb, fopo,l(Jio, Cenonoc i npHMIIIJIH .n.o JliO.n.nixa I I (c. 84) ni.n. Een3. JlHTOBChKHM KH.H3b KeiicryT npocHB rJieih J1)IR neperonopin, i ne 6yno iioMY .naHo. To.n.i BOHH YKJiaJIM MHp Ha TaKMX YMona.x, ~06 fiOJIOHeHi, KOTpHX B3.HJIH JIMTOBQi, 6yJIH llOBepHeHi. feopriH, 6eJI3bKHH .n.ep»<aBLVl, ni.n..n.anc.H KoponiO Ha neBHHX YMOBax. To.n.i BMHHKJia yco6Hn.H yropnin 3 noJISIKaMH, i llla<J?paHenL 6yn nopaHeHHH y o6nM'I'IJJ:. KoponL, npai'H}"'H ne 3acnoKOiTH, .n;an IIIa<J?paHQIO KoponincbKMH 3aMO'IOK llicKony CKa.JI}' i nuM .n;ocRrHYB MMPY· Hen.n;onai noMepna MaTH JliO,n;BiKa, cTapa yropcbKa Koponena, DOHa noMepna B By.n;i u 6yna noxonaHa y KJI.HIIITopi Ha BHCOKOMY ocTpoBi. lloTiM poKY 1381 yropcbKHH i nonLCbKHH Koponb JliO,n;BiK nocnan nocepe,n;MHi

127

Jl.Cbl(p

~uma,

1\Ptll(j&"JQJu cmapocma,

86umuu ywpfj.R.Mu

Yzoplji8

py6a10m1>

!TTOJIJU(Jl

6JR.nu

Xelii.M

J'fum8a MupumbCJl

KHMrA I DOC'ry ,AO !lOJibiiJ,i 3a ,lJ.eHKHMH naHaMH i npeJiaTaMH, KOTpHX DOCTaBHB y IloJihw;i ry6epHaTopaMH; caM )Ke siH, He ,AOBipjiJO'IH noJijiKaM, )KHB B Yrop· I1J,HHi • .AJie Qi ry6epHaTOpH llHJibHYBaJIH TiJihKH CBO€i KOpHCTi, THCHYJIH y6orHX 3eM'jiH, cy,AHJIH He DO llHCaHHX npasax, a TiJibKH TaK, jiK 3aMaHeTbCjl. IloTiM KOpOJib JlJO,ABiK aaxsopiB i, 6a'la'lJH Tji)KKHH CTaH CBOrO 3.ZJ.OpoB'.H, cTapmy ,AO'tJKf Mapiio BH~aB 3aMi)K aa MapKrpaq>a CHri3MfH,Aa, CHHa pHMChKoro iMnepaTopa Kapna lleTsepToro, HKOMY 6yno TiJihKH 14 poKiB. ~ou cUJioiO 6JAmu O.u.HaK BiH noCJiaB .AO noJibCbKHx naHiB i npHM}'CHB lx, mo6 BOHH B3IDIH co6i !lTofti>~!J KopoJieM ara,AaHoro CHri3MyH.Aa, npHcjlrJIH i:foMy Ha nocJiymeHCTBO 11 Cuzipt!fW, 1\_apJUJ,

CUH

sipHiCTb. BiH noCJiaB H:oro .n;o IloJihi.Ld RK .n;o csoEi BJiacHOCTi i1 HaKaaas HOM}' ayxsanHx Ta cynpoTHBHMX co6i KapaTH. ITpHixasmH .n:o IloJibiiJ,i, CHri3MfH.D: B3RB aaMoK i MicTe'1KO Ko3MiH, TaKO)K Ha6umHQi Ta Ko3MiHeQb, a noTiM pynnm 3 yciM BiHChKOM .AO Ma3oni1 npoTH KHH3H CeMOBHTa, KOTpHii He xoTiB ROMY nJiaTHTH ,AaHHHy: TaM BiH 3aB,ll;aB 3Ha'lHOI liiKO,li;H sorHeM Ta Me'leM i nosepHYB ,1.1;0 BeJIHKOi IloJiblld, aoKpeMa JJ.O IloaHaHi, JJ.e o,li;HOCTaiiHO 6ys npHHH.HTs.n1 BciMa. THM qacoM, y sepecHi, nOJibChKHH KopOJib .9110iJ8il( JlJO.n;BiK noMep B YropmHHi y MicTe'IKY TapHaBi

no.Mep

M: 6ys noxosaHHi1 y Ei.nro-

po.n:i pOK}' 1382, BiH naHfBaB y IlOJibCbKOMY KOpOJiiBCTBi ,ABaHMQHTb poKiB. 3a 'llaCiB QbOfO JliOJJ.BiKa y IlOJibiiJ,i '1epe3 Bi.ZJ.CfTHicTb KOpOmi He 6yJIO )KO.ZJ.Horo yp.H,ll;f. BHacJii.D.OK Qhoro 6yJIH seJIHKi rpa6e)Ki, po36oi, 3,1.1;HpcTsa. Ti, mo ixaJIH cKap)KHTMC.H Ha Kps.m.n.y .n;o KopoJIH B YropmHHY, si.u.cnJiaJIHCH KOpOJieM ,1.1;0 KOpOJieBM, a KOpOJieBOIO - ll:O KOpOJI.H, llOTiM 3 JIMCTaMH - ll:O llOJibCbKHX ry6epHaTopiB, a Ti He 3BepTaJIH ysarH Ha JIMCTM i 'lMHHJIH CBO€. 3a JIHCTM yropu;i )J.06pe rpa6yBaJIH llOJIHKiB, qepe3 IIJ,O CKpi3b y IlOJibiiJ,i 6yJIM

seJIHKl YTMCKH. 'l.ljo iJo6pow Uei1 JliOJJ.BiK TiJibKM Te JJ.06pe B'IHHHB, mo ,AicTaB si,1.1; nanu fpuropiH lhwtu8 .9110()/}il(_ ni)J,TBep)J,)KeHHR Ha apxiEllHCKOllCTBO faJIMQhKe Ta €llHCKOllCTBO IlepeMHChKe, XoJIMCbKe Ta BoJIO.lJ.HMHpcbKe Ha Pyci. Uboro )K poKy y BpoQJiaBi 6yn KoHqmiKT Mi)K .lJ.yxOBHMMH oco6aMH Ta ~tt{e~i HeJwiJa qecbKMM KoponeM Bar..vxasoM: KOJIH spounaBCbKOMY )J.eKaHoBi se3.JIM CBM.lJ.· .Mi~at-t

i>y~o8· Hu.MU

HMQbKe nHBO, npoQJiaBcbKi MiiiJ,aHH nociKJIH 6o'IKH

(c. 85) i ¢ypMaHa

noca,li;M.JIH (,1.1;0 s'R3H:wui], 6o niH Qe '1MHHB, nopylllyiOT.IH ixHIO 3a6opo"Y. IliC.JI.H QbOfO JIID6ycbKHH Ta BpOQJiaBCbKHH €ll11CKOfl ni)J.,ll;aB aHaq>eMi MiCbKMH npocTOJIIO,lJ.. IloTiM T.IeCbKMH KopoJib Bar.vran, nparHy'lH .n.o6HTMCH MHPY Mi)K HMMH, np11ixan )J.O Bpou;nana i npocMB, mo6 )J.JIH Hboro npas:w-

.JIHCH MeCM B KOCTbOJii, ane .lJ.YXOBCHCTBO U.bOfO He XOTiJIO po6HTM. To.n.i KMHYBCH Koponb 3 npocTHMU JIIO.ZJ.bMM Ha ceJia i1 )J,nopH .lJ.yxOBHHX oci6, TaM JOO o6e1Jb 3a6paJIH TaK 6araTo Mai1Ha i cKap6is, mo KYDYDaJIH TO)J.i TpHcTa oneQb 3a TPH Jampu rpHnHi, a KoponH - 3a miCTb rpomin, BOJIH )K- no nep.lJ.yHKY (wierdunku). zputhti

To)J.i KOpOJib B3.HB MaMHO Ta CKap6H .lJ.yxODeHCTBa i p03tJ.iJIHB IX nopiBHY Mi)K cnyraMM. BiH HaKa3aB TaKo>K ixHiM niAAaHMM T.IHHHTH co6i nocnymeHCTBO, i TaK 6yJio npoTHroM ceMH poKiD. IloTiM .n.yxoneHcTno ni,1.1;nycTHJIO iioMy 6opr y ciM THCSIT.I 3JIOTHX, no3H'leHHX 3 KOCTbOJIY 1'1oro 6aTbKOBi Kapny me HK

qecbKOMY KoponiO, i TaK noMHPHJIOCH 3 BaQJiaBOM.

128

KHMrA I ll.horo :>K poKy 1382 Bna,nMCJiaB, HKM~'i 6ys To.ni onOJibCbKMM, seJIIOHCbKMM i ,n06:>KMHCbKMM KHH3eM, 3acHysaB KOCTbOJI Ha .HcHiM ropi B l..JeHCTO-

<tkHarw~o8a

XOBi, .no KOTporo nepe.nas o6pa3 ,.nisM Mapil, npMsi3wM iioro 3 Pyci, 6o siH To,ni 6}'B TaM HaMiCHHKOM si.n Kopona JliO,nsiKa. H iHWMM Ha,naHH$1M siH 3a6e3ne1.JHB ~eM KOCTbOJI. floTiM KOpOJib JlraMJIO nOMir ~bOMY KOCTbOJIY, npo ~o 6y.ne cKa3aHo HH:>K1.Je. U.ei1 onoJibCbKHH KHH3b, nneMiHHHK no cecTpi KOpOJI$1 Ka3MMHpa BenMKoro, 6yn y aeJIHKiM MMJIOCTi s Kopona JliO,nsiKa, HKHM ,nan MOMY sna.ny s PycbKMX.KpaiHax, spewTi 3po611s i:foro ry6epHaTopoM '6eJI3bKOro KoponiscTBa. L(ei:f KHH3b np11sia 3 Mopasil .no Pyci pi.npixa, BaQnasa i MiKJiowa fep6ypTiB, KOTpi MaJIM Ha rep6i 306pruKeHHH TpbOX Me1.JiB y H6JIYQi. BiH ,naB IM HaM:roJIOBHiwi ypa,n11 a Pyci, y Jlbsoai, ITepeMMWJii, CaHoKy Ta iHlllMX MicTax, a 6paTa 3aJIMWMB Ha 6aTbKiB~MHi y Mopasil, Ha ynbWTMHi. IHllli

Pia g"ep· 6ypmi8

ocin11 Ha Pyci, 3acHysaswH co6i MicTe1.JKO s ITepeMMCbKi:H 3eMJii, i Ha3BaJIM MOfO <l>eJibWTMH, a6o <l>yJibWTMH, 3a Ha3BOIO CBOfO po,nHHHOfO fHiJ,na, 3 KOTporo BOHH flMWyTbCH ruK 11.0 1.\bOfO qacy. IToJIHKH, JJ.OBi.naswHCb npo CMepTb Kopona JliO,nBiKa, 3i6pan11 TaEMHY pa.ny M: yxsanHJIM noKHHY™ CHri3MYH,na, a npasHTeJibKOIO KopoHM B3HTM co6i ,nOl.JKY JliOJJ.BiKa, BH,naTH ii 3aMi:>K 3a TaKoro KHH3H, KOTpHM: 611 ,no6pe Kepysas pjqqJO ITocnom1TOIO i o6opoHHB ii si.n soporis. 3 UHM BOHM i1: si.n;npaBHJIM nocnis .no Yrop~HHH. To.n;i yropcbKa Koponesa, .n;py:>KMHa JliO.n;siKa, nocnana .n;o TioJib~i .n;oqey .H.n;siry, aey secb KopoHHHM ceHaT .zzy:>Ke

!!ToJI.JJIQ.l, J~Y·

8alhuu CuziJlttYH· atJ/ti, 8Wyrru. Ha l(opo· Ai8cm8o Ocni(JI

YltoiJ8i'@

B.D;Hl.JHO M: waHo6JIHBO npMMHHB. Tip11 Hiii 6yn11 apxienHcKon i Kap,nHHaJI ecTeproMCbKMH (Strygonski) ,.nMHTpiii Ta sapa:>K.n;HHCbKHM enHcKon RH, l.JHMano iHWHX csiTcbKHX naHiB. BoHa npHBe3Jia i3 co6o10 l.JHMaJIO 30JIOToro

i1 cpi6Horo cKap6y, sci KoponiscbKi iHcHrHil, HKi MaTH JliO,nBiKa I

(c. 86) BHBe3Jia 3 TioJib~i .n;o Yrop~HHH. Iii Ha3ycTpiq BHI:>K.Z:PKaJIO seJIHKOIO pa.niCTIO l.JHMaJIO naHiB Ta pMI.\apcTsa, TaKo:>K i npoQecil 3 npenaTaMH i npocToJIIO.D;OM. O.n;pa3y :>K y ,neHb cs . .H.n;sirH y npHCYTHOCTi yropcbKMX nocnis Ta iHWHX llOJibCbKHX Ta ciJie3bKI1X €llMCKOniB BOHa 6yna llOMa3aHa HI< llOJibCbKa Koponesa; iii 6yna .n;aHa sna,na KepysaTH KopoJiiscTBOM .no Toro qacy, .n;oKH BOHa He BHH,D;e 3aMi:>K. To.n;i poey Bill. PiJ11.sa focno.n;Hboro 1385 seJIHKHH KHR3b JIHTOBCbKHH

Ylum6uK

RraHJio, .nosi.u.aswHcb npo KopoJiesy JI,nsiry, mo soHa np11ixana 3 Yropll.\H-

Jlzaii.Jto crruu

HH.D;O TioJibll(i, TaKo:>K npo ii Kpacy i rapHi ii 3BHl.Jai, 3a,zzyMaB, $1Kmo Bl(aCTbca, cTaTH sil.JHHM npHaTeJieM KopoHi IToJibCbKiii, TOMY siH nocnas .n;o Hei 3 .n;y:>Ke KOIIITOBHHMH no,napYHKaMH csoix 6paTis, CKupraiina i Bopuca. BiH noo6iuas, mo caM 3 yciM csoiM Hapo.n;oM np11iiMe Cs. XpecT, 6o 6ys me noraHHHOM, mo .no6posiJibHO nosepHe sci MicTa ii 3aMKM 3 ixHiMH nposiHQiaMH, RKi JIHTBa si.n;ipsana si.u. KopoHH, mo BH3BOJIHTb noJioHeHHX. KpiM Toro, siH o6iuas 3JIYl.IHTH Ta o6'e.n;HaTH3i cnasHOIO KopoHOIO ITonbCbKOIO BenHKe KHR3iBCTBO JIHTOBCbKe, Mel.JeM 3.n;o6ysaTH CiJie3iiO, Tipycci10 Ta TIOMOpCbK}' 3eMJIIO, nosepH)'TH sci CKap6H I(JISI Y>KHBaHHSI KopoHi nonbCbKiii, spewTi, l.JHHHTH i1 .noso,AHTH .no c.nywHoto KiHUSI see, ll.\O Cny>KHJIO 6

129

ftpuJ'JHILM

9(ppoHi

KHHrA I nocnneHHIO MOryTHOCTi KopoHH Peqi IlocnoJIHToi, ~o npnMHO)K}'BaJIO 6 xpHCTHJIHChKY Bipy, ,l(6aTH npo BCe ne 3 BeJIMKHM CTapaHHHM. Qe JIHTOBCh· Ke llOCOJihCTBO KOpOHHHM naHaM 6yno ,n;y)Ke MHJIHM

i B,l(H"::HHM, a.ne KOpO-

neaa aa ne 3pa3y He noro,n;iK}'Ba.nacJI, li ai,n;wToaxyaa.no Te, mo .HraH.no 6ya

noraHHHOM. t(o TOro aoHa nte 3a )KHTTJI caoro 6aTbKa, KopoiDI Jho~aiKa, 6yna paaime o6iUJIHa CTaTH ,n;py»<HHOIO ancTpiifchKOMf KHH3eai BinhreJihMOBi i qacTO 3ra,zzyBana npo Hhoro

(cz(fstokrot na sercu miewala).

IliCJIJI Uhoro KopoHHi

noCJIH npHHeCJIM KopoJieai EJih)K6eTi ,n;o Yrop~HHH noai,n;oMJieHHJI npo ne noCOJihCTBO .Hrafuia, i BOHa 06iQMa 3aTBep,n;HTM BCe, ~0 BHpimaTh CTapmi naHoBe i ceHaT KopoHH IloJibChKoi.

T o,n;i KopoHHi noCJIH,

noixaawM ,n;o JIHTBH,

p~WIH npo Te, HK npHBeCTH .Hrafula Ha IlOJibCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO HK tJOJIOBiKa 21itu.u.llliM,

Koponeai~ai3i. THM qacoM ancTpii1:cbKHH KH.SI3b BinbreJibM, .u.oai,n;aamHch npo

a8cmpiit·

cnpaaH Ta pa.zzy KopoHay, nMillHO i 3 BeJIHKHM 6araTCTBOM np11ixaa 3i caoiM ~Bo

Cb1Qlii IQUlJ"·

npu6y6iJo poM ,n;o KpaKoaa, nto6 po3ipaaTM neii WJII06. BiH 6ya a,n;JitJHO npMHH.SITMM Ko?(pal(96a

poJieaoro. IlocTiiiao, ,n;eHh y ~eHh, npOTHrOM TpHaanoro qacy BJialllTOBysanw

A1UI HMx nMWHi 6eHKeTH, TaHUi i13aCTiJIJUI3 po3BaraMM, o,n;HaK npHCTOMHHMM. KopoHHMM ceHaT 3 orJIH.Zzy HaTe, ~o KopoJieaa pa,n;a 6atJMTH BinhreJibMa i aa3HBa€ MOfO 6a.>KaHHM co6i rOCTeM, ~0 BOHH B3a€MHO 3aKOXaJIHCH, TO BiH npoBO.l(.>Ka€ II y 3aMOK I I (c. 87) i B.>Ke JzyMa€ npo 6a.>KaHI,rH lliJII06 3 KopoJieaoiO. O,n;HaK .Hrafulo np11ixaa 3 JIHTBM. IloqyawH npo Hhoro, KopoHHi naHoae ausemi BiJihreJihMa 3 noKola 3a,n;aepi 3aMey i 3aKpHJIH ix 3a HMM. Ilo6atJMBII1H ne, KOpOJieBa CTaJia Bi,n;KpHBaT.I-1 CBOIMM p}'KaMH 3aMOK, 3 fHiBOM nOpHBaTMCJI, ~.qo6 ai.n;iMKHY™ nei1 3aMOK, nparayqu npo,n;oB.>KHTH 6eHKeT 3 BinhreJibMOM B.>Ke y no.l(p}?KHhOMf cTaHi. Ii Jie,n;ae BTPMMaJIM ai,n; UhOro HaMipy, iTO niCJIH 'i'pHBaJIMX neperoaopia. A BiJibreJihM, .HBHO 6atJatJM, mo MOMY He cnpHHIOTb KopoHHi naHone, qyrot.m, 1.1.\0 .HraiiJio y.>Ke ni,n;'i.>K,Z:pKa€, 3aJIHWHB cKap6H if KOillTOBHi no.uap}'HKM KopoJieai, THXO BMrxaa 3 KpaKoaa, He 6IDKaiOtJM .uani n,n;anaTM 3 ce6e ranaHTHOro KaaaJiepa.

A I1: 11 o, a6o B JI A ,l1; l1 C JI A B JI l1 T B 11 H JI

(Litwin) 'ljeiiflzaiiAo 6yfJ .!lumfJuli J .5lJU't1iUY,v1(9ZO po(}y, .Yttle 6y8 .My:HCe.M 8oiio8uuttu.M., fJe.!lu1(9zo UJ,ac111Jl.. Wfym :HCe npuibt.JL8 i zyecm c8Jlmuii, i JO.!lomy 1({Jpo1iy, I no6attu6mu ge, i1 nwoaHi niUJJl-u Ja iiozo "leCHOmow. II (c. 88) ito.My 6y.!lo Dano JlofJizy Ja iJpy:HCuHy, 9Tomi.M .!lumoOy,szM 6y.!lu Dani 1({Jponni 1(!leUHOOu. 3a ttacu nm-1-y8a1!M gvozo 8oiio8uuttozo 1(9pO.!lJl 9Tpycca1(_JaJnafJ trl.fl:HC1(9i nopaJ1(U 8W "lecHozo nOJIJll\._a. XPpo1Ul 3ana.M '.mnMu zopiJi Hi.Mt;i i1 mamapun, 'Bin oa6 8Wcitt .MaJI.ofJipno.M.y yzopgw.

130

KHHrA I

tJ3in Jacny6a8 1(9/leziyM. y Xpa1(98i, a nomi.M 3aH-eCJla iiow y zopnii11(paii tj,H-Oma IJ JOMmu.Mu 1(pU!UlM.u.

PoKy BiJI; Pi3)J;Ba rocno)J;a XpHCTa 1386 BenHKHM KHJI3b JIHTOBCbKHM Rrafulo, reHeanoriJI JIKOrO ,n.eTaJibHillie OllHCY€TbCJI B llOXO,D.>KeHHi JIHTOBCbKOfO Hapolzy, .n.ocHTb nHlliHO npHixaa .n.o KpaKoaa 12 JIIOToro 3i caoiMH 6paTaMH EopHCOM, CBH.D.pHraiiJIOM Ta BiTOBTOM. To.n.i aiH 6ya npHMHJITHH aciMa 3 seJIHKOIO pa.zt.iCTIO H yp01.IHCTO npose,n.eHMM y 3aMOK. TioTiM, 14 JIIOTOfO, BiH pa30M 3i CBOIMH 6paTaMH HaB1.IeHHH xpHCTMJIHCbKOI BipH, oxpe~eHHH i Ha3BaHHH Bna.n.HcJiaaoM. [(boro )f( ,D.H$1, oxpecTHBlliHCb, BiH B3JIB mmo6 3 KoponeaoiO .H.n.airoiO i BenuKe KHJ13iBCTBO llHTOBCbKe, )l(M}',D.b, Pycb .n.o_nyqHB i 3 'E,n.HaB, $1K i o6iQJ~B, 3 KopoHoiO floJibCbKOIO, ni.zt.Tsep.zt.HB ue npuaiJie$1MH Ta npHC$1rOIO. Tu)K,lJ.eHb no TOM)' BiH 6ya KOpOHOBaHHH Ha llOJibCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO 3 BeJIHKOIO yp01.IHCTiCTIO, B npHCYTHOCTi naHiB-pa.zt., .lJ.YXOBHHX i CBiTCbKHX, KopoHHHX i BeJIHKOro KH$13iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKoro. floTiM nicJI$1 nHIIIHoro aeciJIJI$1 Koponb Rrai1Jio 3 KoponeaoiO npH6ynH y nicT .n.o BeJIHKOi fiOJib~i, ~o6 3acnoKoiTH .n.ej{Ki yco6HQi, ~o no1.IHHaJIHCJI 1.1epe3 ,noMapaTa, reHepanbHOro cTapocry BeJIHKoi Tionbn:(i, i BO€BO.lJ.Y BiHQeHTiJI. 3anaro,n.HBIIIH To,n.i ui cnpaau y BenuKiii floJib~i. Rrai1:no 3i6paacJ~.zt.O JlHTBH, He 6a>KaiO'tlH, IQ06 BOHa i ,D.aJii )f(HJia B i,n.OJIOllOKJIOHCTBi; B3JIB i3 C060IO ,D.eJIKHX KH$13iB i HaHfOJIOBHilliHX pa.n.HHX naHiB, 'tlHMaJIHH cynpoai.n. puuapcbKHx JIIO,n.e:H, HacaMnepe.n. MI€3HeHCbKOfO apxi€llHCKOna Ta 1.IHMaJIO iHmHX HaHBa.>KJIHBilllHX .zt.YXOBHHX oci6: RHa i CeMOBHTa, Ma3oBeQbKHX KH$13iB, KoHpa.n.a (Kondrata) OnecH~bKOro, BaPTOllla 3 BumeM6ypra, no3HaHCbKOro BO€ao.n.y, KpucTHHa

131

.9lumo8e!J"

cTTUJ8 1(]14· I(J8c~>IQLM I(JJpo!ttM

.9lum8a npU£dHaxiJ

iJo !JTOJII>Uji

KHHrA I 3 Ko3ernys CoH,ll;eQbKOro, MHKOJiaJI3 OcoJiiHa BicJIHI.\bKOro, KawTemmis; 3aKJiiKy 3 Me,ll;iKHry>Ka, KaHu;nepa; MuKoJia.R 3 MocKo>KoBa, nOJibChKoro ni,ll;KaHI.VIepa; CnMTKa 3 TapHoBa, ni~KoMopi.s~, Ta 6araTo iHmHx. Koponh .9lum6a BJia,n:HcJiaB, npMixasmM 11.0 JIHTBH, I3~MB Bill. JeMJii ~o 3eMJii, HaKaJysaB npoit )K}.j!JVb npui/.Ma10mb CTOJII0/1.y np116ysaTM 11.Jl.H oxpell.\eHH.H/1.0 BeJIHKMX MicT. A AJISI 6inbworo 6azyucmu- >KaHHSI BiH JaKynus y llonbu.d ~y>Ke 6araTo 6iJioro cyKHa, y KoTpe o6ropTa.RHCm6o JIH I I (c. 89) oxpemeHHX i KO>KHOMY 3 HMX tforo ~apysan:H. Ou;e noraHCTBO

timno a ycix 6oKiB, 11\06 oxpecTHTHCR, 'liYIO'liM npo KoponiBCbJ<Y BOJIIO, iHmi >K illlJIM He cTiJibKM 3apa.nu xpecTa, CKlnbKH 3apa11.11 cyKHa. Oxpel.l.{}'BaJIH IX lliBHJ1.KO, scix pa30M KponnSitJH B0/1.010. IM HaKaJysanu cTaTM s KinhKOx MiCI.\.SIX, Bi/1.TIOBi/1.HO, H iMeHa ~aBaJIH He KO)KHOM}' 30KpeMa, a BciH TaKiH rpoMa,ni: 0/1.Hii1- IleTpo, 11.pyrii1- .HH, TpeTiti- CTaHicnas, 'lleTsepTiii- .HKy6 i TaK 11.0 KiHQ.H. TaK caMo HaKaJysanu cTaTl1 i >KiHKaM: o.n,Hiti rpoMa~i .nasan11 iM'.H AHHa, 11.pyril1- KaTep11Ha, TpeTiii- .H~sira, a>K nOKl1 BHCTa'llano ~JISI scix IX iMeH. TaKJ1M 'lll1HOM TOJ1.i y JIJ1TBi 6yno oxpell\eHo 6JIH3hKO TP1111.U:SITl1 Tl1CH'll, KpiM Tl1X, KOTpi 6ynH oxpell\eHi paHime. TioTiM Bna,nl1cJiaB ~as iM csn~eHMKiB, npMBi3lllM ix 3 TioJih~i. o.n;HaK 'lll1MaJio 6yno 3 HHMH TPYI1.Homis, noKl1 .no KiHL(H He BMKopeHJ1Jil1 .n.asH€ mononOKJIOHCTBO. Eo JIMTOBQi ~e 3 qacis csolx npe,nKiB BlllaHosysanH aaMicTh Eora a6umo: soroHh, 3Mil1,

nicH, coHu;e. BorOHb BOHM Ha311BaJIM Ha csoiii Mosi 311HU:

(Zync), BBa>KaJIM

MOfO CBRTMM, IXHi >Kepui llaJIMJll1 11.epeBO Ha HOfO 'lleCTb. 3MiiO KO>KeH Tp11MaB y CBO€M)' .ZJ;OMi Ha ll(aCTR, a XTO He MaB 3Mii, TOM 6yB He~aCHHM. JliCM BOHM BBa>KaJIJ1 11.0MOM CBHTJ1X, a K0Jll1 COHI.J;e 3aKp11BaJIM XMap11, TO B0Hl1 .n,yMaJIM, ll.{O BOHO Ha Hl1X rHiBaETbCH, TOMY np11HOCI1JIH HOM)' >KepTsy. Eaqa'liM Qe, Bna,nMcJiaB HaKa3aB nonanHTM IXHi Kam1~a, BMpy6aTM nic11, nos6MsaTM 3M iii, 3aJIHTH CBRTHH HeBraCHMHH BOfOHb. 3 I.J;bOfO Bci 11.HByaaJIHCH, ~0 DOf He nonycTHB Ha JISIXiB Hiqoro 3JIOfO, Ka>KytJl1: «.flK6H XTO 3 HalliHX TaK sqJ1HMB, TO He cTepnis 611 Qboro Ham Eor». AHa TOMY Micu;i, ~e noraHCTBO MaJIO CBSITHH soroHh, Bna,nHcnas 36y.Aysas ETIHCKonchKMH KOCTbOJI cs. CTaHicJiaBa y BiJihHi, npH3HaqHB BiJieHChKoro EnHcKona, npo ~o noBHiwe HTHMeTbCR y JIHTOBCbKiH xpoHiu;i. TioTiM poKY 1396 KopoJib BJia,nHcJias, 3aJIHWHBillM JIHTOBCbKHM KHH3eM Jlzaiillo {fW6upae

BiTOBTa, npHixaB ,lJ.O noJih~i i TYT :>Ke B11pyunm 3 Bii'icbKOM .n.o Cine3ii. TaM

JaMI(U

BiH 3HOBY ni11.K0p11B co6i 3aMKM, SIKi OTIOJibCbKHH KHR3b BJia.nHCJiaB 3axOTIMB,

6 CilleJii

SIK-OT: Kweniu.e, OJibWTHH, Eo6oJiiu;e, E:>Ke3Hiu.e, 0CT:>Kewys, rpa6os,

flzaiillo 3iJo6y8a£

npM'-IOMY 3P.o6yn lx 3a ciM .D.HiB. AJ1e 6iJISI Eonecnasu;R siH CTOHB ciM )J.HiB,

JaMI(U

a:>K noTiM KHSI:>KHa OcpKa, y.n.ona, BiMana, 6o B:>Ke He Mana ll.{O lcTl1 i1: m1TH

1J onoJlbCb· I(JJZO IQUIJll

y JaMKy. OnoJibChKMH KHH3b, 6a'-la'-IH npoTM ce6e noTyry, nKii1 HeMO)J(JIHBO npOTH.D.i.SITH, npo11.aB npyccaM pemry 3aMKiB y OoJibll.{i, ll.{06 KopoJib lx He B3.SIB. BiH To.n,i 3a copoK 3JIOTHX npo.AaB TaKi 3aMKH, .SIK ,ll.o6:>KHH, EoposHHKH, P11niH, 3JioTopH.SI, JiinHiH. Y.epe3 u.e caH,nOMHpCbKHii KauJTeJI.SIH KpuCTHH lxan 3 sii1ChKOM 3JJ.o6ysaTH Qi 3aMKH, aJie i1oro si.n.irHaJIH npyccH. OnoJihChKHH :>Ke KH.SI3b, nparHy'lJH BJ.SITM KOMneHcaL(iiO 3a wKo.n.y, norpa6ynas KpaKiBChKHX Kynu.is, KOTpi lxa.nH 3 Bpou.nana. O.n,HaK Bna,n.ncJiaB, no-

132

KHMrA I cJiaarun CBO€ nirrcbKO, I I (c. 90) 3axonMB y Hboro TaKi MicTa, SIK Jho6JiiHeUb, Ko3Jie, a 6araTo iHnn1x cnycTOWMB. KoJIM 6yJio o6JIO)KeHo OnoJie, KHSI3b EepHaT OJieCHHUbKMH, KHSI3i HaMMCJIODCbKi npocMJIM KopoJin npo xpMCTMSIHCbKY .nonoMory. Kom-1 )K K}'llUi oTpMMaJIH noaHy KOMneHcauiro, To.ni KOpOJib 3Bi JibHMB ai.n o6JiorM OnoJie. PoKy 1497 JIHTOBCbKMi1 KHSI3b BiTonT 3i6paa aeJIHKe aii1cbKO i1: niwoa Ha TaT3p. BiH nepenpas11scn -qepe3 piKy BoJiry, ni.n'ix3B ni.n H3MeTM BeJIMKOI KiJibKOCTi TaT3p, B,n3p11B Ha HMX i po3rpOMMB. BiH 6araTO 83518 IX y llOJIOH 3 ,npy)KMH3MM Ta ,niTbMM, T3K0)K 3 )l.OM3WHbOIO xy,no6010, npM8i8 ix .no JlMT8M i noJI08HHY npncJia8 KopoJie8i /\0 DoJihii.\i. U:i TaT3pn oxpecTMJIHCSI i CTaJIH nOJISIKaMM . .l(pyr3 ll0JI0811H3 TaTap 33JIHWMJI3-

91Tamapu poJ6umi

8 11HT8i, i BOHM i1: .noci )KHBYTb TaM, TPMM3IOl.JHCb TaTapcbKOi aip11; MM ix 3BeMo JIHTOBCbKMMH TaT3paMM. IHmi nHWYTb, rno ui T3TapM 3 T3Tapil CH

6yJI11 33 rpow i npHBe,neHi .no J1MT8H BiT08TOM npOTI1 npyccia. O,nHaK BiTo8T 3a ixHi nocJiyrH ,naB iM ceJI3 i1 80JibHOCTi, i 80HH i1: ,noHHHi HMMH KOpHcTyiOTbCH . .ll.pyrHM pa3oM BiToBT BHpywM8 y noxi.n npoTM TaTap ycynepe-q 80Jii KopoJin i1: noJibCbKOi KopoJieBH, HKi i1oMy ue 3a6opoHSIJIM. AJr.e 8iH 8nepTO CTOH8 Ha CBO€My. KOJIH )K BOHH nepenpaBMJIMCH qepe3 piKy BoJiry, TO Hecno)I.i8aHo no6a'lHJIM He3Jii'tleHHY KiJibKiCTb TaTap i He

1JOJlbH.OCmi JtumolJc&I(JL~

mamap

3HaJIM, rno po611TH. O,nHi p3,n;HJIH yKJiacTH3 HHMH nepeMHp'n, l.Joro caMi He ai,nM08JIHJIM 33 HaJie)KHHH BHKyn, a BiTOBT BOJiiB ,naTH iM 6HTBy. AJr.e BeJIHKHMH T3TapCbKMMH CHJiaMM BOHH 6yJIH OTO'tleHi M po36HTi, Jie)l.Be BiTOBT yTiK Ha 3anacHHX KOHSIX. TaM 6yJIH 86HTi 3 l.JHCJia nOJIHKiB KpaKi8CbKHM BO€Bo,na CnHTKO 3 MeJibWTHHa, nJIOQbKHH BO€BO,na Coxa, aapwaBCbKHH BO€Bo.na TiiJiiK, B3pcHyc 3 Mixanoaa, .HH fJIOBa'tl 3 Eorywa Ta 6araTO iHWHX. To.ni TaTapcbKMM uapeM 6ya T aMepnaH, BeJIHKMH THpaH, nepe,n; SIKHM ,npH)KaJia BCSI A3iH. Poey 1399 BJia,n;HcJiaaoaa Koponeaa .H.nsira noMepJia y KpaKiBCbKOMY 3aMK}' Hea.noa3i niCJISI noJioria. BoHa Hapo.n:HJia ,niB'lHHKy, Ha3BaHy E.nb)K6eTa EoHi<Pauin, KoTpa Ha TpeTiii ,neHb noMepJia, a Jl.naira noMepJia Hea.n;os3i niCJIH Hei, BOCbMoro )l.HSI MiCHQSI qepBHH, npHHHSIBWH CanTi .ZI.apn. BoHa 6yJia llOXOBaHa y KpaKiBCbKOMY KOCTbOJii Ha 3aMKY Ha JiiBOMy 6ou;i xopy HanpOTH 3axpncTSI. Ha ii Ha,n;rpo6ey € TaKHM Hanuc: «Tyr Jie)KHTb noJibCbKHM CM.n, TYT Jie)KHTb ixHn .H,nsira i T. ,l{.» (Hie Sydus Polonorum iacet, hie Eduigis

eorum etc.). Tipo il CBSITiCTb DHCaJIM 6araTO xpoHicTiB: HK CHJibHO BOHa no· CTHJia, no,nasana y6orHM, XO,l{HJia y BJiaCSIHHQSIX, 6yna npH'tiHHOIO TOI'O, ~0 KOpOJib BCTaHOBHB OCaJITHp~MKiB, HKi cniBaiOTb y KOCTbOJii B KpaKiBCbKO· MY aaMK}'. TaK caMo BOHa cnoHyKana KopoJIH .no Toro, ~o BiH aasepwHB BeJIHKHM KonerifM, HKHi13aCH}'BaB Ka3HMHp BeJIHKHH, npnsiswu caM sqeHHX MaricTpiB i )l.OKTOpiB, HiMQiB, tieXiB i DOJISIKiB 3 TiparM • .l(JIH QbOI'O BOHa .nana TaKO)K caoi maTH, KJieHHO,nH, o.nsrr, nepJIH, I I (c. 91) quMano cpi6na H 30JIOTa Ta Bci iHmi, HKi TiJibKH Mana, KOpOJiiBCbKi KJieHHO)l.H, TaKO)K Ha)l.aJia 'IHMaJIO Ha IliDHTaJib )l.JUI B60I'HX. L(e BOHa .ll.Opy11HJia KpaKiBCbKOMf enncKonosi lleTpy MH sipHux pyK Ha a6epiraHHSI. BoRa aan106Ku quTaJia

133

CMepm& 1({Jpou6u Jl(}{Jjzu

ClJs:micm& 1({JpOJUlJu Jl(}/Jizu

KHHrA I OrapHH i HosHi% 3asiT, nepeK1Ia,zJ,eHHH noJibCbKOIO MOBOIO, MOJIHTBH cs. 6pHri~H, )KHTiH CBHTHX My>KiB i KHHrH CB . .AM6po~>KiH. flicJUI ii CMepTi He JlH-

IDHJIOCH >KO~Horo ~i~111.1a. O~HaK BJia~ucnas, 6oSI"'HCh, mo6 11oro noJIHKH He cKHHYJIH 3 KopoJiiscrsa, nocJias csaTiB ~o 1..\WiiiichKoro rpa<}la BiJibreJIIr Ma, mo6 siAD:aB 3a Hboro cso10 ~O'IK)' AHHY, BH}"'aToi cecTpH He6i)KKH ~Bi JiiH.Ha, twiii>C&I(a

rH y TpeTbOM}' KOJiiHi, KOTPY Hapo~HJia ~iBKa Ka3HMHpa ,llpyroro. BoHa 6yJia npHBe3eHa ~o KpaKoBa y JIHnHi 1400 poey IIIbpeMCbKHM KaiiiTemlHOM IsaHOM

1(9poJJe6a 3 0611xosa 3 ~OM}' BeHSIBa, TaKO>K riHKOIO 3 Po rosa 3 ~OM}' ,ll,3IDIOIIIa, .HHoM 3 OcTposa 3 ~OM}' Tonop. AHHa He 3HaJia >KO~Hoi MOBl1, KpiM HiMel.\LKoi, ane

sme aa siciM THmHiB rosopHJia no-noJibCbKH, 1.IOM}' sci ,nusysa.TIHCSI. .Hrafulo rHiBaBCSI Ha CBaTiB 3a Te, 11(0 BOHM Ji HOM}' npHBe3JIH, 60 BOHa 3~a.TiaCSI HOM}' Hei'pe1.1HOIO, O~HaK UIJII06 He 0~pa3y CTaBCSI. jj KOpoHal.\i.H B~6yJiaCSI aJK 1.1epe3 ,nsa poKH, mo6 soHa ,no6pe BMiJia rosopMTH no-noJihChKH. Poey 1403 noCJias noJILCbKHi:f KopoJib Bna,zJ,HCJiaB ~o 6paTa CsH,npHraiina B TipycciiO, mo6 niH nOKHH}'B npyccis i 11..0 Hboro npH6ys, 3a6a.JKaB ~aTM HOM}' '1Jimo6m no~iJibCbKi, )I(H;:(aqiscbKi (Zydaczowskie), CTPMUCbKi (Striyskie) KpaiHH, Cro66o~

')t{OCI(96il0

HHI.\e, lli~OB, KOTpi npHHOC.HTb Il(OpitiHO niBTOpH THCSI1.1i rpHBeHb. CBl1ll..pHraHnO 1.\e npHHHHB, a.rre 6ys HeDOCTiHHHM i, npHHHHBUIH, nOrOplJ.HB 1..\HM, CXHJIHBC.H 11..0 npyccis. BiH qHHHB seJIHK)' UIKOIJ.Y B JIHTBi, 6o B 1.\eH qac BhosT npOBa,zJ.HB BeJIHK)' BiHHY npOTH MOCKOBCbKOrO KHSI3.H BaCHJI.H, B3.HB y HhOrO CMoJieHCbK, 3 KOTporo CTapocTa BacHJib YTiK s YropmHHY i TaM noMep. PoKy 1404 noJibChKl1H KopoJib BJI~HCJiaB noCJiaB Bicno10 1.1epea llpycciiO ,no ParHeTH 36i>K>KH i1 nposiaHT ~JIH BiTOBTa, 6o TOIJ.i y JIHTBi 6ys semi-

9"01100

y J'lum6i

KMH roJio,n, mo6 BiTOBT no csoii:f soJii si,nso3MB 1.\e co6i 11.0 JIHTBH. Ane npycChKHH MaricTp Y Jibpix 3axOIIHB 1.\e, KaJK}'"llH: «L(e DOCHJiaiOTb noraHHM 36pOIO npOTH HaC, xpHCTMRH». IlOCJiaB ,no HbOfO UOJibCbKHM KOpOJib, 11(06 MaricTp nosepsyn 1.\e ~o6poniJILHO, a.Tie Toi:f He cxoTis TaK B"'HHHTH. To~i KopoJIL

CKJIHKan ce:HM .zvm noJihCbKHX naHin i pMI.\apcTBa y BoJib6omy B ,neHb Pi3~Ba !!Tpyccu ,[(isH Mapii, Ha KOTPHH "'eKas np116yrrSI BhosTa 3 JIHTBH, a.rre 1..\hOro He cTaiJaiOm&

npu6W Jioc.H, 6o TOH rpoMHB npyccin, MCT.HqHch 3a Te, mo CBHlJ.pHraiino s.n.epc.H .n.o iJo 6ii1Hu

JIHTBH. Mim THM npycCbKMH MaricTp BHCTfllHB npOTH IJOJibll(i, 3aXODMB ,lJ,o6>KHHChKY 3eMJIIO, CTRBUIM 5JKy6a 3 llJIOHiH, CTapocry 3 ~OM}' llpyccis, 3lJ.06}'BaB MicTa: ,[(o6posHiK, 3JJOTOPHIO, EH,n.rm~ i T.lJ.. IloqyswH npo 1.\e, KOponh 3i6panc.H 3 nii1chKOM ~o EM,n.romi, .HKa 6yna B3HTa. BiH xoTiB ixaTH ~a.rri, a.Tie Ha liiJIRxy HOfO 3YCTpiJIM KHSI3i CUie3hKi, OJieCHHU:hKi, BpOIJ:JiaBChKi i CBM~

HHQhKi I I (c. 92) nilJ. pHMCbKOro i qechKOro KopOJISI CHri3MYHlJ.a, SIKi YKJia'Bupol( JIH B3a€MHe nepeMHp '.H BilJ. cepe.n.nocTa aJK lJ.O cs. IoaHHa XpecTHTeJI.H. KoJIH 'UCf>I(9ZO

I(!Jp0ll$l

~gCiJo

o6upaHH.R nO/lbCf>l(pZO

1(9p0ll$l

?oficm na w6Htv(

>K lJ.06ir KiHI.\.H TepMiH nepeMHp '.H, qechKHH KOpOJib BHpiiiiHB, 11(06 llOJihCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO HiKOJIH He 06Hpa.TIO co6i KOpOJISI 3i CXi~HOfO KpaiO, TiJibKM i3 3aXilJ.Horo, ssa>KaJOqH, 11\0 Ha cxo~i >KHBYTb TiJihKH .H3HqHHKH. A KopoJih Bna,AHCJiaB 3 6paTOM BiTOBTOM TaeMHO )l.OMOBHJIHC.H HTH sii1HOIO lJ.O llpyccii. PoKy 1410 noJihChKHH Koponh Bna,n.HcJJas snpywHB 3i csoiMM siucbKaMH 11..0 ITpyccii, 6iJISI tJepseHChKa 6yno TO)l.i 36y,nosaHo MicT Ha l.IOBHax qepea Bicny. tJepe3 1.\eH MicT Ha lJ.pyrHi1 )l,eHh niCJISI cs. lleTpa i1 ITasna nepenpasHJIOCR BCe BiHCbKO pa30M 3i BCiM He06XilJ.HHM. L(hOfO lJ.HH lJ.O KOpOJIR

134

KHIIrA I np~t~lxaa BiTonT 3i cnoiMM JIHTOBQ.HMM i TaTapaMH, TaKO)K Ma3oBeQbKi KH.H3i

CeMOBIIT i .HHyrn, ,lJ.O npyccil B~t~pyrnHJIH B)Ke sci pa30M. llMTBa M TaTapM KHHYJIMC.H Ha KornMHeQbKMM KOCTbOJI i norpa6yaan11 iioro, KOJIH TaM cniaaJIM «Eoropo,n.MQIO» . .HK TiJibKH BiTOBT .n;oai.n;aac.H npo Qe, TO HaKa3aB Hai16iJibrnHx BMHYBaTQiB BH.HBHTM i nonicMTH aa QbOMY caMOMy MiCQi. Qe MycMJIH Bt{HHMTH, aJie noTiM )KO,lJ.eH He CMiB llOC.HraTM Ha KOCTbOJI. KoJIH BOHM npHMUIJIM ,ZJ,O piKH ,l{pneHQH, TO npyccH 3MiQHHJIH CBiM 6eper 3eMJI.HHHMH yKpinJieHH.HMM i BOrHenaJibHOIO 36p0€10, noncynanM MOCTM, qepe3 ~0 Harni He MOfJIH TaM nepenpaBHTMC.H, niWJIH a)K Ha ropy i B ,D.eHb CB. MaJifO)KaTM

Cy6opa l(!lpa 'Bi· mo8ma mu.M, J(!TIO zpa5y£ c6.RmuHi

CTaJIH 6iJI.H cena BHCOKoro no6JIH3Y ,l{3.HJI,lJ.OBa, npm1H.HJIM TaM Cn.s~Ti ,Uap11 B ,ZJ,eHb CB. llOCJiaHQiB. Y BiBTOpOK ll01.{aJIHC.H TaKi BiTep, ,D.O~ i 6JIMCKaBKM, ~0 6araTO npycCbKMX HaMeTiB 6yJio 3aHeCeHO, a Hawi pynmJIMC.H i THXO CTa-

JIM 3a .n;ni MMJii ai.n; ,l(a6poaHa y xau~ax 6iJI.H cena TaHHeH6ayM (Tanembryku). llOCTaBHBWM TaM HaMeTM, KOpOJib 3paHKY BI1CJiyxaa ,lJ.Bi MeCM. TMM qaCOM

?(ppollb y Ha.Memi CJLy{.a8 .Mecy,

npu6ynu O,lJ.MH 3a .n;pyruM .n.sa nocna ni.n; BiTOBTa, noni.z:t;OMJI.HIO't{H, ~o npyccu po3TawyaaJIMC.H Heno.n;aniK. KopoJih Qboro He cno.u.iaanc.H i He xoTia no- a 6~iizac KMH}'TM ca.s~ry Mecy. B Qeii qac BiToaT BHWHKyaaa CBO€ aiHCbKO, a KpaKiBCbKMM Met{HHK 3HH.z:t;paM 3 MalllKOBMQb WBH.U.KO BHUIMeyaaa TaKO)K i noJibCbKi BiHCbKa: 6yno p03,ZJ,aHO n'.HT,ZJ,eC.HT llOJlbCbKHX npano piB KOMaH.z:t;yaaqaM, a B

nocoA&cm9o 6W '1Jimo6ma no6Wo}tULJl.Jlo,

1g0

npyccu

fhlce

6AUJb1(9

JIHTOBCbKOMY BiMCbKY- copOK. llpyccbKHX )Ke 6yno CTO n'.HT,lJ.eC.HT O,ZJ,MH npanop. TYT npuMqaa TpeTiM nocoJI, noai.n;oMJI.HJO't{H, ~o npyccu B)Ke TYT· ane Koponh He PYlllHB ai,n. MecH .z:t;OTH, .z:t;OKH caM BiTOBT He noqaa KpMtiaTH, ~06 KOpOJib n epecraa t{HTaTH MOJIMTBM ( «Pacierzy») , a ci.z:t;aB Ha KOH.H i MWOB

?(i::&01U7Ja.M

mpe6a

npoTM aopora. TYT )Keno Meci Koponh Bna.n;ucnaa nopyq11a ce6e focno.n;y .MoflumuC.R, oory i cia Ha rHi,lJ.OfO KOH.H. IlHcap.HM Ta KCbOH,lJ.3aM BiH HaKa3aB iTM ,ZJ,O Ta- a He 6o106amu 6opy, a caM eTas npoMOBJI.HTM .n;o puQapcTaa, npura.u.yroq11 IM KpHB,lJ.H, wKo.UM Ta llOCTiMHe npOJIMTT.H HeBMHHOI Kpoai xpHCTH.HH, ~06 BOHH CMiJIMBO ,ui.HJIM He TiJibKM npoTM QHX, a i1 npoTH KO)KHOro TaKoro aopora. TMM qacoM npyCCbKHM MaricTp Y Jibpix noCJiaB KOpOJieBi ,lJ.BOX nOCJiiB 3i muTaMH i ,UBOMa OfOJieHHMM MeqaMM; Ha O,lJ.HOMY mMTi 6ya r ep6 tieCbKOfO KOpOJI.H: qopHHH opeJI y 30JIOTOMY noni; Ha ,upyroMy- wTeTHHCbKoro I I (c. 93) KH.H3.H: qepaoHMH rp114> y 6iJioM}' noJii. A Qe nocoJihCTBO TaK npoMOBMJIO ,n.o KOpoJisr no-HiMe.QbKM: «CnanHMH KopoJIJO! llpycchKMH MaricTp YJihpix noCJiaa T06i ,D.Ba Metii: O,lJ.MH T06i, a ,npyrHH TBO€M}' 6pary, mo6 BM He ryp6yaaJIHCb, ~0 y sac ix MaJIO, i CMWHBillle 3 HaMM 3iHWJIHCb . .HKmo )K T06i TicHe noJie, TO Bi,D.CryDH 3i CBOfO i JHaM,lJ.M TaM, ,lJ.e 6y.n;e npocTopo i T06i, i HOM}'». KopoJih, npHMHSIBWH Meqi, He rHiaaacsr, He ai,n.noai,naa nuxaTo, TiJihKH JiTXHya, .n;opyqua QIO cnpaay focno.n;y Eory i cKa3aa: «XO"' .H MaiO .n.ocTaTHbO CBO€i 36poi, ane i .QHMM He norop.z:t;~IO qepe3 Te, mo .QMMM MeqaMH MeHi no,n.a€TbCSI3HaMeHHSI nepeMorH 3a Bo)KOJO noMititiiO)). (IJ;i Meqi 8 HMHi € y CKap6i.) llpoMOBHBlllH .Qe, BiH HaKa3aB y,n.apHTM B 6apa6aHM CHfHa.JI ,lJ.O 6010~ a npocTOJIIO,lJ. cniaaa «Eoropo,n.M.QIO». JlMTBa 3 TaTapaMH aunycTHJIH 3 .nyxis rycri CTJ>i.nH aaqe rp~. 3axMapHB1IIH He6eca, ane qepe3 Te, w;o Qe 6yJio MaHjl(e fOlie BiHCbKO, BOHM, nepWHMM BCryDHBWH y 6i:H, M}'CHJIH Bi,n.crynaTH ne-

pe.n. HiMQSIMH. JlHTOBCbKe BiHCbKO 6yJio JJiaMaHe npyccaMH TaK,

135

UJ;O ,AeSIKi

3!Pi-6aAt nocoA&cm9o

KHHrA I M'laJIH ,li.O JIHTBH 3 HeneBHHMH HOBMHaMH, KaJKY'IH , I.U;O nOJibCbKidi KOpOJib 3 BiTOBTOM i 3 yciM ai:HcbKOM 6ya .nom:eHry poa6MTI1H. Y Qei1 qac BTeKJia <t{tJC.JpcWu6 xopyroa ca.IOpi.H, ~0 CKJia.lzy .SlKOl BXO,ll,11JIH HaHMaHi qexM H MOpaaaH.H. l..{i€10 no;uu(j6 xopyrBOIO KOMaH~BaB qex .HH )l(apHOBCbKMH, KOTpOrO llOTiM 6y110 llOJ6aaJieHO Qi€1 qecTi. Eaqaq11 Qe, noJibCbKi poTM MY»<HiMM cuJiaMM B,ll,api1JI11 Ha npycciB 3 TaKHM rpOMOM i TpicKOM 36poi, Ha'le BnaJia BeJIMKa Be»<a; BOHM JJiaMaJIH aecb IXHiH JiiBMH q)JiaHr, a»< JJ.O TI1JIY ,niMlllJIH. fiaqaq.u TaKf BeJIHKf ~ipy, . . . . npycc11 Bl,ll,CT)'llMJIH, '111M fil)J.HeCJIH HalllMM .l\yx; 3HOBY llllCTHa):\Q.SITb 3afOHlB, TaKO)l( 6araTo xopyroa Jii1wJiocn 3 noJI.HKaMH s 6HTBi, aJie ii Qi 6ym1 ai~611Ti. !TTp!JCCbi(JlU llpoTe o,nHH M)OI<Hii1 HiMeQb,li.inoJib,ll, KiKE»<HQ3 f.Jib3acy (Lusacyiey), .HKHH MaB 'DinoJit.J

Ha a6poi no30JIO'lleHMH nac i 6ys y 6inoM}' Kanrypi, npo611scn 'llepea nOJibCbKi 3afOHI1, Onl11-IHBCn B»<e 6im1 KOpOJI.Sl i HaMip.HDC.Sl D,ll,apHTH HOfO CfiHCOM. A B Qei1 qac 36irH€B 3 OJieCHHI.\i, KOTpHii noTiM 6ys Kap,nHHaJIOM, a6MB i1oro 2Jt.JIU'ZHQ 6tlm6a 3 KOH.Sl, Koponb npo611a i1oro Ha aeMni poraTMHOIO, a nixoTa norpa6yaaJia. l..{MMM llliCTHa):\Q.SITbMa xopyrBaMH KOMaH.ZzyBaB O,AHH KOMT)'p, C~.Sl'IM Ha 6iJio'1\p.Mmypu- M}' KOHL BiH KpH'llaB, m:o6 s.nap111111 Ha npas11i1 ¢JiaHr, .ne CTO.HJia Hai16inhllla ~ R.'(!J IUU KopoJiiBCbKa xopyron, TaK Ti i B'IHHHJIH. 3Hoay HiMQi .no6pe aiM:rwmcn y 611Tai 6oe6oiJu 3 fiOJI.SIKaMH i ,AOBfO 6HJII1C.Sl, spewTi BOHH 6y1111 QiJIKOM OTO'IeHi llOJI.SIKaMH i ,ll,OI.U;eHT)' po3rpOMJieHi. Y 1.\bOMY BiHCbKY aarHHYB caM npyccbKHH MaricTp YJibpix i3 KOMrypaMH , KOTpMx, nK nMIIIe CiJihBii1, 6yno TpHcTa. ITonnKH BJ.HJIM a nonoH KoHpa,na, KH.HJ.Sl OJieCHHI.\bKoro, i KH.SIJ.Sl lliTeTHHChKoro, a u;i 6yJIH 3 npyccbKoro 6oKy, xo'lla noxO,ll,MJnl 3 po.ny noJibChKHX KopoJiiB. B3.HTO 6yJio i1 Kopq,nop¢a (Korczdorph) 3 TOsapMIIIaMH Ta iHlllHX HiMu;is 3 pi3HHX !TTpyccal(_u JK06y Hapo.ll.iB. Y ixHix Ta6opax 6yJIH 3Hai1,neHi piJHi peqi ,nJin nOJI.HKia: nOJIOTHO, 6yH.m!JIOm& npOC.SIKHYfe JIO€M 3 »<MBIU~eiO Ta BOCKOM, npHrOTOBaHe ,l\JI.Sl KaryaaHHSI noXji(§:JICUij

136

KHMrA I JUIKin, naHu.JOrn, m.o Ha Hi1.J I I (c. 94) ~onKona 3aMMKamtcSI, MOTY3KH (stryczky), np11roTonaHi AJI.SI Hanmx. Eyno 3Haii~eHo TaKO)K ~OCHTb SMHa, ane Koponb HaKa3an iioro 3HMIJ.{HTI-r qepe3 HKYCb oTpyry. fHaJIH HiMQis micTb MI1Jlb, rpOMJISI1.JH IX: BCbOfO 6yno npyCCbKOrO siHCbKa 6JII13bKO n 'SIT,neCSITH THCH'-1, a s6HTHX 6yno 30 000. Ue .niHJIOCSI y sinTopoK y .neHh cs. nocnaHQin Toro ~inr,l(jcmr, y6umuJ( poKy', RK 3a3Ha1.JeHO sHm.e. TiJia 3Ha1.JHimHx 6ynH ypo"'HCTO noxosaHi, B3RTi npyccal(j8 B llOJIOH )KQBHipH 6yJIH SiJibHO S~n~eHi, 60 SOHH CJIY)KHJIH 3a )KQBHipCbKi rpomi. To~i noJI.SIKH oTpHMaJIH Hea6HRKY 3~06H1.J ni.n npyccaKin i TaKy 3BHTHry, KOTpa 6y_ne CJiaBHTHCSI y BiKax; B3SIJIH n'HT,ll.eCSIT npanopin, SIKi llOBiCHJIH a KOCTbOJii ca. CTaHicnasa y KpaKiscbKOM)' 3aMKY· lloTiM Koponh o6JIO)KHB Manh6opK y ~eHh en. 51Ky6a, ane 1.1epe3 Te m.o BiTOBT ni.a.npocHBCSI .a.o.a.oMy 3 HKoich noTpe6H, nt< i Ma3oDeU.hi<i KHH3i, Koponb o6JIHWHS o6nory is ,neHh cs. MaT<peR ni.a.cTynHs ~o H enoJIOMHQb, a 3 HenonOMHQb iimos nimKH ~o KpaKona, si.a.ni,nyJ01.JH cs.HTi MiCQH, a nepe.n HHM HeCJIH ~0 KOCTbOJiy npycCbKi npanopH. llpyccaKH 3Hony 3i6panHcH, Ha6panH iHwe siiichKO- i3 CaKCOHii i si.a. pHMCbKoro KoponR CHri3MyH,na. EaqaqH u.e, noJI.SIKH 3 Manoi Ta BeJIHKOi ilOJibll{i i 3 iHWHX Kpais 3i6panH SiHCbKO S 6000. llpyccis )Ke 6yno 6JIH3bKO .a.ecRTH THCSI1.J. BoHH 3iHWJIHC.SI 6iJI.SI KopoHona 11 6MJIHCb TaK MY)KHbO, a,)K sci noTOMHJIHCH. O,nHH npyccaK 3aKpHqas, m.o6 si~n01.JHJIH: «Frit, frit», i sci npHCTaJIH Ha Qe. KoJIH )K BOHH sTepJIH co6i qoJia 11 s i .nno1.JHJIH, I I (c. 95) ,naBWH C06i 3HaKH, 3HOBY B,ll.apHJIH O~Hi Ha ~pyrHX 6e3 )KQ~HOrO )KaJIJO. THM qacoM .HHyw Miio3WH rep6a « T onop>> npo6HBCR ~o ixHhOro npanopa, s6Hn xopyH)KOro, yxonHB npanop, 3anxas iioro co6i 3a na3yxy i npHM1.JaB ~0 CBOIX. [(HM BiH ni.a.ipBaB .a.yx HiMIJ.SIM, 60 BOHH BTpaTHJIH CBiH npanop, CTaJIH si.ncrynaTM, 3MiwanwHcb, TiKaJIH XTO KY~" Mir. lloJIHKH, ~oraH.SIJ01.JH ix no nOJISIX i nicax, py6anH, .SIK xy.n;o6y: y u.ii16HTBi 3arHHyno

Cnpa6tiJJtu8a 6um8a !TfpyccaiQL

]1UJ6y 6YHm!JIOTTU>

~eC.SITb THC.SI1.J HiMIJ.iB.

PoKY 1411 6yno yKJI~eHo MHP Mi)K nOJibCbKHM KoponeM Ta BiTosTOM Y'zoiJa npycca· 3 o~Horo 6oKY Ta npyccbKHM MaricTpoM KoHp~oM 3 .n;pyroro Ha TaKHX YMO- JJC.aMU sax: llOJibCbKHH KOpOJib MaS nosepHJTH MaricTposi sci 3aMKH H MicTa, KOTpi 3axonHs, 3SWbHMTH scix a' H3His. A npyccbKHH MaricTp Mas .n;aTH nOJibCbKoMY KOpOJIIO rpomony KOMneHCaQiJO 3a STpaTH: CTO THCH1.J KOll JIHTOSCbKHX rpomeH. AJie MaricTp He )J.OTpHMaS CSOrO CJIOSa, TOM)' 3HOBy 6yna 6HTSa, npo ~o i1THMeTbCR HH)K1.Je. [(&oro )K poKY .n.saHa.D:U.RTb xopyron yropu.is s.n.epJIHCR .no KopoHHoi 3eMni i cKpi3b, ~e TiJI&KH MOrJIH, nJIJOH.n;pysanH il 3 .ZJ.03sony ixHbOro KopoJIH CHri3M)'H.n.a. nonHKH, 3i6pasmHCb, M)')KHbO ix po3rpoMHJIH iT. .n. TioTiM, poKY 1412, Kopon& Bn~Hcnas ni.nnpasHSCSI/1.0 Yropm.HHH i 6ys TaM BNf1.JHO npHHHRTHi1 pHMCbKHM KoponeM CHri3M}'H.D:OM; KopoJib CHri3M)'H~, noMHpnnwuc& 3 HHM, nosepHYB HOM}' KOPOHY, CKineTp i Koponinc&- !Tfo6ep1UHM no.n&ee.'(pi KY .n;ep)I{Clsy, RK}' susi3 JIJO.n;BiK 3 MaTip'IO. )J;o Taro >K Curi3M}'H.ll: .n;as HOM)' 1(9pOHU cpi6H}' WKaT}'JIK}', HanOBHeHy CSRTHMH MOII.{aMH, RKa 6yna 3aneqaTaHa m.e JIIO.nsiKOM. BnpymHBlliH 3Bi,nTn, Koponh npnixas .no Pyci H 3BeJiiB TO)J.i pyc&-

KY 1.\epKBy cs. loa.HHa y TiepeMHCbKOM)' 3aMKY, 36y.n;oBa.JIY 3 TecaHoro KaMeHJO,

137

KHHrA I nepeHeCTH Ha ~iJI, ~e BOHa M HMHi € y cpyH~aMeHTi BeJIHKOfO KOCTbOJIY cs. Ioauua. Ue BMKJIMKaJIO anaque uapiKaHHSI pycuuis. Y .QeM qac 3 Yropll(H· HM npHIXaJIH noCJIH BU KopoJI.H CHri3M}'H~a. cBaTa .HraMJia: ecTeproMCbKHM apxienHcKon JIH, KyXMicTp MixaJI, sii1T uosoro MapKrpacpcTBa. Bou11 npoCHJIH, w;o6 BiH noaHqHB CHri3M}'H.z:r.y copoK THCSiq Kon IliHpoKHX rpoweii

(szerokich groszy) AJISI noTpe6u Ha iMnepaTopcTBO. BouH npocHJIH TaKoJK, 1.1(06 3BiJibHHB npyccbKOfO MaricTpa 3 BHnJiaTH BH3Ha'leHoi C}'MH 1 60 KOpO}Ib Bna~HcJiaB B3RB .QIO cyM}' y BHna,z:r.Ky, He ,z:r.as cyMH ua yMosneuuii qac. 3a

nopa,z:r.oiO noJibChKHX naHiB KopoJib BJia)l.HCJiaB noaHqHB ara,z:r.auy cyMy yropcbKOMY KoponiO CuriaMyH.D.Y ua TaKHX fMOBax: RKW:O TOM He nosepue ii aa piK, TO Ha .z:r.pyrHM piK Ma€ Bi)l.)l.aTH B)l.Bi'li 6iJiblliY CyM}', aHa TpeTiMBTputii 6iJiblliY, ll(O MaJIO CRruyru ne3Jii'leHHHX cyM. Poey 1413 liHTna 6yna n.z:r.pyre npH€~HaHa i1 3anucaua .z:r.o lloJILI.l.\i 3aB)l.SIKH ,z:r.iHHHRM Kopon.H BJia,z:r.HcJiana i 3 ,ll.03BOJIY BiTonTa. Koponb ~~<e

(C. 96) poa,z:r.aBaB JIHTOBCbKHM pH.Qap.SIM rep611 llOJibCbKHX naHiB 3 )].0380.11}' ocTaHHix, a 3a oco6JIHBi ,z:r.apu ywnHxeTHHB ix; npo .Qe nosnillle po3noni)l.aETbCH y fOJIOBHHX }IHCTaX llOJibCbKOfO 3'E,z:r.HaHHH 3 JIHTBOIO. Y QeH )Ke 'laC )l(MY)l.b, KOTpa IKHJia Ha CBiTi Hi611 HKeCb 6H)l.JIO, BWaHOBYBaJia HK Bora sorOHb Ta nTamoK y nici, ro.z:r.yiO"'H .z:r.ymi ua Monmax, sipR"111 B piaui qapu, 6yJia oxpew:eHa i MaJia cnoro enucKona B Me,z:r.HHKax. )KM}')l.CbKa 3eMJI.SI JieiKHTb Ha niBHO'li no6JIH3Y MOpH, MilK llpycci€10 Ta lucpJIHH.U.i€10, Me~~<yiO"'H Ha nin,z:r.Hi 3 JlHTBOIO. Ue xoJIO,lJ.Ha, MoKpa, JiicucTa Kpalua, 6araTa ua Me,z:r., 3Bipa, xy,z:r.o6y. JliO,z:r.H B HiM npocTi i1 ue.z:r.6aJii, ixu10 1(ppoJLr, JO :>IC.MyiJCI>I\PZO nepe-

JQZaiJaw 'J(ppOJLI> IJ010E !1Ipycci10

Mosy uixTo He po3yMiE, xi6a mo caMi ce6e Ta w:e TpoxH lx po3yMiiOTb JIHTOB.Qi. KoJIH lx oxpemysaJIH, TO caM Koponb Man iM .Qe TJiyMa"'HTH i B"'HTH «0T'le Haiii», O)l.HaK HHHi B)l(e 6araTO IX 3HaE pycbKY MOBy. Poey

1414 KopoJib BJiap,HcJiaB 3 BiTOBTOM qepe3 ue,z:r.oTpHMaHHR yMo-

BH Ta llOCTaHOBH Bi,z:r.npaBHJIHCSI )].0 llpyccii 3 TaKHM BiMCbKOM, HKOfO HiKOJIH He MaJIH, i B3RJIH 6araTo MicT i cin. XpecTouoc.Qi )I( ue ~oTpHMaJIH csoro CJIOBa, 'IU:O MaJIH CYMY B 10 000 KOll JIHTOBCbKHX rpomeH Bi)l.KJiaCTH Ha nenHi qacH. KonH Bna,z:r.HcJiaB 3 BiTosTOM o6JIO)l(HJIH Epo,z:r.Hi.Qe, TO ,z:r.o HHX np11ixas nancbKHM nocoJI, KOTpHi1 yKJiaB MilK HHMH MHP TepMiHOM ua ,z:r.na poKH, -w:o6 .Qei1: TepMiH cKiH'HIBCR nicJI.H Toro Co6opy, ua KOTpoMy 6yJio cnaJieHO JIHa fyca. ToMy KOpOJib ni,z:r.'ixan 3 npyccil.

9t{oJLiJaiJauu nii>l(f)p1010m IJCJL 1\PpoJLeiJi

PoKY 1415 MOJI,z:r.aBCbKMH rocno.n.ap OJieKcau.n.p 3 .u.py)l(HHOIO i cnoiM pHu.apcTBOM np11ixas ,z:r.o CH.SITHHa i HaJie)l(He niMaHcTBO BiMaB noJibCbKOM)' KOpOJIIO.

1\jJ~temau

muuonoJLr, o6JLo:HCmo

Uboro iK poKY np11iXaJIH nocJIH 3 KoucTaHTHHOnoJIH, npocHt.JH npo p,onoMory Mi)l.)l.IO, 60 BOHH BHaCJii,lJ.OK 06JIOfl1 rypKaMH llOTepmum Bi)l. fOJIOP,y. Uboro )I( poKy ua Co6opi .z:r.yxoseucTsa s KoucTaH.Qi rueaueHChKHM apxienHcKon ,z:r.o6HBCH ,D.JIH ce6e JIHCTiB i 3 Toro qacy nmneTbCH npHMacoM.

'l!famap 6 '10mr, cniAIJHO

~ei1 )l(e qac no cMepTi TaTapcbKoro xaua CoJITaua, KOTpHi1 ,z:r.anas

BiToBTY ,z:r.onOMory )1.0 npyccii TaB iHIIIHX OKa3iHX, Ha 6aTbKiBCbKe MiCI..\e ai:Hmos :Horo CMH KopaM6epp,eu (Koramberden), seJIMKMil sopor BiTOB-

138

KHMrA I Ty. AJie npoTH HhOro BiToBT ni.u.6yp11s iHworo xaHa - EeTcy6yna 'Buympiwui yco6ulji (Betsubula), no-TaTapcbKH- ToxTaMHWa, i 3po611s i1oro y BiJihHi npasH- .Mix TeJieM, .u.asw11 iioMy KopoHy, npHE,n:HaswM .u.o Hhoro csolx TaTap. 3 a Qe BiH CTaB seJIMKMM npluiTeJieM BiTOBTY i noMiqHMKOM y KO)f(Hii1 noTpe6i, ane iioro noTiM 3api3as pi,n:HMi1 6paT. PoKy 1416 qex11 nocJiaJIM .n:o KopoJISI Bna.u,Mcnasa, ~o6 siH 6ys lxHiM naHOM, ane siH IM si.u,MOBMB, 6o BOHH si.n:ipsaJIMCH si.n: pHMCbKoro nocnyweHCTsa, o,n:HaK BOHH nOCJiaJIM y Qii1 cnpasi .n:o iioro 6paTa BiTosTa. CaM BiTosT He nolxas ,n:o 'llexil, ane nocJias 3aMiCTh ce6e 6paTa Kop116yTa, B3HBWH Ha Qe ,n:o3BiJI y noJibChKoro KopoJIH. I I (c. 97) O,n:HaK Toi1 He xoTiB IXHhOI sip11 npHHHSITH, TOMY MyCHB nerKo BMixaTH. Qhoro )I( poKy noMepJia .n:pyra .n:py)f(MHa .Hrai1na- AHHa. BiH B3HB TpeTIO .u,py)f(HHy, fpaHOBCbKY 3 )l;OMY fliJieQbKMX 0TTiB (Ottow), aJie ii 3 HeiO He.u.osro )f(I1B, 6o qepe3 TPH poKH nicJIH mmo6y i QH .n:py)f(HHa noMepJia. To.u.i siH B3HB 3ocpKy, ,n:oqKy KMIBChKoro KHH3H IsaHa, KpacHBY i spo,n:JIHsy; B fopo.n:KY soHa 6yJia oxpe~eHa i1 si.n:.n:aHa Koponesi, 6o soHa 6yJia pychKOI sip11, i Iii 6yJio ,n:aHo iM 'H CocpiH. Iii cnpasMJIH ryqHe seciJIJIH y 1424 poQi, Ha HKe 6yno 3anpoweHo pHMChKoro KoponH CHri3MyH,n:a 3 KOponesoro i ,n:aTChKoro KoponH EpiKa. Ha II KopoHaQiiO np116ys Kap,n:HHaJI 3 llnaQeHTH (Placencyey) EpaH,n:T (Branda) op.u,eHy CB. KJiiMeHTa. 3a ix HaKa30M np11ixas i Kop116yT 3 'llexii 3 noqToM y 500 KiHHOTHMKiB. Eys TaKO)f( i 6asapCbKMii KHH3b JliO)l;OBiK, 6paT cppaHQY3bKOI KOpOJieBM, KOTporo He 6yno 3anpomeHO, BiH npHIXaB TiJibKM llO)l;MBMTMCH, B)l;HqHO 6ys npMi1HHTMii. EyJIM TaKO)f( KHH3i Ma3oBeQhKi, onOJihChKi, TEWMHChKi, paQi6opchKi, KOWJieHChKi, )f(araHChKi, OCBeHQiMChKi, onaBChKi; Bi,n: npyccbKOfO MaricTpa 6yJio ,n:sa KOMrypH: TopyacbKMii Ta Enb6JIOH3bKMii. TaKO)f( JIMTOBChKi KHH3i, llOJibCbKi €llHCKOlll1 3 fH€3HeHCbKHM apxiEnMCKOilOM Boi1QeXOM, sci BOHH IJIH B o,n:Hiii naJiaTi, SIKY 3BaJIM JlaCKOBeQb. nocepe,n:HHi cis KopOJib CMri3MyH,n:, npasopyq si.u. Hboro - KopoJib BJia.u,McJias, noTiM Kap,n:MHaJI 3i csoiMM EilMCKonaMM; nisopyq BitJ. CHri3MyH,n:a c11,n:is ,n:aTCbKHH KopoJih 3 iHmHMM KHSI3SIMM Ta iHWMMM naHaMM; )f(HJIH y KpaKosi n'HTHa)l;QSITb.lJ:His. lli,n:Tsep,n:MBWM siqHMH MMP Mi)f( co6o10, BOHM po3'ixaJIMCH .u.o csoix ,n:oMiB. PoKy 1432 KopoJIL BJia.u,McJiaB si.n: cTapocTi TaK xsopis oqMMa, ~o HasiTh He Mir 6aqHTM TiJia focno,n:HLoro, xi6a ~o cs.s~ ~eHMK iioMy 6JIM3bKO ni,n:HOCMB. 'llMM ,l(aJii, TMM 6iJihWe xsopo6a CTana i1oro nepeMaraTM. Kon11 siH 6ys y llmHwosi, To, ~o6 He ne»<aTH xsopHM, ixaB .u.o Jiicy, ~o6 noqyrH conos' .s1, i cnyxas H:oro .u.o onisHoqi nicJI.H CBHTa cs. BoiiQexa y n'HTHHQIO. llpMixaswH .u.o fopo,l(Ka y CBHTKosy cy6oTy, siH CH.l(iB 3a CTOJIOM 3 noCJiaMH MOJlll.aBCbKOfO BO€BO,l(H, i TO.U.i HOfO OXOilMJia rap.s~qKa, KOTpa H:oro TPMMana 17 .U.HiB. llpMHHHBWH CsHTi ,ZJ;apH, Koponb noMep B ocTaHHii1 ,l(eHh TpaBHH i 6ys noxosaHMH y KpaKosi Ha npasiH: CTOpoHi KOCTbony. Horo cMepTb Bi~ysana KOMeTa, HKY 6yno BH.U.HO TPH MicHQi. Qeii KopOJib 3i CBOIMM 6paTaMM 6ys BeJIHKHM fOHHTeJieM llOJibCbKOfO KoponiscTsa .u,oTH, .u,oKH H:oro He ocBHTHB focno.u,h Bor CsoiM

139

mamapa.Mu

'B11aOuCIIa6

nozopiJxyE ll{ecbi(U.M

1(9po11i6cm8oM JM!Ul

6ipu

'lJecillbHUU 6en~qm l(ppOAA

;um6epmmo CJpyxuiWIO 'l(ppo1!i8c~>l(j

zocmi

1\JJpOIU> Jlzaii.M J~6opi8

CMepmt>

Jlzaii.Jia

KHHrA I CB.HTHM xpecTOM. Qe 6ya "'OJIOBiK ,no6poro cepQ.H, cepe.U.Hboro pocTY, MaB JlzoU...a BH,lt.OB)I(eHe o6JIH"''I.H, BeJIHKi syxa, M'SIKHU fOJIOC, 'IOpHi Mani, ane HeCDOKiifHi oqi; BiH nerKo 3HOCHB TaKi Tpy,nHoiid, .HK xono.n, roJio,n, siTep, .lJ.HM, cnpara, HeCTa"'a i:>Ki, cneKa. Y MHCJIHBCTBi p03yMiBC.H, He MaB co6o.JIHHHX a6o SIKHXOCb iHlliHX KOlliTOBHHX lliaT. ,lf;o BiHHH 6ys HeOXO'IHM, nepeBa)I(HQ nepeKJia.u.as Qi o6os'.H3KH I I (c. 98) Ha iHmHx, qepe3 KO)I(Hi TPH .U.Hi 6ysas y na3Hi .no nony,nH.H, 6ys cnoKiHHHH, .no 3JJO"'HHQiB MHJIOCTHBHH. BiH HeOXO'Ie DHB BHHO, xi6a ~0 DHBO Ta BO,ny 3 npHnpasaMH, apoMaTHHX pe'leH He TPHMaB, Ha3HBaJO"'H Qe neqie10; siH ,nonro 6ynas y KOCTbOJii, He norop.n)KyBaB y6orHMH, caM BHcnyxonysas lxHi KpHB.U.H, niHHBHM 6ys .no KapaHHR. TpHMaBC.H 6araTbOX MaTepHHCbKHX 3BH"'ais ~o.no qap, a iioro MaTH 6yna pycHHKa: KOJIH BiH BHDa,lt.KOBO B3yBaB cnepwy Jiisy HOry, a OOTiM npaBY, TO BBa)l(aB QeH ,neHb HemacJIHBHM; KOJIH BiH 6a 'lHB 6JIH3bKO KOJio ce6e .HKfCb pi"', TO 3aropTaB li, o6nJIJOBaBIIIH, i si,n:KH,n:as si.n: ce6e reTb, a Qe 6yBaJIO ni.n qac ni,nHorneHHR Tina focno,nHhoro. KoJIH enHCKODH nepecTepiraJIH HOfO 3a Qe, TO BiH Bi,nnoBi,ll,aB, ll(O Qe HiRKi He qapH, aJie BiH Bi,ll,'lyBa€ ce6e nepe.n o6nHql.JRM Eora HiKqeMHHM i norop.n)l(eHHM npaxoM, RK QeH npax, K0Tp11H Bi,li,KH,lla€ BiP. ce6e. llo,napyHKiB He DOJII06JIRB, aTe, ll(O Mas, si.n.nasas pHQapcTsy. Csiii JIHTOBCbKHH Hapo.n .ny.>Ke JIJ06HB, TaK lll:O TioJibll(a MYCHJia 3aKpHBaT.H co6o10 sci KJIOnOTH P.JIR JI.HTB.H, RKi BOHa 'lHIHHJia, Bi,ll, npyccis; OT)I(e, HOfO HHHi MO)I(Ha Ha3HBaTH P.iHCHHM OTQeM P.JIR BiTqHJHH, 6o siH II caM CHJIOJO .no CBRToro XpecTa HasepHys. BiH 3BeJiiB 3MypysaTH KOJieriyM y KpaRosi, 6araTo 3acHyBaB KOCTbOJiiB: y J1106JiiHi cs. Epnri,nM Ha npoxaHHR csoei neprnoi .npy)KHHH R.n:sirn, KJIRlliTOp CBSIToro ,ll;yxa B CoHqy, TaKO)I( ,ll;isH Mapii Ha TIRcKy nepe.n KpaKOBOM, a .npyrHH -Ca. XpecTa Ha Knena)Ky; B JIHTBi TaKO)K 3acHysas 6araTo KOCTbOJiis.

XapCUQnt·

pucm111(Jl

BiH nocTaBI1B Bl1ll(i JaMKOBi MYP" y KpaKosi, a no cMepTi 3aJIHlliHB .nsox CHHiB, BJia,li,Hcnasa i Ka3HMHpa.

BJIA,ll;l1CJIAB

'B.naiJuCJta8e, TtW6i 1(9po!lifJcmfJo Oicmwwcb 3a m8oi' fJ.Jwati Bpoo:Hceni ttecnomu, Me M.MO tJ,bozo. 9J[e6e o6upawmb yzopcb1(u.M 1\PPO!le.M., 'Eo y mfJoc.M.y WHOMY 8-iy,i no6a"tUJlU oo6pi cnpafJu. 9J[u goo6yfJ Yzopcb1({J.My 1({Jpo!li8cmfJy Xop8amcb1(JJ i CAofJay,v1(JJ JeM.!li, ma1(SJ:HC i 'Eo.JLZapiw. 9J[piy.M.¢yfJaf} micmv paJi6 uaiJ cyfJopu.M mupaHolvt, 'l(pJlu JiM Jr,f}, .n1( co!lo.My, 6ci iiozo Biiicv1(a. J{e {} JMOJi nooo.Jlamu mfJow cUJly, mypo1( npocumb nepe.Mup Jr,, Jl1\f- mu i 6JJZ6 J 11.u.M ua ~6WlvKJJ. 3uo8y 3a6 1L3a8 J uu.M 6um8y nio '13apHo10, 9J[a.M. :HCe ii caM. nofliz, 1\S).!lU nozauu~ 6u6. I I (c. 99)

140

KHHrA I

PoKy Bi~ Pia~Ba rocno~HbOro 1434 ITicJUI cMepTi Bna.zr.HcJiaBa .Hraiina iioro CHH Bna,nHCJiaB 6ya o6paHHM i KopoHoBaHHM Ha lloJibCbKe KoponiBCTBo y KpaKOBi B .u.eHh cB . .Hey6a noJihChKI1M pm:~apcTBOM. l(e CTBep.U.HJIH TaKO)K qepe3 csolx noCJiiB iHmi Hapo.u.11, cyci.zr.Hi 3 KopoHoiO lloJibChKOIO, oco6JIHao KOJIH no6a'li1JIH, ~0 BiH no.zr.i6HHH )l.O 6aTbKa BpO,U.OIO i 3BH'laJIMH.

1Ja~tuHa

J !Mo11iJaBii nOJibCbi(J!MY

1(9p01110

Poey 1325 MO)l)J.aBChKHH rocno.u.ap lnm1 BTiK 3 s'H3HHQi y CEpa,n3hKOMf 3aMey i BOIOBaB 3 6paTOM CTe<J?aHOM 3a Mon.zr.aachKY 3eMJIIO. lloTiM Koponh Bna,nHCJiaB noMHpHB lx i no,u.iJIHB BOEBO.U.CTBO: lnnH B3HB Ti KpaiHH, KOTpi 3 HaMMy cyci.zr.crsi, a CTe<}>aH TPHMaB 6eperH MopH i Einropo.zr. 3 KiniEIO.ln.nH si.u..u.as ni.u..u.aHCTBO Koponesi Bna.zr.HCJiaay i1 o6iQHB ~opi'IHO cnnaqysaTH )l.aHHHY y JlbBOBi: )l.BiCTi B03iB 6iJiy)KHHH i 'IOTHpHCTa UlTfK 6ai16opaKy

'Eai16opal(-

(bayboraku) a6o Ko<l>™PY (koftyru), a.u.o Toro )K i cTo KOHeii ~opi'IHo; ue BiH o6ii..VIB ni.u. npHcHroiO i Ha nHChMi. Koponh )Ke nocrynHBCH HOMf I I (c. 100)

piJH~ lll1n!J'(.

raJIHQbKHM 3aMKOM, 11.\06 BiH TaM MaB 6eane'IHHH CKJia)J. )l.Jlfl CBOIX CKap6iB.

po6omu

~Mamtp~

atllii(JlmHoi

Poey 1438 .ll:3Ep)KeK 3 PHTBHH ni.u.cT}'nHB y M'HconycHHH BiBTopoK ni.zr. 3aTop i, npHB 'fl3aBUJH ,u.pa6MHKH, 3axOnMB MicTO, llOB 'H3aB Mill\aH i npHBiB

.u.o nocnymeHCTBa lloJibChKOMY KoponiscTBY, aarap6aa aecb OcseHQiM-

3ao6ymo 3amop i Oc6e~tlji.M

CbKHH Kpaif. THM qacoM TaTapchKHH xaH lllaxMaT (Szachmat) a BeJIHKHM BiHCbKOM npHHUJOB )l.O llo)l.iJibCbKMX KpaiB, )I.e Ha 03epHCTOMf MiCQi po36HB .zr.o6pe BincbKO, aas.u.as aHaqHoi UJKO.U.H, Ha6paBUJH xy.u.o6H if a.u.o6H'li. Bi.u.To.u.i TaTapH npoKJiaJIH nerKHH IWIHX .u.o ITo.u.innH, KOTpHM noTiM 6y.zr.b-KOJIH HanaAaJIH Ha pycbKi Kpai Til cnycTOmyBaJIH IX.

141

!J!Tamapu

Ha fllom.n.ni

KHllfA I 'DopOJK~w

6 !TTOJit>~i

~0Jit>wu8a .Mortema

Pol<}' 1439 6yna seJIHKa .nopmKHeqa y floJihll\i, 6o CTOSIJIH seJIHKi ,u.oud, TO,U.i O,U.HH Kopeu;b )I(HTa HWOB 3a niBKOfiH. Y u;ei:f >Ke t.IaC BHSIBHJIOCSI CHJibHC <j>anhuryBaHHSI MOHCT• Uboro »< pol<}' rpeK lcH,u.op, KHIBCbKHM apxienHcKon, crapascSI 3' e,u.HaTH pycbKY sipy 3 noJibCbKOIO, i3,u.HB .no nanH 8 PHM, i TaM iioro €8reHii1 3po6Hs

Pyct. Kap,U.HHaJIOM i )l.aB nOBHOBaiKCHHSI /1.0 ix 3 1 €)l.HaHHSI. AJr.e KOJIH, npHixaBWH 3 lhumbC.R HalllOi 8ipu PHMf, BiH not.IaB y MocKai rosopHTH, nponoaiJzyBaTH i HaB'IaTH aipHHxxpuc-

THSIHCbKoi 8ipH, TO iioro cxonHJIH i BKHH}'JIH.U.O n'SI3HHQi yCMoJieHCbKf. HaK 6i,U.OJiaxa BTiK 38i,u.TH i 6iJihiiie !.\iii ra,AMHi He XOTiB nponoai.zzysaTH. li{ect>I(Jlu

mayzop-

O.u.-

PoKy 1439 qechKlu1 Ta yropcbKHi1 Koponb CHri3MYH.A, i.AY'~" .u.o Tipar11, noMep y 3HOHMi, 6y8 noxoaaHHH y BapaJI<..AHHi. Ha iioro MicQi cia ancTpiii:cb-

.u.o

nOJihCbKoro Kopon.H, 1.1.{06 iM Cbi(Jlill@p011 b KHM KHH3b .Anb6pexT. ,l(eHKi qexu nocnan11 Cuzi;.Myn() ,u.as 3a naHa 6paTa Ka3HMI1pa, KoTpoMy 6yno 14 poKiB, oco6JIHBO Ta6opMnoJ.~ep

'1\!lJ u..Mup

TH, $1KHX 6yJio 6iJiblliC, Hi>K npa>KaH, KOTpi KOpOHfBaJIH A.Jib6pexTa. To.n.i KO-

6u~a8 pOJib BJia,u.Mcnaa nocJiaa csoro 6paTa Ka3HMHpa 3 no3HaHChKMM soeao.u.o10 iJo ll{e~i Ha OcTpoporoM CeH.U.3i8o€M i 3 caH.U.OMHpcbKHM B0€80)l.OIO JIHoM 3 TeHtn1Ha, 1(ppolli6cm8o ,U.a8llll1 IM tiHMaJIO 8iMCbKa B fiO'ICT, i BOHH B qexii CKapaJIH 6araTbOX 3 THX,

'Ywpct>l(j

noCJZu iJo l(upOIUl

'B11ai>uc..JuJ6a

KoTpi He xoTiJIH Ka3MMHpa. YropQi Te)l(, KOJIMBaiOt.IHCb ry.AM i1 CIO.li.H, nocJiaJIH .u.o noJibCbKoro KoponSI BJia,u.HcJiaaa caoix nocJiiB: ceMHropO)l.CbKoro enHcKona JIHa, EMepHKa 3 IlepeHa i Jla,u.HcJiaaa 3 IlonoHtia, npoc.Ht.IH iioro Ha YropcbKe KopoJiiBCTBO. lM Ha3ycTpi'tl BHixas ceHaT 3 npeJiaTaMH i 3 naHaMH, ix 3 BCJIHKOIO nomaHoiO npoaeJIH )l.O KpaKosa, 11(0 CTaJIOCSI .Apyroro Tl1)1(H.H nocry. BOHH Bi)l.npaBJIRJIH nOCOJibCTBO B KOCTbOJii Ha KpaKiBChKOMY 3aMKy, 11(0 ,l(03BOJIJ1B fiOJibCbKHH KOpOJib. Pol<}' 1440, B )l.eHb ca. Boii:Qexa, Ka3HMHP BHixaa 3 KpaKosa .n.o YropIl(HHH qepe3 CoRti (Sctdecz) 3 aeJIHKOIO KiJihKicTIO noJibChKHX JIIO)I.eH. TiepenpaBHBmMcb qepe3 ,l(yHaii, BiH s'ixa8 .l(O Ey.u.M, .u.e

(c. 101) iioro ma-

H06JIM80 npHHHRJIH yropQi. A B QeH qac yropcbKa Koponeaa Hapo.nuna 'l(opo~~e6a

l(pponye CUHO

CHHa, SIKOfO Ha3BaJil1 Jla,l(HCJiaDOM. YKpaBilll1 KOpOHf, DOHa HaKa3aJia Kap,l(HHaJIY ,l(ioHiciJO ryT )l(e, y CBRTKOBHM )l.eHb, KopoHy8aTH CHHa a Eenrpa.n.i (Bialogrodzie). IloTiM BOHa TaEMHO noCJiana,l(HTHH}' i KopoHf .u.oABcTpii, .n.ana CHHa Ha BHXOBaHHSI CBO€Mf pO.U.H'ICBi, iMnepaTopy <f>pi.u.pixy. YropCbKi naHH, 3'ixaBillHCh .n.o Ey.l(H, xoTiJIH KopmryaaTH Bna.l(HCJiasa Ha YropchKe KoponisCTBO. He 3HaMUl08Illl1 KOpOHM, BOHM He 3aXOTiJIH 8HnyCTHTl1 3 MiCTa Jla,n;HCJiaBa fapy, TaKO>K Kap.n.HHaJia ,l(ioHiciR i1 iHmHx, KoTpi npHiXaJII13 rJiei1ToM, ,l(OKH He ni.U.YTb Ha 3aMOK BHlllerpa,n i He nonepHYTb KOpoHy, KOTpa 6yJia )I.QpyqeHa 3ra..AaHOM)' fa pi. Kon11 »< fapa nilllOB Ha B11merpa.n. To He 3HaMill08 y cKpHHi KopoHH, 6o II 3ane3Jia 6e3 i1oro ai.n.oMa Koponesa. ToMY BJia.AHCJiaB 6ys KopoHosaHHM B Eenrpa.u.i B )I,eHb en. OneKcin KopoHoiO cs. IlJ.enaHa. 3 QbOfO BMHHKJIH 3Ha'IHi yco6HQi Mi>K KOpOJieBOIO E.nb>K6eTOIO i yropCbKHM

KoponeM Jla.u.HcnasoM. Hes.n.os3i nicnR u.horo Koponena E.nh)K6CTa, MaTH Jla'Efit>x6ema )I.Hcnasa i .u.py)KHHa Anb6pexTa, noMepna Bi)I. qepsiHKH (niemocy czerwoney), no.J.Uplla 3aJIHlliHBlliH no co6i .u.sox ,l(O'IOK i CHHa. A Koponb Bna.U.HCJiaB Ti 3aMKH, ll.{O 'l(oponeGa

')'zopcr,l(i ix Koponesa )I.aJia ascTpiHQSIM, 3Hosy 3a6pas, HK-oT: Kom11u.e, Eap.u.iiios, npuKPpiJowli Ja.MI(}l

KpoMHiu.e, 3oneB, JlYTma, Onepialll, lllapow (Zcharosz) KimHK i Ke3MapK.

142

KHHrA I floTiM, poK)' 1443, niH B11cryrnm npoTH rypKis 3 Kap.ll.HHaJIOM i 3)l.o6ynan 3aMKH B A.scTpii1cbKii1 3eMJii, ll(O ix sopor 3asoronan. KonH >K .n.osi.n.ancH, 11\0 rypKH i1.n.yrb npoTH Hboro, To nocnan 3 nii1cbKOM IM Ha3YCTpiq JIHoUia X}'HH.ll.i (Jana z Huniada). Uei1 Hecno.n.isaHo n.n.apHB Ha HHx, po36Hs i po3nopomHB, 3axonHB 4000 noJIOHeHHX i .n.en 'HTb rypeQbKHX npanopin, npoi1won 1.1epe3 sci CJIOB'HHCbKi KpaiHH a>K.UO MaKe.n.oHil. CynTaH noCJian cnoe niikhKO Ha rop11 6opOHHTH PoMaHiro i MaKe.n.oHiiO, i TaM, Mi>K ropaMH, nii1cbKa X}'HH.Ui 3Hony nen11 6oi. TypKH >K MaJIH .n.onoMory ni.u aHaTonii1chKoro noeno.uH, TOMY ixHe BiHCbKO 6yno BeJIHKHM, BOHH 3 rycTHX JiiciB CMiJIHBO CTpiJIHJIH no HaiiHfX. floTiM n ama, 6a1.1a1.J11 KlnhKicHY nepenary cnoro niiichKa, n.n.apHn Ha HamHx, ane nporpan, 6yn .UOII\eHry po3rpoMJieHHi1; TaM 6yno B3HTO y noJioH 6araTo rypKiB, iHmi m BTeKJIH y rop11. Bee m 6araTbOX 3 HHX npHrynanH TicHi "H nrui<KO)l.OcrynHi MiCQH, i BOHH QiJIHMH nonepHyJIHCH .UO.UOMY 1.1epe3 ropH. 3a YropcbKOIO xpoHiKoiO, caM Koponh He 6yn y qii1 6HTBi, TiJibKH JIHolll X}'HH.Ui, i caMe HOMY, a He Koponeni npHnHcyeTbCH 3acnyra qiel nepeMorH. Ane KaniMax iHaKWe IIHllle: CaM KOpOJib 6}'B y QiH 6HTBi; a Qe 6yJia WOCTa 6HTBa yropQiB 3 rypKaMH Ja naH}'BaHHH KoponH Bna,uHcnana. THM 1.1acoM noCJIH 3 fiOJibll(i npHixanH .uo Yropll(HHHlJ..O KoponH BJia,uHCJiana, npocH1.JH, 11\06 niH np11ixan .uo lloJibll\i, KIDK)'1.JH, 11\0 TaTapH i1 ciJie3Qi B1.JHHHJIH rpa6}'HKaMH BeJIHKYlllKOJzyB KopoHi fiOJibCbKii1 I I (c.l02), KOJIH Koponb 6yn ni.ucyrHiM. BoHH pa,uHJIH TaKom, ll(06 niH BilJ..II01.JHB HKHHCb 1.1ac i He po3n01.JHHan 3i cnoro 6oey nii1HY 3 cynTaHOM. A KOJIH KopoJib Bna,uHCJian 6}'B y Cere.ui 3 Kap.n.HHaJIOM IOniaHOM, npHixanH .uo Hboro rypeQhKi nocJIH. BoHH xoTi.nH ni1.JHoro MHpy, o6iQHI01.JH nonepHpH sci .n.epmanHy Palllqi, HKi cyJITaH 3a6pan y ll.eCnOTa, a T3KO>K BHnyCTHTH 3 B 'H3HHQi ,UBOX HOrO CHHiB. flaHOBe pa,uHHKH BHpiWHJIH 3 KOpOJieM YKJiaCTH nepeMHp 'H i3 cyJITaHOM 11.0 .uecHTH poKiB, a6H JIHW TOM nonepHYB 3aMKH n PawQi: fony6eq, 3apHOB, CMe,nepeno, KpywenaQ, KponiH, CenepHH, CTpe6pHiK, 0cTpBi1.J, Hoso6ap.uo, IIly)KHH, KowHiK, JlacKoseQ, 3eneHHrpa.u, ITpoKonia Ta iHwi n Pawqi, Cep6ii i An6aHii. EonrapiH 3 .A.ApiaHonoJieM Mana 3aJIHWHTHCb y cynTaHa. TaK i yxnanHJIH i nilJ..npanHJIH 3 QHM nocnin. ITocJIH m, yKpinHBWH qro YMOny npucHraMH, nonepHyJIHCb .n.o Type1.1'1HHH; BHKOHYI01.JH yro.uy, BOHH nonepHYJI" 3ra,uaHi 3aMKH ,UeCIIOTOBi i HOfO .UBOX CHHiB, KOTpHX T}'POK Bme OCJiiiiHB. Da'la1.JH Qe, K3p.UHHaJI lOJiiaH IIOXHJIHB fOJIOBY i )l.aB 3HaTH nani npo TaKe nepeMHp' H 3 rypKaMH.

'l(ppo1111

'IJJiaiJuc.JI a8 uiJe n Ot_OUo).t Ha mypl(j8

!lJfypl(u poJ6umi

!lJfypi(U JHO(}y JQJHa.JIU nopaJI(U

!lJfypeiJ~>Id TUJCJlU

npoc.Rmb

nepe).tupA 'l(opOllb

nozoiJu8c.R !JI(!Iacmu

nepe).tup)l Ha 10 p())(j8

Pay111(j Ja}.fJ(JI., 1({)路

mpi mypol( no8ep~ty8

zyucm""路 Ha).f

PoK}' 1444. He no.uo6anarn QH cnpana nani, i 3 QbOro npuno.zcy 6yJio noCJJaHO .uo KOpoJISI Bna,uHCJiana 3 JIHCTaMH. Kap,n;HHan <l>paHQHCK, nancbKHB 3nepxHHK Ha,u Kopa6JIHMH, 6ypf)'H.ll.ChKHM KHH3h i KOM3HJcyBa1.Ji <f>JioTiB BeHeQii Ta feH}'i (wenetow genuenskich). Ix ni.n.TPHMan i KOHCTaHTHHOIIOJibCbKHM iMnepaTop, ~H, 11\0 BOHH TpHMaiOTb MOpCbKi npOTOKH i cyJITaH He MO)Ke nepeWm 3 AHaTonii .uo PoMaHii. Tpe6a, 1.1.l06 KopoJib 36upan JJKHai16iJibllle niiichKO i BHra.HHB rypKiB 3 fpeqii 3 iXHhOIO .uonoMoroiO. A Kap,n;HHaJI IOniaH 3BiJihHHB Kopo)ljl si.zl npucJJrH. Koponb, 6y.zcyqu Ha Qiii pa.ui, KOJIMBaBCJI, He 3HaiOtiH, mo 1.JMHHTH: o.n.Hi iioMY pa,uHJIM, .n.pyri po3pa.u禄<ynanH. BpelllTi niH .uas HaMOBHTH Xpucm"""" A~ ce6e Kap,llHHanosi, oco6nuso KOJIM TOM BKa3aB HOMf Ha no3MQiiO nanu: Koponb rupe.Mup :.

143

KHMrA I He Mir }'KllanaTM 6ea i:foro si,noMa nepeMup 'Sl a cy;ITaHoM. A TaK UbOro )K pol<)' KOpOJib Bna,nHCJiaB BHC'I)'IIHB i3 Cere.na HaMpiaHonoJib qepea Eonrapi10 Ha.A 9t(OJriJa8Cb·

J(JJiitoenoiJap 'Dpaf~!~Aa

.lJ:)'HaEM, i 3a TPM,l(I.\.HTh .nHin niH .ni:Hwos .no HiKonoJI.H. ,l{o HhOro npHixas MOJI.nasc&KMH rocno.nap ,l{paJ<Yna, ane, no6a'-IMBllll1 HeneJIMKe sii:fc&KO, pa,nMB HOM}' 1 He llO"'HHaTM 6HTBM, 60 KOpOJih MaB TiJibKM ll .HTH3.l{I.\.S1Tb THC.Hl.J BiHCbKa, a 1}'· poK Mae 6iJI&Uie BiHCbKO, KOJIM l_ne Ha llOJIIOBaHHSI a6o Ha nporymiHJ<Y, a JJ.{O )K

Ka3aTM npo nii1HY· KoJIM weQbKHH cyJITaH Mypa,n; (Amurat) npo qe ,ni3HaBC.H, $um8a TO 6yn Jzyil<e 3.ni180BaHMH. 3i6paBUII1 8eJII1Ke BiHCbKO 3Aail, 8iH 811~118 npoyzoplji8 J tnypl(aMU TM KopoJI.H, KCUK}"'H: «fRypH norop~11JIM csoiM EoroM, TO .H 8i3&Mf Horo co6i Ha noMi"' npoTH HHX». 3ii1WJIMC.H ni.n BapHoiO, i HacaMnepe~ yropQi Ha npaBOMf <fmaH3i, KOTpHMH KOMaHJcyBaB Bapa,nMHCbKI1H €llMCKOll, He MOfJIH CTpHMaTH BeJIHKOI 'IJ'Pel.\bKOI CMJIH i:f llO"laJIH TiKaTM: O)).Hi )1,0 fanauy (Gallacyey), )).pyri Ha rop11 y PoMaHiiO; TaKO)K nosTiKaJIM Mo.n.nanaHI1 (walaszy)

I I (c.l03)

xTo 1<)')1.11. Ha ix MiCQe 6aH <l>paHKO (Franko Ban) i JieraT IOJiiSIH np11ihiiJIH o6opoHRTM xopyrsH en. Jla,n;HCJiasa. llpHE)),HaBmHCb .no HHX, Imponh BJia,n;HCJias }'l.JHHMB BeJII1K}' )).ipy B T)'pKaX, TaK 1.1.\0 Ti B)Ke llOl.JaJIM TiKaTM. lloTiM KOpOJib, 6al.Ja"!l1, mo scH T)'PeQbKa noryra TPMMa€ThC.H Ha HHH"'apax, B)).apHB Ha HHx Ji csoiMM nOJIRKaMM, ane TaM 6yn OTOl.JeHMH. I xo1.1a siH ,n.osro 6opoHHBC.H, o.nHaK

flfw ':BapHmo

He 3Mir 8MHTH 38i,n.TH )KH8HM: npHHHHB TaM OCTaHHiH 6iif 3i C80€10 ~HiCTIO

mypi(Jl

i npeKpacHHM cepQeM, 3 6eacMepTHOIO CJiasoiO pHI.\apcTBa i csoro reThMaH-

66u8aJOm& ':BJlcWuc..tra6a

CT8a. To)).i 3 HMM JarMHYJIO 6araTo noJIHKi8, MaJIO xTo 3Mir BTeKTH. Cepe)). THX, XTO 8TiK, 6YJIM JlH )KemOBCbKHH, KOTpHH llOTiM CTaB €lli1CKOTIOM, i fpHropii:f 3 CHHOKa, KOTpHii noTiM 6yn JihBiBChKMM apxienHcKonoM. EyJia BeJIHKa )KaJIQ6a y 8Cb0Mf xpHCTH.HHCbKOMf CBiTi, ~opiKaJIM XpHCTM.HHCbKMM BOJIO.UapHM, JJ.{O 80HM He noraMfBMH Ha.l(MipHol Ta mKi)).JIHsoi cMiJIHBOCTi KOPOJISI. TaK JarHH}'B BJia.l(MCJia8 6iJIH BapHH Ha KOWTOBHOMf noJii, Taro pol<)', HK BMJJ.{e sKaJaHO, MaiOl.JH 21 piK. BiH naHYBaB Ha,n. noJISIKaMH .necHTh poKiB, a Ha,n; yropQHMH l.JOTHpH. A TO)).i, KOJIH Kopon& norosas 31J'PKaMH s YropiUHHi, ciJie3Ui l.JHHMJIH BeJIMKi lUK0)1,M B ilOJibi.I{i. 3i6paBlUMCb npOTM HHX, TIOJISIKH B3SIJIH fomosa i [(eQE:>KHHa, pei1Tap11 HKMX 3ai1MaJIMCb rpa6yHKaMH, cnaJIHJIH lx i 6araTo lHUIMX npH HHX. Y TOll :>Ke 'laC 6ys BeJIHKI·n1: 3eMJieTpyc no BChOMY csiry TaKHH CHJibHHI':i, w;o :H cKJien 6iJIH en. KaTepHHM n KOCTbOJii n KaJHMHpi nnas; noTiM 6yno 36y.nosaHo iHmMi:i y 1505 poui. l.J;hOfO )I( BI1JJ.{C3faJlaHOfO pOKy

1444 Kap)1,11HaJI i KpaKiBCbKHH €llHCKOI1

36irHeB KynHB HaBitiHo Ja micTb TI1C51"! rpHBeHb mHpOKHX rpomeii .UJIH KpaKiBCbKOro enHCKOilCTBa CisepcbKY 3eMJIIO B Cine3il y T€llli1HCbKOro I(IUlJWcm8o KHSI3SI BaQ.Jiana. noTiM, y 1520 po~i. I<paKiBCbKHH €lll1CKOTI JlH KoHapcbKMi1 6 CilleJii npHKynHB )1,0 Hel Ko3erJiyBH y KpMcTHHa Ko3€f.JJ)'BChKoro. Ci8epc1>~

KA3MMI1P

6pama 8cmynac 'Ha 1\PpOH-He KPpoJZ.i8cm8o 'l\flJUM.up, 1({Jmpuu Kgpye. DepJKa8ow no cBo~ cUJLaft.: 'Bin nanaOae 'Ha nolvtopcbJ(j Ja.M1(u, 8oiio87iutzu~ zyecmoHOcy,i8 g-(z.c.llJl- c8ozo

144

KHMrA I

g[epe.Mizmu, yl(!laiJae 3 nu.Mu Bi"lne nepelvt.up Jz.. 3a CilleJiW J "letta.Mu ma yzopl;YIMu 6eoe 6um8y Kpu6a8y, 3a nomyJ~Cny 1(9ponnoi Jvt.onap~i cnpaBy. 3a zpomi Bin Oicma6 9vfMb6opK.t UJ,O 6y6 cmo.!l.uy,ew g[pyccb1(9i Jelvt..!l.i, y .51.1(9./vt.y panime nany6MO i'~G n.!l.elvt. Jz.. 3attonu6 i Xouni1(u, i itO"- 6mpamu6 ma.M "lu.Ma.no c6o~ .9l.!l.e JaiJo6o.!l.b1iu6 c6ow 6o.!l.w. i?ozo Jvt.yJ~Cnicmb y Y,bo.Jvt.y g-{oJl.bUJ,i Bipno noCJlyJ~CU./l.a, I uozo cnpa6u Bi"lniu CJlaBi npuc6JlmU./l.a. II (c. 104)

PoKy Bi,n; Pi3,n;Ba rocno,n;Hboro 1447 BenMKMM KH.SI3b JIHTOBCbKMM Ka3MMMP no CMepTi CBOrO 6paTa Bna,nMCJiaBa, yropCbKOrO Ta TIOJibCbKOrO KOpOJISI, B6MT0f0 rypKaMM niA BapHoiO, 6yB KopoHoBaHMM Ha TionbCbKe KoponiBCTBO y KpaKoBi y He,Z:(imo, Ha .npyruu .neHb nicn.R CBSITa CB. IoaHHa Xpecn·neJI.R. KopoHaQiiO 3.l(iMcHHB rHE3HeHCbKHM apxiEnHcKon BiHQeHT 3 BeJIHKOIO noBaroiO Ta Ha pa,nicTb npocToniO.ny. TipucyrHiMM TYT 6ynu Ma3oBeQhKi KHSI3i EoneCJiaB i Bna,nHCJiaB 3 THcSiqeiO KiHHOTHHKiB, MaTH Kopon.SI, KoponeBa Co<Pi.SI, KHSI3i TEIIIHHCbKi, paQi6opcbKi, ocBeHQiMCbKi, TaKo:>K CBH.l(pHrauno CeMeHOBHq (Swidrygal Siemienowicz) i BacHJib, pycbKi KH.SI3i. Eynu TaKo:>K i .nBa KOMTfPH 3 Tipyccii: feHpix E.nb6JIOH3bKMM (Elbielski) i JliO.nBir 3 HoBoro, noCJiaHi MaricTpoM KoHpa,noM cpoH Epnixcxay3eHoM, TaKO:>K ,Z:(OCHTb 6araTo iHIIIHX oci6, SIK i3 Ci.Jie3ii, qexii, MopaBil, Ta.K i 3 Yrop~HHM. A TaK ,Z:(OBro He 6yno KopoHaQii, QiJIHX TPH poKH, 6o cno,AiBaJIHCSI, ~o KopoJib BJia,Z:(HCJiaB )KHBHH i nepe6yBa€ B TypeqqHHi. I I (c. 105)

145

KHHrA I flu m()IJCbJ.j rwc.nu npo

HacrynHoro poey, T06TO

1448, npHIXaJIH nOCJIH 3 JIHTBH Ha cewM JJ.O

J'otiHy JII06JiiHa. Ha HhOM}' BOHM ma,l:\aJIH si.n: noJibChKMX naHio Ta pa.z:\H, mo6 6ynH !fH-ii 3MiHeHi YMOBH 3'€)I.HaHH.R JIHTBM, )J(M}',ll.i Til Pyci 3 TioJibll.(eiO, mo6 JlMTBi

'BiiJnotJiih, JlzaW!o6i yJttoBu

noBepH}'JIH Tio.n:i.JviH, 3aMoK OnechKO 3 noBiToM BeTJJe (Wiethle), JlonaTHH i ropo,lJ.JIO. Ha n;e nOJibCbKi naHH Bi,ll.llOBinH, 11{0 iM He rO,ll.HTbCH IJ;bOfO 1.ilfHHTH: «I..J;e iK 60 MiUHO CTnepJJ.iKeHO 3allMCaMH Ta npHCHfaMH HalliHX KopoJiiB, oco6JIHBO Rraiina, KOTpHH MiU:HO cToep,ll.HB 3anucaMH Ta npncHraMH npaBo TioJihll.(i Ha n;i 'tiOTMPM peqi, nepm HiiK nommo6HB KopoJiiBH}' Jl)I.siry 3 KopoJJiBCTBOM. Tiepma fMOBa, ll.I;O BiH pa30M 3i CBOIMH 6paTaMH Ta ni,zmaHHMH MaB npHHHHTH xpem;eHH.R, i BiH 1.\e BMKOHaB . .z:I:pyra YMOBa, 11{06 BCe CBO€ KHH3iBCTBO Ta iHilli JJ.ep)KaBH, KOTpi MaB i Mir Ha6fTH, BiH npwryqaB i npH€JJ.HaB ,ll.O TionbChKOro KoponiBCTBa, i 1.\e niH Te)K B'tiHHMn. TpeT.R fMOBa- sci cBoi cKap6M o6epHJfH Ha noTpe6M TioJihChKoro KoponiscTBa. l..JeTnepTa -mo Mao ycix s'H3His-xpHCTMHH BHnycTMTH. BMKOHasmw Bee 1.\C, BiH sac 3po611s xpHCTHHHaMH i JJ.06p11MM JIIO,lJ.bMM, HalliMMM 6paTaMM, p03)I.aB BaM KJieMHO,lJ.M i KOlllTOBHi .z:r.apH, KOTpHX CaMe KOpOHHe pHn;apCTBO B)KHBa€ SIK OC06JIHBY Bi,lJ.3HaKf lliJIHXCTCTBa, a iioro cnen;iaJihHi JJHCTH JJ.OCTaTHbO on11caHi. BiTOBT rn iHmi Balli npe.u,KM O,ll.HOCTaHHO 3 IJ;MM llOfO,lJ.MJIHCH, JII06HJIH 1.\C 3'€JJ.HaHHSI, KOTpe npHMHO)Kye, a He npHMeHrnye BaM nomaH}' Ta KopncTh. I..Qo cTocyeTbC.H Tio.n.iJihCbKoi 3CMJii, TO BOHa HiKOJIM He HaJie)KaJia JhnBi, a llOJUIKM He 3a6npaJIH ii y JIHTBH; npo 1.\e 'tliTKo HanucaHo y xpoHiKax, mo Koponh Ka3HMHP JJ.icTaB II qaCTKOBO npHpO,ll.)KCHHM npaBOM, qaCTKOBO- Bi)I. TaTap, a Ti 6pan11 1.\IO qacTMH)', KOJIM xoTiJIM. TioTiM Ka3MMHp, no6y.zzyoaBIIIM JJ.epes'.HHi <PopTeui y KaM' HHLJ;i, EaKoTi, Epan.nasi, MeJJ.iKH6o)Ki, BonoJJ.HMHpi, TPHMaB ix 3 MHpoM. TiiCJIH i1oro cMepTi BOHH nepeHlliJIH JJ.O JliOJJ.BiKa, i BiH ix Tem TpMMaB, a nicJISI JIIO.u,BiKa nepeiilliJIH JJ.O KoponH RraM:na SIK JJ.O nonbCbKOro KopoJIH, i BiH po3.n.aoao ix ,lJ.JI.H .n:ep)KaHHH CBOIM 3acJiymeHHM JIIO)I..HM, oco6JIHBO CnMTKY 3 MeJiblllTMHa. BiH ,ll.asao TaKO)K no cBoii1 MHJIOCTi TPMMaTM )I.e.RKi 3aMKH B Pyci CBO.iM 6paTaM BiTonry i1 CBH/.I.pHraM:JIY, a.ne TiJibKH .n:o ixHbOi CMepTi, a He HaBiqHo, OT/Ke, qepe3 HOfO Il(e,n:piCTb He MOfJia 6fTM 3HHJ..UCHOIO HalllaJJ.oBiqHa BJiacHicTb. TaKOIK i Balli KH.R3b, He6iJKqMK CMri3MYHJJ., TpHMaB 1.\i 3aMKH .HK .u;ap, a He HK CBOIO BiqH}' DJiaCHiCTb, npo ll.I,O CBi,LP·IMTb i MOfO JIMCT». TiocnH, noqysmH 1.\C, Hiqoro He si.n:noniJIH i BiJJ.'ixa.nM .u.o coolx .n.oMiB.

~o!l~atJ

cbi(Uu zocno~ap

Po.Mau no.M.ep

1449 MOJI,lJ.aBCbKHH r ocnoJJ.ap PoMaH, Baca.n: KopoHM TioJibCbKOi, noMep, a Koponb 6yo To;~i y Boi1Hiqi, .ll:oBiJJ.aBlllHCb npo u.e, BiH TYT )KC pyIIIMB 11.0 KaM'HHU..R, np11.6yn TYJJ.I1 n AeHb en. JlaspeHTiH i nocnaB JJ.O TieTpa, CHHa PoMaHa, TieTpa O.n:ponoHJKa, RHa, KpaKiBCbKoro naHa, I I (c. 106) PoKy

i KaHn.nepa 51Ha 3 KoHe~nOJI.R 3 nonHHMH noBHOBaJKeHH.RMM. BoHH npHHH.H'.Mo11iJa8c bi(Jl if 6aca11imem JIH BiJl. TieTpa npHcHry, mo siH 6yJJ.e naca.JIOM, .HK i iioro 6aTbKO, pa30M 3 6paTOM OneKcieM. Tperiii 6paT Eor.n:aH Ha3aascn TeiK PoMaHOBHM CHHOM,

i npoTH Hboro OnexHo (Olechno) JKa.u,as .u.onOMOni y KOpon~ Ka3HMHpa. KopoJih, Ji6paniiiH BiHCbKO 3 Pyci Ta TioJJ.iJIJI.H, nocJian 3 HHM IaaHa OnechKoro 3 CeHHa, KOTpHi1 BIHHan Eor.u.aHa 3 MoJI)l.anil. DoTiM Eor.u,aH, 3i6pasum ripcbKHX 3JIO'lli1HU.iB, BHrHan OnexHa 3 M:oro MaTip'IO .n:o KopoJIH. KopoJih Ka3nMap, BJJ.pyre 3i6pasm11 BiMCbKO, nocnaB i1oro JJ.O Mon,lJ.anii. Eor.naH,

146

KHHrA I ,noni.n.anlUMCb npo Qe, 3iTKHyncn 3 KOpOJiinChKMM BiHCbKOM, i BOHH 6HJIHC.SI 3 paHKY .no se"'opa. Xo"'a Harni BHrpaJIM 6HTsy, aJie B Hii1 3arHHYJIO 6araTo 3Ha'lJHHX mo.nei:i, HaCaMnepe.n. TieTpo O.n.poBOH)f(, MHKOJiaH napana i MHxaiiJIO Ey"'aQbKHH, nKi i3 [3araJihHHM] cMyrKoM 6yJIH noxosaHi y Jlhnosi. JlbsiscbKMH apxiEnHcKon, piAHHH 6paT O.nposoH)f(a, si.n. )f(aJIIO 3a cnoiM

!Mo/WalJan pOJ6umo ompiJMMu '(pulJa8y J6umJUy

6paToM 1)'T )f(e noMep. A Qboro Eor.l{aHa noTiM 3api3aB TieTpo, KoTpHi1 6ys MOJI.l{ascbKHM rocno.n.apeM. TioTiM, poKy 1452, Maca TaTap HanaJia Ha Tio,niJIJI.SI i1 3aB.l{aJia seJIHKoi lllKO.Zl.H n JIIO.l{51X i xy.l{o6i, B3.SIJIH Pon, .l{e cxonHJIH 36irH€Ba Pe11 3 .np~HHOIO. U:boro )f( poKY B .u,eHb en. Bap<floJioMe.SI TaTapcbKHH xaH lllaxMaT 3Ho- !JJ[amapu sy 3as.n.an neJIHKoi IDKOAH Pyci; o6epTaiO"'HCb y pi3Hi KiHQi, niH 3axom,m 6araTbOX 6e33aXHCHHX JIIO.Zl.eH. 5JK ,ne.SIKi OHUlyTb, Qe CTaJIOCH 3a HaMOBOIO

HU~ml>

9TOAt>IJ&Y

JIHToncbKHX naHiB, KOTPHM npHKpoiO 6yJia Q.SI Bi.l{npana noJibCbKMx naHin ~O.ZJ.O BXO.Zl.)f(eHH.SI BeJIHKOro KHH3iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKoro y TioJibi.I..(Y· nepe-

KOnCbKMH xaH A1.1M-fipei1 (Ecygierey), 3a3.l{pHtiH IllaxMary, KHHYBC.SI Ha Hbo-

!JJ[amapu 6'10m1>CJL .MiJIC co6o10

ro i po36MB i:ioro TaK, ~o lllaxMaT nTiK .no JlMTBM i 6ys TaM 3a6e3ne'IeHMH Heo6xi,nHMM .no 1.1acy. Alle KOJIM KopoJib Ka3HMMP 3BMH}'BaTHB i:ioro y nopo3}'MiHHi 3 A"'M-fipe€M, TO HaKa3aB YKHHyTH iioro .l{o s' .SI3HHQi s KosHo, i niH TaM, 6i.n.yiOtiH, nponis pernry csoix .n.HiB. PoKY 1453 3acnaTaHa 6yJia noCJiaMH y BpoQJiani .n.py)f(HHa KopoJIIO Ka3HMHpy, y.l{ona pHMCbKoro Ta yropcbKoro Allb6pexTa, i 6yJia npMne3eHa .n.o KpaKona y 1454 poQi. Ha3ycTpiq iii BHixan KopoJIL Ka3HMHp 3 neJIMKMM no"'TOM KH.SI3iB, naHiB Ta pi3Horo pMQapcTna. Pa3oM 3 KopoJienoiO npHixas TaKO)f( i qepHeQb KanicTpaH, KOTPMH 6ys .n.o6pHM nponosi,nHHKOM, i 3 orJI.SI.lzy Ha Qe 6iJIH KOCTbOJI}' en. Boi1Qexa 6yJIO llOCTanJleHO Ka3aJibHHQIO, 3 KOTpoi niH npononi.zzynas npocToJIIOAY· Alle iHrnHi1 'IepHeQb Man nepeKJia,naTH JIIO.l{.SIM iioro npononi.n.L, 6o niH 6ys iTaJiii1QeM, tieHQeM op.n.esy en. paHQHCI<a. Ea"'a"'H 'Horo CB.SIT06JIMBicTb, "'HMaJio JIIO,nei1 HanepsyJIOC.SI .no iioro op.n.esy, a AJI.SI HHX KpaKiBCbKHH EnHcKon 36HrneK 3aCH}'BaB KOCTbOJI Ha CTpa.n.oMi, Ha .zr.nopM~i csoro 6paTa .51Ha 3 OJiecHHQi; cno1.1aTKY Qe 6yn .n.epen' .SIHHH KOCTbOJI, a "1epe3 .Zl.Ba poKH 6yJIH 3Be,neHi M)'pH. I.J:ei:i KOCTbOJI 6ys npHCB.SI-

?(anicmpan nponoiJWHul( 1Ul

1(pO'(j6-

CI>I(fJ.My

pUHI\JI

'Eepnap· UuHCI>IQlU I(OCmi>OJI 1Ul

Cmpai)oMi

'IeHHH i1oro naTpoHoni en. EepHap.n.y I I (c. I 07), niH CTOITb i .n.oHHHi. PoKY 1454 npHiXaJIH noCJIM 3 npyccii ni.n. Ulli.SIXTM H Mi~aH, 3 r.u.aHCbKa, EJib6JioHra Ta iHlllMX MicT, si.n..n.aiOtiMCb ni,n 3aXHCT i B llOCJI}'WeHCTBO KOpoJIIO, 6o xpecTOHOCQi KoiJIH iM neJIMKi 3JIO'IMHM i rpa6i)f(HHQTBa, 6paJIH rsaJITOM ,npy)f(MH Bi.Zl. M)')f(i B, TaKO)K i ,nisqaT, 3a6HpaJIH MaHHO Ta xy,no6y, CTaBHJIH KJI.SilllTOpH Ha 3eMJii MicQeBMX )f(HTeJiiB, 6paJIH B HeBOJIIO npoCTOJIIO.Zl.. 'lJepe3 Qe UlJI.SIXTa i1 BHKHHYlla ix 3 MicT Ta 3aMKiB, ~o6 BOHH CTOHJIH TiJlbKM s MaJIL60PKY· 3 Qboro npRno.zzy KopoJib Ka3HMHP po3MOBJI.Sin 3i CB0€10 pa· )1.010, Ha ~0 Bci .Zl.aJIH 3ro.n.y i npH3Ha"'MJIH iM ni.n. npHC.SirOIO 6yTH ,naHHHKa· MM. BpelllTi r.n.aHCLKi Mi~aHH 3aJIHlllHJIHCb npu csoix BOJlbHOCT.SIX, a caMe: iM 6yJIM ,naHi BiJibHi MMTa .SIK Ha BO.Zl.i, TaK i Ha 3eMJli. lx 6yJio 3BiJlbHeHO BU .ll;aHMHH, T06TO CeMMCOT rpHBeHb 3 MicbKOro npH6}'TKY, Bci MiCbKi MJIHHH Ta OCTpOBH 3 ManoiO )l(yJiaBOIO i CeJiaMH, KOTpi € npH HHX; TiJibKH co6i KOpOJJb BMToprysan TPMHaAQ.SITb ciJJ. 3 ycLoro Qhoro r.n.aH~aHH MaJIH .n.anaTH

147

XpumoHOC!P cmpauua M.ll npycci6

KHHrA I ~opi1.1Ho TiJihKH

2000 3JIOTHX, yrpHM}'BaTM npoTHrOM tJOTHpLox ,ll.His Kopo-

JIH 3 yciM i1oro .nsopoM, ,naiOtJM ,nnH U:hOro see Heo6xi,nHe. To.ni KaanMMp, 3H06y 3i6paBWH HaWBM,nKypyq BiHCbKO, pynnm npOTM npyccbKOfO MarieTpa JliO)I.· 6um8a sira i nponr xpeeToHoeu:is, eTas 6inH Xoi:fHiK U:boro )K pol<}' Ha .npyrni:f .neHh J ;..:pecrno· HOC~U

nicJIH CBHTa CB. JI11MnepTa. llpOTH HbOfO TaKO)K BHCTfllHB, He 3aTpHMYI0-

1.J:Heb, npyecbKHH MaricTp Jbo.nnir 3i csoiM siikhKOM, ~o 6yno 3i6paHe B CaKCOHii Ta y npHKOpAOHHHX KHH3iB. 3iTKHYJIHe11 6iJIH Xoi1HiK, i TaM nOJIHKH po36HJIH nep11Ini1 npyecbKI1H 3ariH, y KOTPOMY nonir maraHChKMH KH113b EanTaaap, EepHaT lllTaM6apebKMH, KOMaHJI.ysaq U:boro nii:febKa, 6yn ya11T11i1 y noJIOH. lHllli 3arOHH 6HJIHC11 )I.o6pe, 6HTna TpHnana lJ.OBrHM qac. Kom1 * ,ll.OBeJIOC$1 nerynMTH y 6MTBY O,ll.HOMY noraHCHbKOMY i MaJIO}.I.OeBi)J.tJeHOMY llOJibCbKOMY 3aroHy HaMMaHl\iB, ~0 CT011B y CTOpOHi, 3aHenaB JJ.yx y iHUIMX BOHKiB, 60 BiH llO'lJaB poa6iraTMC11 ~e )1.0 nO"'aTKY 3iTKHeHHH; TaM eTOHJIH JIIOJI.11 3BW·Iai1:Hi, 3BMKJii 6inhme JJ.O rpomei:f, Hi* JJ.O cJiaBM. Koponh Kaai1MHP Hara.u.ysas iM, ~o6 BOHM nosepHyJIMeh Haaa)J., .u.o 6mo, ane, sraMonyro"tJM ix, '.Jlo.M IQl npozpQ.!lu

niH caM MaJIO He noTpanMB ll.O sopo»<Mx pyK, a)K i1:oro enol oxopoHMJII1. TaM 3arMHYJIO JI.y)Ke 6araTO flOJIHKiB, rpe1.1HMX JIIO,ll.eM, a B311TMX y llOJIOH 6yJio TpHcTa. Koponb Ka311MMp, nparHy'lJM noMCTM, 3Hosy 3i6pas JIIO)J.ei:t:, O}J.Hi 6yJIM Hai1MaH~HMM 3 qexil, Mopasii Ta CiJie3ii, .u.pyri- i:foro BJiaeHi, 3 JlMT-

'J(opoll&

BH Ta Ilonh~i. 3 KoTpHMM niH eTas 6iJI11 OnoKH no6JIM3Y TopyHH. KoJIM niH

BolO£ '.TlpycciiO Ji6pas see sii:febKO, TO pym11s Ha Ilpyeei10 Ha .ll.pyrHi:f ,neHh nicJIH JJ.HH en. Ka-

TepHHH i 3)J.06ynaB TaM 6araTO 3aMKiB. llpyccbKHH )Ke MaricTp, He MaiO'·I H "lJMM 3anJiaTMTli csoiM cJiy)KMBHM, TPMMaB lx Ha CBO€M}' eJiosi, )J.asmM IM B aaKJia)J. 3aMOK Manb6opK, HK 3i enoro 6oKy, TaK i xpecTOHOe~is, )J.OKH iM He 6yJJ.e 3anna1.1eHo.

(c. 108)

To)J.i Hai1MaHu.i, KOTpHx 6yJio 6000, 6oH1.J:liCb onMHHTMCb y Manb60pKY B o6Jio3i, nocJianH JJ.O Kopon11, ~o6 niH )J.aB IM 3acny)KeHi rpowi, o6iiJ.HI01.J:H ?(ppo!l& I(JJnu8 ?.faJI&6opl(

nepe.ll.aTM i1:oMy 3aMOK Manh6opK. KopoJib Ka3liMHp He Mas TaK 6araTo rpomei:f, aJie HaKJiaB )J.aHHHY Ha .lJ.yxOBHHX Ta CBiTCbKHX, }1.0 TOfO )K 3 KOCTbOJiiB BeJIMKo'i IlOJibll(i, ane He 3 KpaKosa, 6yno B3HTO cpi6Jio . TaK 6yJio HaKOnH"lJeHo noTpi6Hy cyMy rpowei1 . CaMi TiJibKH r,naH~aHH )J.aJIH 40 000 qepBOHHX 3JIOTHX Ynbpixy l.JepsoH~i. noTiM nOJI11Kli si,ll.KJiaJIH JJ.Ba)J.QHTb n'HTb THCH'l [(hOM}' )K qepBOHQi, a CnJiaTy pelllTI1 rpomeM ,ll.JIH3BiJibHeHH.H3aMKYTa s'.HaHiB si,nKJiaJIM ,no BeJil1KOlJ.HH. IlicJIH Be;ntKOlJ.H.H qepnoHKa, B3HBlllH pemT)' rpomei1 Bill. noJibCbKoro I<OpoJI.H, nponin npyccbKOro MaricTpa .ll.O Tl.Jesa,

3azaJIL>HO

a Kopomt Kaa11M11pa 3 IIOJibCI>Kl1MI1 naHaMM nnycTHB .u.o aaMK}' Ma.nb6opK

xnipTKOIO BiJJ. piKM Hora·ry, i KOpOJib npocTO 3 r.u.aHCbKa n'ixaa 3 MHpOM POKY 1457 y CB.HTKony cy6ory. CyMa 6yna )J.aHa rnecTH TMC.Hl.JaM Hai1MaHu.is 3 MaJib476 000 6opKa i 3a B'SI3HiB - 'lJOT11pHeTa CiM}J.eCHT llliCTb TI1CH'-1 llOJibCbKHX 3JlOT11X.

cy.Ma JO MML>6opl(%o611ipu

MicTo MaJIL6opK neB}J.OB3i niMaJlOCH, KOJIH ix i3 JaMKY npnTHCJIM. IHmi )K

HO tOJli

Ji 'llfmocco}.t Hai1MaHi B011KI1 B.ll.epJIHOI )1.0 lJibKyma, HaCaMnepe,li. liJTOCC 3 0Jib6paXHI1Qb ma C8e6o-

3i Cae6oponcbKHM, 3axonHJII1 TaM COTHIO KOHeii, KOTPMMH B03HJII1 BolJ.y,

po8cbl(u)t iJo.Maza- i, norpa6ysanm11 MicTe1.mo CJianKOB, 3aiiaJli1Jll1; y BEJIYHCuKiM 3eMJii BOHM B3SIIOmL>CJI JOCJIY'IICWOi

JIH q)opTeU.IO B KeMnHO, .ue BOHI1 '-IMHI1JII1 lllKOJJ.Y, Ka)Ky'-111, ll~O IM B npyecii

n11am11i He JannaTMJIH 3a CJIY»<6y. .llo Toro JK Ji6paHe nii:fCbKO JIK 3 l..Jexil Ta CiJieJil,

148

KHMrA I TaK i 3 11oJib~i. 3po6MJIO co6i q)opTeQlO Ha ropi )l(e6paKin no6JIH3Y OcneHQiMa

i 3aB,1laJIO 3Hal..IHI1X 36MTKiB

IJOJih~i t.~epe3 HeCnJiary rpornei1. flpOTH

HMX TIOCJlaJIM KpaKiBCbKOfO CTapocry 11eHb0H)I(eKa, KOTpHH 6ys 3a6e3neqe-

91tHbOH:HCtl(.

HHH .no6pnM np116yrKOM nicJI.H CKHHeHH.H RHa l.J.H)I(ODCbKOro 3 KpaKiBCbKOro CTapOCTBa, ~06 BiH 36epir Mai11HO HaMMaHHX BO.HKiB, a Qe po36ii1HHQTBO np116opKaB. BiH o6JIO)I(HB KeMnHO 3i lllToccoM, o.n.HaK ni3Hirne BHnycTHB i1oro Ha neBHHX yMoBax, a B KeMnHo nocTaBHB csiii rapHi3oH.

Y QeM 'tJaC spoQJiaDCbKi Ta HaMHCJIOBCbKi Mi~aHH TIOCJlaJIH CBOIX TIOCJiiB

'Bpoljlla~i

.no Kopoll.H Ka3HMHpa, KOJIM Kopollh 6ys y JleHt.~HQi, ~o6 B3.HB lx ni.n. csii1

6opoH.Rm&

3aXHCT, ocKiJihKH t.~eChKHM Kopollh Ip)l(i I1o.ne6pa.n., 6y.n.yt.~H si.ncrynHHKOM

IJipy

l@rrWJIU!!b'\!1

si.n xpHCTH.HHCbKOI sip11, HecJiyrnHo xoqe iM HaKa3ynaTH. ,li,oQiJibHirne 6yJIO 6, KOJIH 6 BOHH 6yJIM ni.n. ynpasJiiHH.HM Ta 3aXHCTOM KaTOJlHQbKOfO nacTHp.H. KopOJib He Bi.llMOBHB iM y QhOMy, aJie 3 orJI.H.llY Ha npycchKi no.nii si.n.KJiaB Qe .no iHrnoro t.~acy. Uboro )I( 1454 poKy OCBeHQiMCbKHM KH.H3b 51Hyrn i nrneMHCJiaB TomeQbKHM po36ii1HMt.IaJIH s IloJih~i. IlpoTH HMX 6y;w nocJiaHo cTapocry RHa II(eroQhKoro Ta RHa KyponaTsy, mo6JiiHCbKoro ni.n.KoMopi.H, 3 iHUIHMH Hai1:MaHHMH BO.HKaMH, KOTpi o6JIO)I(HJIM OcseHQiM I I (c.l09) i B3IDIH iioro, a TaM nocTaBHJIH cTapocToiO RHa l..JH)I(OBCbKoro; a KOJIH Qei1 npocHB MHJiocTi, TO iioMY 6yJio .naHo 20

910JI11lljQ

IQJnUAa Oc8eH~JiM

000 nnacKHX rpornis 3a OcseHQiMcbKe cTapo-

CTBO, KOTporo BlH HaBlKH Bl.D.plKC.H. Y Qell )l(e 'tJaC TaTapH BOIOBaJIH PycbKi 3eMJii. IlpOTH HMX WBI1.1lKO BHpy-

J'lallj

WHB RH Jla~ 3 .noM)' IloM.HH, cTapocTa 3 )KyKOBQ.H, 3 iHWMM 3i6paHHM pHQap-

ITUJmap

po;6u6

CTBOM. Jla~ po36HB lxHii1 nepmHi1 JariH, a noTiM Ha csiTaHKY i ixHiii Kim. IloTiM poKy 1457 npyCCbKHH MaricTp JliO.D.Bir, nparHyqH TIOMCTHTMCSI 3a cso10 KpHs.n.y KopoJIIO Ka3HMHpy, cnycTOWHB ,ne.HKi KopoJiiBChKi MicTa ti 3aMKI1 B Ilpyccii. 0,nHaK KOpOJib, 3i6paBlliM BiHCbKO BOEHHHM npaBOM, BHCT}'IlHB npoTH Hboro. TaM niH .nom:eHry po3rpoMHB xpecToHocQiB 3 yciM ixHiM BiHCbKOM, TaK II(O Jie,nBe caM MaricTp JliO,nBir .D.aB pa.n.y CBOIM HOfaM;

Xpecmo-

TaK nOJl.HKH, xoq i .nii1cHo 3 BeJIHKHMH TPY.1lHOII(aMH, JaxonMJIH sci 3aMKH

poJ6umo

HOC~i8

iJOIIjtHmy

xpecToHocQiB. IloTiM, poKY 1461 y JlHnHi MiC.HQi, AH.n)l(eH TeHt.~HHCbKMH s.napus 36po.Hpa KJliM)'HTa B KpaKosi 3a Te, m:o TOM MOMY He WBM.1lKO 3po611B 36poro, ane KOJlH TOM 3aKpH'llaB npo6i, TO 6araThOX JliO.D.eM nopyw11s. Pai1Qi MWJ111 Ha 3aMOK CKap)I(HTHC.H, aJie TIOKH BOHH BHMWJlH i3 3aMKY, npOCTOJIIO)I;, CXOTIMBWHCb 3a 36poro, B.D.apHB y .1l3BOHH, i 'tJHMaJIO 036po€HHX JliO.D.eM npH6yJlo. TeHliHHChKHM YKPHBC.H y .n.oMi Ki3HHKa Ha BYJlHQi EpaTCbKii1, ane, He .n.onip.HIOl..IH QbOM}' MicQIO, BTiK i3 CHHOM RHOM, CeQHrHbOBCbKHM i CnHTKOM MeJlblliTHHCbKHM ,ll;O KOCTbOJIY CB. <l>paHQHCKa, i TaM BOHH 3iMWJlH Ha Be~. 9HtH'lUH· Cbi(JIU Alle M QhOM)' MiCQIO siH He 30BciM .1lOBip.HB i BTiK .1lO JaxpHCT.H, 3aJIHWHBWH y6umuu TOBapHCTBO Ha Be)l(i. MicbKHH )l(e npOCTOJliO,ll;, He3Ba)l(ai0l..IH Ha Micu;e Ta OCO· npocmomoiJo.M y 6u, KHHYBCSI T}'.1lH, 3.1lo6yn CHJlOIO 3axpncTSI, raHe6Ho i1oro nopy6as i n6us, 1\piJI(p6i TIOT.HI'H}'B MepTBe TLnO Ha parywy, 6'roqu HOfO. ,l(Ba ,ll;Hi BOHO Jie)l(aJlO B pa- CmpauHo T}'Illi, Ha TPeriH ,neHh npHHeceHe 6yJlo .1lO KOCThOJIY cs. BoMQexa, aHa qeTsep- l\pcuQ6cfr ~paut;i8 THH ,ll;eHh nonepHeHo npH.HTeJI.HM i noxosaHo B KcbOH~. Ha .1lpyrHi1 piK KpaKiBchKi pai1Qi 6yJlH npHT.HrHeHi .1lO cy,ll;y nepe.1l KoponeM Ha sirinho Tphox

149

KHMrA I

?(ppo1111

llJ.R8 xoi1Hi1Ql

y zyecmo· HOC!j£8

'Bi-z.u ntpe· .Mup~

J zyecmo· HOCgil.MU 9To.Mopc~>l(fl

JeJ.ul.Sl HGlJi'lHO

npuciJnana 00 9To.ttbllji

'BAaiJuc..na8, CUH '}(pJU·

.lttupa, cmo8 UCbi(UM

J(ppo.tte.M '.Ywpc~>l(j nOCJIU

00 J(ppOIUI.

?(aJU.Mupa

flceucbi(UU M!J:HC

:tJJpo6pui1

KOpoJiiB, a BOHH npOCHJIH, 1.1.\06 IX 3ri~HO 3 ixHiMH npHsiJienMH cy~HJUI no HiMeQbKOM)' npasy nepe~ siihoM. Kopon& 3i csoiMH p~aMH cKa3aB iM, 1.1.\0 He6i)K'UfK TeH"'HHCbKHH Te)K noKJI~aBc.H Ha Qe npaso, ane HOM)' He xoTiJIH Qhoro ,u;aTH, TiJihKH 6e3npasHo ti: raHe6Ho s6HJIH ti:oro. TaM 6yJio 3acy}J)KeHo Ha cMepTb "'OTHpbox 3 pa,n.H, a caMe: KoH~paTa Jl.HHra, CTaHicJiaBa Jl.HMiTTepa, RpoCJiasa IllapJie.R, MaptdHa BeJI3y; a 3 nocnoJibCTsa: JIHa TelliHapa, JIHa BoJib<jlpaMa, KfWHipa, JIHa MaJISJJKa, RHa IllepJISIHra, cJIIocapn i parynmoro QexMicTpa, a 36ponp BTiK.Ix noc~HJIH B 3aMKY JJ.O se)Ki, .HKf 3BaJIH TeH'H1HCbKa Be)Ka. IllocToro ~HSJ, npHHH.HDWH Cn.HTi ~ap11, TaM )Key 3aMKY ni~ 1..\i€10 se)KeiO 15 ci"'H.R wicT&ox 3 HI1:X 6yJio cTpaqeHo, a Tpbox B3.HB Ha Pa6wTHH RH Pa6wTHHChKHH, a caMe: I I (c. 110) TewHapa, J.IHa BoJI&<jlpaMa, MapuiHa EeJIJy. BiH ,u;osro TPI1MaB ix ni~ sapToiO, noTiM ~sox 3 HHX 6yJio si~npaBJie HO, a TpeTiH noMep. DoTiM y 1466 poQi KopoJib KaJHMHp, 3axonHBWH MicTo Ta 3aMOK XoifHil..\bKHH, yK.Jias 3ro~y ii siqHe nepeMHp'.H Ha KJionoTaHH.H 6araTbOX KHSJ3is 3 npycCbKHM MaricTpOM Ta HiMel..\hKMM Hapo~OM. 3 l{bOrO "'acy TIOMOpCbKa 3eMJin, MixanoscbKa Ta KyJI&MeHCbKa npH.TI)"leHi JJ.O KopoHH DoJibCbKoi. 3a HHX llOJISIKH BOIOBaJIH 3 xpeCTOHOCQ.RMH BiCiM~eC.HT poKiB . Y Qeii qac qecbKHH KOpOJih lpJKi noMep. Tiicm1 ti:oro CMepTi qexH npoCHJIM, 1.1.\06 Ka3MMMP csoro cTapworo CMHa BJia,u.HcJiasa nocJias iM Ha KopoJiiBCTBO. Ka3MMMP nocJias nocJiis y Qiii cnpasi ~o iMnepaTopa pi~pixa. K01111: iMnepaTop ~aB Ha 1..\e J1.03BiJI, TOy JIMllHi 1471 poKy CTaprrndi CHH Ka3HMHpa BJia~McJiaB BHixas 3 KpaKosa ~o qexii Ha KopoHaQiiO, MaiOqH 3 co6010 CiM THCSI"' KiHHOTHHKiB i JJ.Bi TMCSI"'i niXOTH. llpOHillOBWM qepe3 CKaBMHy, OcseHQiM, BOHH npu6yJIH aJK .no nparH, i TaM KopoJiesHq 6ys npHHHSJTMH 3 BeJIMKOIO D~HqHiCTIO. 21 cepnH.H BiH 6ys KOpOHOBaHHH i noMa3aHMM Ha qecbKe KopoJiiscTso KaM'nHeQbKMM EnMcKonoM MuKoJiaEM pa3oM 3 iHWMMH EnHcKonaMM Ha seJIMKY pa~icTb npocTOJIIO~y. YropQi, noqyslllH npo Te, 1.1.\0 po611T&C.H B qexil, noCJiaJIM ~o KopoJin Ka3MMMpa CBOIX nocJiiB, €llMCKOnis JIHa EcTeproMCbKoro i naqy (Paczy) KoCTbOJibCbKOro, TaKO)I< Pal1HOJI&~a 3 PH3rOH)'. BoHH xoTim1, rn.o6 YropchKe KopoJiiBCTBO nocis ~pyr11i1 CHH, T06To Ka3HM11p, KOTpliii Hapo~MBC.R nicJISJ Bna,li.MCJiasa, Ha3HBaiOqH MaTiawa seJIHKMM Hl1lll;I1TeJieM YropcbKOro KopoJiiBCTBa, SJKHH TiJihKH rpa6yE csolx niMaHHX, a npoTM ryp1<in He BOlO€, JIHwe npoTH xpHcTH.HH. Y TaKoMy BHna.n.Ky Koponb Ka3HMHP nocJian CI1Ha Ka3HMHpa ~o Yropll.\HHH Ha KoponiscTso i3 ,u;saHa.ni..\HTbMa TMCSJqaMH niilcbKa. BoHM np116ynu .u;o HiTpH, ane JKO)J.eH 3 yropl..\iB He xoTin npMixaTI1,lJ;O HHX, aHi JJ.aBaTH yTpHMaHHSJ, .RK o6iQ.HJIM. £aqat.nt. ue, CJI)'>I<MBi, oco6JIHBO HiMI.\i, .HKHX Ka3MMHP YTPHMynan Ja nnaTHIO, ~eJII<i ~nopSIHH, BI1IXaJII1 reT& 3 Yrop1.1.\HHH, 60 BOHH He MaJIH nposiaHry. 3a 1..\e O~HHX 3 HUX 6yJio ll036aBJieHO qecTi, a iHwi 6yn11 cTpaqeHi. Koponb MaTiaw, MaJ0'4H .no6pi ni,n:oMocTi npo Ka3HMHpa, Ja.U.yMan iioro o6JimKHTM s HiTpi, ane KopoJieBMq Ka3HM11p 3 ,n:eSJKHMI1 .n.nop.HHaMH y CBSITO cn. lll,enaHa BHixan yHoqi 3 HiTp11 i np116yn ,n:o csoix 3 MHpOM ~o Inanu . An HiTpi 3aJIHmMncn DasJio JiceHCbKMi'i 3 TpboMa THC.HqaMH >I<OBHipin, II.J.06 3aTpHMaTH MaTiarnene sii1c&Ko. KoJIH MaTi-

150

KHHrA I am 3JJ.o6yaaa i1oro, niH .no6pe 6opoHMBC.H, TiJibKH lllJI.SIXOM neperoaopin yKJia.JU1 yro,ny: .HceHCh~liM3 yciM BiJ'tcbKOM i 3i CBOIMH peqaMH Ma.JIH BiJibHO BHHTH, noKHIJYBlllH 3a.MOK. To.ni .HceHChKHM 3i caoiM aii1c&KOM BHHlllOB i pyunm Ha 3aMoK Ty:>Ke~. a.Jie MaTiaUI norHaacn 3a HHM, He3Ba:>KaiOt·rH Ha yMoay i Ha o6iTHHIJ.IO. Ko1111 :>K niH no6at.JHB, 11.(0 BOHH xoTim1 6opoHHTHC.SI, TO ni,ncTynHB Ha3a,n; o.n.HaK 3a6paa y Hamux TaKi 3aMKH, .HK: I I (c. 111) IJiaaa, Typt.J, fy6eHa, Mixa.JioB i CTpo6non. Bi,n Ta.Koro ycnixy MaTiam3anHwaac.SI, HanHcaB JIHCTH ,ll.O BciX XpHCTH.SIHChKHX KOpOJiiB j ,ll.O nanH, ll.\0 BiH BMrHaB 3 Yropll.(HHH noJI&ChKoro Kopon11, po36uaum i1oro 2000 aii1c&Ka i 3aXOTIHBUII1 BeJIHKi CKap6H. PoKy 1472. ,ll,o Koponn Ka3HMHpa npt11xaa nanc&KHM neraT, aKaiJieHChKHM naTpiapx MapK, aeHeu.iaHeU.& 3a noxo.n.>r<eHH.SIM, 3 npoxaHHHM 11.0 TIOJibCbKOrO H t.JeCbKOrO KOpoJiiB, 11.(06 BOHH npHnl1HH.Jll1 BiMHY npOTH MaTiawa, 11.(06 BOHR BI•ITpaTH Ha Hei o6epHyJIH He Ha BHyTpiwHi yco6HQi, aHa 6opoT&6y 3 rypKaMH, roryiOt.Jl1Cb npOTH HHX pa30M 3 iHlllHMH XpHCTH.SIHaMH. Alr.e aiH He .no sis .no KiHu.n u.&oro npuMupeHH.SI, xot.Ja KJI11BC.SI, mo MaTiam noaepHe 3aMKH Ta sci ,nep:>KaBH, 11Ki 3a6pan y t.tec&Koro Kopon.SI, o,nHaK TOM He nosepH)'B lx. 3 I:(iei npl1t.JHHH cnin&He ai:tk&KO u.awux 6paTiB 3 'llexii, Mopaaii, Cine3ii Ta IToJI&ll.(i nimJio .no Yropll.(HHH, 3aHH.SIJIO Ha DosoH3Y (Powqzu) ropu Mo.npy i ByKoaeu.&, 3Bi,nKH t.JiiHHJIO yropu.nM seJIHKi UIKOlJ.H. Y ~ei1 t.Jac MaTiaw nocnas To Mama Tapqi (Tarczego) 3 wicTbMa T.MC.Ht.JaMH BiHCbKa Ha Do,nry:>Ke ,Z:\0 I10JihiiJ;i, KOTpi HenoMiTHO ni,nii1:m.JIH, B3.SIJIH MicTO i1 3aMoK 3Mirpy.n, a norpa6yaaam11, cna.JIMJIH; 3BilJ.TH i1w.JIH .no .Hcna, o:>KoCTKa, Konat.tHU.h, <l>pMwTa.Ka, ,li,}'KJli, I1i.JI&3Ha, ,ll,oM6poaH, nKi norpa6ysaJIH i1 cna.JI.M.JIH pa30M 3 HaBKO.JIHUIHiMH ce.JiaMH. 0TOt.JHBmH 3 ycix 6oKiB Kpoc. a:>K TIOTIM . BHaC.Jil.[\OK . HO, BOHM nycTOWMJIH OKO.JIMQI, nepeMHp ' .SI, yK.Jia,neHOrO 3 Ma.TiaweM, BHMlil.JIM 3 Ili.nry:>Ka. IToTiM BOHH pywH.JIH npoTH no1111Ka KoMoposc&Koro ni.n 3aMKH Po3eM6epK, fpa,neK, )Ka6iHe~h, CTapHrpy.n i JliTasy, y KOTpii1 ~ei1 Tapqi yKpuncn 3 ai:Hc&KOM. Kom1 :>K HOMY MiCTO ,na.Jio 8000 3.JIOTMX 30.JIOTOM, To niH sui1:moa 3Bi.ATH i noixas y caol KpaiHH. [(&oro :>K poKY Ka3MMHp, npariryt.JH noMCTHTHCh MaTiamy 3a Kp.Ms,ny '1eCbKOrO KOpO.JI$1, 3i6paB npOTM HbOrO Be.JIHKe BiMCbKO 3 .JIHTOBI:(iB, TaTap i TIO.JI.SIKiB, KOTpHX 6yno, .SIK TIMlli)'Tb, .[\0 40 000, pymHB 3 U.MM BiHCbKOM qepe3 McToB, Kweniu.e a:>K .no Cine3il, 6o TaM MaTiam y noxo,ni 3axonus K.niOt.J6opK i DMt.JHiry. ITepenpasuswHc& t.Jepe3 O,npy 6inn XpanoBMIJ.h, BOHM eTaJIM 6i.Ju1 Onasu. MaTiam niUioB Ha Bpou.nas, :Horo ai:Hc&KO a.napuno Ha TIO.JlbCbKHX KiHHOTHHKiB 3i CTIHCaMH, KOTpi I3.[\H.Jl.M Bi.JtbHO ry,nH M CIO.[\M, 6ea BiHCbKOBOrO illHKY. AJie yropl:(i Hit.Joro IM He aano.l(i.HJIH, 60 BOHH, Bi.l(6.MBaIOt.JHCb, Bi.l(iHWJIH .no caoro sii1:c&Ka. KaaHMHp KHHya y 6ii1 .JierKe si:Hc&KO, OC06.JIHBO Ta.Tap Ta .JlMTOB~iB 3 llaB.JIOM .HceHCbKHM Ta ,l(BOp.HHaMH nilJ. Be.JIHKHM npanopoM; BOHH B.l(ap.M.JI.M Ha BiMCbKO MaTiama i po36HJIH HOro: TaM no.Jl$1r.Jia TpynoM THC.Ht.Ja 1.JO.JIOBiK, Ti.JibKM 3Ha1.JHHX 6y.JIO B3.RTO B TIO.JIOH WiCT,l(eC.HT, Mhf< .HIGIMH 6y.JIH YJibpHK llpocreHChKHH, Ilerpo fy.l(BiiJ;b, llaBJIO KapaaT Ta iHmi 3 Hai1ronoaHimHx. lloriM .l(O HHX np11ixas qec&KHH Kopon& B.Jia.AHC.JiaB 3 ,l(Ba,AI:(.RT&Ma THC.Hl.JaMH BiHC&Ka. AJie niXOTH 6yno TIOH(lA TIO.JIOBHHY•

151

!Mamiaw 8JH8 npui({Jp·

iJmmi Ja.MI(.U

?TatteiiiQl i1

nocoll iJo I({Jpoll.Jl npo

yz.oU!f

J !Mami· awe.M

~ ma noll.Jli(.U 601010mb

'Yzopcbl(j I([Jai

3a.MIQl

'1\p.Mopo6Cbi({JW

'XflJu.MUp 6010£

ywpcbl(j I({JpiJoHu

!MamiaUUJ poJ6umo 'Ywpcbl(j 6JI.JHi

KHIIfA I 6o HWJIOCSI npo iioro KpMa,uy. Tii.ucrynHJIM I I (c. 112) .no BpoUJiaaa 11: o6JIO)KHJIH iioro 3.UaJieKa no JiiBiii CTopoHi, )KO,UHoro Jia,ny t.JH Jro,nM He 6yno, o,uHaK iioMy Hit.Joro He MOrJIH 3po611TH. EaraTo HaiiiHX 6yJio cxonJieHo ni,u llaC CfTHt.JOK, ,UO TOrO )K 3aropiBCSI B CHJibHMH BiTep Ham Ta6ip, yHacJii,UOK qoro aropiJio 6araTo KOHeii, MaiiHa, B03iB Ta npoaiaHry. llMIIIYTb xpoHicTH, ~o TaM, noMi* rapMaTaMM, 6yJio aHaii,ueHo Eo*e TiJio, OP.HaK rocno,nb Eor He .uonycTMB iioro 3HMmeHHSI ai.u. aorHsrHoi HanacTi. MaTiam, 6aqaqH THiK· K}' CHrya~iiO HaWHX, ni,uHiCCSI ,uyxOM niCJISI BeJIHKOfO CTpaxy, llOCJiaB JJ.Ba '.Bir1ct>l(9 !Jt{amiauuz

caoi aiiiChKa liMHHTM WKOJJ.H KoponiO: o.u.He- .uo BeJJMKOi llOJibi.I..\i, .u.pyre iKMKJHQpY6 .u.o BEJIIOHCbKoi aeMJii. U:i aiiicbKa t.JHHMJIH aeJIMKi lliKO.UM aorHeM Ta Met.JeM. !lloJit>~Y Y ~eM qac OllOJibCbKMH KHSI3b KMHYBCSI Ha MiCTet.JKO .KJio6y~KO, aJie HOfO MimaHM BiJJ.ifHaJIM, TO,Ui BiH CllaJIHB MeJJ.3HiKet.J KOiKyxOBCbKOfO Ta fJIOriBCb· Koro KHH3SI. RK TIMlli)'Tb, cTapocTa CeH,uJiaoii npo.uas JaMOK Ja aoJioTo; TaKO* BOIOBaJIM a)K JJ.O ll03HaHi. )l.o TOfO )K y llOJibCbKOM)' Ta t.JeCbKOM)' BiHCbKf 6ya BeJIMKMH fOJIOJJ. i qepBiHKa, TaKOiK HaJJ.XO,U.MJIH XOJIO,U.M, qepe3 1.1..\0 JJ.OBeJIOCSI yKJia,uaTH TMMt.Jacoae nepeMMp'sr a MaTiaweM, SIK BiH iKaJJ.aB, Ha .usa

. .

poKM lllllCTb MlCSI~lB, lllCJISI t.JOfO BlJJ.CrynHJIM Ha3a,A. !llOCOII PoKy 1474. KaTepOHfC 3eHO, nocoJI nepCMJJ.ChKOfO KOpOJISI rycaKacantpcrWct>· J(pZO I(DpO/IJl Ha, np11ixaa .n:o nOJibCbKoro Koponsr 3 JIHCTaMH, nHcaHHMH apa6cbKHMH iJo X.a]UMupa nHCbMeHaMM, y KOTpMx po3noai.u.aa npo cao€ macTsr nepeMorH HaP. rypeQbKMM cyJITaHOM, mo iioro 6araTo pa3iB rpoMMB. BiH npoom, mo6 nOJihChKHii KOpOJib 3 iHWHMH xpMCTHSIHCbKHMH KOpOJIHMH limos Ha KoHcTaHTHHonOJib, HK Eor .n:acTb, i a TaKOM)' pa3i o6i~sra, mo HaaecHi, BMraHHIOliM rypKiB 3 fpeQii, JJ.OllOMO)Ke nory)KHO HMI.I..\HTH rypKiB 3 nJJiy. PoKy 14 76. TypKH .H TaTapM nory)KHO ai6panHc.SI aii1HoiO Ha MOJI,nasCbKOro rocno.u.ap.SI CTe<}laHa, t.JHHHJIM BeJIHKi lUKO.ll:M y i1:oro 3eMJii. npont: HHX CTe<}laH BHCTynHB, HacaMnepe.u po36Hn TaTap , noTiM s.u.ap11s Ha rypKiB, KOJIH Ti nepenpasJI.SIJIHC.SI qepe3 )l.yHaii, ane Ja3Has nopa3KH, 6o .HoMy iHwi rypKH 3aHlliJIH a THJI. BiH see )K fHHKH)'B TH)KKOi nopa3KH, 6o aTpaTHB TiJibKM P.BicTi BO.SIKiB. TypKH 'liHHHJIH i1oMy wKO)J.H B i1:oro 3eMJii, ane rocno-nap 6araTbOX 3 HHX CXOllHB ni,n 'lJaC C}'TH'liOK, npOCHB MaTiawa )J.OllOMOrTM. MaTiaw HanHcaa JIHCTH, i, noKH 3i6paa sii1:cbKa, T)'PKH BTeKJIH 3 Mo.JI,lJ.aaii. 3 Qhoro npHao,ny nana nocnaa i1oMy ,uni THCH'lli 3JIOTHX y 30JIOTi. Hea.n.oaJi nicJIR Qhoro B YropmHHi Ta no6JIH3Y Hei rypKH 'liHHHJIH aeJIHKY wKo.n:y, JaxonHJIH y Kopon.SI MaTiarna n '.HTb .uepes '.RHHX JaMKiB, RKi BiH He.n.asHO 36y.zzyaas. L(horo )K poKy rypeQbKHi1 cynTaH 3axonHB Kacpy, MicTo reHyeJbKHX naHiB, 3aB,nRKH iTanii1ChKHM xJ.npoll.(aM, xoqa ~e MiCTO .n:ocHTb MY)KHbO 6opoHHJIOC.SI ni.n TYPKiD npoTRrOM .u.na,nQSITH 'liOTHpbox poKiB ai.u. qacy na,niHHSI KoHcTaHTHHonoJIR. I..Uonpan.n.a, QHX iTaniiichKHx 3pa.U.HHKiB noraHeQh 3a6paa .u.o KoHcTaHTHHonoJIR i BKHHYB .u.o B 'SI3HHU.i, 3a6pas TaKO)I( iHwHx BiMCbKOBHx mo,uei1:, KOTpi 6yJIH y Kacpi, I I (c. 113) a TaM nocTaBHB cnii1: rapHi3oH. L(boro )K poKy MaTiaw 3a6pan 3aMKH Ta MaETHOCTi y cineJbKHX KHS13iB, KOJIH BOHH BOIOBaJIH Mi>K c06010. 0co6JII1BO 6araTO BiH 3a6paB y .HHyllla, rJIHBHQbKoro [KHS13SI], a caMe: EHTOM, ill nip, KneHeU.b, Ko3Jie, OJiewHiu.e, Bon on, a caM oro KHSI3SI KHHYB .n.o n' .H3Huu.i. Y KHR3SI Bau.Jiasa PHCTHHQbKoro Ja6pan PH6HHKH, 3po6Hs iioro 6e3yMHHM i 3rHoin y a'R3-

152

KHMrA I HHU.i. KHS13b T€WHHCbKHil noMep ni.u. n e'Ja.ni. A npH'1HHY [ 1..\HX aarap6aHb] M aTiarn 3Haruuos y HHX caMHx , 6o niH ix, Ka)l(e , o6opoHSI€ i Hece sTpaTH, a BOHM CII)l.SITb y MHpi, 36HpaiOTb CKap6H, BOIOIOTb Mi)l( C060JO. « Kpa~e 51 . .. ' . BaM TaK 8'-IHHIO, OOCH)l.bTe 1)'T» ,- I TaK IX y B SI3HHI.J.l 3rHOIB Ta OOMOpHB. n oTi M, poKy 1490, KOpOJib Ka3HMHp, 3)1.iMCHHBllll1 '11-IMaJIO npeKpacHHX cnpas, w.ac..lHBO nonpow.asCSI ai CBiTOM y Mi CTi rpo.u.Hi y Jh nni . BiH no co6i 3aJIHWHB wicThOX oiHis: BJia.U.HCJiasa, KaaHMHpa, 0Jib6paxTa, CHriaMYH.U.a, <l>pi.npixa i1 O neKcaH.npa; TaKO)I( ciM )1.0\.IOK: R.nsiry, Cocpi10, AHHy, E ap6apy, E.nb)l(6eTy i T • .n. BJia.U.HCJias no cMepTi M aTi awa 6yn o6paHHM yropCbKHM KOpOJieM 3a O)l.HOCTaMHOIO 3r0)1.010 BCiX yropQiB, i BiH noTiM W.aCJIHBO Kepysas i '4eCbKHM KOpOJiiBCTBOM. 0Jib6paxT niCJISI 6aTbKa ncrynHB Ha npeCTOJI noJibCbKOrO KOpOJiiBCTBa. BiH MCTHBCSI noTiM noraHQSIM aa cMepTb pi.u.Horo cTpHst, cJiaBHoi naM 'stTi BJia.nHcJiana Rrai1JIOBH'1a, KoTpHi1 aarMHYB ni.n B apHOIO, nonin cno€ .nocMTb MY)I(H€ i, nsa)l(aH, .u.o6ipHe sii1chKO .no Type'I'-IMH.H. AJie HenipHHM MOJI,l(asaHHH o6.nypHB lioro apa,li;OIO, ni.l(p y6asw.H 6yKOBHH Jiic, npo w.o 6 y.l(e cKaaaHo HM)I('Je, a Tenep iHllli 6paT.H 6epfTb csiii y.niJI: O JieKcaH,ll;p OTpHMas JlHTOBCbKe KHst3incTBO, CHriaM)'H,ll; CTaB rnoriBCbKHM KHSI3eM, <l>pi,ll;pix OTPMMaB KpaKiBCbKe i1 noaHaHCbKe €llHCKOOCTBa, a OOTiM CTaB O.ll:H.HM 3 OTQiB, pHMCbKHM Kap)l.HHaJIOM.

.HH

OJibEPAXT

CMi.fl.u6o Geoew, o6oi.Mennuu Jl.ne, 8iiicoKSJ '1Joi1o6nu'l~ ca8po.MamiD, oo6p~ 8 ycoo.My. $epew g6po10, a.ne oape.Mno,

153

KHRrA I !lTpomu nozm-tljifJ, UJ06 noMcmumucb Ja c8ozo piimozo cmpWt. .9lJle Jvw.llaafJanun 6o.nzygRufJuu gpaiJufJ, Xo'l i o6ityl6, ue aompUMafJ CJto8a, Jpail.!lu8ui1. ~umu1Q18a8mu Bii1cb1(9, npomu me6e noe, npomu m8ozo pu~japcm8a, ao Birznoi :HCaJUJ6u. g[Q.M '.Rmna no./l.Jl1(a.M, cno8Heuu.M. 'lecnom, 6yae 'Ey1({J8uua, '1Jo1(Jl merze mupo1(910 merzi£10 6ucmpa 'lJBiHa. Xorza me6e y M-o.lloao.My BiZJ,i J.lla .Yla;r,_ecic ~w nac 3a6pww, Me CJta8a m8o.n :HCufJe y Bi1(~ II (c. 114) PoKy Bi,z:J; Pi3~Ba rocno~HbOro 1492

KonM Ka3MMHP nepeH:rnos 3 Qboro csi2JeH.t~i

TY .AO He6ecHoro QapcTBa, .HH 0Jib6paxT eTas npaBMTM Ha iioro MiCQi KopoH-

aHc&J(j

HOIO ,Aep)KaBOIO, llOlllTMBO npHMHSIBlllM CBSIT}' KOpOII)'. ,lJ,O HbOrO Ha KOpOHa-

nOCJIU

QiiO np116yJIM neHeQiaHCbKi nocJIM, 6a)KaiOt.IM iioMy macJIHBMX ycnixin i

']J[yp1(u npoCllm& nept.Mup:,Z

3ycmpi<t 1\.PpOlUl

0Jl&6p~

;ic6oi.M 6pamo.M

%uwu· CJJa6o.M, !JZOpt:bi(Jl.M

l(opollt.M,

3BMTHrM HM KO)KHMM noporoM CnHTOro XpecTa. lloTiM np116ynM rypeQbKi noCJIM, KOTpi npoxaJIM npo nepeMHp'H. KopoJib 0Jib6paxT .AO nenHoro qacy He norop,A)KyBaB HMMM. lloTiM, poKy

1494, Koponb 0Jib6paxT 3i cnoiM pi.AHMM 6paToM, t.Iecb-

KMM Ta yropcbKMM KopoJieM BJIMMCJianoM, 3YCTpincH B Jlinoqy, w;o6 nopa,AMTMCH npo Te, HK CniJibHHMH CMJiaMM TIOMCTMTMCH rypKaM 3a 3arM6eJib cnoro cTpHH KoponH Bna,AHCJiana. BoHH Yt.IHHMJIM 3 Qboro npHno.n.y Mi)l( co6oro neBH)' yxnaJIY, ane HiKOMY npo Hei He ronopHJIM. Ane rypeQbKHM cyJI... . . . ' TaH, 3Hai01:.JI1 npo BCIO IXHIO pa.u.y, TO,ZI.l, KOJIM CKIH"--MBCH TepMlH nepeMHp Sl,

;.Mo8a npomu

aHony ni,n:npaBHB cnoro neJIMKoro nocJia I I (c. 115) .no KopoJIH 0Jib6paxTa aa,ZVI.H ni.ATBep,n:)KeHHH nepeMHp'H . .Ane Qei1 nocoJI, He oTpHMaBlllM Hi'tloro,

mypl(jiJ

ni,A'ixan Ha3a,LI.. THM q:acoM MOJI,n:aBCbKMM rocno,n:ap CTe<PaH HK nacan npocHB

y KopoJIH 0Jib6paxTa .n.onoMorH npon1 rypKiB. KopoJib )Ke, MaiOt.IM OKa3iiO :JfeiJ.YUIIu • 8ui1 no?jJ

TIOMCTMTMCH noraHQ.HM 3a KpOB CBOrO CTpH.H, 3i6paB npeKpacHe BiHCbKO 3 iJo 9YfolliJa&ii llOJibw;i, JlMTBM, Ma30Bil, Pyci, Dpyccil, CiJie3ii Ta iHlllMX Kpaln i HKHal1:JielljiUJI u 6i lllBM,ZI.llle n11pyunm 3 QMM niiicbKOM .n.o MoJI.n.anil, a.Jre apa3yy.stnHMJIOCH 3HaJHaMeHHJl iJJUl /Jii1c!>l(fl MeHH.H Hew;aCT.SI, KOJIH np11 n'b,ui .ZI.O JloBOBa KiHb ni,n: KOpOJieM ClliTKHYBC.SI 0JI!>6p~ y MaJieHbKiM KaJIJO)KQi i BnaB. TaKQ)K y JloBOBi O.ZI.HH TIOJibCbKHitlUJIHXTH'-1 Ha iM'.H Cpo6chKHM, BTpaTHBlllH po3yM, Ha nee ropJJo KpHqan: «Hallli Ha cnoe Hemacn£ I.AYTh .n.o Mon.n.anil». Mano Toro, 6JmcKaBKa B.AapHJia n Ta6ip i n611Jia 3paua o.n.Horo )KOBHipa Ta .n.naHa,z:J.UHTb I<OHeM. MoJI.n.anchKHM )Ke rocno.n.ap o6iQHB .MolliJa8Kopomo 0Jib6paxry 3a.ZI.OBOJibHHTH nci noTpe6H if np11rorynaTM nposiaHT CI>1\.PZO zocnoiJapn ycboMy :Moro niMCbi<y.. To,n:i KopoJih 0Jib6paxT nonip11n :Moro 6peXJJMBMM o6iQ.RHKaM i .RK TiJibKH np116yn 3i cnoiM sii1cbKOM AO Mon.n.anil, TO nocJiaB .n.o rocno,n:apH, w;o6 TOH BHKOHaB CBOI o6iU:SIHKM i pa30M 3 HHM BHXO)I,HB i3 ni:McbKOM npoTI1 rypKin. MoJI.n.ancbKI111 3pa,ZI.HHK ni,Anosin: «Hexaii )l(e ocTepiraeTbC.H KOpOJib Ty.pKiB t.IM KOrO iHUJOrO, 60 DOCMiB y MOl Ma€THOCTi B'lxaTH 3 TaKMM BeJIHKHM BiHCbKOM 6e3 MOI'O Bi,ZI.OMa». KopOJJb BJI.pyre i BTpeT€ Hara)J.ysan ifoMy npo BHKOHaHHH csoel o6iQ.HHKH, ane rocno,Aap I~HM 11er-

154

KHMfA I KOBa)f(lfB. l..Jepe3 ~e nomum cnpaue.zvnmo po3rHiBa.JIHCH i cso10 36pmo, KOTPY 6yJin Ha rypKiu np11roTysa;m, o6epH)'Jil1 npoTH MOJI~asaH. BoHM OTOY:H- 36po.R, npuwmo8tlJul JIHI\10MaBchK}' CTOJII1~IO- MicTo Cyqany, B3SVIH II 6e3 oco6JIHBHx TP)'AHO~is ua mypl(j8, i cnJIJOH~pynanH. Ane yropchKmi KopoJih Bna,nHCJias Y:epe3 csolx nocJiis 3a- J8cpueHa npomu cnoKois yco611~10 Mi)K KopoJieM, cuoiM 6paTOM, i uoEno~oJO. KopoJih, BJia!(- .MOJioa8ax HaBUIIi ~eH B3aEMHI1H KOHcplliKT, 3axsopis- Y:aCTKOBO Y:epe3 XBHJliOBaHHH, qacTKOBO Y:epe3 ~e Hew.acTH - i nosepHyu 3 yciM sii1:ChKOM ~o DoJih~i. BoHH s 'IXaJIH s cepe~m-ry rycToro Jiicy, KOTp11i1 y:epe3 Te, ~o T}'T pocTe 6yK, 3 ~asHix ~aseH Ha3nBaiOTh EyKOBHHOIO. TaM )Ke ~epesa 6yn11 HanoJIOBHH}' ni~py6aHi MOMaBaHaMn. MoMaBCbKHH rocno~ap, KJI.R:TsonopyrnHHK CTe<J:>aH, 3JiaManmH nepeMnp'H scynepeq npasy Eora i JIIO~ei1, s~ap11s Ha KopoJiiBChKe 9rfoJioa8e~, I(Jlii wcnoiJap BiHCbKO cnepe.zzy i 3 TI1JI}', a n~py6aHi ~epesa 3 ycix 60KiB Ha HHX nOBaJIHB TaK, JpaiJuD ~o o~Hi ~epesa, na,naJOY:H Ha iHmi, na~aJIH Ha KoponiscbKe sii1:ChKO. TaM niH TIOJIJ!IQ8 ycynepe-z; 3aB,lJ.aB Hecno~iBaHOI Ta CM}'THOI nopa3Kl1 llOJl.R:KaM, KOTpi He qeKaJIH Hana- y.Mo8i .zzy, B3HB l.IHMaJIO noJioHeHHX, HKHX 3a6pas .n.o csoEi 3eMJii. Cepe.n. 3ar116JIHX ma !A8a.Jli 6}'1111 TaKi HaH3HaqHimi oco611, .R:K: p)'ChKHi1 BOEBO,ll.a MHKOJiaH, fa6pieJib, !ITO!Uli(JJ poJ6umi rpacp 3 TeHl.IHHa, JIH 36irHEB, CHH MaJib6opKcbKoro cTapocTH, Ta 6araTo nw 'Ey1(9iHlllHX, KOTpi cso10 Kpos BiMa.JIH 3a )f(HTT.R: KopoJI.R:. I I (c. 116) I .n.oci MO)K- 6uHOIO Ha no6al.IHTI1 TaM C1li,ll.Hl.\i€I He~aCJIHBOI nopa3KH, T06TO KOCTi, ~0 6iniiOTh y 1..\hOM}' 11ici. Ix H caM 6aY:MB, KOJIH 6ys np11 6oQi seJibMO)KHoro naHa, cEp~3b Koro B0€80~11 Anb6pexTa JlaCbKOrO, KOTpHH C~)KaB Ha MOJI~aBChKHM npeCTOJI fepaKJI~eca,l(ecnoTa. Jl To.n.i, y 1562 pol.\i, 6ys poTMicTpoM nixonr. Dpo 1.\e iiT.n:MeThC.R: HM)Kl.le, a Tenep H npHCT)'OaiO ~o cnpas11. PoKY 1496, y Mic.R:l.\.SIX ciY:Hi i1 JIJOTOM)', 6y11o TaK TenJio s IloJibJ:ni (a 1.\e ~HBHHa B TaMTelliHiX KpaHX), ~0 p03KBiTJIM .R:6JI)'Hi Ta iHmi OJIO.D;H, llTaxM BHJIH C06i rHiJ~a }' JiiCaX, Ha llOJI.R:X 3eJieHiJIM rapHi KBiTKH. A.n:e llOTiM }' Mic.SII..\i 6epe3Hi 1.\bOrO )K pOK)' B~apMJIH TaKi XOJIO~H Ta MOp03H, JnO B6MJIH BCIO 1.\10 3eJieHh. PoKoM ni3Hime, T06To 1497, 6i.n.R: KpaKosa y ceJii, Ha3saHOM}' qopHa, 'DuiJHi O,ll.Ha )KiHKa HapO,ll.MJia )J;HTHH)' i3 3aHl.IHMI1 WM€10 Ta syxaMH, KOTpa ll03iXa- xapoihtcexH.R f3 fJTOJib'!P Jia si.n.KpMTMM poTOM. Hes.n.os3i nicJI.st 1.\hOro iHma )KiHKa Hapo.n..n:Jia .D.MTMH}' 3i 3MiEIO, a 1.\.Sl 3Mi.SI npOK}'CMJia 1..\10 )l;HTMHK}' a)K )1;0 H)'TpO~iB. PoKY 1499 o.n.Ha Espei1Ka y KpaKosi Hapop;uJia .n;soroJiose TeJIH: o.n;Ha ronosa 6yna 33a.Lzy, .n;pyra cnepe.n;y, a xsicT pic i3 xpe6Ta, 3 npasoro 6oK}' 6yJio ciM Hir, aHa niBOM}'- )KO,lJ.HOi. ,l(osro 1..\e cTpaxoBMChKO Jie)KaJIO nepe.n; KpaKOBOM, ~06 JIIO,ll.H ,ll.OCHTb H~HBMJIHC.Sl Ha HbOrO. PoKY 1501 KopoJih 0Jih6paxT s.n:ixas 3 KpaKosa .n;o Ilpyccii, 3axsopis y Top)'Hi i, Hep;osro cTpa)K.n;aiOl.IH, noKMH)'B 1.\eH csiT, MaiOqH 41 piK csoro )KHTTH. BiH naH)'BaB siciM poKiB i siciM MicHu;is.

OJIEKCAH~P

!llumymb npo 6azamo gua.Meuum~ cnpa61J,bOZO 1\PPOM, Jl1(!tu 6yfJ gaamuuu ao uea6U5!1\Jlit cnpa8. J/.1( iiozo no;uo6ufJ fJoitofJuu~uu Mapc,

155

KHHrA I .91. Bin He 6o.fl8c.Jl ~tPJUJUy, ni :HCoiJnu~ ~8opo6, rrfacmo zpo.Mu6 mamapcol(j opiJu cDow 8iiicvi(9.M, 9IlpoUJ,ufJ ~i gazonu, i(}ytzu ga nu.Mu UIJIJl~oM. 9-fe oUH.ozo nozanzyz. noC!l-afJ oo 9T.n.ytrWHa, J-fe pag nepeo nu.M nocmynMucv i cmpu8o:Heeni .Mocl(98umu. 'Bin gail.MaDCJl ne millv1(1l 8iucv1(98u.Mu cnpaDa.Mu, .91. i1 Janpo8w:Hey8a8 npa8a y cDof~ge.M./lJl~ Dlymno npo ljbozo .Monap~a 1(9:HCen .Mo:Hee 88a:HCamu, 1ljo ge 6y8 cnpathlcniu1(9p0llb, oau iio.My 8hnuu cnol(ju, 'Eo:HCe. I I (c. 117)

PoKy Bi,IJ; Pi3,IJ;Ba rocno,IJ;HbOro

1501

BeJinKHi1 KH.SIJb JIHTOBCbKHi1 OJieKcaH.n.p cis Ha npecToJii nicJJ.SI cnoro 6paTa 0JJb6pax:Ta. DoTiM, pol<}' 1506, niH BHpyunm 3 siiichKOM .n.o MoJI,Aanil i cnycTOUIHB 6araTo JaMKiB MoJI.n.ascbKO.MoJiiJatJana.M ro rocno.n.ap.SI, .SIKi CTO.SIJIH Ha,ll. ,ll.yHa€M. Qhoro :>K poKy niH nolxas .n.o JlnTBH i !JTO!Uli(_U

MCTtUimb

y BiJihHi Jaxsopin. TuM qacoM 20 000 TaTap s.n.epnoc.SI .n.o JlHTBH Ja J.n.o611qqiO, a KopoJib nocJiaB npoTH HHX cnepwy JIHTBHHa CTaHic;~asa KilliK}' 3 pHQapcbKMM nii:icbKOM. CaM :>Ke Hanin:>KMBH~'I nacrymm Ja siilchKOM i, nepem1~umiJa

pOJZpO.MUJia 20 000 ma·

caBlliH pm.~apcTBO, JaJIHillMBOl B Jli.n.i Ha JaMK}'. To.n.i JJHTna Hecno.n.inaHo i 3 CHJlbHHM KpHKOM B)J.apHJia Ha 6eJnet.~HI1X TaTap 6iJI.R MicTet.~Ka K.JieQbKa i BCiX

.n.o o.n.Horo po3rpoMHJia, BJHJia "4HMaJIO 3,n.o611qi TaB' .RJHin. Q10 HOBHHY 6yJio

map

npHHeCeHO ,ll.O KOpOJIH, BB(l)I(aH, KOHai0'-101'0. ToH xoq i He Mir B:>Ke rosopuOJiel(fani)p TH, o.n.HaK ni.n.Hic PYKY nropy i, Ji CJibOJaMH JiTxaJOqn, He3MiPHY no.n..RKY Dt.fH· no.Mupat

HMB

(c. 118) Gory 3a 3BHT.Hry HaJJ. noporoM xpucTM.HHCbKHX .ll.)'lll i nciM,

156

KHHrA I xTo CTOHB KOJIO Hboro, no.uas PYKY i nonpol.l\aBCH3i csiTOM, Mai0'4M 45 poKiB csoro )KJ1TTH. BiH 6yn noxonaHMH y BiJILHi. BiH npaBHB y lloJibCbKOMY KOpoJiiscTsi '40T11p11 poKM i siciM Micm..dn, a y BeJIMKOMY KHH3iBCTBi JhtTOBCbKoMy BiH 6ys '40T11pHa,l\l(SITb poKiB.

CI1fi3MYH,l(

ITEPIIIHH

~flU JpaUnu1(!TJLU1lCb1(UU (6yOy'L.U 1(JlJlm6onopyuu-tU1(fJM) 'Bwoa6 CMo.Mucb1( ~opcmo1(fJ.M.y .M.ocl(fJ6cb1(9.My 1@J1.J10,

'Be(}ymb nepezo6opu, 1(g.My .Ma10mb 6Woamu 1({Jpouui oep~a6u I npocmopi 1\paiuu Y7.umo6cb1(fJW KJI.fl-Ji8cm6a. Jli1(!Jzo moOi, 1\pi.M. CuziJ.MyHJa, 6 paOi, .MyO]Jocmi, 9vly~ocmi i cnpa6eoJLu6ocmi m JH-a6 ceH-am. f})o mow ~ Biu 6y6 .M.UJUJcmu6uil, t;eil 6amb1(9 Bim'L.UJHU, 3 H.aUJ,ai)l(jS flzaii.Jla .MaD c6oi UWuJHU. II (c. 119) J{e paJ 6iH iJa6a6CJl 6;gHa1(u JM.My .Moc1(96umy, :He paJ i ui.Mtyr.M, npycca1(a.M i mamapuH08i. I £1( iHmi H-apoiJu ilow .!lw6u.nu, !llla1( iiow .Moc1(fJ8umu, myp1<1t mamapu. 6oJUlUCJt.

PoKy B~ Pi3,zJ;Ba rocno,zJ;a XpHCTa 1507 BJiaWT}'BaBWH BeJIHKHM KOWTOM npnCTOHHHH noxopoH KopoJIIO OJieKcaH.upy, iioro 6paT CHri3M}'H.lJ., rJiorisc&KHH Ta onasc&KHH KHH3b, reHepaJibHHH ry6epHaTop BeJIUKoro KHH3iBCTBa

157

KHMrA I JlHTOBCbKoro, oTpnMan KopoHHY .nep>Kasy. UeM: KopoJib ni~TPHMaB csoiMH nJie'iMMa Maii:>Ke aero 3aHenaJiy Pil:! TiocnOJIM'f}', a ,Z.J.o6pe snopR,l.I.KYBaB-

Cuzipt!JHa liiM i i i 3aCnOKOIBlliM, BHCT}'llMB 3 siticbKOM npOTH BeJIMKOro KH113.H MOC· Moc~o;(; KOBCbKOro BacHJIH. 3a ~onoMormo nepeKonCbKMX TaTap siH B3SIB ~mMa.no 3aMKiB i nocTaBMB TaM csoi rapHi30HM. 9J[amapu QbOfO )K poKy B~epJIHC.H B pyCbKi Kpai KpHMCbKi TaTapH, npOTH SIKHX po;6umi illBM,LlKO 3i6paBC.H JlbBiBCbKMH KamTeJIRH 3 TI '11TbMa COTH.HMM llOJibCbKHX liiJUJXTM'1iB i 3 Eo>KOIO noMit~l:!IO Hecno~isaHo po36HB i po3rpoMMB noraHcbKMH Hapo~. 3a6pas y TaTap 3~0611'1. !MoJJiJa8axu PoKy 1509 MOJI~ascbKMii rocno~ap, 3pa~HMK, 36poi1Ho B.z:lepc.H y n./11011· Pycb: norpa6ynas Jlbsis, ,Lle 3axon11s l:!HMaJio cKap6is, a 3aMoK PoraTMH

ap!fiOm"

!TloJJbUjY !TloJUUQl nomy:IICHO no.McmUJIUCb .MoJiiJa. 8aHa.M

iioMy ni,Ll~ascSI. A SIK TiJibKM siH noqys, mo noJI.HKH i::f.z:lyTb npoTH Hboro, BTiK ~o Mon,Llanii. IloJI.HKH, >KeHy'1MCb 3a HHM, '1MMaJii IIIKOAH y Mon.nasii B"'HHHJIH BOrHeM i Me'tJeM, TaK ~0 HiXTO He BCTOSIB, a CaM BO€BO,l(a CH.l(iB To,z.d ~ecb y Jiici. To.n:i noJISIKM cnycTomHJIM i1 cnJIIOH~pynanM TaKi MicTa B MoJI,LlaBii: ,ZXporMH, Il.l;enaHOBH~i, '-IepHis~i , EoTymaHH, XoTHH i Cyqasy, KOTpi € fOJIOBHHMH B QHX KpaSIX. IlOTiM, B3SIBllil1 BeJIHKY 3)(0611'1, BOHH TIOMaQaJIH BCIO 3eMJIIO, CTIJIIOHApysaJIH II B3,LlOB>K i BnOnepeK i noBepHyJIMCSI ~o csoix KpaiH 3 seJiw-Ie3HOIO 3)(0611'1'110. KoJIH >K BOHH nepenpaBJIRJIHCSI l:!epe3 ,l(HiCTep, TO MOJI,LlaBaHH, BH6paBllil1 3py'1HMH qac, HanaJIH 3 Jiicy, nparHyl:!H YTPYAHHTH iM nepenpasy. A TO.z:li KopoJiiBCbKi >KOBHipH, KOTpi 3aciJIH B THJiy, 60 CllO,LliBaJIHCb TaM neBHOI ll0Tpe6H, s.n:apHJIH 33a.l(y Ha MOJI.l(aBaH i MY>KHbO 3 HHMH 3iHlliJIHC..H, OTOl:!MJIM IX i BCiX po3rpOMI1Jil1. IToTiM poKy 1512 nepeKoncbKi TaTapH, KopoJiiscbKi ,LlaHHHKH, KOTpHx

,LlO~eHTY

9J£amapu

6i.Jul 'lJUIU· Htlhyl

6yno .n:o 24 000, B~epJIHCH B Pycb i cTa.nM Ha.z:l pi'1KOIO fopHHb 6in..H BHmHeBQSI, Ha Kop.n:oHi Mi>K BoJIMHHIO Ta Ilo.n:iJIJI.HM. poTH HHX BHHlliJIH ,l.I,JIH si.n:ciqi

noJIHKH i1 JIMTBa, 3iTKHYJIMCH MY>KHbO. Y ~eii qac O,Z.J,He KpMJIO nOJibCbKoro siiicbKa npo6unoca .n:o sopo>Koro Ta6opy, ,Z.J,e I I (c. 120) nepe6ysa.nH Hami s'H3Hi; nepepbasm11 Ha HHX nYTa, BOHM 3aoxOTMJIH ix ,Z.J,O 6HTBM. Ui T)'T )Ke 9JTamapu po;6umi

!Mocl(f)6umu 6JJU!U Dto!leHCI>I(

sxonHJIM see, ~o MO>KHa 6yJio B3.HTM B PYKH: KHi, poraTHHH, IIIa6ni, li)'KH, i pa30M 3 iHlliHMH CBOIMH BJJ.apHJIH Ha TaTap, KOTpHX JierKO po36HJII1 i 3)J.06yJIH CJiaBHY nepeMory Ha,Ll nepeBa:>KaiOt.IHMH CHJiaMH TaTap. PoKy 1514 Koponh CHri3MyH~, JlOBiAaBmHCb, Il\O Mi[(HHM Ta yKpinneHMM JaMoK CMOJieHCbK, SJKMH ne>KHTb y JlHTOBChKii1 Aep>Kasi, 3pa.n:o10 3axonHB BeJIHKm1 KH.H3b MOCKOBCbKHH, TIOCJiaB CBO€ BiHCbKO, SIKOrO 6yno no-

no)(JiJ Ha.l( 35 000, ,LlO MOCKOBii, mo6 TIOMCTHTHCSI CBO€My Boporoni 3a QIO 3pa.D.y.

l(ppO!IJl CuziJMyHiJa

y ?.(OCI(SJ8il0 'l(ocmRHmUH, I(!!JlJI>

OcmpoJ~>IQlU,

zemb.MOH

MOCKOBHTiB 6yno 80 000, KOTpi itlllJIM npOTH CBOrO Bopora, T06TO TIOJibCbKOfO Ta JIHTOBCbKoro si:MchKa, nKHM KOMaH.n:ynas reTbMaH KocT.HHTHH, KH.H3b 0cTp03bKHH. To.ll.i niH HaKa3an 36y.ll.yBaTM MicT Ha piQi ,l(Hinpo 3a MicTet.IKOM Opme10, nepenpaBHB qepe3 Hhoro nixoTy, a KiHHHX 3aJIHIIlHB y THJIY 6iJIH caMoro saJiy OpmaHCbKoro 3aMKy. Kon11 B)Ke noJIOBHHa

sii1cbKa nepenpasHnac.H qepe3 ,lXHinpo, AH,npiro 'LJeJI.HAHiHy, .HKOMY MocKOBCbKMH KH.H3b AOPYt.IHB KepiBHHQTBO sciMa ni:McbKODJ1MH cnpasaMH, MOCI(p{}c, I(U U 6yno JJ,aHO HaKa3 B)J.apHTH Ha QIO TIOJIOBUHY Bii1CbKa, II(O B)Ke nepenpa· tem!JMOII fl{eAAiJitill,

158

KHHrA I nnnac.s~. BiH IM ni,l(nORia: «JIKIL\O MH po3i6'eMo U.JO noJJOBMHY aii1cbKa, TO ~o 6y.l(eMo po6MTn .n.ani, 6o iHmi 3i cTpaxy 6y.n.yTh TiKaTH? DolleKai1Mo

,l(OTH, ,ll.OKH BCe BiMChKO nepenpaBHTbC.SI, 60 MI1 Bi.l('llyBaEMO B C06i TaK 6araTO CHJJ, ~no, OTO'liHBmu aoporia, 6y.n.eMo rHaTu lx, .HK xy,l(o6y, a)K .n.o caMUX MOCKOBCbKHX 3aMKiB. HaM TiJJbKH TOrO 3apa3 Tpe6a, tn06 MI-l BCIO JluTOBCbKY KpaiHy cnycTomnJJH» . To.n.i 3 o6ox CTOpiH 3acypMHJJu i a.n.apuJJU B 6apa6aHu. MocKOBHTU HacaMnepe.n. B,l(apunu Ha JJUTOBCbKMM 3ariH, ane 1.\i xopo6po 'liHHMJJH IM onip. BpemTi MY)I(HbO 3iTKHYJJJ1C.SI sci aii1cbKa i )l;OBrO He MOrJJH CXUJJMTH cpopTyHy Ha CBiH 6iK )l;OTI-I, )l;OKI-I JJMTOBChKe pnl.\apcTBO He CTaJJO YMMCHO ai.l(crynaTM .n;o narop6in, ,l(e 6ynw nocTanneHi y 3aCi.l(I..\i rapMaTH. BOHI1 XOTiJJH 3aMaHUTl1 CIO)l.H Heo6epe)KHI1X MOCKOBHTiB, i TaK CTaJIOC.H, 60 Bci )l.OllOMi)I(Hi MOCKOBCbKi 3arOHI1, HapaaBlllHCh Ha rapMaTM, noJJ.HrJJM )l.Oll.(eHry. IHmi )I( KHHYJJMC.H npo3Till, a JJMTBa 3 no-

!T£Om!J31CHO 6umfJa J MOCI(fJfJu· ma)fu

!Mocl(pfJumu JOJHaJIU TTIJI:NCI((Ji

nopOJI(U

JJ.HKaMM, 3Bi,nyciJJb ix .noraH.HIO'lll-1, 6unu i1 py6anu a)K .no caMol Hoqi. Mi)K Opme10 Ta ,[(y6posHOM e piKa KponuaHa, 6iJJ.H KPYTMX Ta BMCOKHX 6eperis .HKOI BTOlli-IJJOC.SI ni,n qac BTe'lli TaK 6araTO MOCKOBHTiB, 1.1.\0 Bi,l( BeJJHKOI KiJJhKOCTi TpyniB BO,l(a 3Yfii1HHJJa CBOIO Te'lliiO. Di,n "'aC Q.iEi nopa3KU noTpa-

?(i.ll&l(jcrru, y6umu;c xtxi((J8umi8

fii1Jll1 y llOJJOH Bci pa.l(Hi naHU, HaHBaJKJIUBimi pOTMiCTpu, .HKMX Bi,niCJJaJJU )l.O KOpOJJ.SI. CaM 'lJeJJ.H)l.HiH- HaHBMI.l.\HH reThMaH MOCKOBCbKOrO BiHCbKa 3 .naoMa HaHBI1~11MU soeso,l(aMH oni1HUBC.H y BiJJbHi s Kaii,naHax. To.ni 6yno B6HTO COpOK ,UBi THC.Hqi MOCKOBUTiB, a noTpanUJJO y fiOJJOH 2000, He spaxosy10qu TMX, KOTpi

(c. 121) BTonunuc.H y KponusHi. 3 JJUTOBCb-

Koro Ta fiOJJbCbKOrO 60Kf 3arHH}'JJO Tp11CTa, i 3 1.\bOrO qacy MOCKOBCbKHM KH.H3b HiKOJJU He CMi€ 61-ITHC.H B fiOJJi 3 fiOJJ.HKaMH. llicJJ.H 1.\iEI nopa3KH BOHI-I ( BeJJUKI-IM KH.H3h i MOrO OTO'lJeHH.H] fiOKHH}'Jll-l CMOJJeHCbK i BTeKJJU ,l(O CTO-

CMolleHC&I( o6Mxeno

JJHQ.i, a JJHTOBCbKe siiicbKO o6JJO)KUJJO CMoJieHCbK. AJie B3.HTH iioro 6yno BaJKKO, 60 MOCKOBCbKHH KH.H3b fiOCTaBUB TaM CBiH rapHiJOH. To,ni, CllJIIOH,npysaBIIIH cena, sonocTi i1 MicTe'lJKa 6in.H CMoneHCbKa, soHu nosepHynHcsr 3 BeJIUKOIO 3)].061-l'lJ'lJIO ,l(O JIUTBH. Poey 1515 MiC.Hl.\.H JJJOToro noJJbCbKUH KopoJib Curi3M}'H,l( i qecbKHH Ta yropcbKHH Koponb Bna,nHCJJas, pi.l(Hi 6paTu, MaJJH y Bi,nHi CJJaBHHH 3'i3,n Ta po3Mosy npo 3Hum;eHH.H nOraHCbKHX .nep)I(3.B 3 iMnepaTopoM MaKcuMiJiiaHoM. Poey 1518 EoHa, ,no"'Ka MiJiaHcbKOro KHSI3.H .HHa, 6yna npHBe3eHa .no KpaKosa KoponiO CHri3M)'H.ny. Iii Ha3ycTpiq BHixanu ,nocHTb na,u.Ho 11 num-

3'iJiJ noJl&ebl(fJZ.O ma yzopc&· 1(9Z.O 1(9[10IIi8

J i.Mnepa· mopoM

'Eony, iXYu(g

HO EfiHCKOlll-1, npeJiaTH, pa,nHi naHH i KOpOHHe puu.apCTBO. lloTiM, qepe3

)Ci./ram&l(plO

.n.sa poKH, T06To y 1520 pou.i, soHa Hapo.n.Hna y KpaKosi CHHa CHri3MYH.na ABrycTa, a Koponsr Curi3MYH,na TaM To,ni He 6yno.

JaUp!J:NCUHY l(fJpOIIIO

Poey Eo)Koro 1525 6paH,neH6yp3bKHH MapKrpacp Anb6pexT, MaricTp y

IQIJl}JZ,

6WiJww

CutiptynJy !llpycct.I(Jlil

Dpyccii, 3 TesTOHCbKoro op.neH}' xpecToHocu.is, nicJI.H BeJIHKHx Ta TpHaaJIMX BiHH 3 fiOJI.HKaMH, 6aqaqu, ~0 ,n;apeMHO KU,l(aTHC.H 3 MOTHKOIO Ha COH-

ltUJZicmp,

Qe, ri,nHo .nan y KpaKoBi npHc.Hry noJibCbKOMY KoponiO Curi3M}'H.l(Y, CKUH}'B 'lepHe'lUH O)l..Hr i CTaB CBiTCbKI-IM npyccbKHM KH.H3eM. lloTiM, poKy EmKoro 1526, no cMepTi s MOJIO,l(HX niTax Ma30BeQ.b-

I\PpOM6i Ha 6iZHt

KUX KHSI3iB CTaHicnasa Ta .HHa, ixHe KH.H3iBCTBO 6yno npuny'leHo .no KopoHH.

159

zytCmDKOClyt.,

npuc.RUJe niiJikmcmDo !MaJofJU

npUJJyteiUJ

&J ?\ppOHU

KHlirA I CutiJMJjHiJ Ja.IJzycm 1(9pOH06ttHUU

Pol<}' Bo>Koro

1530 CHri3M}'H.ll ,ll,pynt:H ABrycT 3a >KHTTH 6aThKa, MaiOtiH

Ti.nbKH .nea'HTb poKiB, 6ya KopoHoBaHHH Ha IlOJibCbKe KopoJiiBCTBO. PoKY DO>KOfO

1530 MOJI,ll,aBCbKMM rocno.nap lleTp11110 36pOMHO s.nepcs .no noKyr-

9t{o;Wa6- TH, cnaJIHB CHHTMH i KoJibHO 3 npH11erJIHMH BOJIOCTHMH. KopOJib, no6atiHB-

"•J\PU z.ocnoiJap WH ~e, 3p06HB nepenHC llleCTH THCHtiaM KBap~.HHHX >KOBHipia i llOCJiaB IX

nJIIOHq,ys !JTOJII>Uj!J !JTomy:NCHa

6um8a

npoTM MOJI.u,aaaH, a reTbMaHOM Ha.z( HHMH nocTaBHB JIHa, rpacpa 3 TapHoaa. To.ni noJIHKM CTaJIM Ta6opoM 6iJI.H 06epTuHa, Ha yKpinJieHoMy MiCI.\i.

A MOJI,ll,aBCbKHM BO€BO.u,a neTpH110 3 n '.SlT,ll,eCHTbMa THCH'laMH TypKiB, yrop~iB i MOJI,ll,aBaH CTaB Ha BHU\ii% ropi i 3Bi,li,TH 3 KiJibKOX rapMaT B,ll,a-

pHB no noJI.HKax, aJie HicKiJihKH iM He 3alllKO,li,HB. IloTiM noqaJiac.H nepecTpinKa 3 rapMaT 3 o6ox 60KiB, O)J.HaK flOJI.HKH 6iJibWe npurpiBaJIH Ol.{HM csoiM aoporaM i 3 nepmoro pa3y \U-fMaJIO IX no6HJIH. IloTiM i3 cHJibHHM KpHKOM BOHH KHHYJIHCb )1.0 6010 3 Me'laMH, CllHCaMH, piJHOIO BOrHellaJibHOIO 36poeiO i MY>KHbO Ta .nosro 6HJIHCH: noJI.HKH nepeaul.l"(yBaJIH MOJI.n.asaH MY)KHicTJo, a Ti IX KiJibKicTIO. IloTiM llOJIHKH, nparHYt·IM lliBH,ll.llle flOKiH'lHTH 3 BOporOM, s.n.apHJIH Ha Mon.nasaH 3 rapMaT, 3 <j>JiaHrosHx MYliiKeTis I

I (c.l22),

po36HJIH IXH€ ai:HcbKO, po3ipsaJIH :H po3rpoMHJIH TaK, I.l"(O Ha noJii 6HTBH JaJIHWHJIOCb tiHMaJIO aoporis. IHwi )1(, 3MimaBWHCb, nosTiKaJIH, Ha"tJe BOBKH, ,li,O Jiicy. IlOJIHKH >K IX 6HJIH, ciKJIH, BaJIHJIH HK CHOflH, 3aCHllaJII1 HMMH llOJI.H. To.n.i BOHH 3a6paJIH 3IXHiX Ta6opiB \!11MaJIO piJHOfO MaHHa Ta CKap6is, BH,

•

3BOJIHJIH THC.H'lf B .H3HIB, n .HT,ll.eCHT HaHBa>KJIHBllliHX rapMaT 1 CTlJibKH )I( npanopia, niCJIH tiOfO flOJI.HKH noaepHYJIHCH ,li.O KOpOJI.H 3 BeJIHKHM TpiyMcpOM. !llTpu coHwz IJ 'Mopa$ii 'Mocl(fJ6umu MKJHUp!f'Om"

7lum6y !JToJUZI(u ii()ymr, Ha

PoKy Eo>Koro

1532 y Mopasil Ha.n. 0JIOMOyLteM 6yJio BH,li,HO TPH coHQ.H.

PoKy 1535 Os'lHHa, oniKyH i HaMBHW.HM KepiBHMK MocKOBCbKoro KHSI3iBcTaa, s.n.epcSI 3 seJIHKMM aii1cbKOM .no JlHTBH

i cnycTOlliHB II KpaiHH

sorHeM Ta MetieM, a He .n.oxo.n..H"tJH n '.HTHa)J.~HTb MMJib .no BiJihHa, nosepH}'B-

CH Ha3a,z(. floqyswH npo ~e, llOJlhChKHM KOpOJib Ha6pas 3a rpomi BiMCbKO i 'Mocl(p8i10 nocJias .no MocKosii 3 BOJIOHTepaMM, nocTaBMBWH Ha.n. HHMH JIHa 3 TapHo-

sa. 3 HHMH JH1TBa 3 '€)J.HaJia CBOI CHJIH, i, HanaBWM Ha BOpO)I(i KOp)J,OHM, BOHH B3.HJIH3aMOK foMeJib i flOCTaBHJIH TaM CBiM rapHiJOH. 3Bi)J.TI1 niWJIH npOCTO .no 3aMKY CTapo.n.y6, I.l"(O 6ys He ripme yKpinJieHHM, y KOTpoMy nepe6ysan11 :Hawi 6jJUIU OstiHHa, 111yi1chKMM, KoJIH"·iOB Ta iHmi MOCKOBCbKi CTapmi. B.n.apHJIH no Cmapoi>y6 3aMKY 3 rapMaT i 3aXOllHJII1 MOrO, XO'l MOCKOBHTM B 3aMKY )J.OBfO 060p0H.H-

1111C.H. Cnpasa s TOMy, w.o 3aMOK xoq i 6ys 36y.n.osaHm13 )J,epesa, Mi)K cTiHaMH Ta 'laCTOKOJIOM 6yJia HanmaHa 3eMJI.H, HaKJia,ll.eHO KaMiHH.H. TillbKH KOJIH ni,li.KJiaJIH nopoxy ni}J.. napKaHH i O.li.HY CTOpOHY 3aMK}' CflaJIHJIH, a)!( TO)J.i s.n.epJIHC.H scepe.n.t·:m y, B3.HJIH 'lHMaJIO cKap6is. Ey11H cxonJieHi TaM Os"tJHHa, KepisHHK scix MOCKOBCbKHX nposiHu,ii1, 111yi1coKMi1 i Kom·l'lOB Ta iHmi Hai1rOJIOBHiwi MOCKOBCbKi BO€BO)J,H. fl poCTOJIIO)J,y

)I(

6yJIO liJiCT,UeC.HT THCSI'l,

To6To 6iJihme, Hi)!( HamHx. fpacp 3 TapHosa, Hai1BHll~Mi1 reTbMaH KopoHHOro BiHCbKa, HaKa3aB ycix nos'.H3aTH, CTapHX Ta Hi Ha W.O He fO)J.Sill.J.MX CTpaTMT.H, a 3aJIMWHB TiJihKH )l(iHOK, ,ll.iTei1: Ta JIIO,ll.eM, 3,ll.aTHHX ,li.O 6IfTBH. PoKy focnO)J.Hboro

1540 KopOJib

CHriJMyH.n., 6araTo iHWHX 3HaMemt-

TMX cnpas 3a caoro )KMTT.H 31J.ii1CHI1BliJH, 36epirw11 3 noxmuiOIO ncix y M11pi noJILCl>Ke Kopo;IiBCTBO Ta BeJJMKe KH.H3iBCTDO JhiTOBCLKe, A06pe snop.H)J,•

160

KHIIrA I K)'BaBWM pjq nocnOJU1T)', 3aKiH'U1B CBO€ )f(I1TT.SI B caMMH BeJIMK,neHb, Mai0\JJ1 aiciM.n.ecsn O.D.HH piK. BiH 6ya noxosaHHi126 JIHnH.SI Ha 3aMKY n KpaKoBi, y aeJIHKOMY KOCTbOJil. noJI.SIK Mapu.iH bEJibCbKHH, KOTpm1 HaOHCaB pi.D.HOIO MOBOIO xpoHiKy ?.ft.III>WinUH· CI>I(UU non&w.i, 3ra.n.yE, lUO Ha 00\JaTKY naHyBaHH.SI IJ.bOrO CI1ri3M)'H,ll.a nepworo 6uiku u.6e 6ys 1IKI1HCb KopOHHI1H WJI1IXTM\J .HKy6 MeJI&WTHHCbKHH, aoiic&KMH MicTa JaXpucma E)f(e3iHH. Uei:i Men&WTI1HCbKHH3 nerKosa)KHOcTi I

(c. 123) a6o wsH.n.we

3 po3naqy npHm1CaB i npHBJiaCHHB co6i iM'.SI Ta 3BepxHicTb rocno.n.a XpHcOco6JZu8a Ta i caM Ha3naac.SI XpHcTOM. BiH )f(e o6pae no \JHCJIY anocTonin KpaKiBCbKO- 6epecHicm~.> ro MilUaHHHa 0eTpa 3aTOpCbKOrO Ta iHWHX, co6i no.n.i6HHX, ,li.BaHa,zJ;IJ..SITbOX JioTpia i aciM IM Ha.n.ae anocTOJibC&Ki iMeHa. Ui, XO.LJ..SI\JI1 cKpi3b no ceJiax, qHHHJIH .SIKiCb ,l(HBa, qap11 Ta BOpO)f(6y Ha KWTaJIT \JOpHOKHH)f(HHKiB, po6HJII1 ..SIKHHCb 06MaH Ha KWTaJIT BOCKpeciHH$1 MepTDHX, 3anycKaJII1 p116 ,li.O 6oJioT.SIHHX KaJIIO)f(, .n.e IX nepe.n. THM He 6aqHJIM i

.n.e u.i p11611 He MorJIH )KHTH,

a TO.Ai iMeHeM Xp11cTa JIOBHJIM U.HX p116 ceoiMH pyKaMH, BI1T..SiryaaJIH 3 neqi XJii6, KOTpOrO T)'.AH HiXTO He CTaBHB, i IJ.HM ,l(MB)'BaJIH 6araTbOX JIIO,AeH. O.n.Horo pa3y BOHH iiw.n11 ,AO qeHCTOXOBM, .n.o KJI.SIWTopy, cnaBHoro o6pa3oM HaikB11Tiwoi ,l(is11 Mapil. Ty.n.11 i1: npH:Hwoa 3ra.n.aHHH «XpHCTOC» 3i caoiMH anOCTOJiaMH, a TaM IX me He 3HaJIH. npo)f(HBWH TaM KiJibKa ,l(HiB, BiH }"111HHB O,li.HOfO 3i CBOIX Hi6H O,Aep)f(HMHM Bi.D. ,li.H..SIBOJia, i HOfO CTapaHH..SIMH BOHI1 Bci 3,A06)'BaJIH co6i xapqi, 60 He MaJII1 CBO€I K)'XHi, a TOM Hi6H WaJieHHH 6iraB no fOCOO,ll.aX Ta pHHKax, xanaB M'.SICO 3 rOplUHKiB Ta MHCOK i KH.n.as ceo!M Toaap11maM, a Ti , xana10q11, TiKaJII1 Ta inH. To.n.i ry.AH np116yJia aeJIHKa KiJibKiCTb JIIO.n;e:H Ha si.n.nycT .n.o o6pa3a HaiicB..SITiwoi ,[(isH, KOTpH:H CJiaBHTbC.SI B TOM)' Kpai CBOIMH qy.n.ecaMH, ..SIK iHWHH B JlopeTTO (Lorecie). iloTiM U.i 6peXJIHBi CHKO<PaHTH npHBeJIM IJ.bOfO o.n.ep)KI1M0f0 ,lJ;O BiBTap..SI HaHCB.SITiWOI ,[(iBM, .n;e 6ya u;e:H qy.n;oTBOpHHH o6pa3. Qei1 WaJieHHH MaB Ha co6i ,lJ;BOicTHH O,lJ;..Slf i3 C)'KHa, cneQiaJibHO 3p06JieHHH TaK, W.06 )' po3nop Mi)K TKaHHHaMH Mir nOKJiaCTH Te, lUO XOTiB; T)'.lJ:H )f( HOM)', ilOMi)f( sepxHiM O,lJ;..SIfOM Ta copoqKOIO, HaKJiaJIM KaMiHqMKiB 6iJI..SI Tina. KoJIH )K lioro npHaeJIH

.n.o aiaTap11, niH BHpaanc..SI 3 ixHix pyK ..SIK waJieHMH, np11nae AO aisTap..SI, Ha KOTpOM)' 6yJio noaHo no)KepTayaaHMX rpoweii, i eTas xanaTM rpomi i KJiac™ IX co6i )' po3nop. qepHeQb-CB..SIW.eHMK, 1IKHH TO,Ai BiAnpaBJI..SIB CB..SIT)' Mecy, 3i crpaxy BTiK, aJie iHwi qeHu.i, onaM'..SITaBWHCb, cxonHJIH 3Jio.n;i11, o6ipsaJIM Ha HbOM)' nac, .n.yMaroqM, w.o niH noKJiae rpowi 3a na3yxy, aJie 3Bi.LJ.TH TiJibKH KaMiHqHKH ilOCHilaJIMCb. fpowi )K )' po3nopi 3a ni.n;KJia,lJ;KOIO OA..Siry 3aJIHWMJIHC..SI. Bpa)f(eHi qeHu.i, AyMaroqH, w.o rpowi nepeTaopMJIHC..SI Ha KaMiHHR qepe3.LJ.H..SIBOJibChK}' cnpasy, craJIH3aKJIHHaTH KaMiHHSI H: quTaTH Ha.n; HHM MOJIHTBH, cniBaTH nCaJIMH, 11(06 BOHO 3HOB)' nepeTBOpHJIOCSI Ha rpomi.

A.rre u.e 30BciM He .n.onoMorno U.HM KaMiHqMJ<aM. To.Ai po3rHiBaHHi1 MOHax CBOi KHMfH, I.l.(O 3B)'TbC..SI areHAH, no ..SIKMX qJ1TaB MOJIHTBH, I<HH)'B Ha 3eMJIIO, I<a)K)"'H: «MH I.l.(e He 6aqMJIH TaKoro .AHHBoJia, :H.n.iT& TY.D.H 3 HHM

.n.o scix

Ui npoi1.n.HcBiTH, sqHHHBWH TaKe JIOTposcTBO, niwJIH 3 U.HMH rpowuMa npocTo .n.o CiJie3ii, I I (c.l24) .n.ypJiqJ1 npocTHX Jiro.n.eH: csoiM MaXJIIOBaHHRM. BoHH npHHUIJIH B o,u.He ceJio .n.o RI<Oic& lliJIHXTRHKH i CKa3aJIH iii: qopTiB».

161

iJJZO'tUHHi

fPOI(JJCU

KHHrA I «)l(iHKo! JI.o Te6e 3ai1woa XpucToc 3i csoiMM anocToJiaMu. O<!Jipyil ce6e iloMy i TBOR .nyma 6y.n.e spslToBaHa>>, BoHa ai,nnoaina, w:o t~onosiKa HeMae B.l:{OMa, a 6e3 MOrO BOJii He MO)Ke QbOrO BtiHHHTH, HaBiTb SIK6H H XOTiJia. BOHH Clli·ITaJIM: «TM Ma€W SIKeCb nOJIOTHO a6o JlbOH ,lJ.JISI nOCBSit~eHHSI?» )l(iHKa no.nana iM mTyKy noJioTHa. BoHM cKa3anM: «Ue MM aiabMeMo 3 co· 6010, a XpucToc Te6e 6narocJIOBMB, ~o6 TM mnH,nKo npgna. IToKa)KH iHme noJioTHO, SIKW:o Maem, a MH i1oro nocBSITMMO». BoHa noKa3a.na i1oro iM i xoTiJia 3a6paTM. BoHH, nocTepirmu Qe, noaepHyJIH ii1 noJJOTHO, a.ne HenoMiTHo 3acyHynu acepe,nuHy nonoTHa TJiiiO'liY )KapuHy. )KiHKa, Hit~oro He

ni,lJ.03p1010tiM, llOKJJaJia Qe llOJIOTHO ,no CKpHHbKH, a Bl.ll. HbOrO CKpHHbKa 3aropiJJaCSI, a ai.n Hei 3ai1HSIBCSI i 3ropia necb 6y,nMHOK. YoJioniK, npuixaamM, no6at~MB cnaneHMH ,niM i 3anMTaB npo npH'liHH)' n o)Ke)f(i. ,llpy)f(HHa ai,nnoaina, w:o noraHo qacrysana y ce6e B ,noMi XpHcTa 3 anOCTOJiaMH, qepe3 Qe aiH noMCTHBCSI Ha ixHbOMY ,noMi. Po3rHiBaHI,n1 t~OJIOBiK cKa3aB: «0 Eo)f(e! Ue 6ya SIKMHCb npoi1,nMcsiT, a He XpucToc!»- i TYT )f(e KMH)'BCH 3 iHillMMH cni,noM 3a 3JJO'lJMHQHMH i Ha3,norHaB ix B o,nHOMY ceJii. Uei1 JI)f(expHcToc, no6a"'MBlliM, mo Ma€ ,nicTaTM KH€M, CKa3aB «IleTpy»: «IleTpe, B)Ke Ha.z:tXO.l:{MTh CAo8a qama MOSI, HKY MaiO BHnMTH». HoMy «ITeTpo» si,nnosis: «focno,nH! Eaqy, w:o

C8. !!Tucb.Ma

J6epHeHi Ha iJ8ipcr.'(Jl~

i H He BTe'lly». «XpncToc» cKa3as: «IleTpe, H He YHHKHY MyK, TOMY MYIDY BiKHOM 3Bi,ncH TiKaTH». A «IleTpo» MOMY si,n.nosis: «I Sl, naHe, ,noKH )KHBy,

.9lxezyuc •

He nOKHHY Te6e , i , ,ne TM 6y.n:em, g 3a To6oro cKpi3b ni,ny» . TaK «XpMCTOc» 3 «ITeTpOM» BTeKJJH qepe3 BiKHO, a iHmi TiKa.nn xTo KY.z:tH. ix Ha3,norHanH ceJISIHH i KH.SIMM 3aMicTb Kponnna 6nnH, BHKyprorol.IH i3 cena, i npHMOBJJH-

maJ anocmoJia.Mu

;m: «IlpopoKH! ITpopiKHiTb HaM: y HKOMY Jiici Qi KHi BHpocJin?» A Ti, Hil.J:oro He ai,nnosi.n.aiO'lJM, HKHaH:msH.n:me TiKaJIH 3 Qboro ceJia i nicJIH QiEi nono6UAu KYTM snnpaBMJII1 csiii cnoci6 )f(J1TTSI. BoHH nosToprosaJIH TaKi CJiosa: l(wtMU «Ba)f(KO HaM MYKY focno.n:Hro Ta anocTOJibCbKi annpo6ynaHHH nepeHeCTM caoiM TiJioM, BOJiieMo XO.ll.MTH y csoiH: mKipi i npocTo )f(HTM Ha csiTi 6ea ¢o~<ycis Ta BHra.noK ¢irJIRpCbKHX. TH)f(KO MH JannaTMJIH 3a nepme map· JiaTaHCTBO, a J..{e ~06 MM B.ll.pyre He HaBa)f(MJIMCH npopoKyBaTH>>; i TaK BOHM )f(MJIM B CnOKOi. ce/UIHU

Cl1fi3MYH,ll;

ABfYCT

CuzigJvtyHo .91.8zycm, CWlbHUU1(9pO.Ilb, Bgfl8 nw c8ii1 gazycm :TiogocmMi nic.llJl 6amv1@ ?(H.Jlgi8cm8o i 1\ppoHy. 1jeu JAy~u{} CWlvHy f'lum(}y J 9To!lvUJe10 8i~Hu.M. g8 RJI(pM, 1ljo6 8oHU JICWLU Jl1(6pamu y giu cninvHiu oep:J~Ca8i; II {c.. 125) !llpu.MHOJICWLU 8 ycz,o.Jvty cBow Ph !llocnoAumy, C1(ap6a!vtu, .MyJICHicmw i 8ci.Jzsr.1(u.M npo8iaHmolvt 6azamy. 0, Jl1( ~yoofJo 6pamaJvt 6ymu y JZOOi, 'BOJiU y c8oi~ oep:J~Ca8a~ HiJ(p.llU He oai)ymv .M.iClJ,Sl tul(pOi. 5ii Jl1(.UJ,O zyUJ ~O'Le oo8iaarnUCJl. npo imui UOZO cnpa8u,

162

KHMrA I ']J[o y npaz.yr.~ icmopwQ.fJ MZI(fJ npo ye npo'l:umamu. 'ljeu 1(9pO.!l.b oafJCJt 8JH.a1(U ni.Mz,yz.M, MOCI(9fJuma.M. i nozanu.M, Jl c6oew c.Mepm10 £Jin npunic 8e.n.u1(uu c.M.ymo1( fJci.M cmana.M..

PoKy rocnO)l;HLOro

1548

IloxoBaBWH ~OCHTb npHCTOHHO H ypol.IHCTO CHri3M)'H~a nepworo, caoro 6aTbKa, BeJIHKHH KHH3b JIHTOBCb· KHH CHriJM)'H~ AarycT, :Horo CHH, acrynHB Ha nOJibCbKHH npecToJI i naHYaaa 3 BeJIHKOIO CHJIOJO, 00~010 Ta M}'~picTJO. me 3a,z:(OBrO nepe~ nHM, T06TO poey 1543, BiH I I (c. 126) nOWJIJ06HB E.nb>K6ery, ~Ol.IKY <f>ep~HHaH~a, pHMCbKOro (iMnepaTopa), yropCbKOrO Ta ~p1U4 qecbKoro KopoJIR , RK}' ypOl.IHCTO npHBe3JIH ~o KpaKoaa. AJie aoHa, 6y.zcyqH Op!JXUH4 Cuzipc!J1Wa ~lkgcma MOJIO~OIO, noMepJia y 1545 po~i, He 3aJIHWHBWH Ha~~KiB. IloTiM BiH o.n;py>KHBCR 3 JIHTOBKOIO Bap6apo10 3 AOM)' KHH3iB Pa,z:r.3H- 'Dpyza aiJmia, Me H nH, He~OBrO nO>KHBWH 3 KOpoJieM, nOMepJia, He 3aJIHWHBWH Opy~H4 ?(pc:17U>0Jl Ha~a,nKiB. Ii TiJio KopoJib npHBi3 i3 KpaKoaa a>K ~o BiJibHa, roJIOBHOro MicTa c8. 'Dap6apu BeJIHKoro KHR3iBCTBa JIHTOBCbKoro, :H ypo1.1HCTo noxoaaa y KOCTboJii ca. Ora- !J 'Billi>Ki HiCJiasa Ha BiJieHCbKOM)' 3aMKY, 3aCHyBaB BeJIH"'e3HHM KOWTOM KOCTbOJI ca. Eap6apH ni.n; BHCOKHM BiJieHCbKHM 3aMKOM. IJiCJIR ni€i CMepTi KOpOJib nosepHfBC.JI ~0 Bi~HOBJieHH.JI ~aBHbOi npH· R3Hi Ta cnopi~HeHOCTi 3 <f>ep.n;HHaH~OM i nowJIJ06HB i%oro ~pyry ~Ol.IK}' KaTepHHf, cecTpy E.nb>K6eTH, y~osy no MaHryaHCbKOM}' KH.J1310 <f>paH~HCKf. BeciJibHHH 6eHKeT ai~6ysc.s~ y KpaKoai 31 JIHnHR poKY Bo)Koro 1553. AJie KOpOJib, no6al.IHBWH, ~0 BOHa HenJii~Ha, norop~HB HeiO i 3 ITOWaHOIO B~iCJiaB ii ~o HiMe'll.IHHH, .n;o MaKCHMiJiiaHa, 6paTa iMnepaTopa.

163

KHHrA I 'l(ppOJtb ~8?ycm

PoKY Eo)Koro

1557 BH6yx:HyJia cnpaae,lJ)IHBa aii1Ha npoT.H BiJibreJibMa

poJnO'lUHCU <l>ropcTeH6epra, iHcpJISIH,l(CbKOro MaricTpa. KopoJib ABrycT, ai6paanm npo6iuHy T.H Hboro CTO TMCSI'l nimoro i% KiHHoro aii1cbKa 3 TIOJib~i, Pyci Ta Jhna.w, npomu iH/JIUZHQ-

caM noaia Ha IH<l>JIHH~ilo. A.Jie npyccbKHH MaricTp, 6aqaq11, ll.lO Ba,)KKO ruma-

Cbl(Jl.t

zyecmo- TH npoTH Te'lii, nonpoCHB 3 BCJIMKOIO DOKipHiCTIO nepeMHp'a Ta MHpy, Hocgi8 BiMaiO'tJM caM oro ce6e i BCIO hnf>JISIH~CbKY ~ep>Kaay ni~ KopoJiiBCbKY oniKY; ,neTaJibHime npo Qe M:,neTbCSI B onnci IH<f>miH~ii. 'Bit:1Ha

MOCI(J)8CI>JQLM

I(JIJlJeM

J1oTiM pOK)'

1558

BCJIMKHM I<HH3b MOCKOBCbKHM ni~ npMBO)l.OM nopy-

lliCHHH SIKOfOCb ,ni,l(Ml.JHOrO npaaa i Ha.JIC)J(HOI ~aHHHH npHCTfllHB ni)l. .l{epnT 3 BCJII1KMM BiJ:iCbKOM, B3HB MiCTO Ta €TIMCKOTICbKHM JaMOK, llOTiM OBOJIO~iB i 6araTbMa iHlliHM.H MiCTaMM.

Y 38 'SI3KY 3

~HM llOJibCbKHM KOpOJib Ta BCJIH-

KHH KHSI3h JIHTOBCbKHH CMri3MYH~ ABrycT, oxopoHRJOtiH caolx ni~~aHMx, 3MH11yBaBllii1Cb Ha~ HHMH, B3HB ni~ CBOIO oniKy iHcpJIHH~CbKHX BaCaJiiB Ta c11piT, po3noqas nOTY)KHY aii1Hy 3 aeJIHKMM KHHJeM MOCKOBCbKMM. Ua aii%Ha ,noaro TPHBa.Jia 3 nepeMiHHMM ycnixoM HK y IH<l>JIRH~il, TaK i B Pyci. TioTiM, nic11a yKJI~eHHSI B3a€MHoro nepeMMp'a, Q5I sii1:Ha CTMXJia. PoKy 9rfoci(JJ8cr.1Ql i1

1\!utJb 6J1l6

!JT01101jb1{_

1562, ~HH 23

JIIOTOro, BCJIHKMM KHSI3b MOCKOBCbKMM !BaH, CHH

BacMJI.H, MarotiH TpMcTa TMCSI'-I 36poi1Horo nimoro sii1cbKa, ni.n.cTYnMB ni,n IToJIOQbK i noTiM 3 aeJIMKOIO noryroro B3SIB :Horo, aaxonHB y QbOMY aaMKY qHMaJii CKap6H, TaKO)J(

50 000

noJioHeHHX

BHBiJ ix ~o MocKBH. BiH )J(e

HaKa3aB TIOTOTIHTH y C11aBHiM piqQj .l{BiHi BCiX €BpCIB, KOTpi He XOTiJIH BH-

xpecTHTHCH; TIJibKM no11HKIB, KOTPI CJiy:>KH1111 3a )J(OBHipcbKI rponn, HaKa3aB BiJibHO nycTHTH. TioTiM poKY 1564 seJIHKMM KHH3b MOCKOBCbKHM,

(c. 127) aaTpHMaBmM

y MocKBi JIHTOBCbKHX noCJiiB ~oame Hi)J( Tpe6a, noCJiaa lx HKHai1lllBH)l.llie .no JlHTBH i caM Ja HHMH noCJiaB

.n.o JlHTBM ai:HcbKO. BoHo 6y11o poJ.n.illeHe Ha ~Bi

qacTHHM: o.n.Ha HlliJia ai~ CMoJieHCbKa, i Ha II qo11i CTOHB Cepe6pHHHH, a ~py ra- si.u. TioJIO~bKa, l..JalllHH~bKHX

i HeiO reThMaHYBaB lliyi1chKHI1, KoTpHi1 cTaB Ta6opoM Ha no11Hx Ha,n piKOIO Y11010. THM qacoM BiJieHCbKMM noEso.u.a i

seJIHKHM reTbMaH BeJIHKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKoro MMKOJiai1 Pa.U.3HBiJIJI i nOJibHHM reTbMaH IOpii1 Xo.n.KeBH'-I, JJ.OBi~aBWHCb ai.u. mnHryHiB npo CHJIH IllyMCbKOfO, HKOMOra WBH)l.WC B~apHJIIf CBOIM Ma.JIHM BiMCbKOM Ha MOCKOBHTiB, HI<i 6yJI11 Heo6epe)I(HJ1MI1 cnpas11. Hami

)1(,

HC MOrJIH llJBM)l.KO npMMTH ,IJ.O

He .u.a10q11 IM nepenot.mTn, 6e3HacTaHHO 6111111, ciKJIH,

K0110JII1 BciX, KOrO TiJibKH MOfJIH )l.OC.HrTH. MOCKOBHTH, 6aqaqn, ll{O B)I(C Ba)J(KO 1J,0611TI1Cb ycnixy, KI1H)'JII101. TiKaTH KiHbMM B rop11, TIOJI.H

i JiiCH,

KY.ZJ.M TiJibKH MO)J(Ha 6y110; TaM qacTHHa 3 HHX ni.n. qac BTet~i 6yna a611Ta CCJI51HaMH 3 ciJI, a ,n:pyra qaCTHHa BTOllHJiaCSI B pit~U.i. 'lJfyiic~>l((lzo

86umo

Y TOM

'laC TaM 3arH-

HYJIO TPHJl:U.HTb THCH1.J MOCI<OBI1Tin. TaM )KC npocTHH ceJIHHHH a611n coKHpoiO TieTpa lliyHCbKOrO, HaMBHI.U.OfO I'CTbMaHa i Ha1.Ja11bHHKa MOCKOBCbKOrO BiHCbKa, KOJIH TOM Tii<aB, 6y.LJ.)''-IH nopaHCHHM )' 6HTBi. ,l{y)l(e )l(aJIK)'BaJIO JII1TOBCbKC pHQapCTBO, ll~O lliyiki>KHH He 6}'B CXOTIJICHI1M )I(HBI~CM, B3H1IO 3 co6o10

Cepr6ps1Hui1

.u.o BinhHa iloro Ti11o i

3 nowaHOIO noxosanu y TiM

pycbKii-f I~CpKBi , )J.C XOBaiOTb TiJia IXHiX KHR3iB. IHme

)I{

niitcbKO, KOTpe

ymil(_ iimno Ji cnoiM reTbMaHoM Cepe6pSIHI!IM Bill. CMoneHChKa .n.o Opwi, noqy-

164

KHMrA I 110 npo TSDKKY i1 Heu~aclll-my nopa3KY csolx i CTPI1BQ)JUI1IOOI. BoHH KHHy1111 B Ta6opi BCi BO€HHi 3Hap$1.AJV1, T06TO rapMaTH ~I iHWY Hawsa.>K11HBiwy norHenaJibHY 36pmo, ra.nonoM noM"t.JaJIH Ha3a,n .no MocKosil, np.s~rynasiiiH CBO€ .>KHTT$1 tti€10 raHe6HOIO BTe"t.JeiO. l.J,boro .>K poKy s ,neHb ca. Manro.>KaTH ne11bMO.>KHHw CTaHic11as ITa~. CTOJibHHK KOp011$1 woro MOCTi Be11HKOf0 KH$13iBCTBa JIHTOBCbKOrO, KOTpHH 6ys To,ni siTe6cbKIIM no€so.no10, 3i6pas siikbKO 3 BiTe6CbKOro noEso.ncTsa, JIKe TaM Ti11bKH MO.>KHa 6y110 3i6paTH, npH€,AHaB ,AO HbOrO CBiH .nnip, ,ABOX pOTMiCTpiB Ta iHIIJi n011KH, 3rpoMa,n.>KeHi HaWBH.nKypyq, i nOCTaBHB Ha,n HHMM BO.>K.AJIMH niTe6chKoro xopya.>Koro l ot.nopa i niTe6cbKoro o6o3Horo RHa Ca€nopo,na. Ui .nso€ 6y1111 11erKoo36po€HHMH, BOHH B3JI11H 3 co6o10 ~e .nsi THC.H't.Ji BiHChKa i niWJIM npOTH CBOrO BOpora MOCKOBMTa, KOTpHH TO.ni CHJIOIO B TPMHa.n~51Tb THCJI't.J so.s~Kis rnrypMynan 3aMoK €3epume. TaM noaw

!Mocl(98umi8 pOJ6UmO

TaK M)?l<HbO 3iTKHYJIHC.H 3 Hl1M, 11\0 npopBaJIM MOCKOBCbKe BiHCbKO M 3aXOOH11H sopo.>Ki rapMant; norHaJIHCJI 3a iHliJI1MH soporaMM, mo TiKaJIH, i scix THX, Koro Mor1111 aaJ.norHaTw, supy6a.nM .no~eary. TaM 6y11o 3Haiif,neao siciM THCJI't.J BOpO.>KHX TpyniB, a iHrni MOCKOBMTH BTeKJIH, 3a BMH$1TKOM THX, KOTpi OOTpanHJIM B noJIOH .no aawMx. A aarni 3axonMJIM sci BOEHHi 3Hap$1M$1

(c. 128)

i BCIO sopo.>Ky 36pmo, B TOMY 1:.JMC11i i1 o.nHY BeJIHKY OOT}'.>KHY rapMary, noKM-

HYTY B Ta6opi; TaKo.>K B3MM nopox, pywHMtti, cTpi11M, "t.JMMaJIO npanopis i:i 6araTo iHrnMx peqeiif $1K 3.no6M"t.J. CaMi .>K 3 MMJIOCTi MHJIOCTMBoro Eora l.\i11i

i:i 3.noposi, 3a BHH$1TKOM Ki11hKOX, KOTpi 3arMHYJIM B CYTI1"t.JKa.X, nosepHYJIHCh .no BiTe6cbKa. CaM TosKMaK (Towkmak), reThMaH i Ha"t.JaJibHHK MOCKOBChKoro siiichKa, ne.nse BTiK .no rycToro Jiicy. O.naaK noTiM, 3Mil.\HHBIIIMCb, niH 83$18 BeJIMKOMY KHJI3eBi MOCKOBChKOMY 1.\eH 3aMOK €3epM~e nory.>KHOIO CHJIOIO Ta llOCTiHHMMH wrypMaMH. TioTiM npoTnroM KiJibKOx poKis BOHH MY.>KHbO 6RJIHCH Mi.>K co6o10, 't.JMHHJIH seJIHKi Ta Ma.ni 6oi, 6pa.n11 i:i BTpa"t.Ja.nR 3aMKM. TaKo.>K KHH3b CaarywKo KowHpcbKMH, nOJibHMH reTbMaH BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlRTOBCbKOro, Ha.nll\ep6HB MOCKOBCbKi CHJIM, "t.JaCTO rpOMJIH't.JM IXHIO BeJIHKY noryry CBOIM MaJIHM BiHCbKOM; He pa3 npo6ysaB B3JITM MOCKOBCbKi 3aMKM Cyccy (Susse) H Y.ny, a.ne BOHM To.ni me 6yJUI TJI.>KKi ~0 3.no6yrrH.

PoKy Bi.z:r; Pia.z:r;Ba CHHa Eo*oro 1562 Cnpas.>Kaiii rocno.nap (despot) 6ys nporaaHHH MOJI~aBaHaMH 3 MOJI.naBCbKOrO npecTOJIY; OOHHHBWMCb y BHrHaHHi, sia noixas ~o PHMY· Mon.nasaau .>K noca,niDIH a a fforo Miette OneKcaH~pa HK csoro rocno.napH. KoJIHmaiii .>Ke rocno.nap, 6y.n}"'H y PuMi, 3axsopis i TaM noMep. Cepe.n fforo CJIYr 6ys o,nHH B"t.JeHMH rpeK, KOTpHtf no CMepTi csoro naHa CKJIMKaB iH1IIMX CJIYf, CBOIX TOBapHWiB, i CKa3aB iM: «flaHOBe TOBa-

Jli(JLXttoc·

noiJap ci6 Ha npecmoJti 9rloJi&8. Cl>l(pZO

zocnoi!apcm8a g"ocnoaap noJ,up

pHmi, Moi MHJii 6paTHI B11 3HaETe, 11\0 Haw naH noMep, i HeMa TyT .>KO,nHoi yPu.Mi oco6H, .RKa 6 ycna~Kysana no iioro CMepTi yp11.n i Ma€THicTb, HKa aane- Xumpa nopaJa >KHTb Ha TaKHH yp.R,n. ToMy .R:Kil\0 BH MeHe ll0CJiyxa€Te, TO.ni 6y.ne .no6pe i MeHi, i BaM. YtUiHiTb >Ke TaK: i.zdTb IJ.O yp.R.lcy i CKCUKiTb, Il\0 BaW naH DOMep;

165

KHHrA I HapiKaiiTe Ha MeHe, K(l)KY"'H, 1.1.\0 g e nJieMiHHHK no cecTpi rocno~apg-He6i>KtJMKa, BKHM xoqe B3BTH Bci MaETHOCTi He6i>KlJHKa, cBoro cTpHg,

i He

xoqe BaM nJiaTHTH 3a Barny BipHY CJiy)K6y, gKy BH HeCJIH He6i>K"::HKY, MOfO cTpHIO. To.n;i ypg.n; HaK(l)Ke noKJIHKaTH MeHe i HaKame BaM 3aruiaTHTH, a g o6ii.vno BaM po3,Z:\i.JIMTH MiiK naMH nee, m:o HaJieiKaJIO ne6iiKtJHKoni. H iK Hi"'oro He >Ka,D;aiO, TiJibKH JIHCTiB Ta npHBiJieiB, KOTpi MaD He6iiKlJHK, a TaKOiK .n;aiiTe Meni rpomeii TiJI&KH

,li;Jijl

Toro, rno6 R Mir Ky,n:Hc& nolxaTH i 3Hai1TH

co6i iHmoro naHa; BaM iKe 1..\i JIHCTH HenoTpi6Hi i1 Hi .n;o "'oro He npH,n:a,n:YTbCH».Horo TOBapHCTBO, IIO"::YBWH 1..\e, ,n:y)Ke pa,n:o Ha u;e noro,n:HJIOCb i CKa3aJIO: I

(c.

129) «MH Te6e 3 ypH,n:y He TiJI&KH BH3Ha€MO nJieMiHHHKOM, ane

i1 .n:e Tpe6a cKameMo npo 1..\e». BiH )Ke, 3Hai0'1H ,n:o6pe, m:o cnpaBiKHil1 ruieMiHHHK He6i>K"::HKa 6yo y6HTI1M Ha BiMHi, BH,n:ao ce6e 3a HbOro; p03Jl:WHBillH l{IO MaETHiCTb He6i)Kl.IHKa Mi)K TOBapHCTBOM, B3JIB C06i \laCTHHY rpomeH, a noTiM noixaB .n:o Bi,n:Hg Ha iMnepaTopcbKHM ~sip, npocHt.~H iMnepaTopa, m:o6 TOM noMir iioMy cicTH Ha MoJI,n:ascbKiM rocno.n:apcToi. ITpH"::OMY BiH B,n:aBaB 3 ce6e ,n:iMCHOfO nJieMiHHHKa He6iiK"'HKa, KOTpoMy, BJiaCHe, MaJIO 6 HaJieiKaTH rocno.n:apcTso. IToTiM niH npnixan .n:o IToJI&tni .n:o KoponH iioro MOCTi Curi3MyH,n:a ABrycTa, TaKOiK npocH'IH,n:onoMorn, 1.1.\06 cicTH Ha npeCTOJI. BiH llOTOBapHUIYBaB TO,n:i i3 C€pa,D;3bKHM BO€BO.ll:OIO naHOM Allb6pexTOM JlacbKHM. ITopa,n;HBWHCb i3 HHM, uel1 rocno.n:ap Mas cnot.~aTey lxaTH .n:o Mon.n:anii i TaEMHO ,n:oMOBHTHCH 3 MOJI,n:anaHaMH, 1.1.\06 u;HM Jierwe npHcrynHTHCb .n:o npecToJiy. TaK niH i B"'HHHB: ixan .n:o .n:pyiKHHM OJieKcaH,n:pa, KOTpa 6yJia pi,n:HOIO cecTpmo rocno.n:apeni-He6iiK"111Kf, i HaJoasc.s~ nJieMiHJ'lact.I(UU

6ucmynu6 ~ta 9<fo.11JaSi10

HHKOM He6iiK"'HKy. BoHa, nooipMBlliH HOM)', B.ll:H"'HO I1:oro npHHHHJia. il qoJIOBiK OJieKcaH,n:p TeiK MHJIOCTHBO nocTaBMBCH ~o Hboro. THM t.~acoM naH JlacbKHH 36Hpas oii1:c&Ko. Ue11 rocno.n:ap 3MOBHBCH 3 MOJI,n:aoaHaMH i .n:icTaB Bi~ HHX o6iUHHKY Ta Ha,n:iiO, mo BOHH MOM)' .ll:OllOMOiKYTb cicnf Ha npecTOJI. O,n:HaK I1:oro iHTpHrH .n:il1wJIH .no Byx OJieKcaH,n:pa, KoTpHI1 HaKa3an iioro TaEMHO oTpyiTM. l(ei1: rocno.n:ap, 3po3yMinwM, 1.1.\0 iioro oTpyeHo, HeraiiHo BiKHB JiiKM, i oTpYTa iioMy He 3aWKOJl:HJia. To.n:i oiH TYT iKe BTiK .n:o IToJih~i • .n:o naHa JlacbKoro, KOTpHi1 3i6pas yiKe 'IHMa.JIO iKOBHipio, ni,n:nMcancH KpoB'10 6YTH 3 JlaChKHM y 6paTepcTBi. A iioro MOCTb naH JlacbKMM o6iu;HB woMy .n:onoMorTM i1: noca,n:MTM i1oro Ha npecToni. To.n:i woro MOCTh naH soeoo.n:a 3i6paB 3 KiJibKOX ,n:eCSITKiB CiJI Jl:O 'iOTHpbOX THCSI'i DiMCbKa i BMC'rynMB 3 HI1M Ha Mon,n:aBChKY JeMJIIO. OneKcaH.n:p iKe, 6y,n:yq11 To,n:i nono.n:apeM, 3i6pao BiMCbKO 3 6JIM3bKO 'IOT11pHa,n:I..VITI1 THCSI'i MOJI,n:anaH Ta yropl\iB i np1111WOB 3 HHM Ha Kop,n:oH, t.~eKaJOl.IH Ha 1..\hOro rocno.n:apH i naHa JlacbKoro. 3HaJO'IM, 1.1.\0 OJieKcaH,n:p Man HanoroTooi neJIHKe niiic&Ko, qepe3 nKe oa)KKO 6yno 6

HanacTH Ha Mon.n:anchKY JeMJIJO, BOHH nonepnynHCb .no OcTpora, a nii1cbKO po3nyCTI1JII1 Ha KBapTHpH, aJie HaKa3a.JIH HOMy, lli.06 BOHO 6yJio HanorOTOBi Xumpa ,UJI.H BHCTfllY Ha nep1IIHH llOKJIHK. THiKHeM llOTOMY MOfO MOCTb naH Jlacb6uzaika KMH 3MOBMBC.H 3 rocno.napeM i cKaJaB nepe.n: cnyraMH, ~o naH rocno.n:ap xnopi€, ane .n:o noKoln HiKoro He nycTHB.lUOJl.HH niH Ka3as, ll.J.O rocno.n:apeni see ripwe. He MMHyJio i1 .nnox THiKHiB, nK iioro MOCTh naH J1acbK1111 BHHWOB 3 noKoin, 6y,n:yq11,n:yiKe JacMyl:.JeHMM, i cKaJaD, mo naH rocno.n.ap noMep. BiH

166

KHMrA I B'UtHim >Ka.no6y, HaKaJan po61n11 li 3aCMOJIMTM TP}'I-1)', anawTynaTM noxopoH i llOI<JtaCTI1 Ha Monury BCJ111KI1rl KaMiHh. np111..\h0M)' BiH 6ya .A)'>KC I C)'MHHH, cKpi3b poJnosi.naiO'·m npo cMepTh rocno.napSI. To.ni .u.pa .u,ii1wna 1..\SI HOBI1Ha, ~o rocno.u,ap noMep,

(c. 130)

.u.o OneKcaH-

mo 6a'-mJJM i1oro noxopoH.

no'-I)'BWM 1..\C, BiH .n.aa BCJII1KHH no,uapyHOK TOM)', XTO np11HiC 1..\10 HOBMH)', i T)'T )I(C Bi.ZJ. BCJiliKOI pa.UOGTi HaKa3aB p03ll)'CTI1TI1 DiHChKO. no'-I)'DUJM, ~0

~ocnoiJap 8 0 CI(ptC

OneKcaH.u,p HaKaJaa poJnycTnTM sii1:cbKO, naH JlacbKMH HaKa3aa rocno.u,apesi BOCKpCCH)'TM i T}'T )I(C 3 1..\MM BiHCbKOM i BOCKpCCJIMM He6i)K'-111KOM iTM Ha Mon.n.asi10. Kom1 BOHM 6ym1 B)KC 6JIM3hKO, npMHUJJia HODHHa .no OJJeKcaH,upa, ~o rocno.n.ap i1.ue 3 aiikhKOM. RK TiJihKI1 niH noqya npo ue, To TOM)', KoTp11i1 npnHic 1..\10 HOBJ-IH)', a TaKO)K iHWMM, HaKaJaB ni.upy6aTM ronosM, Ka)l()''-111: «3pa.u,HMKM MOl! He 3Hal0, HaBi~O D11 MeHi npMHOC11TC TaKi HOBMHM, a,u)l(e )K rocno.uap .u.asHo noMep i noxoaaHMH, a s11 T)'T npM"ttwJIM MeHe JISIKaTM». O.u.HaK O.UMH nonepe.u. .u.pyroro M'-iaJJM .no OneKCaH.u.pa [riHI..\i] 3 neBHMMH HOBMHaMM, ~0 fOCllO,Aap 3 naHOM JlaCbKHM B)KC HCllO.lJ.aJJiK KOp.ll.OHiB. TiJihKM TO)J.i BiH nosip11s, SIKHaHWBM)J.WC 3i6pas )J.BaHa,Al.\.flTb TMCSI'-1 aii1chKa i p)'UJHB Ha Kop.noH , nocTaBMB rapMaTM HanpoTH Mocry, cno.n.iaaiO'-IHCh o6opoHMTM MicT rapMaTaMM. A.Jr.e nixoTa naHa JlacbKoro s.uap11na Ha rap MaTH, 3axOnHJia ix i cnpSIM)'BaJJa npoTH OneKcaH.n.pa, KOTpHi1: M)'CMB TiKa-

™ .u.o Type'-1'-IMHM. A naH JlachKMH pyrn11a npocTo .u.o Cyl.laBM i1 noca,uHs 1..\hOro rocno.u.apR Ha npecTOJI, 3aJIMUJHBUJM np11 HhOM)' .ZJ.JI.fl aapTH caoix

'.MoJliJa8cbi(JlU

zocnoiJap mil(_tl£ iJo 9JTypt7.7.UHU

)I(OBHipis, 500 iTaniMI..\iB i q>paHI..\)'3is. CaM )I(C JlachKMH noixas Ha3a.U. .u.o noJib~i, )'KJiaBUJM )'fO.ll.)' 3 rocno.u.apeM ~O.ll.O KOMlleHCal.\ii CBOIX BH)J.aTKiB. nonM MOJI.ll.aBaHH, 3a.uyMaBUJM 3pa,ll11TM 1..\bOfO CBOfO HOBOfO fOCllO.ZJ.apR, HaMOBHJIM i1oro, ~o6 aiH 1..\C sipHe HOM)' sii1chKO nocJias Ha yropcbKMH Kop.ZJ.OH npoTM ceMMropo.u,chKoro BOEBO.ll.M .HH}'UJa Bai1.u.11, yropcbKoro KoponeBM'-Ia; BiH )J.aB ce6e HaMOBMTM i nOcJiaB Ha KOp.UOH CBOIX iTaJiiHI..\iB Ta q>paHtcy3ia, SIKi, Hi'-Ioro noraHoro TaM He cno.u,isaiOl.IHCb, 6yn11 6e3nC'-IHHMH, He ni)J.03p1010'-IH npo 3pa,uy. THM '-laCOM MOJI,AasaHH, BH6paBUJM CJI)'UJHHH '-laC, HanaJJM Ha HHX, CllJISI'-IMX, i BciX HafOJIOB)' po36HJIM. noTiM BOHH noKHH}'JIH rocno.u.apR y CyqaacbKOM)' 3aMK)', a niH He 6ya B.lJ..fl'-IHMH .u.o6po.u.ii1cTsy i1oro MOCTi naHa JlacbKoro, KoTpHi1 3apa,u11 Hboro BTpaTMB 3Haq-

~ocnoiJap.P.

o6JlO:JfUHO

HY C)'M)' rpOUJCH, He BMKOHaB o6il.\SIHKM, ~0 )J.aB ll nepe.n. THM, SIK HOfO noca,uHJIH Ha npecToni. llaH JiacbKHH po3rHisasc.fl 3a ue Ha Hhoro i 3a.uyMaB HOfO CKHH)'TM 3 npeCTOJI)' SIK HCB)J)I1lHOfO. BiH 06 '€)J.HaBC.f£ 3 KH.f£3eM _nMHTPOM BMUJHeseUhKMM, M)')l(eM l.IHCTHM, CJiaBHHM i M)')I(HiM, i xoTis i1oro noca.u.M· TH Ha npecToJii, a rocno.n.ap11 sHrHaTM. ni.n. qac nepe6ysaHHSI Ha lli1oTp· KOBCbKOM)' CCHMi BOHH .lJ.OMOBI1JIMCb MDK co6010 npo neBHi pel.li i CTaJIH 36M· paTH sii1:c&KO. Horo MOCTb naH Jlac&KMH ai6pas .n.o '-IOTMp&ox TMCSI'l BiHCbKa, a KHSI3b BMiliHCBCI..\bKMH ~e 'lOTHpH THCSI'-Ii, i BOHM p)'WHJIH Ha MoJI.nasiiO,

(c. 131) MaiO"tJH TaM o6'E.U.HaTH o6M.n.sa siHCbKa. Alle KHSI3b

BnmHeseu&KHH neplliHM .n.ocSirH)'B Kop.n.oH}' i TaM Mas 'leKaTH naHa Jlac&Koro, SIK BOHH 6ynn )'XBaJIWIH Mi)l( co6010. Y 1..\CH "tJaC MOMaBaHH llOCJiaJIH fiOCJiiB 11.0 KHJI3SI BHiliHesel.\&Koro ia aam-fTaHHSIM, Hasi~o niH 'leKa€ naHa Jlac&KO· ro, 6o sci MOJJ.AaBaHH XO'-I)'Tb 6a'lHTH aa npecToni TiJI&KH uoro caMoro, a He

167

!}(H.P.JI> 'D.Mumpo '.Buume6er;&-

1Qlr1Wt

Ha9tlaMa8ilo

KHHrA I naHa Jlacbi<Oro: «A.n>Ke >K TH e KH$13b BHlllHeBeQbKMH, 3,naaHa c.naBHMH pn!Tocnoeap

Qap. JIK~O TH 'leKa€lll Ha naHa JlaCbKOrO, TO Qe 6y,ne He TBOH TiJibKH CJia·

tiOCILila£

Ba, a HallOJIOBHH}' 3 naHOM JlaCbKHM, 60 BiH Te6e BllpOBa;:J;>K}'€ Ha npeCTOJI».

iJo 'IQIJl}Jl '.BUUliU· 6tlji>I(9ZO

Ha >Ka.nb, BiH ,naB ce6e }'MOBHTH i PYlllMB .no HMX, He t~eKaiOt~H siiiCbKa naHa JlaCbKOrO, a naH JlaCbKMH pynniB 33 HMM ai CBOIM BiHCbKOM, aJie MOJI,nasaHH B)Ke He qeKanH naHa JlacbKoro. To.ni rocno.nap, 6y.zcyq.11 o6no:>KeHHM MOJI.naaaHaMH, po3noqas neperosopH 3 KH$13eM BHlllHeseQbKHM, :>Ka,naJOqn,

!TLtteY~>'CJtil,

~o6 BiH 3aJIHWHB csoix :>KOBHipis npH HboMy. BiH o6iQHB iM aanJiaTHTH ii

nopymul(. nosepHfTH ..UO flOJib~i 3 MHpOM, TaKO:>K .l(aBaTM HK ~opiqH)' .l(aHMH)' neBHY J@Sl}Jl cyMy rpollleH, KiJibKa THCH'I BOJiiB i KiJibK3COT KOHeH KHH3eBi BHlllHeBeQb'.BUUlHt· 6tlji>I\9ZO KOMf. Alie naH llHcen;bKMH, KOTpHii 6ya nopyqHMKOM npn 6oQi KHH3H BnwHeaen;bKOro, caM no caolii soni THCHfB Ha KHH3H BHwHesen;bKOro, ~o6 To:H He yKJia,naa )KOAHOro nopo3yMiHHH 3 rocno.napeM, 6o Mon.nanaHH caMi ,no6poaiJibHO Ta O.QHOCTai1Ho npni1MaiOTb M:oro Ha npecToJI. KHH3b BnwHesen;bKHH .nas ce6e y QbOMY nepeKoHaTH. TMM qacoM MO.JI,l(aBaHH, npnroTfBaBlllMCb ,no 3pa,n:H, CKa3aJIH, I.l.{06 3aBTpa BiH 6ys rOTOBMH BHMTH B llOJie, ,ne Ha Hboro qeKaTMMfTb sci naHoBe i npm1MaTHMyrb JIK csoro rocno.l(apR. CaMi >K BOHH p03.QiJIMJIM CBO€ BiMCbKO Ha .l(Bi t~aCTHHH i OAH)' 3 HHX llOCTaBHJIH 33 MOCTOM, a .l(pyry- no QeM 6iK MOCTf, ~06 HanaCTH, KOJIH TaM MaB 611 IX3TH KH.H3b BHwHeseQbKHM. Ha He~acTH .l(JIJI He6i:>K"'.HKa, KHH3H BHwHeBeQbKoro, Qe 6yno soceHH. Konn KHJI3b BMwHeseQbKHM iwos 3 si:HcbKOM, 3paH?(H.Jl}Jl

'.BuUliU· 6tlji>I(!JW Ci(OTI./ItiW

KY CTOHB CKJibHHM ryMaH. .HK TiJihKH KHH3b BMIIIHeBeQbKHM nepei1IIIoB MicT, MOJI.l(aBaHM n.napHJIH Ha Hhoro 3 o6ox 6oKiB i TYT :>Ke po3rpoMHJIH si:HcbKO. BiH CaM BTiK i CXOBaBCJI B KOllHU:i ciHa. floTiM CIO.l(H npHIXaB CeJIJIHHH no ciHo i 3Hai1wos M:oro. KHH3b cKa3aa cen.HHHHOBi: «EpaTe! PHry:H MeHe Tenep, a .H o6iQHIO, I.l.{O .nicTaHem Haropo.ny». CenHHHH cKa3aB floMY: «Ci.nafl Ha B03a, JI nose3y Te6e .no Moro ,noMy», npHKpHB ciHoM, ane nosia :Horo He ):(0 CBOro AOMf, a ):(0 ToMIIIi Ta MO"'OKa, KOTpi 6yJIH KOMaH,nyaaqaMH MOJI,n:aBCbKOro ai:HcbKa. l..(i .n:y:>Ke 3pa.niJIH TaKOM)' B'H3Hesi i T}'T >Ke nocnan:H i1oro ):(0 rypeQbKOrO cynTaHa pa30M 3 llOJl:Oli.HHMHOM JIHOM 0HCeQbKHM, a CYJITaH 3a QeM no.n:apyHoK .n:as IM seJIHKf Haropo.n:y i HaKa3aB o6ox s'H3His CKHHy-

?(H.RJI> '.BuiiJJ1£6tiJb·

TM 3 Be:>Ki Ha raKM Ha.n: MOpCbKOIO 3aTOKOIO B ranaTi (ku Galacyey). To.n.i BHIIIHeBeQbKHM BHciB :>KMBHM .n:o Tpbox JJ.HiB, a:>K :Horo rypKM 3a6MJIM 3 JI)'Ka, KOJIH 1QluHil UlJ\Y siH npoKJIHHaB ixHhoro I I (c. 132) MaroMeTa; 3a Qe cyJITaH noKapas ix, xoq 6ys 611 pa,n:m1: i ,n:ani 6a'4HTH IXHIO MyKy. fiHCeQbKHM :>Ke Jieriiie CKOHaB, 60, na,n:ai0'4M, BiH 3aqenMBCJI 3a raK CTerHOM, '4epe3 ~0 llOBHCHYB rOJIOBOIO BHH3 i TaK 3aJIHBCJI Kpos'IO. O,n:HaK naH JlacbKMM MIIIOB .n:ani B MoJI,nasc&Ky 8eiJe nepezo8opu 3eMJIIO 3i csoiM siiic&KOM, 6o rocno.n.ap nMcaa y npHcyTHOCTi o,n:Horo IllnH.?lac111Qli1 iik ryHa ..Uy:>Ke :>KaJiiCJIMBOrO JIHCTa .QO MOrO MOCTi naHa JlaCbKOrO, npOCH'4H MH-

'.lTmt f'/acbiQlU

na 9tfoMa/JiiO

JIOCep,.U.H, ~06 BiH 3BOJIHB 3MMJiyBaTMC.H Ha,.U HHM; BM3HaBaB, ~0 3rpiWHB ~o.n:o Hhoro, o6iQ.HI0'4H ni.n: npMc.HroiO, ~o KOJIM iioro focno,nh Eor BH3BOJIHTb, BMHaropo,n:MTM ad M:oro mKo,nM. Horo MOCTb, Mai0'4H Qboro JIMCTa, CKJIHKaB .no ce6e scix poTMicTpis i HaKa3aB yronoc npo'4MTaTM iM i1oro, npoC.H'4M npo nopa.n:y: HK Kpa~e B'4MHMTH, pH1)'BaTH i1oro '4H Hi. PoTMicTpM yxaanMJIM, u~o Kpau~e 6y.n:e parynaTM 11oro 11 BM3BOJIMTM 3 n'a3HHQi, Ka)Ky-

168

KHMrA I -IM: «5J.KIUO rocno.n:ap 3arHHe, TO BCi BH)laTKH, KOTpi nama MOCTb B1H1HMB,

npona.n:yrh. 51K~o >K niH 6y.ne >KMBMH i 3BiJibHeHHH 3 yn'.H3HeHH.SI 11 HHHirnHbOi o6JiorH, TO sawa MOCTb MO)I(e MaTH Ha.n,ilo Ha KOMneHcai.dJO». Ue l1 yxaaJIIfJIH, T06To BHpiwHJIH p.s~rysaTM ~roro. PyruMJIM 3 niikhKOM .no caMoro 6epery piKH CepeT, Heno.n:a.niK ai.u. CyqaaH, He 3HaJ01.JH, rn;o CTa.noc.s~ KiJihKa .U.HiB TOMy. Yropl..\i >K, KOTpi 6yn11 y CyqaacbKOMY 3aMKY np11 rocno.n:api, a IX 6yJIO KiJibKaCOT, BeJIH neperOBOpH 3 iHWHMH yropU.HMH, ~0 6yJIM

l)'zop!!i·

JpMHUI(U

3 Mon.n:aaaHaMH y noni, a THM caoiM, .s~Ki nepe6yaan11 y 3aMKy, rocno.n:ap aa6opoHHB aecTH 6y.n:h-.SilK co6o10. BoHH >K Ha ue He 3nepTaJIH ynarH i nocTii1Ho aen11 Mi)K co6mo neperonop11 npo 3pa,ny, a rocno.n:apeai 6yJio Ba.)f(KO Qe 3a6opOHHTH, 60 BiH He MaB npH C06i HiKOfO 3 nipHHX Ta 3Ml.JJIHBMX, 3a BHH.SITKOM iTaJiiHI.dB Ta HiMI..\iB. AJie OCTaHHiX 6yJIO Ha6araTO MeHwe, Hi>K yrOpl..\iB, KOTpi, 6y,nyq11 3pa,llHHKaMM, BpeiiiTi yxBaJIMJIM 3pa,llJIMBO nM.n:aTH rocno.n:ap.s~ ToMllli Ta Mol.JOKOBi. focno.n:ap apo3yMiB, rn;o Ma€ 3arMHyrH. 3HaJO'IH npo BipHicTb Ta 3J1qJIJ.1BiCTb )J.O ce6e iTaJiiMQiB Ta HiMUiB, KOTpi 6yJIM np11 HbOMY, Ta He Ma10q11 qJ.iM BHHaropo.U.HTH ix 3a ai pHy c.ny>K6y, 3JiaMaB cno10 KopoHy, KOTPY 3aMOBMB apo6HTH, i, Jl.HKYJO'liH iM 3a ixHlO aipHY CJI}')K6y, po3.n:inHB il Mi)K HHMH. MoMaBaHM .n:osi,naJIHCb, 11.(0 rocno.n:ap po3.n:as CBOJO KOPOHY HiMU.SIM Ta iTaJiiMU.HM, cxonHJIH ncix QHX HiMQiB Ta

!TocnoiJap, ~go6 6uHazopoiJumu (.!Ly:HCu 6u;.v noJZa.Ma6 i po;iJa6 iM I(JJpoHy

iTaJiii1:QiB i ya'SI3HHJIH, nparHJ'IH ix cTpaTHTH. To.n:i Qi 6i.zr;oJiaxH, 60.H'liHCh CMepTi, noaepHym1 Qe nee, rn;o po3.u.aa iM rocno.n:ap, i TiJibKH To.n:i i x nHnycTWIM. AJie yropQi, aa6ynlllH npo Eo:>K}' noMCTY i1 cnpaae,llJIHBicTb, .HKa Ha HHX qeKaJia, cxonMJIH i1 BH.U.aJIM rocno.n:ap.s~ QHM 3pa.D;HHKaM, i1:oro aurn;e3ra.zr;a-

!TocnoiJap.R. Q(OTI.IUHO i1 cmpauHO

HHM aoporaM, ToMwi Ta Mo'IOKOBi, .HKi HaKa3aJIM nunecTM i1:oro Ha MicT i CTpaTMTH. TioTiM BOHM .D;O naHa JlaCbKOrO, KOTpMH 6yn Ha 6epe3i piKM CepeT 3 l.JOTMpMa TMC.Sil.JaMM BiHCbKa (MOJI,ZJ;aBCbKe )K BiHCbKO CTO.SIJIO Ha iHWOMY 6oui piKM / / (c. 133) i pa30M 3 yropi..\.HMH cTaHOBHJIO 6JIM3hKO 5000), ni.zr;npaBHJIM roJIMM i 6ocMM o.n:Horo HiMQ.H, HaiiaipHillloro .n;aopRHMHa rocno.zr;ap.s~, o6pi3anwH HOMY Hie ra nyxa. BiH, aaKpMsasneHMH, BKPHTMH TtnbKM

O,lJ,HHM npOCTMpa.zr;JIOM, MaB nepeKa3aTM, 11.(06 JlaCbKMH, $1KII.(O XO'Ie 6yr11 a.n;opoaHM, nosep"Yac.s~.n;o TioJibrn;i. RKrn;o )K niH He noaepHeTbCR, TO t:ioMY 6y.zr;e Te, 11.(0 i1: UbOMJ HiMQlO. HiMeQb, npHHlllOBIIJH .u.o aiHCbKa naHa JlacbKoro, cKa3an npo Te, rn;o cTaJioc.s~, 11.(0 yropQi 3pa.D;HJIH rocno.u.ap.s~ i BH.D;a.JIM iioro .zr;o PYK ToMwi i Mo'IOKa i B)Ke TpeTii1 .zr;eHb .HK iioro cTpaTHJIH Ha MocTY· TioqynlllM QJO noraH}' HOBMH}' i nni3HaBIIJM Qboro HiMQ.H, iioro MOCTb naH Jiacbim:t:i 3p03JMiB, 11.(0 ace Qe npaa.n;a, i qepea Qe .D;y)l(e aacM}'TMBC.H. CKJiuKaBIIJM BciX pOTMicTpiB, BiH p03DOBiB IM npO QlO cnpany i pa.zr;HBC.SI3 HHMM npo Te, .SIK 6yr11. BOHM BMpiWHJIH TaK: OCKiJibKM rocno.zr;ap.SI CTpaqeHO i B>Ke HeMa )f<O,AHOI Ha,n;ii Ha nopHryHOK 'IH ,llOllOMOry i3 3aMKJ, TO Ba>KKO npn.n:yMaTH mocb iHllle, a TiJibKH Tpe6a aepTaTMCJI .n;o.n:oMY· TioTiM pa.AMJIHCJI npo Te, JIKOIO .n;oporo10 aepTaTHCJI Haaa.n;, 6o ae6araTo aiiicbKa Ma.JIM i3 co6o10. O.u.Ri pa,n;MJIH HTM Ha EyKoBHH)', iHmi - Ha CHJITHH, aJie 6iJiblilicTb 6yJia aa UIJIJIX 11epe3 DYKOBHH)' 3 TaKoi npwiHHH: «.HKrn;o ni,n;eMo Ha CH.HTHH, TO TaM MoJI.n:aaaHH o6JIO>KHJIH aaMoK, a Mill MaiOqJII cnepe.n:y i 33a,ZJ;y :noporia, aK >Ke 6y.zr;eMo 6eaneqHi ni~ HMX y try>KiH aeMJii?)). Iawi

169

Ka3aJIH: «HK ni.n:eMo Ha

fMyiJpa p/Wa

KHHrA I E}'KOBMHy, TO MOJI,l\asaHM ni.l\py6JISJTb HaM Jiic, HK i paHiwe, l.l\06 MH B xaJieny He noTpanMJIM, QbOro Tpe6a ocTepiraTHCb». Di.l\ t~ac uiel pa.zr.11 3HaiiWJIH TaKMH BMXiJJ., l.l\06 HOfO MOCTb naH reT&MaH SIKHaMlllBH,l\We IIOCJiaB PtilrrulpU H.t iJaiOTnb

JJ.BiCTi peiiTapis, JJ.06pHX CTpiJibQiB, l.l\06 He JJ.aJIM CeJISJ:HaM ni.zr.py6ysaTH Jiic, i Qe B'IMHHJIM. KoJIH Hawi ni,nXOJJ.HJIH ni.zr. nic, TO noqyJIH, ~o pefna-

ni()py6y· P" cTpiJISIJIH no ceJISIHax, KOTpi B>Ke ni.zr.py6anu qacTMHY nicy. U.i petiTaOamu 11ic pH 3a6MJIH JJ.O KiJibKOX ,l\CCSITKiB MOJIJJ.aBCbKHX CCJISIH, a pewTa XJIOllCTBa

nosTiKaJia. 3a HMMH iiwno MOJI,nasc&Ke siiicbKO, ToMwa 3 .zr.BaHaJJ.I..VITbMa THCSP.JaMM JJ.OraHHB lx, qepe31.l\O BOHM ni,l\cTynanH 3 6oeM. Mon.zr.asaHH ua IXHbOMY WJISIXY pyifHyBaJIM MOCTM i rHaJIMCSI 3a HHMH a>K ,l\0 CHHTHHa, a SIK TiJihKM noJihCbKe siM:c&Ko niwno .zr.ani, MOJIJJ.aBaHH 3anaJIHJIH MicTo. TaK :Ha!Ui naH reTbMaH 3 yciM caoiM aiM:cbKOM BHHWOB >KHBHM 3 MoJI,nasii i He BTpa~"""" THB >KOJJ.HOfO y llOXOJJ.i, HaBnaKM, ni.n; qac BiJJ.CTyny 3 6o€M llOJibCbKOrO pH· 6WcmyniLilu iJo !!To;rt.Uji

'Epaljlla9 cna;uHO

Cnumel(

11opiJaH

Ceii.M

y '1Ji.lz11Hi

f!o11oiJ

y ff{OJII>Uji

QapcTsa 3arHHyno 'IHMaJIO Mon.zr.aaaH, KoTpi TPH .zr.ui M: TPH HO'Ii rHaJIHCSJ 3a HaWHMM, He .zr.aiO'lH iM ai.zr.no'tiHHKy. lloTiM Qi 3paJJ.HMKH, ToMma i1 Mo'lloK, ,l\OBiJJ.aswHcb, ~o 3a QIO 3pa.zr.y, siKy BOHH B'IMHHJIH Ha,l\ rocno.zr.apeM, Ha HHX rHiBa€TbCSI cynTaH, 3a6panH sci cKap6M a Cy'laBH ii BTeKJIH .l\0 Jlhsosa. TaM Koponh CHriaMyHJJ. AsrycT HaKaaas Bi.l\py6aTH IM roJIOBH i aa6paB yci IXHi CKap6H. Y Qeii )Ke qac MOJIJJ.aBChKMH rocno.zr.ap .ln.nH, CMH rocno.zr.apSI DeTpa, si.zr.piKc.R si.zr. sip11 focno.zr.a XpHcTa i nepeM:mos .zr.o MaroMeTa. I I (c. 134) BiH nolxas .zr.o rypeQhKoro cyJITaHa B KoHcTaHTHHOIIOJib i JJ.icTas HKHHCh ypH.z:\. A mo6 .zr.onecTH cso10 ri.zr.HicTb, niH a' E,l\HascSI3 rypKaMH, B3SIB nposi,nHHKOM MopMopa i B3SIB EpaQJiaB, y6HB Hai13Ha'liHilliHX JIIO,nei1 i .zr.omeHry crranHB MicTo. Xoqa MicTo 6yno aHoay ai.zr.6y.zr.osaHe, ane BHacJii,l\OK aar116eni TaM seJIHKoi KiJibKOCTi pHQapcbKMX mo.n.efl KopoHa 3a3HaJia 3Ha'lHOI WKOJJ.H. TaTapH 3 BeJIHKOIO 3.D.06H'I'liO s i.zr.iiimJIH, aJie 3Hosy nosTopHJIH cail1: HacKOK i rrilliJIH JJ.aJii B 3eMJii KopoHH. QhOMf 3ano6ir KopoHHHM ni.zr.cKap6ii1 CnHTeK 11op.n.aH ia 3aKJii'lHHa, 6o TYT )Ke nocnan rporni KpaKiBCbKOMf Kan1TeJI.RHOBi, a TOM HeraM:Ho 3i6paa )KOBHipis i eTas HarroroTosi Ha Kop.noHi. DoTiM KopoJI& 3aP.JISI Kpamol oprauiaai..dl o6opoHH BeJIHKoro KH.H3iBCTBa JIHTOBCh· Koro CKJIHKaB ceiiM y BiJihHi B .n.eH& cs. M11xalna. Ha ueM: cei1M rrpHIXaJIM IIOCJIH 3 KopOHH, HaMOBJISIIO'IH KOpOJI.H, mo6 BiH CIIOHyKaB JIHTBY JJ.O yuii 3a)l.JISI Kpal.l\Oi ii o6opoHH si.zr. TaTap i KO)KHOro aopora. O.n.uaK TO.D.i Hi.R:KMM cnoco6oM He )J.aJia ce6e HaMOBMTH ua ue anepTa JIHTBa, JIHllle .D.03BOJIMJia KoponiO B3.HTH no.n.aTOK Ha o6opoHy TepMiHOM Ha TPH poKM: si.n. BOJIOKM no n'SITb rpomin. lloTiM focno.n;b Eor SIKOCb JJ.y)Ke WBHJJ.KO noKapan Inmo, 6o KOJIM rypeubKI1H cynTaH CyneM:MaH aacyMHiaanc.R: y M:oro aipHOCTi MaroMeToaii:f Bipi, TO TaK MOfO CTpaTMB, ll\0 npo HbOfO He 6yno M )K0.lJ.HOI3BiCTKM. Y TOM qac 6yna aem-IKa .nopO)KHe'la i rono.n. y lloJibl.l\i Ta J1I1TBi, y KpaKOBi Kopeuh )KI-n a Kowryaaa TPH 3JIOTHx. Y uel1: )Ke qac KopOJib noJsas .zr.o cy.n.y 3a aipy O)l.Horo 3Ha'lHoro WJI.HXTH'Ia 3 nonbmi. Uel1:, 6y.l\y'liH MOJIOJJ.HM 'lOJIOBiKOM, pa30M 3 iHlllHMH CBOIMH TosapHwaMH 3YCTpiswH <l>paHQHCKa CTaHKapa, iTanit'tu.R, Has"B1BCSI Bit\ Hboro uosoi nipH, 3a6paa KOCTbOJI y D EH'loni, no6y.uonaHm1 i Ha.naHm1

170

KHHrA I Moro npe.n.KoM, Kap.n.HHanoM 36MlliKOM [OnecHIU.\hKHM], i rmrHaD 3 Hboro MOHaXiB. 0JieCHMU,bK11113 npHHTeJIHMM npHIXaB, ane TO,Ai flOMep KpaKiBCbKMl't EnMcKon CaMyeJih MaQei1oscbKMM, i D cy.n.i 3aci.n.an a.n.MiHicTpaTop €flMCKOflCTBa RH nrnepeMCbKIUi. t..Iepe3 Te 11.\0 n03MBaHa CTOpoHa, npMixasmM rpoMa.ll.OIO , He 6yJia ni.n;JierJia BJia.D.i €flJ1CKOna, TO nlllepeMC bKMI1

O.ntcHU~I>I(JlU

noJ8aHuu 3 iHlliMMJ-t EnHCKonaMM nepe.n;as QIO cnpany KopoJIIO. AH.n;>Kei1 3e6>KM- Ja 8ipy .ll.OBChKMH, .RKni16ys To.n;i KY.RBCbKHM EnHcKonoM, CKJiaB seJIHKY cKapry, npo- JlH !!Tuu-

CH'lM KopoJI.R, 11.\06 TOH He .n;o3BOJI.RB rnanrynaTH ceKTaMH cs.RTOI xpHCTM.RHChKol sip11, KOTPY noJihll.\a .n.aBHO npHHH.RJia; Il\06 BiH npM.ll.MDMBC.R .n;o HiMeUbKOI 3eMJii, KOTpa, nepe6ysaro~m y €.lJ.HOCTi pHMCbKOI xpHCTMHHCbKOi BipH, He 3HaJia .>KO.lJ.HOI rpoMa.lJ..RHCbKOI BiHHM, a KOJIM cnanJIIO)KMJia i

pu1Ct>l(uu

JIHilJiceu 3e6xu· iJo8Ct>I(UU,

I(Jfil Be t>l(Jl u enuci(JJn

Bi.D;KMHyJia II, TO TaK 3MirnanaC.R, 11.\0 B)Ke TaM )KO.lJ.eH CeJI.RHMH lliJl.RXTM'la, ruJI.HXTH"l KH.S13.H, KH.R3b iMnepaTopa He cnyxaE. Eo focno.n.h Eor TaK 'lMHMTb, 11.\0 KOpOJiiBCbKa BJia.n;a nOXO.lJ.MTb 3i CBHll.\eHW.JeCbKOI, i TaM Hi.n.e CBiTCbKa BJia.n;a He .n;oc.RrHe csoro, .n.e .n.yxosHa no"!He cJia6maTM. 3e6)KH.ll.OBCbKMH npocMs KopoJI.H, 11.\06 siH y UbOMY nMTaHHi CTO.SIB HenoxMTHO, I/ (c. 135) B'lacHo 3ano6iras 3JIMM no"laTKaM. Ha 6oQi 3e6)KM.ll.OBCbKoro eTas ysecb CeHaT, KOJIM BKa3yBaB HaTe, .SIK 6ys norpa6oBaHMH KOCTbOJI, .SIK 6yJIH BHfHaHi CB.Hll.\eHHKH, .HK HasepHeHHH y Hosy sipy eTas o6opoHu,eM 'lf>KHX BTiKa"liB, .D;a€ npHKJia.D; BciM iHlliHM JliO.lJ..SIM )1;0 JiaMaHH.SI npasa H HeflOKOpH 3BepxHHKaM. KoJIH siH 3aKiH"lHB npoMosy, TO 3 nponiJle)l(Horo 6oKY BHCTYflHB MHKOJiaH PeJ1 3 HarJIOBHQb, noJibCbKHH npHpO.ll.)KeHHH noeT. BiH, 6y.n;y'lH .ll.BOp.SIHHHOM, CKJiaB yciO npOBHHf Ha MOHaxiB, .SIKi 3Bi.D;TH nilliJIH TOMf, 11.\0 iM 3acMaKYBaJIO csiTCbKe .>KHTT.SI. KoJIM MOMY 6yno HaKa3aHo 3aKiH"lHTH npoMosy, a pa.z:taM sorysaTH, KpaKiBCbKHH KawTeJI.HH RH TapHosCbKHH suroJIOCHB rocTpy npoMosy, 3aKJIHKaiO'lH .n.o Toro

)1(,

I.QO :M 3e6>KH-

.n;oscbKHH, BKa3aBWH Ha cysopy 3a6opoHy 3aKOHaMH >KO.D;HHX 3'iJ.n;iB, 3a BHH.HTKOM THX, .HIK.z:t>KaiOTbC.H, 3MOBJI.HIOTbC.H, TBOp.RTb HOBi cnpaBI-t, Bi.D;KH.D;aiOTb CTapi .n.o6pi 3BH"lai, He cnyxaiOTb cso'ix 3BepxHHKiB, cso'ix EnHci<onis. «3a u,e, KOpOJIIO, Ma€11I KapaTH, 60 sipa B KOpOJI.H, Bipa B Bora € <l>YH.lJ.aMeHTOM, a TOM, XTO naMa€ sipy s focno.n;a Bora, He 6y.n.e sipHHM I<opoJIIO. Qboro nepecTepiras Tsiw MY.ll.PHH 6aTbKO, .z:t6aiO'lH, 11.\06 Qe .n;ani He nolliHprosanoc.H». TaKoiO )I( 6yJia .ll.}'MKa i soEso.n;H KMHTH, i scix iHwHx. AJie BaneHTHH ,neM6iHCbKHH rep6a «PaBHl.l)) , .SIKHH 6ys TO.D;i 6eU,bKHM KalliTeJI.SIHOM, flOTiM KOpOHHHM ni.n;CI<ap6i€M, DOTiM- KaHlVIepoM, flOTiM - KpaKiBCbKHM KaWTeJI.SIHOM, DOM'.SIKWHB fOCTpi CeHTeHQii iHIIIHX i npOCHB, 11.\06 KOpOJib He flOCfliiiiaB 3 noKapaHH.HM oco6H TaKoro 3Ha'lHoro po.n;y, .HKa CI<olna u.e TinhKH qepe3 MOJIO.D.i JiiTa. KopoJib, 6y.n.yqH si.n; npHpo.n.H MHJIOCTHBHM, Bl.IHHHB MHJIOCTHBHH .n;eKpeT i qepe3 Kpai<iBCbi<oro KalliTeJI.SIHa RHa TapHOBChKoro HaKaJaB OfOJIOCHTH 3BHHfBa'leHiH CTOpOHi, .SIKOI6 cysopoi KapH 3aCJIY>KHB 0JieCHHU,bKHH, KOJIH 6 KOpOJib XOTiB .n;oTpHMfBaTHC.SI npasa. An.e KOpOJib BH.SIBJI.SI€ CBO€ MHJIOCep.D;.SI.ll.JI.H TOfO, I.Q06 TOH 6iJibWe He HaBa>KHBC.SI nopymysaTH aai<oH, a CrnHKapa reTh si.Manus si.n. ce6e. ,no.n.aHo u Te, 11.\0 KOJIH XTO"He6y.n.&, 'IH 'IOJIOBiK, 'IH .>KiHKa, HaBa>KHTbC.SI nopywysaTH y ~bOMf 3aKOH,

171

!Tloem

Pei1

KHHfA I TO KOpOJib HaKa)f(e TaKOfO KapaTH CTapocTaM 3ri,nHO 3i CTaryTOM. TaK i 6yJio Bt.IMHeHo 3BHHysat.reHOIO cTopoHOIO, 6yJio BHrHaHo CTaHKapa, .HKMM, He MaiOt.rH y)l(e MiCQR B IloJihi.Ui, BHixan .no KpyneBQR, TaM HaTpanMB Ha OcRH.npa

(Osiandra),

tJOJIOBiKa 3 iHmoi ceKTH, KOTpHil 6yn y cpanopi KHR3R. He

B 3M03i iloMy npoTM,ni.HTM, MYCMB i 3Bi)J.TH TiKaTH. IlicJIR CTaHKapa Qi notJaTKH He npMnHHHJIHCb, 6o KCbOH)J.3 Mapl'(iH Kposil'(hKMM, KOTpHii 6ys flHCapeM npM6yTKiB KpaKiBCbKOrO B0€80)1.11 KMHTM, B3.SIB co6i B )J(ypoBHQRX, ceJii CTaHicJiasa O)f(exoncbKOro, 3a .ll.PY)f(HHY Mar)J.aJieHy Ilo6i)J.3iHchKY· TiKaiOtiM 3 HeiO si)J. KpaKiBChKoro enMcKona, niH B)J.aBcR Ha IlEHqos. :J{ai1c8.suniwi

uapu th\pMa iJi81(fl

Y [(eM qac TpanMJIOCR 11 TaKe, mo y Ka ,AopoTa Jla30U:bKa, Ha BeJIMK.l(eHb

CTHpi, B3RBllil1 )1.0 yeT TiJIO fOCllO)J.H€, perJIH: soH a

)1(,

Coxaqyni O)J.Ha )J.iBKa, n6ora 3eM'.HH-

136) y )J.OMiHiKaHCbKOMY MOHaXOTiJia MOfO BKpaCTM, Me Ji CllOCTe(c.

3aBHHYBlliH n xycTHH}' TiJio focno)J.H€, npMHecna EBpeHM i iM

npO)J.aJia 3a rpomi. KOJIH I.'(e BHRBMJIOCR, TO BOHa 6yJia CTpatieHa, a KiJibKOX €BpeiB CllaJIMJIM. !Tem~>.MaH

Poey

1566 JII06JiiHChKMM

KamTeJI.HH i KopoHHHM reTbMaH <l>Jiopi.HH 3e-

3e6xu· iJo8c1>'1(UU 6)1(M)J.OBChKMM, KOMaH)J.YJOqM KOpOHHMM BiMCbKOM, .SIKOrO TO)J.i Ha KOp)J.OHi .91ewHbO· 6yJIO He 6iJihllie )J.eC.HTM THCRll, 3axsopiB, flOCTaBHB Ha CBO€ MiCI.'(e tiHpCbKQ8o111>CI11QJU-

I(£J.Man()y6a-z 'I(SJpo11i8cz,l\fJZO 8iUcbl(!l

fO KalliTeJI.HHa CTaHicJiana JlemHhOBOJibCbKoro 3 06op rep6a «Il€)l(XaJia». l.J.eM CTO.SIB TO)J.i Ha MOCKOBCbKOMY KOp.ll.OHi 3 niBTOpa THC.HllaMM BO.HKiB Ta noHa)J. .uec.HTKOM noJibOBMX rapMaToK./

(c.

137) BiH oTpHMan )J.OCTosipHi

Bi)J.OMOCTi npo MOCKOBCbKe BiMCbKO, KOTporo 6yJio ni,n MOCKOBCbKMM 3aMKOM HesJieM copoK TMOiti i RKHM KoMaH)J.ysan Kyp6cbKMM

(Krupski). Jlern-

HbOBOJibChKMM, ni)J.iMWOBWM6JIH3bKO, HaKa3aB p03llaJIHTM6araTO BOfHMI.U i eTas Ha )J.OCHTb yKpinJieHoMy Micu:i, MaiO tiM 3 )J.BOX 6oKiB si)J. ce6e so.zzy. BiH 9.foci(SJ8umi8

poJ6umo

BHlliMKyBaB BiMCbKO, llOCTaBHB rapMaTH i 3aB'.H3aB 6HTBY 3 BOpOfOM, .HKa TpHsaJia 3 paHey .ll.O neqopa. B)l(e MOCKOBHTM notiaJIH 6yn11 n e peMaraTH, aJie BpelliTi llOJie 6HTBI1 3aJII1lliHJIOCH 3a HaWHM11,

MOCKOBHTM 6yJIM po36MTi.

Ha llOJii 6HTBI1 JI.SifJIHTpynoM n'.SITHa)J.U:.SITb THC.SI\I MOCKOBHTiB, KpiM THX, KOTpi BTOTIHJIHC.SI, i THX, KOTpHX 6yno B6HTO ni)J. qac llOfOHi. H alllHX JafH· Hyno .ll.y)l(e MaJIO, Hai13HatiHiUIHMH cepeJJ. HHX 6y;m OnecHHU:hKMM Ta '-IM)l(OBCbKMM. TaK focnOJJ.b Gor no cnoll1 MHJIOCTi 3BOJII1B .n.aTH Hei1MonipHy nepeMOry HaiiJHM y 611TBi. l.JOMY H CaMi MOCKODHTH He MOfJIM HaJl.HBynaTHC.SI, a KOJ111 .n.pyrHH MOCKOBCbKHl-i reTbMaH 3BHHynaTHD Kyp6ChKOfO, BKaJy10\IH i1oMy HaTe, 111.0 niH MapHo nporpan ~IO 61-1Tsy, Kyp6cbKI1II, 6y.n.yq11 nopaHeHMM, noi<aJas i1oMy Ha HaWI1X Ji cnonaMH: «BoHH I.Ue TYT €, i1.n.H llO)J,HBHCh, MO)l(e, T06i 110U~aCTI1Tb 6iJibWe, Hi)l< MeHi, a .H D.ll.pyre B)l(e He xoqy npo6ynaTI1, MeHi BOHH B)l(e )J.aJII101133HaKH». l.Jepe3 I~e, 60.SiliHCb, I.U06 I..(eM reTbMaH He 3D~tmynaTMB iloro nepeJJ. nem1KHM KHH3eM, Kyp6cbKHI1 BTiK )J.O HalliMX, I<oponb noTiM )J.aB i1oMy KoneJibCbi<I1lt3aMOK Ta iHwi MaETHOCTi. He

Vo6pi pom.Micmpu 6azamo lhuuUJiu J

'EOJtCOIO

no.Mi'l'liO

f0)1.11TbC.SI Melfi npOMOBtiaTH

H npO Te,

ll.\0, KpiM JleUIHbODOJibCbKOJ'O, TaM

6yno n~e KiJihKa .n.o6pHx pOTMiCTpin, .SIK-OT: CTaHiCJiaB 3aMorrcbKlll1,

nanJIO

CeQHrHhOBCbKHM, CeH.RDCI>KHM, IloTOLlhKHH, JIH 36oponcbKllli, OnecHHQhKHM, EeJib/I.OBCbKHi1. ll.I.onpan.n;a, ni< 6yJio 3ra.u.aHo DHUle, OJieCIHIQbKm'i

172

J{ll 11 r A I

.n.osis csoro MY)f(HicTb i 6e3cMepTHY si1.1Hy CJiasy cso€10 3arw6eJIJno Ha noJii 6MTBM. BiH y)f(e pa.n.i€ 3 He6ecHMM pwl.(apcTBOM s CioHCbKMX noJIKax, xnaJIMTb csoro Eora Tnopl.(.H. A Eory xai1 6y.n.e no.n..HKa ni.n. KO)f(Horo 3 Hac 3a .u:ro HeHMOBipHy 3BMT.Hry Ha)J, noporoM. OicJI.H <f>JiopiHHa 3e6)1(M.lJ.OBChKoro reTbMaHoM eTas CTaHiCJias JiemHbOBOJibCbKMi1. A nicJI.H Hboro- CTaHicJian I..:(iKOBCbKHH rep6a «Pa.n.naH». OcTaHHiH s.n.epc.H .n.o MocKonii, np11i1mon ni.n. CMoJieHChK, cnaJIHB nepe.n.MiCT.H, po3rpOMHB 1.JMMaJIO MOCKOBHTiB, Ha6paa nOJIOHeHMX i pymMB noTiM

CmanicJia6 'ljll(98ct.I@U

.n.o CinepcbKOi 3eMJii, .n.e cnaJIMB 1.JMMaJIO BOJIOCTeii, po36HB 6araTo BiMCbKa

Mocl(96i10

i B3.HB y nOJIOH. lloTiM BiH niiiiOB ni.n. MOCKOBCbKHM 3aMOK KpacHoropO.lJ.OK, BOfHeM i Me1.JeM 3aB)J,aB BeJIHKOI IIIKO)J,H. Y .QeH 1.1ac )J,O HbOfO HallHCaB naH BiTe6Cbi<MH BO€BO.n.a CTaHiCJiaB nal.(, npoC..H1.JI1 npo .n.onoMory i Ka)f()"'l1, I.l.\0

173

nJIIoniJpye

KHMrA I CTO THcsrq MOCKOBHTis M.l(e ni.n BiTe6cbK 3 HaMipoM H:oro 3axonMTM

i Ma-

IOTb cTo rapMaT. To,zd MeHe 3 n'.SIThMa coTH.SIMH BO.SIKis, Ha.l( KOTPHMM .R 6ys KanhaHOM, si.nnpanHJIH Ha .nonoMory soeso.ni. CaM iKe (UiKOBChKHM) 'UIMaJIO 3.l(iucHHB pul_\apcbKHX cnpas y MocKosii iII (c. 138) .ny.IKe 6araTo MOCKOBHTiB, OC06JIHBO BO€BO.l(, Bi.l(CMJiaB KOpOJieBi MOfO MOCTi. <l>iJIOH JKe KMHipi.JioH 'J\!.Iuma

Ta CllaJIHB 3aMOK IJoqen i 3pyiiH)'BaB MiCTO, ,l(e Hami B3.SIJIH ,no6py 3.l(06Htl,

n.IIIOH i}p!Jf-

3axOnHBWH TfpeUbKi KapaBaHH; TaKO.IK BOHH CllJIIOH.l(pynanH Bci BOJIOCTi aJK

9tfoc1(96il0

}.{O CTapo.ny6a. Hes.nos3i nicJI.SI Uboro MMKOJiau TanbBOlll po36MB lliBe.l(cbKe siiicbKO

9llaJt1>80Ul po;6u6 Ul6tai6

6iJI.SI ceJia KipeMwe i rpoMHB i1oro a.IK .no PeseJI.SI, npusis KopoJIIO .no BiJibHa tiOTl1pMCTa TIOJIOHeHMX i3 BOrHenaJibHOIO 36p0€10, npanopaMM M6apa6aHaMH.

Co.Uij~>IIJlu M!fJIC

'lucmuu

Y uii1 6MTBi 6yn 3 HMM TaKO)K MuKoJiai1 CoJieQhKHM, .SIKMH nepwuM 3i

CB0€10 poToiO BCTfTIHB y 6iii: KopoJib .nas uoMy 3a 1.\e KiJihKa.nec.RT BOJIOK y )l(M)'.ni. Uboro )I( poKy TaTapH B no,n:iJIJii " Pyci nonycTOlliMJIH 6araTO ciJI Ta MicTe'IOK, TaKO)I( i MOJI.l(aBaHM B IJoeyTTi B'IHHHJIH BeJIHKi WKO)J.H. PychKMM

9llamapu 8!!ToWI.ni CeH.ll6ct>1(9ZO o6JlO:JICtHO ~OJOI(Jl

n/IIOHiJpy· 10mb

Moc1(96il0

BOEBO.l(a i reTbMaH CeH.SIBCbKHM 6yn o6Jio)l(eHHM TaTapaMH y Me.nJKH60)Ki. BoHH WT}'PM}'Ba.JIH i1oro seJIHKHMH CHJiaMH, o.u.HaK siH o6opoHHBC.SI si)J.HRX, i BOHH spewTi MycRJIH si.l(CTfllMTH. TaKo.IK i JIHTOBChKi K03aKH Ha qoJii 3i csoiM BO)K.l(eM EipyJieiO (Birulct) XO.l(HJIH To.ni .no MocKosii i nosepH)'JIHC.R 3BUTH 3 tiHMaJIOIO 3.l(06Hqq1Q, BoHH )K noTiM po3rpoMMJIH Ha CHTHi (Sytnie) TpHCTa MOCKOBHTiB, B3.SIJIH KiJibKa rapMaTOK i CTO raKiBHHl\b, 3HatiHY

6i.Jul KiJibKiCTb nopoxy 3 KfJI.SIMR. Hawi B3.SIJIM TaKO)K y MOCKOBCbKOfO KH.SI3.SI 3a-

CumHa

M0t{OK b6opCbK (Zborsk), W:O CTO.SIB Heno.n:a.JiiK IJeqep, ane MOCKOBCbKMH KH.R3b 3HOBY HHM OBOJIO)J.iB i BO.RKiB, KOTpi TaM 6yJIH, KHHYB )1.0 s'.SI3HHQi. Cepe.n: iHIIlHX siH B3.RB y no.noH IleTpa Ka311MHpCbKoro Ei6epii1TeHa, KOTporo (KOJIH TOH iioMy noKJI.SIBC.SI nosepHYTMCSI) noc.nan .n:o Kopo.nSI .n:JISI o6MiHy nonoHeHHMH. BiH TaK i Bt{HHHB, .U.OTpHMas csoro c.nosa i nosepHysca, SIK o6il\SIB, ):(0 MOCKOBCbKOfO KHSI3SI.

Uboro )I( 1566 poKy, 20 t~epsHa, Hapo.U.HBCSI IllBe.l(CbKHM Kopo.neBMti 1(9pOJZtiJu'l CMriaMyH.l(, Ham HHHimHii1 naH. A TO.U.i iioro 6aTbKO, cpiHJI.SIH.U.CbKHH KH.SI3b, CuziJM!JHD CH.l(iB y s '.SI3HHUi y csoro 6paTa EpiKa. CuriaMyH.n: 6ys oxpell\eHHH .l(Ba,li.QSITb

!Jlapoau8c.R

Ul8WCI>I(Uu

'DtM6iHCI>I(JJU

nJZIOHi>pye

Mocl(p8il0

.l(eB'SITOfO t{HCJia UbOfO JK MiC.RU:.SI y fpuccpeJieH,l(CbKOMY 3aMKy. Uhoro JK qacy )J.eM6iHCbKHM rep6a «PanHq» , 6y.nyq11 KOMaH.nysatieM Ha PoM6epey, }(OKiHt.JHB po3rpoM MOCKOBHTiB ni.l( fa.l(36eM (Hadzbem), CTiaJIHB y MOCKOBCbKoro KH513.R PaKo6op i Acpcpe.niH. I noTiM niH TaM )Ke B IH<l)JI.SIH.U.il apo611s }(OCMTh 6araTo noc.nyr Pet.~i Ilocnom1Tiif. )J.iiicHo, Qei1 pi.u. y KpaKis-

CbKOMY BOEBO.U.CTBI pa.n:01o, My.n:piCTJO, MY)f(HlCTJO, Ill.aCTSIM, CJianoJO Ill.\e.U.picTJO, 3a SIKMMH CTOITb Eo)Ke 6JiarocJioseHHSI, .u.y)Ke o6.u.aposaHm1 focno.n:oM Eo roM. focno.u.11 Eo)Ke, 3BOJib li npHMHo)KyBaTH Ta nowHpiOnaTH no Csoii'I MHJIOCTi, SIK noqas, a)K ,1:\0 KiHQSI csiry. PoKy 1567 KHSI3b PoMaH CaHrywKo, pi.n .SIKoro, .RK i qopTOpHHCbKHX, PoMau M}(e si.n JIJ06apTa fe.n:HMiHoswqa i Ma€ rep6 «IloroH.SI», 6ys TO)J.i noJibHMM CauzyUliCP reTI>MaHoM BeJIHKOro KH.R3iBCTBa JIHTOBCbKoro. ,ll.icTanwH JJ.OCTOBipHy lpOMUfflb

Afoc1(96umi6

Bill.OMicTb

(c. 139) ni)J. wnHryHiB npo MOCKOBCbKe nHkbKO, )J.e 6y.no )J.O-

174

KHMrA I CHTb i TaTap, BI-tcTyni1B npoTn HHX 3 l.JamHHK 20 JIMllHH. BiH Mas TaKe nii1chKO: 200 KiHHI1X Xo~KCB11'·Ia, 200- KocTHHTHHa BHwHenc~bKoro, 200&Ki 3eHosw-ta, 400 - 51Hywa 36apa3bKoro, 150 - TuwKcBHqa. Y caMoro KHH3SI PoMaHa 6yno 200 KiHHHx. Tiimi poTMicTpM Pycet(bKHH i ,l(MMiTposCbKHif MaJIH 400 niXOTH, a K03aKiB 6yno 150. ~eif KHH3b, Hecno_nisaHO ni.ZJ.crynHBUII-i.UO soporis y Hi'l 3 'leTsepra Ha n 'SITHHQIO, cno'laTK}' po36HB COTHIO KiHHOi sapTH, a DOTiM Ha CBiTaHKY IIIBH.ZJ.KO B.ZJ.apHB Ha DiRCbKO i, po3KH.l{aBWH 3aropo)Ky (?), B,napMB Ha HHX. To,l{i BiH HarOJIOBY po36HB ~e MOCKOBCbKe i1 TaTapcbKe siiichKO, He ,naniiiM iM po3.UMBHTMCSI, 3axon11s 'lHMa-

'.Moci({J8umu i mamapu po;6umi

Jio DOJIOJieHHX, niCJIH '10f0 B3.HB i ixHiif Ta6ip, ,Ae HaWi B3MM BeJIHKY 3)J.06H'1 sHacni.n.oK uiEi 6MTDH. feTbMaH TieTpo Cepe6p.HHMM 6yn nopaHeHMH i Jie.ll.se BTiK, TaTapCbKMH reTbMaH AMypaT 6ys y6MTHH, a KH.H3b BacHJib naneQbKMR B3.RTMH y noJIOH, ane noMep Bi.ZJ. paH. HaiiiMX )Ke noJI.HrJio TiJihKM .ZJ.BaHa.ZJ.QSITb, a nopaHeHHX 6yno TPH.UQ.HTb. MocKOBHTiB >Ke 3 BOCbMM TMC.H'l MaJIO XTO BTiK.

Y QeH 'laC C€pa_n3bKI1H BO€BO,Aa AJ1b6peXT JlaCbKMJi po3rpOMMB TaTap

.9lacbi(.Uu

n~ 0'1aKOBMM TaK, ll.(O TaTapM TiKaJIH a>K Ha Mope. Haiiii 3axonMJIM TaM

ni.U O'uu(pDu.M

6araTO 3)J.06Mqi, aJie KOpHCTi 3 QbOfO IM He 6yJIO, 60 BOHH DOTiM Jie,ABe BTeKJIH, OCKiJibKH IXHi KOHi 6yJIM BTOMJieHi, a TaTapM, HaraHSIIO'lH 3 THJIY, 6e3nepeCTaHKY aTaK}'BaJIH, Hacwry lx Hawi si.n.6HJIM, si.n.cTpiJIIOIO'lHCb. l.I;boro it< poK}', 12 rpy,nH.R, Hawa nixoTa, BHHWOBWM3 BiTe6cbKa, po36Mna Di.ZJ. BeJii>KeM 3HaqHy KiJihKiCTb MOCKOBMTiB, a iHWi, BTiKal0'1113i CTpaxy, BTODHJIHCH y ,l{siHi. .Usa 3Ha'IHHX CHHa 6oHpCbKMX - OneKciii CHMi'IOB i 6or,AaH fpHropii1 (Bohdan Hrehory) pa30M 3 6araThMa iHWHMH 6oRp'1HKaMH 6ym1 B3HTi y noJIOH i Bi.ZJ.icJiaHi KopoJIIO ,no BiJibHa.

'.Mocl(.o0umi8 po;6umo ni.U 'Bt.ll i-

PoKY 1568 Koponh CnrbM}'H.ZJ. AnrycT, nepenncaswn BiHCbKO ,no6ipHHX BOHKiB 'lHCeJibHicTIO DOHa,n CTO T:HCH'I 3 rapMaTaM:H i BciJIHKHM pHWryHKOM, Heo6xi.ZJ.HHM ,no BiHHH, 3a.ZJ.YMaB BJiacHoro nepcoHoro HTH Ha MocKosiro 3 seJI:MK:HMH cHJiaMH i nory>KHOIO nepesaroro. Tip:HiimoswH ni.n. Pa,noiiiKOBiue, 3a 24 MHJii si.n. BiJibHa, eTas Ta6opoM i nposis TaM .ZJ.Ba 'IH TPH TH)KHi, 6o noqys, 1.1.\0 ni.ZJ. qac i1oro Bi.li.CfTHOCTi ll.(OCh TpanMJIOCb y liHTBi, TOMY llOBepHysCH CaM .ZJ.O fpO.ZJ.Ha, a HaHMaHe BiMCbKO KiHHHX Ta niWHX )KQBHipiB 3 BeJIHKHMM llOTY*HHMH rapMaTaMH 3aJIHWHB. feTbMaHOM Hel,A HHM BiH nocTaBHB )KM}'.lJ.CbKOro crapo cry, seJibMO)KHoro naHa JIHa Xo,n;Kesnqa, M)')Ka .ZJ.OCBi.ZJ.'leHoro B pMuapcbKHX cnpasax i .ZJ.o6pe 3aCJI}')KeHoro y siliaax xpHcTHHHCbKHX iMnepaTopis, i noCJiaB iioro Ha 3.lJ.06ysaHHJI Yn11, noTY*Horo 3aMK}' B MOCKOBCbKHX 3eMJI.Hx. I xoqa aawi .ZJ.OCHTb M}?KHhO ii DOT}')KHO urrypMfBaJIM 3aMOK, ane 6e3ycnimHo, TOM}' MYCHJIH I I (c. 140) Bi.ZJ.CryDHTH, 6o BeJIHKa CHJia MOCKOBMTiB np116yJia 3 llOJIOQbKa Ha .ZJ.OOOMOry o6JIO)KeHHM. O,nHaK nbHiiiie PoMaH CaHryiiiKO KomHpcbKHH, Hecno.n;isaHo B.ZJ.apHBIIIH, B3.RB 3aMoK, norpa6ysas Ta cnanns. A ue CTaJIOCH Ha .ZJ.pyrHif ,AeHL niCJIH.ZJ.HSI CB. MapuiHa TaKHM '1HHOM. HacaMnepe.n. sia si.ZJ.npaBHB ni.n; 3aMOK K03aKiB Ha 'lOBHax, a caM, cTaswn 3 siiichKOM 3 6oKy lloJIOQbKa ii Typosni, nocJiaB }'HO'li Ha WT}'PM nixoTHHX poTMicrpis Pa'IKOBCLKoro i TapHaBCLKoro, JIIO.li.H SIKHX MaJIH .ZJ.pa6HHH, ~o6 BH.lJ.HpaTHCSI no HHX Ha cTiHH. Koaa.KH )K 3 BipyJiero,

175

31C~

9(opollb 6iJIJL

PaiJowi({JDiljll

rll4 o6.110xena

KHMrA I

MHHhKOM Ta OcKHpKoM (lskerka) 3axonHJIH Ha3eMHY 'llaCTHH)', .Apyri noqaJIH py6aTH 6paMH H <Popn1, a TpeTi 3anaJIHJII1 3aMOK, CKOpHCTaBillHCb THM, ~0 MOCKOBHTH Ha pa,Ao~ax Bi,A npMXO,ll;)' HOBOnpH6)'JI11X CTpiJibQiB nepenHJIHC51. Kon11 11< noTiM BOHI1 no"4:aJIH py6aTHCH 3 HarnHMH B 6paMax 3anaJieHoro 3aMK)', To poTMicTp Mmmnai1 Co;1ory6 ·ry-r JKe, He rnyKai0"4:H 6po.ny, ¢opcynan

Yny 3 yci€10

CB0€10 poToiO i .n;onoMir nixoTi, KOTpa no .n;pa6HHax Jii3na

Ha <PopTet.IHi 3)'6IJ,i H py6aJiaC.R B 6paMaX 3 MOCKOBHTaMM. 0oTiM, KOJIH BJKe 3aMoK nanan, caM KH.R3b PoMaH nocnan cao10 poTy i poTMicTpia Boi1Hy, ?(H.RJI> Po.MaH

'l(owupcr. · 'I(UU 6Jfl6 'YII!J

PoTTI).ricmp 13tHem y6umui1

THwi<eBHt.Ia i KH.R3H JlyKoMCbi<oro. BoHH JK noTyJKHHM y.AapoM po3rpoMHJIH MOCKOBHTin, ~o anepTo 6opoHHJIHC.R y norni, i B3.RJIH 3aMoi<. TaM 6inhrna qacTHHa MOCI<OBHTiB TIOJIHrJia B 6010, .Apyra t.IaCTIIHa 3ropina, a Tpenl ni.A qac nTet.Ii BTOTII1JiaCh y piKax ,ll,niHi Ta Y Jii, w.o Tet.~yTh ni.n; MiCTOM Y na. To.Ai MaJIO MOCKOBHTiB 3aJII1llll1JIOC.R B JI<IIBI1X. Hawi l33.RJIII y llOJIOH .ABOX BO€BO.A Benu5tMiHOIH1X i TPI1CTa 3Hat.Illi1X oci6, niciMCOT cTpinbQin 3 pyrnm1QHMH. 3aMOK xoq i 3ropin, aJie iloro Harni noTiM ni.D.6y.u.ynann. Y Haw11x 6yno KiJILKOX nopaHeHo I I (c. 141), BOHII B3.RJm ae;mi<y 3.U.o6uq, y TOM)' qucni .u.opori maTH, BCJIHK)' KiJILI<iCTh.AeHer i piJHHx nepnin. TaM 3axonwm KiJibKa rapMaT Ta iHlll)' norHenaJihH)' 36p01o, t.II1Ma.no 3Haiimnu uopoxy i .R.D.ep, aJie 6iJihLUa qacTMBa nponiaH-ry 3ropina. Y ttiil nepmi1l 611Tni ni.n YJIOIO ni)l. qac nOT)':>KHoro lllT)'PMY M11Konai'1 BeueT 3 JlenJIH, cnaBHiflt nixoTHHJt poTMiC1·p, M)':>KHhO BI1KOII)'IO'-Il1 CBOI pm~apCbKi o6on 'fl31<1f, 6) B nopaHeHllii MyniKeTHOIO KyneiD nnacni;loK noerpiJI)' i3 3aMI<y. BiH, npoJiemanmn TliJKll.CHh y BiTe6ci>K)', noMep. 5I TaM Te:>K 6yn 3i cno€1<> nixoTOIO, 6opomm rapMaTH Bill MOCI<OBHTiB, I<OTpi TIOC)'H)'Jilf iJ 3aMI<)' npOCTO Ha HaC i 3Bi)l.YCi..''1b

176

KHHrA I HaC OTO'lllllll. ny,ny'll1 y TaKiM TSDKKill CJrryaQil M OTpHMaBUH1 KillhKa paH, ne.nae J noMi 1·P no BmKoiO saiimon 3 Hei, ni.n6MnaiO'IHCb. Uhoro .>K 1569 pm<y, .UH.R n'.HToro ci1.1H.H, Hawa nixoTa BHOl.Ji BHiimna 3 BiTe6ci>Ka i , Hecno.ninaHo HanaswH, cnaJIHJia MOCKOBChi<e MiCTO BeniJK, y61111a TpucTa so poria i BJ.HJia seJIHI<)' 3,no6H'l. noTiM , .UH.H 17 Ci\l H.H, Ta .>K Hawa nixoTa 3 BiTe6CbKa, 3JiaMaBWJ1 napKaHM ni.n MOCKOBCbKHM 3aMKOM Ycs.SIT, 3allaJIHJia MicTo. B6MBWM 6araTo MOCKOBHTiB, BOHa BJ.SIJia l.{I1Ma.JIY 3,7J.06Hq: maT, ,neHer i piJHOI BOrHellaJibHOI 36pol, ne;~se He 3axonHJia caMoro JaMKy, aJie, no6aq.wswH ni.n.KpinJieHH.H MOCKOBHTaM, HaWi Bi,ncryn:HJU1. Ha .n.pynu1.n.eHb, 18 ci"l!H.H, HHJOBHH KOJai< Eipyn.n i3 .n.ecnTKOM csoro TOsap11CTBa, lll}'KaiOqH 3,U06Hqi (QHX K03ai<iB iTaJiiMQi 3BYTb I<OpcapaMH, HiMQi<!Jpal16iTepaMH, a pycb Ta IlOJI.HKH- K03aKaMH), HeBi,UOMO 3Bi,l].KH s,napwm Ha MOCKOBCbi<MM llOJJI<, ni,n npanopoM .HI<OfO 6yJia COTII.H BO.HidB. l.(eM .n.ec.HTOI< K03ai<iB ruas MOCKOBHTiB aJK.l(O caMOI oi.Jioi, py6aiOqH, 6'10q11, xanaiO'IH i s'.SI.>KY'IH. EipyJI.H B3.HB seJIMI<)' 3.l\06M'-I i np116ys .l\O BiTe6cbKa 3 n onoHeHMMH; IKHayqH TaM 3 HaMH, BiH '-laCTO po611s BI1Jla3KH npOTH MOCKOBCbKOfO BiMCbKa. IJ;horo IK poKy, MiC.HQst cit.IH.H 28 .l\H.H, Hawa nixoTa s.wi:fnma 3 BiTe6chKa i Cypa.>Ka pa30M 3 KiHHHM pHqapcTBOM siTe6cbKOro BO€BO.D.H, seJihMO.>KHOro naua TiaQa, i nonaJIHJia .n.osKoJia Beni)l(a. 13 Qboro 3aMKY poTMicTp 3i CBOIMH ,ABOp.SIHaMH 3,AiMCHHB BHJJa31<)' npOTH HalllHX, ni,nHSJBlllH CHJibHHM KpHI<. Hallli tioro s6HnH, a tioro sil1chKO po3rpoMHJIH. To.ni 3arHHfJIO .no TPH.UQRTH uaiisiDK.JmBilliMX .l\BOp.HH, TpHcTa nixoTHHQis, KOTpi npHi1IIIJIH Ha .l(OilOMOry QHM IKe BeJiiJKI.:(HM; i HWi IK HK MyxH p03CiHJIHCb 110 pi3HHX Mi CQRX. To,zxi 3axonHJIH.D.O 80 nonoueHHX, cepe.n stKMX 6yno .nsa Hai1ronosuillJHx: JsaH fonosiu i M.wxaiJI, ni,l\l.lam.wii caMoro seJIHI<oro KH.SI3H, scix ix np11senH .no BiTe6chKa. I..l;horo JK pol<)', .l\HH 27 Tpasun:, s .neub Bo3ueciHHH uamoro focno.na, uawi npHHliiJIH 3 Moci<osii 3 seJIHKOIO 3.U06H"llt.IIO Ta uarpa6osaHHM, npH-

'Bmix

cnaJieno

<ydhzm nozpa6o8ano

JfuJo8uu I(!JJOI(

J oec.Rmb.Ma

l(pJal(a.Mu pog6ue 100 MOCI(!J-

1Jumi8

JfaULi Jana'lJeJiix

llUAU

i 66UJIU LtnbOZO

pomMicmpa 'BJ!lmo y no/lOH ~OilOBiHa

i niMaiUCZO Mcci(!J6cb1(JJ-

zo I(HJI;pl

sem-t I I (c. 142) poTMicTpa 3 .npyJKHHOIO, ciM CHRis 6oHpCbKHX 3 6araThMa 1HIIII1MM llOJIOHeHHMHlliJIHXTMl.{aMH. [(hOfO IK pOI<)', 29 cepnHH, Hami siTe6ChKi /KOBHipH CllaJIHJIM MicTO ni.l{ YcsRTCbKMM 3aMKOM i, o6T.HJKeui 3,no6Ht.It.IIO Ta noJioReHHMH, nosepuyJinCR .no MicTa. A Tai<wx BHJia30K 6e3 l.IHCJia Hawa siTe6cbi<a nixoTa nocTii1Ho, B,l(eHb i BHOl.Ji, t.IMHHJia 3 BeJIHKOIO lliKO,AOIO ,AJI.H BOpora, a 3 KOpHCTIO ,AJIH uamMX, 6o BOHH 3aa>K,ZJ,H npliHOCHJIIi t.{MMaJIY 3,ZX06Hq. He 3ra.zzyro npo iHmi 6JIIi3bKi KpaiHH Ta cyci,nHi nposiHI.:(ii M OKOJIHI.:(i, a TiJibKH Te, ~0 .l{i.HJIOCJI y I.:(bOMJ 3aMI<)', ,ne R CaM 6ys KaniTaHOM. BMI.I.(e3ra.n.auoro pol<)' 1568, 29 sepecu.H, s .neub cs. apxicTpaTHra MHXai- MOQ(98umu 1 HCzaikt~· • t • • " Jia, B Hit.{ 3 t.{eTBepra Ha 11 .HTHHI.:(IO, WlCTb TiiC.Slt.{ MOCKOBHTIB 3 op,noiO HOraHCb- IQl.Mu mamaKHX rnrnp npHi1IIIJIO ni.n BiTe6cbK, a HMMH KOMau.zzysanM TPH uai1ronosuimHx pa.Mu BO€BO.UH -lllepeMeT€B, BacHJiii:f Byrypniu i fp11ropi i1 Ca6ypos (Szoborow) . Boun nposeJIH ni.n JaMKOM .nsa .nui, 3ananHJIH MicTo 3 ,zxsox 6oKiB, a 6aqaq11, ~o ue MO>t<yrb Hi"liHM i1oMY 3ami<O.zlHTH, si.l{ii:fnum ua Tperi:H ,zxeub. lloriM 110JibCbKHHKOpOJib i BeJIHKHH KH.Sl3b MOCKOBCbKHH '1epe3 JieraTiB Ta reuepanbHHX noCJiia YKJiaTIH MilK co6oro nepeMHp'st TepMiHOM Ha Tpn poKH.

177

OmotUJlU 'Bi~6c.bl(

KHlffA I .Pl106Ja~,.

I(Jli1 ceil.M 1569 POI\JI

PoKy 1569 6yn BaJibHMH ceiiM B Jho6niHi, Ha JIKHH npuixas Kap.n;uHan fo3iH i nancbKHH JieraT BiHI.(eHTiii IlopTiK}'c. nocJIH si.n; iMnepaTopa MaK-

CHMiniaHa i Bi.zl wne.n;cbi<oro KopOJISI IOxaHa, KopoJiiscbKoro IllBarpa, nosi.n;oMJISI10'1M, JIK .Horo (IOxaHa) nicm1 Tpusanoro ys'.H3HeHHSI 6paTOM EpiKOM focno,nh Bor 3BOJIMB noca.n;MTM Ha ume,l{CbKOMY npecTOJii. Eynu TaKOJK llOCJIM Bi,l{ fiOMOpCbKMX KHJI3iB i Bi,l{ T}'pe~bKOfO cyJITaHa, TaKOJK MOCKOBCbKHH roHe~b. TaKoJK JierHH~bKI1H KHSI3b np11ixan noTiM i si.D;AaB KopoJIIO JIK ,n;aHMHY ):{BOX MOJIO.l{MX JieBiB. YK~ Ha ~boMy cei1Mi aasepwHJiac.H KaniTaJibHa yHiH, a6o 3'E,llHaHHSI BeJIHyiQZMeHa Koro KH.H3iBCTBa JlMTOBcbKoro 3 KopoHoiO IloJibCbKOIO. IlpH ~bOMY 6yJio 'iJOJlUHb, !TfwiUI wut.R oco6JIHBO 3acTepeJKeHo JlHTOBcbKOM}' KH.HJiscTsy, ~o6 BoJIMHb, Ili.n;JI.Hllli ?(ui6 lllSI i KHiBCbKe BOEBO.l{CTBO 6ym1 Hani"'HO npHE.l{HaHi .l{O KopoHH . .lJ:ocHTb npueiht.aHi . . . 00 1\ppOHU ,l{OBfO npOTMBHJIMCSI ~hOM)' JlMTOBCbKl naHOBe, BpelllTl llOfO.ZJ;MJIMCb 13 QMM. TaM JKe KHJI3b PoMaH nicJI.H B3SITT.H YJIM MOCKOBCbKMX noJioHeHMX Ta rapMaTH np11sis i BiMaB Kopomo. Y ~ei1 iKe "'ac y KpaKoBi 6yJJo cnaneHo €BpeSI Ha ni.n;CTaBi llMCbMOBMX ,l{OKa3iB, 60 BiH 6araTO fOBOpHB npOTH XpHCTM.SIHCbKOI nip11, 6JII03HipcTBYIO'tJM U.tO.zlO CBJITMX )lapin. [(horo JK poKy B ,!4eHh en. BiTaJiiJI, y TpasHi, BHnas seJIMKMH cHir, SIKMH TpHsas TPH .D.Hi, a noTiM i1oro 3HH~HJia Hesi,llnosi.n.Ha napa poKf.

(c.l43) Ili.zl ~eli qac IleTpo 36oponchKMM 3i 36oposa, nocoJI KopoHM y Typeq"'MHi, np11ixas 3Bi.D.TM 3 Bi"'HHM nepeMHp'.HM. BoHo MicTHJIO nyHKT, U.t06 o6oniJihHi KpHB.lJ.H H lllKO)l,H He 6ym1 3ra.n:yBaHi, a l.l\O.lf.O HOBHX, TO MaE 6fTH B"'HHeHa cnpaBe)l,JIHBICTh. Ywpct.IQlii [(boro iK poKy KopoJih ABrycT noMHpHB xp11CTHSIHCI.>Koro iMnepaTopa l(!)pORe6u-z no.Mupu8CJl MaKCHMiJiiaHa 3 yropCbKHM KopoJieBH'tleM .HHomeM, csoiM pi.ZJ.HMM nJieMiHJ i.Mnepa· HHKOM no cecTpi, 3 KOTPMM iMnepaTop qepe3 csoro reTbMaHa lllneH.ZJ.e mopo.M BOIOBaB TpHBaJIMH "'aC. fioTiM, 6y.ZJ.y"'H npHMHpeHi, BOHH )l,O TaKOI JII060Bi npHHlliJIM, ~o iMnepaTop nH.n:as 3a KopoJieBM"'a cno10 BHY"~Ky, KHSirHHIO KniseHCbK)'. !llomypHal( [(horo iK poKy rypel(bKM:i1 cyJITaH CeJiiM npHcJiaB .ZJ.O KopoJISI 16pariMa 'llimpac noCRo.M lllTpaca rep6a «0.ZJ.pOBOliJK», llOTyp"'eHOfO llOJISIKa, ){06HBai0"111Cb, U.t06 iJo I(!JpOIUI KopoJib nponycTHB "t.Jepea csoi 3eMJii .ZJ.O MocKosii TPH.U.~.HTb TMCSI'l.f rype~b Koro si:i1CbKa, 6o i1oMy 6yn nopo1·oM MOCKOBCbKI1M KHH3b InaH. Uboro KOpoJih KaTeropH"'HO He xoTin i1oMy .U.03BOJIMTH i B3arani xoTiB 6opoHHTHC.SI 'lllapaHo8cb · si.u. Qboro ncie10 noTyroiO, TOMY nocJian .u.o cyJITaHa cnoro .n.sopSIHHHa AHI(_UU IIOCRO.M .U.iKeSI TapaHOBCbKOro rep6a «DHJIHHa», KOTp11:H paHime TPM"'i i3.u.Im 3 noiJo mype1;51>· l(pZO C!jRCOJihC;.noM )l,O .lJ:aHil i Wseuii. Ueii TapaHOBCbK1111, BMixanwn 3 JII06JiiHa y maua siriJiiJO CBSITa 13oJKoro TiJia, u.~.>oro JK poKy ixan t.~epe3 MoJI)l,aBCl>KY 3eMJIIO, '1.1/;z;r;( '.fflapauo8- qepe3 13yKOBHHY Ha Cyqany Ta JlonymHO, np116yn )l,O KiJiii, )I.e B:>Ke MemKaCbi(!JZO UO IOTb TYPKH. 3 KiJiil niH ixan yropy Tet.~ii piKH ,ll.yHaii .AO bMaiJiy (Jazu), KOJIH 'Jllype't'tUIIU JIORJI.HTb 6iJiyry, a u.ei1 bMaiJI JieiKHTb 3a '-lOTH PH .ll.Hi IJ.u.H ni~ KiJiii; 3 bMa.iJiy .u.o MicTe"'Ka TyJI"'H, 3 TyJI"'M - ~o Ea6a.u.ary (Baby), a 3 Ea6a.u.ary nHpylllMJII1 Ha no3i JJ.O ce11a foponepJJ.H, a 3BiJI.TI1- .uo MicTe"'Ka fananaw11. EiJI.R IJ.bOJ'O MiCTC'l.fKa ll~C BMJJ.HO 3pyHHOBal-fi mum Ta MypH, KOJI11Cb rpeKJ1 6opo-

178

KHHrA I HHJUICb 3a Hl1Ml1 ni.n. HaiiiHX niiichK; .qi MYP i na.JI THniyTbCH y .n.os:>~CHHY Ha TpH.ZU.(HTb MHJib. 3ni.n.TH BOHH BHpywHJIH .no MicTel.J.Ka ITa3ap.n.)I(HKa, a noTiM )1.0 f1poBa)J.il, )J.e Ha BHCOKiH ropi CTOITb 3pyiiHOBaH11l1 rpeQbKHH 3aMOK. 3 ITpoaa.n.ii npn6y1111 .no ceJia l.(eHreii, a aai.n.TH nepeiiwJIH qepe3 .l(y)l(e BHCoKy ropy, .HKY 3BfTb EaJIKaHH, )1.0 iHIIIOro rpeQbKOro ceJia. monpaa.n.a, QIO ropy MO)I(Ha o6'ixaTH, aJie Ha u.e BHTpaTHJIH 6 .l(Ba )J.Hi.l.(H ropa )J.y)l(e BHCOKa, i qepe3 Her Ba)I(KO npoixaTH noaoM. 3 .qboro )I( ceJia- .no MicTel.J.Ka AMToe, a TaM po3XO)J.HTbC.H IIIJI.HXH .LJ.O KoHcTaHTHHonoJI.H: O)J.HH ae.n.e .l(O A,u,piaHonoJIH, a .n.pyr11ii HaBnpocTeQb, qepea .l(i6poBH Ta JiiCH, .no cJiaBHoro rpeQhKoro MicTa KHpKJiapeJii (Kerklissa), .n.e a6y.n.osaHHH TaKHM MiU.HHH !MiljnUu J aMOI( aaMOK, ~o TYPeU.bKHH cyJITaH Ea.HaeT CTO.HB nepe.n. HHM niBTopa poKy i He 'l(up1\llapt11i Mir a.n.o6yr11. BpeiiiTi caMi o6JIO)f{eHi qepea roJIO)J. BHHIIIJJH ia aaMey, KOJJH y y 7'peyii HHX 3a6paKJIO nposiaHTf, Bci B.l(apHJIH Ha Tfpe.qbKe BiHCbKO, B6HJIH 6araTO TypKiB i caMi ~HbO aarHHYJIH. floTiM TYPKH, B3HBIIIH Qeii aaMoK, Jl.06pe iioro }'KpinHJJH, 3HH~HJIM y HbOM}' sci .qepKBH, KOTpHx 6yno I I (c. 144) n '.HT,nec.HT, a B HHX nepe6ysaJio caMHX l.J.eHQiB no siciMCOT .n.yiii. TypKH aaJIHIIIHJIH TiJJbKH O)J.HY u.epKBy, .HKa 6y11a 36y)J.OBaHa KOHCTaHTHHOllOJibCbKHM iMnepaTopoM KoHcTaHTMHOM 3 caMoro MaPMYPY Ta aJie6acTpy. 3 KHpKJiapeJii ii.ne IIIJI.HX )J.aJii .no MicTel.J.Ka fiMHapxicap i .l(O MicTel.J.Ka B11cme (Wyssze), ,l(e i HHHi CTOiTb M}'pOBaHMH 3aMOK, 3pyi1HOBaHHH TfPKaMH; 6iJI.H HbOrO 6yJIH l.J.OTHpH MypH, TaKO)f{ Ba.JIH a6o pOBH, a KO)f{HHH Myp y TpH Ca)f{Hi TOBI..I.(HHOIO. 3 BHciiie (Wisse) niH npH6yn .l(O MicTel.J.Ka EiTfllbQe, KY.l(H TYPeQbKHM 1(p.llu my· pe~JI>IQJU CYJITaH i3.l(HTb Ha llOJIIOBaHH.H i TaM no KiJibKa T.H)f{HiB )I(HBe y CBO€M)' )J.BOpi. cymnaH flp11 .qbOM}' MicTel.J.ey, mo Jie)f{MTb 3a MHJIIO ni.n. KoHcTaHTHHOnOJIH, cynTaH iJUuml> Ha MAIO· MaE .lcy)f{e )J.OpOrHH Ca)J., y KOTpoMy )J.OCHTb pi3HHX llTaXiB Ta Ma.JIHX 3BipiB. IJanM 3 EiTyJII>U.e .no KoHcTaHTHHonoJIH nocoJI npHixan qoTHpHa)(.qHTOro .l(HH MicHQH JIHnHH, .l(e HK MY)f{ cMiJIHBoro cep.qx i CHJII>Horo .n.yxy, xoq i MaJIHH Ha3picT, )J.06HBaBCH Bi)J. T}'PeQbKOro cyJITaHa, mo6 TOM CBO€ BiMCbKO, KOTpe !ll[apaH06cl>· I(JJU y 'l(OH· 3a TPH )(Hi nepe.u. I..:(HM BHCTfnHJio 3 KoHCTaHTHHODOJIH, cKepysas He Ha KO- cmanmu· poJiiBCI>Ki 3eMJii, a .n.eiH.l(e. TypeQbKHH cyJITaH, 6oxqHcb U.HM o6paaHTH Ko- HOno.Jli poJIH, 3HaMlllOB iHIIIHM IIIJIHX )J.JIH CBOrO BiHCbKa, T06TO qepe3 a3iaTCbKi ny- fll[ypol( J6eptna£ CTeJii )J.O AcTpaxaui. TapaHOBCbKHM )f(HB y KoHcTaHTHHononi npoTxroM cOos qoTHpi>ox TH)f{His, a i3.l(HqH Ha nporyJIHHKH Tf.U.H-CIO,lJ,M, si,z(noqMsas. HacaM- Diitc"l\9 ao ?rfocl(96ii

nepe)J. BiH i3)J.HB )J.O faJiaTH )J.HBHTHCb Ha cyJITaHCbid rapMaTH, KOTpHX TaM 6yJio KWbKa THCH'l, He paxyiO'lH 6araTbOX iHlllHX, KOTpi Jie)KaJIH Ha 3eMJii 6e3 B03Y Ta KOJiic, a ix mopi'lHO llOCTiMHO ni)J.B03HJIH. floTiM BiH MOpeM )J.icTascx )J.O aaMKy Kapaaap, JJ.O TeMHHU.b JIKoro 'IJ'PKH Blrn)J.aiOTb 3HaTHHX xpHCTHHH. HanpoTH 1..\bOro 3aMKy CTOiTh iumH:H, KOTpH:H aneTLCJI AHa'Ij'JibKapaaap, a MopcbKa npoTOKa TaM .lzy)Ke syaLKa, KOJIH .HKHH-He6y)J.h Kopa6eJ1b XO'le npOHTH 3 .EiJioro MOp.H )J.O qOpHoro, TO Hi.HK He MO)f{e npOMHHfTH U.HX 3aMKiB. i.n.y'lH TY)J.H, TapauoscbKHH 3a:Hmon )J.O cyJITaHCbKHX noKoin (lustransow), Jl,HBHO, KOlliTOBHO i npeKpaCHO 36y)J.OBaHHX, KOTpHX € 6araTO. 0)J.HH rapHO 36y,noBaHHH 3 KHnapHCOBOfO )J.epeBa, 'lf)J.eCHO npHKpameHHH BHpi3b6JieHHMH KOWTOBHHMH KBiTaMH. )lpyrHH 36yJlOBaHHit 3 ,noporO~HHQ fO ane6aC'rpy Ta MapM}'Py, s JIKOMf e rapHa noaoJio'leHa piai>6a. Y TpeTLOM)'

179

'1J !Ta.nami C!JATTIJlH.(

bPG

zapManlu

KHIIfA I Ctwmy·

CTiHM 36y~oBaHO 3 rypeQbKOI rJIMHM, TaK 3po6JieHO, RK rypeQbKi ~36aHKM, KOTpi npMB03RTb ~o Tionbud. TaM E TaKO)K o~MH 6y~HHOK, 3po6neHMM Ji

pe~t.i\PW

CKJia, ni~ora RKoro Te>K BMKJia~eHa 3 KpacHnoro cKJia. EiJIR KO>KHoro noKOIO npeKpaCHi ¢oHTaHM, 3p06JieHi BeJIHKHM KOlliTOM, 3iJIJI.SI, .SIKi qy~eCHO fiaxH}"fb, pi3Hi llJIO~H, .SIK-oT: JIHMOHH, llOMapaHt.Ji, ¢irH, rpaHaTM, TaKO:>K OJIMBKOBi ~epena Ta iH. B o~HOMY a noKoin, mo CTOITh noH~ aHaToJiiMchKMM 6eperoM, € ~OCHTh piaHMX ani pin, i ry~u cynTaH ia,nMTb 3ap~11 poanar. CKpi3bTaM I I (c.l45) MOJKHa no6at.JHTH H~3BMt.Jai1Ho KpacHBHX cynTaHCbKHX KOHeM, Ha SIKHX Ia,lJ,HTb Bin CaM i Ti OC06H, I.UO np11 nboMy, iT. ,lJ,. !ll[apaiUJ8· TioTiM TapaHOBCbKHM, MaBIIIH 14 cepnn.SI aaKJIIOt.Jny ay,nienQiiO y cynCbi(JJU ~6 J ?(pHtmax· TaHa, lxan iHIIIHM IIIJI.SIXOM Ha MicTet.JKa KoHt.JHK, EereKt.JHK, ,ne CTOITb MiCT, muHOrtOJUl KOTpHM 6y,nyBaJIH J.UO~eHHO npOT.SifOM n'.SITH poKiB _nec.SITb THC.Sit.J ~ym. ;a mypetjb· I(!LM 8ii1cbl(p.M lloTiM BiH npHIXaB iHIIIHM lliJI.SIXOM ,no ~piaHOllOJI.SI, i Qe CTaJIOC.SI 19 t.JMC!Micm, Jia Qhoro >K MicRQ.SI. 3ni,nTH nin sMpymHB qepe3 EanKaHCbKi rop11 ,no rpeQb.RIQlU iJo6zo Koro cena UepHrM, rroTiM ranepmo nJIHB aa TeqieiO- qepea Tiposa~iiO, Tia6y~80JI.u aap_n)I(HK i qepnaso,ny ~o Ea6a,nary, lllaxH Ta KiJiil. TaM )Ke, aa KiniEIO, npM6JIH3HO Ja ~si MMJii si,n Her, ,l(yHaM: sna,nae y Mope. 3 KiJiii nocoJI BHpywun ~o EiJiropo,na, y Einropo,ni nepenpasHBC.SI t.~epe3 ,l(HicTep .no QqaKosa, ,no KOTporo rxas CTenoM ~iJIHX ,nsa ,nHi. Heno,naJiiK Bi~ Ot.JaKOBa niH nepenpanMBC.SI t.~epea oaepo Eepe3aHb. KoJIM 6 xTo-He6y,nh xoTiB o6'ixaTM C!fllmtJHQ

Qe 03epo, TO,ni BHTpaTMB 611 Ha Qe ,nsa ~Hi I3,lJ,H, O,lJ,HaK MO)I(YTb qepe3 03epo nepenmiCTM KOHi, 60 BOno sy3bKe, 3aBIII11piliKH Ha O,lJ,HH IIOCTpiJI 3 JIYK)'· ,ll,o QqaKosa niH np11lxas .npyroro sepecH.SI, iRK TiJibKH ,nicTan nponi~HHKa, TO nepenpasMBC.SI Qhoro )I( ~H.SI qepea ,li,HicTep, .SIKHM nn~ae y Mope qepea niBMHJii aa QqaKOBHM, a aa .n.na ~Hi ~ocHrHyn TiepeKony, ~o6pe i~M Ha soai. llepe~ QHM )l(e niH ixan nona~ MopeM qepea seJIHKY Tpany, qacoM qepe3 nicKH. Bin np116yn ~o QapenHtia ~HJib-fipeH i aacTaB iioro 3a neJIHKY MHJIIO Bi~ flepeKona, KOJIH TOM nac Bep6JJIO~iB Ta iHIIIi CTa~a i Bl.!MBC.SI 3a6a6a CTpiJIRTH 3 JIYKa. llpHBiTaBIIIM MOrO Bi.D. iMeHi KOpOJISI, BiH Bip,'rxaB Ha Hiti mamap· .u.o TiepeKony pa30M 3 rypeU:bKHM nocnoM. TaM niH npo)I(HB ~Ba ~Hi, cKyno· Cbl(pW tjQpelhna syi0\111 C06i nponiaHT, KOTporo 6 BHCTal.!HJIO Ha O.D.HHa,lJ,I..VlTb ~HiB. BHixasIllH 3 TiepeKony, niH U:hOro 11< .D.H.SI 3aHoqynan y noni 6inH ~o6poi BO.D.H. Ha ,npynri1: ~eHh 6yn 6iJJ.SI MyponaHHX Kpm·mu:b, KOTpi 3BYTb KapaKi, T06To Y:opHi KpHHHU:i, a si,n ~Hx Kp11HHU:b ~o piKM Cy,na (Suda) niH Mas ,nsi HOl.!isni. floTiM lJ.Ba )J.Hi IXaB 6e3 DO)J.H, Ha TpeTiM lJ.eHb npHIXaB lJ.O ~y)l(e CMep)J.IO't{OI qepsHsol no.n11, I.UO Ha3Hnanach KaplllaK, a 3Bi.D.TI1/l.O piKH Arapni6eT, To6To ,ll,epen'HHHM TIOTiK, MaB BeJJHKHH ll.eHh Ia)J.H; Bi.D. U:bOrO nOTOKY .D.O piKH EeiH, T06To BenHKHi1 KaJI, 3ni,nTH- .u.o piKH MaJIHH KaJI, .nani- .n.o piKH Miyc (Musz); nip, piKH Miyc .n.o rypeUbKoro 3aMKY Aaos, I.UO no-rypeQbKH 3BeTbCSI ATani, i Ha Qe niiiiJJO .u.na )J.Hi Ia.D.H. TaM, nepenpasHBIIIHCb qepe3 piKy TaHalc, KOTPY nonHKH 3BYTb ,l(oH, npHrxas .u.o AJosa 16 nepecHn. TaM niH 3HOBY 3aKynHB nposiaHry Ha 0/l.HHa,lJ.QSITh )J.HiB i Ha .D.pyrHM ,lJ.eHb nononyp,Hi CTaB 6iJISI CMep).(I0'10I BO,lJ.M, )J.e CTO.SIJIO noraHCbKe l<anHI.Ue, Ha KOTpoMyTaTapH 3811\laMHO npHHOC11JJI1 B )l(epTny CBOIM 6oraM nepnopO.D.He TeJI.R iT.).(. :Hozaiic~>l(j mamapu 22 nepeCHSI BiH np11ixan .D.O HOraMCbKOI Op.lJ.11 i QhOfO II< }.J.HSI 6yn TaM Ha ypo-

180

KHHrA I ~BtCTOMY 11p111'10Mi, 1'10r0 "lJaC1·ynaJIH K06HJHl"lJHM MOJIOKOM, KiHCbKHM Ta

6apaH.H'4HM M'.HCOM,

(c. 146) a.ne i1oMy He .l(y:>~<e cMaKynaJia TaKa qecTh,

OCKiJlbKI'I niH 60SlDC.SI .SIKOicb 3pa,l(l1, OC06JIHBO BIIO"lli, 60 Qi TaTapH i He 6o.SITbC.SI Bora, i He 3Hai0Tb Horo, qecTi i1 '4eCHOT y HHX HeMa, HeMae y HHX )KQ,l(HOro npana, a XTO ,l(Y)I{"'HH , TOM i K pau~HM, iT. ,l(. npo ue HTHMeThC.H HH)Kl.Je np11 OTIHCi TaTapCbKHX Op.l( j T. ,l(. Bi.l('lxaBUJH TO.ZJ.i Bi,D, UMX TaTap, niH 6yB y CTeny ,l(Ba ,l(Hi 6e3 BO,l(H, ITOTiM npHIXaB .l(O O,l(HOrO 03epa i TaM y Ka3aHCbKl1X TaTap KYfiHB npoaiaHT. Ui TaTapH TiKaJIH 3 MocKoaii .l(O rypeQb~ Koro i TaTapcbKoro nii1CbKa, KoTpe CTO.RJIO ni.l( AcTpaxaHHIO, i rypi<iB ni.u. KOMaH.zwnaHH.R.M KacpMHChKoro 6erJiep6e..H 6yJio TaM .l(O TPM.l(QSITM TMC.H"', a TaTap Ha "lJOJii 3 nepeKOTICbKMM QapeM A.l(HJib-fipeEM - ).1,0 BiCiM,l(eC.SITH TM- 9JTamapu C.Hq. ~MJib-fipei1 Mas i3 co6mo TaKO)f( "liOTHpbox caoix CHHiB. Bci BOHH i1 mypl(u po;6umi IXaJII1 Ha BiHJ-IY npOTH MOCKOBCbKOrO KH.H3.SI, a.Jie 6y1111 raHe6HO po36HTi MOC- MOCI(p8uKOBHTaMH. l.lep e3 Qe BOHI1 MyCHJIH Ha3a,U, TiKaTH 3 yciM, a KOJIH TiKaJIH, TO maJ.iu He Bl.JMHI-1111-1 )f(Q,l(HOI UJKO.lJ.M, TiJibKM CTia.JIMJIH Malle ITOCeJieHH.H nepe.l( 3aM- 9lTapa~w6CI>IQlU

KOM. 27 aepecHR BOHM 3YCTpiJIHCR Ha nepwoMy np11aaJii 3 TapaHOBCbKI1M i rypeQbKHM nocnoM, KOTpui1 3 HHM lxas. TaM )l{e BiMaJII1 JII1CTU Bi.l( rypeQbKoro cynTaHa .l(O TaTapcbKOro xaHa i KacpHHCbKOro 6ernep6e..H. flep11Ioro )f(OBTHSI TapaHOBCbKMH 6yn y caM oro xaHa i B"lJHHUB nocOJibCTBO si.n: KopoJIR Curi3MYHAa ABrycTa, rrpulxan 3 xaHoM .n:o flepeKona 5 JIUCTorra.n:a. TaM BiH npO)I{HB .n:sa .l(Hi, MaB npOI.~aJibHY ay.n:iEHQiiO i ITOIXaB ,l(O QqaKOBa. 3si.n:Tli niH rrpulxas Ha TpeTiii AeHb ,no Einropo.l(a, 11.e rrpo>KMB qoTupu .l(Hi. 22 "liHCJia Qhoro >K MicSIQSI BiH auixan 3 EinropoAa Ha TRrUHIO i Ha nicu qepe3 MOJI,l(aBCbKY 3eMJIIO. floTiM BiH CTaB Ha flOJibCbKOMY KOplJ.OHi i npHixaB .l(O KaM'RHQR, a 3Bi.l(TM AO KopoJIR, .n:o BapUiaau, BBa>Kai1, y caMy sirini10 Pi3.n:aa Eo>Koro, poKy 1569, see BHKOHaBUJH, RK xoTiB. 3 HUM np11lxan AxMelJ.-'layw, KOTpHi1 pa3oM 3 HMM I3.ll:HB .l(O AcrpaxaHi i np11aiJ J1HCT Bill. TypeQbKOro cy;ITaHa 11.0 KoponR. Ueii :/Ke JIHCT TaKoro 3Micry: «JlCW8eJL'b.M0~1tUU i Henepe.Mo~uuii myft~n&'bKUU cyAmaU

CeJLiM, i m. a., i m. a.

To6i, Cuzi3Myuay Aecrycmy, nO.Jt'bC'bKOMJ KOftO.II:IO i m. a., C8010 n/JURmeA'bCbKJ njnl.R.3'H:b 3acBii}t{.yE.Mo. flpuixan sam nocon AH.l(:/Keu TapaHOBCbKMH i np11ni3 HaM TaKi JIMCTH H ITOCOJibCTBO, 1.1.\0 Hi6HTO BM, 6ylJ.y"liM XpHCTH..SIHCbKUM KOponeM, qepe3 XpHCTH.HHCbKOrO iMnepaTopa Ta iHWHX XpUCT~SIHCbKHX KOpOJiiB Ta KHSI3iB B3HJII1 nepeMup'R 3 MOCKOBCbKHM KH.H3eM. KoTpi ,l(OKJia.JIH 3YCHJib, 1.1.\0 BaC 3 HHM 3piBH.SIJIH. Qei1 :/Ke saw nocon no,n;HKYBaB TaKo:/K HaM I I (c. 147) si,n; aamoro iMeHi 3a Te, ~o MH He nocnimHJIM KapaTH yropcbKOro Koponeauqa, aamoro nneMiHHUKa, 3a Te, mo BiH 6e3 Hamoro aill.oMa i scynepeq Hawi:R BOJii p03ITO"lJaB BiHJ-IY npOTH xpHCTH.HHCbKOrO iMnepaTopa, Hara.IzyiO"'H HaM uoro noCJiyrH mo11.o Hamoro 6aThKa. BHacni,n;oK saworo KJionoTaHHH MH npo6a'lnm11 HOMY Qe. Mu TaKO:/K rrocnanu aaworo nocna 11.0 siiichKa samoro i TaTapchKoro, cysopo iM HaKa3anwH, mo6 BOHH, ii.n:yt.JH ry.AH i noaepTaIO'liHCh, He 3aHMa.JIH BaWHX 3eMeJib Ta CTenis; 1.1.\06 BOHM He 'lHHHJIH :/KO,l(HOI WKO.l(H i 36epiraJIH npHH3Hb, IU06 BOHa Mi:/K HaMH He 6yJia nopyweHa. A KOJIH 6 RKMikh Haw caHIJ.:/KaK aa,w~H Hawux noTpe6 rrocnau .l(O aaworo siiicbi<a

181

8 ma-

11Ulpc~>~(9M!J

8ii£CI>I(JJ 9lTapa~to6· CI>IQlU

y !Tfepel(9ni !JJ[apaHo8'"IQlil

6 Chal(98i 9lfapaHo6CI>IQlU

y 'Ei..nzopoiJi 9JfapaHoiJCI>IQlU

y fMoJLJa8ii !JJ[apauo6cbi(JI.u npui:(a8 uo !TfOJll>f!!,i

frucm6w mype~bi(9ZO

C!J1111UlHa

(}o no.m.c~>· r(!)ZO r(!)pOM

!TfpUJHb

myptiJbi\PlO C.!Jilm4Ha

a, Pklllbc.ll·

'CPZO P\PpOM

KHMrA I CBOfO c.nyry, TO ~06 BH HaKa3aJIH BiJibHO nponyCTHTH M npoBeCTH QbOfO cJiyry 1j'~H if Ha3~, npo Qe sac npocuMo. TaKO)K u:e:H saw nocon yxaanHB 3 HaMu, Il.lO KOJIIi au caMi y aawux noTpe6ax 6y~eTe nonmaTH, TO MH HaKa3aJIH CBOiM Ca~)KaKaM, ~06 1\0)f(eH 3 HHX npOBO~)KaB IX i BOHH CllOKiMHO i 1..\iJIHMH npeixaJIH, a noTiM TaK caMo i noaepHyJIHCb. U:eu saw nocoJI npocua Hac, ~o6 MH nocnaJIH 3 HHM ~o TaTap i ~o Haworo aiifchKa a 1..\iH cnpaai

'DtcAmuna o8erp J'B~

i 9tfo!Wa8ii

'Y.Mo8u noiJopoxn~

1QP!r;i8

'llocoJL fJW nepe1(9nc~tl(9zo

gapJI Jampu · .MaHui1 91Typtgi>1(_Q :cumpicm~t

y JDmpu.Miji cnpa6eiJJLu· 6ocmi uyJiJo HQIUUJ(

racaH-tJayma. O~HaK MH U:bOro racaa-qaywa Ha iHmy nocJiyry o6epHyJIH, TOMY nocJianH 3 aawuM nocnoM AxMe~-qaywa. TaKO)K Hawi JIIO~H Han~a IOTb Ha Barny ~epmaay i 'JHHSITb WKO~H, TO MH Bme 3 1..\bOfO ttacy HaKa3aJIH HalllHM caH~maKaM, ~o6 BOHR ix ai~ U:boro cTpHMYBaJIH. Konu 6 KoTporo 3 HHX 3a IX npOBHHY y BallliH ,nepmaBi TpacpHJIO ~OCb noraHe, TO MH He XOtteMO npo 1..\e 3HaTH, aHi fOBOpHTli npo ~e. JIK6H :>K Bi.l( BaWHX niMaHHX HalllliM CTaJiaCSI SIKaCb WKO~a, TO~i )f(~aEMO, 1.1.(06 Bli ~opyttliJIH pycbKOM}' BOEBO~i, ~06 BiH lliBH.l(KO i HeBi,nKJia~HO BtiHHI1B cnpaBe,lVIHBiCTb HailiHM ni.l(.naH:HM. Mu TaKo:>K HaKa3aJIH :H .nopyttunu :u;e ttHHHTH TSifliHCbKOM}' caH,n.:>KaKoai. A Ti B3aEMHi lliKO,ZJ.H, W:O CTaJIHCSI Mi:>K HaiiiHMH ni,ZJ.,ZJ.aHHMH ,ZJ.O TOfO ttacy, ,ZJ.OKH BeJIHKHH llOCOJI ,ZJ.O BaCHe npHiXaB, npo ~e MH He MaEMO B3a€MHO 3fa,ZJ.yBaTH. A Ti WKO,ZJ.H, SIKi CTaH}'TbCSI llOTiM, TO npo HHX aawi niMaHi MaiOTb npHXO.l(HTH 3i CKapraMH ,ZJ.O HaWOfO TSifHHCbKOfO CaH,ZJ.:>KaKa, a TOM 6y_ne HeBi,ZJ.KJia.l(HO tiHHHTH cnpaBe,l(JIHBiCTb, a HaWi TaK CaMO ,ZJ.O pycbKOfO BOEBO,ZJ.H. I TO Balli llOCOJI yxsaJIHB 3 HaMH, ~0 KOJIH HaCTaHe qac 6paTH ,neCSITHHY 3 oseQb Mim piKaMH ,ll,HicTpOM i ByroM, TO ~o6 Haw caH_n)KaK onosicTHB npo :u;e pychKOfO BOEBO,ZJ.y. To:H MaE llOCJiaTH CBOfO npe,n.cTaBHHKa .l(JISI 6paHHSI QiEI cniJibHOI ,ZJ.eCSITHHH, a B3SIBWH II, TaM )Key CTeny llO,ZJ.iJIHTHCb HeiO. A HaW CaH,ZJ.:>KaK 6y_ne nepenHcyBaTH KiJibKicTb THX, XTO 3 HaWHX 3eMeJih 6y,n.e npHXO,ZJ.HTH Ha aawi cTenu i ,nonoai,Z\aTH npo :u;e pychKOM}' BO€so,n.i. Mu HaKa3aJIH Qhoro nepecTepiraT:H i TaKom yxsaJIHJIH 3 samHM noCJIOM, ~o KOJIH 6 I I (c.l48) SIKoro K}'IlQSI, SIK 3 aamoro, TaK i 3 Haworo 6m<y, KOTpHif 611 lxas 3BHttaifHHM WJI.HXOM, 6yJio norpa6oaaHo a6o BttHHeHo ifoMY SIKfCb iHmy IIIKO.l\y, TO W.06 3 o6ox CTOpiH 6yJio lllBH,Z\KO 3.l(iHCHeHO cnpaae.zr.JIHBicTb. JIKW:O )I( :u;e 6 CTaJIOCSI KfllQIO He Ha 3BHttaHHOMY WJI.HXy, TO MH npo :u;e He xo"'eMo aHi 3HaTH, aHi roaopHTH. B11 TaKO)K qepe3 caoro nocJia nepeKa3aJIH, w.o6 MaTH 3Mory TPHMaTH npH HalllOMY ,Z\BOpi caoro areHTa a6o po3nOpSI,ZJ.HHKa. Y TaKOMY pa3i BH MaETe npHcJiaTH JIIO,li,HHY BeJIHKy, 3Hat.IHY i TaKf, KOTpa 6 y Hac see "'HHHJia 3fi.l\HO 3 noTpe6aMH. ,ll,onoaia HaM TaKO)K :u;eii :>Ke sam nocoJI, w.o TaTapcbKHH xaH 3aTpHMaB Baiiioro nocJia OJieKcaH.l\pa BJiaAHKy, aJie MH B:>Ke HaKa3aJIH ifoMy, m:o6 BiAnycTHB nocJia, i .l\yMa€MO, m:o B:>Ke TaK i B"'HHeHo y npHCYTHOCTi Hallloro qayllla. TaKo:>K siH 3BHK .z\OMaraTHC.H y s ac see 6iJibwol ,Z\aHHHH. To My MH iioMy 3a6opoHHJIH AOMaraTHC.H Toro noHa,n Te, I.l\O siH 6pas 3 ,naBHix ttacia, a BH iioMy He ,Z\asaiiTe 6iJibWe Bi,ZJ. TOfO, ll(O ,ZJ.aBaJIH 3)\aBHa; BiH )Ke 6y,Z\e rOTOBHH iTH Ha sawi noCJiynt ryAH, KY.D." BH MOM}' HaKa:>KeTe. l.J:epe3 CBOfO llOCJia BH ,ZJ.06HBaJIHCb Bi,ZJ. HaC TaKO:>K, W.06 BaM 6yna Bl.JHHeHa cnpase,Z\JIHBicTb 3 EaKa.H i Ceo3a. M11 :>K QbOro He B"'HHHJIH ToMy, m:o Ceo3 6ya y :u;eif qac nponi,nHHKOM Haworo aiiicbKa .no A3ona, a .n.e nepe6y-

182

KHMrA I nan DaKai1- He Bi.D.OMO. AJie MH HaKa3aJIH HaWOM)' CaH)()KaKOBi, 1U06KOJIH XTO 3 Hl1X a60 iHmi Hami JIIO.D.I1 Bl.JHHSITb Hai1MeHmy WKO.UY y naWJ.1X 3eMJI.SIX, TO mo6 caH;J.>KaK noni c11n lx Ha raKY 6e3 )l(O.ZJ.Horo Ml1Jiocep.n..SI i THraHHHH. B)l(e no )'KJia,ZJ.eHHJO n epeMHp' .SI 1.1epe3 namoro nem-tKoro noCJia, KOTporo n11 noCJiaJIH .n.o Hac, nam qepKaCbKMH cnpocTa HaCJian cnolx K03aKiB Ha uaw11x KYTI~in, KOJIH nOHI1IXaJIH 3 MocKBI1. Ko3aKw lx po36MJIM, non6MnanM i 3a6panM ixHi peqi. llpo ~e TaTapCbKMH XaH ,naB HaM BMl.Jepmry iHq>opMa~iJO, HK}' .ZJ.icTaB Bi)J. 3axOnJieHI1X H3HKiB, i npo Te, ~0 ~e Bl.JHHHB CaMe qepi<aCbKHH CTapOCTa. OT)l(e, MH )l(a_naeMo, IU06 BH .n.an11 HaM i HaWHM ni.n..naHHM Herai1ll}' caTwcq>ai<~iJO. JlKIUO

)I(

BH Ta.K He Bl.JHHHTe, TO ~e _ny)l(e 3aWKO,AHJIO 611 npHH3Hi, HKa

yKJia,u.eHa Mi)l( HaMH, nama CTOpOHa 3JiaMana 6 MHp, l.JOMY MM 6yn11 6 He pa_ni. JlKI..QO )I( lllKO)J.M HaWHM niMaHHM 6y.LcyTh BMHaropO,D.)l(eHi, aTe, ~0 y HHX 6yno Ja6paHe, 6y.n.e noaepHeHo iM, a Ti, xTo IM Bl.JHHMB 3JIO, 6yJl.yrh noKapaHi, To.n.i np.MH3Hb Mi)l( HaMH TPHBaTwMe y ~iJiocTi i1: HenopywHOCTi. A MH 3.D.aBHa Hi 3 KMM He Ma€MO TaKOi BeJIHKOI i DOCTiHHOI npHH3Hi, SIK 3 naMH. )lo6pe 6yJIO 6, nK6M nM $1KHaHWBM,D.llie npMCJiaJIH,AO HaC 5IKOrOCb 3Hal.JHOrO t.{OJIOBiKa, KOTpHH 611 nci peqi cnoiM po3YMOM 3 .n.o6pHM ycnixoM po3n' n3ynan i npo nee .n.anan BaM 3niT. JIK6H nM He XOTIJIH TaK)"-::MHMTM, TO.D.i npHCKJiaHTe cnoix llOCJiin, nMwiTh JIMCTH, ononi.n.aiOl.JH HaM npo cnoe 3.D.opon'.H, nHaCJii,noK qoro 3pocTaTHMe Hawa p a.n.icTh. OT)l(e, .HK 6yna nama BOJI.H, nee, qoro n11

(c.

149)

ni.n. Hac xoTiJIM , MM n"'HHKJIM i ~e 6inhwe l.JHHHT.MMeMo. ,lJ.aHo n KoHC'raHTHHOnoJii ,AH.H 12 cepnHH 1569 poKY»· Y ~eii "'aC KOpOJib AnrycT o,npa3y )K niCJIH B3JITTJI HapBH MOCKOBCbKMM !JTpU'l:UHa 6ii1Hu KH.H3eM 3anpona.n.MB Ha MOpi q>paii6iTepiB (freybitery), T06TO nO)J.HMX 3 ziJaHI!Y!· )KOBHipin, 3a.AJIH npMnHHeHHH Hasira~ii 3 Hapn11. To.n.i r.n.aH~aHH, 6oJil.JMCb, HaMU mo6 ~i q>paii6iTepH, 3Mi~HHnWMCb, He 3aB,naJIM IM JIKMXOCb WKO.D., nBa)l(aIOl.J.M, ll.\0 KOpOJib 3anpona,u..Mn ix He ,AJIJI KOpMCTi Micry, a ,lVIJI .HKMXOCb 06-

q,pai16imepu JHU~Hi

Me)KeHb, CTaJI.M JzyMaT.M npo Te, JIKMM 6.11 l.J.MHOM IX JiiKni.n.ysaTM, HaniTb np.M TOM)', mo ~i q>paii6iTep.M 6yJIH, BJiacHe, ixHiMH )K JIIO.D.bMH. OT)Ke, 3MOBMnWHCb 3 r,naHCbK.MM 6yprrpaq>oM KJieq>eJib.D.OM i 6yprOMiCTpOM cl>ep6epoM, HananH HacaMnepe.n. Ha cTapworo KaniTaHa q>paii6iTepis CepniHKa i Ma.no MOfO He n6MJIM. lloTiM nOHH CHJIOIO 3aXOD.MJIH O.D.MHa.D.Q.R:Tb <Ppan6iTepiB 3 Kopa6JIH, He3na)KaJOl.J.M Ha KOponinChKOfO KOMicapa, KOTpHH 6ys fOTOBHH npoBeCTM p03CJii.n.yBaHHH 3JIOl.JHHiB <Ppaif6iTepin, KOJIM 6 ll.\OCb TaKOfO 6yno BH.HBJieHO, i CTpaTMJIH y 6paMi, a rOJIOn.M CTpaqeH.MX HaCTpOMHJI.M Ha O.D.H)' nanJO Ha wnHxy, KOTPHM q>pai16iTepH b.D..MJI.M .no llyQbKa. lliCJIH qoro BOHH He xoTiJIH ix 6iJibwe nycKaTH Hi .n.o MicTa, Hi .no nopry, a csoeMY KaniTaHosi, KOTpH:H 6}'B y 6noKray3i, HaKa3aJIH cTpiJIJITH no ixHix Kopa6n.ax, i TaK nocrynono ix nHHHJ.UHJIH. Pemry )K <Ppaif6iTepis po3rpOMHB ,naTChKHH KOpoJib. ,ZJ.oni.n.anwHch npo ~e, KopoJib nocnan ry.D.H cnoix KOMicapin, npoTH KOTpHX r,naHD.{aHH DOCJiaJIH KHeXTin, DOCTaBHJIH rapMaTH Ha pHHK}', CDOp.R:.ll.HJIH KiJibKa KOpa6JJiB 3 BOrHeDaJibHOIO 36p0€10, }'KpinHJJH 6paMH Ta pary-

my, HaKa3aJIH MiJ.UaHaM 6yrH 036pO€H.MMH HaDOfOTOBi, BtiHHHJIH TpHBOry. BpemTi nOHH JaKpHJJH 6paMH nepe.n. KOMicapaMH i He XOTiJIH BnyCTHTH JJ.O MicTa, TOMY KOMicapH niiiiJIH reTh.

183

1(ppOJCi8c!>r('j

J(pMicapu IU npu&1HAmi

a, !7aucct~l(p

KHHrA I OihunacHa

Uboro :>K pol<}' npyccbKMH KHR3b pa30M 3 KHRrMHeiO noMep1111 B OAMH

c.4upmt>

n.oapyx:u AeHb: KHJI3b 3paHKy Ha Tamasi, a KHRrHHJI- BHO'Ii y KpyJieBL\i. !TUaHct>l(j

Uboro :>K poKy B Jl10611iHi 6ys cei1M, Ha KOTpM:H Mi~aHM, oco6Jiuso

KJie<t>eJib/1. i <l>ep6ep, OTpUMaJIU fl030B Bill. KOpOJIJI 3a Te, ~0 KOpOJiiBCbKUX noJo8 KOMicapiB He nowaHyBaJIU, niAHeCJIH HOBi CMfTU B MicTi, CTpaTIUIM <t>pai1Ha uil.M 6iTepiB- KopoJiiBCbKMX cJiyr. ToMy 3 1..\hOro ce:HMy 6yJIM 3Hosy npM3Ha'leHi ..AiilgtlHU

ompu.Ma~~u

i1 nocJiaHi KOMicapH 11.0 fAaHCbKa. PoKy

1579

6ys ce:HM y Baprnasi, Ha KOTpoMy 1..\i KOMicapu, nocJiaHi 3

Jli06JiiHCbKoro ce:HM}' 11.0 fll.aHChKa, po6HJIH 3BiT npo r11.aHChKi cnpasu nepe11. KOpOJieM Ta pa11.010, OnOBiAaiO'IH npo Te, B JIKOM}' CTaHi 6ys fll.aHCbK paHiWe i RK ll.aJieKo BiH Bi11.cryn11B Tenep Bill. 11.aBHix yMoB noJibCbKHX KopoJiiB. Ui KOpOJii, 6aqaql1, ~0 IM Ha 1..\hOM)' MiCL\i HaJie)KI1Th, 8)KMBaJII1 3axOAiB, mo6 fll.aH~aHM Bi~qysaJIH KOpOJiiBCbKf Bllall.Y Hall. co6010, OC06JIHBO TOAi, KOJIU

BMcryDaJIM npOTI1 BJia,nM Ha WKOJzy Peqi llocnOJIMTiH KOpOHHiH, 3aKp11BaJOqM i BiAKPHBaiO'IM nopT I 3JUnuHu ZOQH!gtlH

(c.

150) no csoii% soJii, npHsJiaCHIOIO'l.H co6i Mopcb-

KHii 6eper, 3a611pa1111 co6i MaHHO KOpa6JiiB, RKi TOH)'JIM y MOpi, 3a6opoHSUIM nJiasaHHR no MopiO )KMTeJIRM cyci.nHix MicT, eJib6JimKL\RM Ta iHWMM. KaniTaHH Ha JlaTepHi, 11.e po3TamosaHi MopchKi sapoTa KopoHH, siticbKa TPMMaJIM, Bill.MOBJI.SIJIMCb npHC.SiraTM, Bcynepeq KOpOJiiBCbKiM3a6opoHi, npHMMaJIM iHo3eMHi siMCbKa. A y MicTi npuMMaJIM HaHMaHe siMChKO scynepeq KOpoJiiBChKiH 3a6opOHi; He 6pan11 np11CJifl1 KOpOJIIO Bi.ZJ. iH03eML\iB, KOTp11X TaM 6iJihiiie, Hi:>K TYTeiiiHix, MaJIM y MiCTi reTbMaHiB 3 iHo3eMHoro siMChKa i 1

npHB ..SI3YBaJIM IX /1.0 ce6e npHCJifOIO TaK, ..SIK XOTiJIM. fJieHTM JiaMaJIM, He 11.0nyCKaJIM aneJI.SII.J,ii1 .n.o Kopon.SI. He snposaA)KYBaJIM B )KHTT.SI KopoJiiBCbKMX

,D;eKpeTIB, fTHCKaJIM KOpOJIIBCbKMX fll/1.,D;aHHX pl3HHMM fl0/1.aTKaMM, npHMylllYBaJIM.l{O po6iT. EaHiu.ii ~aBaJIH He TiJibKM 3 MicTa, aM i3 npycchKMX 3eMeJib. 3a3iXaJII1 Ha )KMTT.Sl <}>pa:i16iTepiB- KOpOJiiBCbKHX CJiyr i BpemTi IX BHHM~MJIH. BKa3yBaJIM i Ha 'IMMaJiy KiJihKiCTb iHrnMx no11.i6HMX peqeJ:i,

y KoTpHx BOHM 3axonMJm co6i BCIO BJia.ny 3a npHKJia.ZJ.OM MicT Pei1xy, BiAKM,D;aJIM KOpOJiiBChi<e npaBO, Yepe3 I.l.\0 BC.SIKa KOpOJiiBChKa BJia,na y HMX 3HMKJia 6, .SIK6M KopoJih He HaAaB I.J,bOMY sarM i He nocJias TY.lJ.H csoix KOMicapis, iHaKwe BeJIHKa He6e3neKa 6yJia 6 3BiATH KopoHi. Yepe3 u.e i pa3, i .n.pyrMH 6yJIM llOCJiaHi KOponeM MOfO MOCTIO KOMiCapH )J.O f,naHChKa, npo ll{O MTMMeTbCJI HM)K'-Ie. 91Tamapu nJli01Wpy10mb

y Moo(o(jji

Uhoro )K poKy nepeKoncbKi TaTapH )KOpCTOKO noBOIOBaJIM MOCKOBChKi KpaiHM i Ha Bo3HeciHH.SI focno,D;H€ caMy cTOJlHI.J,IO MocKsy 11 HJ1:>KHiH 3aMoK :>KOpCTOKO CllaJIHJIM, .Ue noropi110 Ta 3a)J.MXHYJIOC..Sl 6araTO JliO,D;eH, a BHCTO.SIB TiJlhKH 3aMoK KMTai1ropo.u. TaTapH :>K, Ha6pasmM 3JJ.06H'-Ii, niiiiJIH reTh, TOll.i BOHH 3aXOfiHJI J1 B HeBOJJIO '-IHMaJIO MOCKOBCbKMX JIIO}l.eM. K01111 )K BOHM HlllJIM HaiiiMM 6oKoM [.llHinpa], TO KopoHHHH reThMaH 513nosel..\hKJ.i:i1, 6o.SI'IHCh, ll{06 BOHM He sqHHHJIH .HKOICb lllK0/1.11 B KopoHi, BH'iXaB npOTH HHX

1JOJli>CI>I(UU 1(9p0111J

noJ,1Upu6 w6eiJCIJI(JJZO I(JJpOIIJl

t1amCbi(UM

y non.SI a)K ,D;O KH€Ba. TaTap11, nparHy'-IM MMPY, )J.aJIH MOMY JJ.aHMHy. PoKy 1571, Mic.HI.J,.SI rpy.D.H.SI, KopoJib CHri3MYHll. AsrycT 1..1epe3 csoix nocJiis yKnas MMP Mi)K umeli.ChKHM KopoJieM IOxaHOM, CBOIM I.UaarpoM, Ta }l.aTCbKMM KOpOJieM <l>pe.uepiKOM, Mi:>K JIKHMM 6yna llOTY:>KHa BiitHa.

184

KHHrA I I1oTiM llOllhChKHI'i KOpOllb IlOCJiaB CBOIX llOCJiiB"O MOCKOBCbKOfO KH.SI3.st, RKux niH npMHI13JIHBO nmaH)'Ban, a KOHeH , KoTpMx BOHH np11neJIM HOMY .HK no.uap}'HOK, HaKaJas 3apy6aTH Ha 0'4ax y noCJiin, a Te, ~o HOM}' noJJ.o6a.noc.H, s iHWHX 3a6pas. He .D.HBl1Ha 6yno TaKe '-IMHHTM UbOM)' CKIDKeHOM}' THpaHoni, 6o B HhOM}' 6yJio MaJIO o6epe)KHOCTi. Ane l..(e HOM}' .uo6pe noTiM BMHaropo.nH-

?.foci(98Cbi(JlU

mupa'' nozopiJxyE nOJII>CI>I(!l)fU

noC/laMu

JIOCSI si.u KOpOJI.H CTe¢aHa, npo ~0 6y.a.e HM)K"l.Je. me .a.o6pe, ~0 Ca.Mi nOCJIH )KJ1BMMM 3Bi.D.TH BMiXa.JIH. He 6ya TaKHM Heo6a"'HHM KopoJib CHriJM}'H.D., ~o6 noTiM MCTMTHC.H 3a l..(e I I (c. 151) Horo nocnaM, KOJII1 BOHM npMIXaJIH .no J10Jib~i 3a HaWMMH llOCJiaMH (60 Tl·l paH no6a'4MB, ~0 B"'HHMB npOTM Mi)I(Ha-

?(ppo1111 pJtmyE

'EoziJaiUl

po.D.HOfO npasa), i MHJIOCTMBO lx npMHH.HB. PoKY 1572 KOpOIIb ClirbM)'H.uABrycT xoTin npsrrynaTI1 ni.D. HeMHJIOCTi rypeQbKOro cyJITaHa cnoro .uaHHI1Ka, MOJI.uasCbKoro rocno.uap51 Eor,naHa, CHHa OneKcaH.upa, KOTPHH (Eor}J.aH) TaEMHO o6ii..VIB )J.aBaTH KOpOJIIO Ha KO)KH}' 110Tpe6y )J.Bli,AUHTb "'OT11p11 TMCSJ:t-I i BiHCbKa. KopoJib 3Hosy noCJiaB y noconbcTni .no rypel.\bKOro cynTaHa cnoro .nnop.HHI1Ha TapaHoBCbKoro, npoc.H"'H, ~o6 TOM MHJIOCTI1BO npHMH51B Eor,naHa, npo6a"'MB MOM)' sci npoBHHM i nosepH)'B HOMY :Horo .niJJ.H'-IH)' .uep)Kasy. TapaHOBCbKHH 6ya MMJIOCTMBO npMMH51TMM cyJITaHoM, a.Jie TI1M 'lacoM Eor.uaH 3 JJ.BOMa

'EoziJan IJiJepCJI. y !MoJliJaiJcr.I(JI JeM.lliO

.a.o

THCH"'aMH CJIY)KHBoro BiMCbKa s.uepc.H Mon,uancbKOi JeMJii i B"'HHHB iM 6araTo lllKOJJ.I1. MoJl)J.aBaHM no6a"'WIH, ~o niH IM qacTo p o611n pi3Hi HenpHEMHocri, JII06HB noJI51KiB 6iJibllle, Hj)K MOJl.D.aBaH, i YTPHM}'BaB ix np11 .nsopi, MOJI,naBaH )Ke HeHaBH.UiB i nonpocry fH.ZcyBaB HHMH. TOM)' BOHH llOCJiaJIH Ta€MHO si)J. ce6e .no T}'Pel.\bKOro cyiiTaHa, ~o6 siH .a.an iM imnoro naHa. KoiiH Eor,naH ,l(OBi)J.aBCH npo Qe Bi)J. O,l(HOfO MOJI,l(aBaHHHa, TO 3pa3y )I( BriK .UO llOJibll{i. ITocoJI TaKO)K nonepH}'BCH si.u cynTaHa,no KopoAA. CynTaH xoris B"'HHHTH nee, .HK 6a)Ka8 Koponb, ane 6a'4a'-IH, ~o KOITb Eor,naH, Ja,LcyMaB iH1Ile, noCJiaB Ha Moii.nasCbKe rocno.uapcTBo, Ha Micue Eor.uaHa, lsoHIO. OcTaHHiii, MaiO"'H npH co6i .nna.uU.HTb THCSI"' T}'PKiB, np11ixan .no MoJl)J.asii. Qboro InoHIO ,ueHKi BBIDKaiOTb nacHHKOM MOJI,naBCbKOro rocno.napH CTe-

IIJOH.RMOJIOaiJCb'I(JlU

zocnoiJap

<Pa~-~a, iHwi )I( .zcyMaJIM, ~o niH HapOJJ.MBCSI .uecb y Ma3onil, 6o noTiM CJI)')KHB y llOllb~i i 6ys npH 6oui KpaKiBCbKOrO BO€BO,l(H <l>ip1IeH, KOJIH Bi)J.6ysaBCSI JII06-

JiiHCbKHH ceuM. lloTiM IsoHH BHixan .no KoHcTaHTHHonoJI.H, Ha CJIY)K6y .no rypeubKOro cyJITaHa.HoMY HaJycTpiq BMixanH HaMroJIOBHimi MOJI,naBaHH: noro<Pcr fanpHiJI, MOJI,naBCbKHH feTbMaH ,lJ;HHra Ta Bci iHwi, HKi npHHHHJIH Horo Ja naHa i nponeJIH .no .Hcc, .ue € croJIHQH Mon.nancbKOi .uep)KaBii. 11oTiM MOJI,naBaHH )KaJIK}'BaJIH 3 Qboro, 6o xoq i He,no6pi 6y1111 iM noJI.RKH, ~o nepe6ysaJIH npH 6o~i Dor,naHa, TOM)' 11{0 3a6HpaJIH y HHX, "'aCOM CHJIOIO, KOpM ,lVUI KGHeM, aJie ,UaJieKO ri pwi 6y1111 'f}'PKH, KOTpi 3a6HpaJIH i rBaJI'fYBaJIH y HHX ,np~H Ta ,no'IOK, a caMHX Mf"'WIH i13a6HBaJIH. ITpoTH Hboro BHCT}'llHB Eor,naH 3 THM

HeBeJIHKHM BiHCbKOM, KOTpe MaB Bi)J. CBOIX npHHTeJiiB 3 ilOJib~i, 60 BiH nopo}J.H"'aBC.R 3 ,noMaMa IIa,nHencbKHX i TapJiiB. CTapwHM l..(boro niucbKa 6ys MHI<OllaH MeJieQbKMH, npu .HKOM}' 6ys pychKHH BOEBOJJ.Hq MuKoJiati CeHSJ.BCbKHH. Hawi ysiiiWJIH 11..0 Mon,nanii i 3pa3y nO'IaJJH CHJIOIO 3a611paTH nponiaHT, 'IHHHrn JIIOJJ.HM KpHBJJ.H. Kom1 MeneQbKHH ,uoni)J.ascH npo ue, To HaKaJaB nocTaBHTH mu6eHHQIO nocepe.u n6opy i nonenin, mo6 HiXTO Hi y Koro Hi'loro He 6pan CHJIOIO, 6o BO.RKM ~He no nopmKii1: aeMJJi,

185

I I (c.152) a BJiacHe HI< no cnoii1:.

?.lt.JU~I>I(Jlii

6eiJe 'EoWana

iJo ?.loMa6iC

KHMrA I

BiH -ryr )l(e peopraHi3ysas siikbKO, 700 .lzylll MOTJioxy 3 KiHHOTHHKiB nosepH}'B .n:o.n:oM)', a caM JIHWHBC.H TiJibKH 3 TPHHa.l(U:.HTbMa COTH.HMH, BJiacHe 3 npHropIAeiO, aJie n:e 6yJiw ,n;o6pi BO.HKH. Ha .n:pyrHi1,n:eHb siH npoi1IIIoB qepe3 .6YKOBI1H}', npH6)'B .n:o piKH n PYT i 3Bi.l(TH si.n:npaBHB y XoTHH no rapMaTH O€JI.HBCbKO:Hawi ro 3 Eor.n:aHOBHMH cnyraMH. lloTiM niuum ,n;aJii i npH~nwn-1 ,n;o CTenaHoBI1IJ;b, zpoJ.UUlmb .MoJliJaiJan

KoTpi po3TaiiioBaHi Ha,n: u;iEIO )I( piKoiO. TYT BOHH 3.n:o6ynH sicTb npo sopora, mo TOH }')Ke 6JIH3bKO. ToM)' Hawi ,n;i.Hl.Ji BHpiwiDIH noCJiaTH npoTH Hboro OraHicJiasa Jl.HH~KopoHCbKoro, MHKOJJa.H JbJione~bKOro, MHKOJIM fep6ypTa, CTaHiCJJasa BoJibCbKOro, KpymeJibHH~bKOro, To6To poTMicTpis 3 lxHiMH poTaMH, a 3 HHMH n '.HTHrOpi..\.H TeMpfKa 3 TPH.LJ.LVITbMa K03aKaMH. llo6a\.iHBllii1 ix, MoJI,n:aBaHH -ryr )f(e nepei1mJIH Ha iHlliHi16iK piKH, i TaK BOHH tiuum U:HM 6oKoM, a Hami- iHlliHM. I XO\.ia MOJI,n:anaH 6yJIO rniCTb THC.H'-1, a HaiiiHX 'lOTHpH COTHi, BOHH He HaCMiJIJOBaJII1Cb)J.aTH HaWHM 6HTBy. TOM)', He 6HBlliHCb i3 HHMH, Hallri nosepH}'JIHCb .n:o cnolx. O.n:HaK IM 3Hony 6yno HaKa3aHo MTH .n:o Toro sii1CbKa. JIK TiJibKH BOHH sm1mJIH, TO cniTKaJIH TYPeU,bK)' i1 MoJJ.n:anChK)' cTopo)K}', KoTpi rnHpoKo po3naJIHJIH sorHHllJ.a, n~o6 lx 3,n:aBaJIOOI 6iJibwe, Hi)l( Hacnpas.n:i. Hami, no6a'lHBWH lx (a To.n:i B)f(e po3BH.LJ.HIOBaJIOc.H), He MOrJIH 6iJibiiie cTp11MYBaTHC.H, mo6 He ,aaTH IM 6MTBH. Hawi B'li1Hl1JIH To,ai fY4HMi1 KpHK i s.n:apHJIH Ha HHX. B,n;apwm i1 TYPKM Ha HHX i 36HJIH poTH BoJibCbKOro Ta TeMpfKa, KOTpi neplliHMH 3iTKH}'JIHCSI 3 BOpOrOM. AJie .HKTiJibKH fep6ypT, JlSIHL(KOpOHCb· KMH, JIJJIOBeQbKHH i KpymeJibH11U:bKHH HaKa3aJII1 cypMHTH aTaK}', ·ryr )l(e noponf CTaJIH BiJI.crynaTH, I I (c. 153) a Harni rHaJil1 ix, .HK xy.n:o6y, 6nm1 i 3axo-

186

KHMrA I nJUUI 24 OOJ10HeHHX. 3 HaWHX He 3ariU-I}'B HiXTO, 3a 8111-UITKOM 0/.V-IOrO K03aKa 3 pOTH TeMp)'Ka, KOTpml MaB HOp01311CTOrO KOHH, tiepe3 Il.J,O 3a(xaB )l.aJleKO 3a T)'pKiB i T}'POK CT.RB i1oro wa6JieiO.

3 n;i€1 611TBH np116ir )1.0 reTbMaHa TaTapMH

3 poTu TeMpyKa, SIKnli, no6atiHBlliH, mo TYPKH cno'laTKY OTOtiHJ111 poTy BonbCoKOro, HeaipHo noiH<}:>opM}'BaB reToMaHa, .uononiswH, mo Hi6HTO Hamwx po3611J1H. f eTbMaH llOTiM HaKa3aB HOrO 110Ca)J.HTJ1 Ha JiaHQIOr 3a Te, ll.{O npHHic HeneBHi HOBHHH. Hami, )J.OBi)l.aBlliHCb Bi)J. 110J10HeHHX, ll.{O BeJIHKe BOpO)Ke

']J[amapwt Ha JIQHIJ,IOZY

BiHCbKO 6yJ10 1yY' )Ke, 3a rop010, O)l.paay )K BHlliHK}'BaJlHCb SIK)J.JISI6HTBJ1, 110Bi,AoMJ1JIJ1 npo see n;e reThMaHa i nonpocHJ1H .uonoMorH. IlaH reThMaH 3anHTaB uooro nocJlaHU.R, 'lH niH e lliJISIXTHtieM. Toi1 .uaa cTaep.uH}' ni.unoai.uh i cKa3aB, ll.{O HOrO 3BaTH Jlell(MHChKHM. feThMaH CKa3aB: «Tenep }')Ke BipiO, KOJIM TBep)l.MTh lllli.RXTH'll, 6o )J.JISilllJISIXTHtia HeMaE Hi'lloro raHe6Himoro 3a 6pexHio, BiH MaE rosopMTM TiJihKM npaa.zzy», i

TYT )Ke i1oro o6.uapynaa. IlocnaBmM Ha .uono-

Mory RHa Hop.uaHa i Man;e.R Ko3eJ1bCbKOro rep6a «POJ1.R» 3 poTa.MM, caM .RKHai1lliBM)J.Uie nocniumB 3 yciM aiMChKOM 3a HHMM, a npHixasmM, .USIK}'BaB iM 3a CJI}')K6y. TMM qacoM np116ynM rapMaTM, KOTPi .uopyqi1J1M Rey6y Mop.uaH)'. Il~xo,USI'liH .uo Rcc, BOHM no6al.I11J1H BeJIMKi rypen;hKi aiiichl<a, KOTpi CTOSIJIH 6iJISI CTenaHOBHQh. TaKO)K i MO~asaHM nocTepernH HamHx i CTaJIH noKaayaaTHCh. TaM

']J[ypelj&~

6ii1c&1\P

)Ke Menen;hKHH, npa~M 3p03}'MiTM aopora i 3HaTH, mo BiH 3a.zzyMaB, nocnaa Ha repn;h fep6ypTa, .H3nonen;hi<oro i TeMp)'Ka, aJie Ti He 3MOrJIH IX BHMaHMTH, 6o TYPKH nocTepernH JaciAey, mo ii )J.JISI HHX BJialliT}'BaB reThMaH, T06To 3aca.UMB qepeMMClB 3 p}'lllHHQSIMH. IloTiM reThMaH, 6aqaqM HepisHi CHJIH, 3a)J.}'MaB noaepH)'THCh i HaKa3as

9vfeAeljb1(1Ju

8u~oi)um&

lli}'KaTH 6po.zzy qepe3 Ilpyr, HKMM 611 BiHChKO MOrJIO nepeHTM Ha iHlliMH 6iK J piKM .uo Rcc. An.e niH UIBH)l.me xoTiB He .no .Hcc, a .uo XoTHHa HTH, TOM}' TaK i

Mo11iJa8ii

Bl.IHHMB. Ilo6a'liHBlllM :n;e, sopor, mo HlliOB 3a reThMaHoM, y 'lleTaep nicJISI CB.HTa BeJIHKO.UHH cTaB HaTMCKaTH Ha HalliMX. focno.uap npocMB fep6ypTa [i] JlHHI:(KOpOHCbKOrO Ta iHlliHX, 11(06 BOHM p031101.IaJIM 3 HHM 6HTBy, aJie BOHM BUMOBHJIHCh THM, mo )J;JISI Qboro HeMa HaJie)KHOro Micn;.H i B)Ke ci.uae coHn;e, oqiHIOIO'llM iHmHM paaoM, KOJIH 6y.zzyTh Kpami }'MOBH, ,naTM 6MTBy. O,n;HaK Hami Bi.UCT}'llaJIM, a soporM 6HJIH no HHX 3 rapMaT. OcKiJihKM :n;i rapMaTH CTOSIJIM y )J.OJIHHi, TO BOHM HaniMM HicKiJibKH He lliKO)l.HJIH. TaKO)I( Haiiii CTaJIH Ha 6epe3i Ilpyry, He CllaJIM :n;iJiy Hi'll i 6yJIM Ha KOHSIX HanOrOTOBi. B)l(e HaCTaB ,neHh, i Hanii no6al.I11J1M, 11(0 sopor XO'lle IX OTO'liHTM i JarHaTM B TicHe Micn;e. AlJ.e fep6ypT, KOTpnif TPHMaB TI1J1 i3 CB0€10 poTOIO, qacTO .no~aB MOJI)J;aBaHaM i ueu )l(e l..JepHeH, mo 'liMMaJIO IX 3arHaB a)l( y so.uy. Ilicn.sr Qhoro SIKHHCb TYPOK, qecHMH M}?f<, npMM'llaB, BMKJIHKaiOl.JM KOTpOrOCb i3 HalliMX Ha ll0€)J;MHOK CllHCaMM, ane Ham, npu6irmM 3 poraTMHOIO, BCa)J.MB i1 HOM}' y 6iK TaK, mo

I I (c. 154)

T}'POK T}'T )l(e JJieTiB 3 KOH.H Ha 3eMJIIO. IlpnM'llaJIH TfpKH, mo6 -Horo BPSITYBaTu, a.Jie B)l(e 6yno ni3HO, 6o BiH Jie)l(aB MepTBHH. Hami Te)l( niAcKO'liMJIM MSI

Myx"it""' Pox'"'

nopSITyHK}' CBOrO, i llO'llaJiaC.H cnpamKHS:l 6MTBa, B .HKiH y HaniHX 3arHH}'B O)J;HH, a y T}'PKis 'liOT.HpHcTa. TaM )l(e CHri3M}'H)J; Po)l(eH rep6a «fpH<j>» Jaxonus 'llepsouy -rypen;hK}' Koporsy, si.npy6aBWM xopyH)I(OMY PYKY· Tpu TfpKn, KOTpi n.HJJhH}'BaJIH npanop, y.napnnM Ha HhOro cnucaMH, ane, He,naneKo

$of

po3MaXH}'BWHCh, He Bl.JMHMJIM HOMY HilJ.oro, i TaK BiH BTiK 3 Koporsmo. Ha J myp~

187

KHMfA I .npyrnH ]leHb BeJIHKHH rypeQbKHH 3ariH Ha3Jl0fHaB HallJHX Ha lliJUIXy,

TaM

O,li,HH 3HaTHHH T}'POK, no6atJHBlliH Gra.HicJiaBa QhoJieKa, .HKHH 6ys y 6araTo-

MY a6paHHi Ha KOHi, eTas BHMaHioaaTu iioro Ha no~HHOK, rosop.H"'H no-cJioa'.HHCbKH. QhoJieK noMt~as JJ.O BO€BOJJ.H, npocSit~M, ~o6 TOM )J,03BOJIHB 3 HHM 6MTHCb. Bo€BO)J,a 3 neBHHX nplrlJMH He )J,03BOJIMB HOM}' l.(boro po6MTH, B3aMiH

Tfi' 3ra)J,aHo npo l..(hoJieKa, TO Sl TpoxM ai,ll,cryn.n10 aj.zr. cnpanu. I111we n€JibCbKHH y caoiH xpoHil.(i, ~o 1396 poKY noCJiaawM IIaBJia XaH30BCbKOro. OcKinbKH m

6yn Ma30BeQbKMH BO€BO,na .A:i-i,nmeii l..(hOJieK, KOTpHH 6ys HaCTLnbKM cnpase)J,JIMBMH, ~0 KOJIM HOM)' )J,OBeJIOC.H CH)J,iTH y cy,ni B l..JepCbKf, a cnpasa 6yJia HOrO roJIOBHoro aopora, .HKOroch WJISIXTHt~a AHJJ.JKe.H )KewoTKa 3 l..JepaeHeQb, 3 MOrO BJiaCHMM naHOM, Ma30BeQbKMM KHSI3eM JlHOM, 3a nesHi Ma€THOCTi, TO CUJia Cma- XO"' Bci 6yJIH Ha 6ol.(i KHSI3.SI, aJie SiH CaM npm1:H.HB pimeHH.SI npOTH KH.SI3.SI, THM Hic.JlaiJa 'ljbOJ!el@

6iJibwe, 1..1.\0 6aqua npaaory 1..\hOro WJI.HXTWia. l..(ei1 AH,u.meH Mas cuHa CTaHiCJiaaa, KOTpHH , SIK npo HhOrO TBep,nSITb, 6ya ~e )J,MTMHOIO, aJie HaCTLnbKM CI1JibHHM, ~o Ha ,noJioHHX HOCHB .naox XJionuia. IIoTiM, 6y_zzyq11 y KpaKoai, aiH BHiC Ha BeJKY BeJIHKMM )1,3BiH y [ KOCTbOJii] ,l(iBM Mapil, .HKOrO He MOrJIM BTSirTM i

"'OJIOBiK.

Y CBO€M)' ceJii OcTpoJieHKa BiH npHHillOB ,u.o MJIMHa,

a TaM

20 "'OJIOBiKiS T.SirJIH KaMiHb ,ZJ.JISI <PYH)J,aMeHT}', aJie He MOrJIH l.(bOrO B"'MHMTH. T O)l.i BiH HaKa3aB yciM si,u. TOHillOrO KiHI..\.H B3.HTM MOrO Ha JKep,nHHH, a caM B3SIBC.H 3 TOBCTiWOrO KiHUSI i 3aHiC 3 HMMM T}'JlM , Kf,lJ,H 6yJIO Tpe6a. BiH 6ya TaKHH CI1JibHMM, :mo KOJIH TBep)l.e .u.epeao CTMCKaB y p}'l.(i, TO 3 HbOrO TeKJia BO}J.a, poaJIOM.JTJOBaB 3pa3y )J,Bi ni)l.KOBM, po3pHBaB HaHTOBCTilliY MOT}'3Kf, B3.SISWM O)J,pa3y 3a KiHt.J;i )J,SaH~I..\HTb Me"'is, niJJ.HiMas ix. He 6yJio HiKoro, XTO Mir 6M sTpHMaTM iioro aa PYKY· Ha KopoJiiBCbKOM)' seciJIJii siH noTOSK O)l.Horo qexa, CJiaBeTHOrO 6opu.H. f1HlliYTb npo HbOrO ,ZJ.OCHTb 6araTO H iHWHX peqei;f, KOTpi .H )l.JI.SI CTMCJIOCTi BHKJia)J.y nponycKaiO. Mas SiH i ,ZJ.SOX 6paTis, sci BOHH 3 6aTbKOM 3Haxo)J,HTbC.SI y BapTi. Ocb i3 .HKoro .ll.OM)' noxo.u.HB TOM l..(hoJieK, 3aMicTb 9TomyxHa cymu-zl(.a J mypl(.aMu

.HKoro XaH30BCbKHi1 611sc.H 3 rypKoM. BiH noM "'aD .u.o rypKa, a rypoK .n:o HbOro , npoMaxHfJIHCH o6M,u.sa cnMCaMH. To,u.i XaH30BCbKHM TYT )Ke KOHeM o6epHyaCSI i O)l.Hi€10 pfKOIO sMxonHB T.H)KKMH Me"', a .ll.pyroiO cxonHs rypKa 3a 6apKM i S)l.apHB Me"'eM npOCTO S qqJIO sopora, aJie T)'pOK SHBepHYSC.SI. f1pHM"'a.JIM CTaHicnan I

I (c.155) BM)l<ra i CTaHiCJias HerOI..\hKHI1, nparHyqM cniM:MaTH

T}'PKa, aJie nOKH soHM )l.iCTaJIMCH .ll.O aopora, Qei1 T}'POK BMCJIH3HYB HKOCb 3 PYK XaH30BCbKoro i sTiK. TypKH, no6a"'HBlllM, :mo siH cMepTeJibHO nopaHeHH:M, !Tep6ypm

i '13 0/1"' I>I(JJ i1 iJono.J.tazaiOmt>

.l(y)l(e xoTiJIM nOMCTMTMCH HaiiiMM 3a Hboro. 'Y:MMano ix KMHYJIOC.SI Ha QMX Tpbox HamMx i S)l(e nepeMaranH, a)K TYT npHM"'aJIH fep6ypT i BonhCbKMH ai

:Hawi cnoiMM poTaMM i sp.Hryna;m HaUJMX. EyJio "'MMaJIO KJionory, aJie see )I( Hami ZpOM.!IJlmb nozauu-t

3aJIMIIIMJII1 3a co6o10 noJie 6o10 i po3I' POMMJIH rypKis, KOTpHx ).J.aJieKo nepecJii.ll.yBanM . feThMaHM KpHttaJIM, poTMicTpM )l.onro cTpMMysa;m cnolx , ane KOJIM MOJIOJJ.b 3ananHJiacb, TO HeMO)l(JIMBO 6yJio II cTpHMaTI1. PoTMicTpH, 6aqa'-IH, :mo ix na)l(KO 6y.u.e cTpMMaTH, :i1: caMi 3a HHMH KJ-IHYJII1C.SI B 6iH, t~MM ni)l.HCCJIM CBOIM CHJIY .zzyxy; BOHM BCi€10 noryroiO B.ll.apMJIM Ha BOpO)l(C siitcbKO, KOTpe TaK nonep;m, llJ.O ruK 3arHaJIM y MOJI,l\aBCbKMM Ta6ip. TyT )l.e.HI<i no6a"'MJIM, 1..1.\0 )l.aJICKO Bi.U. CBOIX i BiJJ. xopyrn11 SiMaJIMJIHCb, i CTaJIH nonepTaTIICb. focno)l.b Eor TaK 3BOJIMB a6eperr11 ix, mo BOHM He 6yn11 OTOt.JeHi ne;mKMMM

188

J(HHr A I

cMJiaMM soporis, xoqa y )KOpcToKiM: 6HTBi O.AHH 3 HHX 3arHH)'B. KoJIH B)Ke nonepH}'JIHCb, TO reTbMaH 6yn He3~0BOJieHI1H, IIJ;O BOHI1 6e3 HOrO BOJii flOCMiJIH Ha TaKe HaBa)KI1TI1Cb. KoJIH Hami nepeM:nvm O.AHe 6arHHCTe MiCI.~e. w;o 6yJio Heno}l.aJiiK ai,z:( XoTHHa, npHMl.JaJIM 'I)'PKH, 3.AiHHj{BiliH TaKHH CMJibHHH KpHK, Hi6H xorinH3'1cTH HawHx. ITpoTH HHX BI1CTYlli1B HacaMnepe.A reTbMaHCbKMH

CJIY-

ra P~en;hKMH i B.AapHB O}l.Horo 3 soporin qeKaHoM y JI06 TaK, w;o :H qeKaH TaM JIHWHBCji. '-lypMJio )I( i3 COTHeiO KiHHHX Ty.AM KHHYBCji i 3iTKHYBCJI3 sopora.MM, 3MilllaBCR 3i CB0€10 pOTOIO 3 Hl1MI1 TaK, IIJ;O }l.OBrO HOrO He 6yJio BM}J.HO. feTbMaH HaKa3aB OcoschKOMY M:oro I }J.O HMX ropH}'TbCR,

(c. 156) pRTynaTI1. TypKM, 6aqaqu, ~o Hanri

TYT )Ke CTaJIM ni}J.crynaTH, 6o BOHH MaiOTb TaKldt3BMl.Jai1:,

w;o cnoqaTKY ,Ao6pe 6 ' IOTbCR, a JIK TM HOMY }l,acn Bi}l.cit.I, niH eTa€ iHaKUJHM, i }l.OCHra€ TO}l.i, KOJIM 6al.JMTb, ~0 TH CJia6UJa€lll. He .AypHO

npo HHX UeH

}l,aBHiH Biplll CKJI~eHo:

T?-UUJ mypmc Mruypa, 6o moi1 60JL8CR 'ltaJLMU, Ko.Jtu 'lla.Jl..Ma onMa, C1CaJa6 Ma:ryp: «0, 6:HCe Mmi iJo6pe. Eo 1te me6e, npoUiJuc6ime, Jl 60JL6CR, a m6o6t 'lla.Jl.MU». A niOC1C()ttU6utu, 6i0py6a6 uoMy eo.1w6y: «HiJu :He C{].M, sa 'ltMMO'IO». TaKi

caMi M: TaTapn. '-lypuJio BTpaTHB TiJibKM IllicTbOX, a rypKiB i MOJI-

}l,anaH Jie)KaJIO TpynoM ,AO KiJihKOX }l.eCRTKiB. Hawi B)Ke Ha6JIH>KaJIHCJI 11.0 ,l.(HicTpa, O}l,HaK T}'PKH BeCb 'l.JaC Hana,AaJIH Ha HHX 3 THJI}'. fep6ypT nepeHWOB

189

KHMrA I Ha3~ 3i csoe10 poTOIO, :HoMy ~}"Ke ~e 6oJiiJio, TOMY BiH 6ys 611 pcmHii B~a

PHTM Ha rypKiB, aJie He xoTiB 3BaiKMTMCSI Ha ~e 3 orJISI~Y Ha reTbMaHCbKY 3a6opoey. TiJibKH qepeMHCM, KOTpHx 6yJio TPM~~SITb, 6MJIH 3 ~osrux pymHHI.\b no BciX, KOfO TiJibKH MOfJIH ~OCSifTH, a qepeMHCH - 1.\e ,no6pi CTpiJih~i. CaMe TOMY soporu He ~yiKe cMiJiu 6JIH3bKO uanupaTu. Ha o~Ho 91awi, ..4fy31CHI>O

6opoH.R'lUCJI

6Wmypl(j6. 8Wcmyna10mt> J 9.fo.Ma6ii ao c8oei Jt.M.11i

MY Mic~i 6yJia uawHM He ,nyiKe ~o6pa nepenpasa qepe3 MicToK, KY~" npu6irJio HeMaJIO T)'pKiB, KOTpi nparHyJIH 3aWKO)J;HTH HaWHM. AJie KOJIH reTbMaH HaKa3aB no HHX B,napHTH 3 )J;BaHa)J;I.\SITM rapMaTOK i O.Z{Hiei BeJIMKOi rapMaTH, TO BOHH p03llOpOWHJIHCSI i CXOBaJIMCSI3a ropy. lloTiM ynoqi Hallli npHHWJIH nm XoTHH, .neB 3aMey 6ys TO.Zd )J,o6pocOJIOBCbKHH PoiKM~ i TpHMaB iioro ~e ~JISI Eor~aua. TaM rypKH 3aCTaJIH 6 HawHx HeroTOBMX, SIK6H ix He 3aTpHMaB TeMpyK 3i csoe10 poTOIO. THM qacoM Hawi ciJIH Ha KOHeu i suwueysaJIHCb, ix IIIBH.Z{KO BHIIIHKysas CeHSIBCbKHM, nocTaBMBWH cnepe.ny BOrHenaJihHY 36p010, OTiKe, TypKiB 1.JeKaJilf y fOTOBHOCTi. Y ~eH qac npHM1.JaB ,no HHX reTbMaH, 60SI1.JHCb 3a Eor~aHa, ~06 BiH He BHpBaBCSI Hanepe,n, 6o npo Hboro HlllJIOC.H, TOMY reTbMaH He xoTiB :Horo 6a1.JHTH y iKO,nHiii 6uTBi, a TiJibKM B Ta6opi. TypKH npHCT}'IIHJIH i B,napiDIH Ha HaiiiHX. Ko1111 iK UeMeiKHHCbKOMY 6yJio .nywuo si.n soporis, CeH.HBCbKHH HaKa3aB fep6ypTosi i TeMpyKosi noMOrTH iioMy, aJie ocKiJihKH MaJIH K03al\bKi pOTH, TO He ~OBeJIOC.H ni,nKpinJieHHIO HTH Ha KOniHHHKiB, 60 HOfO 6 po36HJIH. O.n;uaK .HH Hop~aH 3iTKHYBCSI 3 soporaM:u i .no6pe coKpyiiiHB iM cnuCH, a SIK fep6ypT 3 PoiKHOM B.D;apHJIH y <J>JiaHr, TO He CTpHMaJIH IX T)'pKH i 3pa3y .iK si.n;crynHJIH. Hallli, rpoMJI.H1.JH ix, raH.HJIH no 11icax, rypKH, pHry101.JHCb, KH,lJ;aJIH IM llla6Jii Ta t.IaJIMH .HK 3)1;06H1.J, aJie Hallli Ha ~e He BHTpa1.JaJIH qacy. KoJIH .iK .n;an:eKo lx 3arHaJIH, o6epHyJiocb 3Hosy .n;o wecTHCOT rypKiB npoTH Hawux, a HaWHX cKyn1.JHJIOCb .n;o copoKa, a.n:e iM Ha .n;onoMory

'Eum8a npHHIIlOB PoiKeH 3 Pa.n;eQbKHM, TaKO.iK i fep6ypT KiJibKOMa CJIOBaMH HaraHQIUU'{.

J myp1(a.)f.U

.n;as CBOIM, ~06 He JI.HKaJIHCb nepeBaiKai01.JHX CHJI BOporiB, a 3 bO.iKOIO noMi1.Jt.IIO BOHH 3MOiKYTb BOporiB po3nopOIIlHTH, .HK i nepe,n; 1.\HM; ll.\06 BOHH ,n6aJIH TiJibKH npo CBOIO CJiaBy i .HKHaHKpa~e )J;i.HJIH. llicJI.H 1.\bOrO BiH CTHC ocTporaMH KOH.SJ i I I (c. 157) caM nonepe.n; scix B.AapHB Ha rypKiB, a 3a HHM KHHYJIHCb Ha BOpOriB i iHWi, 3HOBY p03flOt.IaJIH 6HTBy, KOTpa ,AOBfO TpHaan:a. A.Jre fep6ypT .HKOCb ai,AoKpeMHBC.SJ Bi.A csoix, i rypKH :Horo oTo1.JHJIH. TaM 1.JeTaepo iioro CJiyr flOJISifJIO, a BiH CaM SIKOCb 3MilllaBCSI 3 MOJI,AaBaHaMH, .HKi :Horo He ani3HaJIM, a niH ni3Hillle BTiK, a.n:e He ,napeMHO. BiH no6a1.JHB CllOt.IaTKY TypKa, .HKOfO py6oHyB, i DOM1.JaB Ha KOHi ,AO O,AHOfO lllHpoKoro i rJIH6oKoro pony, .HKHH Jie,Aae nepecK0'1HB. A.JI.e TOM rypoK KpHKHYB .n;o caoix, i .nna iHwHx TYPKH TYT )Ke KHHYJIHCb 3a fep6ypToM: o,nHH 3 HHX, Ha3,AOrHaBwH, BJIY1.JHB cnHCOM :HoMy B ci,nJio, a .Apyroro CKHuya KiHh, i niH ll.\O.Ayxy KHHYBC.SJ .D;O csoix, TPHMaiO'-IH 36po10 np11 co6i. Ue:H rypoK 3ycTpinc.H 3i CJie.iKHHCbKHM, naxoJIKOM Jl.HHQKopoHCbKoro, KOTpH:H Te)K M'-laB :HoMy Ha3ycTpit.I. Di3HaBWH iioro (JI.HHI.\KOpOHCbKoro), niH (naXOJIOK) 3aKpW·I an, ~o6 TOM p.HTyaan :Horo, THM qacoM rypKH o.npa3y .iK nepecTa.n:H rHaTHC.H 3a HHM, TO,Ai ,AO HbOfO np116ir 1.\eM ni.ZJ.lliTOK. Y U.iH 6HTBi, ,Ae CHJIH 060X CTOpiH 6yJIH HepiBHI1MI1 , Hallli1X 3antHyJIO lJ,eC.HTb 3 paTH

190

KHHrA I

JIS~HQKopoHCbKOro Ta Hop,.naHonol, KpiM TMX 'IOTMpbox fep6ypTOBHX, a nopaHeHMX 6yno 'IHMaJIO. IloTiM MeneQhKHH BMcrym1n 3Bi,n:TH Ta6opoM, oco6JIHBO )I( KOJIH csoi Hara,l(aJIM HOMf, ~0 TaM 6yno He6e3ne'IHO ,l(OBIIIe CTO.SITH, 60 Kflli 'laCTO JiiTaJIM, o,n:Ha 3 S~KMX npo6Mna IliMIIIaK i1oro CJIY3i fa6pieJIIo Pe6oscbKOM)'. KonM Pom.Micmpu nOJl!>C!>I(pW Haiiii PYIIIMJIM, Ko3eJibCbKM:H 3 si,n:oMa reTbMaHa s,n:ap11s Ha sopmKMH Ta6ip 8iiict>l(a i, B6MBWH BOporiB HeMaJIO, 3axOllHB KiJihKa rapMaTOK i npHHiC O,l(MH qepsoHMII npanop. llicJI.SI Qhoro Haiiii 3aKpHJIM Ta6ip i CTaJIM ni,n: XoTMHOM, a Ha:HroJIOBHimi CTaJIH s 3aMKY 3 Eor,n:aHoM. A Eor.n,aH noCJiaB 3Bi,n:cM Pa.n:eQhKO- PaJez;t>IQlu ro ,n:o IsoHi, npoc.Ht.IM :Horo, ~o6 niH y Hhoro He 3a611pas H'oro BJiaCHMH nocoJZ 'EoziJaHa npecTOJI, I I (c. 158) 6o He.n:osro TiWMBC.SI6 HHM 51K 3JIO'IMHHO B3.SITMM; He- iJo 16oHi xa:H 6H 3p03fMiB, .SIK T51)KKQ TOMf, KOTpHH nepe.n,l(HM 6yn naHOM, Hi'IOrO He MaTH; i Te, ~0 BiH Tenep 'IHHMTb MOM)', MO)Ke CllOJI,iBaTMC.Sl TOrO )I( Bi.z:\ KOrO iHmOro, 60 € Eor, KOTpHH MCTHTbC.Sl 3a BC.SIKY KpHB.D:Y i KO)KHOMY B03,l(a€ Ti€10 )I( Mipmo. Qe HicKiJibKM He 3BOPYIIIHJIO IBOHIO, 6iJibWe TOrO, BiH l(bOrO Pa.n.eUhKOro, KOTpH:H 6yn y HhOro nocJioM si,n Eor.n,aHa, nocnas .HK s'.&3H.H qepe3 qayma TYPeQhKOMY cyJITaHoni. Konu i1oro qaYIII npHBiB ,n:o Max.MeTnawi, Ka)KyqM, ~o noJIOHMB i1oro Ha nitiHi, Pa,n:eQhKHM Janepe'IMB i onosis, .SIK BOHO € Hacnpas,n:i. AJie nama, KOJIM ,l(OBi.z:\aBCH npo 3Ha'1Hf nopa3K}' CBOIX, TO p03rHiBaBC.H Ha HbOro, HK nee, i 3i 3JIOCTi UOCJiaB Pa,n:el(bKOrO Ha raJiepH. O.n:HaK iforo nOTiM Menel..(bKMif, 6o Pa.n;eu;bKMH 6ys iforo cryro10, BM3BOJIMB si,n nami qepea nocepe,n:HHIJ;TBO ,l(a€p)I(Ka, KOTpuH: TaM yqMBCH apa6cbKOi MOBH; niH noriM np11ixas a EpoHbOBCbKHM, mo 6yn nbCJiaHH:H .n:o Type'I'IHHH. MeJiel(bKHH, 6a'la'IH, ~o Ha .u:e He 6yno DO)KOI so11i, ~o6 Eor,n;aH cis Ha npecToJI, eTas nepenpaBJIHTHCH qepea ,l(HicTep. A qepea MaJiy KiJibKicrb nopoMiB BTOni1JIOCSI 6araTO HalliHX KOHeH. 3a l(HM UHJibHfBaJIH MO.JmaBaHH,

191

KHHrA I KOTpi XOTiJlM 3aB~aTH BpeWTi HaWMM UIKO~H ni~ '-laC nepenpaBH, aJie ix nixoTa, 111.0 6yJia np11 rapMaTax B ap'EprapJJ.i, si,n,irHa.na nocTpiJiaMM. TaKO)I{ cTpiJI.HJUI no soporax i 3 XoTMHCLKoro 3aMKy, ~e YKPHBCSI J(o6pocoJIOBCbI6oHJL KMi%. Horo KiJILKa TM)I{HiB wrypM)'BaB IBOHSI, o~HaK.Hi'-loro He Mir HOMY B'-IHwmyp.My£ HHTM, ~e :H ia 3aMKY KiJibKa pa3iB po6HJIH BHJia3KH. ToMy IsoHSI nMcas ~o XomuH .H3JIOBe~LKoro, KOTpH:H 6ys To,u;i KopoHHMM reTLMaHoM, i npocHB, ~o6 To:H HaKa3aB ,l(o6poconoscLKOMY 3.Zl:aTM 3aMoK. CaM JKe lsoHSI xoqe c.nyxaTM B I6oHJL ycLOMY noJILCbKOro KoponSI i B'lJMHHTM TaKy npHcSiry, KOTPY paHime 3BMt.Ja:HnpuCJUHy6 HO 'lJHHHJIM HOfO npe.n:KH llOJibCbKHM KOpOJIHM; o6i~HB TaKOJK CXMJIHTH .ll:O '1(9po.ne6i ~bOfO i CBOIO pa.n:y. JI3JIOBe~bKHH, ,ll;OllOBiBWH npo Qe KOpOJIIO, npHHHSIB np11cnry si,u; IsoHi. TaK ne:H 6i,u;onaxa Eor,ll.aH BTpaTHB csiii npecToJI. BiH UOJJ..HK}'BaB y KaM'HHI.\i sciM, 111.0 Ja)J.JI.H Hhoro 6yJIM y TaKiii BeJIHKiii He6e3nerd, o6il.lSIB ,ZJ;O CMepTi 6yTH IM BHHHHM, SIK 611 He CKJiaJiaCSI HOrO )J.OJISI. $oWaH

y Mocl(j}i 1)oziJaH no.Mep

Cuzipt!fHiJ

jt8zycm no.Mep

IloTiM BiH nolxas .n:o MocKoBil y cynpoBO.ll.i JIHme KiJibKox noJISIKiB i TaM • ,6. .. . flOMep, a HaUil p03 IXa.JIHCb no CBOIX ,nOMlBKaX. THM qacoM u,Loro JK 1572 poKy HaiiSicHimHH i HenepeMO:>KHMH noJILCbKMH KoponL CMriJMYHJJ. .ABrycT, naH i .ni.n:H'-1, ocTaHHi:ti Haiii.a.noK no 1..10JIOBit.Ji:ti niHii.li.MHacTil JlrennoHiB, np11lxas xsopHM 3 BapmaBM .no TMKOI..'(iHa i, HK cnpaB:>KHiii xpHCTMSIHHH npHi1HHBWH CsSITi ,l(apH, cnO'tlHB y Eo3i XpMcTi .D;HSI 18 J1MnHSI y 1572 pol'(i. BiH 6ys KopoHoBaHHH y 1530 pol'(i, npHCSirHyB y 1537 pol'(i, KOpOJIIOBaB 42 pOKH. IJ,e 6ys naH My,npH:ti, po3Ba)l(HHH, HKMH ni06HB MMp . .Ane xo1.1 siH ni06MB MHp, I I (c. 159) o,nHaK 6ys He 6e3 3.D;i6HOCTeH y pHI..'(apCbKMX cnpasax, 60 Mir CaM lliMKYBaTM BiHCbKa, nocTiHHO .n:ocHTb .n;o6pe TPHMaB KOHeii, Mas nMmHMM ,li.Bip, .n:6as npo sorHenanbHY 36poiO, 6y,nyBaB 3aMKH, ,li.BOpM, y '-IOMY ,li.06pe po3yMiBCSI. 3HaBOI Ha reoMeTpil, OXO'lJe p03llHTfBaB npo MariiO, aJlXiMiJO, Ha.D;3BM'4aHHO J1106HB Mf3MK}'· Uen 6ys n aH Tsepe3n::H, THXHH, 6yna y HboMy senHKa JIIO.D;SIHicTb, rosopMB TaK, 111.0 Ma.JIO XTO Mir 3MaraTHCSI 3 HMM y TIOJiblll;:I13Hi, JHaB ,li.O TOrO :>K KiJlbKa MOB i TaK HHMH BOJIO,ll.iB, 111.0 KO:>KeH Ka3aB, I.qO Qe HOfO pi~Hi MOBH. JIK6H Hi"lJoro iHmoro He 6yno, To KopoHa 3a :Horo naHynaHHSI y TpMsanoMy MHpi, Ma6fTb, p03KBiTJia 6. 0)J.HaK :>Ke 6yJIH flOCTiHHi BiHHH 3 iH03eMHHMH BOporaMH, i HalliHM .D;OCMTb ~.qaCJIMBO BeJIOCSI 3a HOfO naHysaHHH, OC06JIHBO 3 MocKoBiEJO, 6o lx Hami cKpi3b rpoMMJlH MaJlHM si:ticLKOM. MocKBa :>K TiJihKH THM B3SIJ1a ropy, 111.0 JaxonHna y Hac IloJIOI..'(hK, ane .n;o6pe y pbHHX MiCQSIX JanJiaTMna Ja l'(e cnoEro Kpon'IO. I IH<}lm1H,niSI Ha Qe Micl'(e np116yna, TaTapH Te:>K t.IHHMJlM HaM HeBeJlHKi lliKO,li.M, BHaCJli,li.OK 'lJOrO Ti TaM KpaiHM 3Mil'(HiJIH i nycTi nonSI JaceJISIJIHCb. KopoJih HaJiaro,li.HB ,ll.o6pi cTocyHKH 3 rypeQbKHM cyJITaHOM i aJK ,no CaMOI CMepTi MaB 3 HHM .n;o6py npH.S13Hb; TaK CaMO i 3 xpMCTM.HHCbKHM iMnepaTOpOM. IJiCJISI HOrO CMepTi HeCUO.D;iBaHO .D;Jl.H BciX KOpoJiiBCTBO 6yno y MMpi i, BBa:>KaH, y He6ecHiH CHJii Ta o6opoHi npoT.HroM Maii:>Ke poKy.

192

KHIIrA I

IHTEPPEfHYM Y KopoHi lloJihCbidii .nen'nTb pa3iu 6ys iHTepperHyM Bi.l\ '-lacis Jlexa Depmoro, aBTOpa i p03MH0)1(11TeJI5I TIOJibCbKOrO po,ny, T06TO, 51K,neXTO BBa)l(aE, ni.n 550 a>K .no UbOro, 1572 poKy, 511< ryT nHcanoch, KOJIH 6opr np11po.ni JanJiaTHB mni~e3ra,naHHi1 HenepeMmi<H11~i KopoJih AnrycT. nepmHH iHTepperHyM 6ys To,ni, KOJIH npHnHHiiBOI pi.n Jlexa B KopoHi lloJibCbKiii, aHa lwro Micui cin BHlliHMHp; niCJist BHmHMHpa y lloJib~i naH}'BaB KpaK. ,llpyr111'1 iHTepperHyM 6yn no I<opoJiiBHi BaH,ni, ,not.Iui KpaKa, I<OTpa CBO€ ,niBOQTBO npHCB5ITHJia 6oraM, a niCJI.H TpbOX nepeMor i po3rpoMy HiMe[(hKOro KH51351 PHTaropa cTpH6HyJia ,no Bicm1 i TaM ni.n.nanacn 6e3cMepTHHM 6oraM. IJiCJIR Her ,nBaHa,n[(RTb BOEBO,n I<epynano ,nopyt.IeHHMH KOpOHHHMH npOBlHUlRMH. TpeTii1 iHTepperHyM 6ys nicJin llmeMHCJiasa, KoTpHii noMep 6e3 Ha~a,nKiB. A TaM Ja I<opoJiiBCTBO no1.JanH 3MaraTHCR, i BOHO ,nicTaJIOCb JlemKOBi, MOJio,nHKY 3 npocToro po,ny. I I (c. 160) qeTsepTHH iHTepperHyM 6ys niCJI.st I1oneJI51 ,Upyroro Kpymsi:[(bi<oro, .stKoro 3'iJIH MHmi, KOJIH TOM ll'.SicT KpymsiUbi<HM, Mi~aHHH i npocTHM ceJIIOK, ane npeKpacHHH y t.IeCHOTax, 6ys o6paHHM Ha KopoJiiBCTBO 3a o,nHOCTaHHOIO 3ro.n:o10 ncix. ll '.HTHH iHTepperHyM 6ys no Met.IHCJiasi, a6o MEIDJ<Y ,UpyroMy, KOJIH :Horo .npy)I(HHa PHKca 3 ,no3BOJIY ceHaTy KepysaJia .n:ep)l(asmo npoT.stroM KiJibKOX poi<iB 3 seJIHKOI mKo.n:oiO ,nJI.H KopoHH; t.Iepe3 II 3JiicTb BOHa pa30M 3 HeBHHHHM [cHHOM] ,ni,nH1.JeM Ka3HMHpoM cJiymHo 6yna BMrHaHa noJISII<aMH .no CaKcoHil, .no 6paTa pHMCbi<oro iMnepaTopa.

193

KHIIrA I lliOCTIU1 iHTepperHyM 6yB nicJUI B611BCTBa flmeMMCJiaBa 0TTOHOM JIRHfOM Ta 6paH,l(eH6yp3bKI1MI1 MapKrpacpaMM; TO.l(i 6yJio llOKJIMKaHO Ha llOJibChKe KopoJiincTno ttecbKoro KopoJIH Ba~Jiana. CbOMMH iHTepperH}'M 6yn niCJIH Ka3MMMpa BeJIMKoro, CMHa BJia.AMCJiana JIOKOTKa, KOJII1 fiOJibCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO .l(OpytiMJII1 yropCbKOMY KOpOJilO JIIO~BiKy.

BocbMMH iHTepperHyM 6yn nicJIH yropchKOro i nOJihChKOro KopoJIH JIIO.l(BiKa, KOJIM nOJIHKM noKJIMKaJIM JIMTBMHa RraiiJia cTaTM '-IOJIOBiKOM KopoJieBM .H.l(nirM, .l(O'-IKM JlJO.l(BiKa, M: ocpipynan11 M:oMy KopoJiincTno. Horo Ha~a.l(KM ~acJIMBO naHynanM y Hac 6JIM3hKO ,u.noxcoT poKiB, ixHE naHynaHHR TPMBaJIO a)K .l(O HMHiWHhoro )(en' HTOro iHTepperHyMy. Eyn iHTepperH}'M i noTiM, niCJIH feHpiKa i nicJIH EaTopiH, ane npo ~e 6y,u.e cKa3aHo HM)Kl.Je. 3iJ(J PoKy 15 72 O.l(pa3y )I( no cMepTi KopoJIR CMri3MYH.l(a ABrycTa 3 'lxanocH npo 6e;nti(JI I(SJpaoHi6 6araTo KopoHHMX naHiB i HaibHat.JHiwol WJIHXTM, TaKO)K i 3 BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JIMTOBCbKOfO, TpaK'ryiOtJI1 npo 060pOH}' llO,D.iJihCbKMX KOp.l(OHiB Bi,D. TaTap, TaKO)K pychKMX Ta JIMTOBChKMX- ni,u. MocKonii. BoHM n11po6MJIM !JToCJLu 6iiJpiJH~

I(SJp01Li8 i 7(!UI.Ji6

Poi(JI1573 l(pH601(.GijiJI

y '.BapwaBi 'JTocoJLbcm6o

8W J6oHi

cniJihH}' ,u.yMKY ~o.u.o o6paHHSI KopoJIH. //(c. 161) TYT 6yJIM npMCYTHi 6araTo llOCJiiB Ta opaTopiB SIK Bi.U. HaHBM~OfO OT~SI nan11, TaK i p11MCbKOfO iMnepaTopa MaKCMMiJiiaHa, n~ cppaHtcy3hKOro KopoJIH i ni~ iioro 6paTa feHpixa AH)KyHcbKOfO' KHSI3SI Eyp6oHCbKOro (Borbonskiego). n p116YJII1 TaKO:>K npe,u.CTaBHHKH Bi,D. WBe,D.CbKOfO KOpOJIH Ta iHWMX iH03eMHI1X KHH3iB Ta MOHapxiB. O~HaK nee 3 MMJIOCTi HaHDM~oro rocno,u.a Bi.l(6ynaJIOCSI Hecno~inaHO MMpHO. PoKY 1573. EyJia KOHBOKaqiSI y Bapwani Ha CBSITO Tpbox KopoJiiB, Ha RKY 3'ixanoch 6araTo naHiB, ceHaTopin i nocJiiB ni.l( iHo3eMHOro plu.~apcTBa. Mi)K HMMM6yJio if nocOJibCTBO ni,u. MOJI,U.aBChKoro BOEBO.U.M InoHi, KOTpe np11 3ra,u.~i

npo BM,D.atty rypeqbKOMY cpiTaHy Eor,u.aHa cKap)KMJIOCSI, ~o HOM)', lnoHi, a Haw oro 6oKy He l.JMHMThCSI.l(OCHTb, HK 6y;w yxnaneHo. BiH )Ke, npMCSifH}'BWM KopoHi, xoqe 6YTH II nit.JHMM .l(aHHHKOM i nocJiylllHMM y BCboMy. O,u.HaK niH cno,u.inancR , ~o .u.o Hhoro 6y.u.e ni,u.noni,u.He cTaBJieHHSI i IToKyrTH (KoTpe niH Ha3HBaB cnoEIO 6aThKiB~MHOIO) 6y.u.e iioMy nonepHeHe, aJie FJJUJnoiJU)r,_ npeniTi niH BilJ.MOBMBCSI Bi.l( ~boro. Ha qe iioMy 6yJia ,u.aHa nMCbMOBa !60HI . • • . TTl 6 . . BI,u.noBI)J.b BI.ll. naHin-pa.l(. ~o cTocyETbCH yxnaJIM npo 3 epe)KeHHH npHH3Hl Ta nit.JHoro MHPY Mi)l( HHM Ta KopoHoiO, TOy ~bOMY HicKiJibKH He cyMHinaJOThCSI, mo noHa 6y.n.e a6epe)l(eHa 3 iioro 6oKy, a BOHM TaKO)K 6y,D.YTh iioMy nipHi. IJJ;o CTOCYETbCSI BH)J.al.Ji Eor)J.aHa Type[(bKOMY cyJITaHOBi, TO BOHM (naHM-pa.n.a) Ha ~e He noro,u.)l(ynaJIHCh, TOMY npo qe He XO'-IYTh i '-IYTH· ,l(o Toro )I( npo Eor.l(aHa ni.l(oMo TOt.JHO, ~o i1oro B)l(e HeMa B KopoHi, a SIK6M niH .n.ech 36Mpan nii1chKO, To M:oro 3 HMM He nponycTHTb ttepe3 KopoHy. Ue rapaHryiOTb I noHi i D)l(e .u.opyt.IMJIH reThMaHaM, ~o6 Ti nMJibHYBaJIM ~10 cnpany. IJJ;o CTocyETbCH IToKyTTSI, TO, SIK~o lnoHH He xoqe 6iJihllle iioro .n.oMaraTMCh , DIH ~e CJIYlllHO l.JHHMTb. 'JTocoJibCm8o IToTiM 6yJio t.tMTaHo JIHCT nepeKonchKoro ~apH, CYTh SIKOra TaKa: niH 6iiJ mamap pa)J.MB, J..l.{06 MM co6i 3a naHa He 0611paJI11 Hi MOCKODCbKOfO KH.R3.R, Hi i1oro CMHa, 60 TO € 3,D.aBHa sopor HaW i HalUHM 3eMJISI.M, i TO,D.i Ml1 o6paJI11 6 co6i

194

KHMrA I He naHa, a nopora. BiH ni!-lKpecmonan, n~o HaM Kpama 6yna 6 npi-HI3Hb rypel.(bi<oro CYJITaHa, Hi)K MOCKOBCbKOfO, TOMy pa,nHTb HaM o6paTH 3a naHa KOfOCb iHIDOfO, KpiM MOCKOBCbKOro; o6iLVIB 3 HaMH )!(11TH y ,no6pi.H npHSI3Hi, SIK paHime, OC06JIHBO KOJIM i1oMy 6yJJ.yTh JJ,aHi 3BMl.!aHHi ynOMHHKH. floTiM BiJJ.KpHJIH H npOl.!HTaJIH JIHCT Bi)J. TypeU:bKOfO cy;ITaHa, IIHCaHHH 97Typtjjul\] 1.1..\e JJ.O I<opoJI.H CHri3M)'HJJ.a AsrycTa. Y Hhoro Mi)K iHIUHMH cnpasaMH 6yno

.nucmu

JJ,oJJ,aHo si.n. t.Iayma KJionoTaHHSI npo nepei<oncbi<oro u:ap.H, mo6 11oMy 6ys COJiaqeHHi1 3B:Hl.!aHHHH )KQJI)J,. AJJe HallJi THM Bi)J.MOBJI.HJII1C5I, ~0 Tpe6a WB:HJJ,llJe Bi)J. TaTap JJ,0611BaT:HCSI cnpaBe)J,JIMBOCTi, 60 paHime, 1.1..\e 3a )KJIITTSI CHri3M}'H.Aa ABrycTa, y cy6ory nepe.n: Boci<peciHHSIM XpHCTOBHM I I (c. 162) siciM.AeCSIT THCR"' TaTap 3 Eai<a€M (Bakq.) i Ceo30M (Sieozq) ni.n;cryn:HJIH ni.n. 3aMOK Eap Ha lloJJ,iJIJii, cnaJII1JIH noHa.n. JJ,eCSITb MicTet.IOK Ta cin i nosepTaJIHCb Ha3a.n. 3 BeJIHKOIO 3JJ.06Ht.Il.!IO, i TillbKH KaM'nHe[(hKHH cTapocTa Eyt.IaU:bKHH BiJJ.6HB y HHx t.IHMaJio 3JJ.06H"'i i caMHx noTpinas. O.n.HaK BOHH Bt.IHHHJIH u;e Bcynepeq npHC513i, JJ.JISI TIOJI.HKiB 1..\e 6yna BeJIHKa KpHB)J.a. 3a 1..\HMH JIHCTaMH npHHIIIJIH HacrynHi Bi)J. rype[(bKOfO cyJITaHa, y KOT- CymntJH

oo !!To.nbUJi

pHX niH nmne, ~o JJ.O Hboro JJ.ii1IIIOB lxHii1 JIHCT, JJ,e i1oro nosi.n;oMJISIIOTh npo .n.acl(a9o cMepTb Koponn i npocRTh, 1.1..\06 6yno 36epe)l<eHo l.(ei1 MHP i nepeMHP' R Mi)K cmtJ8umbCJl, Me zoJoty,

HHM Ta KopOHOIO, YKJia.n.eHi 3a )Kl1TT5l KOpOJISI, ~06 BOHH He 6yn11 po3ipBaHi qepe3 CMepTb KOpOJIJl.

Y CBO€MY JIHCTi CYJITaH ocpipysaB i

. .. BlH Hai<a3aB CBOIM npHKOpJJ.OHHHM CaHJJ.)KaKaM,

'Eoz.;pcae

OOBi,AOMJIRB, Il.\0

TaKO)K MOJIJJ,aBCbKOMY Ta

nanacbKOMY BOEBOJJ,aM, mo6 Ti He cMiJIH 'l!HHHTH )I(OJJ.HHx mKo.n; y KopoHi, OC06JIMBO .l(OBi.l(aBillHCb npo CMepTb KOpOJIJl, i B3arani, Il.\06 BOHH JlKHai:fcyBOpiiiie 36epiranH MHp; TaKO)K i BOHH CaMi (naHH-pa.l(a) MaiOTb OC06JIHBO

Qhoro nepecTepiraTH 1 He .n.anaTH )KOJJ.HOI rrpH'l!HHH 11.0 nopymeHHR QbOro yKJia.u.eHoro MHPY Ta nepeMHp'R, mo6 o6pan11 TaKoro KOpOJIR, RKHH 611 36epir npMR3Hh rypeU:hKOro cyJITaHa 3 KopoHOIO i 6ys .l(06pHM npHRTeJieM cynTaHa. TaKO)K mo6 BOHH Mi)K co6o10 6ynH y 3ro.u.i i1 He JJ,onycKanH scins:rKMX CMYT· llicns:r BMcnyxaHHSI i si.n;npasJieHHSI l.(HX nocJiiB 5 KBiTHR1573 poKY SIK .l(yXOBHi, TaK i Bci CBiTCbKi CTaHH 3'IXaJIHCb Ha eJieKQiiO KOpOJISI .l(O Bap- 06upaKAA KPPOM maBH, CTaJIH B HaMeTax 3a BicnoiO y ceni KaMeH.SI (Kamienia), .SIK 6yno i1 Ha nonepe.l(Hii1 KOHBOKal\ii. TYT 6yno nocoJibCTBO JIHTOBCbKHX naHiB, nocoJibCTBO KHR3.SI CJI)'l\hKoro, KHR3.SI npyccbKOro, JIMCT Bi.l( nanM npMBi3 :Horo JieraT KoMeH.l(OHi, TaKO)I( iMnepcbKi nocJIH, cppaH:t.zy3hKi nocJIM, BiJJ. iMeHi .SIKHX npei<pacsy npoMosy BHronocMB MoHJIIOK, .l(y)l(e rpet.IHO peKoMeH.l(YIO'llH KHR3R AH)I(yucbKOro i .l(HHacTiiO Banya, HaroJIOIII}'IOl.!H Ha BJiacHocTi H CTaHOBHil\i uiEI .l(ep)l(aBH. Byn11 TaKO)I( nocJIH ni.n. icnaHCbi<oro KopoJI.SI, 3i lllsel.(ii, si.n; KYPIOpcTiB 3 qexii, MocKosii, KypJIRH.l(ii i si.l( noMop.HH; 6yn11 TaKO)I( nocOJibCTBa MOJIJJ.aBChKe i -rypel.(hKe, nocoJI MOJI)J.aBchKOro rocno,Aa-

pH Bi)UlaB JIMCT Bi.ll. MaxMeTa, HaMBM~OfO KOHCTaHTMHOOOJibCbKOfO nami, paaoM 3 JIHCTOM csoro naHa I so Hi, y KoTpoMy Toif nHcas, ~o HOMf npHHeceHo JIHCTa si.l( llopTH i Hai<a3aHo, mo6 niH nocJiaB .l(O nonhnd csoro noCJiaHLVI

i ,nasaB 3HaTH, ll.(O T)'T po6HTbCH. 0.l(HaK MOJI.l(aBCbKHH DOCOJI Bi.l(

iMeHi CBOrO naHa Ta€MHO nepecTepiraB ceHaT, ~06 MH He sipHJIH .l(O KiHQH DOfaHHH}', a Kpa~e 6 3 XpHCTH.HHaMH 6paTaJIHCJI i E)J,HaJIHCH: «Pa.l(HH 6ys 6H

195

KHMrA I 6i.n&me HallHCaTH, a.n:e 60JOCSI, 11.\0 JIHCTa MO:>K}'Tb nepexonHTH, i He .l(OBipH10 9TOCOII CTiHaM CBOfO MeWKaHHSI» . .l(pyrHi:f JIHCT, Bi,n; KOHCTaHTHHOllOJibCbKOfO

8W myptljl>·

nawi, 6ys TaKoro 3MicTY: / / (c. 163) nama n11cas .n;o KopoHH, npocRtUf iMeHeM TYPeQbKoro cyJITaHa, csoro naHa, 3a feHpixa A.loKyi:fcbKoro, KHH3H :Oyp6oHCbKOro, 6paTa <f>paHQY3bKOfO KOpOJISI, 11.\06 i:foro o6pa.n:H Ha npecTOJI, BKa3ysas Ha 6araTo KOpHCHHX yMos ,n;JIH KopoHH. Ue:H JieraT 6ys 3aTpuMaHHH KaM'HHel.'(bKHM CTapOCTOJO oyqaQbKHM Ha TaKHH TPHBaJIHH tJ:ac, 11.\06 npo Hboro .n;osi.n;ascH ceHaT. BiH np116ys .l(O BapmasH 12 TpaBHH, Mas ay.n;i€HQiiO 17tJ:MCJia Qboro )K MiCHI~sr. a si.n;npasJieHHH oTpHMaB 2l.n;HR Qhoro )K 9Tocoll MicsrQR. lloTiM np116ys ail( caMoro cyJITaHa CeniMa opaTop AxMeT-tJ:aym, 8Wmype~1>· o<f>ipy101.JH Bi,n; iMeHi CBOfO cyJITaHa npH5I3Hb, MHJiicTb i BciJIRK}' 3111.JJIMBiCTb l(pZO CyJI· maHa ceHary KopoHH, npocsrq" i1 m11po )Ka,n;aJOtJ:H, mo6 ceHaT 3BOJIHB o6paTu KOpOJieM SIKOfOCb ri,n;HOfO My)Ka 3i CBOIX, i Ha3BaB HaM3Ha'1.JHilliHX cepe~ HHx: RK}'6a YxaHCbKoro, rH€3HeHCbKoro apxiEnHcKona, KopoHHoro npuMaca; J!Ha <l>ipJieR 3 ,l(oM6pOBH~i , KpaKiBCbKOfO BO€BO,D;)', KOpOHHOrO MaprnaJI1(9ZO nawi

Ka; €)1(i 513JIOBe~bKoro, pycbKOro BO€so.n;y; MHKOJiaJI Mene~bKoro, no~iJib CbKoro BO€BO.n:y. J!K6H )I( BOHM 6y1111 npOTH, TO HanoJierJIHBO npOCHB, mo6 o6pa.n:11 co6i TaKoro Kopomi3 qy)KHX KpaiH, KOTpHi:f 611, MHP Ta nepeMHp'H 3 rypeQhKMM cyJITaHOM i TaTapcbKHM Hapo,n;oM 36epiraJOtJ:H, Mas 611 lx co6i 3aB)I(,l.I;H Ha noMiq npoTH KO)KHOro sopora KopOHH, HK6H BHHHKa.n:a RKacb ll0Tpe6a y QbOMY· 3a ~10 311t.{JIHBicTb naHH KOpOHHi CeHaTOpH llO)l;HKYBaJIH :HoMy no-ceHaTopcbKH i cKa3aJIH, mo 3 MHJIOcTi MHJIOCTHBoro Bora HaM He noTpi6Ha 30BHimHH )l,onoMora )l,JIR Bi)l.ciqi soporosi, 6o MH :H caMi 3 noMi'i'iiO Eo)I(OIO MO)I(eMo MaTH TaKy niJiy, ~o6 KO)I(HOro csoro sopora MY)I(HbO :H nOTY)KHO si.n;6HTH. O,n:HaK 3a TaKY rpe1.1Hy 3H1.JJIHBicTb BeJibMH Ta noHH)KeHo )l;HKYBaJIH MOfO HCHOCTi cyJITaHCbKii:f. !TenpiJG flicnsr TPlfBaJIHX pa.n; i ypotJ:HCTOCTe:H BHpimHJIH 3 nponoaH~il ceHaI(HJIJI> !i'l.HXyii· TopcbKOI o6paTH feHpixa AH)KyMcbKOro, KHH3H Eyp6oHCbKoro. O~HaK CI:>I(JJU Ki.nbKa B0€80)1, He llOfO,l.I;)KYBaJIOCb iJ ~HM, OC06JIHBO KpaKiBCbKHM, CaH,lJ.OMHpCbKHM i no,n:iJibCbKHM, BHMaraJ01.JH, IIJ,06 BOHH paHime yxsa.n:HJIH apTHK}'JIH IIJ,O)l,O sip11, npasa i lllJISIXeTcbKHX BOJibHOCTei1. O,n:HaK BOHH .n;o6HsaJIHCb TiJibKH ~bOfO, He MaJOtiH HitJ:OrO npOTH o6paHOrO KOpOJISI. floTiM fH€3HeHCbKHM apxi€llHCKOll, npHMaC KOpOHHHM, OfOJIOCMB npo o6paHHH 3ra,n;aHoro feHpixa AH)KYMCbKoro, KHS1351 Eyp6oHCbKoro. l..(e .n;omKyJIHJIO naHaM Maprna.nKaM Ta iHlllHM 3BepXHHKaM, SIKMM (a He npHMacy) HaJie)KaB v • • • • , •• BJiaCHe ~eM yp.n,n; 1 .HKl qepe3 Qe XOTlJIH , He ,lJ.OK1Htii1BlllH cnpaBH, p03 IXaTHCSI no csolx .u.oMax, a)K focno.u.b Eor .u.as, n~o BOHM npemTi noro.n.HJIHCR 3 yciM i Bi.lJ.HOBMJIH Mi)K C060JO ,lJ.aBHi JIJ060B i np11SI3Hb. floTiM 13 i 14 TpaBHSI apTHKYJIH, KOH.lJ.H~il, npana, DOJibHOCTi i1 HenopylllHiCTh npHsineln KopoHH, TaKO)I( i BenHKOro KHH3incTsa / / (c. 164) JlHTOBCbKoro Mi)l( co6o10 Ta Mi)K <PpaHQY3bKHMH nocJiaMH 3ra.n;au:i nocJIH ni.n.Tnep.n.HJIH i1 yxnaJIHJIH, TaKO)I( i nosa)KHOJO npHCSiroiO, ¢opMy SIKOI no.n.an KpaKincbKHM €m1cKon. TaKHM t.{HHOM, Mai16yTHii1 Koponb KH.SI3b AH)I(y:i1cbKHH see u:e 3a.n.onoJibHHTh i 6y.n.e lll11p11TH H po3MHO)KyBaTI1 pjq nocnoJiwry KopOHH flOllbCbKOi'. Ue B1.JMHHDII1H, Dei D3ara.ni i KO)KeH 30KpeMa, .HK 3 nOmiKiB, TaK i JlliTOBCbKiiX

196

KHHrA I naHiB, Ol1.HOCTai1HHMH 3ri.n.HHMH roJiocaMH o6panoro i1 cTnep.n.)KeHoro llOJibCbKOrO I<OpOJI.H, BCJIHKOrO I<H.H3.H JIHTOBCbKOrO iT.

)l..,

BHllJ,C3ra.n.aHOrO

feHpixa, KH.H3.H AH)I<yikbKOro, 6paTa cppaHQ)'3hi<oro KopoJin KapJia xnane6HO nporoJiocnJin. IT::maM KopoHHMM iioro nporoJIOCHD KopoJieM J!H <l>ipJieii 3 .ll,oM6pOBH~i, KpaKiDCbKHM BOEBO)l.a, MapmaJIOI<, a JIMTOBCbi<HM naHaM J!H Xo.n.KesMq, )KMY.Il.ChKMM cTapocTa, reHepaJibHMM MapmanoK Bem1Koro KHH3iBCTBa Jh-ITOBCbKOrO. TaK BHpi1IIHBllil1 Dei cnpas11, BOHH, $1K KaTOJIHKH, TaK i EBaHreJiiCTII, 3ii1mJIHCSI y Bapmasi .n.o KOCTbOJIY en. 51Ha 11 O)l.HOCTaiiHO cninan11 « Te6e, EoJICe, xeafl:uJoW» ( «Te Deum laudamus») Ta iHmi 3DJ1qai1Hi nicHi, Bi)l.TIODi.ZJ.Hi Hayui p11MCbKOI l(epKBH; Ha pa.n.orn.ax CTpiJI.RJIH 3 rapMaT, M)'lliKeTiB, raKiBHI1~b Ta iHUlOI BOrHCllaJibHOI 36pol, TpiyMq)yDaJIH, DI1MaxyBaJIH npanopQHMH Ta B iHlliMH Cnoci6 DHSIBJI.HJIH CBOIO pa~iCTb. IToKH me pa.n.a He po3ii1mJiac.H, yxnaJIHJIH KiHueBHM .n.oKyMeHT rn.o.n.o o6paHH.H KOpOJI.H i ,11.JI.H nepe.n.aHHH HOrO y <l>paHIJ;iJO, TaKO)K TiiCJI.H npHBiTaHH.H o6paHoro Kopomt 6y.11o npH3HaGeHo TPHHa,ll.QHTb opaTopis 3 ceHary KO-

!lloC/Iu iJo if>paHI~ii

poHHOro i BeJIMKoro KH.H3iscTsa JlMTODChKoro, mo.n.ei1 BM.Il.aTHMx Ta M)'.ll.pHx, HacaMnepe.n nepllle nocoJihChKe Micue TPHMas no3HaHChKHi1 EnHCKon A,naM KoHapcbKMH i iioro KOJierH: cEpa)J.3hKHM BOEBO)l.a A.1lb6pexT JiachKHw; soi1HiQhKHi1 KalliTCJI.HH J!H, rpacp 3 TeHqHHa; rHE3HeHChKMii KalliTeJI.HH J!H ToMMQhKHM 3 CHHOM MHKOJiaEM; J!H, rpacp 3 fopKH; C.HHOQbKHH KalliTCJI.RH JlH fep6ypT; pa~hOH3bKHH KalliTeJI.HH CTaHicnas KpMChKHH; MHKOJiaii KpMlllTocp [Pa,n,3MBivr], KH.H3h Ha 0JIMUi i1 Hecsi)Ki; poTMicTp oeJI3bKoro noairy 5IH 3aMOHChKHi1; cTapocTH o,nanaHOBChKHH RH 36oposchKHi1 i I<a3HMMpCbKMii MHKOJiaii <t>ipJieii; KMiBChKMii soEso.n.wi 0JieKCaH,11.p ITpoHChKMii. BoHH, B3.HBlliH.Il.03BiJI, npHixaJIH 3,11.0posi 11.0 <l>paH~ii qepe3 HiMCQbKY 3CMJIIO. Bci BOHH CTaJIM pa30M y I1ap11)Ki

14 cepnHH, HiKoro 3i csolx He JIHIIIMJIM no3all.Y· Q11x

HaM3HaqHiiiiHX naHiB, OKpiM iHlliOI IIIJI.HXeTCbKOI MOJIOll.i, llJ,O ll.06poBiJibHO y TOM Kpaii lxaJia 3 noCJiaMH, 6y.11o .no ll.BOXCOT n'.HTll.eC.RTM. ix ycix KOpOJib KapJI i HOrO CTapOCTH npMHMaJIH 3 TaKOIO TIOliiaHOIO, .RKa TO,ll.i TiJibKH MOrJia 6yr11, II(Cll.pO i .D:OCTOMHO o6,napyBaJIHIX BCiJISIKHMH no,n:apyHKaMH. TaKo:>K nHCaJIM i1 po3CMJiaJIM JIMCTH.D:O scix iH03CMHHX naHiB, I noBill.OMJI.HIOqH npo HOBoo6paHoro naHa;

I (c.l65)

UwJe.M· .n.o nan11 i .n.o xpHCTHHHCbKOro ao H~naHi6:

iMnepaTopa nocJiaJIM mo6niHCbKOro KalliTCJIHHa CTaHicJiasa CnyneQbKoro rep6a «PasMq».

!JloCIIU

A TapauoscbKOro nocJiaJIH .no MocKBM 3 TaKHM nocOJib-

Dzynetjt>· IIJJU-

ao zyucmu-

crsoM, rn.o6 siu nosi.n.oMHB npo Te, rn.o o6paJIH KopoJI.R, i npocHB, ll.\06 yrpH-

JlHCbl(920

MaJIH MHP 3 KopoHoro TioJibCbKOIO .n:o npHI3.lJ.Y Kopona. KoJIH BCJIHKHH

a !JJ[apaHo6·

KH.R3h MOCKOBCbKHH npoTHBHBCSI QhOM)', TapaHOBCbKHH .ll.OBO/l.HB HOM)', rn.o

Cb1Qlfl-

ueii KopoJih, SIKoro MH o6paJIH, 3 TPY.AHomaMH Mas 611 .n.oixaTH, 6o :iioro He nponycT.HTh. A xoq 6u i1 He np11ixas, yneBH.HB ~HM KHH3.R, To HiKoro iHmoro MH He MaJIH 6 o6upaTH, a TWbKH HOrO, TOM)' pa,n,HB MOCKOBChKOMY KH.R310 36epiraTH MMP 3 HaMM. T11paH nosipus QbOM)' i .n:as 3ro.n:y Ha piqHe nepeMup'a. KoJIH QIO HOBHHY TapaHOBChKHii npMHic, TO o6i~.RHHX JlHTBi rpome:if llOJIHKH He .D:aJIM. lliCJIH KOH.D:HQiH Ta nocraHOBM, 3 o6ox CTopiH I'pYHTOBHO i CTaTeqHO CKpinJICHHX, niCJISI qaCTHX Ta BCCCJIMX Beqepb i 6eHKCTiB, .R:Ki Bi,n:6yBaJIHC.H.

197

i.Mnepamopa,

ao MocJ(/Ju

KHHr A I y KOpOJiiBebKMX naJial.laX, o6paHMM KOpOJib feHpix HaKa3aB npMrOT}'BaTM see Heo6xi~He MH TaKoi ~oporM i nonpomasen 3 IlapH)I(eM 4 sepeeHn. Ben <f>paHizy3bKa 3eMJiji i lllJUIXeTHi oeo6M, TaKO)I( Mill.\aHM i Bci TaMTeiiJHi >KHTCJII nonpo~aJIMen 3 HMM 3 BeJIMKMMM noqeeTnMM. KopoJih Kapn 3a~yMaB enoro HaHMHJiiiiJoro 6paTa nposeeTH 3 yciM enoiM ,AsopoM a)l( ~o KOp~oHiB KopOHH i He nonepTaTMeb Ha3a~, ~OKH He no6aqHTb y>Ke eaMHX noJibebKHX Kop~oHiB. A.Jie ni.ll. qae no~opo)l(i niH 3axnopin i MfeMB Bi~KJiaeTM enii:f 3a)J.yM, ~y)l(e >KaJIKYIO"'H, ll.\0 110Mf ~OBeJIOeb npoll.\aTMen 3i enoiM 6paToM. KopoJib feHpix, 3aJIHWHBIIIM esoro HaMMHJiimoro xnoporo 6paTa, npMixan ni~ Kop~oHiB KaTaJIOHebKHX ~o HaHci, ~e niH 3 yeiM ~BOpOM 6ys maH06JIHBO npHHHnTHH nJieMiHHHKOM no eeeTpi JIOTapHH3bKHM KHH3eM i me~po BWaHOBaHHH. Y QeH qac Bi.ll.6yJiaen ~pyra maeJlHBa no)l.in: KJian)l.in, ~PYJKHHa KHn3n, Hapo~HJia MOM}' t(O"'Ky. Ha II xpeeTHHax KHji3b 3ri):{HO i3 xpMeTHHHebKHM 3BHqa€M XOTiB MaTH (xpemeHMM) 6aTbKOM ll03HaHebKOrO €llHeKona 3 iHWHM .lcyXOBeHeTBOM. !!Tooopo3K IloTiM feHpix, nonpomaBUIHeb i3 llJieMiHHHKOM, BHpymHB y o6il.lHHY I({JpoAA 9"enpi:{a t(Opory: np116ys t(O EJISIMOHT}', .ne oeTaToqHo nonpoll.\aBeH 3 MaTip'IO KaTeiJo !!Tom,ug pHHOIO i enoiM .n.nmopi~HHM 6paTOM no 6aTbKOBi <l>paHQHeKOM, KHn3eM .AJiaHeoHebKHM (Alenkonionskim), eeeTpoiO MaprapHTOIO Ta iHIIIHMH q>paH'l.If.Jui~I({Jpo QY3bKHMH naHaMH. ,UaJii i:foro npOBO~)I(aJIH aJK )],0 eaMOI IlOJibll.\i noeOJI Bi,n /I.Jl 9"enpi:{a iJo !JToJZ" ~gi pHMebKOro nanM, €llMeKOll 3oJIOTOI fop11 i 6araTO <):>paHQY3bKHX naHiB, KHH3iB Ta rpa<):>iB Ta "'HMaJIO iHWHX npet(eTaBHHKiB BHI.I.\HX eTaHiB, t(e eaMHX !!Tpu6ymnuz <PpaHizy3iB 3i esoiMH ~sopHHaMH, KpiM noJIHKiB, 6yJio noH~ mieTeoT. KH.SI3i I({JpOAA !Tenpi:{a HiMeQbKOro Pei:fxy BHIXaJIH Ha3yeTpiq KopoJIIO aJK ni~ EJIHMOHT, I I (c.166) 6 :Jii.M.ettuHy HaeaMnepe~ XpHeTo<):>op, CHH <l>pi~pixa, rpaq> i BO€BO~H1.J, KHSI3b Manoi CKeJii (?), Parue petre, 3 6paTOM JliO,nsiroM. BoHH nK nposi,nHMKH nposo~JKaJIH KOpOJIH Ha MicQH Hil.JJiiriB Ta o6i~iB. TaKOJK KOpOJib HK BCJIHKOlllaHOBHHM rieTb 6ys npHHHnTHM 3 yciM ~BOpOM 3 HeBHMOBHOIO ypOl.IHeTieTIO EnHeKonoM ApreHTopebKHM (Argentorskiego). 3si~TH qepe3 HeMeTH i BaHrioHH niH np116yn aJK .no 3HaMeHHTOI piKH Pei:fH, nepenpaBHBlllHeb qepe3 HKY BiH pywMB ~o rai1.n.enb6ep3hKoro rpaq>a <l>pi.npixa. OeTaHHiH npHHH.SIB KopoJI.SI feHpixa 3 He MeHliiOIO mo6os'10 i nMlliHieTIO. IlepeiilliOBWH Pei1H, BiH 3BepHYBen ~o BaHrioHiB, .n.o MiCTa Mai1HQ, i1oMY Ha3ycrpiq BMixan MaHHQbKMH €DHeKOll 3 wieThMa eOTH.SIMH HiMeQhKHX lliJISIXTMlliB i 3anpoeHB )J.O ee6e. TiepenpanMnmHeb BTpeT€ qepe3 Pei1H, niH pym11B .no <l>paHK<):>ypTa, n~o JieJKHTb Ha ph.d Mai1H, ~e MimaHM iioMy TaKoJK si.n..n.anaJIH BeJIHKi noqeeTi H nosary. 3 paHK<):>ypTa siH np116yn y sirini10 Pi3~Ba Eo)f<Oro .no MieTel.IKa <l>yJih)J.H (Fulwy), ~e nponiB en.HTa, a noTiM npHixan .n.o BarHKa (Wahyku), ~e M:oro 3 neJIHKOJo ypol.JHeTieTIO smaHysan JiaH.n.rpaq> <l>inin, ll.\0 np116ys ~0 HbOrO 3 TpbOMa THenl.laMH HiMel.\bKOI llJJljiXTH. IloTiM BiH 13i;iJ y Cai«OIIiiO BHcTynHB 3Bi,nTH, nepenpaBHsen qepe3 piKH Bicypr i £iny i npHixan .no CaKCOHCbKoi 3CMJii. TaM iioro npHniTaB i noJ,noponHB caKcoHebKHll KH.HJb Ka3HMHp, lllBarep, 3 .naoMa THCnl.JaMH KiHHMX o36po€HHX caKCOHChKHX 'B 'iJiJ )I(OBHi pis; HOrO nponeJIH qepe3 nci TaMTClllHi KOp.UOHH a)f( JIO JloiJo Mapl(: zpacfom6a KpenehKHX Kpain. Y JloKpax JKC BiH 6yn npHHH51Till1 i D03JJ.OpOBJieHUM no-

198

KHMrA I CJIOM iMnepaTopa MaKCJ.1MiJiiaHa 3 n'HTbMa THC.Rt.JaMH KiHHHX, ~wro npone1111 3Bi,ll.TJil ,n.o Kop,n.oHin 6paH,n.eH6yp3bKI1X MapKrpaq)iD. CKpi3b i1oMy ni.n.,uaBaJIJil He MeHmi 110'-leCTi. 3Bi.D.Tiil )I( 6yB npooe.n.eHI'fi:i JI.O <f>paHKcpypTa Ha.D. piKoiO O.n.epoM, ~o € Kop,n.OI-IOM Mi.il< HiMeQbKOIO Ta lloJibCbKOIO 3eMJI.RMH. TaM noJI.RKH, no6at.JI1BU1H Ha.n. piKoiO O.n.epoM csol I<pal, 3pa.n.i1111 i BiMa.JIH focno.n.y Eory HaJie)l(H)' no,n.nKy. Koponb .il<e feHpix iMnepaTopooi Ta iHlliHM HiMeUbKMM KH513.RM, KOTpi HOfO qepe3 CDOI 3eMJii npOBOJI..ii<a.JIH i ~HpO 6yJIH l1oMy aipHi, HeBHMOBHY no,n.HKY BMCJIOBMB cno'-laTKY t.Iepe3 caoro opaTopa, a noTiM i caM caoiMM ycTaMH. BoHM macnuno npH6ynM ,n.o noJibCbKOro MicTel.JKa MeH,n.3M.ii<et:.I, ,n.e Koponn Tenno BiTa.JIM 3 neJIMKOIO pa.n.icTIO i necenicTIO KOpOHHa IIIJI.RXTa i HaH3Ha"l.:lHillli naHH TaMTelliHiX KpaiB, si,n.6yac.R i napa,n. p11uapis. llpMixaBIIIH 3Bi,n.Tn .n.o Be1111Koi TioJiblld, KopoJib 3 seJIHKOIO nomaHOIO 6ys npose.n.eHHH .n.o ii roJIOBHOro MicTa- llo3HaHi i 6yn npHHH.RTHM 3 HeBHMOBHOIO BeJibMO.ii<HiCTIO. flpO)l(J1BilJI1 TaM KiJibKa .D.HiB, BiH BH6paBC5I ,n.o KpaKoBa. HacaMnepe.n. .D.JI.H yqacTi y )KaJI06HoMy noxosaHHi noMepnoro KopOJISI CHri3MYJ-I.li.a AnrycTa I I (c. 167) ,ll.JI.H 6iJihwol ypot.IMCTOCTi niH nocnas MapmanKa <f>paHUY3bKOi 3eMni Anb6pexTa, rpacpa Pa.z:r;emMMCbKoro, i u e l1 noxopoH si.n.6ysc.sJ, .HK aeJIHTb 3BHt.IaH, n ep e.n. KopoJiiBChKMM npHI3.D.OM, npo mo MeHi 3JI.a€TbC.H .n.oQiJibHHM KopoTeHbKO HanMcaTH. Eo npo cnpaBH i 3HaMeHI1Ti ,ll.i.HHH.H HaM.RCHimoro i HenepeMO)l(HOrO KOp0115I no6o.ii<Horo CHri3MyH.n.a AsrycTa, KOTpi niH t.JHHMB 3a caoro )l(HTTSI, npo i1oro ~acnwni ycnixw .HK y sii1Hax, TaK i B MMpHwti t.Jac, B.ii<e ,n.ocTaTHbO 6yno CKa3aHo. Tyr .ii<e, nacKaBMH l.JHTaqy, TiJibKH o.n.He npe.n.cTaBJI.HIOl.JM nepe.n. TBOIMM Ol.JHMa, 311'-JJIMBO Te6e npollly, I.l.\06 TM no6al.JMB i 3ayBa.ii<HB, JIK npoBO,ll.HTbC.R IIOXOpOH, JIKi ypo'-IHCTiCTb i IIHlllHicTb BJiamryBa.JIH TO,ll.i BipHi ni.ZJ..n.aHi, BHKOHYIOl.JH OCTaHHIO Xp11CTH.HHCbKY IIOBMHHiCTb CBO€M}' BepXOBHOMY naH}'. U.JI piq ri.n.Ha on11cy i siKonOMHol naM' .RTi , mo6 3Has KO.ii<eH, mo Qeti Koponb 6ys no6o.ii<HHH 3a .il<HTTH, TOMY :H no cMepTi MOMY ni,ll..D.a.JIM HaJie.ii<H}' IIOlllaHy; HOrO )I( IIaM' .RTHa II060.ii<HiCTb, BIIHCaHa B ,n.iaMaHTOBi KHHr.H, He 3a6y,n.eTbCSI i HMHi, i Ha Bi'-IHi 'llaCM. Eo KOJIH :HoMy 6yno B.il<e n 'HT,n.ec.HT poKiB, niH 6ys 3aKJionoTaHMH TSI.ii<KOIO npaQeiO i ryp6oTaMH mo.n.o cnpas KopoHHHX i Pe'-li llocnoJIHTol, 3Myt.JeHHH HeseJIHKOIO ,n.aBHbOIO BHpa3KOIO. O,n.HaK :Horo po3yM HicKiJibKH He •

•

•v

•

npHryTIHBCSI, 1 BlH, BBa.ii<aH, np11 IIOBH111 IIaM SITl, MHpHO IIOKHHYB Qe.H CBIT. Y KHHIUMHi, Ha Me.ii<i lli,ll.JI.RllilliH, Ma3oail Ta JlHTBH, aiR 3axaopis Ha lliJISIxy 3 BapmaB.H ,n.o JlHTBH, 6ys noTiM nepeae3eHHM 3a ,n.si MMJii ,n.o TMKOQiHcbKoro 3aMK}', HKHH caM 36y.zzysaa Ha MicQi, ,n.ocHTb yKpinJieHOM)'. Horo Tino 6yno noTiM nepese3eHe ,n.o BapiUaBH, a 3 BapiUaBH ,n.o KpaKosa 3 BeJIHKOIO nMmHicTIO Ta noaaroiO ceHaTopis. 3a TinoM H.nma M.oro cecTpa, noJibCbKa Kopo.TiiBHa, nposo,n..ii<aiO'IH H.oro .n.o Mien» noxoaaHH.R:. lloTiM nepe.n. KpaKOBOM TiJio npMBe3JIH ,n.o llpa,n.HMKa, ,n.e aouo ne.ii<ano TPM ,n.Hi, a B QeH '-lac rorysa.n:.M ace ueo6xi,ll.He ,ll.JIH noxopoHy. Konw HaCTaJIO n'.R:THa,ll.UHToro ~o~opOH rcppcwa Ci'l!HSI, TO Bci CeHaTOpH, €IIMCKOIIH i KOpOHHa lliJISIXTa, KOTpi 3i6pa.n:HC.R: Ha Jit6zycma QeM Hea6M.R:K.HM noxopOH i ,ll.JISI npHsiTaHHSI HOBOrO KOpOJISI, B,ll.SII'HYBlliHCb y Tpaypu.HH o,n.Hr, ysiHlliJIH ,n.o 3aMK}' nicJIH HaHSICHimoi KoponiBHM AHuu,

199

KH:UrA I MOJIO)J.eHLKoi, eHeprii:fHoi Ta no60)KHOi naHHOtJKM. TaK caMo BtJUHHJIH u naHH Ta ixHi 3HatJHi .n.py)KHHH, a6paHi y CMYTHi )KaJI06H, 3 noKpuTHMH wopCTKHMH xycTKaMH rOJIOBaMH; BOHH 3HaHmJIM KoponiaHy, 3aJIHTY llOTQKaMH CJii3, 3aCM}'tJe"Y i, BBa)KaH, HaniBMepTay, i BOHH ii MHJIO i )J.~e cnymHO BTilllaJIH. Y J:.leH tJaC B)J.apHJU1 B )J.3BOHM CKpi3b: B 6y.n;HHKaX, MiCTaX, CeJiax, KOCTbOJiax, a B)J.apMJIH TaK, ~0 3a)J.pH)KaJIM H CaMi MiCTa, i 6JIM)KHi 3aMKM a OKOJIHI..VIX, I I (c. 168) a He6o po3p.usaJIOC.H ni.n, cHJiu L\horo )J.3SOHY· To.n;i sci ceHaTOPH npoaeJIH MOJIO)J.eHbKY KoponiBHY a)K )1.0 Pa.lJ.HHKa. TaM TWO, llOKJia)J.eHe y KOlllTOBHit'l TpyHi, BKpHTiH TOHKHM tiOpHHM OKCaMHTOM, 03)J.06JieHHM 30JIOTMMH KOpOJiiBCbKHMH rep6aMH, llOSe3JIH aiciM BOpOHHX KOHeM, y6paHMX B )KaJI06Hy KMTaifKy, HK UbOrO i HMHi BMMara€ HaJie)KHHI13BMqaJ1 Bi)J. BMCOKHX i CJiaSHHX CTaHis. 3a TiJIOM HlllJIO )J.OSrOIO npoueci€10 p.uL\apcTso i KOpOHHHH ceHaT, sci 6yn11 a6paHi B :>Kano6HHH o.n,Hr. Mi:>K HHMH 6yJIH TaKO:>K llOCJIH iH03eMHI1X naHiB Ta KHH3iB, apxiEllHCKOllH, €llHCKOllH, a6aTH Ta iHllli BHCOKi CBiTCbKi Ta .n,yxOBHi OC06H. KopoJiiBHa, HaniBMepTBa Bi)J. )KaJIIO Ta CM}'TKy, HliiJia nilllKH 3a TiJIOM CBOro HaMHCHirnoro 6aThKa pa30M 3i CB0€10 TiTKOJO, cecTporo cnanHoi naM '.HTi noMepnoro KoponH CMri3MyH.n,a ABrycTa, a ix cynpono.n,.>KyBanH neraT Haiin:u~oro OTL\.H nan11 i no con aeHeuiaHCbKHX KH.H3iB 3 iHrnHMM Hai13HatJHimMMH naHaMH. Dp11 HbOMY )I( HeCJIH KOpOJiiBCbKi iHCIUHii i 3HaMeHMTi KOpOHHi rep611 y 6e3{.\iHHHX )J.OpOrMX ai3epyHKax 3 KoponiBCbKHMH npanopaMM. BeJIM TaKO)K TPM.ll.UHTh TPH KOHH y 60MOBI1X 06Jia)J.yHKaX, .n,oporo H KOIIITOBHO s6paHMX B pi3Hi KHTaHKH Ta monK. Ko.>KeH 3eMCbKHM npanop Hie ni.n.noni.n.HHM noaiTOBMH xopyH:>KMH. TaKMM nopH.lJ.KOM HlllJIM KopoHHi xopyra11 Ta iHllli 3HaKM noJibChKoro p:uuapcTna. HacaMnepe.n; HeCJIM qopHHM npanop KopoJiiscbKoro .n,aopy: 6in11i1 open 97panopu i1 up6u y 30JIOTifr KOpOHi 3 po3npocTepT11MH KpHJiaMM y qepBOHOMY llOJii, a opna l(ppOHHUX.. OTOtJYBaJIH rep611 scix CTaHiB Ta KOpOHHHX npoBiHL\iH. npo6int;ii1 DoTiM HeCJIM npanop BeJIHKoro KH.H3incTsa llHTOBCbKoro, Ha KOTpoMY 6yna 3o6pa.>KeHa «I1oroHSI», T06To o36poEHHM pm~ap, mo M'IMTb Ha KOHi i TPMMaE Ha.n. ronosoro oroneHni1: Me'-1. 3 iHilloro 6oKy 6yn11 3o6pa)KeHi ttoTupu KOJIOHH y ttepBOHOMY nom. f1oTiM HeCJIH npanop 3 rep6oM, Ha3naHHM «fOHtJa», T06TO )J.Ba 30JIOTI1X xpecTM y Jia3yponoMy nom. f1oTiM HeCJII1 TaKi npanop11 y HaJie.>KHiH ITOCJii)J.OBHOCTi. 't.JepnOHHH npanop KpaKinchKOI 3eMni, Ha KOTpoMy 3o6pa.>KeHo 6inoro opJia. TaKO.>K ttepBOHMH npanop CaH.n.OMHpCbKOi 3eMJii, Ha o.n.Hii1 noJioBMHi i1oro po3.n,iJieHoro Ha)J.BO€ ~HTa 6yno 3o6pa)KeHo TPM qepnoHMX niHil i TPH 6in11x, aHa .n.pyriH- TPM p.H.ll.H 3ipoK y Jia3yponoMy noni. Eys i npanop KaJiicbKOi 3eMJii: y rnaxoDoMy noni roJioDa 3y6pa, Mi)K poraMH y RKOrO 6yJia 30JIOTa KOpoHa, a Mi)K Hi3,ll.p5IMH - 30JIOT1111: nepcTeHb. Tio3HaHCbKa 3eMJHI Mana Ha npanopi 6inoro opna y ttepsoHOM)' noni. I I

(c. 169) CEpa.U3hKa 3eMJIR MaJia qepDoHoro nesa i noJIOBIIHY '-IOpHoro opna y 30JIOTiM KOpOHi.

200

KHMrA I KysrncbKa JeMJIJI Mana Ha npanopi qopHoro nena i no11omuzy qepnoHoro opJia y 30JIOTiii KopoHi. JleH'IlHJ.bKa 3eMJI.s:r Malia qopHoro nena i non onHHY 6iJioro opJia y 30JIOTii1 KopoHi, a PaBCbKa - '-IOpHoro op11a, J:-Ia rpy~.s:rx .s:rKoro 6y11a 30JIOTa JiiTepa R. DJIO~bKa 3eMJIR Malia '·IOpHoro opJia, Ha rpy.z:v tx RKoro 6yJia 30JIOTa JiiTepa P. E eJI3bKa 3eMJI.s:r Malia 6iJioro rp11cpa y '-IepnoHoMy noJii. Jho6JiiHCbKa 3eMJI~ Malia OJieHJI y qepBOHOMY IIOJii, aHa HOrO Illi1I6yJia 30JIOTa KopoHa. Do~iJibCbKa 3eMJI5l Mana Ha npanopi npoMeHHCTe COHQe y qepBOHOMy nom. JlbBiBCbKa ManaJieBa, S!Kl1ll ni,niHMa€ThCSI Ha CKeJIIO, y Jia3ypoBOMy noJii. DepeMHCbKa- ,L{BOrOJIOBOrO OpJia y 30JIOTiH KOpOHi y Jia3ypoBOMJ noJii. XoJIMCbKa 3eMJI.R Malia ne,nMe,nsr Mi)K Tphox ~epen y 6Jii~O-)KOBTOMY noJii. ,l(06)KI1HCbKa - 'l-10JIOBi"4y rOJIOBY B KOpOHi, a 3 KOpOHH pOCTYTb p0r11. BeJIIOHCbKa 3eMJIR MaJia Ha npanopi Jo6pa)KeHH.R arH~SI Eo)Koro 3 KOporoBKOIO Ta '4:alllel0 y '-IepBOHOMy nom. CoH.z: r.eQbKa 3eMJI.R Mana Ha nparropi po3.z::r.epTHH mHT, Ha o~Hii1 noJioBHHi .s:rKoro 6y1111 3o6pa)KeHi TPH qepnoHi i TPH 6Jii~o-)KOBTi 11iHir, a Ha • u

•

.z::r.pyn11- ~eB 51Th 3lpOK y t:IepBOHOMY nom. JliBCbKa- IIOJIOBHHa qepBOHOrO OpJia i IIOJIOBHHa 6iJIOrO Be~Me~SI y 30JIOTHX KOpOHaX. ,l(oporH'IHHCbKa MaJia rep6 BeJI:MKoro KHR3iBCTBa Jl:MTOBCbKOro, a Ha .z::r.pyroM)' 6oQi - 6iJioro opJia y qepBOHOMY no11i. KHiBCbKa 3eMJI.R MaJia Ha nparropi Jo6pa:>KeHH.R cB.s:rToro IOpiR, .RK:MM CIIMCOM npOHI13Y€ 3Mi.s:r, y q epBOHOMY noJii, aHa .z::r.pyroMy 601..\i - 6iJ1HM

Be,D;Ml,ll;b y 3eJ1eHOMY llOJil. IJpycCbKe KH.R3iBCTBO MaJIO l.IOpHOrO Oplla, a 3 KpHJI BHHHKa€ 036pO€Ha p}'Ka, HKa TPI1Ma€ oroJieHoro Me qa, a caM npanop qepnoHHM. CiJieJbKe KH.R3iBcTBO- 6i11oro rp11cpa y qepnoHoMy noJii, a caM npanop 6imdf. MoJI,naBCbKe BOEBO.U.CTBO- roJiosa 3y6pa, Mi:>K poraMH RKOro- 3ipKa y MicRI..{i, qepe3 Hi3.u,pi npOTRrHeHO KiJibl..{e, y 6naKHTHOMY noni. 3aTOpCbKe KH.R3iBCTBO- y 6JiaKI1THOMY noni 6iJim1 open, Ha rpy.n;mc HKOro niTepa Z. OcseHI..{iMcbKe KHR3iBCTBO- qopHI1H open, Ha rpy,nHx RKoro nhepa 0, y JiaJyponoMy noJii. MaJoBe.QbKe KHR3iBCTBO - 6iJI:Mi1: ope11 y qepnoHOM}' noJii. CJiynCbKe KHR3iBCTBO - qepBOHH:H rp11cp y 6iJIOM)' llOJii. IJOMOpCbKe KHR3iBCTBO .QbOrO )I( KJieHHO,ZJ;a ymHBa€ Ha CBO€M}' rrpanopi. Ilepe.n; caMOIO TPYHOIO CJiaBHoi naM 'Rri KopoAA CHri3M}'H.D;a AsrycTa ixan BeJibMO:>KHHH naH Mau;e:H:oBCbKHH y BO€HHOM)' o6Jia.z::r.YHK)', TOHKO i .l(}')l(e MaHcrepHo 03.D;06JieHOM)' cpi6JIOM Ta,noporO.QiHHHM KaMiHHRM, mo Bpa3HJIO BciX JIIO,n;e:H:. I I (c. 170) BiH ixan Ha KOWTOBHO B6paHOM)' KOHi, B py.Qi TPHMaB oroneHoro Meqa, sneplll.H i1oro rocTpRKOM y 6iK. TioTiM ixaB a6poeHoceQb y .>Ka.JI06HOM)' OJV13i, cnycTHBWM s6iK cnuca, TPHMaiO'IH Ha nJJe'li KOpOJiiBCbKMH

201

KHHrA I ll{HT. lloTiM O~HH CeHaTop, KOTpOM}' Qe 6yno ~opyqeHO, Hie 30JIOTe H6JI}'KO Ha KIUTaJITTJI06yca. ):(pynli:i CeHaTOp Hie KOpOH}', a TpeTiH- KOpoJiiBCbKe 6epJIO 3ri~Ho 3 nops.,nKoM. A npe,ncTaBHHKH scix nposiHQii:f ixaJIH nepe~ HHMH. CnoqaTKY i:fiUJia mJis.xTa, a noTiM MicbKHi:f ceHaT, spewTi npocTOJIIO~. 9TOCJliiJo6Hicm, HUIJIH npou.ecii 3 ycix KOCTbOJiiB y seJIHKii:f KiJibKOCTi Jiro.nei:f, TaKO)f( .niTH cmaHi8 npu tiO;{.OpOHQJ( 3 ycix IUKiJI, a 3a HHMH cniBaKH i1 MY3HKH, SIKi 3ri~Ho 3i 3BnqaeM i1:IUJIH, iKa1(£JpOAA Jii6Ho cniBaiOqH; CJii~OM 3a ~yxOBHHMH OC06aMH - ~OKTOpH H MaricTpH pa3oM ai csoiMM cry~eHTaMH 3i 3HaMeHHToi KpaidBchKOi AKa.neMii. TioTiM i:flliJIO nOHa,[( t.IOTHpH THCHt.Ii J(06ipHHX JIIO~eM, B~HrHeHHX y )l(aJI06Hi MaHTii, 3i csi"tJaMH. KoJIM iK TiJio BHeCJIH .n.o aaMKy, ~o Ka<Pe~paJibHoro KoCTbOJIY cs. CTaHicnasa, TO iKaJI06Hi u.epeMoHil, HaJie)I(Hi TaKii1 oco6i, 6ym1 no6oiKHO si.nnpasJieHi. llicJisr nponosi~i ocTaHHiM npoMoBJIHB a6aT MorHJibCbKHH, ~OCBi~'leHHi:f B HayQi Ta CB.SIT06JIHBOCTi; llOTiM Bci, SIKHaHnOpHJ(Hillie i HKHaHnpHCTOHHime 3)J.iHCHHBlliH KOpOJiiBCbKi QepeMOHii, TiJIO KOpOJI.H 3 Hai:f6iJiblliHMH noqecT.HMH llOKJiaJIH y KanJIHQi HOfO npe.n.KiB noMiiK noJibCbKHMH KopoJIHMH. TaM iKe xopyH)I(i csoi Koporsu cnycTMJIM )J.O)l.OJIY, a 36pOEHOCeQb 6iJI.H KOpOJiiBCbKOfO capKo<Para B KOCTbOJii CKOqHB 3 KOH.H, noTpo~HB cnHca :H KHHYB Meq Ha 3eMJIIO. KoJIH iK cnisaHo Agnus Dei, KOpOHHi KaHQJiep Ta ni,[(KaHl.(Jiep, KOTpi CaMi HeCJIH KOpOJiiBCbKi peraJiil :i1 nocoxH, noJiaMaJIH ix, a iHmi ceHaTopH nomTMBO nocKJia.D.aJIH Ha sisTapi JOJIOTe .sr6JiyKo, KopoHy i1 KopoJiiBcbKe 6epJio. KpaKiBCbKi iK Mill\aHH "tJJIHMJIH iKaJI06Hi QepeMOHii y napa<Pi.srJibHOMY KOCTbOJii, a Ha .n:pyrHH ,lJ.eHb nO BciX KOCTbOJiaX Bci €llHCKOllH H.D.yxOBHi 3BepXHHKH Bi,nnpaBHJIH CB.SITi Jliryprii 3a .n:ymy llOMepJIOfO KOpOJI.H, KOTpOMy fOCllO,lJ.b 3BOJ1HB )J,aTH si'lHHH cnoKiii y He6ecHoMy u.apcTBi. AMiHh.

f E H PI K, v

TIOJibCbKI111 KOpOJib

Jl1(UJO Y,bozo naua onucamu, 11ozo no;coo:HCeuHSl u nocmaBy, 11To ue 6y6 6u y,e morz:uuu uozo onuc, 1Jo 1(9po!li6cb1(a oocmouuicmb nepefJull};y£ t<pacy, 'l(fJJl.u :JfC rz:uuumb uezapno, mo 6y6ae uu:HC"lo10 (}ii) uei. 1Jo 6iu {1({Jp01l.bj oompu.M.y(}a(} c(}ozo CJlo(}a, :JICU{j y 1ia.Memi, tt(uuu6 cnpa6eo!lu6uii cyo, 6o!lo0iwrz:u X9pou01o. I I (c. 171) f})oC5lZHy6 6iu no;cBMu, oocJlzuyB i cfl.a8u, 36epiz 6u :HCum171.fl, yuu1(uy6 6u ueCJia8u, 5Vr.e, ueg6a:HCa10"lU ua c6oi Be!lul(j. o6ilJ.,flHI(JL, uecnoOiBaHO Ca.M cBoi..Ntu omM.u npug6i6 nollbUJY iJo uo6u;cga6opymenb . .9l. lJ1,0 :JfC uoM.y Ja y,e !Tocno& 1Joz? Jfeoo6zo y,eu 1({Jp01l.b nauy6a6 Y 0607( oep:HCa(}a~ 1Joz nOJ6a6u6 UOZO :JfCUm171.fl.

202

KHllrA I

PoKy 3 MOMeHry, KOJIM CMJia DO)I(a 3i CBOfO MHJIOCep,D..SI 3iHUIJia 3 He6a B JIIO~CbKiH no.n.o6i, 11\06 Bl.IMHHTM Harne cnaciHH.H, 1574. IliCJI.SI BiA6YTT.H nHmHoro noxoposy KopOJI.H CHri3M)'H~a ABrycTa sci 3BepxHMKH i1: Hai1roJioBHimi naHH KopoHH, TaKO)I( i BeJIHKOro KH.H3iBcTBa liHTOBCbKoro, pychKi, npyccbKi, Ma3oBe:QbKi iT. .n;. Ta iHmHx capMaTCbKHX npoBiH:QiH nory)I(Hi o6HBaTeJii CKJiaJIM l.IOpHMH )l(aJI06HHH O,lJ..Sif. BoHH nparsyJIH I I (c. 172) o6paTM HOBoro, nop.H.LJ.Horo KopoJIH, naJiaJIH IU;O)];O HbOfO HeCKa3aHHHM 6a)l(aHH.SIM, He iHaKme HK O:Qi OTIJ;i B neKeJibHiH 6e30.LJ.Hi, He WKOAYBaJIM KOlliTiB , npaQi, cTapaHH.H, no.n.opO)I(Hix BHTpaT 3aAJIH smaHfBaHH.SI TaKol 3Hal.IHOI oco611 . .H MaB 611 T}'T .n;osro nepepaxoBysaTM )];MBHi Ta HeCKa3aHHO rapHi O)];Hf Ta y6opu, KOTpHMH .SIK npH,D;BOpHi noJI.SIKH, TaK i 6araTi i1: 11\e.n.pi pycbKi Ta JIMTOBCbKi o6nBaTeJii o.u;ae o.n;aoro nepeBHIIJ;yBaJIM; KO)I(eH 3 HHX 3 HaM6iJiblliHM KOIIITOM CBOIO JII060B )J;O HOBQro KopoJIH BM.HBJIHB. BoHM 3 BeJIMKOIO yBa)I(HicTro B6HpaJiucn, TOM B IIIHTi 30JIOTOM lllaTu, TOM - cpi6JioM, TOM - B po3mHTi 6icepoM, TOM - B piaHHH moBK, TOM-B pi3Hi nypnyp11, TeMHO-CHHi, 6JiaKHTHi MaTepil, npuqoMy w;o.u;an H w;oro,D.HHH nepes.n.nraJIHCH B iHIIIi. BoEHHi o6Jia,u;yaKu 6yJIH KOlllTOBHO 03,D;06JieHi p;oporoQiHHHM KaMiHHHM, HKe ,D.06yBaiOTb B pi3HHX iH.n.iikbKHX Kpalaax Ta B JiyaMTaHCbKHX ropax. KoHi ni.n. HHMH Jie,D.Be He BciMa 6yJIH TaK y6paHi, nK ni.n. TeBKpaMM, npo KOTpnx po3nosi.n.ae Beprillii1, a6o ni.n. TpOHHQ$1MH, KOJIH ,lJ.O HHX npHI)I(,lJ.)I(aB MeMHOH 3 Ti€10 TaTapCbKOIO IIeHTeCMJii€10, npo HKHX DHIIIe roMep. TaKa TaM 6yJia noMne3HiCTb Ta rpel.IHicTb DOBa)I(HMX llOJIHKiB, ID;O B3araJii ix HiXTO He Mir nepeBHID;HTM. KpaKiB- roJIOBHe KopoHHe MicTo- ai6paB y co6i Bee, w:o MOrJio 3HaHTHCJt

203

KHHrA I ,llJUI npeKpaeHoro npHBiTaHHH TaKara 3HaMeHMTaro BaJia,napH; BaHM

HieKiJibKM He IDKO)].}'BaJIM npa~i, KOIDTiB i BHTpaT. He 3ra,.l(YIO npa iHmi npH· saTHi peqi: "'MeTi BYJIHQi, KaTpHMH Mas ixaTH KapaJib i1aro MaCTb, YKBiT"'aHi eBi)KOIO 3eJieHHIO nonepe"'Hi nyJIMQi; .ny)Ke rapHo 6JIMJ..QaJIM eTiHM, a3,no6JieHi mnaJiepaMii 8 npHKpameHi B pi3HHM cnoci6 30JIOTOM Ta cpi6JioM. Bee Te, ma 3 )KaJio6H 3a nanepe,nHiM noMepJIMM KopaJieM aa<f:>ap6ysanoeH [ qopHMM KOJibOpOM), Bee Qe rapHO O"'MCTHJIOCH iJ B 'iJ)].OM HOBOrO KOpOJIH feHpiKa AH)KyMebKOro, J..QO BHKJIHKaJIO Ha)J.3BJ1qaiiHHM DO)].MB JIIO)].eM. rroCOJibeTBO Te)K, J..QO MOfJIO 3i eBora 6oKy BMfa)J.aTH, TOM "111HMJIO, BiKHa 6yJIH }'BHTi WIIOJ..QeM, HJiiB~eM Ta iHlllHMM piJHHMH BiHQHMH; iHUJi )f( llaJIHJIH BOrHi Ha BYJIHQHX, "'MHMJIH caniOTH, 6e3HacTaHHa cTpiJIHJIH 3 rapMaT, MymKeTiB Ta pi3HOI BOrHeDaJibHOI 36poi, a 3 Be)f(, 6amT, 6acTiOHiB Ta 3 iHUIHX np11,naT· HHX )].JIH Qboro MiCQb nycKaJIH cpeEpnepKM. He 6y11o TaM )f(O)J.Horo He.n.onyraro, eTapara, xaoporo i1 JiiHHBoro, HKHM 611 He BMHBJIHB HaJie)f(HMX y Qei1 qac pa.n.omia. Kon11

aci peqi 6yn11 TaK rapHo 11 Ha)J.3BH"'ai1Ho )].HBOBH)f(HO

. . ,.. npHrOTOBaHl, BCl "'eKaJIM TOrO BeCeJIOrO )J.HSI B 13.D.Y HOBOrO KOpOJISI )J.O CTO· JIMQi KopoHH. Hoaoo6paHMM Koponb 3 aeJIHKMM rypTOM cppaHQy3iB Ta noJIHKiB np11ixas .n.o BaniQe, mo aa niBTopH MMJii ai.n KpaKoBa, i TaM maCJIHBO nepe6ysaB npOTHrOM QiJIOI HO"'i 3 BeJIHKOIO Ta HeBMMOBHOIO pa.n.iCTIO SIK caolx, TaK i noJIHKiB. Ha .n.pyr11i1, TaKHM .nonro)K)J.aHHH ,neHb, no3Ha"'eHHH 30JIOTHM KaMeHeM I/ (c. 173) aiciMHa)J.~HToro JIIOToro, pa.n.icHHM HaToan lliJIHXTH BMHWOB 3 ,naMiB i JanoJIOHMB MiehKi ayJIMQi, TMeHy"'MCb .n.o .noporM, J..Q06 DO)J.HBHTHCb Ha )f(a)J.aHY BeCeJiiCTb ~bOrO )].HH; TO)J.i pa.n.iJIH He TiJibKH JIIO,ll.H, a :H ycHKe CTBopiHH.H, aeJIHKe :H Mane. CoH~e cniTHJIO To.n.i 6e3HacTaHHO npOT.HrOM KiJibKOX TH)f(HiB, B)f(e He 3HMa, a HaMB,ll.SitiHiUia BeCHa BHSIBJI.H· JiacSI To,ni B ycix Jiexii1CbKHX 3eMJIRX. I

no.na panTOBO puHyJia nOTOKOM i3

BHCOKMX rip, TnopHtiH Hei1MonipHHi1 ryK, myM i menecTiHHH, TaK i

TYT· KOJIH

Koponb MaB BHpyUiaTH 3 BaniQe, He3JiitieHHa KiJibKicTb JIIO,nei1, niUIHX i KiHHMx, ceHary i1 npocTOJIIO.D.y, qoJioBiKiB Ta )f(iHOK, HKY MO)f(Ha nopiBHHTM 3 aii1cbKOM u;ap.H KcepKca, cTana Ha KopoJiiBCbKOMY lliJIHxy, HanoBHIOIOtiH co6o10 sci noJI.H, rop11, narop611, .n.opon1 1'1 nepe.n.MiCTR. O.n.Hi Jii3JIM Ha 6y.li.HHKH, ,npyri- Ha)].aXM M Ha KOCTbOJIH, TpeTi- Ha,ll.epena, J..QO poCJIH o6a6iq .li.OpOrH, nparHy"'H 3aMHRTH TaKi MicU.H, 3Bi)].KI1. MO)f(Ha 6yJIO 6 no6atiHTH oco6y TaKoro )f(a,naHoro rocTH i 3Bi.D.KH 6 BOHM MOrJIM i1oro .HKHai1JiinUie np11aiTaTI1. To.ni Hai1nepw11i1 ceHaTop, rHE3HeHCbKHM apxiEm1cKon, BI-mia Ha 3YCTpiq 3 KOpOJieM )].DiCTi 036po€HMX i npeKpaCHHX KOlliMHI1KiB B yropcbKOMY O.D.H3i, Ha qy.n.onJ-tx I<OHHX y /J.Oporou.iHHii1 36pyl. 3a HHMH iJ niH caM IXaB y qepBOHiH J<apeTi 3i CJiyraMH, n6paHHMH y qepBOHH11 OKCaMHT. 3 HHM CH.D.iJIH me .n.aa EnMcKom-t: A,n.aM KoHapcbKHH, no3HaHcbKI1rl, Ta DeTpo MMlllKOBCbK11M, DJIOl.{bKI111, a nepe.n. HHMH HCCJII1 KOWTOBHI1H xpecT. I1oTiM lxaJIH JibBiBCbKMH apxiEnHcKon CTaHicJJaB CJIOMOBCbKHii 3 KaM'HHCU.bKHM €llHCKOllOM, KOTpi Te)f( MaJIH np11 C06i BCJUH<y KiJJbKiCTb npeKpaCHO D6paHJ1X KiHHOTHMKiB. oJIM3hKO .no HMX 6ya KpaKiBCbKHH EnHCKon <l>paHQiweK KpaciHCbKHM, nepe.n KOTPMM lxa;m JJaHu.IOroM .n.niC'ri KiHHOTHHKiB a iTaJJiHChJ<OMY Ol-VI3i, n6paHHX y 6JiaKHTHm1 monK. 3a HHMH lxan11 KY.HBCbKm1

204

I{HHr A I enHcKon CTaHicJlaR LJapHKOUCbKm13 xeJlMiHChKMM €nMci<onoM i 3 JleH'·H1LtbKHM BOEBO)J.OIO, s6paHi ~OCHTh nHWHO. KpaKiBChKMH KauiTeJHIH, Hai'mepunu1 nicJI.s~ €nHci<onin, npe3eHTyBan I<opoJieni i1oro MOCTi ~BicTi Konii1HMKin, n6paHUX Ha rycapCbKHif Jia~, B O,lJ,.H3i, p03WHTOMY 30JIOTOM Ta cpi6JlOM. DoTiM BHcTynaJIM 3 BeJIMKOIO nosaroiO BOEBO~H, Mi)K KOTPHMH Hai1nep1IIHMM 6yJln KpaKiBChKMH i3 CaH~OMHpCbKMM reHepaJibHH.M KaniTaHOM, .s~Ki BeJIM TpMcTa My)l<iB, y6paHMX y 30JlOTO i1 cpi6Jio Ha KlliTaJIT n'.s~TM ropu:is Ta yropcbKMX xopBaTiB. CaH~OMHpCbKMH BO€Bo~a 3 6paTOM, xopyH• v • • • ' :>KHM KOpOHHMM, BMBeJIM Ha 3YCTpP-I KOpOJIIO MOrO MOCTI )l,BlCTl ll .SIT~eC.HT KiHHMX, 036pO€HMX i )l.JI.H napa~y, i )l.JI.SI 6HTBI1 no-rycapCbKI1, ~0 6JII1lll,aJII1 Bi,n 30JIOTa H cpi6Jia. 3a HI1MM HlliJI11 OCBei-n.:(iMCbKHH Ta 6)1<e3iHCbKI1H KalUTeJI.SIHH, KOTpi 6yn11 y KOWTOBHOMY O,li,.H3i Ta y6paHCTBi. I I (c. 174) DoTiM KaJiiChKHH BO€BO)l,a BiB CBOI npeKpacHi ll0JIKI1 yropCbKHM CTpO€M ni)l. ~opo rHMl--1 KJieHHO~aMM. 3a HHM ilUOB CBi'foq ni'fqJ13HH H HenpHCryiTHa Beil<a qecHOT- cepa,ll,3hKHH BOEBO,ll,a AJih6pexT JiacbKMH, KOTpHi1, ,li,HB}'IOql1 scix, npeKpacHo BiB CBOIX qQTHpHCTa rycapiB, B)l,.HrHeHHX no-nepCM,li,CbKI-1. 3a 3aranbHMM BM3HaHH.HM, BiH oTpHMaB Mano He nepwe Min~e y L(bOM}' napa~i. TaK niH rapHo i1 nop.H,li,HO ywMI<ysan enol noJII<H, ~o i1 MY:>K He noTpe6ynan TaM iHWOrO KOH.H, a KOHIO He nacynaB 611 iHliiMH Bep1IIH11K. floTiM nO,niJibCbKI1H BO€BO,na~O,ll,aB 03~0611 CBOIM 3arOHOM i3 CTa n'.HT,ll;eCHTH KiHHOTHHKiB. IJoTiM HaHrOJIOBHiliii JIHTOBCbKi Ta pychKi naHI1 BeJIM CBOI eCKOpTl-1, n6paHi 3a BeJIHKHH KOWT, Hid 6yn11 3,naTHi i Ha BeciJIJIH, i Ha 6ii1. Hai1nepliiMM 3 HHX 6yn BiJieHCbKI-1H BOEBo,na, KHH3b MMKOJiai1 IOpii1 Pa)l.3MBiJIJI. BiH 3a)l.JI.sl 03~0611 Bi'fqH3HH 3i CBOrO CeHaTOpCbKOrO 060B 'H3KY npe3eHryBaB Kopomo i1oro MOCTi rpeqHe i1 nHliiHe pHQapcTBO 3 ,li,06ipHoi MOJio,ni. Tip1--1 HbOM}' 6yn TPOQbKHH KawTeJIHH, npeKpacHHH i KOHeM, i o.n.HrOM, qMHHB Qe CaMe 3 He MeHlii )l.06pHMM BOHKaMM. floTiM iKM}'~CbKHH reHepaJibHHH CTapocra .HH Xo,nKenHq, M}'iK eHeprii1HMH Ta po3ToponHHH HK ni.n. qac BiHHH, TaK i MHpy, HapO.lJ.:>KCHI1H ~JI.SI BCJIHKMX cnpas, .lJ.OCHTb )l.06pe BHHBHB Peqi llOCDOJIMTiH CHJI}' CBOrO )l.yxy 3i 36pOHHHM pHQapCTBOM. IloTiM ll~CKap6iH Qboro :>K BenMKoro KH.H3iscrsa JIMTOBCbKoro 3eMCbKHH i MiHCbKHH KawTeIDIH llOKa3aB CBii1,ny:>Ke rapHHH KiHHHH CCKOpT. IloTiM Ha)l.BipHHH Mapwa· JIOK KHH3b MHKOJiai1 KpHliiTo<f> Pa)l.3HBiJIJI BiB cBilf ecKopT, cnopH)l.:>KeHMH 3a seJIHKHH KOIIIT no-iTanii1cbKH. IToTiM i naH reTbMaH noJibHHH, KpalfqMii, CTOJibHHK, ni,n;CTOJiiH, ni,n;qamHH BCJIM CBOI CCKOpTH npeKpaCHO s6paHi: XTO no-iTanii1cbKH, xTo no-rycapcbKH, XTO no-yropcbKH. BoHH npeKpacHo )l.e· MOHCTpynanM pHQapcbKi Tpa,li,HQil i B o~H3i, i1 y 3BHqCUix. Byno u qHMaJIO iHmHx, KoTpHx, HK6M B3HTMCH nepepaxosysaTM, TO H~osro 6 Qe nepepaxysaHH.H 3aTHrJIOC.H 6; MMH}'B 6H )l;CHb, SIK6H DOpSI)l.HO nepepaxysaTH BciX, 30KpeMa, SIKi naHM, .HKi KH113i Ta rpa<PH a'iXaJIHCSI3Bi.zzyciJib TO.Ui Ha QeH HaH· .n;o6ipHimHii 6eHKeT. CaMoi TinbKH .n;o6pe o36poeHoi JIHTBH 6yno 1YI' KiJI&Ka rnc.Hq, BOHH 6ynH a.n;aTHi i .n;o BiHHH, i .n;o 6eHKery. CaM KHiBCbKHH soeso.n;a KH.H3b KocTSIHTHH 0cTp03bKHH a .n;soMa CHHaMM, O,li,HH s6paHHH no-iTaniH· CbKH, a .npyrHu - no-KoaaQbKH, npu6ynu B .nopoai .no Qboro ai6paHoro KO· poHHOrO puQapCTBa. floTiM 6paWiaBCbKHH BO€BO,Aa BHBiB )l.BicTi ,A06ipHHX

205

KHHrA I BOJiliHidB, B6paHHX 3a BeJIHKliM KOUIT i 03,A06JieHMX rrO-K03al.'(bKH, 3 JI}'JGlMH, 3 caraii,AaKaMH.

(c. 175)

lloTiM KYJibMCbKlu1, Ma.Jih60pKcbKHM Ta no-

MopchKHH €llHCKOllH npe3eH'I)'Ba.JIH KOpOJIIO if oro MOCTi CBO€ ,ny»<e KOWTOBHe HiMel.'(hKe B6paHHH. )J,yJibCbKHI1:, TC)K npycc, 3ri,nHO 3i CBOIM lliJIHXeTCbKHM CTaHOBHII.{eM npe)l.CTaBHB CBO€MY Maif6YTHbOMY BOJIO)l.apesi TpH.nU:HTh WiCTb KiHHHX 036pO€HHX rycap, B6paHHX y ll030JIOl.leHi WOJIOMH-npHJI6Hu:i. Bsa)Kaif, 3Bi,nycinh KopoHHi naHH 3acni.n.t.~ynanM cBoi npnxHJihHiCTb Ta 3Hl.IJIHBicTb 3ri,nHO 3i CB0€10 3Hat.~HicTIO, KO)KCH BMSIBJIHB CBiH CMJibHMH ,nyx. Tp JIH, rpa<P 3 TeHt.~HHa,

TYT JIH,

rpa¢ BoifHiU:hKHH,

TYT AH,n)Kei;f,

6eJI3hKHH

KawTeJIHH, MY)K 3 po,AOBMToro i cTapoBMHHoro ,noMy, si,noMHH3HaMeHHTMv

•

• v

•

MH cnpaBaMH, My,npMM 1 eHepriHHHM, BHCTaBHB )l.BlCTl ll SIT)l.CCHT KlHHHX Konii1HHKiB, no-rycapcbKH s6paHHX, .n.ocHTh ,no6pHx,

i3 UJ;HTaMH i1 PYliiHH-

U:SIMH. H e nocTyna.rr:HcH iM BHCTasneHi MY)I{HiMH fep6ypTaMH .n.ocsi.n.t.~eHi )KOBHipH B waTax i y6paHCTBi. Ui fep6ypTH- MY)Ki ,nocni.n.tJeHi y pa.n.i, MY.n.pocTi, pHu:apcbKHX niifchKOBHX i MHpHHX cnpanax. TaKo)K KaM'HHeU:hKHH

150 l.IOJIOBiK KiHHOrO )l.06poro BiticbKa, .nocsi.n.t.~eHoro B pm:.'(apcbKHX en pasax. lloTiM BHCTYfiaiOTh AHKalUTeJIHH

3aBHXOCTOBCbKHH llOCTaBHJIH no

)J.)KCH BanOBCbKHH i3 COTHCIO 036po€HMX BOHKiB, KaliiTeJISIHH 6eQbKHH Ta pa,n.OMCbKHH3 neBHOIO KiJihKiCTIO BOSIKiB 3fi)J.HO 3i CB0€10 ITOCa)J,OIO. flicJIH HHX CTaHicnas, rpa<P 3 TapHosa, nexaHOBCbKHH KawTeJIHH, BHBO)J.HB csii1

i3 )J.BOXCOT BOHKiB ni)J. )J.OporHMM, BHranrysaHHMH 30JIOTOM Ta cpi6noM KOporsaMH, 3i cnHcaMH ii ll{HTaMH; siH npe3eHrysas TanpeKpaCHHH CCKOpT

KO)K )J.Bi rapMaTH, 3p06JieHi MaHCTepHO i 3a seJIHKHM KOWT. floTiM Ha napa,n. TaKOfO 3Hal.IHOf0 BOJIO)J.ap.H np116yno 3i CBOIMH ,no6pe YWHKOBaHHMH BOHKaMH 6araTO iHWHX KaWTeJIHHiB, nepepaxosysaTH HKHX HeMa€ qacy. TaKO)K i KopoHHHH KaHI.VIep 3 seJIHKHM ni.n.cKap6ieM €poHiMoM Ey)KHHChKHM, ri.n.Hi ceHaTopH, si,AoMi scimtKMMH qecHoTaMH

11 ni06os'IO .n.o siTqM3HH, HKi

llOKa3a.JIH CBO€ npeKpacHO cnopH)J.)KeHe BiHCbKO. floTiM- Ha)J.BipHHM MaplllaJIOK AH.n.:>Kei1 OnaniHChKMH, 3Bi.n.ycinh oTot.~eHHH seJII1KHMH MO:>KHOCTHMH, BHBO)J.HB CBiH CCKOpT i3 ciM,neCHTH n'HTbOX WJIHXTH"'iB, )J.06pe 036po€HHX no-iTani:tichKH. KonoHy 3aMHKaJIH Kal.llTeJIHHM, TaKO:>K Haiisa)lumsillli CTapOCTH MiCT i 3aMKiB KOpOJIH HOrO MOCTi, KOTpi npHHaHMHi He llOCTYfia· JIHCH nonepe,u.HiM Hi BeJIHKOIO KiJibKiCTIO JIIO,lJ.eH, Hi npeKpaCHMM y6paHHSIM, O)J.HHM BOHH 6yJIM piBHHMM, a iHwHx qacTKOBO

nepesumysaJIH. Jho6-

JiiHCbKHM BO€BO)J.a MaQeMOBCbKI1H i3 CMHOM Ta BHyKaMM, 11.{0 MaJIH oco6JIHBi t.~ecHOTM, npe3eHrynan HOBOMY KopoJIIO .n.sicTi KiHHOTHHKis i3 w;MTaMH i1 seJIHqeJHMMH yropcbKHMM npanopu,SIMM. YHMaJIO

iHwMx JIIO.LJ.ei1, .n.y:>Ke

3HaqHHX, BHI:>K.LJ.:>Kano Ha 3ycTpit.~ Hosoro Kopon.H. ,lJ,JHJIHHCbKi, CeQJUHbOBChKi, KaM'HHeu,hKi, Ou,echKi, KocTeJieiJ,hKi, ToMHIJ,hKi, rHe3HeHChKHM KawTeJI.HH

i3 CHHOM,

fla.n.HeBCbKi, oa:>Ki, EoHapH, MHWKOBChKi,

I I (c.l76)

,li,poescLKi, Jlel.llHbOBOJibChKi, CTaWKOBCbKi, HeMCTH. BHBO)J.MJIM csoi 03)J.06Hi llOJIKH TaKO)l( Pei, HKi Ha KWTaJIT Jle6e)J.iB Ha KOpOHOBaHOMY ll{MTi Ha cnolx rpy.n.Six MaiOTb 6iJii JiiJiii, Hi611 6iJI11x opnis. TaKO:>K HocKOBChKi, Een:>KeU,hKi, 3aMOMCbKi Ta He3JiiqeHHa KiJibKiCTb iHlllMX KOpOHHHX naHiB, TaKO:>K iHwi KiHHi IUJISixeTCLKi si.McbKa cnosHHJIH Maii:>Ke nci MicbKi 6paMH

206

i1 nepe,n.-

KHHrA I MiCT.H 3 TpbOX 60KiB . .lJ.aop.HHM TaKO)I{ i nOKO€Bi JIO>KHI1'·Ji nOMCpJIOrO KOpO· JI.H CJiaBHOI naM'.HTi CKJia.D.aJIH He MeHll.l l1J111JHI1M 110\iCT: O.U,Hi 3 HHX 0}'1111 a6paHi no-iTaJiiiicbKH, .n.pyri- no-rycapcbKM3 MarepKaMH, y cpi611i :H 30JIOTi, XTO B WaTax, XTO }' BiMCbKOBOM}' 06Jia.D.}'HK)', a Kpamoro, Hi>K Ti eCKOpTH, He MO>KHa 6}'JIO TO.D.i aHi no6a'IHTI1, aHi }'.HBMTM. T aKO>K i KOHi KO>KHOrO CCHaTOpa Ta KOpOHHMX naHiB }' pi3HOMaHiTHOM}' s6paHHi Ta BiMCbKOBMX 06Jia,ll.}'HKaX ,ltO,ltaBaJIH 'IHMaJIO lll1WHOCTi napa.zr.y. flicJI.R CeHaTOpCbKHX Ta wJinxeTCbKMX noJIKiB MlliJIM MimaHH 3 npocTOJIIO.z:tOM, .RKMX 6yJio KiHHOTH B O,ll.513i HiMe~bKHX peHTapia CTO p,aa,n~.SITb, a lliXOTM- \iOTHpHcTa, sci BOHH B npez<paCHOM}' a6paHHi, }' pi3HOKOJlbOpODl1X 6apnax DeCeJIO npe3eHT)'DaJI11CR. 3a HMMM JfWJll1 pi3Hi 'lexn 3i CBOIMH npeKpaCHMMH KOpOrBaMH, BOHH He ncysanM iHmHM HacTpoiO. TaK caMO tiMHMJIM KJienapcbKi, cTpa.UOMCbKi i;i Ka3HMHpcbKi MimaHH, nKi 3aMHRJIH MiCI."(.R sii1cbi<a 6iJI.R EpOHbODM~b Ta Jlo63oscbKoro noJin. To.n:i KOpOJib 3i csoiM cppaHQ}'3hKHM pHQap-

CTBOM np116ya 3 seJIMKHM Ta rapHHM notiTOM 3 sawKOHaMH. Dp11 HbOM}' 6yJia TaKO>K seJIMKa KiJibKicTb HawHx noJinKis. Tyr sci CTaJIM TpiyMcpyaaTM, CMJibHO CTpiJIRT.H 3 rapMaT, 3 raKiBHMQb 3aMKOBMX Ta MiCbKMX, 6HTM B 6apa6aHM, cypMHTM pi3HMMM Tpy6aMM, 3si.zzyciJib "MWJia .JI}'Ha ai.n: aeceJIMX 3B}'KiB: «TapaTaHTapa, TapaT (aHTapa] » , HeCKa3aHHa pa.zr.iCTb }' cepQi KO)I{HOrO CllQH}'KaJia TpiyMcpynaTM. TaM )l{e nJIOQbKMH €nMcKon MuwKOBCbKMH B.ll:R'lHOIO nOBa)I{HOIO MOBOIO npusiTas KopoJI.R ai.n: iMeHi acix ceHaTopia. Ei6paK ai;:(

iMeHi KOpOJI.R .lzy)l{e rpel.IHO si,nnoBiB Ha BCe. TioTiM Ka3MM.HpCbKi, KpaKiBCbKi

i1 KJienapcbKi

Mi~aHH 3 noKipHoiO ssit.IJIMBiCTIO 6a)l(aJIH MOM}' .n:osroro

)I{H'ITR, i BOHM Te>K OTpHMaJIM npH€MH}' H CllOBHeH}' Ha.D.il si,a;nosi,nb. flpHHHRBWH n03.D:OpOBJieHHH, KOpOJib OXO'le OfJIHH}'B BCi BiHCbKa Ta ll0l.ITI1, rapHO ywuKosaHi, npeKpacHo 3a,n:osoJibHHB QHM BM.LJ:OM caoi O'li "M cepQe. Cnpaa,n:i, TaM TaK 6yJio 6araTO 36poi1HMX ii.no6pe }'WHKOBaHHX BOHKiB, mo ,UC.RKi JIIO,D;H, KOTpi p03}'MW11CR Ha pHQapCbKHX cnpasax, TBep,n:HJIH, ~0 Qi a i "McbKa MOrJIH 6 cTaTH npoTH Ha"MnorymHimoro aopora. llywKapi i1 CTpillbQi 6e3HaCTaHHO CTpiJIRJIH 3 rap MaT, 3 raKiBHHQb, 3 M}'WKeTiB, TaK ~o ryKH Ta 3B}'KH po3JI.RraJIHCH

Kopollb I

(c.

a)l{

ni.u; He6o. B)l(e 6y11a ro,n;HHa HO'li, KOJIH

177) Ha 6iJIOM}', pocJIOM}' i

KpacHBOM}' KOHi, RKHH 6ya aa.n.-

3BH'lai1Ho KOUITOBHO y6paHHH, 3 HeCKa3aHHOIO pa,n:iCTIO BeCeJIO s'ixaB ,D;O MiCTa qepe3 6paMy CB. JiopinHa, RKa 6JIH~aJia Bi.D: llOJI}'M' R CMOJIOCKHlliB. ,ll;y)l(e I<paCHBHH KOpOJib, CH,D;$1'111 Ha KOHi, ni,D;HOCHBCH BHCOKO HClA yciMa TaK, ~o "Moro aai.n:ycinb 6yno sH,n;Ho. A I<pai<iBChKi pai1Qi aecJIH Ha.n. HHM (l)K ni.n: aaMOK aonory napacoJihK)'. KopoJib 6ya 30,D;RrHeHHH y qopHi wosKQBi maTH, ni,a;mHTi pHCR"liHM xyrpoM. Bami<oHiB, To6To cTpiJibl."(iB cppaHQ)'3hKoro I<opoJIH, 6y11o 40, a waeiiQapl."(iB 3 ane6ap,n;aMH- 60, nepe.n: HHMH HWJIH ,ABa 6apa6aH~HKH i ,ABa ,ny.n:api, BOHH llHJibH}'BaJIH KOpOJIR RK CTO· po)l(a; nepeJIHBaJIHCR ixHi siaepyH'lacTi wosi<osi aeneHO-)I(OBTi maTH. Ha nepwoM}' Micl."(i 6iJIR KoponH 6yne KHR3i HeaepcbKi ii ,ll;IOMeHeHCbKi, MapI<· rpa<PH enb6JIOH3bKi, repQor

iJe Fi3 Ta iHllli

HauroJIOBHillli <PpaHQ}'3H Ta

KOpOJiiBCbKi ,D;BOp.siHH; KO)I(HOrO 3 HHX ,AJI.R 6iJiblliOI llO'IeCTi H nowaHH seJIH Mi)l( .n:soMa BO€Bo,n:aMH, a cnepe.n:y, nocepe,nHH~, 33ClA}' Hl.I.Llla seJIHKa

207

KHllrA I KiJibKiCTb 6apa6aHID;HKiB, .A)',AapiB M Tpy6a'liB, i KO)KeH 3 HHX Hie ni,A XMapH cain 3BYK «TapaTaHTapa>>, DoTiM unum opaTopH i1 neraTH pbHHx KHH3ia Ta naHiB, nicJIH HHX Kynu pi3Horo npocTOJIIO.Ay, HKi nparHynu no6a'lHTH KopoJIH i Hara.n.yaanu co6o10 MfpawHHK. BaraTo 3 HHX, 3a6yaw11 npo nopHAOK, CBiH CTaH i BOKa~iiO, CTaBaJIH TaM, ,l(e KOMfCb i3 HHX S,AaBaJIOCSI 3aMHHTI1 Mic~e, 60 BCe, ID;O )KHJIO, nparHyJIO no6a'lHTH HOBOrO KOpOJIH: O,AHi 3aJia3HJII1 Ha 6y.UHHKI1, Ha ,naXH, iHWi Ha Myp11 Ta CTOSDH 'linJIHJIHCH, sci siKHa, Bci 6paMH, sci taHKH H Kp)'3taHKH CDOBHHB HaTOBD TaK, ID;O )KQ,AHOI CTiHH H: )KO,AHOro MiCUH He 6yno BH.UHO. Bee 6yno 3anosHeHe JIIO,AhMH, a6u HKHa:HKpam;e no6a'lHTI1 Ha BJiaCHi O'li KOpOJIH. KOJIH B)Ke npOI)K,A)KaJIH 'lepe3 pHHOK, TO TaK CHJibHO S,AapHJIH S 6apa6aHI1, 3acypMHJIH B Tp)'6H, CTaJIH CTpinHTH 3 rapMaT, 3 raKiBHH~b, 3 MyruKeTiB, ID;O D03aKJia.n,aJIO ayxa BciM TaM npHCfTHiM, KOTpi npHIXaJIH Ha napa.n,. Tiepe,A CaMOIO 3aMKOBOIO 6paMOIO 6yJia MaHCTepHO 3p06JieHa TpiyM<f>aJibHa apKa, 03,A06JieHa 30JIOTHMH wnaJiepaMH, 6iJIH HKHX Tpy6a'li, cypMa'li, 6apa6aHID;HKH M ,l(y,Aapi Bi,Ap06JIHJIH cno10 nosHHHiCTb. Ha caMOM}' )I( sepxy se)Ki 6ys 6in11H: opeJI, 3po6JieHHH ,AeJiiKaTHO i1 MaifcTepHo, HKHM Mas Ha rpy.A51X HaMaJibosaHi 6iJri Jii.nil. BiH o6epTascH Ha sci 6oKH, KY.UH 6 HOBHH Koponb 3i csoiMH He3JiitJeHHHMH .. . eCKOpTaMH CS0€10 npeKpaCHOIO nepCOHOIO He IXaS, CTpinysas KpHJiaMH, HaxHJIHs ronosy, sH51SJIHIO'lH pa.nicTb. Kon11 )I( Ha 3aMoK s 'i)K.A)I(aB, sci rapMaTH, MaJii H SeJIHKi, 3 ycix Se)K, 6amT i 3aMKOSHX 6aCTiOHis SMCTpLnHJIH sorH51HHMH 6JIHCKaBKaMH, I I (c. 178) a)K 3a,ApH)KaJia 3eMJIH i sci nocTasneHi Ha HiM ¢yH,naMeHTH. 3,AasanocH, m;o caM IOniTep y csOEMf apceHani sunycTHS o.npa3y sci rpoMH i1 6JIHCKaSKH. TioTiM Tpy6a11i, cypMa'li Ta iHini pi3Hi Mf3HKH caoiM rapMoHiHHHM Ta seceJIHM pe30HaHCOM, 3.nasanocH, po3seceJIHJUI i1 He6eca. KopoJib s'ixas .no 3aMKy, .ne 3Haxo.nuscH 6iJIHH opeJI, 3p06JieHHM MaHCTepHO, KOWTOSHO H KpaCHBO, ID;O TpinOTJIHSMMH KpHJiaMM no.nasas 3HaK TpiyM<f>y. TaM, y Ka<f>e.npaJibHOMY KOCThOJii cs. CTaHicJiasa, KOpOJIH rapHo 11 maHo6JIHSO np11siTaJIH 11 n03JJ.OposHJIH sci KaHoHiKH . .HK TiJihKH 3 seJIHKMM Ha6o)KeHCTBOM si.nnpaBHJIH << Te6e, EoJice, XBG./l'UM,O», o.n. . pa3y )K KOpOJI.H nposeJIH ,l\0 KOpOJIISCbKOrO npeCTOJI)', TaM )l(e S naJia[(I, nicJI51 s3a€MHOro npom;aHH.H KopoHHHX naHiB niH 3aJIMIIIHBCH i1 Ha Hi 'I. Ha TpeTiH .neHb Koponh, 6y.nyqu a ceHaTi, qepe3 csoro npMBaTHoro KaH~nepa Ei6paKa no.n..HKyoas sciM KopoHHHM cTaHaM, m;o HOM)' .nonipHJIM naH)'BaTH TaKHM 3Hal.JHHM i TaKHM 6araTHM 3 He6eCHOI BOJii rocno.na Eora KoponisCTBOM. TaM 11<e niH npoc11s HaiisHu~oro Tsop~.H, m;o6 i IM caMHM, i scii1 Peqi 00CDOJIHTiH xpMCTH.HHCbKiH BiH (KopOJlb] 6ys KOpHCHHM, o6i~.HIOlJH 3 yci€10 TIHJihHiCTIO H CTapaHHiCTIO ,l\OKJiaCTI1 .ll,O ~bOrO p)'K, m;o6 3a)J.OBOJibHMTH ixHi Ha,nii Ta cno.n.isaHHH. TaM )Ke 6y;w npM3Ha'1eHo 11 KopoHa~iiO, 51Ka Mana cTaTHC.H Hen.n.onJi. Ha .npyrHH.D.eHb KopoHHHH pe<}lepeH.n.ap CeH.n.Jisoii KapHKOBCbKHH si.n iMeHi scix KopoHHHX naHiB npHsiTaB Hosoro KopoJIH npeKpaCI-1010 npOMOBOIO. y HiM BiH DiMaS HaJie)I(He Peqi nocnOJll·fTiH KOpoHHiH, 3Ha'1HOCTi KOpOJliBCbKOI t.IeCTi, i BKa3aS HaTe, ID;O O)J.He 3 .npyrnM yJrO)J.)K)'€Thcn. Bee u,e cno.n.o6anoc.H sciM ceHaTopaM. Bi.n. Kopon.H HaB3a€M 6yJla )J.aHa Bi)J.DOBi)J.b, ID;O KOpOJlb Ma€ '111HI1TI1 TiJlbKH )J.06pe, 11\0 BiH XO'lle D

208

KHHrA I u.inocTi i1 HeuopymHocTi 36eperru ace, nJ,o HOMJ .n,onipeHo. Kopo;rh aHRaHll rOTOBHiCTb CKpimiTM ace U,e He TiJihKH Ha DHCbMi, CBOIMM JIHCTaMH, aHaBiTb i Kpos' IO. U.boro )KJJ.HR npM 3axo.n.i coHIJ,SI KopoJHI6yno 3 noqecTRMH npose.n.eHo pa30M 3 JieraTOM HaifDH~OrO OT~51- nan11, 3 BeJIMKHM 3i6paHH$1M .n.yXOBeHCTBa Ta EnHcKonis, .n.o Ka3MMHpa Ha CKanKy, )l.O KOCTbony en. CTaHiCJiaBa, nonhCbKoro naTpoHa, .n.e i1oro [en. CTaHiCJiaBa] 6yno B6HTO. TaM KOpOJib no60)I<HO MOJII,fBCR focno.n.y oory i, TIOQinysaBWH CBRTHHIO 3 BeJIMKOlO nowaHOIO, nosepHYJ3C$1 .n.o 3aMKy. Ue Mic~e en. CTaHicnaaa Ha CKan~i MaiOTb 3ri)J.HO 3i 3BJ.iqa€M Bi)J.Bi)J.aTM nepe.n. KOpOHai..J,i€10 Bci flOJibCbKi KOponi. Y 3anycuy He)J.iJIIO 6yno 3)J.iMCHeHO 3 BeJIHKOlO TIOBarOIO Ta O)J.HOCTaMHMM Ha6o)l{eHCTaOM KopoHa~iiO. Ha .n.pynri1 .n.eHh niCJIH KopoHa~il y M'RconycHHH llOHe,ll.iJIOK Mill.J.aHH Bi)J.Bl)l.aJI11 KOpOJiiBCbKY BeJII1'-IHicTb i TaM )l{e npMCHrJIH HOMY, a Koponb To.n.i KiJihKa oci6 nacYBaB I I (c. 179) p11u.apRMH. BiH 6ys KopoHosaHHH 20 JIIOToro rH€3HeHCbKHM apxiEnHcKonoM 51Ky6oM YxaHCbKHM i 6ys npHHH$1THH BCiMa CTaHaMM y BCiX BOEBO)J.CTBaX, HK npo ~e BMIIJ.e )J.O-

'Bci I({Jpo!ti nepeiJ l(opoHa~ieiO

)taiOmb OiiJIJiiJamu Cl(a./11\Jf

CTaTHbO rOBOpHJIOCb. A.JI.e HeB)J.OB3i ~H pa,AiCTb i BeJIHKHH KOWT o6epHyBCSI BHiseq llOJIRKaM. A ~e TOMY, mo Mi)l{ cppaH~y3aMH i1 HamHMH y MicTi nocTi~lHO si.n.6)'BaJIHCH KOHq)JliKTH, i pl)J.KO 6ysaB TaKJ.U1,n.eHb, KOJIH 6 He B6HBaJIH no KiJibKa cppaHl()'3iB a60 HaWHX. Y U.eM qac HKOCb illBH)J.KO 6yJIO )l.aHO 3HaTH KOpOJIIO feHpiK}' npo cMepTb i:foro 6paTa, cppaH~3bKoro Kopo;m. feHpiK )Ke, He 3sipnIQqHcb HiKOMY, HaKa3aBlliH CBOIM cppaHU:y3aM npHrOryBaTH KOHi, BHMWOB Xppo1t1> rn.a£}.tHO i3 3aMK}' KpaKiBCbKOrO cpopry U,bOrO )I{ 1574 pOK)', y MiCHI..J,i qepBHi BiciMHa,A- 6mi1( U:HTOrO )l.HR o .n.pyrii1 ro.n.uHi Hoqi, i1 y cynposo.n.i .n.sox oci6 noKHHJB KpaKis, J 1fOitf>Uj.i He nponaH}'BaBlliH 6iJibllie HK 7 MiCHU:iB. RK TiJibKH naHH .n.osi.n.anM.cH npo M:oro sTeqy, 3qHHHJiacH seJIM.Ka TpHsora. RH, rpacp TeHqMHCbKHH, BOMHMU:bKHH KawTeJIHH, KOTPMH 6ys TO.D.i ni.n.KoMopiEM y KoponH , pa30M 3 MHKonaEM 3e6)1{H)J.OBCbKHM, HHHiwHiM Kpa!(iBCbKHM BOEBO)l.OIO, 1<0Tp11H 6ys To,z:d KOpOHHMM MapwaJIKOM, no6aqHBWI1, II(O KOpOJIH HeMa, WBH)l.KO KI1H}'JII1CH ).1.0 KOHeH i3 KiJibKOMa )l.eCHTKaMH CJIYr. BoHH Ha3.n.orHanM KopoJIH qepe3 KiJibKa MMJib 3a OcseH~iMoM, 6inH TI~MHH. CKoqHBWI13 KOHH, RH TeHqHHCbKMH snas xpecTOM nepe.n. KopoJI~M, npocHqu, ~o6 TOM He nOKM)J.aB npecToJI. Alle KopoJih, 6onqHCb BJI<e 6araTbOX peqei1:, He XOTiB nosepTaTHCH i B3arani CKa3aB TeHqMHCbKOMY: «JlKI.L\0 TH xoqew MeHi II.lOCb CKa3aTI1, TO ci.n.ai:f 3i MHOIO B Kape-ry», 'I.L\0 TOM i J:iq~HHB. AKoponiO MWJiocn npo Te, 'I.L\06 He BTpaTHTH seJIMKoro KOpoJiiB.crsa y csoil1 siTqM.3Hi, TOMY siR pi3Ko si.n.nosis TeHqM.HChKOMY 11 nonpoc11s, ll\OO TOH He nepemKo)J)Kas Kopomo B o6paHiH HHM .n.opo3i. OcKiJibKH n;horo KOpOJiiBCTBa BiH He MaB TIOKH)l.aTI1, TO )J.aB TeHqHHCbKOMY nepcTeHb, 3HHB~J1 ~OrO 3 OaJibU:H, CKa3aB i npo JIHCTH, y KOTpHX 6ys OTIHCaHHH nopH,AOK, S:KHH Mas 6yr11 36epe)l{eHHH s KopoHi .n.o H:oro np111J.n.y. IJ;i JIHCTH MaJIH JHaHTH y KOpOJiiBCbKOMY OOKOi ni.n. KHJIHMOM. 3 U:HM KOpOJib i nonpomas· cs: 3 TeHqHHCbKHM, a caM .HKHaH:msH.n.we nocnimHB y nyTb. TeHqHHCbKHH np11ixas .n.o KpaKosa Ha TpeTiH .n.eHb i po3nosis npo u:e naHaM; 3HaHIIIJIH H JIHCTH ni,n. KHJIHMOM Ha CTOJii, a npoqHTaBWH iX, 3Ha.JIH qoro TpHMaTHCSI.

209

KHHrA I Ueii I<opoJih TPHMaB lloJibm)' o6il\HHKaMH MaJIO ne ,ABa poKH, o6il\HIOtiH npHiXaTH Ha KopoJiiBCTSO, BHnpas.nosyaaSCH TMM, :W:O qepe3 seJIHKi Tpy.A-

!lloco.nr.cm8a noJLR'(i6 ()o ~paHijii

Icmopi.sl. npo 180H10 Ji6paxa JiHW~

zyoiWc.

/BOHJJ

8 9rfo.Ma8ii niattocum11 BiuHy Jmyp~C.a.MU

!!ToAA1Ql

HOIId Ha 6aTbKiB:W:HHi He Mir BHiXaTH Ha3a,A. llOJIHKH >K, MaiO'tiH BeJIMKY DOTpe6y B TOM)', :W:06 IXHiH npasuTeJib 3aS)K)J;H 6ys y llOJib:W:i, Hara..AyBaJIH fenpiKosi qepe3 csoix nocnin pa3 i .ApyruH:, mo6 sin np11ixas .no KoponisCTBa, Ha KOTpe 6ys o6paHHH, KOpOHOSaHHH i HKOM}' npMCHrHyB. BpewTi SOHH npH3HatiHJIH HOM)' TepMiH 12 TpasHH 1576 pOKf, Ha KOTpHH SiH MaB npuixaTH, a HK6H TaK He BtiMHHB, TO BOHH MaJIH p0300tiaTH BH60pH HOSOro KOpOJIH, :W:O DOTiM i 3p06HJIH, HK 6y.ne CKa3aHO HH>Ktie. Yl\eH>Ketiac, 1574poey, ~e3aKopoJI.afenpiKa, sMoJI,Aasii I I (c. ISO) 6yJIH BeJIHKi OOTpHciHHH qepe3 Te, ~0 rocno~ap lsOHH, KOTporo rypel\bKHH cyJITaH noca,n.HB na Micl.\e Eor.nana, Mas nocTiHHMH KJioniT si.n lleTp.HJia, 6paTa sanachKoro rocnoJJ.apH. UeH: lleTp.HJio paaoM 3 rypKaMH, yropl\HMH, rpeKaMu, cep6aMu Ta BaJiaxaMH nana.,naa na Hhoro, Tai<o>K ni.AK}'IIOB}'Bas cyJITana CeniMa 3apa,zut Mon,n:aBCbKoro rocno.napcTBa Jl,JIH ce6e. CeJiiM nocJiaB JJ.O lsoni, ~o6 sin a6o )l,aB HOMY [cynTany] cTiJibKH, cKinhKH H iHWHH, a6o nepe,naB TOM)' rocno,napCTBO. IBOH.H CKJIHKaB CBOIO pa.,ny, DOBi,AOMHB npo cyJITaHCbKf BOJIIO i OOtiaB pa.,nHTHCH: till )l,aBaTlf CTiJibKH :W:OpitiHOI ~aHHHH, He3Ba>KaiOtilf HaTe :W:O BOHM ~OpOKf MfC.HTb .n:asaTH ii Bee 6iJibWe, 60 rypKH niKOJilf He .n:oTpliM}'IOTb csoro cnosa, a6o >K 6oponMTMCH. MoJI~asanM noro,AHJilfCH 3 THM, :w:o Tpe6a 6opoHHTlfCH. IsoHH npHcTaB na 1.\e H noo6il\HB CTOHTlf HaCMepTb. 3 QHM BiH BiJJ.npasHS rypel\bKOrO OOCJiaHI.\H i o.n:pa3Y CTaB rorysaTHCH )l,O BiHHH; sin npHHMaB nixory, a CBOIM HaKaaas 6}'TH nanoroTosi. OcKiJibKH nOJIHKH s>Ke npoTstroM nona,n coTHi poKis TPHMaJIH .nasne

nonaiJ cmo pol(j6 nepeMnp'» i JJ.Orosip 3 rypeU:bKHM cynTaHoM, TO IsoHH 3Has, ~o sonM HOMf y nepe.Mupi ne JJ.a.nyTh ,AOnOMOrH npoTH cynTana, xoq noJIHKH H Ma.JIH 3SHtiaH o6opoHHJ myp1(_a.Mu

TH MOJIJJ.aBCbKHX rocnoJJ.apis. OcTanni >K, y csoiO qepry, cJiyxanHCH noJIHKis. 3a MOJIJ],ascbKOJO cTinoJO i lloJihu(i 6yno 6eaneqno. ToMy IsoHH ne cnony-

KfSaB OOJIHKiB ,l{O nopymeHHSI nepeMMp'.a. 3HaJOl.JH npo K03aKiS, ~0 Qe € I6oH.R SiJihHi JIIO)l,H i lQO DOMi)K HHMH € )l,06pi My)Ki, SiH OOCJiaS )l,O HHX, npOC.Htilf, nocu.nae

no 1(1JJOI(j6 ~o6 BOHH npH6ynH JJ.O Hboro y ui:H noTpe6i npoTH rypKa. IsonH noo6iu:sts

iM aanJiaTHTH CTiJibKH, cKiJihKH BOHH XO'll}'Tb. Ko3aKH 3 paJJ.iCTJO npMCTa.JIH na ue. TaK 3i6panocH 1200 K03aKis, HKi ne nHTaJIH JJ.03aony niJJ. KoponnHx nJiaJJ., 6o ssaJKaJIHI~e cynepetiJIHSHM csoiH: soni, i sHixan11 JJ.O siHChKa Iaoni. foJIOBHHMH y HHX 6ynH CaepqoscbKMH i Eapcan, KoTpi MaJIH ni.A caoiM naqa.noM no .nsicTi My)Kia. Eyno TaKO)K 200 6pau:nasu:ia. KoanoscbKHH Mas 200 My>Kis, Cny)KeHChKHH - cTiJihKH )K, .Hnqi - cTo, CoKOJIOSCbKHH - cTo. lson.n JJ.y)Ke iM apaJJ.is i qacTyaas ycix niJJ. naMeTaMH; OKpeMo cTapmHny, oKpeMo nocnoJihCTSO. Ha pa.no:w:ax niH naKa3as TaKo>K 6HTH 3 rapMaT, raKisHHU:h Ta pywnHQb. OcKiJibKM cnpaaa 6yna no o6iJJ.i, sin naKa3aa npHnecTH KiJibKa BeJIHKHX cpi6HHX MHCOK, HaOOBHeHHX 30JIOTMMM qepBiHQ.HMH (czerwonych zlotych), i nocTaBHTH nepe.n HHMH. InoHH npocHs, :w:o6 KoaaKH npHHH.HJIH U:i rpomi si)l, HbOrO HK 3aS)l,aTOK. BOHH )l,OBrO Bi)l,MOBJIHJIHCH, aJie noTiM na.nJIH rpomi if poaJJ.iJIHJIM Mi>K co601o. DoTiM sin naKa3aB iM cTaTH

210

KHMrA I Ha JiiBoMy <.pnaHJi cnoro aii1ci>Ka, i nOHJ-1 sci ry.n.u n olxa.nH. InoH~

II(

nocnan

i.M TY)J.Ii miCTb 6oqoK nuHa, I.IJ.06 noHIJ miJIH 3a i1oro 3)J.Opon'R, a TaKO)f( KWbKacoT TaJIRpin. BcTanm11 HacrynHoro )J.H.SI nepe.n. cniTaHKOM, niH npHHUJOB

.n.o HMX i

nonpoxan ycix JaiiTH .no ce6e ni.n HaMeTI1, a noTiM nHrono-

CMB nepeJJ. HMMH npoMosy no-noJJbCbKH, 6o n o-noJJbCbKH niH rosop11s .n}')Ke .no6pe. 3 U.boro MO)f(Ha po3yMiTH, ll.\O IsoH.st 6yB noJI.stKOM. BiH cKa3aa: ((.HK6M H He 3Has npo Barny MY)KHiCTh, qecHi p11u.api, TO H HiKOJIH 6 He nocMnas no

!JTpoJ.106a J/}oHi

iJo 1(9Jal(f 6

nac i HiKOJIH 6 He YTPY)J.HIOBan sac TaKoiO .n.a.neKOIO .noporo10. Pule H 3HaiO, 11.(0 BH € pnu.apcbKMMM JIIO)J,bMM, .SIKi BeJibMM npOCJiaBMJIMC.Sl y U.bOMY peMeCJii. ToM)' H sac I

lSI) i noKJIMKan Ha ou.10 cso10 aiwHy, KOTPY .st MaiO 3 MOIM ronoBHHM noporoM- rypeU.bKHM cynTaHOM CeniMOM. 51 npomy, I.IJ.06 (c.

BH C~HJJM MeHi 3a rpomi, 60 )KOJI)J.}' He CMiiO BaM SCTaHOBJIIOBaTM, 6o.stqMCb He,noou.iHMTM samy aeJJMKY MY)KHicTb. O.n.HaK nee, ll.(O naM Tpe6a, tiM TO rpomei1, tiM TO nposiaHry BaM CaMMM Ta BaWMM KOH.SIM, BM OTpHMa€Te.

5I Hi-

CKiJibKM He cyMHiBaiOCb y TOMy, ll.\0 BH TaK 6y,neTe tiMHHTM, .HK i HaJie)KMTb .n.o6pMM My)KaM. llpM lJ.hOM)' .H .n.y)Ke .U.HKYIO saM 3a name nparHeHH.H. Ey.nyqu xpHCTM.SlHCbKMMM JIIO)J,bMM, BM He llOKMHYJIM MeHe y TaKiH npMro,ni i npHixanH .no MeHe. 3a u.e .H 3aB)K)J,:H 6y.n.y nepe.n aaMH y 6opry. A nnaTMTM 3a K0)KH0f0 KiHHOrO .H 6y.ny BaM CTiJibKM, CKlJibKM BM CaMi CKa)KeTe. 5£ 6aqy, ll.(O BaC BCbOfO )KMeHhKa JJIO)J,eH, I.IJ.O npOTMCTOJTb TaKOM)' Boporosi. AJJe .si 3HaiO,

1200 so.stKis .n.opinHIOIOTb .n.saHa.ZJ;lJ..HTM T:HC.HqaM KiHHOTM . He .nyMaiO HanenHo, 11.(0 MM po3i6'eMO U.boro aopora. 5I M)'IllY BM3HaTH, 11.(0 iM ll.(aCTHTh, nawi

60 SOHH 3 TaKoro MaJIOfO llOtiaTKY TaK CHJibHO ni,nHeCJIMC.H. A see u.e CTaJIOC.Sl 3 .n.onyll.\eHH.Sl Eo:>Koro 3a Hami rpixM. O,nHaK see, 11.(0 BOHR 3axonMJIR, CTaJIOC.H He qepe3 ixHIO nmy, a qepe3 ixHIO 3pa.ny Ta XHTpicTb. I xoqa BOHR TaK BMCOKO ni,nHeCJIHC.H, .H )J.fMaiO, I.IJ.O 3 qacOM IM 3Bi,ll.TR Jierrne 6y.n.e na.n.aTM. Einbme MeHi He )J.03BOJI.HIOTh ronopHTM CJih03R pa.nocTi. ATe, HacKinhKR .H saM pa,n.HH i .HKe cepu.e Maro .n.o sac, 6aqHTh CaM Eor, iSM caMi , Ma6YTb, 3Ha€Te u.e. 5£ He xoqy Hi npo 11.(0 BaM HaKa3}'BaTM. BH TiJibKM 3Hai1:Te, ll.(O MOE ll.(aCT.H € i narnHM I.IJ.acT.stM». CKa3asmu u.e, niH 3aJIMBCH CJih03aMH. Ha u.e CnepqonCbKMH si)(nonis HOMY ni.n iMeHi ncix no-coJI,naTChKM JiaKoHi'lHO: «Hac .no Te6e, InoHe, np11neJIM ciO,nn He rporni, npo .HKi MH MaJIO .n6aeMo, a 6a)KaHH.H po3rpoMMTH 1.\bOro nopora. ToM)' MM He ryp6yeMoc.st npo nJiaTHIO. HaM 6y.ne .nocRTb Toro, I.IJ.O MM npo:>KeHeMo 3Bi,ncM nopora i 3acnoKoiMo Te6e. A .HK ™ Hac Ja u.e BHHaropo,nHIII - nOKa)Ke qac.

C6eyzo6· Cbl@U

zo6opurm. 6Wi.Mem 1(!1Jal(j6

M11 JoBciM He 6o-

iMoc.H rypeU.bKOi CHJIM. A ll.(O)J,O KiHU..H U.i€i BiHHH, TO MH OOKJia)J,a€MOC.H Ha rocno.na Bora. Mn $1KHaHCTapaHHiwe 6y,n.eMO nparH}'TM TOro, 11.(06 o6opoHHTM Te6e ni.n TBoro nopora». TioTiM InoH.H aanpocMB K03aKiB .no ce6e Ha o6i,n i nOCa)J,HB 3a CBiH CTiJI. 3a iHWRM CTOJIOM ciJIM JIOrocpeT i €peMi$1 (Weremiasz), iforo reTbMaH, TaKO)K i .npyra MOJI)(aBcbKa pa.na. KonR npo u.e )J,OBi,naBCSI T)'peU.bKRH cyJITaH, TO o,npa3y >K llOCJiaB Ha)J,ODOMOry BaJiaCbKO·

MY rocno.n.apesi TPM)J.J.VITb TMC$1'l rypKiB Ta .nni TMCH'Ii yropu.is. BiH HaKaJas .noeso.n.i, xuo6 TOH cxonMB IsoHro, aHa rocno.n.ctpcTBO noca,nMB csoro 6paTa lleTpHJia. 3ri,nHO i3 cy)JTaHChKHM HaKa30M U.eH, SIK TBep,nHTb, Ha 'IOJii MaH>Ke COpOKa THC~tJ ~aJiaxiB BH.CT}'OHB y noxi,n pa30M 3 T}'pKaMH Ta yropU.HMH

211

CylltrUJH

ft(I(:IIJICU

6ir1e&JCP ao !MOJlaa811

KHMrA I i nepeiiwon piK}' Mo.JI.Aany. Tyr H<m piKOlO niH CTilB Ha .n.o6poM}' nacoBHCbK}' 6iucbl(a i aiJibHO nycTHB cnoi KOHi. MoJI.n.anaHH ix nocTeperJIH i Herai1Ho noni.n.oMHJIH npo Qe IaoHJO. I I (c. 182) lnoHH Tyr »<e nocJiaB npoTH HHX Cnept.~oBcb-

X..ill~>l\icml>

mypt~I>ICPZO

C8ep-to8cl>· 'I(UU J(l)(OnuiJ

mypelji>I(Jf C1TWpO:JICy

IIJou.Jl poJ6u(} fJaJIOCIJI(JJZO

zocnoiJapR

Koro i3 KoJaKaMM i .n.an i1oMy rnicTb THCRll .n.ocni,n.qeHHX MOJI.U.anaH. CaM »<e nirnon Ja HHMH 3 iHrnHM cnoiM aiiicbKOM. CnepqonchKHH npoc11n ycix iMeHeM Eora, mo6 BOHH, HKIUO xot.~yrh B'iHHHTH ~och .n.o6pe, i1wm1 .HKoMora liiBH,lJ.We j HKOMOfa THXirne ,lJ.JIH TOfO, ~06 3HeHaQhKa JaCKO'iHTH nopora. To.u.i BOHH HaTpam1JIH Ha iioro CTopo»<y, HI<oi 6yJio t.IOTHp11cTa KiHHHX. BoHH OTOllHJIH iii cxonHJIH. Bi.u. QHX noJIOHeHHX noHn ,n.iJHa.JIHC.H npo nee. CnepqonchKHii.n.an JHaTH npo 1..\e InoHi i1 nonpocHB, lU06 TOH .HKHaiilliBH.D.rne np116yn Ja,ll,Jin 3,n.o6yrT.H 6e3CYMHinHoi nepeMOrH. InoHn He 3a6ap11BC.H i, np116ynlliH 3i cnoiMH, poJ,ll,iJmn ix Ha TPH qacTHHH. To.n.i Cnep'iOBChKHH n.n.ap11s 3 o,n.Horo 6oKy Ha Ta6ip, a InoH.H - 3 Tpbox iHlliHX 6oKin, .n.py»<HO J.n.iiiHHDlllH KpHK. Banax11, npoKHHYBlllHCb, nepeJI.HI<aJIHC.H. BoHH He MorJIM Hi 6opoHHTHCb, Hi BTiKaTH, 6o ni.n.nycTHJIH KOHi nacTHCH. TaM 3arHH}'JIO ix .n.y»<e 6araTo. O.n.HaK caM nanacbi<l111 rocno.n.ap Ji cnoiM 6paTOM nTiK .n.o Epei;m (Brailowa) i nepenJIMB oJepo, .HKe YTnop11n ,UyHaii . .Ue TiJihKH 6a'iMJIO OKO, cKpiJb 6yJio nonHO Tpynin, a I<pon TeKJia CTPYMI<aMM. Y Ta6opi »< 6yJio nonHo nchoro. TaM IBOHH 3axon11n nem1KY 3}l.06I1t.I, .HK}' poJ,n.an cnoiM BOHKaM, Haii6iJihme )K- KOJai<aM. OoTiM niH Hanan Ha BanaChKY JeMJIIO i Bt.IMHHB TaM seJIHKY IIIKO}l.Y BOrHeM Ta Me'ieM, Mai1)Ke HiKOI'O He MI1JIYIO'il1 . .L{oni}l.aBllllfCh,

212

KI-IHrA I ~o noEno.n:a nepe6yna€ y EpeiJri, IBOHSI pyumn no Hhoro. MicTe"4KO EpeiJia

Jle)f(MTh noHaJJ. .ll.yHaEM i MaE MiQHMH 3aMoi<. Inoru1 eTas TaM

(c. 183)

i noCJias .n:sox noJIOHeHMX naJiaxis .n:o Ha'-laJibHMKa Qboro 3aMJ<Y, ~o6 Toft: BM.n:as BaJiaChKoro rocno.n:apSI3 6paToM. IHaKllle niH 6y.n:e TPMMaTM i1oro B o6JI03i TaK .n:onro, JJ.OKu He .n:o6'€TbCSI cnoro. Ha"4aJihHMK 3aMKY 6ys rypoK. BiH noCJiaB IsoHi qepe3 "tJOTHpbox rypKiB .n:ecSITh seJIMKHX i .n:eoiTb MaJIHX SI.l(ep, Ka)f(y"tJM, 11.{0 6yJJ.e qacryBaTH HOrO OQHMM CTpanaMM, HKMX He 6y.n:e npHXOB}'BaTM ni.a. I soHi. ,ll.y)f(e po3rHiBaHMH Ha IJ.HX noCJiiB, IsoHSI HaKa3aB si.a.pi3aTH iM syxa, ry611 i1 HOCH Ta nonicHTH 3a HOrH ry-r iKe, nepe.n: MiCTOM. BiH )f(e flOCJiaB niXOT}' 3 JJ.pa6MHaMH B3SITM MiCTO. L(SI nixoTa JJ.y)f(e lliBM.l(KO 3,1J.OJiaJia napKaH i po3I<M,D.aJia i1oro. MoJI.n:asaHH s.a.epJI11C.fl .n:o MicTa i n11py6aJIH TaM BciX T}'pKiB; BOHI1 He 3aJII1lliMJII1 TaM HiKOfO B )f(HBHX, HaBiTb co6aK, a)f( KpOB fiOJII1JiaCH 3 MicTa .l(O ,lJ,yHaiO. iloTiM BOHM 3HI1ll.I;HJII1 BCe MiCTO, .l(e B3JIJII1 seJII1KY 3.ll.06M'-l i Ha6pa.JIH JJ.y)f(e 6araTo cpi611a, 30JIOTa 11 nepnis. L(e MiCTO 6y11o .n:~e 6araTHM, 6o 3 qacy, KOJIM HMM osoJio,D.iJII1 TYPKH, BOHO 3aB)f(,ll,H nepe6ysa.Jio B MHpi. Bo.SIKH I soHi xoTiJIH B3HTM :i1 3aMOK, a.Jie T}'T npHiilliJia siCTb, 11.{0 .n:o EpeiJIH npoTM HHX :i1.u.e n 'JITHa.l(IJ.HTb THCH'-1 rypKis. IIpoTH HMX IBOHH nocJlaB CsepqosCbKOro 3 K03aKaMM, .n:aslliM iM siciM TMCH'-1 MOJI.l(asaH. BoHM 3HeHaQbKa BJJ.apHJIM. CsepqoscbKHM, He .n:aBllll1 IM npHHTH .n:o THMH, p03DO'tJaB 611TBY i BCiX po3rpOM11B; .l(O TnrMHi BTeKJia TiJibKM TMCHtJa KiHHI1X T}'pKiB. A.Jie no6JIM3Y 6yJIO iHllle rypeQbKe BiHCbKO, y KOTpoMy nepe6yBaJIM 11 TaTap11. IIpo u.e nosi.a.oMMJIM IsoHro, i niH .n;as cnoKii1 3aMey B EpeiJii i1 3' E.l(HaBcH 3i CseptiOBChKMM. BOHI1 cninbHO s.napH1IM Ha u.e TypeiJ.hKe siiicbKO i 3HOBY po36MJIM TYPKiB. IIoTiM IsoH.H. np116ys ni.a. MicTo TSirMHIO, KOTpe JlerKO 3.l(06ys i BMHMll.{HB TaM ycix JliO.l(eH. IBOH.SI MaB TaM KiJibKa 3HaqHMX 6MTB 3 rypKaMM, i 3aB)f(,lJ.M 3 HI1M 6yJIH CsepqoscbKI1H3 K03aKaMM, SIKi Ha.l(aBaJII1 HOMY no~sy .n:onoMory. IIoTiM micTCOT K03aKiB nillJIM Ha EiJiropo.n, SIKHM 3axonMJIM, cnaJII1BillM noJIOBMHY MicTa. TMM qacoM IsoH.H nepeno'tJMB 3i csoiM siiicbKOM. Ko3aKM )f( He 6ai1.nMK}'BaJIM. BoHM 3Hosy nocTepernM TYPeiJ.bKe sii1chKO, KOTpe HlliJIO 3 TaTapaMI1 ni.n: EiJiropo.n:, iBMCTYflMJIM npoTI1 Hboro. IsoH.H JJ.aB K03aKaM TPM TMCSI'tJi MOJI.l(aBaH, KOTpHx CsepqoscbKI1H3aJIHillMB D03aJJ.y, a cnoix K03aKiB B11illi1K}'BaB y TPH 3aroHI1. Y nepmoMY 3aroHi 6y11o 'tJOT11p11cTa .nym 3 pymHMQHMI1, SIKi MaJIM KpyrJii I::QMTI1. ix BiH llOCTaBMB npOTI1 rypeQbKMX KODiHHI1KiB. Y .U.pyroMy 3aroHi 6y11o 6araTo cTpi1IhiJ.iB 3 JiyKa, i niH ix nocTaBMB 6iJIH ce6e Ha npaBOM}' <J>1IaH3i. Y TpeTbOM}' 3aroHi 6yJio 6araTO K03aKiB 3 poraTMHaMI1, .H.KMX BiH nocTaBMB Ha JiiBOM}' <J>1IaH3i. IIo6a'tJMBillM )f(MeHbJ<Y siiicbKa, T}'PKM cMiJIM.. so nilliJIM B Hacryn. CsepqoscbKMH HaKa3aB cepe.U.HbOMY 3aroHosi BI1CTpiJIMTM no HI1X, a KOJIM y TMX BI1HMKHe cyM'HTTH, TO BiH CaM TO.l(i npHH,ll,e 3 iHmMM I I (c. 184)* 3aroHoM, SIKMH noqHe cTpiJIHTI1 no HMX 3JIYKiB, 3 <J>llaHry. TpeTiu )f(e aariH 3i csoro 6oKY B.ll.apHTb 3 poraTnHaMM. BoH:H B3JVII1CH 6nTI1 sopora 3 ycix 6oKiB, i lVI 6nTsa TPMBaJia 1.\iJiy ro,n11sy. BpemTi B.ll.apuJI:H csi)f(i MOJI,ll,aBCbKi CMJIM, .H.Ki 3JiaMaJII1 onip BTOMJieHHX T}'pKiB i po3rpOMMJIM ix. t(sicTi T}'pKiB B3.H.JIH TO.ll.i B DOJIOH i npnrHaJII1 .n:o IsoHi HK xy.n:o6y. IBOHH )f(

• ,ll;us. iJJ.CHTH'IHidi MaJI. y KH. I (c. 155 opuriHany).

213

/8oHJl 8J5l8 'EpeiJ1y

9Hyp'\i6 i)6i-ri poJ6wzu !80it.fl

6p6

9JUr.ZUH10

1'\pJal(u

IJJ.fliiU 'Ei.JuopoiJ

91Typ'Ol

poJ6umi

KHHrA I

'lljo HaKa3aB CBOlll qepHi nopy6an1 IX KOCaMM. BOJK,nb TOrO T)'PeUbKOrO BillCbKa 6ys nepe6a:HCUJIO npu IJui(Jjni myptljbl(pUJ 6oxiJ.R

TaKm1 6aran1i1, ~o xoTiB ,l\aTM Ko3aKa.M yftni qj 6iJibme 30JIOTa i1 yrpw-1i 6iJihme cpi6Jia, ~e :i1 KOlllTOBHOCTi, a611 Tillbi<M BOHM He ni.l\BO.z\MJIM iloro .ll.O laoHi. O.ll.HaK K03aKM 6irrhllle L\iH)'BaJIM cao€ CJioBo, ,lJ,aHe laoHi, Hi)l( sci L\i cKap6H. I L\eli BO)I(,Ub pa30M 3 iHWMMH T}'pKaMM 6ya nopy6aHHH qepHIO Ha lliMaTKM. C!JllmOH KoJIH 3BiCTKa npo L\i nopa3KM ftiHlllJia .ll.O Typel\bKoro cyJITaHa, TO L\e cmpu6oiloMy .ll.y)l(e 3a6oJiiJio. BiH 3miKaBc51, ~o nTpaTMTb MoJI,lJ,ancbi<Y ,ll,ep)l(asy i :HCeHui1 ace, ~o Ma€ T}'T, no u.eii 6iK .l(yHaiO. Cnpaafti, B)l(e 6yJio 6JIM3bKO ,ll,O 1.\bOro, Mo11iJa6aHu RK6M XOTHHCbKHH CTapoCTa €peMi.H He 3paJJ.MB IBOHIO. €peMi.H Ha qoJii TpHJiJa6Ha JpOiJHUI(JJ H<i,l\1.\.HTH THCJiq MOJI,lJ,aBaH 6ya TIOCJiaHMli IBOHeiO Ha 6eper ,lJ.yHaiO, mo6 o6op0H.HTH nift rypKin nepenpany. CaM )I(C po3nycnm Ha KopoTKm1 qac cao€ DiHCbKO, ~06 BOHO Ji6paJIOC.H }J.OJ<ym1 Ha BicTb €peMii npo nopora. 0,lJ,HaK L\CH €peMi.H B3.HD Bift lleTpHna, 6paTa nanacbKOro rocnoftap.H, TPM.ll.L\HTb THCRq JOJJOTMX qepniiu~in i ,!\an :tioMy MO)I{JIMBicTb nepenpanMTMC.H Ha ftpynlii 6i1< ,ll,yHaJO paJoM 3 i1oro siiici>KOM i Typi<aMn. CaM )l(e €peMiH noixan .ll.O InoHi, noai,l\OMJJ51JOqM i1oro npo L\C i1rnmpanJJ.onyJOqMcb TMM, ~o He 6yn y 3M03i L~bOMy 3apaftMTM. BiH JacTan lnoHIO 3 KoJaKaMH TO.l\i, KOJIJ1 BOHM 3lJ.o6yaaJIM T.HrMHChKMH3aMOK. I I (c. 185) To.ni laOH51 ,l\aB cnoKii13aMKy, 3i6paB .HKHaHlliBMJJ.llie ,l\OBKOJia ce6e BiHCbKO i BMCTYTIMB 3 HHM npOTH BOpora lJ.O .l(yHaiO. Kon11 niH npMHlllOB, To cTaB Ta6opoM. Ko3aKH cTpnnmKM'DompuMOHII.Il IJipu JIHCb, 6o He MaJIIi «.H3MKa» i He 3HaJIH cyTi cnpanu, a €peMii He aipHJili. l(pJO ljbi(UM Cnepqonci>KMH CJ<a3aB Bift ixHI>Oro iMeHi: «MM ftaJIH cnono To6i, IBOHIO, puljQp· nipHO CJIY)I{HT1111p0TI1 TBOI'O nopora i TBCpJJ.O CTOIMO Ha TOMy, 1.1\06 He ,l\aTII cm6o~ot

214

KHMrA I MOM)' ocrynHTII Ha Tnoro 3CMJIIO, xi6a m.o no HawHx Tpyn ax. O~HaK HaM Tpe6a 3HaTI.'I Hacar.mepe;_\ npo Te, CKiJibKH 'ix, ~0 130HH 3a,LJ.YMaJIH. M11 1-\C MaEMO 3HaTH 1 ~06 HaC He npmleJIH Ha raK i MM He 3arHH)'Jll1 MapHO, .HK xy).J.o6a. JIKi )f{ Tu MaEw aicTi npo HHX, npo ixHIO pa,.a.y, npo XI·npo~i? CK(l)f<H HaM». lliCJI.H u.iEI npoMOBH InoH.H 3iTXHYB i cKa3an npocTo: «51 "lMMaJIO pa3iB nepeKOH)'BaBCH y BaWiM nipHiM CJIY*6i MeHi, MOl MHJii p11u.api, TOMY He XOTiB 611 BiMaTH sac Ha JJ.apeMH)' 3ar116enb. 5I Hi"loro He "'HHHB 6e3 Bawoi pa,.a.w i nosi).J.OMJI.HIO sac, ~o €peMi.H CTOITb Heno~aJiiK 3 .npyrHM niMCbKOM. HoM)' .H .ll.OP)'"li1B B3.HTM nicTi npo sopora i HeraM:Ho ,naTM HaM 3HanL R M:oMy .nonip.HIO HK cBOEMY )f{IITTIO, 6o .u.o6pe 3HaiO M:oro nipy 11: qecTb. BiH )f{e .u.an MeHi 3HaTM, ~o TYPKiB He 6iJiblli HK n'.HTHa).J.Q.HTb THC.H"l. HaaiTb .HK6H ix 6yJio noHa,.a. TpH,li.U.JITb THC.H"l, To MH 6y,z:r.eMo 6MTHC.H 3 HMMH 3 DO)f{OIO noMi"l"liO». Csept.~oBChKMM He 3a.AOBOJihHMBCH U.MM i npoc11s, ~o6 IsoH.H 3aTpHMasc.H B

Ta6opi, noKH BiH 3i cnoiMH JIIO).J.bMH Bt.~HHHTh Hana..L.( 3apa;:~11 «.H3HKa». InoHH 3 SeJIHKOIO OXOTOIO ,lJ.03BOJIMB MOM)' u.e 3p06MTI1, ~eM ,lJ.O).J.aB MOM)' CBOrO rCTbMaHa BepoHi

(Weroniego) i3 wicThMa THCwiaMH KinHOTH . .RK TiJibKH soHH

S11CT}'III1JIH, TO o,z:r.pa3y HaTpanHJII1 Ha rypeU.bK}' CTOpO)f{)', .HKOI Te)l( 6yJio 6araTO. Ko3aKH s,z:r.apHJIH Ha Hei i po3rpoMHJIM. BoHH cniMMaJIH TO).J.i O).J.Horo SaJKKOnopaHeHOrO T)'pKa, Bi,z:r. KOTporo He MOrJIH B3.HTI1 Si,z:r.OMOCTeM npo Sopara, aJie 3 CaMOI cnpaBH 3po3yMiJIH, ~0 sopo)f(e siHCbKO € ).J.)"KC BeJIHKHM.

Po;6umo myper;&I(JJ

cmopoxy

ToM)' BOHM pa,z:r.MJII1 InoHi, ll-\06 niH 6ys nHJibHHM i 3Has, HacKinbKH MO)f{Ha ).J.08ip.HTH € peMii. AJie 180HH Hit.~oro He Si).J.ll08iB, KpiM 1.\bOrO: «MH He MaEMO qoro 6o.HTHCSI.

3Haio, tno €peMii MO)f(Ha .nosip.HTH, i s11 y QhOM)' Hes,z:r.os3i

nepeKOHaETeC.H. M11 caMi nopaxyEMO sopori8. J.I npHi1wos CJO).J.H ).J.JI.H Taro, ~06 ).J.O CaMOI CMepri 6opOHI1TI1 CBOIO siTt.~J13H)'» . B3.HSWH Tp11CTa KiHHOTHI1Ki8, I80HSI oco611cTo n11ixan 3 Ta6opy, po3TamonaHoro Ha MaM)f(e 6e3.noraHHOM)' ).J.JISI o6opoHH MiCI.~i noHa,.a. 03epoM, .HKe yrnopH8 ,l{yHaH. IsoH.H ni).J.'IXa8 ).J.O BOpO)I(OrO 8iMChKa Ha MicQe, ).J.C CTO.HB narop6. IBOHSI 8HIXaB Ha HbOrO, npH).J.H8JISI101.JMCb ).J.O T)'peLJ.bKOrO 8iMCbKa, a.Jie Hi1.JOrO He Mir 3p03)'MiTI1, 60 BOHO CTOSIJIO 8 l(OJ111Hi. IBOHSI 6a1.JHB CaM)' TiJibKM rypeLJ.bK}' CTOpO)f(y, SIKa TC)f( He XOTiJia noKa3ysaTHC.H MOMasaHaM i THXO CTO.HJia 8 ).J.OJIHHax. }80HSI He 3p03}'MiB, HaCKiJibKH CMJibHHM E sopor, TOM)' BHCT)'IT11B 3i C80IM 8iHCbKOM,

?(lll&'(j.cmb

KoTporo 6yJio TPH).J.LJ.SITb THCSI1.J, po3,z:r.iJieHHX Ha TpH.nU.HTb 3aroHiB. KmKHHH

8iUcb'\1J

3ariH MaB C80I rapMaTH, 6yJIO Mi)l( HHMH i BiciM,l(CCHT MOpTHp; OKpeMO CTCF SIJia KaBaJiepiSI, oKpeMo- qepHb. I

(c.

186) 'lJepHb ).J.)"KC JIJ0611Jla IsoHJO i He

XOTiJia rrycKaTH HOrO ).J.O KaBanepii, 60SI1.JHCb, 11.\06 HOrO He 3pa,zJ.HJIH MOJI).J.aBCbKi naHI1 i He BH.ZJ;aJIH rypKaM. 'lJepHb sipi1Jla TiJibKH K03aKaM. To)J.i IBOHSI SHIUHK}'Ba8 BiHCbKO, ane nepe)J. THM SIK po3nO'tJaTH 6HTBy, 3HOBY n~'ixas ni,z:r. 1 rypeLJ.bKe siikbKO i no6aqHB, HaCKiJibKH BOHO € BCJIHKHM, nOHa,zJ. ll SIT,&eCSIT THCR"l. TiJI&KH Tenep BiH 3p03}'MiB, 11.\0 €peMiSI 3pa,.a.HB, i HaKa3aB noKJIHKaTH lioro )J.O ce6e. Qei1 )f(e BMnpas,D.onysancs THM, 11.\0 He Mir .nicTaTH rp)'HTOBHoi iHOpMaU.ii, a 1.1(06 ).J.08eCTH CBOIO BipHiCTb, MaB T}'T )l(e B).J.apHTH Ha rypKiB. l.Jepe3 u.e rypKH 8 no'tJa.JIH 6HTBy. BiH )I(C, MaJ01.JH nepmHM 3HiTHCSI 3 BOpOrOM, HaKaaaB CXHJIHTI1 CBiH npanop ):(0 3eMJii, a 3HSIBWH llianKH 3 roJiiB, ni).J.HSITH ix Ha cnHCax T3. iHWiH 36poi i CaMHM ni)J.).J.aTHCSI. flo6a1.JHBWH u.e,

215

18tnti

KHHrA I T}'PKM 3aKOJIMBaJIMCH. Ti cnMCM, ~o BOHM 6yJIM aacTaBMJIM npoTM niikhKa 3paay €peMii, 3HOBY ni,z:(HeCJIM i B3HJIM n;e BiMCbKO /.1.0 ce6e. l.Jepe3 TaKY 3paJJ.Y €peMii cpe.Mii MO~aBaHM cTpMBO>KMJIMai :H npM6irJIM JJ.O IBoai, 3aaenannm cepn;eM. AJie niH 8ul\pumo .HK MY>KHiii BOiH aacaMnepeJJ. niJJ.6aJJ.bOpMn ix i HaKa3an 6MTMOI; 6yJio no.naHo

CMrHan JJ.O 6MTBH. TMM 'tlacoM T}'PKM nocTaBMJIM npoTM HMX MO.JI,nanaa €peMii i nOrHaJIH IX y 6iu HK xyJJ.o6y. ,lJ.y>Ke p03rHiBaHI1M lBOHH HaKa3aB o6epHyTM npOTH HHX ( 3paJJ.HMKiB] seCb BOrOHb rapMaT i pyntHMIJ;b, i sci BOHM 6yJIM no6MTi, XTO Bill. TfpKiB, a XTO Bill. CBOIX; IX TaM llOJIRrJIO TaK 6araTO, ~0 'tlepea TpynM TfPKM He MOrJIM MTM. Ko3aKM, 6a'tla'tiM, ~o JJ.iETbC.H, .HKHai1niBM,nwe CTaJIM 3 BOrHellaJibHOJO 36pO€JO Ha WJI.HXY T}'pKiB i TaK CHJibHO llO"'aJIM ix napMTM, ~o npM3BeJiw JJ.O 3aMiwaHH.H y Bopo)KMX Jiasax.

iamoro 6oKY BJJ.a-

PMJIM MO.JI,nanaHw TaK CMJibHO, ~o T}'PKM OJJ.pa3y nepe.n HWMM BiJJ.CTYfiMJIM, 'tiM TO He B 3M03i cTpMMaTM TMcKy, 'tiM TO npar"Y'tl" HanecTH ix Ha rapMaTM. O.nHaK Cnepl.IOBCbKMM, nocTepirmM n;e, KpMKayB .no MOJIJJ.aBaH. U:i nonepayJIMCb. !Jlomy:w:Ha TypKH n,napMJIM Ha HMX, ane HeBJJ.aJIO, 60 MOMaBaHI1 nepeMlllJIM B KOHTpaTaKf 6umSa I6oPti J mypJ(a.Mu i Mf>KHhO t~MHMJIM TYPKaM onip. lloTiM T}'PKM nocHJIHJIHC.H i nciEIO CB0€10 noryro10 HaTMCH}'JIH Ha MOJI}l;aBaH, /1.0 TOrO >K BOHH o6epH}'Jil1 npOTM HHX

noraena.JihH}' 36poJO. He6o)KaTa MOJI,nanaHM JJ.06pe 'tiMHHJIM onip, BHaCJii,noK 'tiOrO 3aKHlliJia )1(0pCTOKa 6HTBa: JieTiJIH .HK CHOllH 3 KOHeM i T}'pKH,

i MO.JI,Aa-

BaHH; 3 o6ox cTopiH TaK 3aT.HTO py6anMc.H, ~o PYKH BTOMHJIMC.H, i 36poJO He MO)I(Ha 6y11o BTPHMaTw B p~. ,ZI.o Toro >K ni.n:H.HJiac.H TaKa KfP.HBa, ~o npeniTi O}l;HH O}l;HOrO He 6at~HB, a t~epe3 ,ny)Ke llOT}'>KHMH BOrOHb Hi'tloro He tJYB. HaniTh nywKapi He 3HaJIH, K)'.U.M cTpiJI.HJIH. Y n;eii qac InoH.H npHM'llaB JJ.O cnolx i HaKaJaB iM TpoxM ni.nCTYfiMTI1 3a rapMaTM Ta nMJihayBaTM cnolx npanopin. TypKM Te)K TaK Bl.IMHMJIM i1 ni,nCTYfil11111 Ha3aJJ.. lliCJI.H po3ne.u.eHH.H niiicbK n.napHB CMJibHHM }1;0~, BHaCJii)J.OK qoro B>Ke He 6yJio TaKOI Cl1JlbHOI K)'p.HBM. AJie n;e He 6yJio Ha PYKY MOJI.U.aBaHaM, 6o ni,n:MOKJIM ixHi rapMaTM, KOTpi iM CI11IhHO JJ.OnoMaraJIH. Tenep B>Ke BOHH MfCHJIH npyqay 6HTHC.H 3 TYPKaMH. Ey.zzyqJ1 BTOMJieHHMH, BOHH .u.iiicHo He MOrJIH

(c. 187) noJJ.oJiaTM TYPKiB. ,l(o

TOrO >K ni,niMWJIO CBi)Ke TaTapCbKe BiHCbKO i B,ll.ap11JIO 3601<)'. l.Jepe3 n;e MOJI!MolliJa8aH )J.aBaHM T}'T )l(e noqaJIM TiKaTM, a TaTapH poJ6umo

11: T}'PKM 6MJIM ix y noroHi ii )J.aJieKo

rHaJIMCH 3a HMMM. Ha noni 6o10 JIMWHJiac.H TiJihKH 'tlepHb, a npH HiM .u.nicTi n'.HT)J.eC.HT K03aKiB, Ha I<OTpHX TfPKH, 6y.U.~II1 BTOMJieHHMH, He CMiJIH Hacry-

nan1. IBOH.H ~Ollyxy npHMqan )1.0 K03aKiB i CKa3aB: «Eaqy, MOl 'tlecHi p11n;api, ~0 'tlepe3 3pa;w €peMii )J.OXO)J.HTb )J.O TOJ'O, ll.\0 HaM, BH)J.HO, )J.OBe,ll.eTbCH 3a-

rHayTI1. Ane TaM, .ne nami roJIOBI1 JUI)I(YJ'h, TaM i Most, a .l\ymi Hexaii i,l\fTh npocTo .l\O He6a».

Ha n;e i1oMy Cnept.tonchi<HM I<OpOTKO ni,l\nonin:

HicKiJibKH He cTpawHa,

«HaM cMepTb

(c. 188) HaM pa.Ao .u.one.n.eTbC.H nciM noMHpaTM,

O)l.HaK ~e ,l\OHeCXoqy Hapy6a€MO IJ;HX noraHCbKMX nciD». lliCJI.H IJ;HX CJiiB Bci CKO"'MJIH 3 I<OHeM i 3' €)l.HaJIHCH 3 t.IepHJO, KOTpoi 6yno )l;BaJJ.IJ;SITb THC$11.1. HaCaMnepe.u. BOHH Bi.li.6MJII1 llOJlbOBi rapMaTKI1 y TfpKiB, npHqOMf CaM IBOHH 3aXOlli1B O.ZJ.H}' 3 HHX. BiH 6yn TaKRM CHJihHHM, ~o 3a6pan II 3 co6o10, xot.ta soHa 6yna .u.ocHTb nenHI<OJO. O.u.HaK, BiJJ.crynaJOqJ1 Ha3a.u., noHH MYCHJIH noKMHYTM n;i rapMaTKH, TOMY HacHnaJm n HHX nonHo nopoxy, w.o6 lx po3ipaaTH. Bi.n.crymum Ha MHJIJO Bill. llOJI$1 6HTDI1 i CTaJIH Ha JrapHW.aX O)J.HOrO CeJla, )I.e }.j OKQ-

216

I(HHrA I

naJIHC.SI. AJie Ha !.(hOM}' MiCI.(i He 6yJIO BO~H, raHO. l(bOrO ~HR T}'pKI1 Bci 3i6paJIHCR

i qepe3 I.(e IM TaM 6yJio .lzy}Ke no-

i, nonepHYBlllHCR 3 noroHi,

OTO"'HJIH

ix n e p et( 3aXOJ(OM COHI.(SI. A 6y11o TaM 'IJ'PKiB TaK 6araTO, ~o ix He MO)I(Ha 6y11o

if oKoM oxonHTH. TypKH cTeperJIH ix QiJIY Hi"', a I.Q06 i )KO~eH 3 HHX He Mir BHO"'i BTeKTH, 3anaJIHJIH KiJibKa ~OMiB, KOTpi TaM ~e 3aJIHlilHJIHCb, i Bi,z( 1..\bQro BOrHJO 6yJIO BCe ~OCHTb .n,o6pe BHJ(HO. Ha CBiTaHKf BOHH nO"'aJIH no HHX CTPWRTH 3 ycix rapMaT, a.ne He MOrJIH iM HiHK aamKo.n,HTH, 6o BOHH apo6HJIH .n.ocHTh .n.o6pi BaJIH, aa KOTPHMH BOHH 6opoHHJIHCb TPH .n,Hi i BttHHHJIH KWbKa BHJiaaoK. TypKH, 6aqaqH, ~o ix Ba)KKO B3HTH, noqa.nH secTH neperosop11 3 lBOHeJO, I.Q06 BiH IM ni.n,.n.aBCSI, 60 BiH Bi.n, HHX HiHK He 3MO)Ke o6opOHHTHCH, RKI.Qo He ni.n,.n.acTbCR.

xoq K03aKH xoTi.JIH noKJiaCTH cnoi roJIOBH aa InoHIO,

HOM}' 6yJIO WKO)l,a qepHi, j TOMf BiH BHpiWHB 3J(aTHCH 3a .ll.BOX fMOB. llepma,

217

KHHrA I I.Il06 K03ai<H 6ynu ni~~eHi ~iJIHMH 11 3~opoBMMM. ,npyra, l.l.{06 iforo )KHBHM nepe~an" cynTa"Y, M:oro sono~apesi. ~o cTocyeTbCH qepHi, TO niH He cyM-

HisascH, 11.{0 ii 3aJII1illaTb B )KHBMX, 60 iHai<me 6y~e illi<O~a HiKOMf iHIIJOMf, a TiJibKH cyJITa"Y· TypKM npHCTaJIM Ha ~i }'MOBM, niCJIH qoro niH BHMmos.n.o HHX 3 OKony, B3HBWH 3 C060IO ncix I<03aKiB, i CKa3aB ~0 T}'pKiB Tal<}' npoMony: «OcKi.nbKH 6yna HaTe Bo)Ka BOJIH, I.Il06 H cboro~Hi 6ys y nawHx pyKax, TO npoiiJy, .1.1.{06 BH Jl.OTpMMaJIH TOrO, Ha 11.{0 npHCSifaJIH, a ~HX 'leCHHX JIIO~eM BiJibHO Bi~nyCTHJIH. RKI.l.{O )K BH rHiBa€TeCH Ha HHX, TO Kpai.Ile OOMCTiTbCH Ha MeHi, aiM .n.aihe cnoKiM». IToTiM niH nonpoi.IlaBCH 3 K03aKaMH, o6i~HIOt.IH, I.IlO ~0 OCTaHHbOfO CBOfO OO~HXY BiH IX He 3a6y~e. l.Jyrot.~H TaKe, K03aKH 3 BeJIH-

KHM rua'1eM nonpol.l.{aJIHCH 3 HHM i ~inynaJIH MOMY PYKY· lloTiM, si.n.iMIIIOBIIIM BiJJ. HHX Ha BiJJ.CTaHb TpbOX OOCTpiJiiB 3 JI}'Ka, BiH BHBiB i3 C060IO qepHb, 3 HKOIO nonpoi.IlaBCH a neJIMKHM nJia"'eM, i 3Hony nonepHYBCH .n.o K03aKiB. Bee, I.IlO TiJibKM BiH MaB ia 30JIOTa H KOIIJTOBHOCTeH, BiH p03JJ.aB iM, Ka)KY'IH: «He xoTiB Toro focno~b Eor, MoiqecHi pHQapi, l.l.{06 H sac MirTpHMaTH M~ani Ha CJI)')K6i 6inbiiie ~BaHa.n.~HTH coT. .H CTapancH 6 ia Eo)KOIO noMi"'"'IO Bl.IHHHTH TaK, l.l.{06 HHHi ~i co6aKM He XOJJ.HJIM no MOIM 3eMJii, TiM 3eMJii, HI<}' MiM focOOJl.b Eor ni~HHB ni.n. MeHe 3a Moi BeJII-~Ki rpixH. Ane B)Ke ni3Ho, i H Mymy TepniTu Te, 11.{0 3BOJIHB .n.onycTHTH Ha MeHe focno.n.b Ear, a 3 naMH H B)Ke MYIIIY po3.11}'1.1HTHCH. HexaM JKe sac focno~b Eor I I (c. 189) y ~o6poMf 3~opon'i ~oBe,.ll.e ~o BalllHX Jl.OMiB. RKIIlO JK MeHe focnOJl.b Eor n6epe)Ke BiJl. KpHnanoi

PYK" ~HX 3JIHX JIIO)I.eM, HKI.l.{O MeHe )KHBMM npMBeJl.YTb ~o Moro naHa, TO He

. .

C}'MHIBaiOCb HlCKIJibKM y CBO€Mf naHl, l.l.{O BIH flOBepHe MeHI

~10

,.ll.ep)KaBy.

JIKI.l.{O )K H ii 6y.zzy KOJIMCb MaTH, TO npHCHraiOCb BaM, l.l.{O BaM i BaiiiOMf 3Ha'IHOMY Hapo~y noJibCbKOMY 3aB)KJl.M l.IHHMTHMy Jl.06po. ATe, l.l.{O H Man np11 co6i, xoqy, l.l.{06 BOHO Kpal.l.{e 6yno .n:aHo BaM, Hi)K ~i co6aKH 3a6epyrb, a ~e 3a,.li.JIH TOfO, 11.{0 H ni3HaB BeJIM"' BaiiiOI BipH, l.leCTi H DOCTiMHOCTi, QIO BaillY npHH3Hb 11.{0~0 MeHe, KOTpoi

He 3a6y~y M )1.0 CMepTi». Ko3aKiB TaK CMJibHO

3BopymHna ~H npoMona, l.l.{O, ~HK}'IO"'H laoHi, sci nnaKaJIM. IToTiM, no6ynwH y HMX i 3a.JIHWHBWH 36poiO, IBOHH CaM, 3 OJJ.HMM TiJibKH OOJIHKOM 0CMOJibCb'

•

• u

KHM, HK B H3eHb nilliOB )1.0 rypeQbKOfO BUICbKa

•

1 TaM

npOTHfOM l.IOTHpbOX

fOJl.MH p03MOBJIHB 3 HMMM. Ma6yrb, CB0€10 MOBOIO BiH o6pa3MB nalllY, 60 TOM, J6on10 66urrw

BHxonMBIIIH wa6JIIO, npo611n i1oMY )KMBiT i py6oHfB MOMY poTa, a HHH1.1ap11 np11 QbOMJ MOMY BiJl.py6anM ronony. fonony InoHi Haca.n.MJIH Ha cn11c, a H:oro TWO np11n' H3aJIM 3a HOrM Jl.O Jl.BOX nep6JIIOJl.iB i BiJJ.nycTMJIM ix, i ~i Bep6JIIOJl.li nononaM if oro po3ipnanM. IToTiM )Ke sci T}'PKii nopy6an11 Mora TWO Ha ~pi6Hi wMaTKM, BMOl.laJIM wa6ni y iioro Kponi. TaKiiM KiHeQb y He6opaKa InoHi, KOT-pHii TaK 6araTo IIlaCJIMBMX 6wrn Man 3 TYPKaMM, ane npelliTi TaK MapHo n~an

cnoe )KMTTH. BMJl.HO, focno,.ll.b Bor xoTiB TiJibKM Toro, I.Il06 niH He cnoK}'CMBcH i 3apa.n.11 BeJIMKOfO 6araTCTBa He llOT}'pl.IHBCH, a 6yB ~06p11M XpHCTHHHJ.i%ypi(Jl HOM. IToTiM i TfPKH, 3a6MBWM InoHIO, KMHYJIMCH Ha qepHb, RKY py6an11 Hal.le nopy6Mu MOJIVa6Cbi(JJ 6MJl.JIO. Ko3aKM .iK no6al.IHJIM, l.l.{O cTanocR nopyllleHHR npHcHrM, xoTwM, He 'UpIll> Jl.OBipHIOl.JM rypeQbKiM npHCH3i, BTeKTM Jl.O OKOniB i TaM 6opOHHTMCH Jl.O OCTaHHbOfO nOJJ.Mxy. OcKiJihKH .iK TaM Y.il<e nonHo 6yno rypKiB, TOJl.i BJl.api1JIH Ha nepWMH rypeQhKMM 3ariH i TaM, HK HecaMOBMTi, py6an11 rypKin. BoHM Mpi<HbO

218

KHllrA I niMa.nu cnoe )l<HTT.H He 6e3 neJmKIIX nTpaT TypeUI>Koro niikhKa. TypKH )I( He Mornu Ha,li,I1B)'UaTHOI neJiltKilr CIIJii ~yxy i1 CMiJn1nocTi i'XHiM, TillhKl1 ~naHMU.HTb K03aKin noHn B3}{J1H y nonoH: caMoro reTbMaHa CnepqonchKoro, JianpeHTi.H Ko3JJOBCI>Kor·o, nJIOt.IaHnHa rep6a «..HcTpy6>>, 3~onc~>Koro, ..HH'4i, 3anecbKOro, C)"--l1HChKoro, EoryUbKoro, a.Jie ncix ~Hx 6yno BHK)'llJieHo, xo'4 T)'pKl1 i1 .lcy)KC HaMOBJI.HJIJ1 i'x nepei1Tl1 Ha cno10 nipy. Ocb TaK T}'PKM Ha MiCI.~e InoHi Ha MOJI.u.ancbKli~I npecTOJl noca,.u.HJIH lleTp11Jia, 6paTa nanachKoro rocno~ap.H.

'X..oJai(Jl pOJ6umi

1Tempu;10 MOJiiJa(J.

Cbi(.U U wcnoiJap

.UR icmopiR i Oe.JLKi iuw.i oooamKU, Kornpi 6yoymo UU:Jiette, ue 8MiUJ,eui y xpouiy,i, 60 TllOOiJlW! 6yo J rllUX Kpai"'J-taX, Oe Oi06yOMUCJLY,i petli, a 6ye J eime6COKOMJ 3aMKJ, ua J,£OCKoecoKOA-ty xopooui. Ta.~~t R 1W'HaO 18 pDKiB 6yB KanimanoM 11.ao n 'Jlmo.Ma C01/l.H.R.J.tU nixomu i OeCJlm'Ka.AtU ?<.iHH011lU i OUOaB C6010 xpouiKJ UJ,e (J -ttaCU ?<.opo./l.Jl Cmeifjana. ToMy y,i petti, ?<.ompi nomi.M. oi.R.auCJL o Kopoui, Jl3i6pao 3 iumux xponi?<. i OOOae )' cmuCJWM)' 8UZJI.R,Oi 00 ceod: U!>06po3noeiiJb npo namux KopoAiB-nanie, R'K i npo inmi nomatmi cnpaeu Pe-tti ocnoAumo~ UUl.Jla ceow nopRiJKoM. / / (c. 190)

IJ;horo )I( poKy MOCKOBChKHM KH.H3h, nepm Hi)!( nTiK KopoJib feHpiK, . nepeMHp ' .H, a.Jie 3JiaMaB npHCHr)' 1. CBO€ CJIOBO, B3HB 3 HHM qepe3 nOCJilB 3pa,.u.JIHBO 3axon11B llepHon Ta iHmi KiJlbKa 3aMKin n lHJl.HH~ii. Uboro )K poK}' 6yn rpa~ TaKMH neJIHKHM, ~o i1 6araTo nTaxin non6Hnan; qepe3 ~e piK 6yn ~y)Ke ~opor11i1 Ha J6i)l()K.H Ta iHmMii nponiaHT. IJ;horo )I( poKy TapaHOBChKHH 6yn nocJiaHMM ~o Typet.I'tiHHH ~JI.H fl~TBep~JKeHH.H nepeMHp'.H 3 T}'pCUbKHM C)'JITaHOM i qepe3 BeJIHKHM rOJIO)J. B MoJI.u.anii i crrycTomeHH.H ~iei 3eMJii TYPKaMM M)'CHB o6'iJK.ZPKaTH ii qepe3 BanaCbK}' Ta EoJirapChK}' 3eMJii, a 3Bi.U.TH TapaHOBCbKHM lxan .u.o paKii qepe3 EanKaHCbKi rop11, a noTiM - .u.o KoHCTaHTHHOnOJISI. lli~ qac iioro 6)'TT.H B KoHCTaHTHHOllOJii noMep we~bKHH C)'JITaH CeJiiM, .HKHH ~na TH)l(Hi nepe.u. UHM Tpi)'M<Pynan 3 npHBOJzy B3.HTT.H y icnaHuin T)'Hicy ii r OJieTH (Golety) B A<f>pHQi. Ane nami .u.onro TPHMaJIH n TaEMHHQi nicTb npo iioro cMepTb, 6o.H'tiHCb 6)'HTiB. lloTiM MOrO crapmHH CHH A.MypaT 6yn llOCa,zJ.)KeHHH namaMH Ha npeCTOJI. 3a ~e .HHH'tlapH ~)')KC rHiBa.JIHC.H, aJie BiH IX BtJaCHO y6JiaraB i T)'T )KC HaKa3aB 3a..u.ymMTH n' HTh MOJio~mHX 6paTin. TapaHOBChKHM 3po6:11n yce, 3apa.n.H qoro 6yn llOCJiaHHH, i 3 nepeM:Hp 'SIM npHIXaB )J.O)J.OM)'. PoK}' 1575, MiC.HQH nepecHSI, npMiilllJia nicTb .u.o noJibHoro reThMaHa CeHHBChKoro, ~o 6araTo TaTap rOT)'ETbCH HanaCTH Ha llo.u.iJIJIH. BiH o.u.pa3)' )K, He 3aTp11M)'IO'tiHCh, noCJian KillbKacoT K03aKiB, KOTpi no6a'tl:HJII1 CWI}'CWieHH)'TBap:HH, SIKi TiKaJII13 Jiicy, 6e3Jiiq llTaCTBa, SIKC ni)J.HSIJIOCH 3 llOJiiB, TO 3p03)'MiJIH, ~0 l.(e € BeJIHKa TaTapCbKa op.u.a, KOTpa nepenpaBHJiaCSI qepe3 ,l(Hinpo i CTaJia ni)J. lJopHHM JiicOM. feTbMaH T)'T .>Ke llOCJiaB lliJI.SIXTi QIO BiCTb, BOJIHHCbKHH BOEBO~a KoCTSIHTHH 3i6paB 'tiHMa.JIO BiHChKa i CTaB HallOTOTOBi 3 BOJIMHQSIMM. IHmi .>K np:H6)'JIH .u.o rpoMa)J.M ii o6pan:11 co6i reTbMaHOM no.u.iJlbCbKoro noeno.zzy MHKOJiaH MeJieQhKoro 3 .U.OM}' «fpH», i niH pymHB 3 HHM .u.o CMHHBH. AJie KHiBCbKHH noeno.u.a noCJiaB K03aKiB 3 K:11ena, "'epKac i KaHena, Ko-rpi nycrHJIMCH B 'tlaHKax piKOIO ,ll;HinpoM, ni.u.'ixaJIM ni)J. TaTapCbK}' cTopo.>K}' i n.u.apHJIH Ha Hei: OJJ.HMX B6HJIH, .u.pyr11x noB'SI3aJIH ft npHBeJIH )1.0 CBOiX. Bcix TaTap 6yJio BiciM)J.eCSIT THCH"', SIKi iflWIH TpbOMa BiHCbKaMH, a B aBaHrap)J.i HIDJIO n'SITHa)J.~SITb THCSI'tl. [(i, BBa.>KaH, KOJIH

219

MocJ({JfJumI(.JUlm/Jono • pyumul(.

'Be.nui(Jlu i w1(ji)11.u8u

zpaa y 'J3eJIUI(p·

non~>UJ,i

!lJTapaH.ofJe~,

IQlU - noco11. iJo !lJType'l· 'lUH.U !Jio.Mep mypey111(Jlil C!JllmaH.

CeJ1iM

gj'[amapu H.a !lTMi.n..!U

KHHrA I uawi npHXO,li.HJU1 ,n.o CHHSIBH, n,n.apHJIH Ha MicTo i B)Ke 6yJIH 6 i 3aMOK 3axoDHJIH a6o cnanHJIH, 6o TaTapKu-6paHKH (tatarki branki) 3a1:.mpyna.nH sci pywHHQi, i 3 )KO,li.Hoi rapMaTH He MorJIH BMcTpinHTH, ane TYT Hawi no'llaJIH Bl1xo,n.MTH 3 Jiicis, nepe.n. KOTPMMH npHM'llaJIH B MicTe'lJKO ,n.na 6paTM CTpyci, Cmpyci- JIKY6 i €)Ki. BoHH xoq i 6yJIH 3 MaJIMM 3arouoM, o,n.HaK rpoMHJIH: noraHHX, uc~ti .Myxi

KOTpi B)Ke DO"lJMHaJIH DJUOH,ll.pynaTM 6y,n.MHKH, 3aKJia,zJ.aJIM BOrOHb, nparuy"lJM BCe Qe o6epHyTM Ha noniJI. Ane, no6a'lJMBUIH BiHCbKO, TaTap11 UO'llaJIM

9llamapc~>l(j

TiKaTH //(c. 191) .no cnoro Kowa, a noTiM 3 Koma a)K .no csoro BeJIHKoro

;utmpoUJi BiMCbKa B ,li.MKi flOJJSI. 3a HMMM reTbMaHM flOCJiaJIM CBOiX K03aKiB, aJie BOHM

,ll.yMaJJM, ID:O noraHMX B)Ke He 3aJII1UIMJIOCb, ru:o Bci BOHH B op,ni, 60 BMJ].HO

6yno,

SIK BOHH BTiKaJIM. ToMy I<03aKM nonepnyJIMCSI na3a,n.. PoTMicTpH if

reTbMaHM, OC06JIMBO no,n.iJibCbKMH BOEBO,ll.a, npOCMJIH pHQapCTBO,

220

I.I.J;06

KHMrA I OJJ,HaK BOHH 3JierKOBa:>KiiJIH i DBa>Ka.JIH Qe pi"'l.JIO HeiiOTpi6HOIO, TOM)' H BOHI1 3aTpHMaJIIIC.H Ha SIKHilcb qac, 6o.Hl.JI1Cb aopo:>Koro noaepHeHH.SI.

po3'1xaJIHC.H no CBOIX .U.OMaX. Jle,nBe BOHJ1 3ciJII1 3 KOHeH, .SIK npHHWJia nicTb npo nenHKY KiJihKiCTb noraHHx.

He sip11s QhOM)' :>KO.AeH, .AOKH He ne-

pecni.Al.JHBC.H Ha nnacHi o1.1i. TaTapu nHHWJIH 3 Mon,naBCbKOi 3eMJii, nepenpanuJIH:C.SI

I/ (c. 192) qepe3 ,l(HicTep i pynnrJIH QMM 6eperoM piKH; scyne-

peq Ha,ni.SIM HawHx, BOHH CTaJIM 6in.H CMH.HBM 11 po3ii1wnHC.H 3aroHaMM, 3a6upal0"411 JIIO.nei1, cTa,na Ta iHmy 3.U.06M"t.J, nycTowaqM MicTeqKa, cnanJOIO"t.JH Ta nJIIOH.l{p)'10 1IIi ce11a. To.l{i TaTap11 B pycbi<HX Kpa.Hx Bl:.JMHMJIM nenuK)' if He3MipH)' lliKO.ll.)', 60, KpiM 3a6MTI1X CTapi1X JIIO.ll.eH i MaJII1X !.(iTOK, BOHH 3a6pa.1IH 3 C060IO .U.O HeBOJii IIOHa.U. n' 51T.U.eCSIT n '.SITb TI1CSJq .LJ.)'lli, a KO-

'Bellul(a

HeH- niBTOpacTa TMC.Hl.J, a TaKO:>K He3Jii"t.JeHH)' KiJibKicTb X)'.A0611 Ta OBeQb,

mamapc1>1(a J006U'l

He 3ra,ll)'l0l.JH npo iHlll)' 3.A06Hl.J: lliaTM, 30.1IOTO, cpi6JIO. J DOHM Tal< IIIBH.A- JPyci KO 3 yciM U:MM BTeKJI11, mo IX HiXTO He Mir Ha3,l(OrHaTI1. TpOXH HaJllMX rHa.noc.H 3a HHMH aJK .ll.O Mon.n:.ascbKoi 3eMJii, nparHyqH ni.l(6HTH qacTHH)' JIIO.u.ei1 Ha neperrpani ni.n:. XoTHHOM, aJie op.U.HHU:iB 6y11o 6opoHeHo 3 XoTHHCbKoro 3aMK)' llOCTpiJiaMJ1 3 BOrHClla.JibHOI 36po1, 3aB,l(.SIKI1 l:.JOM)' BOHH BTeKJIH 6e3 BTpaT. A HWJIH TaKMM "t.JHHOM. llonepe.n:.y HlliOB AJii-fipe:H (Alekierei)- coJITaH 3 npanopoM 3 6iJIOI Ta qepBOHOI KMTaHKH, .HKa MaJia 3aBIIJ11piiiKI1 ,U.Ba

9Top!liJ01( mamapct.1(9· w 6iiia.l(£l

Ca:>KeHi, a Ha ropi - <Pap6oBaHa KMCTb 3 KiHCbKOrO XBOCTa; ni,u. QHM npanopOM 6yJIO BiHCbKa n'..SITHa,U.QSITb THC.Hl:.J. JI.H3H.l(-fipei1 (Lazydgierej)- COJITaH 3 npanopoM i3 3CJieHOI Ta 6iJIOI KMTaHKH, ni.n:. .HKHM 6y.110 ,u.eCHTb THCH't{ TaTap. AqH-fipe:H (Aczygierej) i3 qepnoHHM npanopoM 3 ,u.noMa KiHU:HMH, rri,u. .HKHM 6yno .n:.ec.HTb THCHl.J TaTap. CaT-fipe:H (Satkierej) 3 npanopoM 3 qepBOHOl Ta 6iJIOl KHTaHKI13 KHCTHMH, ni.n:. KOTpHM 6yJio n'HTHa,llU:HTb TMCH'l BiHCbKa. 3a HHMH HIIIOB coJITaH Ki-fipe:H (Kikierej) 3 rrpanopoM 3 6iJIOI Ta 3CJieHOI KHTaMKI1 3 l:.JOTHpMa KiHQ..SIMH, ni,u. HKMM 6y.110 BiciM THCHl:.J BiMCbKa. 3a HHMH MIIIJIH II'HTHropCbKi qepKeCH 3 npanopoM 3 6iJioi Ta 3eJieHOI KMTaHKH 3 KHCTHMH, ni,u. ..SIKHM 6yJio CiM THCHt{ BiHCbKa. ,ZJ;o6p)'.l(3bKi Ta 6iJiropo,u.cbKi TaTapH HIIIJIM n anaHrap.ll.i rronepe.ll.y niifcbKa 3 EaKaEM (Bakajem), a 6yJio ix ,u.ecHTb THCSI'l; .n:.o6ipHMX qononiKiB 3 O.ll.HHM KOHeM ,U.O n'..SITHa.U.U:SITH THCH't{.

A H3.ll. QHMH BciMa BiHCbKaMH MaJIH HaHBH-

nzy BJia.u.y CHHH nepeKoncbKoro xaua, HKHX TaM 6yno ciM. Tsep.n:.HTh, mo KOJIH BOHH yniHIIIJIH .n:.o Mo;masii, TO no,u.iJI1111HCH noJIOHOM 3 Mo;manchKHM rocno-

!MoJZaaiJcb·

.u.apeM lleTp111IOM. Hami :>K ix qeKaJIH B iHIUHX MicWJX, cno.l(iBaJO"t.JHCh, mo BOHH

wcnwap npoiJiiJ mamap

6y.zzyTb MTH qepe3 llo,u.i.n.Jr..SI, i XOTiJIH Bi.l(6HTH )' HHX xoqa 6 qaCTHH)' DOJIOH)'. O.n:.HaK HerapHo B'lHHHB ~o.n:.o Hac MOJI.U.aBChKHH rocno,u.ap, mo ix TaM npo-

I(Jlu

nycnm [ qepea cno10 .n:.ep)Kany]. O.n:.HaK i K03aKH THM qacoM He 6111111 6aii.n:.HKH, 6o, n.u.apHBIIIH ai CBOiM BmK.n;eM Eor.n:.aHKOM, HKHH noTiM aarHH)'B nm ACJiaM-ropo.n;KoM, aa llepeKon, Bl:.JHH1111H TaTapaM BeJIHK)' IIIKo.u.y, Ta.KOIK Ha- 9\PJCUO' rwcnWp!f'O"l• 6panu 3.ll.06Hqi. llaJIHJIH i HiKOrO He 3aJIHillaJIH B IKHBIIX, B6HBaJIH Ha DaJii 61repeHaBiTb MaJIHX ,l(iTeH, ane He BHHaropO.ll.1111H HaiUoi IIIKO,ll;H. 3MHJI}'HCR, DOlKe, 1(911Cf>rtjil Ha.u. THMH ~TpaTaMH, ..SIKi Hailli 3a3HaJIH TOJ.d _BiA l(HX st~H't{HH(Ci.B..

221

Jt.M/Ij

KHMrA I To.n:i y llonhnd 6yna TaKa 3Ha'l!Ha TpHaora, 11.\0 JIIOJl.H cKpi3b BTiKanH, xo'lla TaTap B>Ke :H He 6atiHJIH, 6araTo xTo BTiK a,)K .n:o KpaKosa. TaK cyaopo DOKapaB HaC TOJ].i foCDO,llb nor, IUO SIBHO CllOBHHJIOCSI B HaC Te, npo Il(O ronopMTb Cs.aTe llMCbMO: «6y.n:yrh TiKaTH, I I (c. 193), xoqa 3a HMMH He 6y.n:e HixTo rHaTMCSI, i 6y,n:yrb 6oSITHCSI i JIMCTSI 3 .n:epes». Bee ~e TOJl.i BH.aBMJIOCSI, i I..'(MM Hac aa Hami rpixM noKapaHo a .n:ony~eHHH focno.n:H.H. ~boro )I( poey naHysana nocyxa TaKa, J.JJ;O B .n:esrKHX Micn;srx BicJIY nepei>KJ].>KaJIH. I.J;horo )K poey B ,lJ.o6>KHHChKiM 3eMJii 6iJISI PHniHa CKa:>KeHHM BOBK noeycaB ,n:BaHaJ].I..'(SITepo JIIOJ].eM, BiJ]. 'l!OrO J].e.HKi TSI:>KKOIO CMepTIO llOBMHpaJIH a)~( Ha TpeTiM Mic.al..'(b, I.J;horo :>K poKy B Ma3osii OJl.HOro IIIJI.HXTH'lla 3 Jl.OMY «CJienospoH>) y nJIOHChKOMY KOCThOJii 6yno s6MTO 3 pyiiiHHI..\i y CsiTnui1 noHe.n:iJioK, i 6araTo iHlllHX CBaBiJibHHX cnpaB 6yno TOJ].i B pi3HHX llOBiTax Ta BO€BOJ].CTBaX. I.J;horo :>K 1575 poey KopoHHi naHH Ta pMI..'(apcTBO no6a'l!HJIH, mo Piq llocnoJIHTa 6e3 BOJio.n:apsr e y aeJIHKiii He6e3nen;i, 12 TpaBH.H BHMillOB TepMiH 3 MOMeHry, KOJIH feHpiKa BMOBJI.HJIH 'l!epe3 llOCJiiB, ~06 BiH llOBepH}'BC.H 11.0 TioJibll.\i. CKiH'liHBCH TepMiH yro.n:H, 3ri.n:Ho 3 .HKOIO BOHM MaJIH iioro 'lleKaTM .n:o l..'(boro ,n:Hsr, He Jl.O'IeKaBmHcb KoponH, BOHH o611panH y Bapmaai !!TperruH· Ha MOrO Mic~e iHIIIOrO BOJIOJ].ap.a. Mi:>K HHMH 6yJIM TaM TaKi npeTeHJ].eHTH iJeHmU Ha (competitorowie): iMnepaTop MaKCMMiniaH i iioro CMH EpHecT, mae.n:cbKHM e;u~iiO Koponb i Koponeaa, ceMMropo,n:cbKHM aoeso.n:a EaTopiii i <f>epapCbKHM KHH3b .An:b<:poHc; sci noJ].aJIH .n:ocHTb .n:o6pi yMoBH. To.n:i OJl.Hi o6pan11 KoponiaHy AHHy noJibCbKOIO KoponeaoiO, naM'.HTaiO'liM rrpo .n:o6po.n:ii1cTBa ,n:HHacTii .Hrai1na, a B 'IOJIOBiKH iii J].aJIH ceMHropo.n:cbKoro aoeso.n:y CTe<f>aHa BaTopi.H. lHwi xoTiJIH iMnepaTopa MaKCHMiniaHa. IMnepaTop B)l(e 6ys i npucHry cKJiaB qepe3 csolx nocnis, ane He cKopo npuixas. To.n:i Ti, KOTpi o6panu BaTopisr, qepe3 3aTpHMKY iMnepaTopa paHime np116yn11 3i CTe<f>aHOM. BHacni.n:oK l..'(boro MaKCHMiniaH 3aJIHWHBCH Ha caoeMy npecToni, a Ea-

'Earrwpiu

we iJo nolll>llji Ha I({Jp011i8-

cm8o

Topiii, 3aJIHlliHBIIIH CBOfO 6paTa Ha CeMMrOpOJl.CbKOMY BOEBOJ].CTBi, CTaB nOJihChKHM KoponeM Ha TaKHX yMoaax: 1. BiH Mae npucHrTH Ha ,noTpHMaHHH ncix npas i Tnep.no ix .no.nep:>KyaaTH. 2. CnJiaTHTH KopoHHi 6opr11. 3. Bee, 11.\0 MOCKOBCbKHM KHSI3b B3SIB, 3J].06yTH. 4. YKJiacTH aiT.JHHM MHp 3 rypKaMH. 5. 3Mii..\HHTH Kop,nOHH. 6. TipHCJiaTH nepe.LJ. CBOIM npHJa.l{OM CTO TI1C.SI'll 3JIOTHX. 7. Hasi'IHO 3BiJibHHTHCSI si.n: TaTap. To.n:i poKy 1576, MiCHUH KBiTHH, supywHB EaTopiH: .n:o OoJihW.i qepe3 Mon.n:aBCbKf 3eMJIIO. 3ycTpiTH :Horo na noJibChKi Kop.LJ.OHH BHixanH Hami, nacaMnepe.n: pycbKHM noeso.n:a €poHiM i KaM'.HHel..'(hKHM KamTeJI.RH MHKOJia:H CeH.RBCbKHM 3 .LJ.06pHMH 11 3Ha'liHHMH ecKopTaMH i 3 aeJIHKOIO KiJibKiCTIO iHmoro pHI..'(apcTBa. Kon11 BOHH npHniTanM Kopon.H, si.n iMeHi ncix npoMoBHB .n:o Hhoro Map~iH MeH:>KHHCbKMM, npanHHK, KOTpoMy caM Koponh

222

I(HHrA I si,nnoai.nan JiaTHHOIO I I (c. 194) Ha nee H ,ny.IKe rpeYHO. Y BCJIHKY n'SITHM~IO KopoJib npHixas ,no MorMJIM, .ne 3apa.n11 Ha6o.IKeHCTBa npo.IKMB KiJihKa .ll.Hia. JliO.llH, noqysmn, ~o siH nepe6yna€ n MorHJii, 3Bi.nyciJih Mt.za.JIM JJ.O KpaKosa. KopoJiiBHa TaKO.IK THM qacoM BMIXaJia 3 BapmasM, 3 HeiO np116yJio .no KpaKosa KWhKa 3Ha'-IHMX naHiB i 1.JMMaJIMM ecKOPT JIIOJJ.y. U11M BOHM ni,nHecJin .n.yx sciM JIIO,Il.SIM, i KpaKis eTas 6e3net.zHilllMM.

CTE<PAH

EATOPIM

Cme¢au 'Eamopiu, yzopey,v, ce.Muzopoocvl(!tu 1(J;IJ!Jb, gftc.JlJl- BuiJ{)y !Teupil@ nocmiuHOw npwtJHW 6 'JrxemvCJl 3 1({Jp0H010i UoZO cwty uaca.Mnepeo nu~mi WaHUJ,aHU 'DiJfUl.!lU, ~liM noJui..4a6CJl. JlaO i y ilJU~uu1(j6. 9Hamapuu oo.Ma cuiJiD, 9ToiJi.luur, ue ncy8a6, tJJjau~J~,i, .Mupy npazuy~u, 'lljactn.fl, 6aJ~Ca6 itoM-y. I I (c. 195) '.Biu ma1( npu6op1(a6 Moc1(fJ8iw i, 68aJ~Cau, uathu6 9J[ozo, J/.1( Doua Mae ewaaDamu tUJ1(fliH 3ua~uiu no1lvcv1\iu c..!Ul8i. 'BpS ma.M 6azamo Ja.M1\i8, ma1(ca.Mo it llt¢MHiJiw, .1/.eZKfJ, UJO Mo8e ;rrno cma6a6 ua UJ./LSl.~ ilozo cnpa6a.M. 3aJapicua c.M.epmv no6azu.n,a y uac ilozo ucHOmu I wfJuiJt({J, ua 3/CMb 6azamvo.M, 3a6pa.JUl iiozo J y,vozo c6imy.

223

'l(ppollifhta npui{_a.Jla iJo Xpai({JfJa

KHMrA I Qboro JK poKy ni.n; Pi3.n;na rocno.n;a Xp11crn

1576, 18 KBiTHH, ceMMropo,ncbKHM soeso.na CTe<PaH BaTopi:H, o6pa-

HHH Ha floJihChKe KoponincTno, npHixan 3 qMMaJIMM ecKopToM pMuapcbKMX JIIO.n.e:H. BiH 1yr )Ke 3 AHHoiO, .n.oqKoiO KoponH CMrbM)'H.n:a i pi.n.Horo cecTpoiO noMepJioro Kopomr ABrycTa, B3RB mmo6 y CTaHiCJiana KapHKOBChKoro, HKHM XPponalji.R 1(9poM

CmetjaiUl

6yn To.n;i KpaKinchKMM em1cKonoM, a

30 TpanHH KopoHonaHMM. A rH€3-

HeHcbKoro apxienHcKona To.n.i He 6yno, 6o niH ni.n;'e.n;HancR ni.n. KoponR, opieHT)'IOqHch Ha uicapR. Alle HK TiJibKM niH .noni.n;ancR npo npHi3}:( KoponR CTe<PaHa, a .n;o Toro )I( i lioro KopoHaQiiO, TO He Tin:bKM niH, a M )KO.n;eH 3 TMX naHiB, KOTpi 6yJIM 3 HMM, He npOTMDl1JIHCR QbOM)'. Y)Ke TO.ZJ.i Ha TiM KOpOHaQii KOpOJib CTecpaH o6pan co6i ri.n.Horo M~a • .HHa 3aMOMChKoro, KOTpHi1 i1oro oco6JIHno Ha noqaTK)' naHynaHHH, ocTepiran ni.n; 6araTbOX peqeM Ta iH<!JopMynan Moro, w:o6 niH, xoq.ZI.}')Ke M)'.n:pm1, ane, 6y.n.yq11 iHo3eMHMM naHoM i He 3HaiOqH

'lJaJieHmun HalliMX npaB Ta 3BJ1qaiB, y qOM)'Cb He llOMHJIMBCH. ,lJ,anmM )I( KpaKinChK)' .n:ep'Du«6incb1QJU, KJJponnuu )KaBy KopoHHOM)' KaHQJiepy BaneHTMHY ,lJ,eM6iHChKOM)', .n.an MOM)' i MeHirry ne1(91l!p!tp

qaTK)', 6o .ll.yHiH Man 6iJihrny. IlicJIR Qhoro KopoJib noixan .n;o Bapman11, K)',ll;M

.n.o HhOro npu6yJio qHMaJIO oci6 i3 cynpoTHBHOi CTOpOHH, ni.n;.n;aJOqH MOMY RK naHy ni.n;.n;aHCTBO Ta llOCTiMHY nipHiCTb i CTBep.n.)KyJOqH Qe npMCRraMH. Koponh y Baprnasi 3 naHaMM, KoTpi B)f(e 6ynu npM M:oro 6oui,

3 TMMM,

KOTpi 3'I)I(JJ.)KaJIMCH .l(O HbOfO, pa.n;SJqMCR npo .n;o6pe 3aCllOKO€HHH ncix 6}'H'EpaHikH·

TinHHKiB, CKJIMKaB yTop)'Hi CeMM.I,eyqM Ha QeM CeMM, 6paH,ZI.eH6yp3bKMM MapK-

6ypJb1QJii. Hhoro, Epec)Ulpl(!.patj rpacp, npycchKHM KHR3h iT. .n;. Allh6pexT <l>pi.n.pix npMCJian npucmae Ta KyRnChKoro, cnoix noCJiin 3 JIMcTaMH, BHCJIOBJIIOIOqH cnoro nipHiCTb i ry

.n.o

QO 1(9p0/I.Jl

.n.o

110BHHHiCTb,-KOTpy niH CaM i MOrO npe.D.KM MaJIH HeCTH llOJibCbKMM KOpOJIHM. KoJIM KopoJih np11lxan .n.o Top}'Hi, sci npycchKi naHone i 6araTo pHuapcTna BHixano HOM)' Ha3ycTpiq. BoHH 3ri.n;Ho 3i 3BHqaeM cKJiaJIH npHcHry i npocHJIH npo ni.n:Tnep.n:)KeHHR cnolx npan Ta BOJihHOCTeM, w:o i1 oTpMMaJIM. Bi~ qHJIMCR ni.n; HMX CaMi TiJibKH r.n.aHw:aHH, HKHX KOpOJib, BHIXaBlliM,ll;O MaJib6opKa, cnoqaTK)' qepe3 cnoix nocJiiB YMOBJIHB, a noTiM BH.n.an no30BH Ha HHX .n:o

!fi}allUJOHU

cy.n.y. KoJIM

)I(

BOHM Ha ue He 3BepHyJIM ynar11,

(c.

196) TO, Jacy.n.MBlllH ix,

gacya:Neeni Koponb pym11n 3 Manb6opKa .n;o Tqena. OcKin:hKH niH 3Han, w:o TaM Heno.n;aniK 'Eopomb6a r.n;aHW:aHH , KOTpi lllKO/l.HJIH HalliMM 110 ll.Op03i, TO BHoqj BHCJiaB

J wan·

UJLlHaMU

OKOllaJIHCH

HeBeJIHKY qacTMHY CBOI'O /l.BOpy npoTH HHX, I Tl 110Ka3aJIHC.Sl r.n;aHU(aHaM Ha oqi. CaM )Ke 3 .n;pyroro 6oKy qepe3 6onoTa, .n.e BOHH He cno.n;inaJIHCH He6e3-

. .

neKH, HaKa3aB KIJlbKOM pOTaM KIHHHM 1 TIIXOTl )1.0 HHX nepenpaBHTMC.H, 1 BOHH WBH)J.KO 3JiaMaJIH onip Ta po3rpOMHJIH r.n;aHW:aH, 3aX01111JIH Ta6ip 3 BOrHellaJibHOIO 36p0€10, a CaMHX r)J.aHW:aH rHaJIM

a)!(

.li.O MicTa i BCIO r.n.aHCbKY )Ky-

JiaBy CilJIIOH.ll:pynaJIH. floTiM KOpOJib 3axOI1HB IXHiH JaMOK fJKe6iHb. f1o6aqHnllll1 ue, r.n.aHW:aHH nonpocMJIH Kopon.H npo nepeMHp'51, .HKe iM 6yJio .n.aHo TiJibKH Ha qQTHpM .l(Hi. A.Jie 3a TaKMM KOpOTKHH qac BOHH He MOfJIH Hiqoro nqMHHTH, TOMY npocHJIM npo KOMicapin, KOTpi 6 B3HJII1 .n:o ynar11 ixHi KpHB.l(H. AJie KOJIH JKO.l(HOI Kp11B.l(l1 He 3HaHWJIJ1, TO.l(i KOpOJib HaKMHYBC5l Ha HMX, i CaM, He B.D.aJOqJ1Cb B neperOBOp113 HHMH, HaKa3aB .HHy 3aMOHCbKOM)' HaM'HTM iM nyxa i rroKaJaTH iM ixHe HBHe JaKOJIOTHMU.Tno, 6o nom1 Hiqoro iHmoro He qJ.1H.HTb, TiJibKH YMHCHO TRTayTb qac. 3 iHlllOfO 601<)', KOpOJlb HaKa3aD IlOKa3aTH iM cKpOMHiCTb, MHJiocep.n:.H i TepnJIHqicTb cnoro KoponincTna . .HKU(O )I(

'224

KHHrA I BOH11 He 3axoqyrb onaM'.SITaTnCH, TO KOpOJih OCBi.U.'-IyBaBC.H nepe.u. DOfOM i nepe.u. JIIO.U.hMI1, ~o xo'-I He xoq, a .u.m~e~eTbCH npom,maTM :H po3JIMBaTM xpMCTII.HHChKY Kpon; nK~o iltaKrne ne MO)f(e 6yT11, TO M}'CMTh IX noKapaTM. To.n:i r.n:aH~aHH, .u.o6pe cnop.H.D.IIBIIHI TPH 6ap)Ki JIIO.U.hMM Ta norHenaJibHOIO 36p0€10, B11CJiaJII1 IX 3 MicTa DO.U.OIO, nparHy'-IM KOpOlliBCbKY )KyJiany CllJIIOH-

'EOiJ ZUGII.· ~ana.Atu

.U.pynaTII i llOMCTMTMCH 3a CBOI lllKO.lJ.M. AJxe 36y;raCR Ha HMX npMKa:3Ka: «XTO MCTIITbC.H, TO~i .n,na pa3M 6ynaE 611TMM ». Eo IX Hallli 3 OJJ:HOro 6oKy piKM , a yropui 3 iHllloro TaK .u.o6pe nepecTpallll1Jil1, ~o Ti :H He 3HaJII1, K}'.U.M TiKaTM ni.n: cTpaxy, Jie.u.ne ix penna nTeKJia .n.o MicTa. DoTiM poKy 1577 Koponb, npM.U.MBMBllil1Cb .n.o6pe .n:o po3TalllynaHH.H MicTa, n11ixas .u.o TopyH.sr, a H3J.l. ni:HcbKOM nocTaBMB rHE3HeHcbKoro KalllTeJI.HHa .5IHa 36oposchKoro, M}')f(a .n:ocni.n.'lfeHoro y pMuapchKMX cnpanax. f.n:aH~aHH, 3HaiO'lJM npo Hallie HeBeJIMKe BiMCbKO, KOTpe TO.U.i nepe6ynaJIO y

PoKy 1517

T'-IeBi, BMHlllJIM 3i cnoiM reTbMaHoM RHOM 3 MicTa KenbHa, nna)l(ai1:, Ha.n.Be'-Iip y BenMK.U.eHb, nparHyqM panTono n.n:apMTM Ha Hac i po36MTM. IloTiM BOHM xoTiJIH B3.HTM T'-IeB, fHEB, Hone, CTaprap.u. Ta iHllli KoponincbKi MicTa H 3aMKM, TOM)' BOHI1 B3RJIM 3 co6010 BCe He06Xi.l(He .ll.JIH 3.ll.06yBaHHR 3aMKiB. A.JJ.e nepm Hi){( BOHM BlflllllJIH 3 MiCTa, HecnO.U.iBaHO ni.D.HHBOI TaKMM lllTOpM i TaK Cl1JlbHO noqa.n:o rpHMiTI1, ~0 'lJMMaJia 'lJaCTHHa O.lJ.HiEI 6alllTM Bna.n:a B

IcmopiJI npo 9Jfu6c&I(JJ 6um6y

pm, ynaB KlHb lll.lJ. reTbMaHOM, .U.Ba KlHHOTHHKM 3 KlHbMM BllaJIH B ptB, np11'tJ:OM}' O.lJ.I1H TaM i 3aJII1lllMBCH, a .U.pyroro BMp.HT}'BaJIH. Ilo6al.Jl1Bllll1 l{e, BOHH J ziJaH~ llOBepHyJIMCR TOfO )I( .lJ.HH. Ha .U.pyrMH .n:eHh BOHM XOTiJIH B'tJ:HHMTM Te CaMe, Ka.Atu XOTiJIM :QbOfO .lJ.OC.HfTH i B HaCT}'llHi .ll.Hi, a.n:e 3aB)K.lJ.M panTOBi .lJ.O~i BiJ.l,BO.lJ.MJllf IX ni.u. :Qboro HaMipy. BonH.U.}'MaJIH, ~o u;e 6ynH RKich qapH, ToMy noca.D.MJIH y B' H3HI1:QIO .u.nox qapiBHMII;b, .U.}'MaiO'lJH, ~o BOHI1 6yJIH HamHMH Hai1MaHKaMH. AII.e He 6a'lfMJIH Toro I I (c. 197) u;i cnini JIIO.U.M, ~o CaM Eor IM Hara.u.ynas i Bi.U.BO.U.MB ix si.u. ixHhoro 3JIOro HaMipy. IloTiM, 3)1( 16 KBiTHH, BOHM BMHWJIM 3 MicTa, a 'lfOTMpH6ap)Ki, CllOBHeHi BiHCbi<a i3 BOrHellaJibHOIO a6poEIO, ni.n:npaBMJIM so.u.oro .n:o Tqesa. Ko1111 RH 36oponcbKMH .n:icTaB nosH}' iH<l>OpMaQilO npo [(e Bi.l( CTOpO)Ki, TO BlflllUOB npOTM HMX i, 06paBIIIM TaM O.l(He Micu;e, 'tJ:eKaB Ha HHX, mo6 BOHH ni,n:iMIIIJllf 6JIH)I(l.Je. BOHH CTaJil13a .D.Bi MMlli Bi.U. T'leBa, MaiO'lM nepe.U. co6010 6iJibliiY CTOpO)Ky, Hi)K Bee llOJibCbKe BiHCbKO. 36opOBCbKl1ll, 6aqaqJ1, II(O BCH CHJia y lUBH.l(KOCTi, 33J.l,}'MaB Ha HHX 'ryT )Ke B.U.apHTM. AlJ.e BiH XOTiB y.u.apHTI1 Ha TMX, KOTpi HIIIJIM BO.U.OIO, ~06

BOHM He 3aXOlll1.1Il1 MiCTe'lJKa, TOM}' BiH He XOTiB Bi.l(.Zl:a.TIRTHCR Bi.U. MicTa. _no Toro )I( niH He .n:o KiHQH nipHB Mi~aHaM i mKo.u.a HOM}' 6y11o noKM.n:aTM.U.o6pe Micu.e, TOM}' sonia TaM "--eKaTH npoTHrOM HO"--i. RK Ti.TihKM po3BH.U.HinocH, HenpHRTe.Tib eTas noKa3ysaTMCH Ha O'lfi HaliiHM. Y3.u.piBIIIH )I(MeHhKf nii1:cLKa, r.n.aHChKHM reThMaH nolJ.YMaB, II(O HK TillhKM Hami nii1:cbKa IX no6aqMJIH, TO 'ryT )l(e Ma.TIM 6 TiKaTH. To.n.i niH eTas 3i cnoiMH nii1chKaMH Ha ropi, yKpHBlUHCH 3a o3epoM Ta piKoro. Hami Te)l( cTa.n:H Ha cnoeMy Mic.Qi, nH.TihHO Jl.HB.TIH'lfHCh i nepecTepiraiO'lfl1 TOfO, ll(06 HiM[(i IX He OTO'lJH.TIH. lliCJIH l{hOfO no"--a.TIHC.R r epu.i, ane HiMni He .n.y)Ke HanHpa.TIH Ha HamHx, nparHyqH HasecTH ix Ha rapMaTH. 36opoBChKHH nocTepir ~.te i TYT )Ke, noca.n.HBWH Ha KOu • .. • HeH KlJihKaJ.l,eCHT raH.ztYKIB 3 ,ztOBrHMH pyiiiHH[(HMH, yKpHB IX noMt)K KOniHHHKaMH, xoqa KiJihKOX 6yno B6HTO 3 pywHHQh. f,n:aHCbKHH reTbMaH, <V

•

225

KHHrA I

'Dono.Moza HtlUlU~

6a'l.la'I.IH, mo Hami nparH}'Tb ,naTM MOM}' 6MTBy, nocTaBMB nepe.l{ csoiMH aaCJIOH 3 TOBCTHX ,nOI.qOK, a 6yBWM M)'*eM He npa<paHOM Ypm:~apCbKHX cnpaBa..x, Hanepe,n BHCJiaB 200 tJOJIOBiK, ~06 BOHM 3aTpHMaJIH HalliMX. CaM )Ke 3 ,no6ipHHM BiMCbKOM i rapMaTaMH si,nnpaBMBC.H .l{pyrHM 60KOM ropH, ,ne 6ys He 30BciM ,no6pHM nepexi.l{ qepe3 rpe6mo, cno.n.isaJOliMCb OTOttHTH scix HamMx, .HK6H ,nolleJ<a.JIMC.H, a.ne ,zcy*e npopaxysasc.H. KoJIH siH asepHYBcH .l{O o,nHoro KaniTaHa, ~qo6 TOM nocnimas, TO cKa3aB iioMy: «Mo)KeMo He .ny*e nocniwaTM, 60, 6aqy, flOJI.HKH He MaiOTb HaMipy TiKaTH». oys TaM Ha 1..\bOMy Micr~i Ha CTOPO*i TeMpyK (Temruk) 3 n'.HT.U.eC.HTbMa KoaaKaMM. KoJIH Ha Hhoro HaTMCHYJIM, TO reTbMaH nocJiaB MoMy Ha ,nonoMory Mop.u.aHa CnMTKa, a KOJIM no6atti1B, mo sopor 6epe ropy, To 3BepHys ry,nH siMCbKO i HaKaaas nepeKHH}'TH aa co6o10 MicToK ttepea pittKy. Kom1 Moro nepecTepira.nH Tpo€ yropcbKHX nilllHX poTMicTpis, 1.1...'(06 BiH poanoqas 6uTsy, nepw Hi* BOpOrH npHH.A}'Th .U.O T.HMH, TO BiH BHpiWHB L'"(e apaay )K yttHHHTH. A..Jie HaCaMnepe,n, ni,nii1MaiOliH ,nyx pH1:,.\apCTBy, BiH CKa3aB, 1.1.(0 B)Ke THC.Hqa KiHHOTH nepenpasJI.H€TbC.H qepe3 BicJiy, ~qo6 .n.aTH HaM ,nonoMory. llicJI.H 1..\bOro BiH npOMOBMB .U.O HHX, ~qo6 O)J,HH y .U.pyroro npOCHB npo6alleHH.H i BH.HBHB noKopy aa csoi rpixH nepe.u. rocno.u.oM Eo roM i 3aKJIHKas Moro Ha p.HryHoK; II..\06 cso10 .u.o6py cJiasy nocTaBHB BHI.I...'(e si.u. csoro )KHTT.H; 1.1.(06 He paxysas soporiB, a.ne 6MB ix; II..\06 He 6o.HBCH soporis, 6o HeB.n,OB3i rocno.n,b Eor .u.acTb ix HaWMM .n.o pyK I I (c. 198) i CaM ix .HBHO noKapa€ 3a nHxy Ta He-

226

KHMrA I noc.nyx. IlicJHI IJ.bOro siH eTas Hara.n.ysaTM, ~o IM B)Ke He nnepme 6MTMcsr 3 noporoM, SIKOra He.n.anHO 6MJIH i y fJIOBM, i ni.n. r)Ke6eHeM, 6MJIH IX 3aB)I()J.M i npe.n.KM, 6o ue ixHE niiichKO CJia6e, He MY)KH€, noKJia.n.aETbCH TiJibKM Ha pymHI1Ui, ~o BOHM caMi lllBM,l(KO no6al.JaTb. IlaM'srTaiOl.JM cJiasycsoiO i cnoix . . . . , . . . npe,nKlB, KOTpt ,l(lCTaJIM CBO€ CJiaBHe 1M H nOJISIKIB Bl).J. DOJIH, BOHM DOBMHHI ~HbO nO"'aTH 61-fTBy, nOKJia).J.aiOl.JMCb Ha cnpaBe).J.JIMBiCTb npOTH HenipHHX

i HecJiyxHsrHHX niMaHHX, a .n.onipHIO"'M focno.n.y Eory, JierKo IX npHnecTM nOKOpM. IlicJIH UbOrO Hara.n.ynaHHSI DOJIHKM, ).J.HDHa piq, BMCT}'lli1JIM HK o.n.MH, Hi611 lx 3ananHJIH TaK, ~o iM He 6yJio pinHHX. faii.n.)'KM 3 npanoro 6oKY n.n.apMJIH no noporax 3 pymHMUh, a KiHHOTa 3 Jiinoro 6oKY n.zr.apMJia Ha HHX 3i cnMcaMM. n PM UbOMY 3 THJIY poTa CTpycSI 3 CMJibHMM KpMKOM HaTHCHyJia Ha HMX, "'HM o.zr.pa3y cTpMBO)KHJia HiMu.in, a HamMM, HKi no6al.JMJIM ~o 6araTo HiMuin o.n.pa3y )K JIHrJio TpynoM Ha noJii 6MTBM, ni.n.HeCJia .n.yx. Bop or ni.zr.KpHB cTpiJISIHMHY no nixoTi, ane MaJIO lllKO).J.M Iii Y"'MHMB, 6o nixoTa npHnaJia .n.o 3eMJii, a noTiM ni.n.61111a noporin ni.n. rapMaT. I I (c. 199) KoJIH )K HiMu:i CTaJIM HaTHCKaTM Ha Hamy niXOT}' 3i CnHCaMM, TO pOTMicTp niXOTH, BJI<e Jie)Kal.JH nopaHeHHH Ha 3eMJii, 3aKpMqan, ~o6 nixoTHHQi KHHYJIH pymHMQi, BXOnHJIHCSI 3a ma6Jii H py6aJIHCH 3 HHMH ma6JIHMH MCOKHpKaMI1. TaK BOHH H fliHHMJIM , i y HiMQiB llOl.JaJIOCH 3aMimaHHH. ,lJ,o TOrO )K 3 HHMH 3iHillJlaCSI B 6oro cni)Ka reThMaHChKa poTa, HKa ii 3JiaMana ixHiii onip TaK, ~o BOHM no"'aJIM TiKaTM. KoJIM )K HiMU.i TiKaJIM, TO CMJia ix BTODMJiaCH B Jli6illlOBCbKOMY o3epi. Hami )K rHaJIH ii py6anM ix TPM MHJii. JIK~o JK raii.n.yKH KoTporocb i3 HMX Ha3.zr,oraHHJIM, TO )KOJJ.Horo He JIMWaJIH n )KHBMX. KoJIH )K reTbMaH .zr.opiKa.B IM 3a u;e, TO BOHH CKa3aJIH: «.HK6H MH IM QbOro He Bl.JHHHJIH, TO BOHH 6 HaM B'tJHHHJIH ~e ripme». Ha noni 6HTBi nSirJio To,ni TpynoM 4527 r.n.aH~aH ari.zr.HO 3i CBi.zr,'tJeHHSIMH TMX, KOTpi XOBaJIH IX 3a HaKa30M reTbMaHa. I Qe He paxyJO'tJM THX, KOTpi 3arHHYJIH Ha lllJIHXax i B Jiicax, KOTpi BTOnMJIHCH. QT)Ke, 3 14 000 HiMQiB MaJIO XTO BriK. B'SI3HiB 6yJio 1000, KpiM THX, .HKHX lliJIHXTa if ceJIHHH 6pan11 B nonoH no nicax. O,nHH 3 HarnHx 3B'SI3an 10 HiMQin. Y .zr.eHKHX B'H3HiB HaBiTb 3HaHlliJIH MOT}'3KH Ta peMeHi, KOTpi BOHM npHrOT}'BaJIH Ha HamHx nonoHeHMX. Byno B3HTO i micTb ixHix npanopin, MiJK KoTpHMH 6yn O,D;HH, Haif6iJiblliMH, Ha SIKOMy 6yn HanMC 30JIOTHMH JiiTepaMH: «3onoTa BOJibHOCTb». B3HJIH TaKO)K 7 rapMaT i TPH rapMaTKH, ninTopacTa )1.0

!Tem~>Mart

iJo6u6a£TTU1C.JI c6ozo !Tfomy:HCM

6um8a J o6o~ cmopiH

flOaH~HU

poJ6umi

?(j.;l~>ldcml>

y6umu:t_ Wa~H

no3in, a6poi TPH 3 nononMHOIO THCR"tJi, 6araTo pymHMQb, 3 $1KHX Mano cTpiJ:UIJIH, 60 TaK BOHH 6yJIH HaJIHKaJIMCb. 3HaHWJIH y HMX i TaKi 3HapRMJI 11.0 CTpiJIL6H, ~0 KOJIH Harni BHCTpiJIHJIH 31J.BOX ixHiX KOpOTKHX rapMaTOK, TO TOH, Ha KOrO Bnana HaHMeHma iCKOpKa, DOMep. Y CaMOM}' TiJibKH f.n;aHCb·

KY 6yJio TOII.i 600 n,n;in, 6araTo MaTepis, y KOTpHx aarHHYJIH CHHH. To,n;i BOHH, 3i6paBWHCb, Jie,D;Be He B6HJIH reTbMaHa, $1KHH BTiK 3 fiOJijJ 6HTBH, ~H: «llOBepHH HaM, 3JIHH qQJIOBi'tJe, HaiiiHX M}')l(iB, DOBepHH HaM CHHiB, KOT- 7\:"LIIt.J(jam, pHX TH BHBiB 3 MiCTa i He 3HaTM 11.e llOII.iB». 3 HaWHX )l(e aarHeyJIO n'$1T1J.e.. y6umwc. H41UW(. CSIT niciM, 6yJio nopaHeHo CTO TPH1J.QRTb. A HamHx y TiH 6uTsi 6yJio He 3CUO..t.H4 6iJibm 2077, a caMe: nepwa poTa 6yJia reTLMaHCLKa; ,n;pyra - nro6niHCLKO· rQJt&fltjcm& fO KaWTeJIRHa ARli.>KeR <l>ipneR; TpeTJI - HHHiWHbOrO KpaKiBCbKOrO BOEBO• 6ii1CI>'(P J o6o;c. AU MHKOJiaR3e6>KM,n;oncbKOro, qeTnepTa- OcconiHCbKoro rep6a «Tonop», cmopiH

227

KHHrA I n'.HTa- Ka3aHOBCbKOfO rep6a «fJKMMaJJa>), IllOCTa- fOCTOMCbKOfO, ChOMaMaMa EanMHCbKoro, nocbMa - JlewHbOBOJibCbKoro, .n:en' .HTa - fHEBowesa, .n;eC.HTa- Hop.n;aHa CnMTKa. RH 3aMoi1cbKMM Mas TeJK eniii notJeT i3 40 KiHHHX, soi1Hi~bKMH KaWTeJI.HH TeH'tlHHCblillH- i3 30, OraHiCJian ITweMHCbKMM

-i3 16,

a y iHWHX .n;o6pOBOJibQiB- .ll:O 50 KiHHMX, yrop~iB- 40, a BciX KOlliMHHKiB 6yno

1\ppOAb npui;(aG niiJ !JUOHCI>'(

'Eiu 3

waH-

~axa.Mu

1132, K03aKiB JKe CTpyc.H, TeMpfKa, KapqoscbKoro Ta fi:>KMQbKoro- scboro 215, KoponiscbKHX rafuzylcin 6yno 600, reThMaHCbKHX- 30, <l>ipneH -100, KOTPi cTeperJIH MicTo Ttien. HiMQiB JKe scix 6yno 14 000. Ha ~bOMY no6oimi HaKa3aB noTiM Koponb CTe<f>aH nocTaBMTH po3n'.HTT.H I I (c. 200) 3 TaKHM HanMcoM: «He 1ta.M, rocnoou, ne 1ta.M, (J.f1£ iMeni C606.MJ JllU1tU CJLaay». A 6yna IVI6MTBa, .HK BMme 3ra,u.ysanocH, 17 KBiTHH 1577 poKY. lloTiM, 11 'IepBHH QhOfO JK poKy, KOpOJib BMCryni1B ni.n; f,n;aHChK i Ja niBTOpM MMJii Bit( f.n;aHCbKa 3YCTpiBC.H 3i CBOIMI1 )I<OBHipaMH, KOTpi 6yn11 B Tqesi, i TaM llOCTaBHB csiti Ta6ip. 3 r.n:aHCbKa B11CTYfii1Jia nixoTa i KiJibKaCOT KiHHOTHHKiB. ITixoTa 3acina Ha ropi n ca.n;ax, a KiHHOTa 3MaranacH s rep~Hx Ha ropax 3 HalllHMM. TaM 6yJio nopaHeHo KopoJiiBCbKOro TYP'~MHa MiJIHHCbKoro, .HKHM noMep ua TpeTiti .n;eHb. KoJIH npo Qe nosi):(oMHJIM Kopomi, To niH BHillHKysas niticbKO i1 BHrHaB r.n:aumaH i3 ca.n:in, onoJio.n;is ixHiMM yKpinJieHHHMH i1 HaKa3as 6HTH no Micry 3 rapMaT. f.n;aH~aHH, 6aqaq11, ~o Qe He JKapT11, si.n:npaBI1JIM 3 MicTa .n;sicTi WOTJiaH)'.(QiB, KOTpi 6MJIMCH 3 HaWHMI1 y 6oMOBOMy Jia,n;y. I...(bOfO JK .ll:HH Ha O'tlaX KOpOJIH 6yJIO B6MTO 3 rapMaTM O.D:HOfO cJiyry, KOTpMii nilllKM MlllOB .n:o yKpinJieHb, a .n;pyre H,n:po snano 6iJIH KOpoJIH. TaK QiJIMH .n;eHb He npMnHH.HJiacH cTpiJI.HHHHa 3 o6ox 6oKis, o.n;HaK noHa He 3as.n:ana HalllMM JKO)'.(Hoi liiKO.n;M. Eyno 'tlMMa.no cyTMt.IOK ni.n: MiCTOM

'J(ppOAI>

3 nepeMiHHHM ycnixoM. OcKiJibKH JK KopoJib JHas, mo saJKKO 6yno 3 Qhoro

o611oxu6

60K}' ~OCb B'IMHHTM r.n;aH~aHaM, a HiMQi He XOTiJIM ,n:aTH reHepanbHOI 6HT-

J'I.JlmepHy

BI1, TO PYliiMB ni.n: JlHTepHy, .n:e .n;osro liiTYPMYBan i 'tlMHHB nocTii:IHo 6HTBH n noni 3 neJIHKOIO He6e3neKOIO ,n;JIH cnoix, a:>K noKM He 6yJio n6HTO r.n;aHcbum~>.MaHa y6umo Koro reTbMaHa, faHca 3 KeJibHa. MiJK THM r.n;aHu~aHI1, HanonHHBWM 6apJKY COJIOMOIO, .n;epeBOM Ta iHillMM MaTepianaMH.D:O ropiHH.H, 3anaJIMJIH IX i XO-

!JUaHCI>I(pZO

TiJIH ni.n:inxHyTM ii si.n: 6epera, ~o6 soHa nonJIMJia .n:o Mocry i 3ananMJia MicT, SIKMM 36y.D:}'BaJII1 Hallli. AJie Hami llOCTeperJIM Qe i Bi.n:KpHJIH TaK}' CMJibH}' CTpiJIHHHH}' flO HHX, IIJ.O Ti qepe3 3Ha't1Hi BTpaTM HiHK He MOfJIH Bi.n;illXHyTM 6ap)l(y. Y QMX qacTHX 6MTBax .ny.JKe neJIMK}' .n:onoMory Ha.n:asas r.naHIIJ.aHaM .naTCbKHM Koponb, .HKHM nocnas iM TaKo.JK .AJISI nop.HT}'HKY KiJibKacoT liiOTfJTOCJIU

I(!U!Ji8

J Peii:tJI

JiaH.n;~is. O.n:HaK u.e ix 3pe1IITOIO He npHrynano. ITpMixa.nu nocJIH ni.n KinbKOX

iMnepCbKHX KHH3iD, OC06JIHBO Bi)J. CaKCOHCbKOfO Ta 6paH.n;eH6}'p3bKOfO,

KOTpi nOMMPMJIM r.naH~aH i KopOJI.H Ha CJI}'lliHHX yMonax. Koponb npHMHSIB 'YzoiJa r.n;aumaH }' MHJiiCTb j llOCJiaD )J.O HHX JIIO)J.eM, IIJ.06 npHHH.HTH npHC.Hry B r.n:aH-

J ziJa~t

~aHa.Mu

IIJ.aH Ha 3BH'Iai1:He nocnyllleHCTBO, ~o BOHH M B'tlHHl1JIH H o6iQHJIH mopoK}' TpbOMa BHeCKaMH CnJiaqysaTH .1(0 KOpOJiiBCbKOfO CKap6y CTO n'RT)J.eCHT TMCH'tl. Xoqa IM Tpe6a 6yJio 6 .nanaTM 6iJibllle, ane BOHH BHnpan.nosynanncH cnoiMH HecTaTKaMH, 6o Te)l( 6ym1 Ha ~10 niMH}' .ny)l(e BMTpaTMJIHCSI H aa6oprysaJIM. llicJIH QbOfO IM HilJOfO He 6}'JIO, 60 Da)I(KO ni.n;)J.aHOM}' BOIOBaTH npoTH naHa.

228

KHllrA I Y TOM )I(C l.Jac Ha BoJIHHb B/l.CpmtCR TaTapH, npOTM RKHX Kocnn-ITHH, KHS13b 0cTp03bKJilvl, nocnan 3 OcTpora n '.RTMropu,R ConroHa (Solgona) 3 TpbOMa COTHRMH KiHHOTH 3a.D,JIR «.R3HI<a». BiH, HaTpanMBlliH Ha I I (c. 201) BCJlliKHJJ TaTapCbK11H 3ariH, ..u.aB IM 6MTBY i n poruao IX. A.Jie KOJIM TaTap H np11fiWJIYI CBOIM Ha ..U.ODOMOry, TO CTa.TIH 6paTM ropy Ha..U. HHM. fliCJIR "'OfO ConroH cTan Bi..U.BO..U.MTM caolx mo.n.eH Ha 6e3ne'-IHiwe Mi cu,e, Ha rpe6JIJO B ceni KHSI3R 3acnaBCbKoro, i TaM, ..u.osro H MY)I(HbO 6'10'-JMC.H 3 TaTap aMM, s6Hlll1IX ..u.o wecTHCOT. IToTiM TaTapu neJIMKOIO CHJIOIO 3arHa.TIM HaUJMX ..u.o BO..U.lf i TaM no6MJIJ1 BciX, TiJibKM [OCJII1U,bKHH 3 KiJJhKOMa K03aKaM H cnpoMirCR BTCKTH. COJifOH )I(C 3 KillbKOMa I<03aJ<aMM YJ<pHBC.H B MJIMHi, i BOHH MY)I(HbO TaM 6opoHHJIMCSI, 3a ~o TaTapH cna.nHJJH lx pa30M 3 MJJHHOM. IToTiM TaTapH npMHillJIM ni.n. )l.y6Ho :H CTaJIH TaM nepenpaBJJ.HTMCR '-Iepe3 eTas ..u.o JaMKa, ane KHR3b KocTRHTHH nocnaB TY..U.H 3 Bi"HcbKOM cnoro CHHa JIHywa, KOTpHH IX BMn epC..U.MB, ynii1:won ,ll.O 3aMKY i 3pa3y II< noqas "'MHHTH BHJia3KH npOTH HHX Ja l..JepHCU,bKOlO rpe6JICIO, aJie l.Jepe3 nepeBa)l(aIO"'i CMJIM nopora ni.n.crynMB Ha3a..u. ..u.o 3aMKy. HacTynHoro ..U.HH TaTapH no"'a.JIM Ill'fYpMyBaTM )l.y6Ho 3 BeJIMKOlO CMJIOIO, a KH.R3b JIHylll ..u.o6pe "'HHHB iM onip i t.~MMaJIO 'ix no611s. Mi)l( U,HMM s6HTHMM 6ys O.lJ.MH 3Hat.~HMM, Ma6Y'fb, saca.JI xaHa, KOTporo 6y11o noxosaHo 6inH KpacMJIOBa. Qhoro )I( ..U.HH ni..u. TaTap BTiK ..u.o )l.y6Ha nonOHHHMK-MOCJ<OBMT. BiH cnoaicTMB, ~o TaTapH Ha ..u.pyr11:H ..u.eHb MaiOTb niTH Ha npHcTyn. ITocTepirlllM u,e, Hawi snawryBaJIH Ha HHX 3aci..u.Ky 3 pywHHU,RMH. KonH )I( TaTapM, apo6MBWH raTi '"lepe3 so.n.y, i3 wa6JIHMH Ta JiyKaMM MWJIH 6e3nocepe..U.HbO .n.o 3aMKY i B)l(e Ma.TIO He B3H.lll1 MOHacTnp Ca. XpecTa, Ha IX s.n.apMJIH Hawi i si..u.TiCHMJIH ix Ha sorHenaJibHY 3aci..u.Ky. TMM t.~acoM KHH3b KocTHHTHH nocJiaB csoro TaTapMHa 3 JIHCTaMH .lJ.O ,l(y6Ha, l.I.\06 ..U.OBi,naTHC$1, ~0 TaM ..U.iETbC$1, aJIC MOfO cxonMJIM TaTapH. KoJIH u,ei1: TaTapHH HaJIJIKaB IX siM:cbKOM, TO BOHH, He ..u.osro .n.yMaiO'liH, si.n.cTynMJIH. To.n.i )I( Pa<jlaJI CeHJIBCbKHH, 6y.n.yq11 cTapIllMM Ha..U. npHKOp.lJ.OHHHMH )1(0BHipaMH, Bi..U.npaBHB .lJ.JISl «.R311Ka» poTMiCTpiB fep6ypTa i3 ,l(3e..U.3HJiosa Ta CTaHicnasa JlHHU,KopoHCbKoro. BoHH HaTpan:H.liH .RKpa3 Ha TaTapCbKHH 3ariH, y KOTpOMY He 6yno H BiciM,nec.RTH TaTap, po36HJIH HOfO, B3JIJII1 KiJibKa B' .R3HiB i XOTi.liH flOBCpTaTHC.R, a.TIC iHWi, HeCTp11MHi, flOfHa.TIHCJI Ja TaTapaMH H HaTpan:HJIH Ha TMCHqy KiHHHX noraHu,is. BoHH 3aB'R3a.TIH 3 HHMH 6HTBY i TaK M~HbO 6HJIHC.R, l.I.\O TiJibKH Hili ix po3BeJia. TaM 6yJio nopaHeHo JlHHU,KopoHCbKOro i l.I.\e KillbKa..u.ecHT, aJIC He CMepTeJibHO, 60 KO)I(eH 3 HHX CaM BM.llii<fBaBC.R, XO'li i MaB Ha C06i no KiJibKa paH. TaTap )l(e 'liHMarro JIJirJio Ha noni 6HTBH. A..lle TaTap:H 3axonHJUI B noJIOH o..u.Horo 3 HawMx, RHa Ma.TIMHCbKoro, KoTpM:H MY)I(HbO 611BC.R 3 HHMH. L(e 6ys nopyqH:HK 3 pOTH fep6ypTa rep6a «fl'.RTHpir», a u,e:H rep6 e JOJIOTHH y 6JiaKI1THOMY noni. Bynu TaM TO..U.i TaKi HaiiroJIOBHiwi My)l(i: Tiasno fepMaHOBCbKHH rep6a «J:ICTmeM6eu,,,, CTauicnas ITcapcbKHH,no..u.oJIHHMH,€3oBHU,bKMH,Ye:HcbKHH,KopHu,bKMH,Kopc~

KH i .HKy6 He3a611TOBCbKHH, Tosapuw 3 poTH fep6ypTosoi, JII06niueu,b, KoTpHH 6ys TaKHH TOBCTHH I I (c. 202) i nHKaTHH, nto OKO si..u. oKa 6yno y Hboro Ha si..u.cTaHi u,iJioi n' R..U.i. BiH Henorauo noTpinaa TaTap.

229

Co11zou npomu mamap

!llTamapu niiJ 'Dy6HOM

'}jjif.

J mama-

pa.Mu

KHHrA I ?r{OCJ(96cr,J(Jl

;ptu11ru8a ~picnu,

Y TOM qac, KOJIH KOpOJib nepe6yBaB ni,A f,AaHCbKOM, MOCKOBCbKHM I<H.R3b, 6aqaqH ,Ao6py OKa3iiO, 3BepH}'B cBiM norJI.R~ Ha IH<PJI.RH~iro, y KoTpiM TO.Zd 6yno Mano HawHx >KOBHipis, i iM J.Qe M He 3annaTHJIH. To~i BiH nocnas T}'.AH Mareyca, J.Qo6 TOM MOMY npocTeJIHB WJI.RX. UeM MarHYc 6ys 6paTOM ~aTCbKOrO KOpOJI.R.

Y MOJIO,AOCTi BiH nepeKHHfBC.R Ha 6iK MOCKOBCbKOrO

KH.R3.R, a QeM o6iQ.RB 3po6HTH uoro iHJI.RH~CbKHM KH.R3eM i ,AaB HOMf CBOIO WieMiHHHQIO 3a ~PY>K"HY· 0Qboro BiH i nocnas To~i ~o IHJI.RH~ii. J..n06 TOM 3MOBJI.RBC.R 3 iH<Pn.R~Q.RMH npo csoE KH.R3iBcTso. IHJI.R~Qi ~osmanHC.R npo Qe, npHixanH ~o Hboro y Kecb, npHsiTanH .RK KH.R3.R, npuc.RrJIH HOMY i BiA,UaJIH CBO€ ni~aHCTBO . A MOCKOBCbKHH KH.R3b, 3i6paBWH "'HMaJie BiHCbKO, TaKO>K npH6ys 3 HHM ~o IHJI.R~ii, pewTY .RKoi nerKo 3~o6ys, 6o HOMY il HixTo u He 6opoHHB. To~i niH B3.RB MopreHxay3, Po3eJibTeH, JliOT3eH, ti:YHeM6ypr, KoKeHxay3, MHJIOCTHBO 3 HHMH o6ii%wosc.R, J.Qo6 WBH~we npusa6HTM ~o ce6e li iHwHx. Ane KOJIM siH np11i%wos ~o Amepa,Aa, ,Ae 3rpoMa,AHJIOC.R .lcy)Ke 6araTO JIIO,AeH, TO~i BiH HaKa3aB llOB6HBaTH BciX "'OJIOBiKiB, .RKi TaM 6yJIH, a >KiHOK si~aTH csoiM TaTapaM Ha 6e3"1eCT.R. 3si~TH siH pywus Ha Kecb, aJie Bci, ,AOBi~aBWHCb npo HOrO >KOpCTOKiCTb, 3aMKHYJIH nepe~ HHM CBOi 6paMM.

A Mareyc, BHuwoswH ~o Hboro, npocHB, J.Qo6 siH Mas MHJiocep~H

~0 HMX. MoCKOBCbKHH KH.R3b HaKHHysC.R Ha HbOrO 3 JiaHKOIO i B,AapHB J<Ylla-

KOM y 3y6u. Ea"'a"'H Qe, B Keci CTaJIH .zcyMaTH npo ce6e, 3iHIIIJIHCH ~o pa.AH 'Bipxicm~>

iJ4.1UlHihi(!V( :NCiHOI(.

J.QO.AO no~aJibWHX ~iii.

A >KiHKH, 3i6paswHC.R,

CTaJIH .zcy>Ke HapiKaTH Ha HMX,

I..nO BOHM smCTfllHJIH sm llOJibCbKOro KOPOJI.R' a ,AaJIH ce6e 3BeCTH QbOMf 6JiaaHeBi MarHYcy, qepe3 J.QO noTpanJIHTb ~o p}'K >KopcToKoro THpaHa. A ~o6 He "'eKaTH csoro 36e3"1e~eHHH, 3Hai01.J:H npo Te, ~o niH HaKa3aB 3po6HTH iHlliHM >KiHKaM B Amepa,Ai, TO Ha oqax y CBOIX "'OJIOBiKiB CTaJIH "'MHHTH caMory6CTBa, BCTpOMJIIOIO"'H y ce6e HO)Ki. IHWi >K 3allaJIHJIH nopox ni~ THM 6y.AHHKOM, J<Y.ll.H BOHH 3i6panHCH, i KOJIH nopox BH6yxHys, TO IX BciX BiH TaK ,AaJieKO p03KH~aB, ~0 O~Hf naH.RHJ<Y 6yJio 3HaH)l.eHO 3a "'BepTb MHJii Bi)l. 3aM-

ey; OCKiJibKH BOHa 6yna HeylliKO)J,)KeHOIO. TO 3aJIHlliHJiaC.R )1(118010. TaK MOCKOBCbKHH KH.R3b B3HB Kecb, ,Ae 3arHHYJia peniTa iHJI.RH~CbKOi lliJIHXTH, 6o BOHH T}'.ll.H 3'ixaJIHC.R 3 .n.py)I(HHaMH, ,AiTbMH i1 3 yciM . TaK caMo 6y11o 1% Ha 3aM-

KY BoJibMap, .n.e MOCKOBHTH, nparHf"'H B3.RTH )I(HBQeM KHH3H nony6eHCbKOro, BiKHOM HOrO BHCa,AHJJH, KOJJH B)l(e 3aMOK ropiB, i npHBeJJH ,AO BeJJHKOrO Moc1(98c~>l(.a

KHH3.R. TaM MOCKOBCbKHH KH.R3b HaKa3aB yciM llOJIOHeHHM p03CT}'flHTHCH Ha ;rpmpicmb npu onaxy- ,ABi "'aCTHHH: Ha O~HH 6iK Ti, ~0 BOJJiJJH llOJJbCbKOrO KOpOJJH, a Ha ~pyrHH 8anxi 6iK Ti, ~o soJJiJJH csoro KHH3H MarHyca. Ei.n.oJJaxH He 3HaJIH, .n.e 6e3ne1.J:HiI HifjJumiJii we cTaTH, TOMY HlliJIH XTO Ha O.AHH, a XTO Ha .Apyrui% 6iK. Kom1 )I( BOHH po3CT}'nHJIHCH I

203), TO BiH Hai<a3aB cTpaTHTH THX, XTO eTas Ha 6iK MarHyca, CKa3aBlliH IM, ~0 BOHH € 3paJI.HHKaMH llOJJbCbKOrO KOpOJJ.R . A THX, XTO (c.

6ys nipHm'::i CBO€Mf naHf, 3a6pas ,AO MocKBH, 3BiJI.TH noTiM "'HMaJJO BHHlliJIO pi3HHMH cnoco6aMH. I TaK BCH IHJJHH.AiH cTana HaJJe)l(aTH MOCKOBCbKOMf KH.R3eBi, KpiM P11r11, PeseJJH Ta I<iJJbi<OX 3aMKiB, 6o nepe~ QHM, nicJISJ si~'i3;cy feHpiKa, 3aXOllHB y Hanmx nepHOB, a y lliBe)l.CbKOrO KOpOJJ.R- EiJJHH KaMiHb.

Hapsy, ,l(epnT, <l>eJJiH, Mapi€H6ypr Ta iHllli 3aMKH niH i paHime TPHMas.

0 po see Qe I<OpOJJb )l.iCTaB BHtlepnHy iHcpOpMaQiiO Bi)l. )I(My~CbKOrO CTapo-

230

KHHrA I CTM i CTaD pa)l.HTMCSI UJ,O.l(O DO.l(a.JibllU1X ,niH. 1 DCi flOrO,T\JifJIHCSI 3 THM, UJ,06 KOpOJib 3a BiciM TJif:>KHiB CKJIHKaB CeHM y Jh o6JiiHi )J.JISI 060pOHH lHcpmlH.l(iJ ni_.u MOCKOBCbKOrO KHSI3SI, a no):{iJIJISI- Bit:{ TaTap. TioCJiaHO 6yno i )(0 JlHTDH, ):{0 pHQapcTna, npocsrliH, w.o6 BOHM sci 3 mo6ooi .no niT'lJH3HH pymHJIM n noxi)J. Ha lH<l>JISIH.D.ilo, He 'lJeKaiO'lJH cei1My. BoHl1 oxoqe Qe B'lJMIIMJIH i BHcrynMJIH B noxi.n 3 nineHCbKMM aoEno,noiO MHKOJiaEM Pa.D.3HBiJIJIOM, cnoiM reTbMaHOM, ane Hi'lJoro He n,niHJIH, 6o HacTana 3HMa. O.nHaK BOHM 3a.JIMWHJIM TaM

']v(OCI(pfJCbl(j

KiJibKOX poTMiCTpiB, a THM 'lJaCOM MOCKOBCbKHM KHSI3b, B3SIBlliH 3aMKl1, 811MllJOB 31HcpnaH,nil i ni,nnpanHB cnolx nocnin .no TioJibu.d. Kon11 Ti npHixanH

noc11u ao 9ToJI I>Uji, a Hawiao Mocl(8u

):{0 flOJibUJ,i, TO B3SIJIH co6i 3a 6e3'lfeCTSI, UJ,O KOpOJib He BHHWOB )1.0 HMX Ha3ycTpiq i He 3HHB nepe.n HHMH wanKY. BoHH Te:>K, He 6a:>KaiO'lJM 3HiMaTH cnolx wanoK i 'lfMHHTH nocOJibCTBO, si.n'lxa.JIH Hi 3 'lfMM. 3a HHMH KOpOJib TYT )l(e llOCJiaB CBOIX llOCJiiB )(0 MOCKOBCbKOro KHSI3SI. PoKY Eo)Koro 1578 y MicSir.d JIIOTOM)'Y Bapwani po3noqascst ceH:M. Mi)K THM TaTapH B.D.epJI11CH s YKpaiHy (Ukrain((), .ne B'lJHHHJIH TpoxH WKO.l(H i si.l(6irJIH. To,ni Koponh BHic npono3HQiiO w.o.no Toro, npoTM Koro HacaMnepe.n Tpe6a po3nO'lJaTH niMH}': 'lJH TO npOTH MocKBH, 'lJH TO npOTH TaTap. A.JI.e 3 TaTapaMH BiHHa BamKa i HeKOpHCHa, )J.O TOrO JK BOHH )I(HBfTb He y CBOIH 3eMni, a TYPeQhKoro cynTaHa. l.Jepea Qe BHHHKJIO no6oiOsaHHSI, w.o6 He cnoH)'KaTH TYPeQbKoro cynTaHa .no nopyweHHSI nepeMHp' H. ToM)' BHpiwHJJH no'lfaTH nii1Hy npoTH MocKBH, 3a.D.JIH .HKoi TYT JKe yxnanHJil1 no6opH Ha

tJJifiHil

npomu 'Moci(IJu

.nna poKH: no 3JIOTOM}' 3 JiaH)'. A.JI.e ,nestKi BOEBO.l(CTsa, SIK-OT KpaKiBCbKe, CaH,noMHpCbKe, C€pa)l.3bKe, B3.HJIH Qe co6i 3a o6paay [?]. Ha Qe:H JKe ceti:M npHixanl1 Hawi nocJIM 3 MocKBH, SIKi TaM 6yJIH .n~e noraHo np11HHSITi: scynepeq 3Bl1'4aiO IM He .nananM cTaQii, uaniTb ue ,noJnoJISIJIM npo.nanaTH iM nponiaHT Ja rpowi, qepe3 w.o BOH11 TaM )J.OCHTb HaTepniJuicst Bi.l( rOJIO,lJ.y. MOCKOBCbKHH JKe KHSI3b He XOTiB Bi)J.npaBJISITH I.:(e noCOJibCTBO )J.OT11, .l(OK11 BOH11 He norO.l(SITbCSI Ha TpMpi'lfHe nepeM11p '.H, spemTi norpo)I(}'BaB iM. A w.e niH ni)J.Kl1HYB iM TaKy yMony, w.o6 KopoJih Hasit.IHO noCT}'Ill1BC.H Iu<PJISIH.ni€10, a P11ry 3 KypJISIH.l(i€10 ,no6poninhHO HOM}' si,n)J,an, lll.O llOCJIH if He .nyMaJil1 'lfHHl1Tl1. KopOJib, nuc;ryxanmM noCJiiB, noCJiaB 3HOBY rapa6yp,ll.y .no MOCKOBCbKOro KHSI3SI 3 DOBi,nOMJieHHSIM, UJ,O nepeM11p 'Sl MOJKHa (c. 204) Dp11HHSITH, aJie Tpe6a BHKpecJIMTM yMosy w;o.no IH<f>JI.HH,nii. MocKOBCbKl1ti: KH.H3b, aaTJ>MMaswu fapa6yp.ny, si.nnpanHB csoro noCJia 11.0 KopoJISI 11.JI.S1 BHKOHaHHSI npHc.s~ru ua yxsaneue TpHpique nepeM11p'.s~, a caM J~yMas pywMTH Ha

IH<f>JJJIHIJ.iiO, 3i6paswH Il.le 6inhme niti:cbKO. T11M qacoM uawi s Iu<PJISIHIJ.ii, 11.e 6yno KinbKa HenoraHHX poTMicTJ>iB, y TOMY 'lJHCJii Ma:ue:H ~eM6iHChKHH, CyxolJ.OJibCbKMH, MJio,nancbKHH, BipuiK, Tiyi.VITa Ta iumi, .SIK MOrJIH, Bi,n6HBaJIH 3aMKH y MOCKOBCbKOrO KIUI3SI. Mi)l( iHWHM BOHH B3SIJIH H ~yueM6ypr y TaKHH cnoci6: flOCJlaJIH MOCKOBHTaM 'IHMaJIO ropinKH, a Ti, BD11BWHCJI, nOCifYJJH. To11.i Hami BHO"::i s.nepJIHCs y 3aMoK no 11.pa6HHKax i BMpy6anu MOCKOBHTiB, .HKMX TaM aacTaJIH. A Kecb B3SIJIH B TaKHH cnoci6. Y Ma€THOCTi )J;eM6iHCbKOf0 6ys CJIIOCap, KOTpHH Mas cecTpy B Keci. l.JacTo TaM 6ynaJO~ns, niH O)l.Horo pa3y 11.icTaB KJnoq:i ii

231

1TocAu Hauti

J Moci(IJu fnpui~..a;zu]

KHHrA I BHTHCHYB ix si~6HTOK Ha BOCKY· 3ri~HO 3 ~HM 3pa3KOM BiH 3po6HB ~pyri KJIIO"'i 11 nosi~oMHB npo ~e csoro cTapocry, )J.eM6iHCbKOro. ,lleM6iHcbKHH, 3MOBHBWHCb i3 ){(HTeJUIMH Ked, ni,ll. qac O,ll.HOfO CB.HTa, .HKe MOCKOBHTH 6yqHO CBHTKYBaJIH, ni.n.crynHB yHo"'i 3 ~pa6HHKaMH ni~ MicTo, a ~e.H CJIIOcap

Bi~KpHB 6paMy

3 iHiliMMM JiaTHillaMM BllYCTMB ~0 MiCTa )KOBHipis. 0TaK

,ll;eM6iHCbKMH, BMpy6aslliH MOCKOBHTis, Y3HB 3aMoK. BipHiK TaKO)K B3HB y MOCKOBHTiB ciM 3aMKiB, y TOMY qHcJii Tpoil~eH i BypTHH~IO. MJio.n.ascbKMH )Ke, MaiO"'M TiJibKH siciM,ll.eCSIT KiHHHX, KiJibKaCOT MOCKOBMTiB po36MB ni~ CMeJibTMHOM. THM qacoM MarHyc ~osi.n.ascH, Il(O MOCKOBCbKHH KHSI3b xoTiB lioro 3aCJiaTH ~0 TaTap, a B HOfO 3aMKaX B lH¢JIHH~il llOCTaBHTH MOCKOBMTiB. To.n.i BiH 3a~yMaB nepeHTH Bi~ MOCKOBCbKOfO KHH3SI ~0 llOJibCbKOfO KOpOJISI.

MtWiyc npUCJZa6 iJo '(flpoM

Y 3B '.H3KY 3 ~MM siH qacTo HanpasJISIB noCJiis ~o KYPJISIH,ll.ChKoro KHSI3SI, mo6 TOM noKJJonoTascH nepe~ KopoJieM i KopoJib MHJIOCTMBO npMHHSIB lioro [Mar"Yca]. KopoJib, ~osi~aBWHCb npo ~e. ~opyqHs QIO cnpasy siJieHCbKO-

MY BOEBo~i MHKOJiaiO P~3HBiJIJiosi, Il(06 siH ~iHB 3ri~Ho 3 iHTepecaMH Peqi IIocnoJIHToi. Pa~3HBiJIJI B3HB lioro Ha cso10 sipy B KypnHH~ii i npHHH.SIB 9vfoci(JJ6um

npHc.Siry Bi,ll. HbOfO Ha neBHHX YMOBaX. ,l{osi.n.aBiliHCSI npo Qe, MOCKOBCbKHH

8Wnpa6JUU 6ii1cb'(fl KHH3b Bi~npaBHB ~0 lH¢JISIH~ii CBO€ BiHCbKO 3 nory)I(HHMH rapMaTaMM MH

oo I~MHiJii

3~06YTTH

Keci. KoJIM MOCKOBHTH 3,ll.o6ysanM Kecb, AH.n.piif Canira rep6a

«JlMC», HHHilliHiH llOJIOQbKHM BOEBO~a, 3 neBHHM noqTOM CBOfO BiMCbKa, To6To TiJihKH 3 sicbMOMa THCHlJaMH, pyiiiHB ~o Ked npoTH HenpHSITeJI.SI. A Qe 6yno

~HiJpii1

Caniza poJ6u6

niiJ 'l(g_cCIO

20 000 .MOC· I(JJ6umi6

21 ){(OBTHSI, Maif)Ke s

caMHH .n.eHb O.ll.HHa)J.Q.SITM THc.Hq ,n;iBMQh. BiH

TO,ll.i 3iHIIIOBCH B 6HTBi Ha,ll. piKOIO f asi€10

(Gawi(l) 3 ,ll.Ba,ll.QSITbMa TMCHlJaMH

MOCKOBHTiB. MOCKOBHTH nparHyJIH, Il(06 Haiiii He nepenpaBHJIHCSI qepe3 QIO pi"'KY, aJie Haiiii IX ni~irHaJIM CTpiJIHH11HOIO i MY){(HbO ~aJIM iM 6MTBy, SIKa TPMBaJia HeMaJIHH qac. BpewTi MOCKOBHTM CTaJIM TiKaTM 3i csoiMH BOEBO.n.aMH. BTeKJJH .n.sa BOEBO.ll.M- xopyH)I{MH IleTpo i AH.n.pii1 CoJITaH,

(c. 205), a ~sa BOEBO.l\H 6yJIH cniifMaHi- IleTpo TaKos i

BacHJih BopoHeQh,

KOTpi KOMaH,n;yBaJIM apTHJiepi€10 i BXOllHJIHCH 3a rapMaTH, TaK IX HaWi i B3SIJIM pa30M 3 rapMaTaMH, KOTpMx 6yno

23. Mi)K QMMH rapMaTaMM Hai1Kpa-

Il(OIO 6yJia rapMaTa «BonqoK», ane HenoraHi 6ynu i «.HcTpy6», .n.si «I laHHM» i ~Ba «COKOJIM». oyJIM

H rapMaTH iJ WBe~CbKMMM rep6aMM,

SIKi KOJIMCb MOC-

KOBHTH 3aXOllHJIH y WBe)J.iB. TaM 3HaHWJIH Hallli H KiJihKOX MOCKOBHTiB, SIKi nosicMJIHCSI 3 po3naqy np11 rapMaTax. Hawi B3SIJIH TaM '-IHMaJIO s'SI3HiB, i MaJIO XTO BTiK 3 ~Ba,l\QSITH TMC.SilJ. CJii~M QiEI 6MTBM BH,ll.HO 'Enoc

~Hi!pisl

Canizu

MaJIO He see Qe

none 6ini€ KiCTKaMH. TaK caMo i

i1 CbOfO)l;Hi, 60

s iHWHX MiCQSIX- ni.n; Ko-

llMJieM, Mo3HpeM, Mo)l{aHCbKOM i IloJIOQbKOM, ni~ Cycco10

CoKOJIOM, ni.n;

BeJIHKHMH i MaJIMMH JlyKaMH qacTo .n.oso,n;11s csmo 3HaMeHMTY cnasy Can ira, QeH 3HaqHJ1H i BeJIMKOfO ,n;yxy My)l(, ri~HMH 6e3CMepTHOI naM'SITi. Ilpo Qe IIIHpOKO CBi~qaTb iHWi xpoHiKH, a Sl 3apa,n;M CTMCJIOfO BIIKJI~y, ll(06 He ,n;yMaJIH, Il(O .H po6JIIO ~JISI MapHOCJiaBCTBa i 3 OfJI.SI.l\Y Ha 3a3,n;pomi iHWHX JIIO,ll.eii, nponycKaiO. l...J,hOfO )I{ poKy TIOJibCbKMH WJISIXTHlJ cniHMaB cyci~HbOfO lliJISIXTJiqa, i BOHH caMi 3Hai0Tb 3a ll(O. BiH He xoTiB i1oro KOJIHCb m ·m ycTuTn, ,n;OKII TOH

232

I{HMrA I 3 HH!\f He llOMHpHBeSI. l.Jepe3 u.e ueJJHI<a TPHDOra 6y;m 13 Pe'-li noenOJJHTii1. flpo iHUli pe'-li, RKi ,niSIJIIIeSIU TOil t.Iae eToeOBHO eei1MiB, JIO,li.aTKiB, JIOBeTaHb npoTH noraHMX [ op.n.I-mu.in] iT. .n.., ue muuy, 6o lx iHrni xp01-riru1 RI<Ha}i,noKlla.n.Hime onnepoTb; o.n.HaK xTo xoqe

1.d peqi JHaTH, Tpe6a see Opusculum

npOl.JIITaTH 1 3p03)'MlTI1. PoKy 1579 npnixas no.n.inhebKHi1 noEso.n.a MHKOJiai1 MeneQbKMH, o6paHnil reTbMaHOM KOpOJieM MOrO MOeTIO. KopOJib 3 HMM npo nee 3fi)1.HO 3 noTpe60io nopo3MOBJI.SIB, nepem1eas poTMieTpin i nwlxan ,uo CHTHM. A reTbMaH, nolxasnnt.uo.n.oMy, 3axO.D.MBeSI36HpaTH nii1ehi<O. Eyno TaKo:>K noenaHo i .n.o eel\nrropo.n.ebKoro nOEBOJJ;H 3a.n.m1 yropebKOI KiHHOTH i1 nixoTH; a Po3paJKenebKOM)' Ta BaEpy 6y11o HaKa3aHo 3611pan1 nixory n HiMet.J.l.JMHi. TaKO)I( i JIHTOBebKi naHOBe o6iU..HJII1 BMeTaBHTH KOpOJIIO eBOI3afOHH, KOMaH,lJ.)'BaTH SIKHMH Man reTbMaH KpHUITocp Pa,n;3HBiJJJI, sineHebKHM BOEBO.n;a. Koponb, npHixasrnH .n.o BiJJbHa, HaKaJaB Ja.AOBOJJbHHTH sci noTpe6H ~o,uo npHro- !!To{ia rynaHb .n;o BiHHH, JIHTH rapMaTH. A B KosHi niH 36y.n;ynas MieT Ha "'OBHax, KOTpHH B0311Jll1 Ha B03aX 3a BiHebKOM. floTiM BiH TIOCJiaB JlonaTHHebKOfO }J;O MOeKOBebKOfO KHSI3..H 3 BiJJ;TIOBi.n;JJ;IO. A THM qaeoM MOeKOBebKHH KH..H3b BHll)'eTMB fapa6yp,n;y, Hil.JOfO HOM)' He KaJK)'l.JH, TiJibKH noeJiaB eBOfO JIHeTa JJ;O KOpOJI..H 11 noena. MoeKosebKHH roHeU.b nienn fapa6yp.n;w npHHie, ~o6 KOpOJib

}(pUCmUJl.lt· pu·

Cbl(pZO

~apcm6a

npomu

EJopoza !!Tepwa ftUJCI(pfJCbi(Q

IJiiiHa

npHHH..HB yxsaJieHe 3 HHM nepeMHp '..H. lll,o eToeyETbeH )'MOB npo l HcpJI..HHJJ;iiO, TO MOeKOBebKHH KH..H3b XOTiB, ~06 ,li,JI..H Bi,lJ.TIOBiJJ;HHX neperonopin 6y1111 npH-

'J(oponifJ-

3Hal.JeHi oco6H 3 o6ox 6oKin. Ha Qe KopoJib KaTeropHl.IHO He xoTiB noro.n;wTHe..H. lloTiM np11lxan TaTapebKMH noeoJI, KoTpMI1, I I (c. 206) 3HaiOl.JM npo

HQ IJiuH!f

Te, ~0 KOpOJib XOl.Je DOl.JaTM BiMH)' npOTH MOeKOBebKOfO KH..H3..H, ocpipynaB HOM)' eBOIO CJI}')I(6y, T06To HTH Ha BiHH)' npOTH 6y.D.b-..HKOro Bopora, 3a BHH..HT-

CbJQI.U

no}(jJ

!JJTamapCbJQI.U

nocon

KOM rypeQbKoro cyJITaHa, i Mas s.n.epnten .n;o MoeKonil 3 iHrnoro 6oK)'. Ane niH QbOfO He BHKOHaB, 60 MaB BHeT)'TIHTH 3 HaKa3)' rypeQbKOfO eyJITa.Ha Ha BiHH)' npOTH flepeir. llp11 QbOM)' DOeOJI npoeMB i npo 3BMl.JaHHi ynOMHHKH, aHa HI130BQiB CKap:>KHBeH, npoe..Hl.JH, ~06 KOpOJib 3a6opOHHB IM l.JHHHTH IIIKOJJ;H.

Bi.n; iMeHi KopoJUI 6yno cKa3aHo, ~o HM30BQi E JIIO.D.bMH enasiJibHHMM i Kapa-

13Wn.c/Jiih,

TH IX Ba:>KKO, O.D.HaK OeKiJibKH He aaqina€ MOfO aBTOpHTeT, KOpOJib aa6opo-

'"1\P"'Y MCJIY

HMTb IM. lll,o eTOe)'€TbC..H ynoMHHOK, TO IX MaiOTb ,naTH. fi p11IXaB i K}'PJI..H~eb

mamap-

KHH KH..H3b, nparH)'l.JH eKJiaeTH np11enry Ha ni,lll(aHCTBO KOpOJIIO, a KOpOJib nepeHic Qe .n.o MicTel.JKa ,l(3ieHM

(Dsisny), ..HKe 36y.zzysaB KOpOJib ABryeT Mi)l{

pi'tiKaMH ,l(3icHoiO Ta ,l(BHHOIO, i Bl.JHHHB TaM Qe. BiH HaKa3aa TaKO)I{, ~o6 see sii:fcbKO CT..HrJiocg Ha no"'aTK)' JIMTIHH lJ.O Csipa. B)l{e npH6)'JII1 niiicbKa 3 Yropm:wHM BU ceMHropo.n.c&Koro BOEBO.D.I1 KpMrnTocpa EaTopiH, KopoJiise&Koro 6paTa, TaKO)I{ i MeJieQbKHM ni,zdMliiOB 3 TIOJI&ebKHM BiHCbKOM. floTiM KOpOJib, npM6ynWI1lJ.O Cnipa, .n.yMaB npo Te, K)',D.H 6 HacaMnepet~: pym11TR 3 BiHCbKOM. JIMTOBC&Ki naHOBe pat~:HJUi llOM}', ~06 BiH pynniB 11.0 fleKOBa, Ka)l()'l.Jii, ~o TaM CJia6Ki MYP" i ~e MicTo He TaK .n.o6pe yt<piDJieHe, ..HK iHwi. Ko-

pon& )l{e xoTiB iiTR HacaMnepell. tJ:O TioJIOQbKa i MaB p,o Qboro pnp, np11l.JI1H, MUK ..HKMMI1 nepmoro 6yna TaKa: He 3aJII1IDaTI1 y ce6e B TWI}' sopo)I{I1X aaMKiB, a OlJ.HO'l.JaCHO o6opoHHTH JI11TBY .11 IHcpJin~iiO, p,o Taro )I{ 3po6HTH niJI&HI1M nopT y P11ai Hap. J.(niHi. Tyt~:" niH noCJiaB nepep, co6oro BiJieHe&Koro BOEBO-

233

'l(ppollt.

6ucmynu6 J13illt.Ka ()o CIJipa '13iiict.l(9 CTTIJUH!JflOCJJ.

ao CIJipa

KHHrA I PIW)uDW

JJ.Y i EeK€Wa, JIKHH pauiwe 6ys BeJIHKHM soporoM KopoJIH, a noTiM caM .no

'k'l(§lll

Hboro npuixaswu, nepeuwos ua uoro 6iK i sipHo cJiy:>KHB. CaM )Ke 1mpoJih 3a HHMH pywus 3 BiHCbKOM.

Y ?t{(}(.1(96Cf11\l 6iuct~l(9

8/~JIAJii

QeH ttac MOCKOBCbKHH KHJI3b npu6ys 3 BiHCbKOM ,llO flcKOBa, a ttac-

THHY siH:cbKa nocJiaB JJ.O IHcpJIHHJJ.il, i BOHH niJJ. KoKeHxay3oM uanaJiu Ha BiHCbKO KYPJIJIH,llCbKOro KHJI3JI H po36HJIH uoro. THM ttaCOM KOpOJiiBCbKe

:Jtaud BiHChKO 3 Bi.JieHChKHM BOEBO,llOIO npu6yJio ni.z:t; lloJIOQbK ttepe3 JiicH, KOTpi nW !JT.oM!Jb· BHpOCJIH 3a wicTHa,ll~JITh poKiB, JIKi npOMHH)'JIH Bi.z:t; B3HTTH llOJIOQbKa MOC1(9.M

KOBChKHM KHH3eM. fl pOTH HHX MOCKOBHTH BHHlliJIH y 60HOBOMf Jla,llf 3 MicTa

i aaMey, aJie 6HTBH BOHH He xoTinH ,llaTH. To,lli ,lleJIKi 3 HalllHX nepenpasHJIHCJI .u;o CHJihHa i, 3HeHaQbKa s.u;eplllHCJI JJ.O Hhoro, cnaJIHJIH. Ko3aKH )I( ,llBa 3aMKH, KpacHe H: KocQJIH)' (K.rasne i

Koscian'l), B3JIJIH, BJJ.eplllHCJI TYJJ.H suotti

no JJ.pa6HHKax. TaKO)K i KopOJih np116ys niJJ. lloJioQhK i no6a"iHB, HK KiJibKa TpyniB nJIHBJIO Ha ,llOWQi no ,ZJ.siHi, QHX JIIO,lleU MOCKOBHTH 3aM}'"tlHJIH i nycTHJIH no BOJJ.i Ha 6iJihmHu nocTpax HamHM. KopoJih, B3JIBWH a co601o TiJihKH HHa 3aMOHChKOro Ta EeKewa, o6'ixas 3aMOK i 3p03fMiB H:oro po3Talll}'BaHHJI, nicJIJI qoro o6JIO)KHB 3aMOK TaKHM 'IHHOM. no npaBOMY 6oQi ,li,BiHH

(c. 207)

CTaJIH yrop~i H: JIHTBa, HaMeTH JIKHX lllHpoKo npocTJirJIHCJI

3.)1(

.u;o

pychKoro MOHaCTHpH. lloTiM CTaJIO noJihChKe BiHChKO 3 KOpoJieM. BpewTi no Jiisiu cTopoHi ,ZJ.siHH CTaJIH HiMQi Po3p3.)KeBChKoro i Baepa. lloJIOQhK )Ke 6ys HauroJIOBHilllHM MicToM i 3aMKOM, y KOTPOM}', s cso10 qepry, 6yJio TPH 3aMKH. KoJIH Hami CTaJIH ni.u;6npaTHCJI JJ.O co6opy CB. Cocpil, pHIO'IH lllaHQi, TO MOCKOBHTH, CllaJIHBWH MiCTO, nory)KHO 6opOHHJIHCJI

i3 3aMKy. Hami,

6aqaqn, m:o HJJ.paMH Hi'loro He MO)I(Ha aano,lliJITH JJ.epes'HHHM napKaHaM, CTaJIH CTpiJI.SITH p03De'leHHMH H.z:t;paMH, KllaJJ.Y'IH nepe,ll QHM ,llO rapMaT ,llepeH i3 3eMJii. TaKHH cnoci6 cTpiJih6H npH.zzyMaB KopoJih CTecpau B YropiUHHi i ni,n JIHTepHoiO 6iJIJI fJJ.aHChKa cnpo6ysas QIO XHTpicrh. 0JJ.HaK qepe3 nocriuHi JJ.Om:i soua TOJJ.i HalliHM He B,z:t;aJiacH. 0JJ.HaK ,lleHKi, Ha6paBIIIH 3 co6o10 npocMoJieHoro JJ.epesa, 6irJIH ni,ll napKaH i ni,llnaJIIOBaJIH iioro. Ane i3 3aMKY TaK nory)KHO 6opoHHJIHCh, m:o i1 nepe,llaTH B3.)KKO. I xoqa Hawi CM3.)KHJIH no HHX 3 ycix waHQiB, O,llHaK 3HaXO,llMJUfCb TaKi, KOTpi Ha MOTY3Kax cnycKaJIHC.SI 3 6acTiOHiB i O,llHH JJ.pyrOM}' nepe,llaBaJIH BOJJ.Y ,llJIJI raciHHH BOfHIO. iM .lcy)Ke ,llOllOMaraJIH B QbOMY llOCTiHHi ,llOW:i, qepe3 IUO .z:t;eHKi 3 HaWHX JJ.YMaJIH, IUO T)'T 3aMimaHi HKicb qapH, 6o TaM 6yJio 6araTo qapiBHHQh. ToJJ.i 3afHH)'JIO 3 o6ox 6oKiB 'IHMaJIO BiHCbKa, sopor )Ke HiHK He XOTiB ,llaTH HaWHM 6HTBY B llOJii, XO'I n ' JITb THCH'I BiMCbKa MOCKOBCbKOfO np116yJio 3-lli,ll ilCKOBa Ha ,llODOMOry llOJIO'IaHaM, i BOHH nepexonJIIOBaJIH Ha lllJIJIXaX HaiiiHX 3 nposiaHTOM. B3.)KK0 ,llOBO,llHJIOCb TO,lli HaWHM, OC06JIHDO DOJibCbKiM Ta yropCbKiM niXOTi, 6o iM ,llOBeJIOCb icTH M'Hco ,llOXJIHX KOHeu, aJie iM Qe ue 3aWKOJJ.HJIO, BOHH 6yJIH cHJihHi i1: 3/l.Oposi. Hauripwe 6yJio 6iJJ.oJiaxaM HiMQJIM, KOTpi noMHpaJIH 3 rOJIO.z:t;y, a ,llO TOrO )I( HanaJia Ha HHX ,llH3eHTepiH. flOJibCbKe BiMChKO BHTpHMaJIO TO,lli HaH6Wbllle BHnpo6ysaHHH, BOHO M}'CHJIO 06HpaTH 3 ,llBOX O,llHe: a6o, OTO'IHBWM 3aMOK, DO~HO MOfO wrypMyBaTH, a6o fHHyrH, 60 !Tlo!lotjbl(. JanMmo

TaKHX HeCTaTKiB He MO)I(Ha 6yJIO 6iJibllle TepniTH, i Ha Qe [lllT}'pM] 6araTO 3 HHX llOfO,ll~BaJIOCJI. A.Jie KOpOJib He CXBaJIIOBaB QbOfO HaMipy, K~H, IUO

234

KHHrA I ne D)Ke 6ys 6H OCTaHHiH UiaHC, O,D,HaK pa,nJ.m u~e paHiUJe TIOCHJIHTH KOHTp01Ib Ha,ll. yciMa UIJISJXaMH. BpemTi BiH Hai<a3aB OfOJIOCHTH, ~0 XTO Hasa:>KUTbCSI niTH 3 BOrHeM ni,n, sopo:>KHH napKaH i B'lHHHTb SJKYCb 3Ha'lHY TIOCJIY-

ry,

TO TaKni:f oTpHMa€ .n.o6py BHHaropo,n,y. TyT :>Ke 'lHMaJIO, 3iHlliOBUIH 3

KOHeH, pa3oM 3 6araTbMa nixoTHHnHMI1 oxoqe KHHYJJOC.R ni.n. napKaH, IM KOpOJJb ni;J.TpHM)'BaB .zcyx, 3aKJIHKaiO'lH He TIODepTaTHC.R paHime, Hi:>K 3aMOK ,n,o6pe He 3aHMeTbCH, Ka:>Ky'lH, ~0 Ha6araTO Kpa~e CJJaBHO 3afHHYTH B M}':>KHii16HTBi npoTH sopora, Hi)K i3 copoMoM nosepTaTHC.R Ha3a,n,, Hiqoro He B'lHHHBlliH. 0TO)K BCe, ll.\0 :>KHBO, TIOM'laJIO 3 BeJIHKOIO OXOTOIO ,lJ,O 3aMKY• Ha6pasmH npocMoJieHoro ,u.epesa. Mi:>K HHMH 6ys O,lJ,HH KOTJI.Rp, KOTporo noTiM

(c.

208) 6y11o npo3BaHo IloJIOTHHCbKHM i ,n,aHo HOMY rep6: pyKa

3 cpaKeJIOM, a PYKY npo6HBa€ cTpiJia. BiH, npHM'laBUIH 3 po3naneHHM syriJI-

!JToJiomuHCt>I(UU-

~to8ui1 UJ/Ull(;

JJ.RM i npOCMOJJeHHM ,n,epeBOM, 3aOaJII1B O,D,HY Be:>Ky 3 pory i ni,n,H.RB TaKHM

mu't J puJYJp·

BOfOHb, ~0 HOfO )KO,D,HHM CTIOC060M He B,lJ,aJIOC.R 3araCI1TH, a HaUii 3 IIIaH[(iB

.MucmtJ;m8a

.n:o.n.asaJIH BorHIO cTpiJIHHHHM. MocKOBHTH, no6a'lHBIIIH TH)KKY He6e3neKy, 3a,D,}'MaJIH 3 60€M np0611BaTHC.H qepe3 BOfOHb ,lJ,O JiiciB a6o ni.n:,n,aTMC.H, i B:>Ke .n:ec.HTb ix cnycTHJIOCH 3 3aMKY Ha neperosopH 3 HaMH, a11e scix ix nopy6aJIH Harui rai:f,n,yKH, .HKi He XOTiJIH 3fO,lJ,H ~O,lJ,O 3,lJ,0611qi B 3aMKy, .HKa 6 ,lJ,iCTaJiaCSI iM B pa3i IDTYPMY· BoHH Herai:fHo o.n.HY 6awry, .RKa ,n;y:>Ke .n:onoMarana MOCKOBHTa.M, 3anaJIHJIH, nicJIH qoro HaCTYfiHJIH Ha ropJio sopory. ITo6aqHBIIIH [(e, MOCKOBHTH Bi,n;npaBHJII1 TIOCJiiB ,lJ,O KOpOJI.H, npar"YqH ni.n:,n,aTHCH,

235

Cbl(p20

KHIIrA I a611 TinhKH IX 3.ll.OpoaHMH ai,u.nycTHJIH. KopOJib, 3aTpwMas siikbKa i nocJiaB no aoeso,u.. KoJIH BOHH 6ym-t npr-tae.n.eHi, To anaJIH nepe.n. KopoJieM, a noTiM o.n.He Ha .n.pyroro CTaJIH cKapJKHTMC.R nepe.n. KopoJieM. KopoJib, He .n.oaro HHMH 3ai1Mal0t.IHCH, si.n..n.aa IX Boi1Hi, ni.n.cKap6iio BeJIHKoro KHH3iacTaa JlwJ{awi

6iiJ6ufJa10m1> JaMOI(

TOBCbKoro, a caM nocJiaB .l(JIH ai.n.6upaHH.R 3aMKY HiW:Ml.\bKoro, lleKocJiaBCbKOro, HeMCbKoro, KpacH~hKoro

i KiJibKOX yropQiB. lloTiM Koponb HaKaJaB MOCKOBHTaM //(c. 209) BHXO.l(HTH i3 3aMKy, .n.aaum IM npwcTaaia, m:o6 lx He nowapnaJIH. 1...\i, B3.RBWM 3 co6o10 csoi .n.oMawHi CB.RTHHi, BHXO-

. .

,lJ.MJIH 1 ,l(IJIMJIMC.H Ha ,l(Bl l.JaCTMHM: O)l.Hl, .SIKI XOTlJIH ni,l(,l(aTMC.SI KOpOJieBI, Ha O,l(MH 6iK, a .z:r.pyri, .SIKi 3aJIMWMJIMCSI sipHHMM MOCKOBCbKOMY KHSI3eBi, Ha ,u.pyrui1 6iK, xoqa 3HaJIM, w:o M.l(fTb ry.n.M Ha .RBHY cMepTb. O.n.HaK aeJIMKMM KH.SI3b JiaCKaBO 3 HMMM o6iMWOBCSI- l.JM TOMY, W:O 3HaB, W:O BOHM CTO.RJIM ,l(O OCTaHHbOfO, l.JM TO qepe3 IXHiH BeJIMKMM CTpax 3a6ya npo CBOIO JKOpCTOKiCTb. BiH po3icnas lx no pi.n.HMX .n.oaKOJIMWHix 3aMKax, .RK-OT BeJIMKi

JIYK"· 3aaoJiot.Ie, HeseJib, YcB.SIT, w:o6 BOHH TaM si.n.HoBMJIM cao10 MYiKHicTb. Ha .n.pyr11i1 .n.eHb KopoJib yJKe ,U..RKysas 3a cao10 w:acJIMBY 3BMTSiry focno.n.y 3iJo6u-z

Eory. To,u.i Hawi B3SIJIM 31 cepnH.SI

1579 poKy llOJIOQbK, .n.e 3axonMJIM38 rap-

y noJIOiji>I\PMY MaT, 300 raKiBHM~h, .n.osr11x PYlliHMl.\h JaMI(y

.n.o 600, t.IMMaJio nopoxy, .R.n.ep i npo-

siaHry. EyJio TaM l.JMMaJIO i1 iHworo Mai1Ha, aJie ace ~e niwJio Ha 3,u.o6Mt.I yropQSIM, a noJI.SIKaM MaJIO w:o .n.icTaJIOCSI. O,u.HaK IM [noJISIKaM] ni3Hirne 6yJio .n.aHo BMHaropo.n.y 3a ~10 3Hat.IHY nocJiyry 3i cKap6y. lloTiM Kopollh nocJiaB ni.n. 3aMOK CoKOJI, .n.e 6yJio t.IMMaJIO ,u.o6ipHoro MOCKOBCbKOfO BiMCbKa, reTbMaHa BCJIMKOfO KOpOHHOfO, BO€BO)l.Y Tio.z:r.iJib-

!MeAeljbiQlu

nw Co'(PJIOM

CbKOI 3eMJii MMKOJia.R MeJiel\bKOro TiJihKM 3 noJI.SIKaMM i 3 HiMeQbKOIO nixoTOIO. BiH, He 3BOJiiKa10t.IM, pa30M 3 6paQJiaBCbKMM BOEBO)l.OIO, KHH3eM 36apa3bKMM, B3SIB QCM 3aMOK i po36MB BCe llOCTaBJieHe y HbOMY BiHCbKO Ta 3HMmMs iioro reTbMaHis.

A TO 6yno TaK. Hawi, ni.n.crynMBlliM ni.n. CoKOJI,

llOllbCbKOIO niXOTOIO 3 O)l.HOfO 6oKy, a HiMCl.\bKOIO- 3 iHlliOfO BMKOllaJIM Jli(!MeAeljb·

I(Uu IJJRIJ Co'(Pll

waHQi j 3 HMX o6cTpimtJIM 3aMOK TpbOMa p03iKapeHMMM .SI,l.lpaMM. ,l(Ba SI.l(pa MOCKOBMTM O,l.lpa3y 3araCMJIM, a TpCT€, SIKe .z:r.yiKe Hl13bKO BJIYt.IMJIO B napKaH, He no6at.IMJIM. BoHo JKJierKo 3anaJIMJIO sech 3aMOK, 6o niH 6yn J6y.n.osaHMi1 3 npocMoJieHoro .n.epena. U11M MOCKOBMTH 6yJIM Ha.JuiKaHi, 3anaHiKyaaJIM i1 CTaJIM TiKaTM: O)l.MH BOEno.n.a lllepeMeT n o.n.HY 6paMy, a .n.pyrm1- Eopn:c Cep-

(Semy) B .n.pyry. llJepeMeT HaTpanMB Ha 6paQJiaBCbKOfO BO€BO,LJ;y, KOTp11i1 B3SIB i1oro B noJIOH 3 yciMa THMH, xTo 6yn npw HbOMy. A Eopwca n6w-

HMM 'Epa ty1 a (J • Cbi(UU

IJoc6oiJa cniii.Ma8

'llfepe.Mema

JIM HiMQi i n.n.epJIHC.SI .uo MicTa qepe3 QIO 6paMy. MocKOBHTM, no6at.JMB1IIH ue, rpaTaMM 3a1<p11m1 6paMy i CTaJIH HawMx rpoMMTI1. IHmi Hami, npuihllOBWH 3 .n.pyroro 6oKy, BMJiaMaJU1 rpaTH, B11py6a;m MOCKOBHTiB, a CBOIX spnryBaJIM. CKpi3h JieiKaJIO t.IMMaJIO Tpynis, KOTpi rpa6yna.n11 naxoJIKH, ni.z:t.py6y101.111 y MOCKOBMTiB llaJibQi 3 nepCHHMI1. HiMKeHi JK po3TI1HaJII1 TOBCTiWMM TpynaM JKMBOTM i1 BMpi3aJIM caJio. Me;reUhKI·B1 nicJISI 1~iEI 6HTBM w:acJirmo nonepHya•

•

C.SI )1.0 KOpOJI.R 1 BIMaB MOMy l.JMMaJIO B 513HIB, BIH TaKO:>K DI.z:t.peKOMeH)l.yBaB KOpOJIIO TMX, KOTpi MYiKHbO )l.iHJII1 B Qii1 611TBi. lloTiM KopoJib lxas .n.o BiJihHa, a 3BiJJ.TH- Ha cei1M .n.o Baplllmm, po3nopH.n.MnmMCh cnpanaMH s DoJIOQhKy. 3aMoK,

236

y .SIKOMY niH nocTanun qacTrmy

KHMrA I niilcbKa f1 K03aKis, nepe.n,an .[LoporocTaiicbKOM)'. T aM me niH ,LJ.an €3}'ITaM ·~ep Kny en. Cocpil, I I (c. 210) a 3a KiJihKa poKin nepe.n. QHM niH ,uan E3yiTaM y

cJyirnu {} 'lfOIIO!lb/(!f

BinhHi KOJieriyM; npH3Ha'IHB i yxnan11n TpH6yuanhChKi cy.n.11 y cnoli1 .uepmani.

fJyimu uaca)tfnepea

MocKOBCbKHJI KHJI3h, RK TiJibKH,uoni,uasc$1 npo nTpary f1on oQhKa i npo nopa3K}' cnoro niH"cbJ<a y CoKona, o.upa3y m n11pymun i3 f1cKona .uo MocK-

97Tpu6yna/l

BM, aHa WJIS~xy Ham-~Cas TaKMH JIMCT .no Cycc11: «Bme Hawi 3aMKii f1onoQbK i CoKoJI .n,icTaJIMCJI.n,o nopomux pyK, To.n,i i1 n11, po3611DWM rapMaTM i1 cnaJIMBIIJI1 no pox, TiKaihe nK l'YtOmeTe; o6pa3in me cnolx noporaM He 3aJIMIJlai1:Te, Kpall\e 3aKonai1Te B 3eMJIIO». IJ,ei1: JIMCT noTpanMB /lO pyK MeneUbKoro, KOTpMi1 , He l.JeKaiOl.JM, KOJIH BOHM 3HM~aTb rapMaTH, npu6yn ni.u 3aMoK Cyccy i, He3namaiO'llH ua TPY.AHOU\i, u:inKOM onono,uin HMM. KHH3b KocT$1IITI1II 0cTp03hKHH, 3i6panmH nem~me nii1CbKO, pa3oM 3i cno"iMH .UBOMa CHHaMM i 3 MuxawnoM BmiiHeneQbKMM ni.n.crynun ni.n, l.Jepuei:wn, IllT}'PM)'IO'IM RKHH, Bl.JHHHB neJIHIinou KMHTa cnan11n 6JII13hKO .n,nox TMCJl'I cin .nonKOJia CMoJieHChKa. Ko3aKH )I( B3M11 TyponJih i HiQep.n.y, .nna norymu11x MOCKOBChKMX 3aMKH. MMKOJiai1: 3e6)1(H,lJ.OBCbKHH, CHH Kopouuoro reTbMaHa <l>n opinHa 3e6mH.n,onchKoro, HHHilllHiH KpaKiBCbKHM BOEBO.n,a, cnycTOWI1B MOCI<OBiiO 6iJI$1 Y CBHT i1 3anoJIO'Ie. B Qeii qac y KpaKoni Enpei1Ka MapKona, .n.py)I(HHa <l>ne:H.n.JIH, .n,O'IKa fiH,l.J,JI$1, HapO,li,HJia O,lJ.HOfO pa3}' ,l.J,HTHHK}' 3aB6iJiblllKI1 B naJieQb t.IOJIOBiKa, fOJie ~peH$1 3 ,lJ.OBfHM XBOCTOM i n '$1Tb nTallleHJIT, BCiX OKpeMO. l.Jepe3 ,lJ.Ba TJUKHI BOHa flOMepna.

y 'Billt>ui 8 '}(ppoHi i 8 J71um0i

!Me11 egt.I(JJ i1

6JRfJ Cyccy 'l(H..nJb

OcmpOJbi(UU nw <tfepllf!U08u.M

:Hawi OJ!IftU 97Typo8Jit> i :Hi!jtpUy

3e6xuiJolicbi(JJ i1 IIJUOHi}p!JE

!JI.fOCI(fJIJUo 1fe'ly8am

JuDo

POK}' 1580 KOpOJib BHP}'Illi1B 3 BaplllaBH .n.o rpo.n,Ha, a nOTiM .no BiJibHa, 'J(ppoll& i1iJe nparH}'t.IH 3aKiHt.II1TH Mai16yrHiM JiiTOM BiHH}' npOTH MOCKOBCbKOfO KH$13$1. JH08y no;r_oiJo.M BiH .n.an reTbMaHCTBO 3aMo:i1cbKOM}' i ni.n.npaBHB iioro 3a nixoTOIO ,no Yrop- H.a !Mocl(fJIJiiO ~MHH, 6o MeneQbKHM .n.o6poniJihHO cKJiaB 3 ce6e reTbMaHCTBo. BiH uaKa3aB TaKO)I( Ha6HpaTM n116pauu:in 3 KoponincbKHX 3eMeJib, y BinhHi 6ynM Bi)VIMTi HOBi rapMaTH . Y QeM 'IaC np116yn Bi,lJ. MOCKOBCbKOfO KH$13$1 fOHeQb 9r(ocl(96ct.I(JJi1 3 JIHCTaMH, flMCaHHMM Hi6HTO Bi,ZJ; MOCKOBCbKHX BO€BO,lJ. ,lJ.O JIHTOBCbKHX ZOHL.~t> nauin, T06To .no nineHCbKoro BO€BO,lJ.H Pa)(3MBiJina i ,no OcTa¢i11 BonoBH"tJa, $1KHM To.n.i 6yn TPOUbKHM KamTeJIHHOM. Y JIHCTi 6yno npoxaHH$1, ~o6 BOHH BeJII1 KOpOJIH H. M. )(0 3fO)(M i He )(03BOJIIDII1 npOJIHBaTH Xp11CTl1$1HCbK}' KpOB. Ui )1(, B3JIBWM nicTb ni.n. KoponH, ni.n.nMCaJIH, ~o uaw naH Koponb He npoTH TOfO, ~06 MOCKOBCbKMM rocno,n;ap lli}'KaB 3aco6iB )(0 }'C}'HeHHH npH"tJMH, KOTpi BMKJIMKaJIM ruin Kopou11 BenMKoro KHH3iBCTBa llHTOBCbKOro. 3 U:HM 6yn neplllMH roHeQb, .n.pyr11:H i TpeTiii, i ncix 3 rd€ro * si.n.noniMro ni.n.npaBMJIM Ha3a.l(. BpewTi [roueu:b] .n.o.n.as, ~o6 Koponb BHBiB niiichKO 3 MocKOBii, npoc.srt.~H: «A rocno.n.ap uaw )VIH MHPY csolx nocnin .n.o BiJibHa I I (c. 211) np11wne». Bi.n. iMeHi KoponH 6yno cJ<a3aHo, ~o nocnaM cJ<pi3h 6y.n.e ,naHa ay.n.i £uui.sr i lx 6y.n.yrb cnyxaTH B Ta6opi. 3 UHM roueuh i si)('ixan. Y uei1 ttac 6yna BHKPHTa 3pa.n.a Ocbl.\iKa, KOTpHii 3a ni.n;cyrHocTi KOponH nottaB )l.OMOBJIHTHCH 3 MOCKOBCbKHM KHH3eM. KoJIH Qe .l(iHlliJIO ,l.J,O KOpOJIH, To niu .n;onipHB }(any cnpany ttOTHpbOM uai1roJIOBHiWI1M nauaM, .stKi ii cxonKJIM 0CbQiKa Ta BiMaJIH HOfO MapwanKOBi. f1p11 HbOM}' 3HaHiliJII1 B CKpMHi

237

KHHrA I JIHCTH 3 pi3HHMH Di)(OHCaMH Ta De'tlaTKaMH JIHTOBCbKHX DaHiB, KOTpi BiH, 3a;:(YMYIO't!H 3pa.l(y, .l(aB B11pi3aTH. Y :Horo MicTet~Ky KosapcbKY, mo 3a

14 MHJib si,z( BinbHa, 3HaiimJIH MOJIOTH i1 iHmi 3HapH.ZUV1 AliH po6neHHJI MoHeTH. Koponb noCJiaB AO Hhoro KinhKOX ceHaTopis, 3anwryiOt~H, t~H Mas BiH HKeCb nop03}'MiHHH 3 MOCKOBCbK11M KHH3eM. Cno'tlaTey TOH BD11paBCH, a moAO net~aTKH naHiB CeHaTopiB JII1TOBCbKHX CKa3aB, I.QO MaB co6i HaDHCaTH po3DHCKf 3a neBHHH 6opr. lUo CTOCY€TbCJI MOHeTH, TO Hi6HTO He BiH, a €8pefl, HKHH supi3h6HB net~aTey, MaB i16HTH. Konu .l(iHWJIO .l(O cy.l(y, TO cKa3aB si,z( iioro iMeHi npoKypaTop (prokurator), mo siH [Ocb~iK] e sinbHHH i OCi):VIHH WJIJIXTH'tl i He DOBHHeH Bi.l(DOBi)J.aTH 6e3 cy)J.OBOrO ll030By. ):(osrO po36upanu ~e naHose, i AeHKi 6ynu 3a Te, mo6 iioro ainhHO nycTI1TH, 6o HAeTbCH npo WJIJIXeTCbKf BOJibHOCTb. lHmi rOBOpHJIH, mo ~e CTaJIOCJI y BO-

(kl,~

cmpauHo

'l(opoll" i1ik Ha 9.foc1(9· 8i10, He J6aJICQIO'lu

Ha~~

ZiH!ji6

Jlnwi 6p.llu 'BtJiiJIC

i tyc6.Rm

9.fo.R JlamUHCr.l(a "J'OHil(a iJaHa 1(9p0ll10

c~tja~ty

~aw.i

o6JlOJICUJIU 'Be.~~ul(j

~!JI(U

€HHHH qac, TOMY iioro Tpe6a cy.AHTH 3a siiicbKOBMM npasoM, xoqa aiH i WJIHXTJ1q, Eaqaqu, mo 3Jie, siH no,Aas csiii JIHCT, y KOTpoMy BH3Hasas, mo MaB DOp03}'MiHHJI 3 MOCKOBCbKHM KHH3eM He )J.JIH qoro iHWOrO, a TinbKH 3,l(06fTH y Hboro rpowe:H, 6o 6ys y 6oprax. 0.l(HaK Och~iK npocua MHJiocep.l(H, aJie, Bi)(KI1HYBWH )KaJiicTb Ta (iHilli] pa~ii, HOrO CTpaTHJIH pa30M 3 eape€M. TfT )Ke niCJI.si ~horo Koponb pywua .AO BiTe6chKa npu MOCKOBCbKOMf Kop.l(OHi, xoqa H MaB qacTMX riH~iB Bi.l( MOCKOBCbKOrO KH.JI3.JI 3 npoxaHH.JIM, 1.1(06 He Ksanusc.si. feThMaH 3aMoHCbKI1H np11uwos Ba)KKHMH WJUixaMH ni)( BeJii)K i YcsHT i 3axon11s ~i MOCKOBChKi 3aMKH, .l(e Hawi 3HaHWJIH .u.y)Ke 6araTo nposiaHry, 6poH3H, nopoxy. 3si,ATH pymunH ni.l( BeJIHKi JlyKu, ,l(e o6' E.U.HaJIHCJI 3 KoponeM Ta iHWHM KOpOHHHM i JIHTOBCbKHM pu~apCTBOM. Y U:bOMY BiHCbKf 6ya i H BJiaCHOIO nepCOHOIO npH 6ou:i KOpOJl.H i CBOIO JiaTHHCbKY xpoHiKf, npHCBJI'leHf KOpoJIIO iioro MOcTi, si,A.u.as HOMY Ha caMOMf MOCKOBCbKOMf Kop.u.oHi. B asaHrap.Ai HWJia JIHTBa 3i CBOIM reTbMaHOM, 3a HHMH DOJibCbKi poTH, DOTiM yropCbKi KiHHOTa i1 nixoTa, spewTi KopoJih 3 yciM csoiM ,AsopoM; 3a HHM- 6pa.QJiaBcbKHH soeso.u.a, spewTi MHKOJiaH CeH.siBCbKHH, noJibHHH reTbMaH KopoHHHH, KOTpH:H qepe3 Te, mo 6ys MHP 3 TaTapaMH, si.u.sis 3 noJI.si )KOBHipis i npHixas CIO)J.H. 3a HaWHMH BiHCbKaMH T.HrJIH TaKO)K MOCKOBCbKi rapMaTH 3 BeJii)Ka :H Y cs.siTa. B)Ke Mas CfTH'lKH 3 MOCKOBCbKOIO cTopo)KeiO BonhriMiHCbKHH, .HKOrO Hanepe.u. DOCJiaB siJieHCbKI1M BO€BO,l(a. To,Ai Ha )J.ODOMOry MOCKOBCbKQMY KH.H3IO np116yno TpoxH HOraHCbKI1X TaTap, a.ne Hawi 1x ri.u.Ho 3ycTpiJI11. Eaqaq11, mo He )KapT, BOHM mo.u.yxy nOM'laJIM.l(O op.l(H. I I (c. 212)* JlyqaHM, no6a'lHBllil1 KOpOJiiBCbKe MiCTO, TfT )Ke 3anaJIHJII1 MicTO, a Hai.Ui 27 cepnH.H o6JIO)KHJIH 3aMoK. CTapwHM Ha,ll, yrop~HMH 6ys EopHeMica (Burnomissa), a Ha,ll, noJI.HKaMH- Ypose~bKHH. Eyno TaM TaKO)K KinbKa Ha'la.nbHHKis, KOTpi 3aB)K,AM 6ynan11 Ha IXHbOMY Mic~i D nixoTHHX waHU:.HX. feTbMaH, orJISIHfBWH waHu:i, HaKa3as cTpiJistTH no 3aMey, ane no6a'lMB, mo 11oro cTiHH BKPMTi 3eMJiero, i TOMY qepe3 Hex cTpinh6a HicKiJihKH He WKO.U.I1Jia napKaHosi. To.l(i CTaJIH CTpiJISITH DOrHHCTHMH .H.U.paMH, KOTpi, npo6HDW11 3eMJIIO, 3aOaJIHJIH napKaH. Yrop~i. He3Da)KaiO'll1 HaTe, mo Hi.u.e He 6yno .n.ipKH B napKaHi, KHHYJIHC.H Ha wrypM, ane MOCKOBHTH lx ni.u.6HJIH. THM "laCOM Hallli .l(o6pe 3a-

* .D:11n. aHa.noriqHHH MaJIIOHOK y Kif. I (c. 140 opHriHa.ny).

238

KHHrA I naJIHJU1 3aMOK, i niH CMJlbHO 3aropinc11. MocKOBI1TH _uo6pe 6opoHHJlHCH si,n. BOrHlO, aJie H Hami HenoraHO 6HJlH, OC06Jli1BO 3 OOJibCbKHX maHI.dB, KOTpi 3 .n.pyroro 6oKy npMMlllJIH yropU.HM Ha ,n.onoMory. l.Jepe3 u.e MOCKOBHTM MYCI1JIH 3HHTH rapMaTI1 3i CTiH. Po3noqanac.SI CMJibHa B3a€MHa nepecTpiJIKa. He 3B3.)KaJOqM Ha Hei i Ha nopaHeHH.H, o,n.HH Ma3yp Ha iM'.H MEnox i3 cena M.SICTKona CMiJIHBO nilllOB 3 sorHeM Ta nyq11HaMM i, xoq 6yn nopaHeHHM, 3anan11B 3aMI<OBY 6alllry. BHacni,n.oK I.J.horo 3aMoK 3aropinc.H 3 iHllloro 6oKy TaK, mo :Horo B)f(e He 3MorJIH sp.HTysaTM. Koponb TaM )f(e Bl.IMHMB I.J.boro Ma3ypa mnHXTM't{eM, a reThMaH npHMH.HB ':Horo ,n.o csoro rep6a. MocKOBMTM, 6aqaq11, mo 3aMoK nana€, niMaJIMC.H. Koponh HaKa3aB p11u.apcTny BMHTM 3 3aMKy, ll(06 Bi.ll.,l(aTMCSI Ha KOpOJiiBCbKf MMJiicTb, a npOCTOJIIO~ Mas 3aJIMlllMTMC.SI, IJ.J;06 3araCMTM llO)f(e)f(y B 3aMKy. KOJIM MOCKOBMTM 3aXOTiJlM TaK Bl.IMHMTM i CTaJIM BMXO,D.MTM i3 3aMKf, yropu.i, nopyruMBlliM KOpOJiiBCbKY BOJIIO, nepexonMJIM lx i scix nopy6an11. OoTiM BOHM KMHYJIMCb Ha 3aMoK i TaK caMo Bl.IMHMJIM iII (c. 213) npocTOJIIO~y. mo ni.n. ~Ba,n,U..SITM .n.sox TMC.Hl.l ne~se noHa,n, .n,eC.HTOK BTeKJlO )1.0 DOJibCbKMX maHQiB. fliCJl.SI I.J.hOrO seCb 3aMOK i3 BOrHellaJibHOlO 36p0€10 Ta rapMaTaMM 3ropiB. l(e 6yB llOTY)f(HMH i ,l(OCHTb yKpinneHMH 3aMOK, 60 MOrO )l.OBKOJia OTO'tlysana BO,l(a, ane qepe3 yropCbKY cnpasy siH u.inKoBMTO s11ropis i 6ys norpa6osaHMH. Horo rapHi3oH Haniqynas 6JIM3bKO n'.HTH TMC.Sil.l, CaMMX CTpiJibQiB 6yno TMC.Sil.la, a 6o.HpCbKI1X CHHiB KiJibKaCOT KiHHOTM. Bcix QHX ne,n:se noJIOBMHa JIHillMJiac.H B )f(HBHX, a iHllli 3arHHYJIH. Ty 3)1.06Ml.l, .HKa 6yna TaM 3axonneHa, Koponb HaKa3aB po3,n:inHTH nopiBHY Mi)f( noJIH:KaMH, yropU..HMH ii JIHTBOIO. OcKiJibKM MOCKOBCbKi si:HcbKa 6yn11 Heno,n:aJiiK, ni.n: Toponu.eM, TO KO- 'Eoi ).t.OCI(p· ponb nocnas npoTM HHX .HHyma 3i 36apa)f(a, 6pau.nasCbKOro soEso,n:y, JBuma.Mu 3 .n;soMa THC.Hl.laMH si:HchKa yropu.in i noJI.HKiB. ,llo Hhoro np11€,l(HaBC.H CaMYeJib 36opoBCbKHH i .n.e.HKi KoponiBChKi .n.sop.HHM, .HK-oT: HH EeJI)f(C'QbKHH, MapeK Co6ecbKHH, llo.l(JlbO)l.OBChKMH, Tiopy.n.MHCbKMH, TioropeU.bKHH, JbJIOBeQbKHH i bpOHeBCbKMH, KOTpi CllO'llaTey HanaJIH Ha MOCKOBCbKY CTOpo~, po3rpOMHJIM ii, a llOTiM p03llO'llaJIH repu.i 3 MOCKOBChKMMH TaTapaMM, KOTpMX Te)f( 3arHaJIH 3a ToponeQb, )1.0 rOJIOBHOrO MOCKOBCbKOfO siiicbKa. A noTiM AH.n.)f(eH 36opoBCbKHH, OneKcaH.n.p KoHeu.noJibCbKMH, CTaHicnas )l(onKeBCbKMM, Co6o:QhKHH, <l>epeHu.6epr np116yn11 3 apKe6y3HpaMM i me 6iJibWe ni.n.HeCJIH CBOiM 60MOBHM .n.yx, po3nOpOWHJIH MOCKOBChKe BiHCbKO, ~aneKo nporHaBWH uoro i 6araTbOX aa6HBWH. TaM 6yJio B6MTO )1.0 n'.HTMCOT MOCKOBHTiB, .ZI.BiCTi B3.HTO B llOJIOH, iHmi )f( po3JieTiJIHC.H .HK MfXH, TaKO)f( aananHJIH aaMoK Toponeu.h. Eys TaM i HamoKiH, 3Ha'liHHH s '.H3eHh ia ~sop a caMoro KHSI3SI, 6yno y TOMf 6oro aaxonJieHo ii: .n.sa TaTapCbKHX npanopM. 3si.n.TH Koponb T)'T )f(e si.n.npasMB EopHeMicy a KinhKOMacTaMM yropchKoi niXOTH Ta rapMaTaMH ni,n: HeseJib. llo6al.IHBWH ~e, MOCKOBHTH B'laCHO ni.zutanHCJI. Ha 3aMKf 6y;10 .n.ocHTh sorHenanhHOi a6poi, ane nopoxy .n.pKe MaJIO, Hami 3HaHUIJIH TiJibKH nis60liKH, ane 6yJIH B,l(OBOJieHi iHWOIO 3)1.06H'Iql(). TuM qacoM Koponh si.n:npaBHB 3aMoikbKoro ni.z:t 3asonoqe, a caM supyWHB .n.o HeBeJIJI. Ty,n:H .n.o HbOro ottpaay >K CTaJIH npu6ysaTH OJJ.HH aa .n.pyruM

239

KHMrA I Mocl(98ct.l(j MOCKOBCbKi llOCJIH 3 JIHCTaMM. Y HMX ( MOCKOBCbKMM KHSI3b) BHBOAMB CBOIO noc.11u oilun JO i)pyzw.. reHeanoriiO BiA HKorocb IOpiH, KOTPHM 36yttysas )J,epnT. Ha ~iu nittcTasi

siH BKa3ysas, IllO IHcpJIHHACbKa 3eMJISI 3aKOHHo :tioMy HaJie)I(MTb, aJie BiH xot~e ii po3ttiJIMTM HaBnin 3 KoponeM, 6o nparHe Mupy i npunHHeHHSI npoJIMTTH XpHCTHSIHCbKOI KpOBi. B)l(e MOCKOBCbKHH KHSI3b BiA,AaBaB KOpOJIIO t~OTMPH csoi 3aMKM B IHcpJIHHAii, a,Ao ~boro B)l(e xoTiB 3BaTMCSI :ti nHcaTMCSI MOfO 6paTOM, SIK nepe,A ~HM po6HJIH iHWi Koponi. )J,oci )I( BiH llOCTiMHO Ha3HBaB KOpOJIJI cyciAOM. AJJ.e KOpOJib CKa3aB, IllO MaJIO ,A6a€ npo MOrO 6paTepCTBO, a TiJibKH npo Te, Ill06 ni,Ai6paTH y Hboro IHcpJIHHAiiO. llicnSI TpHBaJIHX neperosopiB ,l(O,l(aJIM ~e miCTb 3aMOt~KiB ,l(O neplliHX tiOTHpbOX, 3ra,l(aHHX BH~lle. KoJIH :ti Ha ~e Koponb He xoTiB npHcTaBaTH, To npocHJIH, ll.\06 BiH ,l(03BOJIHB IM CllOKiMHO ixaTH 3a BiMCbKOM, ,li.OKH BOHH He OTpH91awi 6;JSUiu Sa8o.11ou PoJpaxe6e~,. l(fJZO

3a6umo

8 Yl\pinlltHHJZ{.

9faUli 6;JAAu tJtpu~, cna./IUJIU

!JTop{.o/J, Onoi(JJ

i1 CmapoiJy6

CeiiJ.t y 'Bapwa8i

!JTOC.IIU 9.focl(6u

91awi 8JMu CmapyPycy 1fawi cna.IIU.Ilu

Xo.I!M

9.foci(£J8cbl(j nOC.IIU

y nanu

7TepV.1Up R npui1HJmiO i1 nopywmo

MaiOTb I I (c. 214) no,n.aJibmoi rocy.n.apesoi iHcTp}'K~ii. B)l(e :ti reTbMaH npH6}'B nil( 3aBOJIOtle, aJie ~eM 3aMOK CHAHTb SIK Kat~Ka Ha BO,ll.i, H ,li.O HbOfO 3 )1(0,l(H0f0 6oKy He ni,ACT)'llHlliCSI. 0.l(HaK Hawi 3aAYMaJIH 3,li.06YTH MOrO norHeM, wTypMaMH i, He3saJKaiOt.IH Ha TPYAHOII.\i, see )I( osonottiJIH HHM BHacJiiAOK TpeTbOro WT)'PMY· TaM, B waH~Jix, 6yno s6HTO KpHmTocpa Po3pa)l(eBCbKoro, My)l(a .n.iiicHo riAHoro B pH~apcbKHX cnpasax . TaKO)I( i BiJieHCbKHM BO€BO,l(a B3SIB MOCKOBCbKHH 3aMOK €3epHII.\e, ,Ae CKynt~HJIMCSI MOCKOBHTM 3Bi.l(yciJib. Hawi, B3SIB11IM nopxoB i Onot~Ky, CllaJIHJIM CTapo.Ay6. TaKO)I( i mse,n.cbKHH KopOJib, nocnasmu csoe siM:cbKO ni.n. Hapsy, 3ano,AiHB TaM 3Hat~Hy lliKOAY· PoKY 1581. Koponh, .n.o6usmHCb A06poro ycnixy B MocKosii, noixas AO BinbHa, a 3BiATH- Ha ceiiM .l(O BapUiaBH, Ha KOTpoMy sci naHoBe CTOSIJIH 3a Te, ~06 BiH CKiHt~HB BiHHY 3 MOCKOBCbKHM KHJI3eM. TyAH )I( 3HOBY npHixaJIH MOCKOBCbKi llOCJIH, KOTpi ni,lJ. t~ac neperosopiB Bi.l(,lJ.aBaJIH B)l(e BCIO IHcpnHHACbKf JeMJIIO, KpiM Hai1ronosHilliHX MicT i 3aMKiB, HK-oT: )J,epnT, MapieH6ypr, <PeniH, nepHOB i Hapsa. AJJ.e KOpOllb XOTiB yciei lHcpJISIH,ll.ii i 3 QHM BiAnpaBHB (MOCKOBCbKHX) llOCJiiB. THM t~acoM opmaHcbKHM CTapocTa <PinoH KMHTa, npHiiwonmH .n.o CTapol Pyc11, .n.e MOCKOBCbKHM KHSI3b Mas csoi coJIHHi KOnaJibHi, 3axonHB seJIHKY 3,no6Ht~. TaKO)I( Kypt~ 3 fony6KOM cnaJIHJIH XoJIM i po36HJIH MOCKOBHTiB, KOTpi TaM 6yJIH. Eat.Iat.IH u;e, MOCKOBCbKHM KHH3b BiAnpanHB csolx nocJiiB 3 nepeMHp'HM .n.o xpMCTHHHCbKoro iMnepaTopa i .n.o nann, o6iu;HIOt.IH IM .n.onoMory npoTH T)'pKa i CKap)l(atiHCH npH QhOMY Ha llOJibCbKOfO KOpOJISI, a u;e ,l(JIH TOfO, ~06 nana noMHpHn M:oro 3 KoponeM . CnSITHH oTeQb o6iu;Hn u:e sqnHHTH, ane BOHH [nocnH], xoq i .n.yJKe QbOMY npOTHBHJIHCH, MYCHJIH M:oro 3ri.n.Ho 3i 3BHqa€M nm~inynaTH B Hory. Koponb norolJ,HBCSI Ha nepeMHp 'H .no nesHoro qacy, aJie, 6y,n.yqH B )1,3iCHi, ,l(OBi)J.aBCSI, ~0 MOCKOBCbKe BiHCbKO, SIKe 6yno B CMoneHChKy, BAepnocSI qepe3 KOpAOH i nqHHHJIO UIKOAY KOJIO lliKJiosa i Mor11nesa. )J,osi,naBUIHCh npo u;e, KpHmTocp PaA311BiJIJI i Mapu;iH Ka3aHOBCbKHH 3 HaKa3y KoponH Bt{HHHJIH n~e 6inbllli mK0/1.11 B MocKosil. DicJIH qoro 11: caM Koponb, nJKe nTpeTe Ha6panum: 3a rpomi neJIHKe siikhKO s Yropli.\HHi Ta HiMeqt.IHHi, pym11n Ha MocKoaiiO, a 3a HHM 3riJJ.HO 3i 3BU'Ia€M rap-

240

KHIIrA I MaTn BC3Jll1 piKaMn. Hacarvmepe/~ niu pynmn Ha llcKon, Jien <o B3nnmM Ha 'l(ppollb J II Ofhj uik illJinxy 6JIH3I>tK OToqynau H£1AiMHMH MYP· OcTpon Man i MiQHi 6aillTH, cepe.n. nKI1X o.n.Ha 6yna Hai1nOT}'iKHirnoro. Kon11 >K Hauii , rnrypMyJOt.JH, ni.n.Kp11JIH no 3aMKY n oTy>KHHH soroHb, niH Kanirynrosas. CTpinbt{i, KoTpi1X 6yno 300, i .n.iTM 6oS~pCbKi nirnJIM nci .n.o neJmKoro KH51351, a BC.H q epHb 3aJIMJliHJiac.H n 3aMKY I I (c. 215); Harni 3axonHJIH TaM t.JHMaJIO sorHenaJihHOr 36por, 6poH3H ti nposiaHry. 3si.n.cH Jl.O TicKona 6yno n>Ke TiJihKI1 niciM MHJib. KopoJib 3 sii1CbKOM T)'T >Ke pyumn .n.o HhOro, o6JIO>KMB MiCTO M 3aMOK. fiCKOB E .D.y>Ke BCJIHKe MiCTO, .HKe IlO)l.iJISIETbC$1 Ha TPH qacTMHH; i1oro oTot.JyiOTb .n.asHi MYP" i 6arnTM, n o6y.n.osaHi CTaposHHHHM cnoco6oM, KOTpHx HaJiittyETbCSI 70. U e MicTo, nK Tnep.n:.HTb .n:eSIKi, JIHTOBCbKHH KH113b ,lJ.oBMOHT o6sis cTiHaMH , i ni MYP" i1 IIHHi 3B)'Tb ,lJ.oBMOHTOBHMH. TaM E TaKO>K .n.y>Ke 6araTo QepKOB , I<OTpi pa30M 3 6arnTaMw Ha)l.3BMl.JaHHO npm<p amaiOTb MicTO. ,lJ.OBI<OJia MicTa neceJIHM neM3(l)l<: 3)'CTpiqaJOTbCSI,D.Bi piKH - llcKOB i BeJIHKa; 'IMMaJIO narop6is, Ha KOTpHx nosHo MiB1.{11; CKpi3b no nOJISIX CTOITb )l.OCHTb 6araTO MOHaCTHpiB. fiC KODHTSIHH MaJIH 6araTo BOt' HenaJibHOI36pol, nopoxy i1: nposiaHry, a nro.n.ei1, roTOBHX .n:o 6oro, 6yno BCbOfO ll 1 51T)l.eCRT THCR"l, TaKO>K 'IOTHpH BO€BO)l.H: )l.BO€ lllyi1:cbKHX-

ua ?.foe· I(!JGiiO

?.{OCI(!JIJCI,I(j Jalt11(JJ

'l(pac1w·

zopouol(. Ocmpoe i m. iJ. !J HQIUU)( 'l(opollb ni.iJ 91.ci({J(}o.At Onuc 91.ci(!J6a

lnaH i BacHJib. KpiM Toro, T)'T 6yn11 M)'>KHi 6oraTHpi: XopoQiH (Chorocin) i TI.ne~eEB. KopoJih, nepei1rnosrnH qepe3 piKy, eTas 3 yciM nii1cbKOM Ta6opoM Ha ropi, yropCbKe BiMCbKO CTORJIO Jiisopyq, a JIHTOBCbKe npanopyq. lloJibCbKHH Ta6ip 6yn nocepe.n:HHi. A HiMQi cTaJIH Heno.n.aniK ni.n: Kopon.s~. 1fatui !JI(pinlleHHJl ,Usa Jl.Hi Tp:Hnan rnrypM, i n>Ke Harni aaxonHJII1 6yn11 J(Bi 6arnTI1 i TaK nopyM:H)'BaJIH MYP Mi>K H:HMH, ~o BHKJII1KaJIO neJIHKHH no.n.Hs. TaM CTaJIH HacaMnepe.u. KaBa.Jiep poKon l leHbOH>KeK i AHJ(>KeH O>KeXOBCbKHH ai CBOIMH Jlatu.i uJmypJ.tu KiHHHMH poTaMH. nicJIR HHX- YponeQbKHM 3i CB0€10 niXOTOIO, TaKO>K CTaHicJias CTa)l.HHl.\bKHH, a 3a HMM B116paHOBCbKHH i CepHHH, a niCJIH HMX €>Ki MHirneK, HHHiWHiH caH)l.OMHpCbKHM BO€BOJl.a 3i CB0€10 KiHHOIO poTOIO. Mi>K HHMH 6ynn poTM 11 iHlllMX 3Ha'tJHHX noJibCbKHX naHiB, RK-OT: A.n.aMa CTaJl.HHQbKoro, AH.n:>KeR UiKOBCbKoro, .HHa TapHOBCbKoro, .HHa XJieBHQbKOfO, naHiB 3 ,lJ.eM611H: lliXOBCbKOfO, ,lJ.>KeMJiiKa, illJISI.l{KOBCbKOro, CTpacca, BEpHKa, EHJiiHM, 36HJiiTOBCbKoro Ta iHmHx. TaKO>K XoniMEpCbKHH 3i CBOiMH poTaMH CTaB 3 iHlllOfO 60K)' 3 Y JIRHiQbKHM, 3 MHKOJia€M CeHiHCbKHM, Ko>KHHCbKHM, .HHKOBCbKHM, EJie.n.oncbKHM 3 noJIKaMH

OJieKcaH.n.pa KoHel.{nOJibCbKoro Ta iHlllHMH, nepepaxonynaTH RKi He BHCTa'IHTb 1.1acy. O.n.Hi niiicbKa CTaJIH n noJii, iHwi, oco6JIHBO nixoTa, B waHQJIX. To.n.i JIK Hawi, TaK i yropl.{i no .n.sicTi BOJIKiB KHH)'JIHCb Ha I111j'pM, B3JIJII1 6aWTH i B)l(e BHBicHJI.H Ha HHX npanopH, aJie nte Hi'IOfO He B)l.iJIJIH, 60 3 6arnT 6yno Ba)I(KO CTpiJIJITH DO MiC'Ij', 60 BOHO 6yno BHnte 6aCTiOH}' Ha ni.n.cTaHb cnHca. MocKOBHTH B)l(e no"'aJIH BTiKaTH, aJie IllyiicbKOM}' Jie~ne n.n.anocJI ix 3asepH)'TH, npocR"'H aapa.n.11 focno.n.a, ~o6 BOHH caMi ce6e no)l(aJiiJIH. Hawi a)l( BHO"'i nonepuyn11cH a 6amT .n.o csoix wanQiB, .n.yMa.n:H H po6HTH ni.n.Kon ni.n. aaMoK, ane TaM 6yna CKeJIH, TOMY TaKa npaQJI 6yna 6 .n.apeMHOIO.

241

KHHrA I J

'JiumiJa .Afocl(98u· ma.Mu, sud UIJLIIU

Ha 6iikiz

To~i .no KtnbKacoT si:WcbKa i1llL7Io si.n MOCKOBCLKoro KH.H3.H Ha .nonoMo-

ry ncKOBMT.HHaM. Hawi 3ii1wnuc.H 3 HMMH B 6mo i MHJIH, I

o,nHHX .nomeHry po3rpo-

(c. 216) a iHwux B3SIJIM B nonoH, caMux,niTei16o.HpcbKHx,no.nsox-

coT. TaKo* BuwHeBeQbKMi1, KoTpHi1 To,ni TPHMaB CTOPO*Y· Hanas Ha 9\i.!lt>J(jarn, MOCKOBCbKHH DOJIK i po3rpOMHB MOrO, B3JIB y llOJIOH COTHMKa XOCTOBHHa .Mocl(98umi6, IJ;Rm~

y nD.JIOK

(Chostowina) i npHsis.no KopoJI.R, a sapwascbKHi1 KawTeJI.HH PeqaiicLKMH a D€JUIBCbKHM BHHHII.(HJIM JJ.O niBTOpH COTHi MOCKOBMTiB, a 60 B3SIJIH B llOJIOH.

ToJJ.i * TioHryc, reTLMaH wse~cLKoro KOpOJI.R, B3.HB B IH<f>JI.HHJJ.ii niJJ. MocXocmo8una KOBCbKMM KH.H3eM Hapsy Ta iHwi 3aMKH, mo 6yJIH Heno,AaniK. Eaqaqu Qe, '1116Wct>J(Jl i1 Hawi TaMTewHi cTapocTu cTanu iHwi aaMKH 3axonmonaTu: MarHyc B3.RB

'Buw.u6er;tr

J(Jl i1 1J;.116

1(9p011b

i IUWli 6epyml> ix¢AAHihl(j Ja.Afi(U :Jlawi

KipeMneJib, .l{eM6iHCbKHi1- JleHsapT, Awepa.n. iT. ,n. TaKO* Pa.u.3MBiJIJI, CHH siJieHCbKoro BO€BOJJ.M, 3 <l>iJIOHOM KMMTOIO i fapa6yp.AOIO, pywuswu niJJ. CTapuQIO, ,ne 6ys TO,Ai caM KH.H3b, B.AepJIHC.H B

MIOHi}p!JIOI"b

MOCKOBCbKi 3eMJii 3 ciMOMa THCH'C.IaMM BiMCbKa, p03,AiJIMBWM IX Ha TpH 3aro-

.AfOCI(96cr.l(j 6o11ocmi

HH. TaM *e JIHTOBCLKi K03aKH nJIIOH.Apysanu II.WJJ.eHHO no ciM-BiciM MHJib sopo*oi .nep*aBM. A KOJIH Ha6JIH)KaJIHC.H ,AO CTapuQi i CTaJIH Ha,n. piKoiO BoJiroiO TiJibKH 3a 5 MMJib Bill. CTap:HQi, TO CTaJIH qeKaTH Ha sopora, .HKII.(O TOM 3axoqe .n:aTH iM 6HTBy. TaM *e B3.HJIH «.H3MKa», a 6aqaqu, mo seJIMKMM KH.H3b .Ay*e cTpHBO*eHHH i He JJ.aCTb 6HTBH, nycTHJIH Ha Toil 6iK BoJirH

. .

CBOIX K03aKIB 1 TaTap, KOTpl lll,AKfpHJIH ,AHMOM a)K lll,A CaM HlC BeJIHKOMf KH.H3eBi MOCKOBCbKOMy. BiH )Ke, ,AMBJIHlJHCb Ha Qe i3 )l(aJieM Ta nJialJeM, He CMiB BHCYHfTHC.H iJ 3aMKf i B3arani JJ.YMaB npo BTeqy Ta, Ma6yrb, Bme BHCJiaB Moci(!J6cr.-

11JlU JQi.JlJ" y mpu6o3i

BO.AOIO .AO EiJioro o3epa ll.PY*"HY 3 cuHaMM, 6aJKaiOtiH i1 caM aa HMMM T)'ll.H MHKHfTHCH. Pa,LJ;3MBiJIJI, 6aqa~-m. mo He ,LJ;OtieKa€TbC.H 6MTBH, noaepHync.H ni,A TicKOB ,AO KOpOJIH. Y QeH )Ke qac ll.O KOpOJI.H npH6yJIO ,LJ;BicTi WOTJiaHll.QiB, .zr:yme ,l{06pHX CTpiJibQiB, KOTpi 'C.IaCTO 3,AaJieKy B6HBaJIH MOCKOBHTiB.

Moci(!J6cr.l(j noCJiu iJo l@poJ!Jl

f1icJI.H QbOrO T}'T )Ke npHIXaJIH llOCJIH Bill. MOCKOBCbKOrO KH.H3JI, nparHf'C.IH neCTH MHpHi neperoaop11, 6o Pa,LJ;3HBiJIJI B*e Haro,l{yaan iforo cTpaXOM. BoHH npocum1, mo6 aiH ai.n.crynHB ni,l{ ITcKoaa i npHcJiaB caoix nocJiiB

'BiiJno6Wr. MOCI(p6· Cbl(uM noCJia.Af

ll.JISI neperonopis Ha nenHe MiCI..le. KopoJib, 6atiatiH, mo Ha.u.xo.n:uTb 3HMa, Ha6m. nKaETbC.H cei1M, cKa3aB nocJiaM, mo Bi.AcrynHTb ai.n: ITcKOBa He paRiwe Toro, KOJIM ixHii1 Qap nonepHe BCIO IHq)Jl.HH,l{iiO. ITicJI.H 1.\bOro BiH BM3Ha'C.IMB ll.Jl.H neperonopiB 3 HMMI1 B CeJii JIM CBOIX llOCJiiB: 6paQJiaBCbKOrO BO€ao.u.y .HHa 3i 36apa)l(a i Ha.n:aipHoro MaplllanKa BeJIMKoro KH.H3iBcTna JlMTOBCbKoro 0Jib6paxTa Pa,LJ;3MBiJIJia, ,l{O KOTpMx .AOJI}''C.IHB fapa6yp.Ay. MocKOBChKi ll0CJII1, KOJII1 3p03YMiJII1 1.\e, TO HeraHHO HanHCa.JIM _no KH.H3H CBOfO

.91ucm xoci(!J8cbiQll{ noCJiiiJ

JIMCTa TaKoro 3Micry: «TipecJiaaHm1 KH.H3IO, neJIMKHM Haw u.ap10. M11 apoayMiJIH ai cJiiB KOpOJI.H, mo niH Ha 3HMY He Bi.AcrynHTb ni.A ITcKoBa. A mo6 TM

iJo c6ozo

He Tillli1BCH ,AapeMHOIO HaJJ.i€10, MM nepecTepiraEMO Te6e i npOCMMO, mo6 3MHJiyBaBC.H Ha,A HeBI1HHI1M11 JIIO,l{bM11, HeBHHHa KpOB JIKHX TaM llOCTiHHO

I(HRJ!l

npoJIMBaETbC.H, I I (c. 217) 6o, np11ixaBlllH TYJJ.H, MH 6a'C.IHJII1 TaM JJ.y)l(e 6araTo IX y6HTMX. I .RKII.(O BOHI1 3apaJJ.M Te6e, CBOrO naHa, He WKO.ll.YIOTb CBO€I KpOBi, TO ,AiHCHO BOHM ri,nHi TOfO, mo6 TM 3fJI.RHYBC.H Ha HMX i KOp11CTi CBOro u.apcTBa He CTaBHB BI1Il(e Bi,A IXHbOI'O )1(111vr.R, 60 B311MKY IM 6yJJ.e Ha6ara-

242

KHHrA I TO TJDKtle. BOHH :>K 60 He CXOBaiOTbCJI ~0 JJiciB, a ~0 TOrO :>K 3aMep3H}'Tb piKH Ta 6onoTa, i TOM)' 6y~e JJerme cKpi3b npoiiTH soporosi. 0T:>Ke, pa~HMO, mo6 HKHaHlllBH~We HaM 6yJJa ~aHa iHCTpyKI..\iH npo Te, mo MH Ma€MO yKJJ~aTH, ~o 3'i3.ZI.y 3 KoponiBCbKJ.IMH nocJJaMH y 3r~aHoMy ceni

JIM». MocKOBCbKHM

KHH3b, npO'-IHTaBWH 1..\bOrO JlHCTa, Ha .ZJ.O~aqy IJ.O nepWHX npHC1IaB .ZJ.pyrHX llOCJiiB, i , OCKiJJbKH BiH npOCHB npo fJieHT .ZI.JIH HHX, Qe 6yno ,naHO. qepe3 1..\HX llOCJiiB MOCKOBHT 3BepHfBCH O,npa3y :>K .ZJ.O 6pannaBCbKOrO BO€BO.ZJ.H, a BO€BO,na BilJ.icnas :Horo .no reTbMaHa, 6o 3Has sci ixHi npono3 Ht~ii. Ue:H cKa3as: llOCJIH MaiOTb .ZJ.OpyqeHHH ,no6HTHCH BilJ.Cryny Bi~ TICKOBa HaWHX BiMCbK i 3aTHITH '-laC; HK~O )I( 6y.ZJ.eMO llO-CTapOMY WTfpMyBaTH TICKOB, TO TO.ll.i, HK .ni:H,ne .no 3rOJJ;H, KopOJJb MaB 611 BiMaTH BeJJHKi JlyKH i see I.:(e, ~o B3HB, xpiM TioJIOI..\bKa, Beni.>Ka Ta iHwHx 3aMKiB y TioJIOI..\bKi:H 3eMJii, a MOM)' HaToMicTb BCIO IH<f>JIHH.ll.CbKf 3eMJIIO, i ~o6 6inbwe HicKiJJbKH He nocrynaJJHCH. THM qacoM npHMWJia BicTb .ll.O HaWMX, J.nO .ll.O TICKOBa MaJJO BHCTfllHTM BiMCbKO 3 Hosropo,na. O,nHaK npoTM HHX 6yno noCJJaHo 3 sii1 cbKa Hop,naHa CnMTKa

'lkpuo6opu J !Moc'I(SJ6UIO

Xumpi .Moc1(96umu

npuQyM!fl01'1"

Jpa{)y 6 mptli(J1Uli1Ul:(

3 noJIKOM. BiH, npHi1woswM ni.n ixHe MicTo, naTpanMB Ha cTopo>~<y, KOTPY T)'T >Ke 3arHaB y MicTo, a noTiM i o6JIO)KMB n e MiCTO. K o3aKH )K, KOTpi cnot~aTKY .ZI.iHJIM np11 Onot~Qi, pyw:MJIM .no Hosropo.na i CTapol Pyc11, niCJIH t~oro

HaillHM B Qi Kpai 6yno B)Ke 6e3net~HiWe BMl)K,lJ.)KaTH npOTM HMX. PoKY 1582, cit~HH 4 .ZJ.HH, Illyl1cbKHH BilJ.npaBHB TpHCTa KiHHOTHMKiB 3 MicTa, ~o6 , si.nsoniKlliH ysary uawoi cTopo)Ki, s.napHTM 3 iHlliOro 6oKy csi>KHM sii1cbKOM ua Ta6ip. Ha cTopo)l(i 6ys TO.ZI.i ToMalll OpHHCbKHH 3 poTOIO RHa 36oposcbKoro i CKap6eK. KoJJH BOHM 6MJIMCH 3 MOCKOBMTaMM, TO 'Eum8a J .Mocl(psopor, 31J.iMCHIOI01.111 CBiM HaMip, BHnyCTMB '-1epe3 iHllly 6paMJ CBO€ BiHCbKO 8utrw.Mu npoTM Hallloro Ta6opy. TipoTM HMX 6opoHMJIMCH cnot~aTKYyropni, a noTiM npHMt~as RH KpeTKOBCbKMM 3 poToiO CTaHicnaaa TilliH€MCbKoro, spewTi poTa f OCTOMCbKOrO Ta iHWi 3a HMMH; T)'T )l(e 6yJio B6MTO .ll.O TpbOXCOT MOC· KOBMTiB, a wicT,necHT B3HTO B nonoH. H a Qe IIIy:HcbKMH .ll.MBHBCH 3 KpinocHoi cTiHM. 3arHuyno i1 KiJibKa HalliHx: Tii1oHTKOBCbKHH, OpHHCbKHH , TiirnoscbKHH, TieTpo fpy,n3HHCbKMH i .ZI.Ba 3Hat~HMX yropQi. B3araJJi TaM qaCTO 6yBaJIM o6onLnbHi cyTMqKM 3 MOCKOB:HTaMM. A THM qacOM llOCJifl, BH· CJiaHi 3 o6ox cTopiH, no,naBaJJH pi3Hi fMOBH, O.ll.HaK nicJIH TPMBaJJHX .ne6aTiB, KOJIH B)l(e MOCKOB:HTM no6aqMJifl, IUO iM nopeTbCH He no lliBy, 3MeHlliMJIM rop,n:HHIO CBOrO llHXaTOrO THpaHa i Ta.KHM qJ1HOM npHCTYflHJIH ,l(O }'KJI~eH HH MMPY· HacaMnepe.n, xoq pa.ni t~H He pa,ni, si,ncTynHJIM KopoJIIO BCIO IH<J>JJJIH.ll.CbKf 3eMJIIO, Te TiJJbKM BMToprysasw:H co6i, mo6 3 ,l(epnTa i 3 Hosropo.l{a I I (c. 218) BHBe3JIM 3 co6o10 nepKOBHe cpi6no if o6pa3M, mo6 iMy QbOM}' He qJ1HMJIOCH n epemKO.ll.M, TaK CaMO HK i IXHiM CBH~eHMKaM. Y 3B '.H3Kf 3 QHM Kopon& MaB nosepnyTHIM BenMKi JlfKH, 3aaonoqe, Hesen& Ta inllli 3aMKH, HKi B3HB, KpiM flOJIOQbKa, BeJii>Ka Ta iHlliHX, KOTpi 3HaXO,l{MJIHCH B fiOJIOQbKiH 3eMJii. I.Uo CTOcy€TbCH BOrHellaJibHOI 36poi, TO HKIUO BOHa DO· TpanMJia KOMfCb .l{O PYK pa30M i3 3aMKOM, TO Mae 6yr11 nosepHeHa. fliCJIH Qboro o6oninbHe nepeMHp' H J{O .l{eC.HTH poKiB 6yno yxsaneuo, JIK i xoTiB Kopon&, 3 KopoHOIO llOJibCbKOIO i 3 BenMKMM KHH3iBCTBOM JlHTOBCbKHM. Hami nosi.n;.AaBaJIH iM 3aMKM, a BOHM nOCTfDHJIMC.H HaM IH<J>naH,nieiO, xoq i

243

KHHrA I 3 neJIHKHMH TPY~HOIUaMH; HacaMnepe~ reThMaH ni~i6pan y HHX Honropo~. Ueif 3aMoK He TaK neJIIiKHH, .HK MiQHHH, Mae noTpi:HHi

MYP" J:\OBKona ce6e,

!J{awi 6araTO Be:>K i 0,1:\H}' ~OCHTb llOTf:>KH}' 6amry. noTiM, nonepHyBWHCb ):\0 )J.epn8Uli6p0Jiu Ta, niH 3Haifwon y HhOMf ,1:\BOp.HHHHa neJIHKoro KH.H3.H, .HKoro 3BaJIH BacHJib 91o6wpoa foJioniH. Kon11 HOMf reThMaH HaKa3an .HKHa:HmnH,u.me BHMiTaTHC.H i3 3aMey, !J{awi

8Wi6p0Jiu 1Jepnm

TOH cKa3aB, 3iTXH}'BWH: «Eyn i TaKHH qac, KOJIH MocKna nepxono,u.HJia». MocKOBHTH 3aJIHWHJIH ,l(epnT 3 rHinoM Ta nJia'leM, 6o TPHMaJIH :Horo

29 poKin.

TaM :>Ke, 6iraiO'IH ~o MOfHJI cnoi'x noMepJIHX 6aTbKin, MaTepin, cecTep, 6paTin i npH.HTeJiiB, 'lliHHJIH BeJIHKHH JieMeHT, OC06JIHBO >KiHKH, 60 Qi MOfHJIH He Jzy:>Ke xoTiJIH 3aJIHWaTI1. A He n 3M03i noMCTHTI1C.n iHaKme, ni,u.KJiaJIH nopox nit\ rocytlapin naJiaQ in )J.epnTi, i B Honropotli, aJie Hami 3anqacHo nepecTepernl1 Taey 3pa.lzy i 3ano6ifJII1 IH, O~HaK He MCTHJIHC.SI MOCKOBI1TaM. MoCKOBCbKI1H KH.SI3b B3.HB y reTbMaHa TaKO:>K OcTpon, BeJIHKi 1lfK11, 3anoJioqe Ta imni 3aMKI1. A TaKI1M 'IHHOM yKJiaBmH MHp, po3nycTHB ni:HcbKO, KOTPOMY WI ni:HHa 3 noJI.HKaMH .u.o6pe ,u.aJiac.sr BJHaKH: He TiJihKH oTpaTI1n noHa,u. TpHcTa THCSiti 1Ja.nacJl

Gii1HIJ 8;JHiliQl .Moc'(fJ6umy

niikbKa, a lJ.O 8 SI3HI1Qi llOTpanHJIO lJ.O copOKa THCSil..J , He paxYJOtiH MaJIHX XJIQIl1.SIT, KOTpHX 6yJio nonHo y noJihlld. MocKOBHT}' 6yJIH CHJibHO cnycTomeHi JeMJii notii1HaiOtJH ni~ )J.Hinpa a:>K .l\O CTapotly6a i ,u.aJii. 0T:>Ke, Bill. )J.niHI1 no caMY CTapHQIO i a:>K .u.o Honropo11.a :H Jla,u.o3bKoro oJepa He MO:>KHa 6yJio JHaHTH QiJIOfO MiCQSI. lloJa cyMHiBOM, KOJIH 6 niH .nan nepe,l\ QHM 6HTBy, TO He BTpaTHn 611 TaK 6araTO JIIOlJ.eH, a KOJIH 6 TiJibKH o6opOHSIB npOXO,l\11 qepe3 JiiCH, To SIK 6araTo .noneJioc.sr6 HaM nHTpaTHTI1 CHJI. O.nHaK niH noKJia,u.anc.H Ha JaMKosi <PopTeQi, SIKi :Horo :H ni.u.neJIH. I Eor iioro TaK 3acJiin11n i noKapan Ja rpixH, mo niH He .nan co6i pa,u.H y niiiHi. 3ni,l(TI1 KOpOJib Bill.'lxan ,l\0 P11r11, ,l(e, nopo3yMiBlliHCb i3 HI1MH, nonepH}'n IM ,u.eRKi KOCTbOJII1 3ri,u.Ho 3 noTpe60io i HaKaJan lx ni.npeMOHTynaTH. TaM :>Ke niH nocTaBMB neH,u.eHChKoro enMcKona, .nan eJyiTaM KOCTbOJI

'l(pllezi!JMu en . .HKy6a n PH3i, JacHynan 8PuJi

i ,1:\aB IM KOJieriyM, ntiHHHB TaK caMo i n ,l(epnTi.

it 1Jepnmi PaHillle niH 3po6Hn TaK y CeMHropo,u.chKiM JeMJii, B KoJiomsapi. 3.MiHeHO

1(0/leHJap

'l(pcmbo/1 c6. 'Eap6apu

lJ;horo :>K 1582 poKy nit\ 1.1ac :Horo naHynaHHSI, 4 >KOBTHSI, I I (c. 219) 6yJio 3MiHeHo KaJieH.u.ap, DHKHHYTO ,1:\eCSITh .l\Hin. U:e 6yJio cnpHMHSITO nciMa

QepKnaMH, KpiM rpeu,bKHX. Uboro )I< poKy niH .u.an eJyi'TaM KOCThOJI en. Eapy Xpa1(96i 6apH y KpaKoni. llicJISI U.HX npau,h, SIK BO€HHHX, TaK i noTO"t.JHHX B Peqi nocnOJIHTii1, KOpOJib, nparHytiH Bi,U.n01.1HHKy, JaMMaDCSI llOJIIOBaHHSIM B HenoJIOMHU.SIX.

BeciJm.H JIHa 3aMOHCbKoro POKY 1583 BiA6yJioCSI neciJIJIH .HHa 3aMOMChKOro, KOpOHHOI'O fCTbMaHa, KaHU.Jiepa iT. ,U.., 3 fpH3eJib,U.OIO, ,U.04KOIO ceMHropoACbKoro noeno,nH KpHmTo<Pa, nJieMiHHHU.eiO KopoiiSI, i u.e neciJIJIR nnalliT}'Ban caM KopoJib. Ha Hboro np116yJio 6araTo rocTett 3 o6ox cTopiH. DaHHa npHi'xaJia .no HenoJIOMMLJ.h. I.i1 HaJycTpiq nMixano 3 KpaKoBa 6araTo 3Ha"t.JHJ1X naHh, HacaMnepe,n,nni rpaqnmi TeH"t.JI1HChKi, .H,nnira Mnllli<OBCbKa, yiJ.OBa, KpaKiBCbKa noeno,nHHa, i KaTapHHa, KHSDKHa Pa).(3HBiJIJiinua, TPOU.h-

244

KHHrA I Ka KauiTeJI.SIHKa; Co<}>i.SI OJiecHHI~bKa, pi.nna n JieMinHHlVI reThMaHa, KauJTeJIRHKa XeJIMiHCbi<a, ni,ncKap6iBHa KOpOHHa ,l(yJibCbJ<a, 11Ka llOMCpJia HeB,UOB3i nicJin t\horo neciJIJIR, a 3 HIIMH np11ixano 6araTo iHWHX naHb. n oTiM n11'ixas CaM reThMaH 3 )l.OCI1Tb fli1WHIIM 110\ITOM, 11p11 6m.d SIKOrO 6y110 6araTO naHiB Ta n aHHT, RKi po3KiWHO BI1IXaJII1 3 HeMaJIHMI1 110 \!TaMM. A n epe.u. ~JIM KopoHHMM MapwanoK AHJJ.)KeM OnaniHcbKHM, reHepan BeJII1KOI10JlbChKI1M 3 )J.OMY «JlO)J.3R», i3 CaHlJ.OM11pCbKHM KaWTeJHIHOM i 3 n ep eMHCbKI-I M KamTeJI.SIHOM nasJIOM KopHTKOM 3 )l.OMY «K031Iaporl1», 3 C.RHOL\bKI1M KaWTeJI.RHOM JIHOM <J>e.nopOM, 3 11ep eMMCbKI1M CTapOCTOJO JIHOM To MameM .l(poencbKHM, sci 3 .u.py)KHHaMM i '-IMMaJIHMH nO\!TaMH, DHixanH a)K Ha yropcbKui1I<Op.non. Oco6JI11no )K BHpi3HRBCJI MaplllanoK, KoTpHi1 Mas rapHMM noqeT KHeXTiB, n6paHMX y CMHbO->I<OBTMM, w axiBH.HL\eiO, O)l.ar; 6yJIO

i1 '-l.HMaJIO iHwHx 3Ha1..JHMX WJI.RXTM'-liB. 3 11aHHOJO 6yJIO ;~sicTi yropQiB, i sci 6yJIM 3ri,lJ.HO 3i 3BJ1qa€M CBO€J3eMJli ni,nnepe3aHi Jieonap)J.OBMMM WKypaMM. n aHHa, I.UY\111 )1.0 KpaKoBa, RI<MM ~e 6yJio r apHo 11p11KpameHO, 3YI111HJ1JiaC.R 3 U:MMM naH.RMH y nocTO.RJIOMy .l(Bopi. CaM reTbMaH 3 1..\MMM nciMa naHaMH npM)XaD .l(O Hel. ,l(o HbOrO B1111WJI0 6araTO n aHb i naHiB, OC06JIHBO TI1X, KOTpi 6yJII1 110CJiaHi Ha3yCTpiq naHHi. 0aHHa )K 3 6araTbMa iHWI1MI1 naH.HMH, HacaMnepe.n yropcbKHMH, 3aJIHWHJiac.R s.noMa. KoJIH ry.n11 axo,nHB reTbMaH, 6yJia 11p11Be.neHa

)\0

HbOI'O KOpOHHHM MapWa.JIKOM 11aHHa )J.O cepe)J.H-

HM noKoro. f eTbMaH np11aiTas II, 3aepH)'BWHCbJJ.O Her naTMHoro, 6o ~IO Moay BOHa )J.06pe po3yMiJia. floTiM Ii npMBiTaB i ll03)J.OpOB11B Bi)J. iMeHi KOpOJIH KpaKiBChKMH enHcKon TieTpo MHWKOBChKMM.

(c. 220) TioTiM naHi ciJIH

Ha KOHei1 i Ha KapeTH i1 naHH)' ypo'-HICTO nposeJIH qep e3 Ka3HMMP .no KpaKoaa , Ha JaM OK. HacaMnepe.n flwoa nol.leT MapmanKa, Ja HHMH - yrop~i i1 Ti naHHTa, KOTpi BHI>K)J.)KaJIH 3 r eTbMaHoM Ha3ycTpiq naHHi, apemTi i1 caM reTbMaH 3 HaH3Ha'-lHiWHMH naHaMH, 3a KOTpHMH IXaJia naHHa. flpHIXaBWH Ha 3aMOK, BOHa BCTaJia 6iJUI npHrOTOBaHoro )VIH Hei nOKOIO, a llOTiM KOpOHHHM MapWaJIOK npoBiB ii )J.O KopoJieBH. TiicJUI npHaiTaHHH KOpOJICBH naHHY 6yJIO npoae.n.eHo Ha3a,n y cynpoao.zu yropcbKHX naHHT. lloTiM, 12 qepnHH, KOJIH 6ya npH3Ha'leHHH 'lac MH wJiro6y 11 BeciJIJIH, 6araTO n aHiB i llOCJiiB Bi)J. iHWHX npaBHTeJiiB npHXO)J.WIO: O)l.Hi )1.0 KOpOJIH, iHwi )1.0 I'eTbMaHa HK )J.O MOJIO)J.OrO. floTiM niWJIH )1.0 KOCTbOJIY i BHCJI)'Xa.JIH Mecy i nponOBi)l.b, a O)J.pa3y niCJijl MCCH BCTfllHJIH JJ.O KOpOJieBH; TaKO>K npH6yna i1 naHHa y cynpoBoJJ.i KopoHHoro MapwanKa, yropcbKHX naHiB Ta naHb. TaM KaM 'HHe~bKHH enHcKon Mapu:iH oHJI06>KeCbKHH )J.aB iii WJII06 .

i reThMaHY

floTiM BOHH BHHIIIJIH ,no 3aJIH, )l.e 6yJIH npHrOTOBaHi CTO}IH 3i CTpaBa·

~4H06e

i1 naHi

MH. HacaMnepeJJ. ciB KOpO}Ib Ha KOWTOBHO B6paHOMY npecTO}Ii, KOp0.1leBa Ha8tci.ui ci.11a no JliBiH CTOpOHi, DOTiM- naHHa, 6inH Hei- reTbMaH, y)Ke $1K naH M0- .Rrua~ ce.1(910 110,l{HH. BinH Hhoro ci}IH BaJITa3ap i AJ.m)Ke:H, Kopo}liBchiKes BaTopiJI, DOTiM- DOCJIH ,[\eHKHX KHH3iB, naHH-pa.Aa i naHi, Bci Ci.nH Ha MiCIVI, npH3Ha'leHi iM ari,l(HO ai 3BH'laEM. flaHOBe ciJIH DO npaBiH CTOpoHi Bi)l. KOpoJISI, naHi- DO JliBiH 6i.nH I<opOJieBH. A 6y}IH TaM TaKi DOCJIH:

245

KHHrA I nanc&KMH JieraT, nocoJI 6paH~eH6yp3&Koro MapKrpa<j>a, npycc&Koro KHSI3H reopra <l>pi~pixa; DOCOJI Bi,n; CeMMropo~CbKOrO BO€BO,ll;l1, KOpoJiiBCbKOrO nJieMiHH11Ka; nocoJI si.n; KYPJIHH~c&Koro KHH3SI i T•

.u;. TioTiM HaH3Ha1.1Hiwi

yropc&Ki naHI1: .HH I<j>iH (Ifin), Kp11WTO<j> EaHcpi (Banfi)' ra6pieJib qaKi (Ciaki); naHi: Kp11CTMHa 3 CoBJIOK (Sowlok), €:>KiHa, y~osa Eo1.11<ai (Boczykaiowa), Co<j>iH TioHTO'll (P~tocza), €:>KiHa Ee6eK (Bebekowa) iAHHa TiepHe3 (Pernezyna), KOTpa paHime 6yJia 3a ,l{'ep~EM EaHcpi. TioTiM noJI&C&Ki naHI1: HacaMnepe.n; lleTpo MMWKOBChKMii 3 Mipysa, KpaKiBCbKMH €DMCKOn, cisepCbKMH KCbOH~3, TieTpo ):{}'HiH, DJIOIJ;bKMH BOHCb1<1-f:H, .HH Eopyxosc&KMH 3 nMJiiHa, KopoHHI1H ni,n;KaHn;Jiep, Mapu;iH EHJI06:>KeC&KI1H, KaM'SIHeQbi<11H €DI1CKOn i MOri1JibCbKI1H onaT. fliCJIH QHXBaJieHTMH ):{eM6iHCbKMi1:, KpaKiBCbKI1H KanJTeJISIH; AH,n;:>Keii, rpacp 3 TeH'liMHa, KpaKiBCbKI1H soeno~a; CTaHicJiaB IIIa<f>paHeQ& 3 TiicKosoi CKaJIM, caH,ll;OM11pCbKMH soeso~a; Kp11wTotp Pa~311BiJIJI, KHH3b Ha ):{y611HKax i Ha Eip:>Kax, TPOQbKMH KawTeJIHH, ni~KOMopi.H i nOJibHI1H reT&MaH JII1TOBCbKMi1; TieTpo EoT)'JII1QbKMH, 6pecTCbKI1H BOEBo~a; KocTHHTMH, I I (c. 221) KHH3b 0cTp03bKI1H, KHIBCbKHH soeno.n;a, MapwaJioK 3eMJii BoJII1HC&Koi; .HH TapJIO 3i II(eKa:>KeBHU:b, JII06JiiHCbKHM soeso~a; CTaHicJiaB )I(oJIKeBCbKHM, 6eJI3bKI1M soeso~a; CTaHicJias Kp:wc&KI1H i3 ):{po6HiHa, Ma3osen;&KI1H BOE-

!JTOCJIU

IJW iHWU{. 1(9pOHHU{.

na~ti8

BO.l(a; RHYw, KHH3b 36apa3bKHH, 6pan:JiaBCbKHH BOEBO.l(a, caH.l(OMHpc&KHH KanJTeJI1IH; RH, rpacp 3 TeH'liHHa, so.HHiQbKHH KawTeJI1IH, ni.l(KOMopii1 KOpoHH11i1; .SIH 36opOBCbK11H, rH€3HeHCbKHH KaWTeJIHH; 0aBJIO II(aBHHCbKHH, JieH1.111QbKHH KaWTeJIHH, OXMicTp KOpOJieBI1 Ii MOCTi; MapQiH JleWHbOBOJibCbKHH 3 06op, ni.l(JIHCbKHH KawTeJIHH; CTaHicJiaB CTa.l(H11U:bKHH, coH.n;en;&KHM KamTeJIHH; MHKOJiaft <l>ipJieH 3 ):{oM6poBHU:b, 6eU:bKHH KawTeJI.HH, pecpepeH.l(apii1; MHKOJiaH JlireH3a 3 Eo6pJ<Y, aicJIHU:bKHH KawTeJIHH; €>Ki MHiweK 3 BeJII1KHX KoH'1HQb, pa,n;oMCbKHH KawTeJI1IH; .HH CeMeHCbKHH, :>KapHOBCbKHH KawTeJIHH; TiaaJIO KopHTKO, nepeMHCbKHH KawTeJIHH; RH <l>pe.l(po 3 TIJieWOBHQb, CHHOU:bKHH KaiiiTeJI..HH; CTe<f>aH rpy,z:peHCbK:HH, HaKEJibC&KHH KaniTeJI..HH; CTaHicJiaB Pa.l(3HMHHCbKHH, 3aKpo'1HMCbKHH KamTeJI1IH, JiiBCbKHH cTapocTa; RH ):{yJI&CbKHH, xeJIMiHCbKHH KawTeJIHH, ni.l(cKap6ii1 KOpOHHHH; AH.l(>KeH OnaniHCbKHH, KopoHHHH MapwanoK, reHepan BeJIHKol TioJI&I.I.(i; AH.l(>Kei1: 36oposc&KHH, Ha.l(aipHHH MapwanoK, pa.l(OMCbKHH cTapocTa; TPH KH1I31I CJiyU:&Kux; TpM KH1I3H 3 OcTpora; KHH3b PoMaH CaHrymKo KowMpCbKHH. A u:i naHone npHcJiaJIH caolx nocJiia: CTaHicJiaB KapHKOBCbKHH, rHE3HeHCbKHH apxienMcKon; €poHiM Poapa)KeBCbKHH, KY1IBCbKHH EnHcKon; €)Ki Pa.U.3HBiJIJI, niJieHCbKHH EnMcKon; .A,a.aM TiiJibXOBCbKHH, xeJIMiHCbKHH €llHCKon; CTaHicJiaB, rpacp 3 ropK11, ll03HaHCbKHM BO€BO.l(a; MHKOJiaH Pa.l(3MBiJIJI, aiJieHCbKMM noeno.l(a, Hai1BHI.QHH reT&MaH BeJIHKoro KH1I3iaCTBa JluTOBC&Koro; MMKOJiaH MeJieQ&KMM, no.u.iJibCbKHH BOEBO,lJ.a; 0cTaq>ii1 BoJIOBM'1, aiJieHCbKMH KauiTeJI.SIH, KaHn;Jiep BeJIHKoro KH1I3incTaa JlHTOBC&Koro; .HH CepaKOBCbKHH, JieH'-IHU:bKHH noeso.u.a; .HH KiiiiKa, )KMY.li.CbKHH cTapocTa, ni.n:1.1amHH BeJIMKoro KH1I3iBCTBa JlMTOBC&Koro; .A,a.aM BuwHenen:hKMM, BOJIMHCbKMM BO€BO.l(a; fp11ropii1: 3eJieHCbK11~1, llJIOQbKHii BOEBO.l(a;

246

l(HHrA I AHceJibM focTOMCbKHH, panchKMM BO€Bo,na; <l>a6i.HH U.eMa, MaJJb6opKCbKHH soEao.n.a; JlH TaJJbDOw, >KMY.l(CbKHH KauiTeJI.RH; JlH fJie6oBH'll, ni.n.cKap6ii1 BeJntKoro KHH3iBCTBa JhnonchKOro; CTaHicJian, rpacp 3 Jla6imHHa; Jl.RTa.JlbCbKMM, 'liJiyxOBChKMM CTapocTa i T. )J.. Tenep ai.u. MicT: noCJm TOPYHChKi, r.u.aHChKi, eJib6JIOH3hKi TOI.l\O. I1oCJiis 6yJio .U.B:UlVITb. O.n.pa3y >K nicJIH o6i.l(y a11i1wos cno'llaTKY Koponh 3 yciMa naHaMM, noTiM KopoJiena 3 naHHOIO MOJio.u.mo i 3 yciMa naHHaMH i1 TaM TaHu,IOBaJIM a>K .u.o ae'llopa. DoTiM naHHY 6yno npone.n.eHo .u.o JIO)Ka, i II BiMasas iMeHeM KOpOJI.R KOpOHHHM MapWaJJOK, a Bi)J. naHa MOJIO,l(Oro ,l(.HKyBaB KpaKiBCbKMH €DMCKon. Ha .u.pyr11i1 .u.eHh, TPHHa,l(U.SITOro 'liHCJia u,horo )K MiC$1I.J,$1, nepe.u. o6i.l(OM 6yJIM BiMaHi si.u. reThMaHa no,nap yHKH naHHi Mono.u.ii1 qepe3 caH.U.OMHpCbKoro J<awTeJI$1Ha: 3an.11cHy KHMry [?] (manuelle) 3 .noporou,iHH.HM KaMiHH$1M, /I (c. 222) JiaHu,IorH, pi3Hi Ky6K.H, napqa i3 30JIOTOM i cpi6JIOM Ha want. I1oTiM ni.n Kopomi i ai.n KopoJieB.H, noTiM si.n. BHI.l\e3ra,uaH.HX KHH3ia noCJIM, spewTi i1 si.u. naHiB, i si.n. 6e3nocepe.ZJ.Hho npHCYTHix, i 'llepe3 nocnia. BpewTi i1 nocn11 ai.n. MicT i nponiHu,ii1, $1Ki 6a>KaJJM naHHi Mono.nii1 macT$1 3ri,nHo 3i 3BH'lla€M i sci .n.asan:.H ii1 no.n.apyHKH. BciM iM )J.Heysas KpHwTocp P;u3HBiJIJI, KHSI3b Ha ,ll;y6.HHKax i Ha Eip)Kax, TPOU.hKHM KawTeJIHH. TaM 3HOny niCJI.SI o6itcy 6yJIM pi3Hi TaH:r(i, TaKO)K i Ha TpeTiM ,neHb. flOTiM KOpoJib si.u.'ixas )1.0 HenoJIOMHI.J,b, .u.e 3ai1MaBC$1 llOJIIOBaHH.SIM. reTbMaH >Ke npoBO)J.HB cy.u.osi pO'liKH .SIK CTapOCTa U,bOrO MicQ.SI. f10TiM, Ha TpeTiH)J.eHb, KOJIH KOpOJib npH'ixan 3 HenoJIOMHQb, sci naHone 3'lxanMC$1 .u.o Hboro i MaJIH po3Mony npo cnpan11 Pe'lli IlocnoJI.HTOI. HacaMnepe,l( caM naH reTbMaH, a6o >K KaHQJiep, .n;ocHTh .n;o6pe BMKJia,n;an sci noTpe6u i npo6JieMH Pe'lli TiocnoJIHTOi, a noTiM KO)f(eH 3ri.n.Ho 3i csoiM MicQeM rosop11s Te, mo .u.}'MaB. TaK npOT$1rOM Qinoro TM>KHSI a>K ,l(O He,zJ,iJii 3 ''i:>K)J.)f(aJIMC$1 Ha paHiWHi 3aci)J.aHHSI y 3aMKOB.HH naJJau; ,li,O KOpOJI$1. floTiM, y He,ll,iJIIO, KOpOJib 3 KOpOJieBOIO i sci B.Hme3ra)J.aHi naHOBe, TaKO)K i DOCJIH, 6yJIH 3anpomeHi reTbMaHOM Ha o6i,ll, i npHHWJI.H ,li,O 3aJIY, cneu;iaJJbHO .lVIH u;boro 36y.noaaHoro neJIHKHM KOiliTOM y 3aMKY Ha Pa6mTHHi. U.eif 3aJI npeKpaCHO 06JialliTOBaHHM $1K MaHCTepHHM MaJIIOBaHHHM, TaK i KOIDTOBHOIO o66MBKOIO. IJepe.n BXOJ(OM J(O 3aJIY Mi)f( CTOBDaMH 6yJIM BHpi3b6JieHi )J.Bi nepcoHu: Mapc- npaaopyq, a Jiinopyq- )f(iHKa, .SIKa TPHMaJia iucumii nepeMOZU (signa victorie), a scepe,li,HHi 6yJia MaiicTepHo HaMaJihOBaHa sea icropiH npo B3HTTH Ilpo3epniHH. HanpoTM .u.aepeif 3Ha.xO.U.HBC$1 KoponiacbKHH TpoH, o66HTHH 30JIOToM, Ha.A cToJioM KopoJiiBCbKi rep6n, He,ll,a.JieKo si.l( )J.Bepeif: - CJI}')f(60Be npHMimeHHH, llOBHe .l(O CaMoro sepxy KOIIITOBHHX K}'t)KiB, HKi MO)f(Ha OQiHHTM y llOHa,l( CTO THCH'll 3JIOTHX. TaKHM )f(e 'liHHOM, HK MHfiYJIOi He,n;iJii, sci Qi rocTi c11.n;iJIH 6iJIH CToJiis; nicJIH o6i.n:y 6ynu irpn Ta pi3Hi WT)'KH, HanpHKiHI.d o6i.u.y 6yJIH si.zmaHi no.nap}'HKH si.n reThMaHa, a6o )f( naHa MoJio.n;oro. HacaMnepe.n: KopoJIIO niH 9J{ypHipu ii npui)yMDHi no.n;apysaa KOH$1 3i CBOro Ta6yHa, KOTpHH KpacoiO Ta )J.OCTOIHCTBaMH 6ys wm!f'@ no.n:i6Hnif .AO )J.)f(aHeTa; I<oponesi ) I ( - cneuianhHHH ey6oK, 3 KoTporo caM n11s 3a 3.zt0poB'H KOpoJIH iii CaMOI iT. )J., TO)J.i, KOJIH 6ys 3 BiHCbKOM .HK reTbMaH, DOCTaBJieHHH KOpOJieM, ni.zt llCKOBOM. IloriM iHWMM CBOIM rOCTHM, naHaM

247

KHMrA I i naH.RM Ta ar~aHHM noCJiaM ~as aonoTi nop-ryranH, Ha KoTpHx 6yno ao6pa*eHH.R o6JIH'i"l.R Kopon.R, aHa ~pyroM}' 6o~i- <Pirypa, ~o aacMyl.JeHa qepe3 B3.RTT.R llono~hKa Ta IH<j>JI.RH~ChKoi aeMJii, i T. ~. llicn.R o6my 6ynu TaH~i. a ni~ Be"li p - <J>eepsepK. HacaMnepe~ npHHIIIJIH ~Bi niwi poTH, o~.RrHeHi no-cTapocsiTCbKH B J.fyapi umtyi(Jl 30BciM 6JIHCK}"'i KipacH, KOTpi , niWKH npOCTfiO"'H, JiaMaJIH (s llO€~HHKf] cnucH, a ~e.RKi 36poero <J>exrysaJIH, Ha n~o Koponh 3 Koponesoro I I (c. 223) i Sci fOCTi ~OBfO SHO"li J..QaCJIHBO ~HBHJIHCb. Ha .npyruw ,neHh Koponb i nci naHone, BHHillOBWH a pa,n11, np116ynu .no

3,.4«azaHHJl i ;I(]Jmpo·

~boro * 6y.n;HHKY Ha o6i~

i Ha seqepro. lliCJI.R seqepi, KOJIH y scix CTas no-

KpanzyaaTHC.R HaCTpiH, SHCTfllHJIH Hi6H 3 He6a KiJibKa 6oriB Ta 60rHHb, KOWTOSHO s6paHHX. BoHH cno"laTKY snalllrysanH Mi)K co6oro pi3Hi TaHQi, noTiM KOpOJISl i 3aMOHCbKOrO, naHa MOJIO~OfO , Ha l.leCTb KOTporo, SJiaCHe, Te po6HJIH, TaKO)K i naHHY MOJio.ny, npHsiTanH i1 no3.nopoBHJIH, TaHQIOBaJIH pa30M 3 naHaMH Ta naH.RMH. Ha TpeTii1 ,n;eHb Ha pHHKY 6yn11 pi3Hi irpHI..l\a i 'J(j>pOII'b 3MaraHH..R; BCi KaM'.RHH~i 6iJI.R KOCTbOJIY CB. Mapil 6yJIH npH3Hal.leHi /1,JIH 6 iJoMi 'lifnizllepa naHis i naHb, oco6JIHBO o,n;Ha y RHa Illnirnepa, MiJ..QaHHHa i pawn;i, y KOTpiii nepe6yBaB KOpOJib 3 KOponeBOIO. BiH, Tilii31.111Cb i3 TOfO, ~0 KOpOJib siABi,n;as iioro ,niM, o<f>ipysas iioMy no.napyHoK, ..RKMM Koponb HaKa3aB BJ.R™ i ~e.npo SMHaropo,n;Hs lllnirnepa CB0€10 MMJiicTIO. oyJIM Ha pHHKY nOKaJaHi ~sa CneKTaKJii: Ha O.l{HOMY 6yno 6araTO naHiB i naHb, a Ha .n;pyroMY cyMi i caM reThMaH. HacaMnepeA s 'lxaJio ciM nap Ji cnucaMH i ~HTaMH, .RKi AOCMTh 3Jiaro,n;)KeHo i MY)KHbO 3MaraJIHC..R, oco6JIH. . SO )f( reTbMaHCbKl 3 /1,e..RKHMM KOpOJilSCbKHMH JJ.BOp..RHaMM, HaCaMnepeJJ. Ban;JiaB no.nrope~bKHH , llaBJIO Pan;Ko, AH.Z()f(CM rpyA3eQbKHH, RKy6 RHKOBCbKMH, CTe<f>aH Ka3HMHpCbKHM, CTaHicJiaB ropCbKHH , llaBJIO llHcKOBCbKHH, MHKOJiaii Poro3HHChKHM, BpoHicnas OpxoBCbKHii, Mapn;iH D€pMaHCbKHH, JIKy6 MiJibKOBCbKMH, K)KHliiTO<f> npoHeHCbKHH, JIH )J.o6eK, CTaHiCJiaS QiMiHCbKMH; sci BOHH CJIY)KHJIM .HK )KQBHipH npOTH MOCKOBHTiB, l.IHMaJIO ii M}')J(HbO 6HJIMC.R npoTH soporin, a noTiM npHcTanH .l{O reTbMaHa. BoHH Ma.JIH npanop11 ni.n; reThMaHCbKHM rep6oM TpboMa Hapi3KaMH [?], Ha KOTpHx 6ys HanHcaHHH 01~ei1 Tei<cT: Cernit et audet item utraq. Civis. KoJIH BCi ci,n;aJIH Ha KOHeH nepeJJ. ll0€,ZJ;HHKaMH, TO OJJ.HC O)J.HOfO nepenpornyBaJIH, .RK~o XTOCb BHnaJJ.KOBO 6yl.(e He~acJIHBO nopaHeHHH a6o, 6opoHH oo)Ke, n6MTHH, i BOHM Qe JanqacHo npo6a"laJIH o.nHe o,n;HOM)'. Ha QhOM}' irp11~i 6yJio KiJihKa nopaHeHHX, .RK-OT i rpyJJ.JHHCbKHH, KOTpOMy CllHCOM 6yno npo6HTO pyKy, TaKO)K 6yn T.H)J<Ko nopaHeHHH y nneqe KaJHMupcbKHH , ni.n MinhKOBChi<HM 6yno nopaHeHo KOH.R, ni;~ )J.o6KOM 6y;w n6wro KOH.R, iioMy 1)'T )Ke reThMaH HaKaJan siMaTM cn01·o, .no6pe y6paHoro, Ha KoTpoMy caM cH.nis. RK TiJibKH ~e 3MaraHH.R CKiH"lHJIOC.H, npHIXaS Ha nJiai~ Ha KOHi O,ZJ;HH M)')K, n6paHHH .HK nerp, npoc.R"'H cy.zudn, KOTpi CH,ninH in seorsivo spectaculo, ~o6 .UOJBOJIHJIH npHixaTH Ha QCH nJiaQ iioro naHy. KoJIH HOMY 6yno .naHO Ha Qe /1,03BiJI, MHKOJ13H BOJibCbKHH, KOTpHH 6yn TO)J.i KOpOHHI1M MCl.JHI1KOM, KWeni~hKHH CTapOCTa, BHIXaB, n6paHHH no-HerpHT1IHCbi<lf, y nOJOJIOl.JCHiH KapeTi, 3 yciM nO"lTOM. Cnepe.ny 6yna [HaMaJibODaHa] naHHa, ni.nnepTa rep-

248

KHMrA I 6oM ).(OMY 3aMOHCI~KUX, a 33a/l.y- oiJII1H open y KopoHi, Ha mdi1 6yno KOponiDChKe iM '.H I I (c. 224) He:u mcaHe Ho-rpeuhi<H CTeq>an: (Stephanos), a 3 poTa BMXOJJ.HJm cJiona: «Regni ac Triumphi nomen et omen», a Ha cn11cax 6yn HanHcaHuH TaKni1 TeKcT: «Rectis belli pacisque consillis». 3a naHHOIO -rniiJJH My)Ki, s6paHi llO-HerpnT.HHChKH, 3 naHU.HpaMH, 3p06JieHHMH 3 nOnOTHa, Hy BiHU..HX. 3a HIIMH HWOB CJIOH, Ha xpe6Ti y RKOfO CTORJia 6auJTa, 3 KOTpol BHnycKa.TIHOI pi3HOMaHiTHi cpeEpnepKH. 3onoTe pyHo ne3JIH HerpH Ha Tpbox sep6mo.n.a.x. EyJio niciM cypMa"tJiB, s6paHHX TaKO)K no-Herpi1TRHChKM. OoTiM MnKoJiai13e6)Kli.ZJ.OBCbKMH i3 3e6)f<M.ZJ.OBMI~h, .HKMH 6yn To.n.i CTeH)KHUbKHM CTapocToiO, yoco6JIJOIO"tJH CaTYpHa, npi·I ixas Ha U.JO nnouzy .HK pHu.ap 3onoToro BiKY. KapeTY T.Hri-I)'JII1.ZJ.eHb i Hi"tJ .n.samt.D.U.11Tb 6in11x i cTinhKH )f< "tiOpHHX ,n.iTei1, "tJY.D.OBO B6paHHX B aTnaCHi maTH, Ha .HKMX 6yJIH 306pa)f<eHi 3ipKH; 6i..Jii .n.iTH M1IlJJH3 npanoro 6oKy, a qopHi- 3 ninoro 6or<y, i 6yJIH nci BOHH 3B'113aHi naHIJ.IO)KKaMM; Bci BOHM HeCnH Ha rononax rO.n,HHHHKH. Y KapeTi CH.lJ.iB Camypn (Saturnus) 3 CHBOIO 6opo.n.o10, .HKMH TPI1Mas y pyKax Kocy .HK 36po10; Te.unyc (Tempus) scix noraH.HB, TPMMaJO"tJH ro.n.MHHMK Ha roJiosi; Ha nonosHHi Ka peTa CM.l(is Cyiniou (Scipio), .HI<Mi1 TPMMaB y pyui senHI<HH 3onoTMM K}'IIOJI, ~o 3HaMeHYsas 30JIOTHH nii< 3a na"YnaHHH Kopon.H CTe<}JaHa. TioTiM Ha U.IO )I( nJiollJ,y BMixas GraHicJias MiHcbKHM, KOTpHi1 Mas Ha Kapcri yoco6neHHH IOniTepa i1 MiHepsH. U.H Kape-ra 6yna [He Ha KOJiecax, a] Ha c<}Jepax, BKpHTHX XMapaMH, MaHCTepHO 3p06JieHHMH 3 6aBOBHH; II T.HrHynH TPH opJIH. IOniTep cH.n.is 3 npasoro 6oKy, nepe.l( HHM cTpamHo 6nuc' . . I<a.TIO llOJIYM .H; BOHO .ZJ.OC.HrHyJIO 0/.I.Hl€1 XMapH, 1 Ta O.l(pa3y )I{ llO'tlaJia TaK ropiTH, lll,O 6or 3 6orHHeiO ne.l(se BTeKJIH 3 u.iEi KapeTH, o.n;HaK nonyM' .H aaracHJIH. IOniTep 3 MiHepsoiO TPHMaJIH rHi3.l(O, Ha .HKOMY CH,n;in 6inui1 open. U:e oaHa'tlaJIO, mo ni.n; ixHLOIO o6opoHOIO a6o .n;onoMoroiO, .HK .l(fMaJIH H3H'tiHHKH, .D.ep)Kasn MaJIH MHpHo KepysaTHCH. OcKiJILKH )I{ U.HM 6oraM paHiwe 6yno o<}>iponaHO opna, KOTporo TionbCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO MaE Ha rep6i, CHMBOJii3yiOl.IH Te, llJ,O BOHH CaMi BJiaCHopyq BiAn;aJIH HOfO IJ,bOM}' KOpOJIIO, llJ,O nomupHJIHC.H CJiasa i1 ~acn1 s KoponiscTBi BHaCJii.n;oK maCJiusol 3BHT.HrH Ha)]; BCiMa BOporaMH, a BOHH, Tilllal.IHCb i3 IJ,bOrO, 3iHWnH 3 He6a Ha 3eMJIIO, o6iiJ,JIIOl.IH llJ,aCJIHBHH ycnix i B Mai16yTHbOM}'. Byna :H KapeTa oco6JIHBO apo6neaa, aaMiCTb KOJiic noaa ixana Ha l.IOTH· pLox c<}>epax. Ha uiii 6yno 3o6pa)Keue no.n;iJieae aa l.IOTHpu qacTHHH ae6o )KHTJIO u,ux 6oris. Ha KO)KHiH c<}>epi- Tpu He6ecaux aHaKH ia 3ipKaMH, KOTpi 3B}'TLCH ana1ca.Mu 3oiJia'Ky (signa Zodiaci), KpiM caMoro IOniTepa, KOTpiH CHJJ;iB y KapeTi. BeJIH ii 4 caTHpH, a npH HHX 6ys pnu,ap B oco6i KO"' pon.R BeoTii AproHTa, KoTpHH TPHMaB y nisi:H py~i ~HT, Ha JIICOMY 6yno 306pa)KeHO ).J;Ba DOJIJI, 6iJie H >KOBTe; a B npaBiH py~i BiH TpHMaB ABa JIWiy•

225) si;l6HDaB si.A ce6e; MaB niH Ta.KO* TaKHH Hannc: <<Aecquirit, Habet, Spernib>. Ora.HiCJiaD )l(oJIKCBCbKHH, BOEBO).J;Hl.l 6eJI3bKHii, BHiXaB y ICOCTIOMi MHC· Ka, O.D;He CTHCKaB, .D;pyre xanas, a TpeTe aoro10

(c.

JIHBH~i ,l(iaHH, CHMBOJiiJYIOl.IH l.UfM, llJ,O KOpOJib DiCJI.SI BiHHH, Bi.ADO'IHBaJO-

'IH B MHpi, HaHOXO'IiWe 3aHMaBCJI MUCJIHBCTBOM. BiH Ma.B Ha co6i 3CJICHHH O)VIf, a npH co6i- l.IOTHpHaA~T& HiMcp, KOTpi BCJIH XOpTiB, fOH'IHX i )J;BOX

249

ln8enljii cy6me/l ,_,IU J( :!1Capmi8

KHMrA I OJieHiB, Bci BOHH 6yJIH 'llHCTO H KOiliTOBHO B.l{HrHeHi. BHHBHBiliH CBOIO pa,n.icTb KOpOJIIO, t(iaua Bi,n'ixana B6iK Ha KOHi. 0,npa3y )I{ 3a HeiO BHBeJIR r.Mocl(96· «MocKOBCbKHH TpiyMq>», KOTpH:H 6ya npHrOToaannii TaKHM 'llHHOM. Be3JIH Ct>I(JJU

mpi!JM¢• 6paMy si.n Baiicoaoi KaM'HHHI.d .no I.li€i n.11ou.d, ~o6 no6aqua KopoJib, HKHH cu,nia y lllnirJiepoai:H KaM'HHHQi. Ha.n 6paMOIO 6ya uanHc: «CTecpan, Koponb llOJibCbKHH, BeJIHKHH KH.H3b JIHTOBCbKHH, nepeMO)I{el.lb MOCKOBHTiB, TpiyM· cpaTop, TOM, ~o noaepnya DoJIOQbK, Jliaoni10 i JIHTBY» ( <<Stephano regi pol.;

mag.; due.; Lituaniae, moschovitico victori triumphatori, Polocia, Livoniaque receptis et Lituanie finibus probatis, S. P. Z. P.» ). Cnpaaa 6ya TaKHH TeKcT: «BeJIHKO.leylliHicTIO i MHJiocep.nHM». 3JiiBa- «He naapo'll». Ha npaBOM}' 6oQi 6y.11o nanncauo: «CJiaaa He BMi~y€TbCH ani B PHMi». Ana JiiBOM}': «AHi y CBiTi». KoJIH ri npHKOTHJIH anpHTfJI .no nJIO~i. TO cnoqaTKY BHUIIIJIO KiJibKa,neCHT nilliHX JIIO,ZJ;eH, rapHO B6paHHX, Hi6H .HKiCb )I{OBHipH. 3a HRMR UIWIH cypMa'lli, a niCJIH HHX neCJIH TYT )l{e npanopH a6o BO€HHi 3HaKn. DoriM HWJia KiHHOTa, nepe.n HKOIO poTMicTpH, a nonepe.ny acix 36po€HOCeQb, ai.nnoai.nHo B,ZJ;HrHeHHii. BcH nixoTa 6yJia a6pana no-cTapocaiTcbKH 3 no3oJioqenRMH mecpeJiiHaMH (szefeliny). IloTiM ae3JIH ua TPbOX ao3ax aneropiio acix QHX BiUCbKOBHX cnpaB, KOTpi npOTHrOM OCTaHHiX TpbOX poKiB 6yJIH B"lRHeHi y MocKOBCbKiM 3eMJii, T06To B3HTTH MicT i 3aMKiB, piK Ta JiiciB, qepe3 KoTpi nepenpaBJIHJIHCH aiiicbKa, o6Jioru i1 IliTfPMH 3aMKiB. Ha iHWHX B03ax ae3JIH naHQHpi, ma6Jii, ~HTH, CI1HCH, poraTHHH Ta iHmy pi3HY MOCKOBCbKY 36po10, 3a HHMH MlliJIH JIIO.ZJ;H o6ox CTaHiB HK a ' H3Hi, Be3JIH ii aeJIHKY 3.l{06H"l, I~Wc.,1(1Ji a6o Tpocpel. lucpJI.SIH,ZJ;CbKa 3eMJI.SI 6yJia npe.ncTaBJieHa B o6pa3i rapuo a6paJtM.IIi conterset uoi )l{iHKH y 3eJieHOMy BiHQi ua wupoKoMy noJii, 6o BC.SI QH Kpaina 6yna Bi.ZJ;BOUOBaHa, a MOCKOBHT Jie)KaB y Hei ni,n HOraMH. 3a QHMH BciMa UlliJIH My)l{i, KOTpi llHJibHyaaJIH 3a THM, ~06 JIIO.l{H He HaTI1CKaJIH. 3a HHMH IXaJia KOiliTOBHa KapeTa, HaUBHI.l.\a 3 ycix KapeT, HKf Be3JIH "lOTHpH 6iJIHX KOHH. Cnepe.ny 6iJIH KapeTH 6iJIHH opeJI BHTHrnys WHIO, Ha Koni cu.nis M}')K 3 JIY· KOM, a 33a,ZJ;f nanna, KOTpa y npaaiii pyQi TPHMaJia aineQb, a y Jiiaiii KoJioc. 33a.ZJ;Y B03Y 6yJio TPH cnucu, si.n HKHX THrJiocH TPH JiaHQIOrH: O.ZJ;HHM aeJIHKHM JiaHQIOrOM 6ya npHB '.H3aHHU MOCKOBHT, a 3a B030M THrJiaC.H 10p6a a'H3HiB, a6paHHX 00-MOCKOBCbKH: reTbMaHH, BO€BO.l{H, B3.SITi B llOJIOH B IucpJIHH,ZJ;ii, ni.n IloJIOQbKOM, ni.n CoKOJIOM, BenHKHMH JiyKaMH, ni.n 3aaoJIO"leM Ta B iHWHX MicQHX. 3a HHMH limos /I (c. 226) npocTOJIIO.ZJ;. A 3a QHMH BciMa UWOB 6Jia3eHb, KOTpHif CMi.HBCH 3 QHX nepmHX rop.ZJ;HX llOJIOHeHHX (?) i 3 IXHbOI HenpHCTOMHOI «CMiJIHBOCTi», i 3 BeJIHKOrO KHH3H MOCKOBCbKOro. EiJIH B03in Mi)K QHMH B' H3HHMH iiWJIH )KiHKH 3 JiaMna,ZJ;aMH, 3 KoTpux BHXO,ZJ;HB oco6JIHBHH apoMaT. BpemTi tiwnu My)KHKH, sci y aiHQHX. A QeH TpiyMcp BHBeJIH KHH3i CJiyQbKi, pi.ZJ;Hi 6paTH, ,ZJ;HHaCTiH HKHX no qoJIOBi"liH JiiHii D)Ke BHracna. Tyr )Ke 3a HHMM BHixaa :HoaxHM 0QecbKHH Ha KapeTi, B HKy 6yJIO 3anpH)KeHO WeCTepo KOHeH 3 np11po6neHHMH KpHJiaMH. Cu.nis na KapeTi roJIMii Kynioou3 Kf"'epHBMM BOJIOCCHM, HKMM MaB 3aa'H3aHi O"'i, aHa nneqi BHciB caraii.naK. EiJIH Hhoro cniBaJIH .ny)Ke rapHi xnon'HTa, a 3 060X 6oKiB 6iJI.SI KapeTH ropiJIH «CBi"'KM», 3 HKMX "'aCTO BHJiiTaJIH cpe€pnepKH. O.npa3y )I( nicJIH Qboro DHixana BeHepa na .nsox KMTax, .HKa cu.niJia y

250

KHHrA I MOpCbKiH paKODI1Hi i TPHMaJia napHca, 38, .SI3aHoro JiaHU.IOrOM. IJ.e DHBeJIH JIH i DeTpo MHIUKODCbKi, nJieMiHHHKH KpaKiBCbKoro €nHcKona D eTpa. BoHH CDOIM 3aMHCJIOM Ta Kpacmo nepesH~YDaJIH 6araTbOX iHWHX. HacaMnepe.n. MUJJIH rapHo i1 KOUJTOBHO s6paHi M)'3HKH, 3a HHMH- 'IOTHPM cypMatJi y JKOBTOMY Ta 6iJIOMY aTJiaci. Y KMTiD 3 O'IeH Ta poTiB 6pM3KaJia apoMaTHa so.n.a Ha mo.n.eii, KoTpi THCHYJIMCH .n.osKoJia, a 1.\MM 6pM3KaHHHM BOHM po3mHpiOBaJIH co6i UJJIHX. Beuepa 6yna KOliiTOBHO s6paHa y 6pyHaTHY napqy, y 6iJIHM Ta JKOBTMM aJibTeM6ac, 3a HeiO IXaJIM )l.Ba naTpOHa; BOHM Bi)J.)J.aJIH cy.n.UHM 30JIOTe H6nyKo 3 HanMCOM «Hexaii npuii.Me uaiizap'Hima», HKe noTiM 6yno si.n..naHe reTbMaHoM naHHi Mono.niii. Man.11 .n.saHa)l.l.\HTb JiaKels, s6paHMX y qepBOHMM, 6iJIMM i CMHiM aTJiac, MliiJIM 'IOTMpM KOH.SI, Ha HKMX 6yJIM nonoHH 3 6JiaKHTHoro, qepnouoro Ta JKOBToro aTJiacy, ranTosauoro 30JIOTOM. Ix BellM JKiHKH s maTax 3 KHTaMKM BMmHesoro KOJibopy. ixHi roJIOBM 6ynH rapHo s6paHi, npo ~o nHIUe mHpme Jlucm xopo.!Ul [?] Pe'lii Ilo-

cnoAumoi (?] ao Teopza l[Jpiopixa, 6pa~eu6yp3'b1C020Map1Czpa¢a, 1CWl3R 6 Jlfryccii" (Epistola R. H. S. R. ad Ge01gium Fridericum Marchionem Brandeburgensem in Prussia Ducem ). 1

llicJIH nepeHeCeHHH 3a Ki.n:bKa)J.HiB 1.\i naHOBe p03 IXaJIHCH, TaKOJK i KOpOJib qepe3 .n.e»KMM 'Iac, 3a6asHBIUHCb y HenoJIOMHL\HX noJIIOBaHHHM, y KOTPOM}' 3aBJK,Z:J;M KoxascH, BMixas .n.o JlMTBH. Qhoro JK poKy noMepna lliBe)l.CbKa Koponesa, naui HMHilllHboro Hamoro naHa.

g-(o.Mtp!la wJJeacbl(a l(opoJU8a

IJ;boro iK poey noMep MarH}'C, 6paT .n.aTCbKoro KoponH. Poey 1584 npHRlllJia HOBHHa npo CMepTb MOCKOBCbKOrO KH.SI3.SI, nicJI.SI 'IOro noMepno ii Harne nepeMHp' H 3 HHM. CTaB Kopollb rorysaTHCH .n.o siiiHM, MaiO'liM CJIYIIIH}' Haro.n.y, ane QbOM)' nepemKO)l.HJIM BHYTPilliHi rypHi- 1\pH/JiliJ(!n J ao.Mo.M pH :H yco6Hl.\i 3 )l.OMOM 36opoBCbKMX. I Tax, BBaJKaii, 1.\i.n:Mii pix TnrnacH 1.\H 36opo8cb~ cnpasa. lloTiM 'Iepe3 pix Koponb npHixas .n.o Kpaxosa, si.nnpaBJIHB cy.n., I I (c. 227) TaKoiK ryp6ysascH npo ceMHropo.n.chKi cnpasH. Poey 1586 KOpOJib Bi)J.npaBMB )1.0 OTL\H nanH CBOro nJieMiHHHJ<a.Ali.JJ.JKe.SI EaTopiH, 11.\06 TOM Bi)J. iMeHi XOpOJI.SI nop03YMiBC.SI 3 HHM npo MOCXOBCbKY BiHH}'' JKa)J.aiO'lJH rpolliOBOi )l.OllOMOri1 Ha 1.\10 BiHH}'. I KOJIH 6 HOM)' rocnO)l.b Eor )l.ODOMir y 3aBOIOBaHHi MOCXOBCbXOi 3eMJii, TO BapTO 6yJio 6 llO.llYMaTM npo ll.lOCb 6iJibme 3apa.nH .n.o6pa BCboro xpHcTHHHCTBa. Cs. oTel.\b o6iQRB HOM)' B !.\hOM)' cso10 ,nonoMory siHCbKOM Ta rpomMMa. A xoponb, He tcyMaIOqH Hi npo ll.lO 6iJibme, KpiM BiHHH, BHPYlliHB .no JlHTBH. lli.n qac uoro nepe6ysaHHH TaM, y rpo,nHi, O)J.HOrO pa3y TpanWIOC.SI TaX, lllO, noixaBlliH y caHHX Ha noJIIOBaHHH, TpoxH He BTOnHBCH s 03epi. To.n.i 3JiaManaca O):\Ha cropoHa CaHeH, a BiH BHnaB 3 HHX ,npyro10 CTOpOHOIO Ha Jii)J., i CaM llOB3 reTb Bi):\ QbOrO MicQR, CaHH Jie)J.Be Bp.SI'I)'BaJIH. )KHBYtJH B JIHTBi, BiH HaropO.z:\JKYBaB si.n. iMeui Peqi nocnoJIHToi )l.o6pe 3acnyJKeHHX soiHiB, cxHJIJIIOqu .D.O BiHHH JIHTOBCbXHX naHiB, roryiO'IHCb )J.O MaH6}'THbOi BiHHH, ll.l06 Ta ,l\06-

pe npoifwna, 3 nauaMH o6ox uaqiii. 1586 poey siH 3axsopis i Qboro poxy, npOXBopiBWH TiJibKH 'IOTHpH )l.Hi, hOMep )J.BaH~QJITOrO rpy.AHSJ;

251

KHHrA I XPpo11~

no.4rep

oTO>K, MU xoqeMo TaK, a focno.u.h Eor t.IUHUTb iHaKme. My.npi JIIOJJ.H Ha3M· BaJIH TPH npHt.IHHH i1oro cMepTi: Ha,lJ.MipHi .u.yMKH npo nii1Hy, MeJJaHXOJii11 y rHiBi u Te, l.l(O niH nepeMep3 Ha noJIIOBaHHi, 6o KopoJib i paHirne xsopia Ha HOrl1. A 3 THX nplil.IMH, JIKi HOrO 3arHaJIH B MOrHJiy, oiJna 6yiJo-1W.MJ 80a:HCO.JWCJl6UnaiJ'K06010, eona u 6yAa uauzipmo1o, U&O eiu panmoeo (ne npuuWLew.u CeRmux Tai'u), 6ys cxonJieHI1H cMepTIO i noMep y fpo.u.Hi Ta 6ya npHBe3e· HHH .u.o KpaKona. BiH 6ys noxosaHI1M ypo'IMCTO i 3 noqecTHMH, 3 seJII1KMM

:::Kum1TI.Il l(fJpo!Ul

>KaJieM BCiX KOpOHHMX naHiB, y KanJIIUJ;i 3aMKY 3a BeJIMKMM BiBTapeM y KOCThOJii cs. CTaHicJJana. Ue 6yn naH M)'.U.pHi1, Bt.IeHMH, KOTpMi1 3HaB KiJihKa MOB, a JiaTMHCbKa TaK •

Cnretjana HOMY nacynaJia, l.l(O KOJIM BIH moch ronop11s, To CJIOBa JJ.y:>Ke rapHo JIMJIMCH

3 HOrO sycT; y DCHKMX CHryal.\iHX BiH 6yn 3aB:>K,lJ.I1 CHJibHMM.ZJ.yxOM, MaB BeJIJ1KI1H po3yM i nepe.u.6a'IJIMBicTh. BiH 6ya BMCOKHM i .u.ocMTh KpacHBMM pyM'H· HMH 6piOHeT, Mas BHJJ.OB:>KeHe o6JIM'It.I.R, BOJiocc.s~ qopHe, a 3y611 JJ.HBOBM:>KHO 6iJii; KiHei.J;b HOCa 6ys Kp11BI1M, 3 TaKHM CaMHM HOCOM 3BMt.IaHHO MaJIIOIOTh ATTiJiy. BiH Hapo.ZJ.MBC.R 1533 pm(y, )f(HB TiJihKM 11.0 54 poKiB, KopoJIIOBaB 10 poKiB, ciM Micm~is i 12 ,lJ.Hin.

CHri3MYH,l(

(c. 228)

TPETIH

9To c.Mepmi Cmeif;ana, na..M 'slmHozo y Bil(flit 3no6y 1\ppOH-a Jac.MymWiacJC. g["lCJIJl Buc.!lofJ.nenHJl piJHU;r_ (}y.Mo1(Calvt. :TocnoOv 'Eoz 'Bce.MozymHiii 3mJCHyfJCfl CfJoi.M cfJJCmu.M OI({J.M, npazHy'lu iJono.Mozmu 3o.!lomiii no.!lbcbl(ju c8o6o0i, u JZeZ1(9 y,e JOizlcHufJ

252

1{1-IllrA I 91Tu.MJ UJO iJa/3 6ci.M. .Mup i 8-m~. Yt n ano.At i:M npuJna-zu8 CuziJA1.yniJa 9llpembOlO, ?({Jpolle6u-za, .5l.1(JIU no?(OOumb J ()o.My 5l.zeMoni8. 'Bin, 8JJL6tuu Ujac.JLu8o 1(SJpoAi8cb1(UU ct(jnemp, t])y:Hce 66oAi6aw-zu 3a 1\pUfJOu ?(oponu, 9Tauye 8 Cap.Mamii, oaw-zu JUamu cEJof.M. npu1(!Laoo.M, fl1(a cnpa8a c ziauow 1(9poJZi8cb1(SJi oco6u. POKY ni.n. Pi3.n:na focno.n:a XpHcTa

1587

CuriJMyH.n: TpeTiH, CI1H wne)J.CbKoro Kop01151 JlHa si)J. nOJibCbKOI KopoJiiDHH KaTapi1HH, .UO'-IK11 Cl1ri3MyH)J.a nepmoro I

(c.

229) i cecTp11 CMri3MyH.n:a

AnrycTa, nOJibCbKHX KopoJiiB, 6yn o6pa1-mw Ha OOJibCbKe KopoJiiBcTBO no CMCpTi CTeq>aHa EaTopi51. BiH qepe3 BMCOKO)J.OCTOMHOro B rocno.zr.i XpMCTi OTL\51 11 naHa CTaHicJiana KapHKOBChKOro, rH€3HeHCbKoro apxienMcKona, 6ya KOpOHOBaHMM

27 rpy)J.H.H

y Kaq>e.zr.paJibHOMY KOCTbOJii Ha JaMKY B Kpa-

KOBi Jfi,UHO Ji CTapo.zr.asHiM 3BI1'-Ia€M i CBHTOXBaJibHMMM o6p.H)J.aMM, KOTpi CB.HTa xpMCTM.HHCbKa UepKBa 3 aeJIMKHM Ha6mKeHCTBOM npocTOJIIO)J.y ni.zr. qac TaKoro CB.HT06JIMBOrO aKTY Tpa)J.Hl"(iHHO i ri)J.HO '-IMHHTb.

Cnoci6 i nopn)l;OK Toro, HK KopoHy€TLCH HaiislcHiiiuurll •

...,

•

1 HenepeMOJKHHH flOJILCLKHH KOpOJIL 3r1~HO •

•

•••

•

31 CTapo~aBH1M 3BHqaeM; 11K1 :qepeMOHll Tpa)l;H:QIHHO

Bi~6ysaiOTLC11 ni)J; qac :QbOrO CB11T06JIHBOrO o6pMY HacaMnepe.n cxo.n..HTbCH EnMCKOIIH, a6aTH, iHq>yJiaTM, KopoHHi pa)J.a :H ceHaT, TaKO)I( iHwi ,nMrHiTapil i1 iHW11H ,uyxoaHHH Ta caiTCbKMH ypM, KOTPOMY HaJie:>KMTb 6paTM yqacTh y TaKOMY JHa'-IHOMY aKTi, oco6JIHBO )I( 3 KpaKiBCbKOi

...

.UtO~eau;

. ,..

BCl BOHH IIOBMHHl 3 IXaTMCH Ha rrpM3Ha"tleHMH )J.eHb

·-

KOpOHa~ll.

To.zr.i o6paHHtf y)l(e KOp0.11b roryeTbCH -qepe3 CB. CIIOBi)J.b, MHJIOCTMHIO, IIOK}'TY, HaHCBRTillle JipM"tlaCTR sa ,n:eHb )1.0 CBO€I KOpOHa~ii, KOTpa 6ysae y He)J.iJibHMH )J.eHb.

A Ha ):(pyrMii .n;eHh, B RKMM :Horo MaiOTb 6JiarocJIOBMTM,

CX0)1.MTbCR BCe .n:yxoseHCTBO .n:y:>Ke paHO Ha 3aMOK ):(0 Ka$e):(paJibHOrO KOCTbOJIY CB. CTaHiCJiaBa, y6paBlllMCb B O)J.Rr, HaJie)I(HMH )1.0 TaKOi CBRT06JIHBOCri i BJHBmH ai.n;noai)J.Hi caoi uepKOBHi pe'-li. TaKo:>K i ceHaTOpH fl KOpoHHi rraHH 6ynaiOTb y l\bOM}' si6paHHi MaH)I(e sci. KoJIM ace ue anopHJl:IC}'ETLCSI, apxierrHCKOn 3 yciM )J.fXOBeHCTBOM H)J.fTL npouecieiO y neBHOMY nopMIC}' 3 yciM HaJie)I(HMM )1.0 TaKoro CBSIT06JIHBOrO aKry 3ri)J.HO 3i 3BH'Ia€M i HafKOIO KaTOJIMQbKOI qepKBM; BOHH M)J.YTb 3 BeJIMKOIO ypol.IHCTicTIO

H Ha6o)l(eH-

CTBOM 3 KOCTbOJIY Ha 3aMOK )J;O KOpOJiiBCbKOfO UaJiarzy. TaM )l(e nepe,n; UaJia~OM 3aJIHlllaiOTb lllKOJIRpiB Ta iHlllHX oci6, RKi 3BH"tlai%HO 6epyrL yqacTb

npoueciHX, a ):(0 IIaJia~y BXO):(RTb TiJibKH CaMi €IIHCKOIIH 3 apXi€IIHCI<OIIOM, IU06 npoBeCTH HOBOrO KOpOJIH )1.0 Ka$e.n:paJILHOf0 I<OCTbOJif Ha MicUe HOrO KOpOHauii. KopoJIH )K HaCaMnepe)J. BeJIHKHH MapWaJIOI< KOpOHHHH a6o HaHBHIUa ,n;yxoBHa OC06a, a6paHa B cyJILQSITH

253

(sulciaty),

pyKaBHQi, ni.n:pH3HHK

!Tfo6uHHUrTUI 1(9JJOJIJI,

nepeo

J(JJpOHll~IO

~eprcptmi ytpt).WHU

nepea J(JJpOHil~IO

KHHrA I (alb((), CTHxap (dalmatykC(), nenepHH}' (kapC() i B iHwe s6paHHJI enHCKona, HaJie::>KHe ~0 l.li€i no~ii, CTaBJIJITb llOMi::>K KHR3iB Ta HaMBa::>KJIHBilllHX naHiB, X9po11i8· Cb'@U oUJlZ

apxienHCKOll KpOllHTb iioro CBJI'ieHOIO 80~010 i BMrOJIOWY€ MOJIHTBY ( coi-

nepw

(c. 230) «Eo:»ee, naKpooumeJ£'b CMupmuux, YmiwumeJ£10, 3iUJ./tu CoR~

1\PpOHIUjiEIO

JertC(): I

20 J(yxa ua ?&'bOZO CMupeu1UJzo pa6a TIUJozo Cuzi3..Myuaa, UJo61tef!e3 uwzo .MU eiUttyAu Teo10 nO.Mi'll'liY npucynmicm'b y Hac». 3Bi,D.TI1 KOpOJIJI npoBO,lJ.JITb ,lJ.O KOCTbOJIY HaHBHII.{i ,n.yxosHi OC06H, npHl.IOMf o,n.MH TPMMae aa npasy PYKY, a ,n.pyrMif - 3a nisy. ITepe.n. KopoJieM O.l\HH CeHaTop Hece KOpoHy, ,n.pyrMM- CKineTp, TpeTiM- 30JIOTe JI6JiyKo, t.~eTBep THH - oroneHHH Mel.!, a noTiM H,l\e HacaMnepe.n. .l\yxoseHCTBO 3 xpecTOM, noTiM- Haiism.I.d KHJI3i, rpacp11 i1 naHH H.l\fTh csoiM nop11.l\KOM. ITpuiillloBmH ].:\0 KOCTbOJI)', KJieHH0].:\11 KOpOJiiBCbKOI BJia,D.H, KOTpi HeCJIH CeHaTOpH, KJia.zzyTb y BiBTapi. Kopon11 ::>K, ~OKH apxienHcKon i enHCKOnM He BHrOJIOCJITb csoix npoMoB, ca,l\iKaiOTh Ha TpoH. IToTiM O.l\HH 3 enHcKonis t.~HTa€ TaKY MOJIHTBy: «BceJ>wzymuiii i Bi'liuuii Eo:»ee, meopt?&'b He6a i 3e.M.JL~ Kompuii yiJocmoUi

pa6a Ceozo ua ?CopOAiecmeo, npocu.M,o Te6e, 3BO.Jt'b, UJ06 ei'li 6ye 38ia'bueuuii eiiJ 8CR?CUX 1ie11Jacm'b i aye yiJocmornuii Bi'liuoi" paiJocmi i .Mupy, iJo Jt?Cozo ei'li npuiiiJe 3aBiJR'KU Teoiu .MUAocmi 1iepe3 Xpucma, FocnoiJa 1tauwzo, G.Mi'li'b». 1fauWy8cmHJL

3aKiHl.IHBWH MOJIHTBy, BiH oco6nnso Hara,n;yE KoponiO npo sipy B Bora i1:

I(!Jp01110

no60::>KHiCTh, a ~0].:\0 iHlliHX t.~eCHOT, JIKi HaJie::>KaTh KOpoJiiBChKOMf CTaHf, KaiKe:

Qy:{.OIJuoiO

ow6o10 npo o6o8 llJOI(.

«OC'Kia'b?CU C'bozoiJui WljJe:J uami f;y'Ku, 'liaiiiJocmoii'liimuii 'K'HJl310, .MU 3eepmye.MO HOJU:HCHUU wo iJi10 3G.Micm'b Xpucma, 1tawozo CnacumeJ~,J~,, X(JI{ i mu ue ziiJ1tuii no.MaJauAA ii 1(opolli8- npuiiAAmmR 3ua?Cy Mouapuwi" B.JtaiJu, iJo6pe 6yiJe, .R.?CUJO .MU 'liazaiJaCMO mo6i npo moii c&I(!Jitty cmaHo8i rn.Rzap, Jt?Cuii npus'lia'IU!'Iio 'liecmu mo6i. Tu C'bozoiJ'Iii npuiiMa~m 31ia'Ku .MO'Iiapmoi' B.JtaiJu i 6epew ua ce6e myp6omy ynpaeMmu iJoeipeuU.M mo6i eiiJiJauU.M uapooo.M, ecmyna~ ua Be.AU'Iiuy iJM CMepmuux nocaiJy, cnoeueuy mpyiJuoUJi8, uea6UR?CUX zapyeau'b i uecnaKo?O; cnpaeiJi 6o, ?CoAu mu noMip?Cy~w. UJO BCR?Ca BAaiJa ~ eiiJ FocnoiJa Eoza, ~es Kompozo npaeMm'b .Mouapxu i 3a?CouoiJae?&i 'llUAAm-o npaeocyaa~t, i me, UJO 3a iJoeipeue mo6i cmaiJo mu eiiJnoeiiJamU.Mem nepeiJ CG.MU.M FocnoiJo.M Eozo.M, mo uaiinepme mu noeu'lieu 6epezmu 6Aaz(JI{ecmR, uw'liyeamu Focnoaa Eoza yci.Ma noMUc..tUl.MU i 'liucmU.M c~e.M, oxopoURmu xpucmURuC'b?CJ pe.Aizi1o i ?Ca77UlAU'lJlr ?CJ eipy, R?CY mu cnoeiiJyEm 3 ?COJLUC'KU aJIC iJo ?Ciu'l&Jl., 36epizamu ii" uenopymumo i 3aXUUJamu ii" yci.Ma CUAa.MU cynpomu ecix eopozie; mu noeuueu BURBJLRmu uaAeJICuy wauy iJo ?&ep?Coeuux npe.Aamie i ecix c8RUJeuu?Cie; ue ymuC'Kyii ?&ejJ'Koeuoi' ceo6oiJu, cnpaeeiJJLUBOCmi, 6e:J .R.'Koi" 00820 He MOJICe iC1tyeamu :»eoaue cycni.Jt'bCmBO; OmJICe, 'Ke· pyii 6e3iJozau1UJ eci.Ma, iJo6pux euuazopoiJ:JK:yii, Ul?CWJLUB'If,iB?Capaii uaAeJICUUM 'llUH.OM, a yiJiB, cupim, 6iiJH-ux i 'H£.Miatuux 3aXUUJaii eiiJ JCR?CUX ymuC'Kie; iJo ecix, xmo npuxoiJum'b iJo me6e, cmaeCR iJo6po3U'IiAUBO, .MUAocmueo, eianoeiiJuo iJo TIUJOzo KCJjJOAieCb'KDzo iJocmoi"ucmea, i 'llUUU ma?C, UJ06 nauyeamu ue iJJLR eAacuozo 3UC'K)~ a 3aOJLR 'Kopucmi ecwzo uapoi>y, UJOOcnoiJiBamuCR ua rJUuazopoiJy 3a ceoi' ao6poiJiR'HUR ue JLume ua 3e.wt~ a ii ua ue6i, i ue10 ca.M Eoz)/(ueuii i IJ.ap yiJocmoim'b me6e ua Bi'Ku ei'llHi». BMronocMBIIJH opaQiiO, EnMCKOn nHTa€ y Hhoro TaKHMH cnoBaMM: «Xot.~em CBRTY sipy, AaHy Bi.l\ npe,n.Kis, 36eperTn KaTOJIHQhKiH 1..\epK-

(c. 231) i CTOJITH 3a cnpase,l\JIHBiCTh, Ha.neiKHO noBO.l\HTHCJi?» Bi.l\-

nosi~h: «Xot.~y».

254

I<HHrA I «Xo"'em 6yTn oniKyHoM i o6opoHI.~eM ~epKBH i1 cnyr ~epKsH?» Bi.nnosi.n.b: «Xo"'y>). «Xo"'ew KopoJiiBCTBO, .HKe To6i .nopy"'eHe focno.noM Eo roM, TPHMaTM 3ri,nHo 3i cnpase,nJJMBiCTIO, npaBHTM HHM, 6opoHMTM M:oro?» Bi.n.nosi.nb: «Xoqy. A 3a noMi'I'IIO MHJIOCTMBoro focno.na Bora, 3a nopa,no10 csoix sipHHX o6itVl10 nOBO,llHTHC.H npaBMJJbHO B YCbOMY i .HKOMOra Kpam:e». Bi.nnoniBWM Ha 3anMTaHH.H, KOpOJib, CTaBWH Ha KOJiiHa nepe.n apxi€nHCKOllOM i 3HSIBWHllianKy, fOBOpHTb TaKHMH CJIOBaMH: «R, Cnri3M)'H.ll, 3 BOJii MMJIOCTHBoro focno.na Eora cTaiO'IM noJibCbKMM KopoJieM, BH3HaiO i o6iQSIIO nepe.n focno.noM EoroM i Horo aHreJiaMH, w.o o,npa3y )I( si.n I.J.boro 1.Jacy SI 'IHHHTHMY npaso, cnpase,nJJHBicTb i MHp UepKBi Eo)J(iH i Hapo.ny, HKHM MeHi .nosipeHo, 3ri,nHo 3 MO)J(JIHBOCTSIMH if cJiymHicTIO, 3ri,l.J.HO 3 ,l.J.OCTOIHCTBOM MHJIOCep,nH focnO,l.J.HbOfO, HK MeHi p~a MOiX BipHHX 3MOfJia 6 HKHaHKpam:e BKa3aTH. fi,nHi noqecTi €llHCKOllaM Ta KepiBHHKaM IJ;epKBH Eo)J(oi 'IHHSI'IH, QiJJKOM 36eperTH Bee Te, w:o 6yJio ,naHo UepKBi xpMCTHHHCbKHMH iMnepaTopaMH :H KopoJIHMM. TaKO)K a6aTaM, rpacpaM, lliJISIXeTCbKHM Ta pm:J;apCbKHM CTaHaM H XO'IY H o6ii.J.HIO BHHBJIHTH H . . .. . BIMaBaTH HaJie)KHY WaHy 3fl,l.J.HO 3 pa,n010 MOIX BlpHHX». floTiM siH KJia,ne o611,nsi pyKH Ha €saHreJii€, K~Y'IH: «TaK Hexai1 )Ke MeHi .nonoMO)Ke focno,nb Eor i Qe €saHreJii€». fiOTiM apxi€nHCKOll BHfOJIOmy€ MOJIHTBy:

«Bce.M()zymuiu i ei1tuuu Eo:JICe, meojJe'l&'b ecwzo, noeeAume.A'b m-tzeAie, I..{ap yapie i FocnoiJb Focnoihtix ewt, Tu AepaaMa, Coozo oipuo20 pa6a, 3po6ue nepe.Mo:J/Cye.M ua0 eoj>ozaMu, Moi1ceeei u Icycoei [Haeuuy], npoeoaupRM Teo20 uapoiJy, npucyi>ue 6azamo ne[JeMoz, i CMupeuuozo /JaeuiJa, iJumuuy Teow, niiJuic 3Ua'K(J.M,U yapC'bxoi" e.n,aOu, i Myi>pozo COJLo.Moua euuazopoi>ue ueCKa3anuU.M Mupo.M. E.n.azacMo Te6e, FocnQiJu, yea:JIC ua npoxau'HJt uaw.i C.Mupenni i uaiJ oyU.M pa6oM Teoi.M CuziJM.yniJoM, xompozo .MU fiAazozoeiuuo w.auy6Mo rna o6paau 'KopOJLe.M, 36ia'bW.U oapu Teoix iJo6poiJiRU'b, i 3ae:JICiJu CKpm niiJmpU.Myu uozo npaeuye10 cu.n,u Teoei: I R'K 3zaiJauuu BUUje Aepaa.M 3a eipy, Moucei1 3a AaziiJuicm'b 6y.n,u emiw.eui, €w.ya cu.n,ow 6ye 3MiyueuuU, /JaeuiJ 3a C.Mupenuicm'b 6ye 3BeAU'lte1iUU, max i BJC'bOMJ uexau eiu Te6e cnoiJo6um'b, 3aBJICOu no iJopo3i npaoiJu cmaeamU.Me ua nejJew.xoiJi xu6uUM xpO'KaM. 3Miyueuuu Teo'iM w.OJWMOM, R'K nOKpoeo.M, i UjUmOM uenepeMo:JICnUM nocmiu?to 3aXUUje?tuu, om01te1tuu ue6ecnU.Mu eoi'uaMu, uexau ei?t 3 eipow 3iJo6yiJe :JICaOatty nepe.Mozy ttaiJ eopozaMu xpecma Xpucmoeozo, i mpiyM¢yeamU.Me, i ?taza'H.JlmUMe ua ?tux cmpax cu.n,ow ceoew, i Mup ymeepoum'b 3 mU.Mu, xmo eowe 3 HUMU, 11£/Je3 Xpucma, rocnoiJa ttaw.ozo. Eo Bitt CUAO?O xpecma 3pyuuyeae nCKJW, i 3iJMa8 ijapcmeo iiwuJOJUJ, i eo3niCCJl, nepe.MO:JIC?&e..M ?ta ue6eca, i y HwMy BCJL'Ka tJJUJiJa, yapcmeo ma nepe.MOza, 6o Biu - C/l,aBa C.Mupenuux, :JICUmmll u iJo6po6ym ttapoiJie, mo.My xau pa30M 3 To6ow :JICuee i ?J,apwe Eoz no eci eixu. AM.iu'b». I/ (c. 23 2) ,Z(pyra MOJIHTBa:

Te6e npu'K.Ilu'Ka6MO, FocnoiJu, C8.Rmuu Om:ti£ i Bi'ltuuu Eo:JICe, Ujo6 O?J,wzo pa6a Ceozo Cuzi3My1Wa, Kompozo Tu 3 npo.M:ucl£y i EO:JiceCmBC'H,HOZO TBozo npucyiJy nocma8U6 38epXttuKOM 'HaiJ meopiH'HJl.MU i ua ?J,eU iJett'b 1eeim'Ko10 npopocmue- i ilozo, o6iJapooaH020 Teoi.M 6Aaz01tecmJ1.M i cnoe?te?tOzo Mwwcmi u npMiJu,- yttuttu ma?C, t«o6 «

255

KHMrA I eiu UJoOH.R. s (Jltax Bow i .mooei13ao:NCiJu eooC?CoUM1ooaeCR, UJ06 eiu 3 paaicm1o npuiiH.R.o H.aiieuUJy MaiJy .Aume 3aooJ£Ku ujeopoma.M 3eojm, i SMi1J,HeH.uu 3eioyci.A'b MUr .AocejJOJut- Teof.Mu Mypa.Mu eio eopozio, fiyo yoocmmmuu UjQC/tU80 Kepyeamu ooeiptm.UM iio.M.y HapoiJOM y Mupi, npuRsui, 'IU!CH.omax u 1te300JtauH.Ocmi 11£/Je:J Xpucma, rocnooa 'H.QUlOZO. AMiU'b>>. lloTiM apxienHCKOll CTa€ Ha KOJiiHa, a KOpOJib JISifa€ xpeCTOM 06JII1qtUIM BHH3. KaHTopu cniBaiOTb 3 xopoM no qep3i. KoJIH )I( ,noxo,AI1Tb .AO CJiiB «Et obsequium seruitutis nostre tibi rationabile facias)), Bi,AnoBi,Ah: (( Te6e npoC'U.Mo, ou-

C.Ayxau H.ac». Tyr apxienucKon, CTO.SPIH 3 xpecTOM 6iJI.si Jie)Kaqoro KopoJI.si, Ka)Ke: «I yoocmoil 6.AazoCJtoeeuUJ£ v,Mzo, o6pauozo ua KopouyoauAA••. Bmnosi,Ah: « Te6e npoC'U.Mo, BUC.Ayxau uac». Tyr )Ke cnisae: «I yoocmoil fi.ttazoCJtOeeuUJ£ i noceJ£mu v,wzo, o6paH.Ozo ua me, Ujo6 eiu fiyo KojJO'IiOoauUM ua v,apcmoo». Bi,Anoni.l{b: ((Te6e npoCUMO, oUCJtyxau uac». lloTiM sci enucKonu i1 a6aTH 3 yciM ,nyxosencTBOM CTaiOTb HaBKOJiilliKH 6im1 Jie)Kaqoro KopoJI.si i suroJIOlliYIOTb JiiTaHiiO. ApxiEnHcKon, Bi.AnpanunwM ii, npoKa3ye MOJIMTBY rocno,AHIO: «Om'lle uam... I ue ooeiJu uac y cnOKycy». Bi.Anosi,Ab: «.A.Ae BUJBMU uac oio AJKaeozo». 3anMTaHH.si: <<Cnacu pa6a Toozo, rocnOOU». Bi,Anoni,Ab: «TU eCU Eoz uam, iMU uaoie.MOCb ua Te6e». 3anMTaHH.si: «Xau fiyoe UOMY rocno&b Be:JICew Miv,uocmi». Bi.Anosi.nb: «Bio .AU1J,J£ eopozio''· 3am.naHH.si: <(FocnoiJu, ouCJtyxau MO.Aumoy MOW>•. Bi,AnOBi,Ab: «I ZOJWC Miil uexau oiuoe 00 Te6e>>_ 3anuTaHH.si: «Focnom 3 BaMU». Bi,nnoBi.Ab.. «13 Teof.M iJyxoM». lliCJIH qoro BiH B03CMJia€ 3BMqai1Hy MOJII·iTBy, CKa3aBUIM «MO.AWOCJ£».

«Focnoou, Tu 80.AOOiem Cool.Mu uapooa.Mu CU/£010 BO.Ai i .A106oei, nooau pa6y meoe.My CuziJMyuoy iJyxa Myopocmi, UJ06 3 uayKow npaoAiuAA oiu 3MuutaoCJ£ Jao:JICOU eiooauUM To6i yciM cepye.M. ua KopoAiecoKoMy npecmoAi i UJ06 y cnOKoi 3MUutaAaCJ£ XjJUCmUJ£UCb'KQ no60:JICUiC'tn'b, Uj06, BURBAJ£1(JltU uanO.Aez.AUBicm'b J CBOiX OD6pux cnpaoax, oiu JMiz, Kepooauuu To6ow, npuumu oo oi'li?WZO Lfapcmoa 1iejJe3 Focnooa uamozo, lcyca Xpucma. EAaZOC/tOBU, rocnoou, 1J,'b020 KopoAR CuzW.tyuoa, 6o Tu oio Bi'Ky onopRO'Kooyeut yci '/&apcmoa, i npoCJ£aO UOZO ma'KUM 6AaZOCA08eUUJ£M, 1J&06 Bi'li, J£'K J(QBUO, 36ejJizae 6AazoCJtooeuuuu ma Be.JLU'Iiuuu cKinemp i, npoCAaBAeuuu y 1-t'bOM)', ompUMao naAe:JICui nazopoau; oau UO.MJ 'l&e 3 Aaziouicmw, UJ06 oiu Kepyeae ceol.M uapooo.M, i R'K Tu flltunue 3 CoAOMOUOM Teol.M, 1J&06 mpUMamu yapcmoo y Mupi, maK i To6i uexaiJ.. eiu 3aB:JICOu CJLy:JICumUMe Ji cmpaxoM i MupoM; nexail oiu 6yoe 3 Teoi.~tt ujumo~tt RK npwcpumrnJtM, i C?Cpis'b TeoJ£ Mwticm'b 6yoe nepe.M.o:JIC'H..U'I&ew, yoocmoil iJ..ozo, UJ06 oin 1J&aCJLueo nauyoao 3 yci.Ma Tool.Mu 'l&apR..Mu napooie i 1J&06 iiozo UW'H.JBMU napoau, nexail oin fiyoe euAAmKOBUM ua cyoax eepumuymBa. I I (c. 233) HexaiJ.. npu..~ttno :JICUm'b uozo TeoR 6azam?OUJ,a npaeu1f,J£, uexail eiu BMoOie nAooooaimow 6am'bKiBUJU'H..010, i uozo OirnJtM npucyau Mail6ym'H..10 Kopucm'b. n oaau UO.Joty OOBZi po'KU JKummR, 1J&06 6 UOZO O'H..i 'liU'H..WlOCJ£ npaeocyOiJJ£ i 1ij06 3a60J£'KU To6i Bi'H.. Mi'I&HO mpu.MaB ea:JICe.JLi rnpouy njJaeAimLR, 3 npue.Muicrnw ma cnpaoeOAuoicrnw uexail eiu 6yoe npoCJtaoAeuuil y 6i1t'H.OMY Ll,apcmei OAR Xpucma, rocnoaa 1UlWOZO. AMiH'b>>.

256

KHMrA I OoTiM apxiem1cKon ci.n.ae, a I<OpOJih, cTaBlliH nepe.n. HHM Ha KOJiiHa , 3HiMae 3 ce6e CTHxap i nisiaT. Apxieni1CKon, 3MO'-IHBWH MaJIHM na.neub npaaol pyi<Ii y CBHTOMY EJiel, noMa3ye HHM npaay PYKY· ai.n. .n.oJioHi a.IK .n.o . . . . JIIKTHI MDK nJie'-IHMa Ta I-Ia npanoMy nJie'-II, Ka.tKy'-IH: OAUl3)110 rne6e 'Jia xopo./Ul OC8Jl'l(£HUM £.JteCM 8 iM Jt Orn?yl, i Cuua, i CeRrnozo

(( n

JJyxa. A.Mi1ll>. Mup rno6i''· Bi.n.noai.n.b: «I 3 TnoiM .n.yxoM» . IliCJI51 UbOrO npOMOBJI.H€ TaKy MOJlliTBY: «l10.Ma3J10 rne6e ua xopD.flR ocBR'tl.euUM CJteCM, i npe6azama .MUJLicml> CeRmozo JJyxa uexau 3iuiJe ua me6e'l{epe3 uame c.M,upe1i1ut, 1J&06Rx pyxa.Mu uautU.Mu ueziiJuu.Mu mu oxponJleNuu 3oeui CJLeCM zycmUM, maxi uozo ueeuiJUMU.M no.Ma3a'H'HJl.M HaMa~e'J-luil mu 6ye yiJocmo61iUU nO.Ma3a1i'HR B'Hympiut'H'bOZO, i UOZO uauiJOC'KO'HMiutUM iJyxo81iUM no.t.ta3aU'HR.M 3a8:JICiJu oxpon.tte1iuu, UaB'llaBCR mu 8Ci.M po3y.Mi'H'HJl.M, Rx 8idXUJLRmuCR 8iiJ JCbozo ueiJo380AeHozo, nocmiuHo po3iJyMy8a8 npo 8ce KojJucHe iJymew C80610, 6aJICa8 i iJiR8 3 no.Mi'l{'ll?O rocnoaa Icyca Xpucma, Kompuu y mo6i nepe6y8ae, i 'H£Xau ?J,apwe Cu1i Eo'JICUU, !eye Xpucmoc, rocnoiJl> 1iaut, no.Ma3a'HUU Om?J,eM MeeM paiJocmi; Hexau Bi'H Ca.M 'l{epe3 'HU'Hiut'He ceRrne noMa3a1i'HR JJyxoM YmimumeAe.M 3iut.Jle Ha me6e 6.~tazocJW8e1-l'HR i 8'1{U'HUm'b max, 1J&06 80'HO npouu'K.Iw ao 2.1£u6uu meozo cep?f!l. I UJ,06?J,u.M 8uiJUMU.M ma 8iiJ'llyeauUM CJLeCM mu 6y8 yiJocrrweuuu ompUMamu Ue8UiJU.i1<ti )1apu U ynpaeMmU mUM'l.taCOBU.M ?J,apcmBO.M, BUR8./Ul?O'llU cnpaeeiJ.~tu8icml> ma po3cyiJ.~tueicml>, ei'l{uo cnieynpaeMmu 3HUM, Kompuu eiJuuuu 6e3 zpixa l(ap ?J,api8, 3 Eozo.M Om?J,e.M 8 eiJHocmi J(yxa C8Rmozo, Eoz ua eixu 8i'!J,1ii. A.Mi'Hl>». IloTiM i.D.)'Tb iHIIIi MOJIHTBH, KOTpi T}'T .IKe llO UiM, CKa3aBIIIli «MOJIMMOC.H», '-IHTa€: «Bce.Mozymuiu i Bi'IJ,UUU Eo:JICe, Tu nocma8UB?J,apRMu A3axietz.R uaiJ Cupie?O i czunmoM, uaiJ bpaiaeM l.!Ut?O, JJaeuiJa i Cay.~ta 'l.tepe3 npop01Ca CaMyi.JLa, npoCUMO Te6e, noaau 1iautUM PJ'Ka.M CU.ILJ T80ZO 6AaZOCIL08e1-lUR i 'lj,'bOMY pa6y T8oE.My Cuzi3Myuay, xompozo ua.t.t, ueziouUM, CbozoiJui 00380.!Le1-lO no?J,iayeamu y C8R1J&euuo.t.ty no.MaJauui, noiJau uacuazy ma CUJLy, ziiJui ?J,'bOZO no.Masa'HUR. Bcmauoeu, TocnoiJu, e.~taiJy uaiJ UUM, 1J&06 ei1t 6ye iJyJICUM, cnpaeeiJ.~tuBUM, eiiJiJa'HUM, nepeiJ6a'IJ,AUBUM i ueemoMUUM y uozo ?J,apcmei i npaeurne.M.M ceozo 1tapoi)y, 3UU1J&JBa-tteM He8ipuux, w.auy8f%lli!.M, npaeocyiJiJR, 8WiJR'IJ,yea81UJ./U!:JICUO no 3aCILJ3i, 1J&06 eiH 6y8 o6opou?J,e.M Teoii l(efrKeu C8Rnuii i eipu xpucmURUCbxoi: ua npuxpacy u noX8MJ Teozo C/LaBUOZO i.Meu~ 3aiJJZJl TocnoiJa uaw.ozo Icyca Xpucma, CuHa T8ozo, Kompuu 3 To6ow nepefiyeae i yapwe y eiJuocmiJ(yxa CeRmozo, Eoz ua eixu eittui>>. Bi.n.noai.n.~>: «AMi'H'b». «Xpucrne! Ilo.t.ta:JIC 1J,'OOzo xopo.n.n, ua npaeAiuUR, 6o Tu no.Ma3JBaB C8Jl1J&e1-lU'KiB, npop01Cie, ?J,apie i MytteUUXiB, xompi 3 8ipow nepe.Maza.au ?J,apcmea, 'ltUU?.LitU npa8ocyoiJR, omjJu.Myea.au B3aE.Mui o6i?yluxu. I I (c. 234) Hexau Teiu uauCBJtmimuu 6llei1 npD.I1./1£1Tl'bCJl ua UOZO Z01L08J i npouU1C'H£ iJo uau6ia'butUX z.n,u6uu UoZO cep'IJ,R, i 6yiJym'b euxoua'Hi o6imuu?J,i, R'Ki eiu npuuURB, R?C 1U!3iJOAauui 1J,ap~ 3aeiJJl?Cu TeoiUMUJLOcm~ i 8 uuuiu.tU'bOMJ Bi?J,i 'H£xau eiu UjaCILUBO 1J,afno6 i iJoCRzue iXu'boi' oo.ai y He6eC~UJ.My 1J,apcmei 1i£fJe3 TocnoiJa Hau.tozo Icyca Xpucma, Kompuu 3 To6ow nepe6yea6 i ?J,ap106 moUjo. IloMa3a?tuu I!.II£6M paoocmi 3a T8oi.Mu npucyoaMu i 'IU!C'Homow CBJtUje?tHozo Xpecma, Bin aoOJLae CWlU noeimpRui, 3pyUnyeae ne~G.Jto, nepeMie yapcm8o i>uR8o.aa iRK nepeMo:HCef&'b 8oanicCR. ua He6o, 8 lluiu PY?&i 8CR.Ka "U!CHoma u CWla, i Bin 3 To6o10 nepe6y8ao i yap106 no eci 8i?Cu. AMiu'b.

257

KHHrA I Tu, Eo:>~ee, CJtaea cnpaeeiJJ£uBUx iMU./l,OcepiJR epiwuu1UJM, Tu noC/LaO Cuua CBozo, UJ06 Biu uaii?J,iuuiwmo Ceoe10 Kpoe '10 euxynue .A10iJcoxuii piiJ; Tu npunu'HJI£w eiiiuu, o6opo'Jte1&'b mux, xmo uaiJiem'bC!t ua Te6e, niiJ Teof.M npucyiJoM nepe6yeae 8./Wr iJa ycix ?J,apcme, Te6e CMupeuno 6.aaeae.Mo: 01J,'b020 npucymuoozo pa6a Teozo, Cuzi3Myuoa, Kompuu n01C./l,aiJaem'bC!t ua Teoe MwwcepiJR y nuuiwuoo.My ?J,apcoxoMy npecmMi, 6.tta20CJt08U, )'iJocmoii iioeo 6e:mepecmanuoi' iJono.Mozu i mux, xmo npocum'b Teozo 3acmynuu?J,mea, 3axucmu, UJ06 eiu 6ye iJy~U.M 3a ecix eopozie. 3po6u iiozo, rocnoiJu, UJaCitUBU.M i nepe.MO:JIC?J,e.M uaiJ yci.Ma 'HimPURmeJL!l.M,U, yeiu"iau U020 ei'H.?J,e.M cnpaeeiJJ£ueocmi i 6.AazO"iecmR, UJ06, eipR"iU eiiJ ycoozo cep?&R i eci..M po:ry.Miu'H.FL.M y Te6e, ein CJtyxue To6i, 6opouue CeRmy Teo10 aepKey i niiJmpu.MyeaenapoiJ Teiii, a cepy,e iiozo iJo J£106oei Teoei' .MUAocmi, 1iepe3 no.Ma3auM 6.11£e.M, 3eiiJKu Tu no.Ma:ryeae?J,apie i npopOKiB, J£106Jl.R,"iu npaeocyiJiJR..• i m. iJ. Bce.Mozymniu Eo:Hee, eUReu myp6omy npo ?J,'bozo CJtaenozo xopo./l..Jt Cuzi3MyniJa. I maK, RK Tu 6J£aeoCJtoeue Aepaa.Ma, IcaaKa ma .HKoea, max noiJau iio.My 3 ue6a i 3e.M.Iti noeuomy XJ£i6a, euua ma 6.11£10, 6azamcmeo ycix nJ£oiJie 3 6o:Heecmeenuoi' 1J&eiJpomu na iJoezi "iacu, 1J&06 eiu, ?J,ap10101iU, 6ye 3iJopoeuii mi.Jw.M ua Eam'bKie1J&uui, 1J&06 6ye uenopywnuu .Mup y KopoAiecmei, a CJtaene KopoAiecoxe iJocmoi'ucmeo CJL!Ul,O nailRcuiwU.M ceimJ£oM i 6AUC'KOM, 1J&06 eiu 6ye ue.Moe npouU3auuu naURC'HiUl010 6AUC'Ka8'K010 i CJLR(J y uaueeAU"i'HiUlO.M)' C8imJ£i. IlpucyiJu UOMJ, Bce.Mozymuiu Eo:Hee, 6ymu nauiJy:JIC"iU.M noKpoeumeAe.M Eamo'Ki81J&U'HU u ymiwume.tLe.M aep1C8U ma CBRmUX, 1J&06, 3Mi?J,'H.10101iUCo J 6eAU1COMJ 6Aa201iecmi, Bi'H 6ye nauiJy:HC· "iUM 3-noMi:HC ?J,apie, nepeMOJtC?J,eM uaiJ eopozaMu, npu6opKyea"ieM 6yrtmie ma nozauc'bxux uapoiJie. I uexau eiu 6yiJe cmpawuu.M iJAA eopozie 3aBORKU uaii6i.ttowiu Mi?J,uocmi ?J,apcoKof cUAu. A naiiKpa1J&U.M i eiprtU.M J£10iJRM iiozo KopoAiecmea rtexau eiu 6yiJe Be.AUKU.M, MUAU.M i 6Aae01iecuU.M, 1J&06 iiozo eci 6ouuco ma wanyeMu. I e Mau6ymu'boMy uexaii euiiiJymo 3 uozo J£01W KopoAi, Kompi 6yAu 6 cnpo.MOJIC'H.i nanyeamu 'HaO ?J,U.M KopoAiecmBOM, a niCJUl CJta6rtUX i 1J&aCAU6UX '!iacie y uurtiwrtwMy :Heummi 6yJ£u yoocmoerti ei"i1wi'paiJocmi ii MMU 6 noeCRK"iacne 6AaeoCAoeenM. I I (c. 235) I 1J&06 CaM Eoz- )/(ueuu i aap 380.1£U8 Kepyeamu HUM no eiKu eiKie. AMirt'b». noTiM O,lJ.HH 3 €nl1CKOniB, TPHMaiOl.JH B py~i nanip, o6THpa€ HHM HaMa3aHi MiC~H. Ka)f(yl.JH:

«Eoz- aap y,apie i Tocnom nauie, 3aeiJ.R'KU .Jbco.My y,api y,ap1010m-o, a 3aKouoiJaey,i cnpaeeiJAueo cyiJ.Rm'b, yiJocmou MUAocmueo 6J£azoc;weumu 1&10 KojJoAiecoKy o3iJo6y i noiJaii, 1J&06 meiU pa6, a uawxopoAo Cuzi3.Myrto, Kompuii necmUMe ii: 3aCR.Re o3iJo6o10 iJo6pux 36U't£ai8 i CB.R1J&eurtux iJiRu-o y Teoix O"iax, niCJUl mUM"iacoeozo :HCUmmR ii ei't£'HOi' CJtaeu 3aCR.R6 y Teoix 01.£ax i ue Mae Kimf,.R, UJ06 ein 00 Ki'H.'IJ,.R C6020 JICUmm..R 3a6iJR'KU TocnoiJy nocmiu'H.O 60AOiJapweae mOUJO». TioTiM B)l.Hra€ KOpOJIH B niBia.JI i B CTHXap, Ka)f(yl.JH: «JlpuiiAtu 1.tOmupu'KO'He't£'H.UU naAAiyM, Jt'KUU CUM60Ai3)'61.Wmupu Kiuy,i ceimy, niiJAe2Jli 6oJICecmeeH.rtiii eAaiJi, 6o uiKoAu 'H.e MOJtCrta iJo6pe nauyeamu 'Ha 3e.M.Iti, RK1J&O mo6i 6J£aoa 'H.e 6yoe noiJaua 3 ne6ec». 3.z:r.ii1cHHBllll1 ~e. apxienHcKon OMHBaE PYKH i, 3HHBllll1 iH<flyJiy, BJUOJIOlllYE CTIOBi)J.h, a KOpOJib, npoBe,ll.eHI1H )J.O TpoHy, MOJI11TbCH, a TIOTiM Ha Meci «AJiiJiyH», O)J.HH 3 ETIHCKOIIiB l.JHTa€ MOJI11TBH 3aMiCTb KOpOJISI, TIOTiM KOpOJIIO, SIKHM CTOITb Ha KOJiiHaX, apxiETIHCKOTI TIO,lla€ Mel.!, Ka)f(y"'H:

258

<<Jlpui:u.tU 3

KHHrA I 'H awux ueiJocrnouuux pyx Metta,

63Imwzo 3 zojJiurH:bozo eiBrnapR, R'KUU ocBR1teuuu cu./LOW i aemopumemo.~ot ceRmux anocmoAiB, Rxuu 'liaoacm'bCR mo6i Jziouo 3 njJaeUJLa.MU i Ja o6oB '.R.mo.M uawozo 6JLaZOC/l,08e'H'HJl O./LJl3axucmy CBJlmoi" Eo:HCoi' aefrKeu, BnoPR01COBauoi' no-6o:HCecrnBe'liUOAty, O./LJl noKapau'HJl 3./LOB.Mucuuxie, 'lia noxBaAy icmuuuozo 6.Aaza; 'Hexau eiu 6yoe mo6i cnozaoo.M npo mozo, npo Kozo nca.J~Mocniee~'b npoeicrnue, Ka:>IC)tttu: "OnepeJICuC'b cBol.M MetU?.M, uaiJ cmezuaMu cBol.Mu uail.Mi?J,'Iiiwe ", Uj06 J 'li'bO.MJ i 'HUM mu 1£UUU8 cnpaeeOJLUBiCm'b, 3UU1J&JBa6 mR2ap 'HenpaBOU, 6opoUU8 i 3aXU1J&aB CBRmy EoJICy aefrKey ma ii' 8ipuux, 80106aB 3 mU.MU, y 1<020 Bipa JauenaJLa, RX 3 eopoza.Mu xpucmUR'IicmBa, 3UU1J&yeaB i"x; 1J&06 mu BOOBa.M i cupoma.M MUJLOcmueo iJono.Mazae i 3axu1J&a8, nO'KuHymux niiJmPUJo.ty8a8 i o6epizae, .MCmU8CJl 3a uecnpaeeOJLUBiCm'b, 3.Mi?J,U10Ba8 oo6pux, a Oi101£U J ?J,'bO.MJ mpiyMifji 1£eCUOm, 1J&06 mu 6ye euURmX08UM i CJtaeuU.M nowauo8yea1f£M Cnacume.!Ul CBimy i 8 iM J?. Hozo 6y8 yoocmornuu ooe2o nauyeamu 3 EozoM Om~e.u, i Cuuo.M, i CeRmUM J(yxoM, xau JICU8e u naHye Eo2 Ha Bi'Ku 8i1£Hi. AMiH'b». TaM )l(e .nani ni.n 1.1ac MecM, npHnacosyroqH J:ioMy Me'tla, apxienMcKon Ka)l(e: ccOrtepeJICUCb C80lM .Mette.M 1ia81CO./LO cmezou ceoi'x Jl1CUail.Mi?J,Hiwe i 3po:rptiu, UjO C8Rmi nepe.uazawm'b ~apcmea ue Mette.M, a 8ipow>>. IloTiM, Ha,nisaiO'tJM Ha roJiosy KopoHf, Ka)l(e: «llpuiiMu xopouy ?J,apcmea, 1J&O 1w'K..J1,G,()acm'bc.Jl ua meow zoAOBJ x01t i ueoocmou?iU.MU pyxa.Mu, aJLe pyxa.Mu cnucxonie, e iM il Om~. i CuHa, i CeRmozo J(yxa, 1J&06 mu 3p03J.Mi8 C/l,aoy C8Rmocmi, 1tecm'b i CUAJ Mi?J,i, I I (c. 236) cmae J1taC?iU'KOM Hawoi· C/l,y:HC6u, 1J&06 mu 31iaB, R'K uac po3JMi10m'b y 2./Lu6u?iax R'K nacmopie i Kepie?iu'Kie ayw, i, om:HCe, mu Macw cmamu npomu 8Cix 8ojJOZi8 ae/J'KBU Xpucm080t, cmamu 3aXUC?iU1COM i ?J,apcmey, Oa?io.MJ mo6i Eozo.M i 3 o6o8 il31cy uawozo 6JtaZOC/l,OBe'H1ifl uaoa?iOMJ meoe.My npaeAi?iU10 1tejleJ anocmoAi8 ma ecix C8Rmux, 1J&06 mu JaBJICOU 6y8 xopurnU.M BU'KO?iaB?J,e.M i nepeo6a1{.JLUBUM npa8urne.M.M, Uj06 cepeo CJta8?iux, CUJL'b?iUX i 1tecuux mu, npuxpawe?iuu nejJAaMU i1 y8iu1tauuu uazopoo010 ei1£?i0zo 'UjacmR, 6ye 6eJ.MeJIC?iO npoC~~,ae./Le?iuu paJoM 3BuKynurne.M.M i Cnacurne.M.M ?iaWUM Icyco.M Xpucmo.M, l.Jue iM J?. i OOJL10 Bi?i eepwumu mo6i iJo8ip;u. Hexau JICuee i noee.Jtieae Eoz 3 Om?J,e.M i C8JlmUMJ(yxoM 1w Bi'KU Bi1£1ii. .A.Mi?i'b». BpeniTi .nae iioMy B niBy pyKy 30JIOTe H6.nyKo, HKe CMMBOJii3ye 3eMH}' KYJIIO, a B npaBy PYKY- CKineTp, T06To KopoJiiBCbKe 6epno, Ka)l(Y'tiM: «I1puUJ.tu JICeJA 1tecuomu i1 icmuuu, R'KUM mu noBU?im eMimu npu?iocumu paoicm'b 6.AaZ01lecmuBUM, cmpaxamu 6tWternux, uaHttamu oopozu mux, xmo Ja6.Ayxa8, a mUM, xmo cnimKUJBCR, npocmJI,zamu pyKy, ynO?Copweamu ?ienO?Cipuux, niiJH.iMamu CMUpeuuux; ?ieXaU eiiJxpue mo6i oeepi I eye Xpucmoc, rocnoiJ'b ?taUt, Kompuu CIW3aB npo CaMOZO Ce6e: ".fl 6 oeepi, i xmo yeiuoe xpm 'ltUX, moil cnacem'bCR ", 6o Biu - 1Ul/101l J(aeuiJa i cxinemp iJo.My 13paweozo, 6o Biu moil, xmo eiiJxpueae, i uixmo ue .MO:HCe eidlcpumu, mo uexau Biu mo6i 6yiJe ?Cepi81tU1COM, Kompuu BUBiB 3a7cymozo i3 8 M· xu?J,i, Rxuu cuiJie y meMPR8i miui C.Mepmi, 1J&06 mu 8 JCbOMJ umo8 CJtioo.M 3a HUM, npo Kompozo npopOK J(aBUiJ cnieae: "I1pecmOJL Teiu, Eo:NCe, ua eixu eittui, Tu6epJLO cnpaeeiJJLueocmi, 6epAo 'l&apcmea Teozo ~ uaCJtiiJy10"tu Hozo CaM.ozo, n0JL106u npaoocyiJiJR, 3'H£H,O,BUOb uenpaeay, aaiJAAwzo me6e u noMaJas Eoz, a Biu cnOKO'H.• ei1ey noMa3ae 6JU!6M paiJocmi Icyca Xpucma, FocnoiJa Hawozo, Kompuu nepe6yea6 3 HUM, xau :HCe 1J,ap10e Eoz ua eixu ei1tui "».

259

KHHrA I llpH ocpepTi KOpOJib KJia~e XJii6 Ta BHHO Ha BiBTap i IdJiy€ CBJITHHIO, KOTPY 3BHqai1Ho Ha3HBaiOTb Pacem, i npHi1Mae Hai1ca.s1Tiwi ,l(apH. lloTiM y HbOro 3HiMaiOTb Meq 3 noJrca. O,u;pa3y * nic;m MecH i1oro ae,u;yrb ~o TpoHy, cne~iaJibHO nocTaBJieHoro ,u;JIJI ~boro nocepe,u; KOCTbOJiy. TaM )f(e i1oro apxienHCKon iHTpoHi3ye i nepe~ae yp.s~~ ImpoJiiBcTsa, Ka)f(y1.1H TaKi cJioaa: «Cuau i mfru.J.tail eiouuui ?&e Mic?&e, nfru3ua'tte'H.e mo6i EozoM, BAai:Jow Bce.Jt.Wzymuwzo Eoza i 3 uuuiwu'boi" mpaou?&ii' ycix, mo6mo 6nue1wniB ma iuwux Eo:HCUx CJtyz; 7-taCKi.Jt?Jxu mu 6attuw MU3'b'Kian'b 'K./I,ipy oo CBR-'IJ&muux oiomapiB, uacmitt'b'KU ;m; oiooaoau iio.My 'HO.M:JK:uy.wauy. flaM 'Rmau, l«O nocepeouu'K Eoza i.Jtwoeil cmeepo:HCJ6 me6e R'K nocepei:Juu'Ka 'K./I,ipy U napoi:Jy B?&'bOMJ 3e.M'HOMJ 'KopOAiBcmBi may B~'HOMJ 1J,apcmei, i uexau 3jJo6um-o me6e npaeurneii£M !eye Xpucmoc, Focnoi:J'b uazu, I.Iap ?&apio i FocnoiJ'b naniB, Kompuu 3 0m1J,e.M i CaR mUM /(yxoM :m:uae u 1&apw6 ua Bi'Ku Bi1lui. A.Miu'b••. lloTiM apxien HcKon no1.lHHa€ cniaaTH «Te6e, Eo;m;e, XBa.JtUMO», a 3aKiH1.lMBWH, BiH CTa€ ITO npaBOMf 6o~i Bi,u; KOpOJIJI i Ka)Ke: «Hexau ymoepOum'bCJl jly'Ka moOR i 6036eAU1lUm'bCJl oeCUU'IJ,R mBOR». Bi,ZJ.noai,u;b KOpOJI.si: «IIpaoocyoo.R i cyo- oC'Jiooa mpouy mBozo». I I (c. 237) ApxienHcKon: «Focnoou, BUCJtyxailMoAumey MOW». Bi~noai~b: «/ 20AOC Miil nexau oiuoe 00 Te6e». ApxienHCKOn: «Focnoi:J'b 3 BaMU». Bi~nosi~b: «I 3 moof.M i:JyxoM>•. l loTiM npoKa3y€ ~10 MOJIHTBy, BHrOJIOCHBWH «MO.ItWOCJl». «Focnoi:Ju, Tu cmoepouo y MoAumoi nepeMo:JK:uUMu py'Ku Mouce.R, 'Kompuu o ocAa6.1le1ioMy Bi?&i oowoao 3 ueC'Kruaunow CBRmicmw, i, 'KMU necnpaoeoAuouu AMMux nepe.MazaBCJL, xoAu 'Jie1lecmuouu uapoo iuwo nio RpMo i 6yAu 31iU1J&e?ti 1lJ:HCU1iC'b'Ki napoau, mo 6azam10l«e BOAooiuHR noCAy:JK:UJLO meoiu cnaol«uui; oUCJtyxaemu MOAumBY uamy, uexau JOcnoiJ'b cmoepoum'b CUAJ pyx. maoix; MU .M.aE.Mo, Om1le CaRmuu, /Ocnooa CnacumeAR, Kompuu 3apaou uac Caoi' pyxu npocmRz ua xpecmi, 1ltpe3 Kompozo MU MQII,UMOCJl R'Kuaill«upime, l«06 T B0610 6Jl,Q,0010, R?W 3aB:JK:Ou uac niompu.Myc, 31iUl«JBaAOCJL JCR'Ke 6eNecmR ocix oopozio, i moiu uapoo, no36yomuCJL cmpaxy, ua61lUBCR 60RmUCJl.JtUute Te6e i.MeH.eM mozo :JIC ca.Mozo Xpucma, Tocnooa uawozo». Bi,u;noai,ZJ.b: «AMin'b». «Mo.~ti.MoCR.

Eoz, 6eJnoMUA'buuu Toopev,'b coimy, 3acnoauux poo)1 A?OOC'b'Kozo, ymoepOJ!CjBaB xopoAiocmea, KomjJUil 3i cmezou oijJuozo moozo Oj.ryza, 1-tautozo nampiapxa Aopaw.w, ou6pao v,apR Mail6ymn'b0zo Bi'Ky, Tu ymoepou V,'bozo nuuiw'H'bozo 'KopoAR 3 uozo BiUC'b'KOM y 3eMUOMJ 1J,ajJCm8i i 3 00110.MOZ010 6JtaZOCAOBe'Ji'HR ) 1CiX CBRmUX 3po6u 3a.MO:JICUUM, nooau cmiuxicmo, aiooioau uozo 1lepe3 noJUJY ycix CBJlmux, Jl'K Tu eioBioae Mouce.R y xynuui, Icyca [Haaiua] o ma6opi, Teoeoua o ma6opi, CaMfilza y xpw.ti, yoocmoi"omu ix o6imuu1J,i, 6AazoCAoeeulifl, i .J.tyopocmi Ceoc'i, R'K 6Jta:>Keu'Huil,llaeuo y ncaAMax, a CoAo.Mmt , cu?t uozo, npuunJtB Te6e 3 ue6a, Jl'K Tozo, xmo oac ouuazopooy. EyiJb UOMY 8 C'Kjrymi o6opou01o npomu oopo:>KUX p.ROiB, WOAO.MO.J.t )' .J.tau6ymHiX ycnixax, 31W1i1iJlM y noxpoeumeJt'bCmBi, noiJau, l«06 mi poou 36rpizCUlu nip')', 1ta1.iQJl.'b1lU'KU i uauoocmouuiuti .MG.!LU MUP 3 xopoAe.At, .ll106UAU ~tUAOcepiJR, )'11lPU.J.t)'BMUCJl eio nozauux 6a:JK:a'H'b, mpUMaAUCJl npaoocyoo.R, 6epeZAu icmuuy i UJo6 'IJ,l'il 'Hapoo M?to:>KuBCR, :JICUBAJl1luC'b 6AazoCAooe?t'HRM Tpiuyi, l«o6v,i Awou Jae.JKiJu 3MUUtQJZ.u· CR o paiJocmi, mauwoeMu i paoiAu, Ji 36poc10 i o .~owpi 6y;tu nepe.Aw.>K1£1ll•Ht3aoiJRKU Xpucmy, TocnoiJy uaw,o.~oty. AMin'b»,

260

KHHfA I BiJ(npastmmH t(i CB.HT06JJnsi o6p.HJJ.H i ·~epeMoHil, .HKi 3BI~t.Jai1Ho 6ysal0Th npM KopoHa~ii, OI~ei13i6paHHH CeHaT lWXOBHHM Ta cniTCbK1111 rrpOBOJI.)Ka€ CBOfO HOBOKOpOHOBaHOfO rraHa 3 Be1111Kl1MI1 OO'lleCT.HMH i He3JJi'4eHHHM eCKOpTOM Ha 3aMKOBHH na.Jia~, ,L(e Bi.L(npaBJJ.HlOTb 3BM'4aHHH~i nop.H,L(OK

i noTpe6H. Ha.L(pyrui1 ,L(eHb nicJI.H KopoHa~il C11riJMyH,L( TpeTii1, KopoJib i naH Ham HenepeMO)I(Hllli,

rpy,nH.H, B ,neHh en. HeMOBJI.HT (mlodziank6w) 6yn Ha

TPOHt, cneu;taJJhHO ,L(JUJ Qhoro nocTaBJieHoMy Ha pHHKY roJIOBHoro MICTa nepe.n paryrnero, .L(JIJI npHCJirH. fiepe.n HHM TPHMaJJH ci<irreTp, 30JIOTe .H6JiyKO i rOJIHH Me"l. TaM iioMY npHc.HraJIH MicTa, a pai1r~i BiMaJIH HOMJ Ha 6JIIO,L(i, HaKpHTOMY qepBOHOIO KHTaHKOJO, KJIIO"li Bi,L( MiCTa 3 'liHCTOfO 30JIOTa H iHrni pi3Hi .n:ap11.

(c. 238) TaM )l(e, B3.HI3llll1 B cnol pyKH Me'll, BiH nacysaa Ha

p11~apia Tphox 3Ha1.JH11X My)l(iB, HacaMnepel( neJihMO)I(HOro rpacpa 3 TapHo-

na, CaH,L(OM11pCbKOf0 KalllTeJJ.HHa, i )(BOX iTaJJiH~iB: JlaypeHQiO 3 lcTpii Ta TieTpa <l>paHKa 3 KoHe.HI-ry (Koneianu). TioTiM,

29 'liMCJJa Qhoro )I( Mic.HQ.H, siH

cia y pa.ni H cy.n:11n, 6o To;(i 6yn ceHM y Kpai<oBi, mo TpHaan llliCTh TIDI<HiB nicJISI KopoHaQii. IHllli cnpaBM, KOTpi 3a :w;acJIHBoro naHysaHHSI lioro KopoJiiDChi<OI MOCTi ,niJIJIMC.H, J(ilOTbCJI i 6y.n)'Th ,niSITI1CJI B piJHHX Micl.l;RX, Jl3aJIHliialO ,n:JISI on11cy Mai16yrHiMH xpoHicTaMH.

A caM SIK sipHHH i Hai1HH)I(1.JJ.n1

c.nyra HOfO KOpOJiiBChKOI MOCTi CBO€MJ MI1110CT11BOMJ naHy lll11p0 H cepl(eq-

r OCTIO,L(b Eor sci cnpaBH iioro KopoJiiBCbKOI . . . . . MOCTI Ha KO)I(HOMY MlCI.l;l, KY/(11 DIH TlJlhKI1 3BepHeThCR, TaK J..UaCJII1BO pa.L(11B, HO 311'4Y' mo6 BceMoryTHiH

~aCTHB i 6JiafOCJIOBI1B, :rn;o6 i CaMe iM' Sl niBHiqHOfO BOJIO,L(apSI6yJIO CTpam-

HHM, JIRKalOl.IHM i BJia,norpi3HMM ,L(JISI BciX 'llaCTHH CBiTy, OC06JIHBO )I( ,nJIR iH03eMHI1X BoporiB Ta HeBipHHX noraHu;iB, :rn;o6 y HbO!'vfY ( K0p011i) 3HaHlli110 BHSIB u;e 6JiarOCJIOBeHHSI, SIKe HOMJ 6aJKaJJI1 ni,L( qac KopoHau;ii. TJ.ejJe31t'b020 ?&api

?texail?&apwwm'b, a Ja'K01WOM?&i 6U3Ua'lta?Om'b Jaxouu. I :w;o6 focnol(h Bor HaM MOfO SIK HenepeMO)I(HOfO naHa iJ KOp01IeBOIO II MOCTIO i HaHJICHillii1MI1 KHSI3RMH, KopoJiesHqaMH

lx MOCTRMH nOJibChKHMH, B11a,n11cJiaBoM i Ka3HMH-

poM, CBOIMH HaM3HaqHillli1MH Hall(a,L(KaMH, B MHJIOCTi i 6JiarOCJIOBeHHi CaoEMY focno,nHhOMY 3BOJIHB o6epiraTH

B ychoMy 6JiarocJIOBMTH 3a,ZJ;JIH

qecTi, CsoEi CBSITOI XBaJIM, po3lllHpeHHH KopoJiiBCTBa, o6opoHH Peqi fiocnoJIHTol i BCiJI.SlKOI KOpOHHOI BTiXH. lJ;bOfO .Sl, .SlK BipHMH, 3HqJIMBHH

B)l(e, BBaJKaJ:i, y 3piJIHX 11iTax c.nyra, 1ll0 llOCHBiB Ha CJiy)l(6i npel(KiB KOpOJIH :Horo MOCTi :H Pe'li ITocnoJIHTOI KopoHHOi

i noKJiaB Ja,L(JIH 1..\bOro sci Mol

poKH, Hi'loro He 3aJIHmaiO no co6i, TinhKH noiiiTHBY cJiasy.

6a)l(aiO Bi.l(

ycboro cepu;H BCboro .n:o6poro CBOEMY naHy i sci:H Peqi TiocnoJIHTi:H KopoHHi:H, i 11.0 ocma?tu'bozo noouxy

6yiJy C/l,y:Heumu uoMy 60tm'b i 61tatt~ ?ta no.tti 6ow

i 8 MUCm£ljm6~ i 7.&ie10 cnpa6010, i xoqa H B)l(e, BBaiKaH, O,L(Hi€10 HOfOIO CTOIO B MOrHJii, npHcrynaiO ,no on11cy KopoHHHX BOEBO,Z:(CTB. /I (c. 239)

•

KHMrA I

~CTHHA III KHHrH •

•

y KOTplH MlCTHTbC.H OllHC BO~BO)tCTB, IIOBITIB, ITPOBIHQIM, HAHrOJIOBHilliHX MICT I 3AMKIB Y KOPOHI

mtJibCbKe KOpO.lliBCTBO € 3HaHHM y 'J(opiJOHU !HO/Il>Cb1(pUJ 1(ppo11i1Jcm8a

!llo/lblljtl iJ8ol(

poi>i8

EBponei1chKii1 CapMaTii i CJiaBHHM no scix qacTMHax csiTy. BoHo TjJ:rHeTbCR 3i CXO.l\}' Ha niBHiq i Jie)KMTb npM KOp.l\OHax Ma3oaii Ta BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlMTOBCbKoro. BoHo Me)Ky€ Ha niBH01:Ji 3 Ilpycci€10 Ta 3 HiMe~bKMM, a6o Be· HeQiaHCbKHM, oKeaHOM. Ha niB.l\Hi- 3 Pycc10, llo.n:i.nJIHM, MoJI,l\aBCbKOIO 3eM· JieiO Ta YropcbKMMM ropaMM, HKi Ha3MBaiOTbCH EecKM.n;M. Ha 3axo,l\i KopoHa Me){(}'€ i3 Ci.ne3i€IO, CaKCOHCbKOIO 3eMJieiO Ta piKOIO E.nb60IO. IloJib~a € ,!\BOX po,l\iB: o.n:Ha Mana, .l\pyra BeJIMKa. OcTaHHH Ha3BaHa BeJIMKOIO TOM)', ~0 B HiM HaCaMnepe.n: OCiB Jlex, nepiiiMH KepiBHMK i BO)K.ll:b llOJibCbKOrO Hapo.n;y, i TaM 3aCH}'BaB MiCTO fH€3HO, CTOJIHQIO CBO€I ,n:ep)Ka· BM. AJie noTiM QH CTOJIM~H 6yJia nepeHeceHa .n:o KpaKoBa, roJIOBHoro MicTa Manol OoJib~i • .n:e i1 no choro.n:Hi 3HaXOJJ.MThCH i1 He 3MiHHJia caoro MiCQ.si. TOM}' H T}'T si.n:.n:a€MO nepeaary Manii1 noJib~i Ha.ll: BeJIMKOIO, II Tenep no1:JMHa€MO OllMC}'BaTM.

KPAKIBChKA 3EMJIJI KpaKiB- Hai1cJiaBHiiiie MicTo y Manii1 IloJib~i, BOHO € CTOJIM~eiO sciEi KopoHM. BoHo Jie)KMTh Ha .n:o6pe 3axM~e

HOM)' MiCQi Mi)f( CKeJI.HMH Ha}J. C}')l.HOllJiaBHOIO piKOIO BicJIOIO, KOTpOIO B03.siTb BCi.JIHKi KyneQhKi TOBapH ,l\0 npyCCbKOrO MiCTa f.n;aHChKa. [(e MicTO OT01:JeHe no.n:sii1HHM MypoM i .n:ocHTh TOBCTHM sanoM; M}'posaHm1: pis y 3eMJii oTo· 1:J}'€ MicQe .n:oaKOJia Be)f(. fep6 KpaKosa- Be)Ka 3 o.n:Hi€10 6paMoiO i opeJI y 6paMi 3 po3KpHTHMM KpHJiaMH. CaM HenpHcrynHHM 3aMoK CTOITb Ha BH· coKii1 cKeJii, RKa Ha3HBa€TbCH BaseJib, Ha,l\ Qi€10 )I( piKoiO. TaM po3TaiiioaaHe CTOJIM1:JHe MicTO, .n:e Bi.n;6yaaiOTbOI KOpoHaQii Ta llOXOBaHHR HenepeMO)f(· HMX siqHOCJiaBHOI naM'HTi llOJibCbKHX KOpOJiiB. TyT 1:JOTMpH KOCTbOJIH: CBB. CTaHicJiaaa, BaQJiasa, M11xai1Jia i IOpiH. 3a qacis KopoJIH EoJiecJiaaa nyJJ.HKa KpaKiB 6ya o6JIO)KeHHH TaTapaMH, I I (c. 240) i iioro Jie,ABe o6opoHMB KJieMeHc 3 PycQH, KpaKiBCbKHH DO€BO.n:a. 3MyposaHHH KpaKiB 6ys

262

KHMrA I Ka3HMnpoM BeJIHKHM. DoTiM RraiiJio HaKa3aB ni~HeCTH MYPH DHII~e i1 3a6e3ne'I:UfTI1 MiCTO cpopTeu:eio; niH 3aCH)'DaB i ~as Micry I<OJieriyM. Alle HacaMnepe~ 3 ycix KopoJiin Ta MoHapxin u:e MicTo npHI<pacHB JleweK l..JopHHH.

Ycix Mirn;aH, KoTpi 6yJIH n Me)Kax MichKHX cTiH, niH Ho6iJiirynas, ~as IM WJI}JxeTChKi BOJibHOCTi, CaM 3 HHMH XO~HB y O~HaKOBOM}' O~R3i, llOI<a3yYO't.IH BciM, rn;o siH ix Hea6H}JK nosa)Ka€. A I:(e ~iRJIOCSI 1285 poKy. flp11 I:(bOMY MiCTi CTOSITb 't.IOTHpH iHlllHX npeKpaCHHX MicTa: K.rrena)K, CTpa~oM, Ka3nMnp i )KH~ischKe MicTo, KOTpi csoiM po3TamynaHHSIM

3' €.llH)'IOThCR 3 caMHM KpaKOBOM. Krrena)K OMHBa€ThCR piqKOIO Py~aso10, a CTpa.LloM i Ka3HMHP- Bicnmo. KpaKycH He MaiOTh niiha TOMy, rn;o poKy DO)Koro 1312, 3a naHynaHHJI 8Jia~HCJiaBa JIOKOTKa, SIKI·I"HCb KpaKiBCbKHH BiHT, HiMei:(b, BHSIBHBCH BO)K~eM 3pa~HHKiB, XOTiB BH)l;aTH MiCTO OOOJlbCbKOMY KH}J3eBi OOJieCJiaBy. BiH [siH:T] 3anJiaTHB noTiM si't.IHOnaM'.HTHO 3i csoiMH cnisyqacHHKaMH, npo rn;o UIHpllle B)l(e HIIIJIOCSI n icTopiSix. Bi~To~i caM KopoJih € KpaKiBchKHM BiHTOM. KpaKiBChKHH KawTeJIRH nepeBHIIJ;y€ csoiMH pa,u,oro Ta Micu:eM y ceHaTi BOEBo~y 3 I:(i€1 )K npH't.IHHH. KoJIH cnaBHHM noJihChKHH KopoJih Eonecnas KpHsoycTHH, npo JIKoro nHcanocSI BHrn;e, Koponb .n:y)l(e BOMOBHH't.IHH, 6ys 3i CBOIM BiHCbKOM ni~CT)'IlHO OTOqeHHM pycciO, TO~i BO€BO~a, 3a6ysnnf npo CBOIO qeCTb i o6os'.H3KH, BTiK 3 6iJibWOIO 't.laCTHHOIO BiHCbKa, KOTpe MaB ni.n; csoero BJia~oro; KopoJISI )I( niH 3aJIHIIIHB caMoro cepe.n: soporis. qepe3 u:e KaWTeJISIH Ma€ BHIIJ;e Micu:e B CeHaTi, Hi)l( BO€BO)l:a. AJie B iHIIIHX npoBiHr(iSIX I:(bOrO KOpOJiiBCTBa BO€BO/la nepeBHIIJ;y€ KalllTeJIHHa CBOIM CJIY)K60BHM CTa. HOBM.IIJ;eM 1 3BepXHlCTIO.

ITOBITOBI MICTA y KpaKiBChi<ill JeMJii HaMBa)I(JIHBiwi nosiTosi MicTa y KpaKiBCbKOM}' BO€BO~CTBi MaiOTb IIIJlSIXeTCbKi cy~H, B KOTpHX p03rJISI,LJ.aiOTbCH cnpasH; H~ HMMH - cTapocTH, cyMi Ta iHWMM Micu:esHH: ypH.ll. EC'{- cy.lloBe MicTo, oTol.JeHe MypoM, ni.ll KOTPHM wHpoKo po3JIHBa€TbcJI pi1.1Ka Pana. Ha [(iii pi't.l[(i 36HpaiOTb niHy, 3 HKoi po6JIHTb cipJ<Y. BoHo Jie)I(HTb 3a wicTHa,u,U:SITb MHJib Bi.ll KpaKosa. I I (c. 241) Boii'H/bi- .n:epes 'HHe MicTo H~ piKOIO ,li;YI-failu:eM, JIKe JieJKHTh 3a .lleB 'HTb MHJih si~ KpaKosa; soHo MaE csoi snacHocTi i1: npoMM.CJIH. Um'lt- MYPOBaHe MicTo H~ o6onoHHIO, KoTpe OMHBaE piKa ,ll;yHaEQb. Bi~ KpaKosa - o.n;HHCl.llU:SITb MHJib. KCbO'H.:HC- ~epes'aHe MicTo, rn;o Jie)I(HTb 3a ciM MHJib B~ KpaKosa. JleJLyB- MYPOBaHe MicTo Ha BHCOKiii ropi; JaMOK cToiTh Tpoxu HH)I(l.Je H~ piKOIO EiJioro, 3a 11 MHJib Bi.ll KpaKosa. IJpoUUJBi?&e- ).J;epeB 'SIHe MicTO npH 060JIOHi Ha).J; piKOIO IllbpeHSIBOIO, 3a l.JOTHPH MHJii ni~ Kpai<osa. TaMe KopoJiiBCbKHH .llBip, .lle 3BH1.Jai1:Ho 3eMChKi CeHMHKH KOpOHHOi WJISIXTH 3~aBHa Bi~6ysaiOTbCH.

263

ll{oJ>ty I{[JQI(!JCU Ht MaiOml>

Diuma

Xpal(j6c&l(j I(JlUlTTUlJUl H

i 6oe8oaa

KHHrA I € TaKO>K 6araTo iHWMX MicT i MicTet~oK, WJUIXTM i1 naHiB B KpaKiBCbKiu 3eMJii, ane Tyr no,ZJ;a€MO TiJibKM Ti, ,ZJ;e Bi,ZJ;6ysaiOTbC11 cy,ZJ;osi a6o rpo,ZJ;cbKi "'M 3eMCbKl cnpaBM. Y n;iu >Ke KpaKiBcbKiu 3eMJii e TPM aHaMeHMTMx KonanbHi, KOTpi senuKMMM npM6fTKaMM 36ara'l}'10Tb CKap6 KOpOJIH HOfO MOCTi. llepwa p03TaWQBaHa B Onbeywi, ~o Jan'HTb MMJib si,ZJ; KpaKosa, ,ZJ;e a rip su.u.o6ysaiOTb seJIHKY KiJibKicTb cpi6na Ta CBHHQIO. J(pyra- s MicTi EoxHi, ~o aa n'SITh MMJib si,ZJ; KpaKosa, 11.e BMKonyiOTb BeJIHKHMM 6pMJiaMH ciJib, Ha3BaHy JlbO,ZJ;OBaTOIO "1epe3 CBOIO llO,ZJ;i6HiCTb lJ.O JlbO,ZJ;y. TpeTH - y Benut~n;i, KOTpa aa ,ZJ;Bi MHJii si.n; KpaKosa. TaM Te>K e Jibo.n,osaTa cinb, ane ripwa, Hi)f( y EoxHi. BoHa npHMHO)f(Y€ cKap6 KoponSI iioro MOCTi. TaM )f(e € KpHHHQH, HKY 3BfTb coJIHHOIO. 3 n;iEi so.n;H po6JISITb cinb, sunaposyrot~H so,ZJ;y. KpaKiBCbKa aeMJIH a6arat~eHa seJIHKMMH .n;apaMH si.n, Bi"'Horo rocno.n;apSI.

HAHB11IIJ;I1M CEHAT KPAKIBChKOI 3EMJII

{

€nHCKOll

KawTeJIHH

KpaKiBCbKMM

BoEBOlJ.a COH}l;eQbKHM

KawTeJI.HH

{

BOMHi:UbKHM 6eQbKMM

OCBeHQiMCbKJ-n 1

3 eMC'b'KUU npanop Biuc'b'KOBUU: 6i;mu opeA B 30Jtomiu 1eopo1ti 1ta 'llepBo?toMy noJti, a 'llepe3 KpUJta - 30Jtoma Jti?tiR, maKUM 'tlU'ItOM: I I (c. 242)

264

KHJirA I CoH.ue~bKMM nosiT Ma€ oKpeMMH npanop: po3KpHTMH .lf.DOKOJiipHMH

I.l(MT. Y KpaKinchi<iH 3eMJii € .usa KH.H3iscrna , KOTpi npHpO.lf.HMM npanoM ,n;icTaJIMCH KopoHi: 3aTopchKe i1 OcseHI~iMChKe. Oceeu~U.t- o.uHe 3 BHll\e3ra.uaHHX MiCT, .n.epes'.siHe MicTo Ha.u o6onoHHIO, 3aMOK TaKO)K .n.epes'HHMM, o6ninJieHMH rJIMHOIO, CTOITb Ha)l. pi"'KOIO Cnaso10 3a ciM MHJih si.n. KpaKosa. flpanop ?JMZO noeimy: 'tlopuuil opeJL, ua zjryORX

Mae [.!Limepy] 0. 3arnop- .n.epes'HHe MicTo i3 3aMKOM Ha.n. piKOIO Bicno10, Te)K np11

o6o11oHi Jie)KHTh, si.u KpaKosa- n 'HTh MMJih. BoHo 6y11o KOJIMCb CTOJIM~eiO u;horo KHH3iBCTBa. llpanop: opeA Jta3ypoeozo 'KOA'bopy, Jt'Kuil Mae na zjJy-

iJRx .!Limepy Z. ,Z:{i.ll.M"' ~hOro 3aTOpCbKOro KHH3iBCTBa 6ys y6MTHH nOJibCbKMM WJIHXTM"'eM Cn:HTKOM MMwKOBChKMM, i 3 Toro qacy BOHO .n.icTanocH KopoHi.

CAH~OMHPChKA3EMAH CauiJoMup - ronosHe MiCTO, HKe OTO"'eHe M}'POM, soHo Jie)KMTb Ha ropi Ha..A piKOIO BicJioiO; Bit( Kpai<osa - 22 MHJii. BoHo 6yno 36y.n:osaHe me 3a H3M"'HMU:bKHx MOHapxis, a 3pyiiHoBaHe TaTapaMH 1240 poKy. I I (c. 243) rep6: ope.!L i 'KopO.!L'b ua npecmoAi. MyposaHHM 3aMOK OMMBa€ 3 niB.ll.HH BiCJia.

Bono Mae ma1ei uauzo.1wonimi nooimoei Micma:

Xen?J,iHu- MicTo Ha cKeJI.HCTOMY MiCid, M}'posaHldi aaMoK Ha Bl1COKiif CKeni aa TpuHa.z:u..tnTb MHJib si.u KpaKosa. BoHo cnasHe BH.z:to6yrKoM naaypi Ta M3pMfPOBOrO KaMeHIO. )le.HKi TBep~.HTbt m;o TaM MicTJITbC.H i% ( llOKJia):tM]

cpi6JJa.

265

KHHrA I KojNuu- Hone .nepen'.Hue MicTo, M}'POBaHidi 3aMOK Ha,n piKOIO Bic.no10, l..{e MicTO 3Bi,nyci.Jxb OTO'I)'IOTb 6arHa. BiCAUyR- MiCTO, OTO'leHe MypoM, BOHO Jie)KHTb Mi)K 60JIOTaMM, 3 .HKHX BMTiKa€ piKa Hi,na. TaM 6yna nenHKa KinbKicTb piaHoro ra.n,n.H, 3Miii Ta .Hll(ipoK, ane ix Tenep Y*e nonuraH.HJIH. llin:b3uo- ,nepen '.HHe MicTo ua,n piKoiO BicnoKOM. On(Jlt'HO- MYPOBaHe MicTo Ha,n piKOIO TiiJibi..{OIO. Pao().M- MicTo, oTo'leHe MypoM, ne)KHTb Ha pinHHHi. llo.Jta'lte1J,'b- ,nepen'.HHe MicTo Mi* narop6aMH. 3aeuxocm- ,nepen'.HHe MicTo Ha,z:J; BicnoiO, MyposaHHH aaMOK Ha.u; Qi€10 )K piKOIO. )J(ap1-toB- .nepen '.HHe MicTe'iKO. MwwzoUJ.- ,nepes'.HHe MicTe'lKO. I I (c. 244)

CeHaTopH CaH,n;OMHpcbKOi 3eMJii CaH,noMupcbKi BO€Bo,na i KaniTeJI.HH. BiCJIHQbKHH pa,noMCbKHH 3aBHXOCTCbKHH KaniTeJI.HH )KapHOBCbKHH MaJIOrOCbKHH noJiaHel..{bKHH

3e.MC'b'KUU npanop "&'bOZO 806800Cm8a menep po30806'HUU: ua OO'HiU nOA08U1ii mpu 1UjJBO'HUX no.JLR, a mpu - 6iftux, a ua opyziu - 6AaKUm'lte nOM 3 mfrboMa p.RoaMU 3ipOK maKUM :>ICe 'l.{,U'HOM, .RK ZOBOpUAOC.R 8U1~e.

JIIOEJIIHCbKA 3EMJIJI

JI106Ai'H -

MypoBaHe MiCTO, OTO'ieHe .n;onKona ponoM i 6arHHCTHMH cTaBKaMH. 3aMOK npeKpacHo CTOITb Ha BHcoKiii ropi Ha,n; BeJIHKHM 03epOM, OToqeHHH rJIH60KHM pOBOM. Y 1..\bOMY MicQi ni.n;6ynaiOTbC.H TPH'li Ha piK .HpMapKH, .HKi Tp11'BaiOTb tiOTHpH TH)KHi: noqaTOK nepmoro npRna.n;a€ Ha CB.HTKH, .n;pyrHH - Ha J(eHb ens. anocToJiiB CHMOHa Ta IOJ(H, TpeTii1- Ha CB.HTO CTpiTeHH.H ,l(iBH Mapil, RKe asuqaiiHo HaaJ.maiOTb rpoMHHQ.HMH. Ha 1..\i RpMapKH a'I.>KJJ.)KaiOThCR KynQi 3 J(aJieKHX CTOpiH: rypKH, sipMeHH, rpeKH, HiMI..{i, JIHTBa H MOCKBa Ta iHllli 06J1'BaTeJii HaBKOJIHlllHix i J(aJieKHX Kpalu. €spel aaceJIRJIH, sna)KaH, see ni.n;aaM"le y nepe.n;MicTi, TaM )Ke BOHH MaiOTb i CBOIO KOliiTOBHY CHHarory, a6o )K 60)KHHI..{IO. lli.l( aaMKOM npoTiKa€ piKa EHcTpHL\n. Jlro6JiiH BiJ.J.J.J.iJinE ni.l( CaHJ.J.OMHpa tiOTHpHa,D;L\.HTb MHJih, ni.n; KpaKosa- 36 MHJih, si.n; BiJibHa- ciMJ.J.eCRT, ni.n; BapmanH- 24 MHJii. A .HKi He6eaneKH 6ysan11 y QhOMY MicTi, on Hey€ icTopi.s~ KpoMepa, 'K'UUZU 7, 8, 9, 10 i m. a.

Iloeimoei Micma v,ici. 3eMJli Y:J~Cmoye- .n;epes '.HHe MicTo, .HKe mHpoKo poan.Hrnoc.H Ha,n; oaepoM; ni.n;

)lJ06JiiHa - ciM MHJib.

266

KHMrA I JlyxOB- ,uepes'.HHe MiCTO, Jie)l(MTb Ha npOCTOpi Ha piBHHHi, BOHO OTOI.IeHe 3 O,UHOfO 6oKy 6arHHCTHM 60JIOTOM, a 3 .npyroro- Ba.JIOM; ni.n Jho6niHa 14 MH:Jlb. ll,ei1: IIODiT € CaM DO co6i ,l{OCHTb BeJIHKMM. flap'lf.eB- ,n.epeB' .SIHe MiCTO, .HKe Jie)KHTb Ha piBHHHi Ha)J. BeJIHKHM 03ep0M 3a .n.es '.HTb MI1llb si.n. Jli06JiiHa. Ka3wtup-nanoJIOB11.HY MyposaHe MicTo Mi)l( KaM'.HHHMH cKeJUIMH Hat{ BiCJIOIO, .siKe po3TarnosaHe 3a ciM MHJib si,n JJI06JiiHa. lli,n qac noseHi Bicna iioro 3a.JIHBaE Mai1::)Ke Hanonom·m y. I I (c. 245) Jli06JiiHCbKa 3eMJI.H MaE ,l{BOX HaJ:iBa)I(JIHBilllHX CeHaTOpiB, T06TO BO€BO.D.y H KaWTeJI.HHa. 3e.MC'b'KUU npanop: 6illuu Oile1i'b i3 30JZOmUM o~ 1w wui" 1-w 'liejJBO'IW.MY nOJZi, ma?CUM 1lU1iOM:.

Ilpo aeMJii i1 nosiTH BeJIHKoi IIoJih~i

TI03HAHCbKA 3EMJIH Ilo31ia1t'b€ npeKpaCHHM MicTOM, CTOJIH-

.QeiO BeJIHKoi lloJih~i. BoHo CTOITb noMi)l( ropaMH ua.n. cy.n.HOIIJiaBHOIO piKoiO BapToiO, a 3 .n.pyroro 6oKY- Hat{ pi'IKOIO, .HKa Ha3HBaETbC.H TipocHa (Przosna); BOHO OTO'IeHe )J.BOMa MypaMH Ta rJIH60KMM BaJIOM, y HbOMY KpaCHBi 6y.n.nHKH, cnopy)J.)KeHi oco6JIHBMM 'IMHOM 3 TecaHoro KaMiHH.H. Horo 3aMOK 3MyposaHMH Ha BMCOKiif ropi Mi)l( piKaMM BapTOIO Ta TI poCHOIO. lloHa.ZI. 6eperaMH piKM BapTH npocT.HrJIHC.H nepe,nMicT.H, BOHH OTO'IeHi ,nosKoJia o3epaMM Ta 6arHHCTMMM 6oJioTaMM. Ui nepe.n.MicTH pa3oM 3 HaBKoJJHwHiMH ceJiaMH qacTo TaK CHJibHO 3aTOIIJIIOIOTbCH BapToiO, KoTpa po311HBa€TbC.H ni.zl qac noseui, ~o qacoM 3-ni.n. so.n.n MO)l(Ha no6a'IHTH TiJibKH sepXH 6y.niseJib. I caMe MYPOBaHe MicTo qacTo so.na TaK CHJibHO 3aJIHBaE, I I (c. 246) ~o iforo )KHTeJii MYC.HTb ni.n. qac noseHi ua pnHKY Ta no BYJIMI.l.HX

267

KHHrA I nepeao3HTHCH [ qoaHaMH]. O,nHaK 1.d noaeHi He TPHBaiOTb 6inhwe HK ,naa, MaKCHMYM TPH ,nHi. Y IloaHaHi TPH paaw Ha piK ai,n6yaaiOTbCH npeKpacHi HpMapKH. Ilepmwi:f HpMapoK HacTae o,npaay >K ia noqaTKOM nocry i TPMBae npoTHroM qoTHphox TM:>KHiB. ,ll;pyndi no'IMHa€ThCH a ,neHb ca. IoaHHa XpecTMTeJIH i TPMBae n 'SITb TM>KHiB. TpeTiif - s ,neHb ca. apxaHreJia MMxaiJia, siH Te:>K aaTpwMye Kyn~iB Ha n'HTb TH>KHiB. fep6 ~boro MicTa: TPH se:>Ki i .nsa KJIIO'Ii B 6paMi.

Iloeimoei Micma y Ilo3uauc'bKiu 3eM.Jl,i MicTo Koq~,RHJie)l(HTb 3a 7 MMJib ai,n Do3HaHi Ha piBHMHi Mi:>K 6arHMcTMX 6oJiiT, Ma€ )l.Ba MypM, a TpeTiM- BaJI 6iJHI HHX. Mea3uJICett- JJ.epes'HHe MicTo, SIKe Jie>KHTb Ha Kop.n.oHi CaKCOHCbKoi Ta DoMopcbKOi 3eMeJib, Ha piBHMHi Mi>K BOl\aMH Ta 6arHHCTMMH 6oJioTaMH, 3BiJJ.KH i1 B3HJIO cso10 Ha3sy. MyposaHHM 3aMOK, SIKHM .n.o6pe yKpinJieHHH npHpO.LI.OIO Ta CBOIM p03TamysaHHSIM Ha MiCI.~i, OTOl.JeHHH MypoM, BaJIOM Ta )l.OCI1Tb rJIH60KHM pOBOM, BHaCJii)l.OK l.JOrO HOrO HeMO)l(JIMBO B3HTM .>KO)l.HMM cnoco6oM, xi6a ~o roJIO.UOM. HiMe~hKi KHH3i, TaKO)l( i xpecToHoc~i KiJibKa pa3iB ,noKyl.JaJIM Micry TPHBaJIOIO o6JioroiO, I I (c. 247) o.n.HaK 6e3ycnimHo, TOMY BOHH MYCMJIH i3 copoMOM noaepTaTHC.H Ha3a.LJ.. Bi.u. Do3HaHi MicTo 3HaXOJJ.l1TbCSI 3a TPHHa.LJ.~.SITh MHJih. Ocmxewye (Ostrzeszow) - .u.epes'HHe MicTo, KOTpe po3TamosaHe np11 CaKCOHCbKOMY KOp.U.OHi i Ill11p0KO npOCTHrJIOCSI Ha piBHMHi; llOrO 3Bi.U.yCiJih OTOqyiOTb JIICH. Bcxoe (Wschow) - MypoaaHe MicTo Ha piBHI1Hi, .HKe Jie:>KHTb 3a OJJ.HHaJJ.QHTh MHJib Bi.LJ. Il03HaHi. flW-e.McoK (Przemsk), IlpeMe'l (Premecz), Poro3HO (Rogozno)- .n.epes'HHi MiCTa, KOTpi HaJJ.eiKaTb )].0 fl03HaHCbKOrO ypH/-\y, B HIIX Bi.U.6ysaiOTbCH 3eMCbKI CY.LJ.M.

268

KHMrA I

Tio3HaHChi<J.n1

{

€niiCKOll

llibpeMCbKUH

noEno.n;a I<arnTeJI.RH

Me~311){(eQbKI1i1

{

KalllTenm-I ( 11)

llrneMeQbKHi1 Poro3HHChKI1t'I

npanop II03JWU.Cb1<0i" 3e.AtlLi: 6i.ttuu ojJeA 6e3 xopouu 3po3npocmepmUMU xpWLaMU ma'KUM 'tlU1iO.M, R'K AtacUl8UUJe {1ta JMJ../t101i'K)l}.

KAJIICbKA 3EMJ1H KMim-

MyponaHe MicTo, .RI<e po3TarnosaHe y Bi~oKpeMJieHOMY H 3aXH~eHOMY MiCI.~i Mi){( 60JIOTaMH Ha)); piKOIO npocHOIO. 3aMOK 6yn MYPOBaHHM, ane tioro 3py:HHyBaJIJ.1 xpecTOHOCQi, 1111. .. lllHJIHCSI TlJihKM PYJHH Qhoro 3aMKy. Tep6: 'tl0p1ia 6pa.Ma 8

cmiui i iJei

BeJICi, MiJIC R'KUMU 'tlO.ftOBi'K mpy6um'b

y mpy6y.

T'H£:mo- Qe MiCTO, OTO"'eHe ));OBKOJia Mi~HHM M}'POM, BOHO p03TalllOBa-

. .

He Ha p1BHI1Hl Ml){( 03epaMI1 Ta KaM SIHI1CTHM11 CKeJUI.M H, npoCJiaBHJIOCSI .RK apxi€ni1CKOllCbKa CTOJIH~SI. IJ;e MiCTO HaMnepiDHM cepe~ ycix iHIDHX y flOJibiU:i 36y~BaB Jlex- KepiBHHK i BO)K)J.b llOJILCLKOrO Hapo,zzy, KOJIH nepe,n; QHM 6yn 3MYPOBaHHM KpaKiB, KOJIHIDHSI KoponiBCbKa CTOJIHQSI; TaM EoneCJiaB Xopo6p11ti KopoHonaHHM KoponiBCbKOIO KopoHoro pHMCLKHM iMnepaTopoM OrroHOM, a ~10 KopoH}' 11 ~oci BHKopHCTOByiOTh noJibCLKi Koponi. Y QbOMY MicTi € TYM- cnaBHHM Kacpe.n;panbHHM KOCThOJI, ~e Tino en. Boi1Qexa, npa3bKoro EnHCKona, cnotiHBa€ /1.0 focno,n;Hboro Cy~. U:e MicTo CTOITb 3a 14 MIUib Bill. Kanima, a Bill. Oo3HaHi- 3a ciM MI1Jlb. Y HbOM}' 6ysaiOTb npeKpacHi HpMapKH, oco6JIHBO B ,n.eHL CB. BotiQexa. 3 Qboro MicTa, SIK DHI.I.I}'Th icTopHKH, 3a naH)'BaHnSI EonecnaBa Tiepmoro BHXO~HJIO pHQapchKHX nro~e:H, J,n.aTHHX ,n.o 6HTBH, B naHQHpax THCSitia TpHcTa. A Ji IllHTaMH BHXO~HJIO ix 4000. 3aMOK, SIKHH MaihKe 3aHenan, 3Hony no6ylJ.YBaB Ha BHCOKiti ropi Ka3HMHP BeJIHKHM. IlUJiJpu- M)'ponaHe MicTo, SIKe Jieji(HTL Ha piBHHHi Mijl( nicaMH noHa.n; piKoiO BapTOIO 3a 9 MHJih Bill. Kanima. I I (c. 248) Bapma- BeJIHKe MicTo, SIKe po3TamonaHe H3/l. OlJ.HOMMeHHOIO piKoiO. Kmtiu- MYPOBaHe MicTo i3 3aMKOM, SIKe OMHBa€ piKa BapTa. J(o HLoro He MO:>KHa yBiMTH iHaKme, .HK qepe3 MOCTH. Bi,n. Kanima- BiciM MHJib. Ha1C.IlO-,u;epeB'SIHe MiCTO H3/l. piKOIO HoTe~h, JJ:Ka BHTiKa€ 3 03epa ronJIO. A JaMOK po3TamoBaHHM Mi:>K 6onoTaMH Ha MiCI.d, SJKe e H3/1.3BHtialiHo o6opOHHHM. J!Rud- MiCTO Hall. piKOIO BapTOIO, rn:o Bill. rHe3Ha 3a 4 MHJii. Cayn?&a- MiCTO, JJ:Ke ,ZJ;OBKOJia OToqeHe ,ZJ;OCHTb MiQHHM MypoM i 6awTaMH, BOHO Jie)I(HTh H3/l. pii<oro BapToiO. KOJUJ- .n.epeB'SIHe MicTo, oTotieHe napKaHOM, BOHO pa30M i3 JaMKOM OToqeHe lJ.OBKOJia pii<oiO BapToiO, po3TamoBaHe aa 8 MHJib B~ Kaniwa. J!R..W i KaM'SIHeQL- MicTa Ha noMopcLI<HX I<Op.AoHax.

269

KHHrA I Haiisa)K]ntsimi ceHaTop11 KanicbKoi 3eMJii ApxienMcKon rH€JHeHCbKiu1 } BoEno.na KanicbKHH KamTeJUIH Ka.JiicbKMH

fH€3HeHChKMM KamTeJUIH

{

HaKeJibCbKHH K}'MiHCbKHH "' JUIH~eHCbKHH

3e.MCb'Kuii npanop nwKuii: 20A08a 3y6pa, .R:Jca Atae 30Aomy KopoHy noMi:JIC po2i8, -ttepe3 ?ti3api npomR2nyme Kia'bye. IlOJUl,- .RK y maxiBHuyi: 6iai ii -ttepBoni, maKUM 'ltU'HO.M. I I (c. 249)

C€PNJ:3bKA 3EMJ1H CepaaJ'b- .nepes'siHe MicTo, SIKe ,nonKona y~<pinJieHe M)'pOM, a MyponaHHM JaMoK Ha)J. piKoJO BapToJO cToiTh Heno.naniK MiCTa. QSI npoBiHQiSI KOJIHCh BBa)l(a.JiaCSI npeKpaCHMM y.lJ.iJibHHM KHSI3iBCTBOM, KOTpe 3 _naBHiX t.IaciB Ha.Jie)l(a.JIO KOpOJiiBChKHM CHHaM.

Tep6: mpu

oexi 3 oaniew 6paM01o, a Ha cepeaniu Bexi - ope.A.

lloeimoei Micma y 'IJ,iil 3e.M.Jli BeA10H'b- MicTo, SIKe oToqeHe MiQHHM MypoM Ta 6aniTaMH i1 rJIH6oKHM ponOM. MicTO pa30M

i3 3aMKOM OMHBa€ piKa npocHa.

Caae?C- ,nepes' SIHe MicTo Ha pinHHHi Ha)J. o3epoM. BoHo po3TamonaHe Ja n 'SITh MHJih si.n CEpa.1J.3SI. fluomPKyB- MypoBaHe MiCro, SIKe JIC)I(HTh TIOMi)l( 6arHHCTHMH MicQ.SlMM.

Tyr 3BHt.IaMHO lll.Opm<y si.n6ysaJOThCSI TpH6)'Ha.JihChKi cy,n11, Ha SIKHX Ja Jro,nmo KOpOHHHX naHiB po3fJISI,naJOTbCSI fOJIOBHi cnpaBH. Y nepe,nMiCTi- KOpOJiiBCbKMM )J.Bip Ta BC)I(a, ,ne po3rJIH)J.aJOTbCH cy,noni cnpaBM. f.foro OTOt.IyE fJIH60KHM pis. Ha QiH )I(C nJIOlll.i CTOHTh lll.iJibHO O)J.MH KOJIO .npyroro 6y.1J.HHKH ETIHCKonin Ta iHlliHX KOpOHHHX naHiB. 3a MiCTOM, ni)J. BCCCJIHM ra€M, HKHH Ha3HBa€TbCH Eyraii,- TaKO)I( ,nepes'HHHM ,nnip, J6y.nonaHHM rapHo i1 neJIHKHM KOlllTOM.

270

KHHrA I Y HbOM)' ni,n 'l.JaC ceHM)' a6o .H.KOrOCh 3 '13,1.()' MeWKa€ Ha CBi)KOMY noaiTpi KOpOJJb BJiaCHOlO nepCOHOIO

i3 yciM ,ZI.BOpOM.

PoJnJKa- .n.epea 'SIHe MicTo, .H.Ke JJe)KHTb Ha piBHHHi noMi)K 6onoTaMH. Cnil!,U.M£JIC - .n.epes '.SIHe MicTo.

Y 1..\iii CEpa,zJ.3hKii1 3eMJii WJJSIXTa Ma€ TaKe npan11no, 3ai<pinneHe npHBiJJeSIM11 OOJlbCbKHX KOpOJiiB IX MOCTeH: J.l"l06 Bci BOHH D.iKHBaJIH ,ZI.JlSI 3aneqaT)'BaHHSI nncTiB t.~epBOHHi1 sicK. PaHiwe )K y 1..\HX nposiHL\iSix .iKO,ZI.HOMY WJISJXTWIY He BiJlbHO 6yJio qepBOHHM BOCKOM neqaTaTH (JIMCTM], a TiJibKH seJIHKI1M naHaM Ta 3eMChKHM ypSI.ZI.HHKaM KopoJISI i1oro MOCTi.

A 1..\e niwno

OCb l.J.OMy: KOJIH npyccaKH BeJIH BeJII-fKY DiHHY npOTI1 flOJUIKiB, TO JieHqHL\SIHH

6pm: po36HTi npyccbKHMH xpecTOHOCL\SIMH i1 BTpaTHJJH npanop csoro

BO€BO.ZI.CTBa, ane C€pa,zJ.3SI:HH np11MIIIJIH iM Ha .n.onoMory, si.n.61111M npanop y BOporiB, a IX caMHX po3rpOMI1Jll1. npo iHwi BHna,ZI.KH 1..\bOfO BO€DO,ZI.CTBa 6iJihWe npoqHTa€III y (iHlllHX] icTOpHKiB.

CeHaTopH C€p~3hKOI 3eMJii Bo€Bo,na {

KaniTeJISI:H

Po3n.iKeChKHM C€pa,zJ.3bKHH

{

CniL\HM€3bKHM

KamTeJJSIH

BeJIJOHChKHM

(c. 250) 3e.MC'b'Kuu npanop 'l!,iei· JeM.Jl,i: no.ltOBU1ia 'llepeouozo Aeea, no.ltoBU-

ua 'ltopnozo op.~ta B'llepeouoMy no.1ti y 3Momiu ?Copoui, ma'KUM 'llUUOM:

TaKo)K BeJIIOHCbKHif nosiT Ma€ cnii1 BJiacHHM npanop: arHe~b Eo)KHM

i3 xpeCTOBHM npanopoM y t.JepBOHOMY llOJii.

JIEHq11UbKA 3EMJIH Jieu1tU1pt

(Lanczyca) -

MicTO, OTOt.JeHe

.AOBKOJia MypoM Ta ponoM, BOHO Jie>KHTb Ha piBHHHi Mi>K 6onoTaMH, MypoBaHHM 3aMoK Ha ropi Te>K oTot.JeHHH poBoM, i:ioro OMHBa€ piKa E3ypa. TaM

271

KHIIrA I >Ke B CeJii Ka<JleApa.llbHMM KOCTbOJI TyM, 36y.n;oBaHMM BeJIMKMM KOWTOM 3 KBa.n;paTuoro KaMeHIO. MicbKHM rep6: TPM Be)Ki 3 o.n;HiEro 6paMOIO i T./1,.

IIooimooi Micma 1ti6i" 3eMJti 0pJLo8- .n;epeB'.HHe MiCTO,

.HKe Jie>KMTb 3a qQTMpM MMJii Bi.n; JleHqJu.d. Horo 6opoHMTb 3 o.n;uoro 6oKy mnpoKa 6onoTMCTa piKa, a 3 .n;pyroro- 6arHMCTe o3epo. Y 1.\bOM}' nosiTi € MicTo lluourn.eK, .RKe Jie)KMTb Ha.n; piKoiO EJyporo Mi>K 6arHMCTMMM 6onoTaMu. TaM sap.HTb TaKe .n;o6pe n11so, mo soHo cJiaBMTbC.H no sciii Kopoui. (c. 251) EJ1Ce.1iua- .n;epes '.HHe MicTo, .HKe .n;ocMTb m11poKo npocT.Hrnoc.H noMi)K 6oJIOTaMM, BOHO po3TaUIOBaHe 3a ciM MMJib si.n; JleHq11.1~i.

KoHa>KeB, IHOBJIOJl:3b, EExos Ta 6araTo iumux .n;epes '.HHMX MicT i MicTeqoK, .HKi ni.n;nop.H.n;KOBaHi JleHqHni.

CeHaTopM JleH"t.JMUhKOi 3eMJii BoEso.n;a { KawTeJI.HH

JieHqMQbKHM {

TimeMMCbKMM KoHapcbKMM IHOBJIO.U,3bKMM EEXOBCbKHM

KaniTeJI.HH

3eMco?Cuu npanop: nwweuua 6i.Jwzo opAa, noJLoeuua 1iopuozo .MBa y 30Aomiu ?Copoui, ma?CUM 'tiUUoM: I I (c. 252)

KYRBChKA,AEOIHOBPOUHABCbKA3EMA~ l r108pOW£a8- BeJIMKe MicTo, .HKe Jie)J(JiTb noMi:>K 6oJioTaMH Hall. Bicnoro, TYT MaE cso10 pe3MAeHQiiO MicQesui1 EnHcKon. Q.H KpaiHa € nepeBa)KHO 6oJIOTI1CTOIO, JiiCI1 y HiH TpanJI.HIOTbCSI pi.n;KO, TOMY MemKaHQi .n.y)f(e Bill.qynaiOTb 6paK 11.epesa. EuozoUJ,- MyponaHe MicTO Ha.n. piKoiO BapToiO, KOTpOIO ne3yTb TOnapn 3 Bem1Koi TioJihlld Ha Bicny. BoHo Jie:>KHTh Ha po3noria AOJIHHi 3a wicTb MHJih Bill. BpoQJiasa.

272

l{HHrA I

UH JeMJHI Ma€ Tpbox HaHoa>KJJuoinmx ceHaTopin. BoEno.n.y KatuTe;uma

{

Y 6H;u·ocuKoro KanrreJJRHa

3e.McoKuu npanop: 1WJWBU 1-w 6i.Jwzo op.aa, no.aoeuH.a 'llopuozo .aeea y 3o.aomono.ai, y 30.!lomiu Kopo-rli, maKuM 1 tU'HOM:

I I (c. 253) E)KECbQbKA 3EMJI.H D:JiceC'b'lf/b- MyposaHe MicTo, HKe Jie-

>KHTb Ha piBHI1Hi noMi>K 6oJioTaMI1, soHo YKPinneHe nOTY>KHHMI1 6auiTaMH, BaJIOM i rJIH60KI1M pOBOM.

273

KHHrA I

,4o uw2o UaJte:JICam'b ?&i nooimu: PaiJ3eiioe- ~epen 'HHe MicTo, HKe Jie)KMTb y necenoMy noJii H3A mHpOKMM o3epoM.

KpymeiYR- .n;epen 'HHe MicTo, 36y.n;onaHe o.n;pa3y )K nicJIH fHE3Ha; BOHO

i1 MyponaHHH 3aMoK JieiKaTb Ha,n; 03epoM fonno. 3 Qboro o3epa KOJIMCb BMHIIIJIM MMilli i TaM iKe B 3aMKf 3'IJIM DOJibCbKOfO KOpOJIH, a6o, IllBM,l(Uie, KHRJH TioneJIR, npo mo ,n;OKJI(!AHime 6yno HanMcaHo BMme B icTopii npo Qhcr ro xoponH. Y QbOMY MiCTi 6yna KOJII1Cb CTOJIMQR nOJibCbKMX KOpoJiiB, aJie noTiM ii nepeHeCJIM .n;o KpaKona. Koea.rtwe- .n;epen'HHe MicTo, HKe JieiKMTb y 6oJIOTMCTMX MiCQRX. I 1

(c. 254) CeHaTopn E)KeCbiJ;bKOi aeMJii Boeno,l(a { KauiTeJIHH

6)KeCbQbKMH { KpymniQhKI1H KoBaJIIOBCbKMH

KalllTeJIRH

3eMCOKUU npanop maKUU Ca.MUU, JlK i iuoepov,;ta6CbKUU, 6o mo 6yAo oaH-e 60€eoacmeo, JlKe coozoaui p03ai.Jteuo 'Jia aei 'ltaCmU'IiU: OiJ'liOZO 60E60iJy 36Jm'b 6JiceC'b1!,1r KUM, a iJpyzozo - iuoepo1!,Aa6CbKUM, JlK MaelU 6U~e.

PABChKA 3EMJIJI Paea - Hai:fna)KJIMBirne MicTo y QbOM}' noeno.n;cTBi. BoHo JleiKMTb Ha IIIMpoKii:f pinHMHi, a 3aMoK 3MyponaHMH Ha ropi Ha,n; o3epoM Pasa. Horo HaKaJas ni.n;peMoHrysaTM Ka3MMMP BenMKMH, npo mo mMpllle: KpoMep, Knuza 12. Uei:f BOJlo.n;ap 6araTbOX iHIIIMX noJihCbKHX Koponis nepenm.I.(MB I.l.(O.ZJ.O Jia,n;y, B rocno.n.apcTsi i1 6y.l(iBHMQTBi, i 3a Qe cJiylllHO i:foro np03BaJIM Ka3MMMPOM BeJIMKMM. 3a i:foro naHynaHHR nol.iaJIM TaKOiK 6iJibiiie I<ap6ynaTM noJibCbi<oi MOHeTM, a nepe.n; QMM 6yJlo 6inhwe lllKipHHMX rpomei:f. Ha Qii% MOHeTi 3 O,li.HOfO 6oxy 6yB open, a 3 iHlllOfO - KOpOJib Ha npeCTOJii, HKMH TPMMa€ B pyQi CKineTp; HanMc )Ke Ha MOHeTi TaKMH: «Moneta Regis Casimiri Secundi». H1-mi B)Ke pi.n.Ko MOiKHa no6a'-JMTM td rpollli. TaKO)I( np11 Ka3HMHpi CTaJIM HaKJia.n;aTM ne'-laTKM Ha JIHCTH. Uei:f soJio.n;ap 3acHysas 6araTo iHmMX MicT i KOCTbOJiin y KopoHi DoJihCbKii%, HK-OT: Ka3MMMP 6iJIH KpaKosa, CKaBHHa, 0JihKYlll, EeH)J.3iH, JleJiyn, BicJlMQR, OnoqHo, lilM.D.JIOB, Pa.n;oM, Jlro6JiiH, CTaniiiiHH, Kanim, DM3/I.pH, BeJIIOHb, JleHt.JMl~R, TIJlOQbK, KoHiH, Di:foTpKys, CHHOK, KopocHo, Tt.~en, O)Ke)KHiQa Ta .n;y)l(e 6araTo iHlllHX MicT i 3aMKiB, 51K-OT: 3aMOK 003HaHCbKMH, KaJiiCbKMH, CaH,l(OMMpCbKMH, lllM,li.JIOBCbKMH, 6oJiecJiaBCbKMH, OCT)I(emyBCbKMH, BeJIIOHChKHi1, JieJiyBChKMll, JI511-'QKOpOHCbKiil1, '-IOplliTHHCbi<HH, 3aBMXOCTCbKMH, COJieQbKMH, HaKeJibCbKHH, Me.l(3MiKeQbKiiH, 6M.l(f0CbKI1H, JII06at.JOBCbKI1H, Tepe6oneJibCbKllll, raJIJ1Qbi<MH, nepeMI1CbKHH, BHmerpo.n.ci>KH11 i niiie.n.6opcbKHi1. Dpo Qe MaEm IIIMPWMH BMKJla.n; npw om1ci iioro )I(HTT51.

274

KHHrA I

IIoeimoei A-tienza 1f,i6i' 3e.MJLi Coxa1q8- MaE 3 O,UHOro 6oKy napKaH, 3 .upyroro M.oro OMMBa€ piKa o3ypa, Ha,zJ. »KOJO CTOITb O,li.HOHMeHHHM MyponaHMM 3aMOK. Focmu'H i1i- Jie)KIITb Mi)K 6arHMCTI1MM 60JIOTaMM, a 3aMOK 3MyponaHHH Ha m1coKii1 ropi , i1oro 6opoHHTh 6oJioTa 1'1 posH. F(L]tt6iu-Te)K HenoraHe MiCTe'lKO, HKe lli11p0KO p03JI.HrJIOC.H Ha piBHHHi Mi)K 6oJioTaMH. I

I (c. 255) HaifBa.JKJIHBimi ceHaTopH u,iEi 3eMJii

BOEBO)J.a KamTeJIRH

{ paBCbKHM

KamTeJI»H

COXa'lyBCbKMM roCTHHiHChKMM

3e.MC'bKUU npanop: 'liopuuu opeA y 'llepeouoMy noAi, na zpyaRx RKozo 30Jtoma Aimepa R, maKUM 'llUUOM:

IIJIOL(hKA3EMJIJI Il.aoY,'b'IC - MfPOBaHe MiCTO Ha ropi

piKOIO BiCJIOIO, BOHO 6yJio 3aCHOBaHe I..Qe 3a11311'lHMQbKI1X MOHapxiB. rep6: TPH Be)l(i 3 O)J.HiEIO 6paMOIO. €nHCKOD MaE TaM HHHi CBOJO pe3H)J.eHQiiO. 3aMOK Te>K MyponaHHM, cToiTh Ha BHcoKiii ropi. Ue BOEBO)J.CTBO 3)J.aBHa Ja npupoon'U.M npaooM ( iure naturalz) Ha.Jie)l(aJIO )J.O KopoHH, aJie noTiM 6y;m niAZJ,ineue. Cno'laTK}'- 36irHEBY ni.n BJI~HCJiana fepMaHa, noTiM BoJieCJianoni Kyqep11BOMY ni.u EoneCJiana KpHnoycToro. I I (c. 256) Hall\~KH EoJiecnana Kyqep11noro nauynaJIH B QHX Kpa11X a)K )J.O qaciB CJiirbMYH)J.a nepmoro. A no CMepTi KH11311 BoneCJiana, CHHa BaJ.VIanonoro, BOHO np1dhnno 11.0 KopoHH, O)J.HaK B)l(e Ja cpeolJ,aJibHHM npanoM (iurefeudali) . ITpo Qe- Kpo.MefJ, ?Cuuza 12.

lloeimoei Micma 'ljiEi" 3e.MAi DM'bCbK-ll.epen'.HHe MicTo Ha piBHHHi, 11Ke po3TaWOBaHe 3a 2 MHJii si.n lliO.QbKa.

275

KHMrA I

Pa7&'bOU:JIC- ,nepeB '.HHe MicTo Mi* 6oJIOTaMM, .HKe po3TamoBaHe Ja MHJib Bi,n fiJIOI..'(bKa.

Crnpo (Siepro) -

,nepen '.HHe MicTo Ha ropi Mi* 6oJioTaMM, Bi,n IlnoQhKa-

II'.HTb Ml1Jib.

lll'bpe1-te'b'K- ,nepen '.HHC MicTO Ha piBHHHi; MypoBaHHM 3aMOK Mi)K 60JIOTaMM i:f6arHaMM, Bi,n fiJIOI..'(hKa- 10 MMJib. MAa8a- ,nepen'.HHe MicTo 6iJI.H npyccbKoro Kop,noHy, ni,n fiJIOQhKao,nMH3,ll.Q.HTb MMJib. Ue MicTo OMMBa€ O)l.HOi1MeHHa pitiKa. flAOUC'b'K- ,nepeB' .HHe MicTO 3a BiciM MMJib Bi,n fiJIOI..'(hKa. PaiJJauo8- ,nepen'.HHe MicTo Ha,n piKoiO YKpoiO, MyposaHMM JaM OK Ha ropi Mi:>K 60JIOTaMM 3a BiciM MMJib Bi,n fiJIOI..'(bKa.

CeHaTopH ~i€1 3eMJii €nMCKOII {

Bo€Bo,na

IIJIOI..'(bKMM

PaQbOH3hKMi1 { CenpcbKMM ( sierpski)

KalliTCJUI H

KamTeJI.HH

(c. 257) 3eMC'b'Kuii npanojx 1Wjmuii ope.A, maKOJIC 'Ha 11.epoo1toMy noAi, o01-ta'K 1-ta zpyoRx y ojJJLa B 7&00MY npanopi P, a maM - R, oiu J.tac nwKuii ca.J.wii BUZJLRO, R'K Ma£Ut BU'l~e.

,l(0E)KI1HCbKA 3EMJIJI /1o6JtCu'l-t- )l.epen'.HHe MicTo, o6ne.n.eHe napKaHOM, .HKe JJe)KMTh Ha ropi Ha,n. piKOIO BicJIOIO. 3aMOK 6ys 3pyi1HonaHui1 xpecTOHOCI..'(.HMH. rep6: TPH Be:>Ki.

C.!to'ltC'b'K- )l.epeB ' .HHe MicTo Ha piBHHHi noH~ BicJioiO Ja .n.ni MHJii Bi.n. ,li.o6)KHHa. Puniu- .LI.epen'.HHe MicTo Ha pinHHHi, ni.LI. .lJ.o6)KnHa- 5 MIIJib.

276

KHHrA I Fo:HCHO - .n.epes'.sme MiCTO Mi)K JiiCaMH Ha narop6i, 3aXHUJ,eHe BaJJOM Ta

ponoM., ni.n. ,ll.o6)KnHa- micTb MHJib.

3a Qi

npoBiHIJ,ii flOJI.HKH BOIOBaJIH CTO

KiJibKa,ll.eOIT poKiB npOT11

npycciB Ta xpeCTOHOCU,LB.

CeHaTopH Qi€1 3eMJii ,lJ.06)K11HChK11H, pH n iHCbK11H, CJIOHCbKRn KaliJTeJI.HH11.

3atcoxu.u npanop: zo.twoa 't!OJLooixa 3 pozrutu 3 oooMa xopo'liaMU, OO'Iia 'lia zoAooi, a opyza UQ uwi:· MaA101lO'K- y ~801WJoty noAi, ma?CUM.1.£U1WM:

(c. 258) MA30BEIJ:bKE KH.H3IBCTBO

Ma30Bi.SI- BeJIHKa KpaiHa, a'E)l.HaHa 3 lloJibD.{eiO. BoHa Me»C)'€ Ha niBHO'Ii a npyccaMH, Ha cxo.n.i- 3 JIHTBOIO, TpoxH :ii,Ae Ha niB.n.eH&, .n.e nepe6}'Ba€ y 6JIH3bKOMY cyci,zJ.cTBi 3 pycc10. Ue KHJ13iBCTBO

277

KHMrA I KOJIHCb Mano cnoix KHH3in, 'ryT 6}'BaJIH y~i.nu KopoJiiBCbKHX CHHiB. AJie poKY 6o)Koro 1526 Ja 1.1acia Curi3MyH~a CTaporo, KOJIH noMepnH, 6y_zzyqH Mono~HMM, KHH3i HH i CTaHiCJiaB, €~HHi ~i~Mqi qboro KHH3iBCTBa, TO BOHO npm1-

IIIJIO ~0 KOpOJiiBCbKOfO CKap6y. )I(HTeJii THX KpaiB MaiOTb TaK}' )K MOBy, xi6a 11\0 TpoxH meneJIHBJIHTb. AJie B iHmHx peqax, n o~H3i, y 3BM"laHX, n penirii Ta Ha6o*eHCTBi o~HaKoBi 3 noJIHKaMM. My*i- cepAeqHi, M}'*Hi, xopo6pi, OXO"li ~0 npaqi H ~0 6010. llpo niHHH Ta piJHi BHllaAKH qbOfO KHH3iBCTBa OOBHO icTopiH y XpOHicTiB.

Ha:H:roJIOBHimi MicTa B Ma3oaii Bapmaoa- npeKpacHe MypoaaHe MicTo, CTOJIHUH nci€i MaJoaii. BoHa o6ae~eHa no~aiiiHHM poaoM, Jie)KHTb Ha piBHHHi noHaA Bicnoro. Mypoaa-

HHH JaMOK HaA ui€10 * piKoro npH MicTi. Tiepe~ Bapwaamo 6ya MicT qepe3 BiCJiy, J6y~oBaHHH KOWTOM KoponeBH AHHH, cecTpH KoponH CHri3MyH.I\a AarycTa. BiH cnaBMBCH no aciii KopoHi, ane HOM}' JaWKOAHJia noaiHb, i Tenep iioro BaJKKo ai~peMOHTYBaTH. Ue MicTo 6araTe aciJIHKHM npoaiaHTOM, TYT ~OCHTb 6araTHX Kynuia Ta Mi~aH, .I\O Taro )K BOHH TaKi nopH~Hi Ta 6oro6oH3Hi, ~0 He MO~b TepniTH Mi)K C060IO )KQAHOrO €peTHKa, He A03BOJIH10Tb iM MaTH caoix Kipx. BoHH He XOqyTb MaTH Mi)K co6o10 TaKHX cyci,I\iB, KOTpi ai.n.ipnan11cH aiA KaTOJIHUbKoi uepKBH. ToMy BOHH ai.n. focno.n.a Eora MaiOTb B ychOMf BTiXH i16naroCJioBeHHH, HKi, ~acTb focno~b Bor, MaTHMfl'b i ixHi Ha~aAKH. fep6: CupeHa. lJ.epCbK - ~epen 'HHe MiCTO Ha piBHHHi, HKe Jie)KHTb 3a n 'HTb MHJib Bi,I\ BapwaaH. MypoaaHHH3aMOK Ha ropi HaA Bicnoro. BiH MaE TPH BHCOKi seJfd, HOfO BH,I\HO 3~aJieKy. But.llezjJaiJ- ~epen'HHe MicTo Ha piBHHHi HaA BicJioiO, a i1oro MfPOBaHMH JaMoK Ha ropi. BoHo Jie)KHTb 3a 12 MHJib BiA Bapmaau. 3aKpCNUM- ,I\epen'HHe MicTo i MyposaHHH 3aMoK Ha~ Bicnoro, siciM MHJib BiA Bapwaa11. L(exauyo- MicTo, HKe Jie)KHTb Ha piBHHHi 3a 12 MHJib B~ BapmaaH. BoHo oTot.IeHe BaJIOM, A06pHi1: AO o6opoHH 3aMOK CTOITb Mi)K 6oJioTaMH. I I (c. 259) lJ.epoeUCbK - BeJIHKe ,Aepen'HHe MicTO, a npH HbOMY 3aMOK i MOHaCTHp aBryCTI1HIB. Pocau- MicTo Ha piBHHHi, 3aMoK CTOITh Ha ropi HaA piKoiO Hapsoro. llyAmJCbK- MypoaaHi MiCTO i1 JaM OK Ha~ piKoro Hapso10. BapKa- neJIHKe .n.epes 'HHe MicTo Ha piBHMHi HaA piKoiO TiiJihUOIO, ai.n. BapmaBH aiciM MHJib. EAonc- neJIMKe Aepea'HHe MicTo Ja 4 MI1Jii ai.n. BapmaBH. Tafrttu'U- aeJIHKe ,I\epea'HHe MicTo Ja 5 MHJib ai.n. BapmasH. rpoiJ3ey,'b- Aepes'HHe MicTO Ja ciM MHJib B~ BapmanH, a BiA Tapt.IHHa-.n.si. llmac'HUUl- BeJIHKe MiCTO, CJiaBHe KaM'HHOIO 3a6yAOBOIO. lloMxa- aeJIHKe MicTo, JMyponaHe HaA cy.n,HOnJiaBHOIO piKoiO Hapso10; Ha nJio~i pHHKY CTOHTb npeKpacHi KaM'11HHUi. BoHo po3TamosaHe Ja.n,aa.AUHTb MHJib si.n. BapmaBH.

278

KHMrA I CeHaTopH Ma3oDel..(bKoro KI-HI3iBCTBa Bo€Bo~a

{ KaiiJTCJHIHl-1 {

Ma30BCJ.(bKJ·fJ1 aapmaBCbKHM qepcbKMM BMIIJerpa,ncbKMM 3aKpO qJ1MCbKMM QCXaHyBCbKHM

feHepaJibHMM

3eMcoKuu npanop: 6illuu opeJt3 p03npocmepmUMu xpwtaMu y "tepBowMy noAi, maxw.t "lU1tO.M: I I (c. 260)

JIIBCbKA 3EMJIR Jliao -

~epeB'.SIHC

MicTO, MypoBaHl-JM

3aMoK CTOITb H~ piKOJO JiisQeM. Bezpoe- ~epes 'RHe MicTeqKo 3a niBMHJii Bi~ JiiBQH. Bi31ta- MicTo Ha piBHHHi Ha,n: piKoiO Hapaoro, 3aMOK Ha ropi oTot.zeHMM pOBOM. Hyp- BCJJHKC ~epeB 'RHC MicTO, RKC JJC)J(HTb Ha.n: O.ll:HOMMCHHOIO piKOIO. KaM }me?J,'b- .n:epes '.SIHe MicTo, szKe JJC)J(HTb Ha piBHMHi H~ piKoro Eyr 3a siciM MHJJb si.n: Jiisa.

,l{sa HaHBaJKJIHBiiiiHX CeHaTOpH Qi€1 3eMJii JliBCbKHM Ta Bi3HCHCbKHH KaliJTCJJHHM.

3eMCb1CUU npanop: noAoeuua 1tepeouozo opAa, nOJweuua 6uwzo eeo.MeOR y 3oJWmiu 1eopo1t~ maxUM, 1tUHOM: I I (c. 261)

TIIWJHCbKA 3EMJI.H n,lVIHWWJI - .qe BeJIHKa xpaiHa. BoHa

Me}l(}'€ Ha aaxo.zti 3 Ma3oBi€IO, aHa cxo~i- a JliiTsoro. KoJJHCb soHa 6yna niA JIH~ TOBCbKOIO IOpHc~HKI.ti€10, ane He~asHo, pmcy Bo)J(oro 1569, 6yna npWI}"'eHa

279

KHHrA I :H iHKopnopoaaHa 11.0 KopoHH noJihCbKHM KopoJieM i BeJIHKMM KHJI3eM JIMTOBCJ:r KMM Curi3M}'H.ZJ.OM AarycTOM. MewKaH~i ~iEi KpaiHM- Ma3ypM, pycb i noJIJIKH.

llooimooi Micma v,iEi" 3eM./l,i Ei.tt'bC'b?C- .n:epea'JIHe MicTo, JIKe € Ha:HroJIOBHiWMM Ha lliMRwwi, BOHO cTOITb Ha,n piKOIO Bi.no10, wHpoKo npocTRrH)'BWHcb 6iJIJI JIHTOBChKoro Kop.D:OHf. 3aMOK Te)K 6ya .n:epea'JIHm1, aJie cnaJieHMH. Bi.n: HapBH- 4 MHJii. EpR:HC'b'K- ,n:epea'JIHe MicTo HaJJ. piKOIO HypoM, BOHO po3TawosaHe 3a TPH MMJii si.n: BiJibCbKa. Y HbOMY 3Haxo,n:HTbCH .n:sip KopoJIH i1oro MOCTi, .n:e WJUIXTa 'IHHHTb CYJJ.OBl cnpanu. Cypa:JIC- .n:epea 'HHe MicTo Mi)K ropaMM HaJJ. piKOIO Hapso10. 3aMOK Ha ropi OTO'IeHMH ponoM, Bi.D. EiJibCbKa- Tpu MHJii. TuxfJ1&iu- ,D.epen 'HHe MicTo aa piBHHHi, Jie)KHTh HaJJ. piKOIO Hapsoro. 3aMOK MfPOBa.HMM, 3aXMII(eHMH npHpOJJ.OIO i MiC~eM p03Talli}'BaHH.H, OTO'Iemu1 3 ycix 6oKiB 6awTaMM, poBaMM, BaJIOM, a TaKO)K 60JIOTaMM TaK, II(O )J.O HbOfO npucryny HiJBi.l(KH He MaEw. MicTo .n:o6pe 3a6eJneqeHe rapMaTaMM i ncin:.HKOIO aorHenaJibHOIO 36po€IO. Bi.n: Ein:bCbKa- .n:ec.HTb MHJih, a ai.n: BiJihHa- 24. Kuuw.uu- ,D.epen'HHe MicTo 3a 4 MMJii ai,n: TMKo~iHa, Jie)KMTb Ha pinmmi M~ 03epaMM Ta 60JIOT.HHMMM KaJIIO)KaMH. Y HbOMf p03TaWOBaHHM KOpOJiiBCbKHM .l(Bip i .l(y)Ke BeJIMKMM Ca,l(, KOTpHH 3BH'IaHHO Ha3HBaiOTb 3nipHH~eM (Zwierzyitcem). Y HbOMf IIOBHO ca.n:)KaH~iB (?) i BCiJIJIKMX 3BipiB, 60 TaM Hai1qaCTiwe 6ynaiOTb noJnosaHH.H. I..(e MiCTO CTOITb 3a.n:sa.Ha.n:~HTh MHJib si.n: Ein:bCbKa. Hapee- .n:epen '.HHe MicTo Mi)K JiicaMH Ha,n: piKoiO HapeBOM Ja '-IOTMPH MHJii ai.n: EinhChKa. BaCUJI,'b?Coe- .ZI.epea' .SIHe MicTe'IKO, II(O po3TawosaHe Ha.D: piKOIO HapeBOM; TaM KaWTeJI.SIH MOfO K. M. Ma€ CBOIO pe3H,D.eH~iiO. Aycrycmye- Hone .n:epen'.HHe MicTo, .SIKe mHpoKo npocT.SirJIOC.SI. BoHo JaCHOBaHe KopoJieM CHriJMYH.D.OM AsrycTOM, Bi.D. KoTporo i1 BHBO.l(MTb csoro Ha3ny; Bi.D. EiJihCbKa - 20 MHJih.

CeHaTopH ~i€1 3eMJii Bo€BO.ZI.a i KawTeJI.SIH.

(c. 262)

,ll;OPOfJ1qJ1HCbKHH TIOBIT /(opozU1.(,U'H- ,li.epeB '.SIHe

MiCTO Ha.n: pi-

KOIO Eyr, 3acHonaHe Ha ropi. Y HhOMY po3TawosaHMM KopoJiiBCbKMM .n:nip, KOJIH Koponh BHpirnyE cnpaBM UJJI.HXeTCbKHX cy.n:is. Bi.n: EiJihCbKa- 10 MHJih, a Bi)J. BaprnaDM- 20. Me.11:ouu'K- )J.epen 'n:He MicTe"llKO, .HKe Jie)KMTb aa.u. Ti€10 )K piKOIO. 3aMoK cToiTh a a YJBMUJwi, Ha rip~i, Jan' .HTh MHJib ni.u. ,ZJ.opont'-IHHa. Jlociv,e- )J.epes'.HHe MiCTO Ha,LJ.UJHPOKHM OJepoM Ja TPII MHJii ni)J.,lJ.oporMqJ1Ha.

MopiJu- )J.epen ' .HHe MicTe'-IKO Ha piBHMHi Ha,n: oJepoM Ja n'.HTh MHJih ni.u. ,l(opor11q HHa. 3 1~11X ,LJ.BOX ni,LJ.JI.HCbKHX nosiTiB, EiJihCbKOrO rr ,ZJ.oporH'-IHHCbKOro, KOJ111 Tpani1TbC.SI BiMCbKODa TI0Tpe6a, TO JaR)Kll.M CaMOI IUJI.HXTH 6yna€ ,l(BaHa,l(~.HTb THC.H'-1.

280

KHMrA I fliiJAACb'KUU 3e.JotCb'KU.U npanop ma?CU.U CaAtUU, R'K i AUmOOC'b'KUU, mi.JL'b?CU 8 oiJliiu p~i nOJl.Jlzae pi3HU1J,R: mym ooojJiJICUU?C no.Mapau't!eoozo 'KOA'bopy, a y n'bo.~tty 3o6paJICeuuu o36poc'H.uu At)'JK 3 niiJHeceuuAt Atette~ot ua ?CO?ti y 6iAoMy no.~ti; ua ~umi iJoa xpecmu, ma?Cu.At 'ttU'H.OAt:

IHllli soeso,ncTsa i1 nosiTM, BKJIIO"l.JeHi .no KopoH11, 6y,nyrb 3ra,naHi np11 onMci JhtTBM i1 Pyci, B iHmMX KH11rax. I I (c. 263) B3ara.ni noJihChKMH Koponh MaE niciM Ha11roJIOBHiiii11X ,nep:>KaB i nponiH~iw, .SIKi n i,nn a,naiOTh ni.n HOrO Ma€CTaT, O,nHaK pi3HHTbC.H MOBaMH a6o npHHaMMHi ,niaJieKTaMH: Tionh~a BenHKa Ta Ma.na, BeJIHKe KH.H3iBcTno JlHTOBChKe i KHH3iBcTna PycbKi, TipyccbKe, Ma3oneQbKe, )I(M)',nChKe , TioMopchKe Ta Impn.HH,nchKe. Y QMX ,nep)KaBaX ,ne.SIKi 3 KHH3iB € BaCaJiaMM KOpOJIR H KOpOJiiBCTBa TionhChKoro, .HK-oT: y Tipyccii, i B lHc}?JIRH,nii, i B lloMopcbKii1 3eMJii, e ti iHIIIi n KopoHi, no3Ha"l.JeHi KHH3iBChKHM i MapKrpacpcbKMM TMTfJIOM. y Qiii )Ke KopoHi € TaKO)I( "l.J11MaJIO rpacpin - Ha TapHOBi, Ha ropQi, Ha TeH'lHHi, Ha MeJibiiiTHHi, Ha TiiJib~i , Ha lllu,nJIOB~i iT. ,n. Hai16iJibIIIe :>K n aHiB Ta IIIJIRXTM, KOTpi pinHi Mi:>K co6o10 y npanax. O cKiJihKM :>K mJIRxeTCbKMH cTaH 3as,nHKM niiichKOBHM 3acnyraM T a pMQapcbKii1 ri,nHOCTi y cnoix naHin - Koponin Ta y Pe'tli TiocnoJIHTiii Mae neJIHKY MMJiicTb, TO ue6e3niiJcmaotto ua6yoac piouocmi 3 mumyAoBaH'U.M.U oco6aMu, i 3 TaKMM npanoM BiJihHO 11oMy nparHyTH noca,n i npH o6HpaHHi KoponR BMCJIOBJIIOBaTM cnoe cy,n)KeHH.SI. O,nHaK ~o6 3iJo6ymu eu~i nocaiJu, 6.AU:JIC'Ili 3aB:J#CdU iJo 'l&'bOZO, dO cefi.My i ceiJ..Mu?CiB, CeHamopu, npo RKMX ni,ne MOBa HanpHKiH~i Qi €i nepmoi KH1UH. Yci npOBiHQii no,niJIRIOTbCH Ha .zdone3ii Ta BO€BO,nCTBa, a ri y CBOIO 'lepryHa KaiiiTeJUIHCTBa Ta nosim. OcTaHHi )I( - Ha CTapoCTBa, KOTpi € ,nsox po,nis: O,nHi 3 IOpHC,ni-IKid€10, a ,npyri- 6e3IOpMC,nHKUii CTOCOBHO KOpoJiiBCbKHX TepHTOpiif. lloriM )Ke ~e no,niJI Ha Ma€THOcTI nepKOBHi, naHiB Ta liiJIRXTH • .lJ:eRJd ,nio:Qe3ii TaKi BeJIMKi, ~0 He BMiil(}'IOTbCR y O,nHOM)' 80€BO,nCTBi. TaK, KpaKiBCbKa (KoJIHCb apxienHcKoncTso) Biunoqae TPH soeao,ncTsa: KpaKiBCbKe, CaR,noMHpCbKe i Jli06JiiHChKe.

281

'l(ppOHKi

ilep:Nea8u

'.BacMt>Ki

'(!U!Ji

Mapl(?ptuju !Tptuju ~ 'llfu)(eTTIC 1>1(j

npaBa, oihtaT( cu.m titulatis

KHHrA I BineHCbKa >K .n.y>Ke mHpoKo npocrHpaETbCH y BeJIHKOMY KHH3iBCTBi JlHTOBCbKOMY, TaKO:>K

)I(My,n;b MaE O)l;HOrO EDMCKOna, HK

,n;eaKi iHWi

nposiHuii.

Yci

BOEBO)l;CTBa MaiOTb CBOI OKpeCJieHi Me~i M p03Me:>KyBaHHH CBOIX

KOp)l.OHiB, OCKiJibKH BOEBO)l;CTBa- Ue E, DO CfTi, KHH3iBCTBa, HKlll;O B3HTH lJ.O ysarH i p03MipH iXHbOI TepMTOpii, i KiJibKicTb UIJIHXTH Ta )KMTeJiiB y KO)K· HOMY BOEBOJJ.CTBi. OcKiJibKH .iK y HMX )KMBe 6araTo JIIOJJ.eii, TO 3 HMX 3aB)K,li.M MO:>KHa Ha6paTM neBHY KiJibKicTb BiMCbKa npOTM sopora, B3arani, npoTH 6y,n;b·KOrO, 3 KMM 611 MaJIH BOIOBaTM. KaUITeJIHHCTBa - ue nosiTH a6o t~acTHHH KO.iKHoro 3 BOEBOJJ.CTB, Kop)J.OHH KOTpMX Te.iK OKpecJieHi, TaK CaMO HK i KOp,n;OHH, KOTpHMH BiJJ.OKpeMJieHi KopoJiiBCbKi TepHTopii si.n; QepKOBHHX Ta UIJiaxeTCbKHX.

(c. 264)

Tym, nepeo mUM RK nooamu maMU1J?O 3 onuco.M Bcix ceuamopiB i nopRmcy Bce1tami, mpoxu CKaxy npo uai1Jua1tuiud nocaou, npo Kopouuuu ypRo, npo UL/IJl,XemcoKi npaBa ma BOJt'buocmi, npo ixuw MyJ~Cuicm'b ma 3BU'Itai·. IlOCMl1 HAH3HAqHillll1X CEHATOPIB fHE3HeHcbKHM apxiEnHcKon no npasy € y KoponincTsi Jt6mopumtm ap~l(9ntl

nepmuu (Primas)

i Haiinepm11i1 KCbOH)J.3 He TiJibKH TOMY, m:o MaE BJia.n.y Ha,n; sciM JJ.yxoseHCTBOM B KopoHi Ta HaHrOJIOBHiUie MicQe B CeHaTi, BiH TaKO)K Ma€ i HaMBM-

m:y B KopoHi 3BepxHicTb. BiH ni.n. qac MixKopOAiB Jz. (interregni) CKJIMKa€ naHiB ceHaTopis .n;o yxsaJieHHH cnpas Pet~i IlocnoJIMToi, BMCJIYXOBY€ [,n;oHeceHHH J DOCOJibCTB ni)J.JJ.aHMX, np113Hat~aE )J.eHb i Micl.{e o6upaHHH HOBOrO KOpOJIH, oroJIOUIYE Qboro o6paHoro i noTiM tioro caM i KOPOHYE.

€nuCKonu y

ceHaTopcbKOMY nopHJJ.K}' H)l;fTb nonepe.n.y scix csiTCbKMX,

6o ue noxoJJ.HTb si.u. no6mKHocTi nOJibChKoro Hapo.n.y, HKY siH ycn~Kyoas me si.u. csoix npe.n;Kis.lM .n;aHo nepwe Micl.{e ToMy, mo ix 3HaJIM3 t~acis npMMHHTTH xpHCTM.HHCbKOI sip11 HK 6e3DOMMJIKOBMX naCTMpiB i CTOpO)KiB 3lJ.O· pon'a .n;yw.

BoEBOOa KO)KeH

€ BMI.l.(MM BOJIO)J.apeM, BiH HaMnepWMM y nopHJJ.KY

csiTCbKHX ceHaTopin , reHepaJibHHH po3nop.HJJ.HHK i reThMaH pHQapcTsa CBOrO BO€BO.lJ.CTBa, aJie 3a

t~aCtB

BO€HHMX BlH He BMKOHY€ reTbMaHCbKMX

¢YHKI.{i.i1, xi6a mo ni.z:r. t~ac nocnoJIHToro pyweHHH. AJie .u.o Qhoro cnpasa He )l.OXOJJ.MTb, xi6a l.J..(O BHHHKaE HarJia H panTOBa ll0Tpe6a t~epe3 HKOfOCb BeJIMKOfO sopora.

Kamrne.JtR,H HaJie)KHTh JJ.O ceHaTopcbKoro yp.s~JJ.y; siH reThMaHy€ Ha MiCI.I.i CBOfO BOEBO.UM Ha.U. pMUapCTBOM; TaKO)K iHWi KaWTeJIHHM y CBOIX llOBiTaX 3,UiHCHIOIOTb CBOIO 3BepxHicTu: BOHH 3 KOpoJiiBCbKOrO lJ.03BOJiy C}'lJ.HTb, 3611paiOTb np116yrK11 M si.n.cMJiaiOTb .u.o cKap6y.

MapmaJtoK,

KaHQJiep, ni.n;cKap6ii1, HKi MaiOTb yp.HJJ. B KopoHi i BeJIMKO-

MY KHH3iBCTBi JIHTOBCbKOM}' i

npo HKHX HeMa noTpe6M nHcaTH, 6o Qi yp.s~

)1.11 B }'CiX .z:r.ep)KaBaX € lJ,OCHTb 3HatiHMMI1. ,lJ,o)J.aM TiJibKH Te, mo BOHH XOtl i MaiOTb OCTaHH€ MiCI.{e B CeHaTi, O)l;HaK IXHiH }'p.SI.U. Ha.i16iJibWHH, i KO)I{HOM}' 3 HHX niJJ.KpHBa€ wJiax JJ.O n11m11x noca.u..

282

(c. 265)

KHMrA I

KOPOHHHH YP.H,l( I l oJihCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO E .Uy>Ke JHaqHHM

BeJI:HKMM y CBOIX KOp~OHaX Ta CHJii, BOHO C}'TT€BO Bi~piJHS1€TbCS1 Bi~

ycix iHWl1X KOpoJiiBCTB i 6araTbMa iHWHMH BIDKJI:HBHMH pet.IaM:H, He MeHW

i B cnoco6i ypS1.AynaHHS1. A ;J.;>K.e B iHmHx KopoJiincTnax KopoJii 6e3 ceHaTopcbKoi pa,Aii i 6e3 .l(03BOJIY WJISJXeTCbKOrO CTaHy, TiJibK:H 3i CBOrO BJiaCHOrO yno.no6aHHn Ha,u.aiOTh npasa 6y.nb-KOMy. I nK6H BOHH He MaJIH npo; pKeHHX qecHOT, TO BOHH Jieri<O 6 BllaJI:H B THpaHCTBO. AJie B noJiblll.i I<Op01IS1MI1 He Ha-

'l(ppo.IIJI}.f u

po~)I(YIOTbCH (TiJihKM Koponenl1t.I, ~o ni.n Kopomr noxo,nHTh), I<oponin o6Mpa10Th 3ri,nHo b 3ara.rrbiiOIO ~KOIO ceHaTopin Ta IWHIXTM. ToMy 6e3 ixHhOI

9 !JTOJIIJ!Jji

3BepXHOCTi BOJIO.llapi Hil.JOrO He MO)f(YTb B~iRTM, HaBiTb HK6M BOHM 6yJIH

Cexam

HaHMOryTHiwi i MaJIM CBOI BiHCbKa- 6iJibWi 3a BiHCbKa HaH3Hal.JHiWHX KO-

poJiiB. TiJihKM caMi noJibCbKi Koponi E HenepeMO)f(HMMM. BoHM MO)f(YTb

6e; ceHamy

BMBeCTM npoTM nopora B pa3i noTpe6H .n.nicTi TMCS1l.f .n.ocHTb MY)I(Hboro

H.t

xapo·

iJJfCyiOml>t:.!l 6eJ J(!JpOJLJl, r(JJpon~t

xiwzo H.t

Jrto:xcyrm,

BiHCbKa i3 CaMMX TiJibKM lllJISIXeTCbKMX )I.06pOBOJibl.\iB. L(e BiMCbKO 6e3 )f(0.llHOI nJiaTHi 3_naTHe l.JMHHTM sci pHQapCbKi cnpaBM, 60 WJISIXTa € BiJibHOIO ni~ 6y~b-S1KI1X no~aTKiB i 3ri~HO 3 KOpOHHMMM 3aKOHaMH M)'CMTb HeCTM niikhKony nonHHHiCTb 3a paxyHoK caoix Ma€THOCTei1:. RK~o )f( noTpe6a BMMaraTMMe 6iJibWOI KiJibKOCTi BOS1Kin, TO KOpOllb MO)f(e Ha6paTH TpMCTa THCHl.f HaiiMaHQi B 3i caoix Hapo~ia.

xoqa HenepeMO)f(HMH nOJibCbKHH KO-

ponb € TaKMM MOryTHiM, O~HaK BiH M)'CMTb )f(MTI1 3ri.z(HO 3 KOpOHHMMH npa-

'l(oponi8a.l(j

o6o8'.RJIQl

BaMM Ta 3aKOHaMM. TaK, Qe KOponiBCTBO He OXOWIIO€TbCH KOpOJiiBCbKOIO Blla.llOIO, KOpOJiiBCbKi BJia)I.a i Ma€CTaT B3a€MHO apiBHOBa)KyiOTbCSI CeHaTOpCbKMMM

u lllJIS1XeTCbKMMM BOJihHOCTHMH, nci noc~oai oco6:11 nepe6yna-

IOTb y Bi)I.llOBi)I.HI1X Bi)I.HOCI1Hax 3i CBOIM BOJIO)I.apeM- KOpOJieM • .HK~O )f( KOJII1Ch Koponb 6y.n.e yxHJIHTMCH ni.n. cnoix noBI1HHOCTeii, TO TYT )f(e .iioro nonpaBMTb aBTOpMTeT CeHaTopin, KOTpi ni)I. npHCHrOIO MaiOTb llOCTepiraTM TaKi cnpanH, yHacni,noK qoro BOJIO,nap KOPMTbCH noBa)f(Hii% p~i ceHaTopin.

CtHilmOJ'C1>'@

CeHaTopM :>K 3 yciEIO llJJIHXTOIO Han3aEM KoponiacLKMM MaEcTaT waHyiOTb,

iJo

if CB0€10 KpOB'lO roif .no6po. A y ncix ceHaTopin € o,nHa nocTiii6opoHHTH if ,noTpMMynaTMCH aipH if nro6oai .n:o

llOBa)f(aiOTb i JII06JUITb, BOHH He TiJibKM Ma€THicTIO, a

no8lWl J(fJJJOili8,

c8~naxi8

TOBi 3aruiaTHTH 3a iioro )f(HTTH Ha

aonsr

ni.n npMcHroro:

niT'lM3HH, 3araJibHOi BOJibHocri ceHaTopia

u npHMHO:>KeHH.H .no6pa KoponincTna. L(HX

I/ (c. 266) caM Koponh, y KOTporo IOpH.AH'liHO € HaiinM~a i Haii-

6inhma nna.n;a, o6:11pa€

HaM3Ha'lHimol Ta Haii3HaMeHHTimoi InJIHXTM 3

fCbOrO KOpOJiiBCTBa, 3Ba:>KalO'lH Ha 3HaTHicTb .l(MHaCTii i CBSIT06JIHBi 3BH'lai. lliCJIJI BHKOHaHHst npHC.Sirn niH .n.onycKa€ UHX oci6

.u.o pa.u.H i 3 HHMH pa.u.HTb-

CJI a ceHaTi npo Pitt nocnoJIHTf. BoHH TaKo>K enol .ll)'MKH niJibHO ari.n;Ho ai

CBOiM yno,no6aHHHM Ta p03fMiHHSIM BHKJI~aiOTb f CeHaTi.

KOJIH IqOCb BBa-

>KaiOTb ll0Tpi6HHM CKa3aTH, 'laCOM i npOTH .D:fMKH CaMOrO KOpOJIJI, TO BHKJia)laJOTb CBOIO .llfMKf, a pimeHHH npHiiMaiOTb O)lHOCTaHHO Ta cniJibHO. BooM, nn~ati, .uo KpanKH .UOTPHMfiOTbCH yxnaJieHMX aaKouin Ta npau cTapmHX 33..llJIJI6Jiara CBOEi HaHMHJiimoi BiTttH3HH. TOMf WJI.HXeTCbKi BOJibHOCTi

H npaBa HicKiJibKM He nOpfillYIOTbCJI,

3aB>K,n:M BllOBHi a6epiraiOTbCH. llpo

HHX o,nHH CTapHti noJibCbKHH noeT Maqeii CTpHii~oBCbKMii

283

y cooiii KHMai,

Xmoo6upru CDUl11Wpi6

KHIIrA I KOTpi:H ,l{aB Ha3BY «CapMaTCbKa BOJibHOCTb))

(WoJnosc Sannatcka), HanHCaB

TaKHMH CJIOBaMH::

!TOJIOC

mupcma

He qyr" T}'T: 11 mmc xo'lly, mmc oupimU8, He qyr11: oce 3uaxooumbCR. nio .Mow npucyoo.M, Ilpwtxa Hexau nocrynHTbC.R, To pruy.M, TO npaso, 1.1.\0 HaKaaye KopoJib. Eye ronoc HepoHa Ta iHlliHX THpaHin, KoTpi rpi3HO JiaMaJIH nOJibHOCTi ncix CTanin, l..Joro T)'T, 8 TIOJibUJ.i, HeMa, Ml1 KBiTHeMO y BOJibHOCTi, 06epiraJO"'H nenopylliHOcTi cnolx npan Ta cno6o,l\. Tyr >KO,l\eH KopoJib ne JiaMae WJI.RXTWIY npan, Xi6a w.o ~e neJIHTb yxnaJieHHU 3aKOH. Ko>KeH MaE CBOIO BiJibHY 3eMJIIO, $1K BeJII1K11U, TaK i Ma.JIHM, BiJibHHii KO>KHOMY cTaT}'T i nee npaso . .HK BeJII1K11M nan, KO>KeH BiJihHO TpHMa€ CBOIO BJiaCHiCTb, He nJiaTI1Tb .nam:1H11 Bi.tz'bH.UU 6apoH. HiKOJIH. BiJihHi 6eHe¢iyii"aciM iH<f>yJiaTaM, Tipo6ow.aM, KaHoHiKaM, enucKonaM, a6aTaM. An iHwnx .nep>Kasax MipKOJO sciM na.niJI.RJOTh 3ri.l(HO i3 3aC.nyraMH KO>KHOrO .nap Bi.l(Ba.>K}'IOTb. MaJii nepesan1 WJI.RXTW-Ia Ha.n npocTHM ceJI$1HHHOM, Kpaw.Hii TOM, KOTpHii qorocb .no6'eTbC$1.

~ Wfypt.t'l.UHi

a6comomHa

/J;uwa

1JTOJiblljil

nt.peiJuUJye IJci iJep:HCaiJu IJOJII>HOCtnSI.MU

YType"'"'HHi nai16iJibWHM nan ne Mae ani Micr, aHi rpo.nis, Ko>Ken >KHBe 3 np116yrKiB, KoTpi iM .nae cyJITaH. Yci .niJOTb 3ri.nno i3 cyJITaHCbKOJO BOJieJO, .HKw.o sin HaKa>Ke s6HTH, TO n6'JOTb, 3apy6aJOTb, cnaJI.RTb, OTPY.RTb. .HKW.O CKa>KC .l(aJieKO BIKTYnaTH, TO KO>KeH MYCHTb MOrO o.npa3y >K CJiyxaTI-f, B.neHb i BHO"'i, TaM no6a"'HTh, po3AM)'XYJO"'H nycaMH. Xoq 611 HWJIH npoTH crpiJm: M.ll.H, nai16iJibWI111 nane, Tiiwo, Kinno, xal1 J6y.neTbC.R cyJITaHCbKa BOJI$1. I I (c. 267) TaKe 6ysae i n iHWHX Monapxi.Rx, IUo see po6HTbC.R ,ll.JI.R nocJiyrM o.n.noMy THpancTny. Aile TIOJibUJ.a- w.acJIHBa MaTH "'CCHMX pm~apis, JIKa y CB.RTiH DOJibHOCTi Di)J. npe.n.KiD .l(Oci )KI18C. BOHa nepeB11W.Y€ nci .n.ep)KaBH, KOTpi Ma€ CBiT W11pOKiiM 1 KOTpi OT0'-1118 OKCaH rJII160KHH. BoHa ne nocTYnHTbC.R nepwicTIO y cnoiii w.c.Ll.piii DOJibHOCTi )K0.l(HiH MOHapxii, )l{oJ~HoMy KopoJiinCTHY y MY*IIOCTi iT .

.n..

npo ye mupW£ nume 3zaoauuil Mayeil CmpuuKoBCbKUil y cooi"il KH.UJICyi, xornpy OJJICe zap1w BUOaO J 15 72 poyi nOJt'bCb'KUM oip'UU!.M, npo cap.Manu.:oKy 8QA'bH.OCmo. IllnHxTa i1 KopoHHi o6HsaTeJii KOpHcryiOTbCH 3eMCbKI1M Ta rpo.U.CbKHM npasoM, .HKe .u.aHe iM ixniMH naHaMH- KopoJI.HMH, BOHH no3HBaiOTbC.H .no noaiTOBHX 3aMKiB, KYJ{H 6yJIH ai.n iioro iMeHi nocJiaHi cTapocTH, KOTpi TaM Querefft.

fTpoihl(j pO'l.I(U

KepyiOTb sci€10 nposiHQi€10. A Qi qac11 cy.u.11 6ysaiOTb ,ll.BOX po.u.in: o.u.Hi, RKi 3BH'lai1HO Tp~omaiOTb .lJ.Ba Tl1)l(Hi, 3BYTbCR

quereJlami, a .Apyri - rpo,ACbKHMI1

po"'KaMH, BOHH TPHBaiOTb wiCTb TH)KHiB, xi6a ~o DHaCJii,ll.OK nenHHX npH"lHH, Ko-rpi ooyMOBJieHi B CTaTyTi, MO)l(YTb 6yTH nO,ll.OD>KeHi. TpeTi- ~e

284

KHHrA I 3eMChKi pO'-IKII, KOTpi si.l{6ysaiOTbC.H '-IOTHPH p a3H Ha piK. Bci l.(i cnpan11 cy,n.MTb yp.SIJl., BH3Ha'-leHm1 }l.JISI l.(horo, 3a BHHnTKOM KPMMiHclJiis, KoTpi BH-

3e.Mebl(j pc17.1(u

'l\pu.AfiHtlll U

3Ha'-lae cy.n. KOpOJI.SJ iioro MOCTi. TYT iwJIOC.SJ npo cy.n.11. TiepeH.l{eMo )f( AO 3BH'-Ials, M)')f(HOCTi, p03)'MYBaHb Ta OA.Hry llOJibChKOrO Hapo.ny. lUo cTocyeTbOI noJibCbKOro OAnry, TO noJistKH HOCstTb y6 p a HCTBO pi 3HI1X HaQiH, HacaM n e pe.n iTaJiiHCbKHH, icnaHChKHH, cppaHI.(Y3bKI1H, HiMeQbKJ-tH., '-leCbKHH Ta rycapcbKHH o ,n..Hr. A Ti, KOTPI1M Ma.l{.Hp~HHa nacye, llOJII06JU110Th nepCH,ll.CbKHH, yropCbKHH, Typel.(biUIH, MOJI,ll.aBCbKHH iTaTapCbKHH OA.Hr. OcKiJibKH )f( noJI.HKH 6ysaiOTh y pi3HHX nposiHQi.Hx, To H. npHHOC.HTb pi3Hi 3BW-Iar,n.o siT'-IH3HJI. TioJIRKH e JIIO,ll.bMH rocTporo po3yMy, . . . . 3HaiOTb MOBI1 pl3HI1X HapO.l{lB, a JiaTHHCblCOIO MOBOIO BOJIO,l{IIOTb HaCT1Jibi<I1 A06pe , ~0 XTOCb MO)f(e CKa3aTI1, lllO l.(e IXH.H pi,nHa MOBa, a l.{e 3811'-laHHa piq i cepeA 6 araTHX, i cepe.n. s6or11x. BoHH )f( 6o ,n.iTOK 3MaJIKY si)JJJ.aJOTb B'-IHTMc.H .no UIKOJIH i He wKO,ll.yiOTb rpoweH. B'IHTeJI.SJM. KoTpi

)I<

npaQhOBHTOIO

9JO.flJl i(_U

~t.Ji>i6ni

iJo Hayl( 'Dapu ~ocnoihti y

rtOilbCb1\9MY

HapoiJi

MiHepsoiO o6.l{aposaHi My.l{picTIO, TO noHa,n .necRTb poKis m n icpyiOTb csoi 3HaHH.H. OcKVIbKH BOHH y Qiii JiaTHHCbKiH. Mosi Kpa~i 3a iHWHX, To sci cnpaBH .l(}'XOBHi Ta CBiTCbi<i, B 3aMKaX Ta MiCTaX, HaBiTh flO CeJiax Ta MiCTe'-IKax, 3ri.l{HO 3 KaHI.(eJIRpCbKHMH Tpa,nHQistMH, si.l{npasJI.HIOTb JiaTHHOIO. Ma6yrh, 3a CB0€10 npHpO,ll.OIO llOJIRKaM, ..SJK i JIHTBi, JierKO ,n.aeTbC..SJ JiaTHHCbKa MOBa,

'J(culiJf.JlJlP •

c111(j cnpaGu

y !!Wil i>Uji 8iiJnpa.RJlJll017t~

/UlTTUUWIO

.HK)' BOHH B'laTb i 3 B,ll..H'IHiCTIO H npH€MHiCTIO. An.e HeMaJIO H TaKHX, KOTpi )'

'Y !!Tolli>Uji

CBO€M)' BOJIOAiHHi HiMel.(bKOIO, iTaJiiHCbKOIO, icnaHCbKOIO, cppaHtzy3bKOIO Ta

piJHi .Mo6u

yropCbKOJO MOBaMH MO)f()'Tb 3piBH.HTHC.H 3 Hapo}l.aMH, KOTpi )f(HB)'Tb )' THX Kpail-rax, o.n.HaK Ha Hai1sH~OM)' pisHi CTOiTh y HHX naTHHCbKa Mosa.

(c. 268) lliJI..SJXTa ,ll.)')f(e 3aXOllJIIO€TbC..SJ ,n.o6pMMH KOHRMH , BiHCbKOBHM o6Jia,ll.)'HKOM i .n.oporHMH waTaMH. Oxo1.1ime 6 'roTbC.H s noni npoTH sop ora, xoq 6:11

l.(R

6HTBa MaJia si.n;6yrHc.H HepisHMMH CHJiaMH. Csol Ta6opH .n.y)f(e

MaikTepHO OTO'l)'IOTb ,ll.OBKOJia B03aMH, a 3a D;HMH B03aMH po6JI.HTb OKOllH

']Jjiicl>l(96u i1

ma.JUZHm

i B HHX noqysaJOTbCR 6e3ne'-IHHMI1 Bi}l. sopora, Hi6H B RKHXOCb 3aMKax. Qe

y TW.flJll(j6

Mj')f(i BOHOBHH'li, XH)f(i, TBep,ni, p03TOpOnHi, o6a"t1Hi, eHepriii.Hi ,ni.H'li, ..SJKi

!lfocmiuHa rto.Jli>CI>'@

He 6oRTbCJI Hi.HKoro sopora, HasiTb i Hai16iJihmoro. BoHH, .HK i yropl.(i, Hai1- .MyxHicrru, 6inhme llOJII06JI.HIOTb rycap~HH)', a B 6HTBi B)f(HBaiOTb 36po10: naHQHpi, pymHMI.(i, XOJIO,li.Hy 36poiO Ta .n;osri CDHCH. TiepesaJKaiOTb cepe,n HHX TaKi M)"Ki, 3 TaKHM cepQeM He3JiaMHHM, lllO He Bi.z:tCT)'DaJOTb O,li;HH si,n; ,n.pyroro aJK,no cMepTi , HasiTb KOJIH 6 noJI.R:rJio see ixHe siH.-cbKO. O,n.HH paa npH MeHi y Banaxii .nsa pi.n;Hi 6paTH, a caMe OrpycoBHI.(hKi ,

•

• u

(Strusowicki), si.n;ipsanH•

CJI 3 n SIT,D;eC.HTbMa TOBapHUiaMH Bl,l{ CBOfO BlHCbKa 1 panTOBO HanaJIH Ha nepesaJKaiOlJi CWIH saJiaxis, ane 6yJIH HHMH T)'T )f(e OTO"tleHi. Y nepwiH: )f(e cy-

!ITpul(lltW cmiui(JJcmi

Cmpyco6u~,~

THlJI.(i no.11ir o,nHH CTpycoBHI..{bKHH, a.npyrHii iioro 6paT, MY*Hbo 6'101-lHC.H, si.n.cT)'DHB. An.e, 3ra,nasw11 npo 3arH6en& csoro 6paTa, oiH nosepfiYBCR,no BOJIOCbKOrO BiHCbKa, CTaB M)"KHbO rpOMHTH IXHi llOJIKH, npo6HBaiOtiHCb qepe3 BiHCbKO T)'T i TaM, i XOlJa BiH Mir i B,npyre Bi.z:tCTynHTH, aJie BOJiiB M)"KHbO noJIRITH 6iJu1 cooro 6paTa. Konn JIHTOBCbKHH KHSI3b BiTooT ni,n. 1.1ac 6HTBH a poanaqy nepe.n. He· 'Dpyndl nptu(.!lQQ 3Jiit~eHHHMH oeJIHKHMH oiiichKaMH *opcTOKoro TaTapcbKoro xaHa TaMep- .M!f"CH&Ol Jiaaa CTaB oi,n.oo.n.HTH csoe pHJ..lapcTBO, 'I.IHCeJI&HicTb KOTporo TaM cTaHoBWia

285

cmiiLIQ)Crni

KHlfrA I Jie~se cory qacTHH}' TaMepJiaHoBoro 1 TO MeJibUITHHCbKHH cMinHBO KHH}'B-

CJI Ha TaTap, B CaMf rymaBHHY He3Jii'leHHOI TaTapCbKOI capaHH, IU06 noMCTHTHCH 3a CBOIX 6paTiB 1 HKi llOJIHfJIH y ~ii:f 6HTBi. )Ko~HOIO Mip010 BiH He xoTiB ~aTHCH iM ~o pyK :>KMB~eM, i HK cnpas:>KHiii MY:>K xopo6po 11 ~osro 6usCH npOTH HHX 1 llOKJiaBlliH IX HeMaJIO Ha noJii 6:HTBH, aJie H caM 6ys HHMH niAcTpeJieHHH i snas 3 KOH.H. A u;e 6yJio 1397 pOKf, npo mo MOBa ni~e HH:>Kqe 1 npH onHci JIHTOBCbKHx KHH3iB. EaraTo no~i6HHX ~o H&oro aHaii~eT&C.R y QbOMY lliJIJIXeTHOMf Hapo~i, i HK6H IX no O~HOMY nepeJiiqysaTH, TO He 6yJio 6 KiHu;a. I u;e 'IHHHT&CJI He TiJI&KH Mi:>K 6paTaMH, aJie Mi:>K sciM sipHHM !ll[pemiu TOBapHCTBOM, JIK-OT y O~HOMY Micu;i Te:>K npH MeHi CTaJIOC.R. ,l(sa IOHaKH npui(LIQQ :MmJIH co6i ni~ seqip qepe3 synu~IO, a iHrnHx ~B0€ 3 oroJieHoiO 36poeiO, 1

~!j:Jit:Kf>Qi

cmiuP(9Cmi panToso Ha HHX HanaJIH. B o6opoHi 6yno s6HTO o,naoro 3 aan~HHKis, TOM,

ll{O s6llB, YTiK. Horo Tosapurna cxonllJIH :H 3BHHysaTHJIH y B6llBCTBi, noca~HJIH ~o B .H3HHu;i. PaHKOM TpeTbOro ~HH i:foro noseJIH a a cTpary. 1

B:>Ke KaT 3 oroJieHHM MetJeM

(c.

I KOJIH

269) eTas 6iJIH :Horo rnHi, To Toi1, HKHM

y6HB ( 3JIOBMHCHHKa] i BTiK, np116ir 3i CJIOBaMH: «He 3BHH}'Baqyi:fTe ~bOfO HeBHHHOfO, OCKiJibKH .R CKOIB u;e B6HBCTBO JIIO,D;HHH» i BKJIHKH}'B Ha KOJiiHax. ,l(aJill 3HaTll npo u;e soeso.u;i. Boeao.u;a HaKa3aB ,u;aTH o6oM cnoKiM, aJie KaT, He 'lJ:eKaiO'IH Bi,AnOBi,Ai Bi.U. BOEBO)I.H i 6oJI'liHCb HKOICb He6e3neKH, CTpaTHB

mepnUtTU>

i1oro, a Toro nepllloro 6yno si.n.nyll{eHo. Ei~Hillla lliJIHXTa y ~bOMf KoponiscTsi He .u;ae MOryrHimHM '1HHHTH co6i KpHB)I,H. Eo xoq i Hai16i.u.Hiwm1

IQJU0Uu

lliJIHXTH'I, aJie JIK Ha36Hpae CBOIX npHHTeJiiB Ta CJIYf, TO MO:>Ke nepeMOITH

'IiiiJHiUIJl ULIIJZJ(!TIQ He

IJW~ozym· Hiwu;c

11 Hai16iJibllloro naHa, 6o td .u.py3i pH3HKYJOTb 3a.U.JIH noTpe6H npHHTeJIH He TillbKH caoiMH MaETHOCTHMH, a i1 csoiM :>KllTTHM, oTaK O)I.HH 3a .u;pyroro cToiT& i pH3llKyE. ToMy naHH B TioJibll{i 'IHMaJIO YTPHMYIOTb npH co6i y6oroi lliJIHXTll. A sJlllTBi 6i,u;Hiwa mnnxTa CJIY:>KHTh seJillKllM naHaM. llpH MeHi y lJOJibll{i O,ll;HH 3Ha'liHMH My:>K, naH JIH JliOTOMepCbKMM, BeJIHKHH KOpOHHHH ni,ncKap6ii1, CTapOCTa JieHt.IMQbKllH i pa,u;OMCbKHH, KawTeJIHH cep~3bKHH, B'IHHHB 6ys KpHs,ny HKOMYCb IIIJIHXTHt.IY HH)K'IOro CTaHy MHKOJia:Hosc&KoMy. BiH, 3i6paBIIIMCH 3 iHwHMM, nepecTpia iioro, KOJIH TOM ixas 3 seJIHKOIO rpoMa.u.oro CJiyr, i s6MB. KoJIH IIIJIHXTMt.Ia aa u;ei1 3JI0'1HH 6yno noKJIHKaHO aa JII06JliHCbKHM CeHM, 11(06 TaM ll036aBHTM t.IeCTi a6o 3acy)I.HTH Ha CMepTb, BiH, CTaBJIH'1H CBO€ .u.o6pe iM'H BHI.Ue 3a )KHTTH, ,u;o6poBiJlbHO CTaB nepe.u. CeHMOM i TaM 3 KOpo;IiBCbKOfO HaKaJy OXO'-Ie H 6e3 npHMycy ,ll.aB CBOIO llllliO ni,u; Me'-1. € H TaKi, KOTpi BHaCJii,n;OK CBOIX CJla6HX CHJI a6o 3a)I.JIH '1HCTOI cosicTi noMcry Ja ceoI KpHB.AH noKJia,AaiOTb Ha focno,Aa Eora. RK6H QbOMY WJlHXeTHOMY Hapo.u.y He nepeiiiKO,A:>KaJIM Ha)I,MipHe llHHQTBO i MapHOTpaTCTBO, TO BiH, Ma6yrb, nepeBMII(MB 611 Bci Hapo,D;H BpO,D;)KeHHMll '1eCHOTaMH

'Do6pa ~UCJib

npu

6e~t~qmi

fJ{llCII iih<!l

nu.Rym6a

i CHJIOIO .n.yxy. AJie )I( O)J.HH 3a 3.U.Opos'H .n;pyroro, 3ri,ll;HO 3i 3BH'1a€M, fOTOBHH a)K ,AO ,AHa BH.AY.D;JIHTH Hai16iJlblliHH .n;36aH, HaBiTb HKIUO u;e i npOTH HOfO npllpO,AH, TO HiCKiJlbKH He B~HTb. Hai16iJlbllie )I( BOHH 3aci,u;aiOTb npH llOBHllX ,u;J6aHax, ane TaKe no6a)KaHHH J.n;opoa' H Hacnpas.u.i no36aanne i1oro. "liJ..tMano lx qepe3 TaKe Ha,AMipHe nHHQTBO xsopi€. Eysae qacTo i1 TaKe, mo KOJlll O)J.HH )1,0 ,u;pyroro n'e 3a HOrO 3)l.Opos'.R, TO He TiJlbKM B CKJIHHKy,

286

KHHrA I a i B .n.epen' SIHMM KyxOJib rOJIOBY CBOJO BCa,ll.I1Tb llO nyxa, a BlfllHBWH, po36MBa€ co6 i 06 rOJIOBy. )J.pyroro

)I(

,ll.HSI, BCTaBlllM, CTOrHe, XBOpi€, XMJIMTbCSI,

Hi6n si.n. s iTpy ot.tepeT, Hapii<ae Ha BHHO, ~o si.n. HbOro 6oJIMTb ro11osa, a 3a6ysae Te, w.o 3a 3~opon'SI n 'IO'lJM, po36Mn co6i o6 roJiosy KyxOJib. Hai16iJibwe )I( TaKJ1X en Ma3osii, KOTpi .n.y)Ke o xoq i .n.o Ha,AMi pHoro nnTTSI, Ka)KYTb: «A60 BJ1KOHai1 1..\e MeHi , a6o CTaBaH 3i MHOIO Ha n OE,ll.HHOK». 'l!epe3 1..\e

O.u;(c. 270)

iHwHii , ocouJlliBO CJia6lllHM3a npHpo.n.oJO, no11is 611 6 MTHCSI , Hi)l( nMTH. HaK He ~a.n.YTh co6i si.n.ipsan1 pyKaBa, He yxMJISITbCSI si.n. q apKM.

Bci capMaTH, oco61111BO noJISIKiif, Ma3yp11, JIHTBa 11 p ycb, TPHMaiOTb TaKy ne-

'lljeiJpicm"

JIHKY KiJihKiCTb .D.BipCbKHX Ta CJiyr, ll(O Toi1 , XTO He 3HaHOMMH (3 I XHiMH

HapoiJy

3BM'lJ aSIMH ], cKa)Ke, mo lx HiSIK He MO)f(Ha nporo.uysaTH.

TUJILbCbl(pZO

A 1..\i Hiqoro iH-

moro He p o6JISITb , a TiJibKJif i.n.yTb 3a cnoiM naHOM, KYJJ.H 6 niH BMpywHs, a6o SIKW.O n aH KOTporocb no mocb nowJie, TO niH 1..\e B'lJHHHTb. Bi.n. iHWHX noCJiyr BOHM € BiJibHHMJI i B3araJii ,ll.O )KO)J.HOI iHurOi llOBHHHOCTi IX He 3060B'H3YIOTb. l laH He HaKa3y€ CJiy3i-WJIHXTH'lJy, HaBiTb Hai16i.n.HiWOMy, aHi He .n.on ycKa€, w.o6 niH BHKOHYBaB npocry .n.oMaiDHJO po6ory. R KW.O )I( KOTpHi1cb naH C11)'3i-lllJISIXTH'lJesi HaKa3as 611 w.ocb TaKe 3po6MTH, To 1..\e 6 TOi13po3yMis HK Hesi.n.nosi.n.He lllJISIXeTCbKOM}' o6os ' H3KOBi . TYT )Ke TaKMM c.nyra cKIDKe: «3Hai1.n.M co6i , n aHe, .li.JISI TaKoi nocJiyrM ceJISIHMHa, a MeHi si.n.npas». A.n.)l(e IliJIHXTa IliJISIXTi SIK piBHHH piBHOM}' B 'lJCCHOTaX i llOXO,A)KeHHi CJIY)KHTb, 60 waHOBHi Ta npHcToi1Hi noc.nyrH 'lJHHHTb. HasnaKM, Hapo.n.H i3 Jaxi.n.HMX KpaiB ysiDKaiOTb HenpHCTOMHHM, ll(06 lllJISIXTM'lJ CJIY)KMB WJISIXTMqesi, 60 TaM, W.O n aH He HaKIDKe, TO CJIYraMa€ 'lJHHHTH, HaBiTb Hai1rpy6iwy po6ory. Ali.e Y HaWHX capMaTiB iHaKwe . ..fiK TiJibKM naH 3a CTiJI, TO

H CJIYrM pa30M 3

HMM ci.n.aJOTb no nopH.lJ.Ky. A RKW.O .n.sip BCJIHKMH, TO CJIYrM 3aci.ll,ai0Tb IDK 3a KiJibKOMa cToJiaMH, 6o KO)I(eH 3 HMX 3i csoel TapeJii MO)I(e KWbKOx yTpH... . . .. MaTH, TaM KO)I(eH cnyra Ma€ CBOIX KlJibKa cnyr, a 01..{1 CJIYrM MaiOTb CBOIX XJJO-

36u'lai y 6ii}.

CJLyZ

OllXHi

noCJLyzu c8oiM ntllta.M

n ' HT, i TaK IDK .n.o 'lJeTBepToro nopR.li.J<Y I..\eM .n.sip MO)I(e yrpHMaTM scix 3ri.n.Ho 3 noTpe6mo. TiicJIR o6i.n.y noKJIOHMBWMCb i TpoxM nocTORBWH nepe.n. naHOM, BOHM H)(}'Tb TOJl.i, J<Y.li.M XO'lJ)'Tb. 'l!aCOM naH no TpH-'lJOTHpH Jl.Hi He MO)I(e BMTHrTM csoro cJJyrM 3 KOp'lJMH a6o si.n.TRrTH si.n. TosapHCTBa. KoJIM )J< c.nyra npHHJl.e, a naH 3anHTa€, .n.e BiH 6ys, TO TOH Bi.n.nOBiCTb, W.O BHKOH}'BaB CBOi o6os' R3KH 3a J.n.opos 'R sawoi MOCTi. llaH, po3CMiRBlllHCh, no.n.HK}'€, w.e ii qacoM HOM)' 3a 1..\e w.ocb no.n.apyE. RKOCb TpanHJIOCR TaK, mo OJl.HH enHcKon qepe3 csoro ni.D.cKap6iR IIJia- !Tfplli\,!IM 31Capmy TMB CBO€M}' Jl.BOposi IIJiaTHIO 3a KBapTaJI. KOJJM Bci CTaJJH nO nopSIJl.Kf, OJl.HH JIOTPMK, RKHH npH l..{bOM)' .n.sopi HiKOM)' He CJIY)KHB, a TiJihKH 3aB)K,l(H is Ta llHB 3 KpHXT Bi.ll. CTOJJa QbOrO €llHCKOna, BTepcR llOMi)J< 1..\i CJiym, KOTpi qeKaJIH IIJiaTHi. OcKinhKH iHwi HapiKaJJH Ha Hhoro, w.o niH, HiKOM)' He CJiy)J<attM, XO'lJe TaKOi nJiaTHi, RK i BOHH, TO €llHCKOll 3anHTaB: «A TM KOM)' CJIY)I<Hlll

i RKOfO po.n.y TBOR CJI}')J<6a?» Toil si.ZJ.nosis: 4<CJI~y BaWiH naHCbKiH MOCTi, CBO€M)' MOCTHBOMY naH)', i 3 OXOTOIO BHKOHysaB Te CaMe, ll(O H iHllli», «I.QO caMe?,.- aannTaB Ennci<on. Toii s~nosis: «JI, tny)Ka"'M, aaB)K,l(H W.O.ll.H.H no ,ll.Ba paau 6inR TBOrO CTOJIY IM Ta n'10, i MeHi .n.o6pe TaK CaMO, .HK i iHWHM»,

287

KHHrA I €nHcKon po3cMiHBCH, HaKa3as MOM}' Il{OCb ,AaTH i .AOJI}''iHB .Horo .AO c.nyr cnoro ,Asopy• .An.e npo Qe B)Ke .AOCHTb, nonepHiMocH .AO nopMK}' 3nepxHHKiB / /

(c. 271)

y KopoHHHX 3eMJIHX

QHM 3 Eo)KOIO noMi'i'iiO 3aKiHqyEMO nepwy

KHHry.

IIOP.H,l(OK 3BEPXHHKIB y KO:>KHOM)' nostTI Ha ypH,u;I HacaMn epe.A

cmapocmu 3

IOpHC.AHK-

Qi€10, T06TO Ha\la.JibH.HKH KOpOJiiBCbKHX 3aMKiB Ta MicT, KOTpHX 3BJ1qaHHO Ha3HBaiOTb

Brachia regalia,

Qi ni,AnpaBJIHIOTb

Querelle

i rpO.ACbKi po'iKH.

lloTiM M.AfTb cTapocTH 6e3 IOpHC.AHKI..d'i, KOTpHx 3BH'iafmo Ha3HBaiOTb .Aep)KasqnMH KOpOJiiBCbKHX ,l(06p. IJ:i He \lHHHTb )KQ)J.HHX cy)J.iB, O)J.HaK 3 OfJIH-

lJ..Y Ha 3BepxHiCTb MaiOTb npaBO i

CHJIY npH60pKyBaTH CBaBOJIIO.

lloTiM 3eMCbKi ypH.D.HHKH, HK-OT: ni.n.KoMopi:H, xop}'H)KHH, cy.n..n.11, BHHOqepni:H (trukczaszy), JIOB'lJ:HH Ta iHwi, KoTpi MaiOTb cso'i 3eMCbKi yp.H.lJ.H. llOTiM WJIHXTa, naHH, rpaqm Ta iHllli, KOTpi TaM MaiOTb CBOi ,lJ,i,lJ.WIHi Ma€THOCT1.

B ceHaTi TaKHH nopH.AOK 36epira€TbCH: nicJIH apxiEnHCKOnis - enH-

CKonH, niCJI.H €llHCKOniB- KpaKiBCbKHH KalllTeJIHH , npe.D.CTaBHHKH pHQapCTBa, 3Ha'iHi KHH3i , HKi MaiOTb CBO€ MiCQe 3ri,lJ.HO 3 ,lJ.aBHiM np.HsiJie€M. lloTiM i.lJ.YTb soeso.n.n, Mi)K KOTPHMH HaiineplllHMH € TaKi: KpaKiBCbKHM, no3HaHCbKHM, siJieHCbK.HH

CaH,lJ.OMHpCbKHH. fiicJIH HHX M,lJ.e BiJieHCbKHM KaWTeJI.HH,

a llOTiM iHllli BO€BO)J.H, Mi)K HKHMH HaMBa)K.llliBillii KaWTeJI.SIHH MaiOTb TaM CBO€ MiCQe nonepeMiHHO, a TO,lJ.i B)Ke- 6iJibUli H MeHwi KaWTeJIHHH. fioTiM MapwaJIKH, ni.n.KaHQJiepH, ni.n.cKap6ii1 iT•

.n.., HI< TYT 3 Qi€1 Ta6JIHQi Kpall.\e

MO)KHa 3p03YMITH.

Ilop»,li;OK

YCeHaTi CeHaTopiB KOpOHHHX

i BeJIHKoro KHH3iBCTBa JIHTOBCLKoro:

Apxi€nHCKOnH fH€3HeHCbKHM

€nHCKOTIH KpaKincbKHM KyHBCbKHH BiJieHCbKHi1 fi03HaHChKHM TIJIOI.J,bKI·111 BapMiHCbKHM JlyQbKHM IlepeMHCbKHH )KM}'JJ.CbKHM KyJibMCbKHM XoJIMCbKHH

288

KHHrA I KHIDChKIB~

KaM '.HHCQbKHH

BeH~eHChKHH [B c boro]

(c.

272)

BoEso~w Kpa KiBChKHH KarnTeJHIH BoEBo~a Kpai<i BCbKI111

11o3Ha HChKI1H

CMoJieHChKHH

Bin eHCoKHH

Jl 106JiiHCbKHM

CaH~OMMpCbKHM

ITOJIO~hKHH

BineHCbKHH KanrreJI.HH

EeJI3bKHI1

BoEso~a KanichKHM

HosorpyACbKHM

Tpo~hKMH

11JIO~bKI1H

CEpaA3bKHH

BiTe6chKHH

KalllTeJI.HH TPOQbKHH

MaJoBe~hKHH

Bo€Bo~aJieHqHQbKHM

fli.l(JI.flChKHH

CTapocTa >KM}'AChKHH

PaBChKHH

BoEBO.l(a 6pecTChKMM

EpecTChKHH

KHIBCbKHH

KyJihMCbKMH

lHOBpO~JiaBChKHH

McTHCJiaBcbKHH

PyCbKHH

E.n:b6JIOH3bK11H

BOJIHHCbKHH

E pa~aBcbKHH

11o~iJibChKI1H

f~aHCbKHH

MiHCbKHM [Bcboro]

35 KaiiiTeJUIHH

6iJihmi

l103HaHCbKHM

TIOJIOQhKHH

Ca~OMHpChKHM

oeJI3bKHH

KanicbKHM

Hosorpy~cbKHH

BoiiHiQbKHM

fiJIOQbKHH

fH€3HeHCbK11H

BiTe6chKHH

C€pa.l(3hKHH

qepBeHChKHH

JleHqH~hKHH

Tii,n;JIHCbKHM

)I(M}'~CbKHH

PaBChKHH

EpecTChKHH

EpecTChKMH

KHIBChKHH

KyJibMChKHM

IHospoi.VIaBchKHM

McTHCJiaBchKHH

JlhBiBChKHH

E.n:b6JIOH3bKMH

BoJIHHChKHM

Epa~aBChKMi1

KaM 'HHeQhKHM

r,AaHChKHH

CMoJieHChKHH

MiHCbKHH

Jho6JiiHChKHH [Bchoro]

289

KHHrA I KarnTeJlSIHH MeHrni CoH,neQhKMM

Ee~hKMM

Me.n;3InKe~bKMH

PoroaHHCbKHi::t:

BiCJIM~bKMH

Pa.n;OMCbKHM

I I (c. 273)

Cni~HM€3bKHi1

3aBI1XOCTCbKI1H

IHOBJIO,ll;3bKMM

JleH}I;eHCbKMH

KosaJihCbKHM

CpeMeHChKMH

CruiTO~bKMM

3apHOBCbKI1H

CoxaqyBChKHH

Ma.n:orocbKMi1 BeJiroHChKMH

BapmascbKHH f OCTMHCbKMH

llepeMMCbKMH

BimHeHCbKMH

fa.n:11~hKMH

Pa~bOH3bKH:i1

CHHO~bKMi::t:

CEnpcbKHM

XoJIMCbKMH

B M:IIIerpa.n;chKM"H

,l(06)f(MHCbK1111

PHniHCbKI1H

I1oJiaHe~bKM:i1

3aKp0'111MCbKI1H

ITmeMe~bKMi::t:

IJ;exaHyBCbKHH

KHMIIIMHCbKMH qeXOBCbKHH

JliBCbKMH

HaKJieHChK11H

Jlro6a'1iBCbKMH

PoanepcbKHi::t:

KoHapcbKMif aeMJii CEpa,n:3bKOI

D€XOBCbKHM

KoHapcbKHM aeMJii JleH'1MU:bKol

oM.n;rocbKHH o)f(e3iHCbKHM

KoHapcbKMH aeMJii KySIBCbKOI BeH,n:eHCbKMH

Kpymsi~bKMi::t:

.lJ.epnTCbKMH

OcseH~iMChKHH

ITepHoBCbKHH

CJIOHCbKMM

KaMeHCbKI1:i1 [Bcboro]

YpH,li;HHKH no ceHaTopcbKOMY nopH.n:K)' MapmanoK Hai1BHll.(MH KopoHHI1i1 Mapmanoi< HaJ1BI1ll.(HH BeJIHKoro KHH3iscTsa JlMTOBCbKoro KaH~nep I<opoHHMH KaHI.VIep Bem,moro KHH3iBcTsa JlHTODCbKOro ITi.n;KaHu:nep KopoHHMH ITi.n;KaHIJ:Jiep BeJIMKoro KHH3iscTsa JlHTOBCbKOro I1i,n:cKap6ii1: KOpOHHMM BCJJMKMH I1i~cKap6ii1 BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlMTOBCbKoro semiK1111 Mapma.n:oK Ha.n;sipHMH KopoHHMH Mapma;roK BeJIMKoro KHj{3iBCTBa JlHTOBChKOro Ha.n;sipHIH'i [BcLoro]

290

KHHrA I Yp.n,ll,HHKI1, KOTpi He HaJie)l(aTb .ZI.O ceHary B KopoHi

i y BeJIHKOMY KHH3iBCTBi liHTOBChKOMY feTbMaH prn_.\apCTBa KOpOHHOfO HaHBMII.V1M feTbMaH pHu.apcTsa BeJIMKoro KHR3iBCTBa JlMTOBChKoro Hai1m-nuMi1 feThMaH pHU.apCTBa KOpOHHOfO TIOJlbHMM feTbMaH p11u.apcTsa BeJIHKOro KH.H3iBCTBa liMTODChKOro nOJibHMH

(c. 274) POTMicTp p11u.a pcTBa ,lJ.Bopy KOpOJI.H MOfO MOCTi CeKperap 6iJibWI1M KopoHHMM .u.yxom-IMM Pe<f>epeH.li.ap KopoHHI1i1 ,nyxoBHMH Pe<f>epeH.li.ap BeJIMKoro KH.H3iscrsa JlMTOBCbKoro .l\}'XOBHMt'I Pe<f>epeH.li.ap KopoHHI1i1 cniTCbKMH Pe<f>epeH.li.ap BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JIMTOBCbKOro cniTchKMM ITi,u.qarnMx o6ox Hau.ii1 .u.soE Kpat'l:l.IMX o6ox Hau.ii1 .n;noE Mel.IHMKiB o6ox Hau.ii1 .n;noE ITi,u.cKap6ii1: Ha,u.sipHMH KopoHHHH I1i.n;cKap6ii1 BeJIMKoro KHR3iscrna liHTOBCb.Koro Ha,nsipHMM I1i,u.cKap6ii1 ITpycchKOro KH.H3iBCTBa CTapocTH 3 ropHc.n;HKU.iEIO BeJIMKipa,u.Hl1KI1 CTapocTM 6e3 rop11C}l;HKU.ii AcecopH cy.u.is 3a,u.sipHMX llHcap cnpas 3a,u.nipH11X 011capi KaHU,eJI.s~pii BeJIHKoro KH.H3iscrsa JIHTOBCbKoro PereHTH o6ox KaHu.eJIRpiii KopoHHHX IHCTHfaTOpH cnpas, )J.O CKap6y KOpOJI.H MOfO MOCTi HaJie:>KHHX ll11capi llOJibHi PoTMicTp :>KOBHipis Ksapu.»HHx HaqanbHHKH Ha.n; MHTHIU.(.HMH HaqaJibHHKH Ha)J. KOllaJibH.HMH 3 BM)J.06}'TKY cpi6Jia Ta CBHHU,IO Hal.laJibHMKH COJI.HHHX KonaneHb HaqaJibHHKH MOHeTHoro .n;sopy HaqaJibHMKH Jiicis 0T:>Ke, .HK MapwanKaM, KaHQJiepaM, ni.n;KaHQJiepaM, ni.n.cKap6i.H:M y ceHaTopcbKOMY nop».U.K}' € 6JIJI)Kql1M)J.OCTfll )J.O 6i.nbWHX llOCa,l(, ~0 Bl1llJll1Ba€ 3 ri)J.HOCTi iXHbOfO yp.s~.n;y, TaK i TMM )J.O nopR'.li.K}' CeHaTOpCbKOrO 6JIH)Kqe. Oco6JIHBO )K u.e cTocyETbC.H: seJIHKoro ceKpeTap.H:, peq>epeH,napis i eTapoeT, OCKiJibKH I.,d BBa)KaiOTb, ~0 6iJibWe npMCJIY)KHJIHCR' KOpOJIIO, CBOEMf naHy,

u Pe1.1i llocnoJIHTii1; BOHH )K 6inblllMM ,nocTaTKOM 3 MaETHOCTei1, i po3yMoM, i KMiTJIHBiCTIO, i )J.OCBi)J.OM B cnpasax CeHaTOpCbKHX llOCa)J. MO:>K}'Tb 6yru KOpHCHiiiiHMH.

291

KHHrA I ToMy ypHJ( i cnpaaa siMCbKOBoro pi-n~apcTBa no,l(a€TbCR 3aB)K,l(H 3 ~Me Jia ceHaTopia, KoTpi 6 ,l(O ~&oro Ha:HI<pa~e ro,l(HJIHCH. ToM}' He ,l(I-IByi:iTec.R, 11(0 TaK 6araTo rroca,n;, KoTpHx tJH He Ha:H6iJibllle B KopoHi, He if.l(e B tJHCJIO ceHary. Eo ix sci rro,l(aiOTb ceHaTopaM 3ri.l(HO 3 rropRJ(KOM. IIoca.l{H [noqecTi] ceHaTOpCbKi, RK BM~e rOBOpHJIOCH, IIO,l(aiOTbC.R HaifnpM,l(aTHilllHM i HaM6araTllli1M i3 D;HX npMBaTHHX oci6.

I I (c. 275) TioBiTOBi yp.SI,11,HHKH I1i.l(KOMOpi'i XopyH:>I<i 3eMcbi<i cy.l{.l{i CTOJihHHKH 'lJalllHHKH Jlosqi 3eMChi<i ni.l(CY,l(I<H IIi,n:cToJiii

3eMCbKi IIHCapi Me"'HHKM 36Hpa qi no,n:aTKiB Bo:HcbKi Eyprrpacp11 IIi,n:cTapocTH fpo,n:CbKi cy.n,n:i KoMopHHKH

YpH,n;HHKH KopoJiiBChKoro ,n;Bopy i HaifsHII(MMKOMopHHK I1i.l{"'anm:u Kpa:H"'MM XopyHJI<MH KoHIOlliMM Kyxap 06o3HMM JlOJKHH'IMH BHHOtJepni:H I1i.l{CTOJiii1 IIi,n:KOHIOlllHH HaikTapiUHH JIODtJHH ,ll.sopRHH, KoTpHx seJIHKa KiJlbKiCTh CeKpeTapi

qeJIH,z:J;b

,l(OKTOpH KaneJiaHM I111capi My3MKH IIpH,n:nepHi CTaHOBHMtJi I1i.l{0603Hi BiBCRHi KJia,n:oB~HI<H

I1HBHM'JHM lllacpapi Tpy6atd Eapa6aH~HKM

Ey¢eTHHKH Hai1MaH~i Kyxapi KoMopHHKH PeMiCHHKH pi3HHX peMeceJI Doi<oeninaxoJIRTa CTaMHenaqeJin,n:& 06o3Ha qen.R.l{b CTaprnm1 cKap6onHi1 nHcap AJie6ap.n.HMI<H MHcJIMDUi A 'l&e BJICe MaB.Mo oocmam1i'b0 npo lloA'bC'b'Ke 'KopoAiecmeo, OG.!Li uiJym'b i1iwi aepJKaeu.

XPOHIKA BEJIHKOfO KH513IBCTBA JIHTOBCbKOfO

•

.HCHOBeJibMO)I(HI1X IX MOCTeM KH.SI31B Ta naHIB

PN(3HBIJIJIIB

Mapc, Ee.Moua, Miuepea ma !Onimep JLacxaeuu, Y PaoJueiluliecoxoMy ooMi ueii ei..1epyuox npaeuu Bcix 'llecnom cnpaeue: 6o .R'K opeJL w,euiJ'Kooxuu, KopoA'b nmaxie, OUBJlfl'llUC'b na COH?J,e, Jtimac niiJ XJ.tapaMu, Tax Pa03U8Wi8C'b'KUU oi..M y C806M)l 'K1ifl3i8C'b'KOM)1 cma'Hi Y 8Cix 'l.lecuomax, iJoKu ceim cmoi"mo, 'H.e nepecmaHe. Jlx miaoxu Biaouo 3 uozo nopaau JacuyeaAu, 3pa3J JIC UOZO ?,tUM 31ia'll'JiUAt 'IUU?iiHOiJOM 8Ula'l-l)'Ba!LU. )J(uoim'b JICe, Jua'lini 'K1ifl3i, y cooi·u 38U'lt'Jiiu 31ia'l.luocmi )Jomu, OO'KU xooum'b no ne6y CBirJ1./I,e CO'Ii?,te. I I

(c. 3 nepeiJMOBU)

RCHOBEJihMO)I(HOMY IIAHY, MMKOJIAIO KPHIIITOY P A,li;3MBIJIJIY, KH.H310 HA OJIMIJ;I TA HECBI)KI, rPAY HA IIIH~JIOBIJ;IO TA MMPI, BIJIEHChKOMY BO€BO~I iT.~., IIAHY MO€MY MHJIOCTMBOMY

.MTaiOTb }"'eHi JIIO)IH, MHJIOCTH-

BHM naHe, '40MY MiHJIHBi scinxKi cnpas11? To BOHH ni)J.HOCXThC51 , TO JracaiOTb, O.ll.Ha TiJihKI1 )KOBHipchKa MY)KHiCTb ~opa3 TO 6inhmy MaE nosary. I xoq iHmi HayKH JHosy 11 3Hosy npHsa6JIIOIOTh .ll.O ce6e, eTalOTh IIp11€MHHMH '4H TO ,D;JIX oqeif, qH TO ,D;JIX syx JIIO.ll,CbKHX, O,D;HaK sii1cbKOBi cnpasH sJiaCHOIO oJ,n;o6oiO Ta He3MiHHHM :usiToM 11 HeHaCHTHOIO BTiXOIO rrpnsa6JIIOIOTb Hami ,n;ymi TaK, II(O npo l.{i crrpaBH MH He MO)I(eMO HacJiyxaTHC.fl npOT.flrOM 6araTbOX JiiT. l..JH He llHCaB O,D;HH TaKHH npo MY)I(Hix rpeKiB, HKi BOIOBaJIH 3 rrepcaMH TaK, II(O caM JiiniM' a6o lloJii6ii1 no,n;aJIH ue s pHMCbKii1 icTopii? A xi6a 3apa3 iHaKme? .flK6H XTOCb y Halll qac llHCaB npo ue, TO HaM 6yJIO 6 MHJIO '4HTaTH M'oro KHHrH. Mo)Ke, ue TOMY, ~o Hami nparHeHH.fl3a CB0€10 npnpo,D;OIO ,li;HBOBH)KHHM qHHOM T.flrHyTbC.fl )J.O MHCTeQTBa? lloraHO Hi'40rO He 3HaTH, 3HaHHX )K YCHKe € BTiXOIO ,li;JIH JIIO,D;HHH . .fl, He HaBO,li;H'4H iHlllHX apryMeHTiB, HaCaMnepe,D; ni,ZJ;KpeCJIIO, 11.\0 3 pH:UapCbKOrO )J.OCBi,ZJ;y 6y,ZJ;e 6iJibme H oqesH,n;Hime KOpHCTi AJIX Peqi nocnoJIHTOI. Eo .QH KOpHCTb i cnasa csoro Hapo.zcy, 3pyi1HysasmH 11' po3mHpHsmH ,ZJ;aBHi Kop.n;oHH, 3fMiE J6epeiTH JHaqHiCTb, ,n;aHy npe,D;KaMH. BoHH MY)I(HbO noraMyiOTb rHis JaromeHHX cyci.li.iB, o6opoHHTb csgry i1 JOJiory cso6o,ZJ;y Bi.li. )KOpCTOKHX THpaHiB a6o nory)KHHX soporis, a JJiiKBi,ZJ;ynanmn He6eJne-

KY ii Jara.JibHHH cTpax,

MY.li.PO y<}lya.zzyroTb nopg.li.Hi HayKn, nomTnBi :H scinHKi qecHoTH, Hi6M <J>opTeui Ta HaAi:HHi JaMKM .lJ.OBrosiqHoi cso6o.l{n if Tpnsanoi 03.l{o6n. He myKaiOttH iaoJeMHnx npuKJia.l{iB, 6atty ix 1JHMa.no y caMoMy BeJIMKOMY KHHJiscTsi JlHTOBChKoMy, KOTpe TaK

297

KHHfA II 6araTo .no ~Mx nip nopo,n;JKysa.no i1 nopo,n;JKye ,l\Ocsi,nqeHMX i Ha,n3BMqai1Ho sa)I(HMX MyJKis, nepe.n. SIKMMM MYCSITh nocrynaTMCSI HenepeMOJKHi i1 cTpaiiiHi KOJIMCb BChOMY cniTosi MOCKOBCbKi Kpai. Ue .ZU1BHO, ll\O, xoqa ll\aCTSI 3 seJIHKOIO MYJKHicTIO TaK no6paTa.nMcSI, JIMTOBChKHH Hapo.n. 3YMiB YHHKHY™ poJnycTM Ta nHxH, no6al.JMBWHI.l.\OCh 6iJihiiie, HiJK ue cniJihHe .no6po ,n;JISI ,no6p11x i 3JIHX. lloJISIKH, MaiOl.JH nepe.n; Ol.JH.Ma 3pa3KH TaKHX BHCOKHX l.JeCHOT, 3 neJIHKOIO OXOTOIO He pa3 )J.OsipSIJII1 cso6o.n;y, HenopyiiiHiCTb npan KopoHH i csoei .n;ep)J(aBH, CBHToi naM'HTi Ka3HMHpaM, AsrycTaM, CHriJMya.n;aM, 3Hal.JHHM JIIO,li;SIM

JIHTOBChKOi Kposi. BpeniTi KOJIH BOHH BH3HaJIH TaKy BeJIHKY

{c.

nepeJJ;MOBH) npHXHJihHiCTh i .n.o csoix 3BHl.Jais no.n;i6aicTh, To He MO)KHa 6yJio Kpame BMra,n;aTM, SIK 3MilliaTM Qi )J.Ba HapO.ZJ.H TaK, l.l.\0 B)l(e Jierrue MOJIOKO Bi,n; MOJIOKa Bi,n,n;iJIHTM, Hi)K llOJibCbKY KpOB Bi)J. JIMTOBCbKOi.

Y UhOMY SI Mir .n;ocTaTHbO Haoqao nepeKoHaTHCSI y

. .

BiTe6ch-

Ky, ,n;e CJIY)KHB npoTSirOM BICIMHa,li;I..{SITM pOKIB, KOJIH KOMaH,n;yBaB )I(QBHipaMM, .n.osipeHMMH MeHi 3 BOlli seJIHKMX KopoJiiB CHri3MYHJI.a AsrycTa i CTeipaaa, KOTpi (KopoJii) CTaJIH KicTKOIO B roplli MOCKOBMTa.

51,

BBa)KaH, TopKascSI pyKoiO seJIHKOi npMH3Hi i1 qyi1HocTi ll\OJI.O

ce6e 3 TOrO MOMCHTy, SIK ODHHHBC.H y QiH 3Hal.JHiH .n.ep)KaBi, OC06JIMBO )K y npenMIIIHOMY JI.OMi Baiiioi naHChKOI MOCTi. ToMy n nparHyn xoq

.HKOCb Bl.ZJ..ZJ.SitiHTH CBOIMH DOCJiyraMH 3a He 3acJiy)KeHy MHOIO JIIO,ll;-

ChKICTh lliJI.HXeTHoro JIHTOBCbKoro Hapo.n;y, a JI.ICTasmw TpoxH qacy nicJISI TPHBaJIHX Ta pi3HOMaHiTHHX BHnpo6ysaHh, 3Ba)KHBCH HanwcaTM JIMTOBChKY icTopiiO cnoqaTKY JiaTHHOIO, a Tenep y)Ke H: no-nOJihChKM. 3HaiO, 11.(0 qepe3 ue MeHi, OtieBH,lJ.I-10, ,li;OKOpSITHMYTh TMM, LUO Sl npH6yJiel..{b, 11.(0 .H He,lJ.OCBi,lJ.l.JeHHM y DOJihChKiH MOBi, a B3RBCSI 3a TaKy BeJIHKf cnpasy. AJie Me He .ZJ.y)Ke BTilllaE MOSI Bi pHiCTb Ta B.ZJ.HtiHiCTh .ZJ.O I..{HX Hapo.n.is, KOTpi MeHe npHHHRJIH, OTOl.JHJII1 Ta 03.ZJ.06HJII1.

KOJIH

)K TBO.H naHChKa fiOBa)KHiCTb, 3HatiHHH BOEBO.ZJ.O, B.ZJ.iJIHlll MeHi CBOIX CBiTJia H 3aXMCTy, TO B)KC I-JiXTO He 6y.n;e MeHi CTpaiiiHHM Ta npHKpHM. Eo xTo )K, xi6a mo cJiinHH:, He 6atiHTh 6JIHCKY .n.aBHboro 6araToro soeno.naMH, reTbMaHaMM, enucKonaMH poJly sarnoi naHChKoi MOCTi? XTo *

3aB)I(JI.M

Kap,nHHaJiaMM

He qys npo naJIKY no6o*HiCTh

BalliOI MOCTl naHa, 3anaJieHy He TaK KHH31BChKOIO BMCOKICTIO, HK KaTOJIHI.J.bKHM sorHeM? Oc.HSIHHH u.ieiO no60)I(HicTIO, TH xoTin TH i 3 BeJIHKOIO llOlliTHBiCTIO UiJiyBaTH BCi

II MiCUR,

II 6aY.H-

KOJII1 BlllaHOByBa-

JIH TaiHcTno Harnoro cnaciHH.sJ:. Te6e He 3HaJIH (J(o6pe) ui JIIOJI.M, KOJIH TH OpHHH)I(yBaBCSI 3a)(JIH 6illhlliOI llOKOpH, O.ZJ.I-IaK, rli.HHYBlliH Ha o6JIHti'tJ.sJ: naHCbKe i, BBa)KaH, KH.H)Ke, KOTpe E )(3epKaJIOM TBOrO CHJlhHOro Jlyxy, BOHH Te6e oco6JIHBO IIIaHyBaJIH. HasiTh caM TypeuhKHH 6ycypMaH, TiJibKM rJI.sJ:HYBlliH Ha Te6e, He Mir 6yTH T06i He6e3DC'lJHHM, 60 TaK Te6e, Hi611 COHI..{e, OCSIBaB i 6opOHHB QeH MaECTaT 60)I(CCTBeHHHX qecHOT. ToMy

n :H

xoqy UIO OKpeMy KHHry npo JIHTOBChKY icTo-

298

KHMrA II pi10 B,Z)JifTII H 3aXI1CTI1TH BI1)J.aTHI1M iMCHCM RalllOI naHCbKOI MOCTi, Miii MIIllOCTHBMJi naue. ToMy npomy: 3BOJ1h neceno

ii JiacKano i

l 'i si.n Melle npMihuiTH

6yTx1ll naTpOHOM, a MOIM MHJIOCTHBHM naHoM Ta

.no6pO.ll.i€M. )I{IfBI1 >K HKHail/].ODIUe y fOCOO/].HbOMY 6narOCJIOBCHHi 51K OKpaca CBOfO Hapo,l(y, a 5I HKHaMCTapaHIIirne BiMaiO CBOI nocnyrM MHJIOCTI1BiH Jiacui BalllOI MOCTi . .l(aHo 3 KpaKosa /J.HH

18 >KOBTHH 1611

poey.

BeJibMO>KHOCTi aarnol, MOfO MOCTHBOfO nana, BCbOfO ,ZJ.06pa 3HqJIHBHH

nai1HH>KqHi1 Cll)'ra OJieKcaH,np fsaHbiHi, rpacp JiaTepaHCbKoro

nana~y. KOMaH,n.Hp rnap.niH.cbKOi KiHHOTH.

(c.

KHHrA II

q:ACTHHA I KHHrH II,

. . '-'

B .HKIH MlCTHTbC.H

,li;OKA3QBHH BHBI,ll; I TIOqATQK 3HAqHoro H CJIABHOrO JIMTOBCbKOrO HAPO.lJ:Y, ,li;O TOrO )I(Q~HHM ICTOPJ!KOM ,li;OCTATHbO HE BI,li;OBPA)KEHHM

··roJieMeii, Haiinepumii

JiiTO!ut-

cel..\b BCbOrO CBiT)', € Hai1o6i3HaHiiiH:IM npo TOM Kpaii,JJ.e HHHi )1(11Be JII1TBa, Ta npo iHllli npWierJii nposiHI..\i'i, .HK-oT: Pycb, Tio,ni.n:JI.H, Oi,nmilliW.H, )KM}'.Ub iT. ,n. Ka)KYTb, w:o TaM KOJIHCb i3 JJ.aBHix qacis 6yJI11 MeiiiKaHI..\i, .HKHX choro,nHi HeMa€ i CJii,uy, a caMe: raniHlJ.H, 6o.ZJ.HHH, reHiHH, cyJJ.HHH, KapHOHH, aMaKco· 611, cTa6aHH, crypHH, HaCI..\H, acy611, aH6ioHH, yM6poHH 11 capraTI1, a )1(11JII1 BOHI1 Mi)K Jho6JiiHOM Ta EepecniM-JIHTOBChKHM. Yci BOHH 6epYTb no'tlaTOK Bi,n KiMBpiB, roTiB i capMaTiB, .HK 1..\eH )Ke flTOJieMeH OTIOBi)J.a€. 0cKiJibKI1 IK

36i0Jc.u nOJ(OO.Rm&

'(_~tBpu

BiH U111pllle Bi)J. HaC Ofli1CaB TIOXO)l.)KeHH.H capMaTiB, MeHi 3)l.a€TbC.H, l.l.{O npo iMeHa, npi3BHU~a KiMspis i lx Harn:a.n.KiB CTHCJIO BHCJIOBHB. OT)Ke, sciM 3,naETbCH, w:o KiMnpM nilllJIH si.n. foMepa (Gomera), BH)'Ka HoEnoro, cTapworo cuHa.H<f>eTosoro; B3HJIH i1 iM'H si.n. Hhoro, HKe '-Iepe3 6araTo poKin.uemo 3MiHHJIOCH, 3 l.{J1M Dei icTOpHKH norO,lJ.)KYJOTbC.H. l.(i Hall{a)J.KH Jl<f>eTa 6iJihmy l.{aCTHHY 3eMJii B €nponi Ta AJil Jaxom1JIH, a i1oro BJiacHe iM'.H OJHal..JaJIO «DOWHpeHH.H», TaKO)K «W:aCJII1Be 6aTbi<iDCbKe 6JiarOCJIOBeHHH». l..JaCTHHa IX, DJHBWH csii1 no'-IaToK si.n foMepa, ,nii1u1Jia .no KiMMepirtchKOro Eoc<f>opy, ociJia 6iJIH MeoTiiicbKoro o3epa, .HKe Dill. HHX HaJsaHe KiMMepii1ChKHM, He,naJJeKo ni.n. piKH ,lloH, B Pn3aHCbKOMY KHH3iBCTBi, npHJierJioMy .no sem·tKoro

'Eamr,l(j8UJUHa

l\_iM8pi6

KHH3H MOCKODCbKOfO. floTiM, OCKiJibKH 1..\e IM 6yJIO Hena)KKO, BOHI1 niUJJIH JJ.aJii qepe3 He,na.neKi KOplJ.OHH, '-Iepe3 p ych, JIHTny, iHcpJIHHTI1, 6opycn, mo ix Tenep JDeMo npyccaMI1 , i qepe3 KiMMepiikhKI1H XepcoHec, .u.e HnHi lllae1..\iH, ,llaHiH, fOJIJiaH,Ui.H, W11pOKO po3CiHJil1CH no BCiX 1..\HX 6eperax, JanaHy-

BaJII1 1, JJ.ell{O 3M1HI1Blll11 JI1Tep11 B Ha3BI, CTaJIH Ha3HBaTHCH KlMBpaMI1 (cymbrami). AJie KOJIH i B nKOMy Bl1na,ni<y 1..\H 3MiHa MiCI..\n npO)KI1BaHHH H Ha3Dl1 MOrJia CTaTI1C.H, HiKOMY He Bi,lJ.OMO, OCKiJibKI1 )KO,UHa KpaiHa He ni1Uie npo Te, 40MY 1..\e MaJIO 6 cTaTMC.H. Bee )I( Tpe6a 3HaTH, u~o KiMnpt1 3aB)K.ZJ.H 6yJJH* / / (c. 2) JIIOJJ.bMH BOHOBHH1.{11MI1, Tnep,nHMH, Xli)KIIM11, w:o Jacni,nqy-

* ,lJ.Hn. i/\CifT114H I1H MaJIIOHOK y KH. I (C. 94 opuriHaJly).

300

KHlirA II IOTb IXHi cnpaBH- M)'){<Hi, CMiJIHBi il nOT)')I(Hi ,nil U{OJlO J<O)I(HOfO oopora. l)o, nOKI·l Hynum u,ux nim-ti'-IHHX MeuiKaHtdn, noHH '-IHCJIOM yTpHcTa TMOit.t yo ii-i-

'.J(iJ.t8pu ltanailaiVtnb Ita tfipnu-

WJill Yepe3 HiMeU.oKy JeMJIIO cnot.taTKY .JJ.O feJibneu.il Ta <l>paHtdl. DoTiM 'lYJbi\Y ma icnmiCbi\JJ BOHH, "'l1H.st"'li HaCKOKll, TIJIIOHJlp)'B<l1111 JcnaHiTO. llOTiM 6JIJ131>KO CTO JlCCJI- JC/•fJii TOfO poKy .no PiJ.n.sa XpHCTona BOHI1 HanaJIH Ha ITa.niikhK)' 3CMJIIO, 6iJiomy 'Bii1Hu l(ilttGpiG t.tacTuHy SIKOr3asmomum, i po36HJIH Haiinepmoro p11MChKoro paJtHI1Ka Ha y lmMii iM'.st nanipi.H Kap6oH 3i nciM nifiCoKOM. DoTiM si.n HHX ){(C M. IOHiyc :Heuyzur u6i CiJibBaH, Jan' SI3aBllll1 Hetu.acmmy 6nTB)', JaJHan nopa3I<11; a noTiM Anpe11iif 6um0u ma nopaJI(_U CI<aspyc, nocoJI pa;{HHKiB, sTpaTHBmH p11MCJ,I<i niikhKa, noTpan11n ){O pyK puJ.tJIJlH KiMnpin )1(11Bll,eM i 6yu y6HTJ.n1 IXHiM KOpoJieM oeJIOIO (Bela). U,e Di!l6ynaJIO- 6iJ l\.iJ.tGpi8 CJI , 3rillHO 3 Tau,HTOM, poKy micTcoT copoKonoro nicJIR JacHynaHH.H P11My. BpewTi p11MJIRHII JHony, 3i6pannm 6iJII>me sii1cbKa, ni)l. ropaMH, .HKi Ha:msaiOTb AnbnaMa, CKCp)'DaJJJ1 CBOI BiHChKa npOTH KiMBpin, 0/1,H3K i TaM )l.Olli.CHT)' 6ym1 po36HTi. To,ni ll,. l\1muziu (C. Manlius) 3aJIHWHBC.H Ha noJii 6010, a 3 HMM noJIJirJio siciM.n.ec.HT THCHt.t pHMCbi<oro BOIHCTBa. Cepei.!l.iilll,enio (Seruilius Cepio), reThMaH BCboro uii1cbKa, 3 KpHnasol nopa3KI1 Jie.n.se 3 noHa;:J; ,li,eCJI"TKOM BI1Hlll0B, HCC~M HCJ.I.J.aCJIJ.iB)' 3BiCTK)' ,li,O p11MChKOrO ceHary, .n.e iioro 6yJio noJ6aaJieHo Bcooro Ma.i1Ha, HepyxoMoro i p yxoMoro, a KpiM TOrO, ,neKpCTOM BCbOfO CeHaT)' 3a Te, lll.O 'llepe3 CBOIO BnepTiCTb TaK 6araTO siiicbKa I I (c. 3) BTpaTHB, noKapaHo cMepTio. lcTopMKM TBep.n.snb, m.o p11MJI.HHM HiKOJII1 6iJiblliOI nopa3KI1 Bi)l; )I(Q)l;HOfO Henp11.SITeJIR He 3a3HaJJM, .stK To.n.i si.n. KiMapia. ToMy, 6y.n.yq11 cryp6oaaHHMM, .n.y)Ke a6oJiiBal0\.111 3a ycnix cao€1 .n.ep)l(aBH, nparH)"lJM 3ano6irrM Mai16yrHi:H He6e3neu.i ai.n. He.n.aaHbOI nopa3KI1, lll.OJleHHO Bl1fJIJI'JlaJIM TIO.HBI1 Bopora, .stKHM 3arpO)f()'BaB Micry. BHKJUIKaJJM 311iBil Mapin (C. Mariusa), reTbMaHa cnpaBHOro, BOMOBHM'lJOfO Ta m.acJIMBoro, .stKHH TaM nepeMir IOrypry. qepe3 )l.Ba poKM no u.iM: nopa3.Qi Mapii:i po36HB JlBi TMC.st'tli KiMBpiB i TeBTOHiB, 3iTKHYBlll'HCb 3 HI1MI1 )' 3aneKJiiH 6MTBi HaJl 60JIOT'HCTHMM BO,li,aMH. ilOTiM )' HOBiM 6MTBi TaK 6araTO KiMBpiB Ha MiC.Qi llOKJiaB, lll.O MaCMJiiHQi, 3i6paBlliH KiCTKH y6HTI1X, 06ropO.ll.>K)'BaJIH HHMH BMHOrpa,li,HHKH, a nOJIJI, y.n;o6peHi JIIO,li,CbKOIO Kpoa'IO JI'K HaHKpall.\MM rHO€M, )KHpHilO'lJH, 6)'JIH pOJllO'liMMH Ta .z:r.aBaJIH )l;OCTaTOK npOTSfOM 6araTbOX poKiB. lloTiM KiMBpH, 3MeHWeHi 'lJHCJIOM i CHJIOIO, ane He BTpaTHBlliM xopo6pocTi, Ji6paJIMCH paaoM. BoHH po3nopomHJIH sii:fcoKO pHMChKoro KOHcyJia (burmistrza) KaryJia (Katulusa) i cTaJJM Ta6opoM 6i11.st piKM ATeJM (Atezu). ,[(osi~aBmMcb npo u.e, Mapin HKHaiiwBH,li,me nocnimHB .n.o HMX, o6' €.n;HaB CBO€ aiiichKO 3 KaryJIOBHM, ,AaB iM 6HTBY 29 JmnH.st M nepeMif ix COpOK THCS'lJ. lliCJIJI' .Qi€i nopa3K11 BOHH 8)1(~ He MOfJIH CflOJliBaTHCH Ha ycnix i 6yJIH 3MYllieHi 3 hanii nepeHeCTHCH Ha iHmi Mic.QH; BOHH BHpyniHJIH )' 6aTbKiBCbKi Kpai, OC06JIHBO 3eMJii ,AaTCbKi, lliBe,ACbKi, iH· <flJISIH.ll.ChKi, npyccbKi HJIHTOBChKi. Ti a HHX, m.o 3axonliJIH JIHTOBChKi Kpai, ~rurr8a 6yJIH HaasaHi reni,AaMH. A B TiM: cTopoHi, .ne )I(M}',Ab, E'Heil Ci.Jr.'beiu (Aeneas no~ Sylvius) KJia.ne Macazemie (massagethy), aoiioBHHttHM, 3ri.n;Ho 3 l lJiiHi€M, Ha· 6W~8pi8 S8iihQl po~. JlHTOBCbKHM )Ke Hapo.A, SJK ~oao.n;HTb .n.o6pHMH apryMeHTaMH Epa3M no~oCJAme. CmeM.a (Erasmus Stella), niiiioB ai.n; roTiB. OcKiJihKH KHS13& JlHTaJISIH, a6o HIIJ6u Aunt6u, xA«y~ rna JlMTBOH, CHH npyccbKOfO KOpOIDI BeHe.nyra, pmcy Bi.n; Pia.ABa rocnO,AHbOfO iH~i6

301

KHHrA II 573 yniHWOB y

u;i Kpai, cyci.AHi 3 6aTbKiBCbKOIO ,Aep>KaBOIO, B SIKMX KOJIHCb

)KMJIM aJISIHM, i JIMTBi ,AaB Ha3BY Bi.A csoro iMeHi. A )l(My.Ab ni,n 6paTa u;b0ro >K JlMTBOHa, ~o 3BaBcSI Cai1Mo, CMHa npyccbKOro KHH3SI, u;ei1 >Ke

EfJa:JM Cme.J1,-

./Ul y 3ra,AaHii1 npycchKiH icTopil Ha3MBaE CaMoriTiEIO, KoTpa lllMpOKHMH i1

,AOBfMMM naCMaMM npOCTSifaJiaCSI a)K ,l(O npyccbKMX Ta iH<f>JISIH,ACbKMX KOp,AOHiB. TaKO)K JiaTMra.nu, a6o JIOTBa, HKMX cboro.AHi JiiBOHIJ;SIMH, T06To iH<f>JISIH,AIJ;SIMM, niCJISI 06 '€,l(HaHHSI 3 HiMQSIMM 3BeMO, Bi,A QbOfO )K JlHTBOHa cniJibHO 3 JIHTBOIO Ha3BY CBOIO Be.AYTb· Ti >K HapO.AH, SIK-OT: npyccH, TIOJIOBQi, )KM)',Ab, reni,nM, SITBSirH, JIHTBa, iH<f>JIHH,AQi, KYPJIRH.AQi, JiaTMmi, SI3HrH, a6o iroB'SIHM, XO"' i MaJIM pi3Hi Ha3BM, aJie O.AHy, 3 He3Ha"'HHMM Bi,AMiHHOCTSIMM Many, no.Ai6Hi Mi)K co6oiO 3BM"'al, npasa i1 cnoco611 ne,AeHHH sii1HH y 3ri.AHOJlrn$!UUxopcmol(!lr'1 Hllpoi1, nuJ)I, C)e ~w.IIJllUJJI.ll

M)' noxo.Ai npoTM xpucTHHH,

(c.

4)*

o,nHaK KO)KHa nponiHU:iH, MaiOqH

BJiaCHOfO KHSI3H, Bi,A.AiJIHJiaCSI O)J.Ha Bi,A .Apyrol neBHHMH KOp.AOHaMH. RTBHrM 6yJIH )KOpCTOKHM HapO.U.OM, BOHH )KHJIM 6iJIH JIHTOBCbKOfO KOp.AOHf, HellO,AaJiiK Ma3onil, ,Ae HHHi Ili.AJIRllllllR, 3 noJIH 6MTBM He TiKaJIM: a6o oTpuM)'BaJIH nepeMory, a6o JIHraJIH nepeMO)KeHHMH Ha noJii 6oiO, qepe3 u.e BOHH

IHUJil HaJ6a

3arHHYJIH B nOCTiMHHX 6HTBaX, IX 3aJIHWKM o6epHfJIMCH B cyci,nHi JIHTBY,

.llum6u 6iJMUCJIU6· Ct>l(fJUJ pozy

pych, ni.AJIRmyKiB Ta Ma3ypis. ,l(eSIKi BBa)KaiOTh, Hi6M llMTBa

a Lituo (~o 03Ha-

qae MHCJIHBCbKHH pir), T06TO Bi)J. MMCJIMBCbKOfO pory, Ha3BaHa, aJie BHCHOBOK cJiymHo He npHi1Ma€ThCH .ZJ.OCBi,n"'eHHMM icTopHKaMH . Mau.ei1

ImMiulji

MexoncbKMH Ta,l(nyrolll, JiiTonMcu:i noJihCbKOI icTopil, ~e i1 pychKi xpoHi-

pOJMHO:HCUJlU .llumo6ct>I(JJU

KM llOCBi.U.qyiOTb, nHIIIfTb, I.IW ,l(eRKi iTaJiiHQi 3i CBOIM KHH3eM flaJieMOHOM HapoiJ BHaCJii,AOK "111 TO TMpaHii HepOHa, q11 3acJiy)KeHOfO BHfHaHHSI, l.JM yriKai0"111 Bi)J. )KOpCTOKOCTi yropcbKOfO KOpOJIH ATTiJIH, KOTpHH BOrHeM i MeqeM nJIIOH.U.pysas npHKop.l(OHHi KpaiHH,

(c.

nic.n.s~ .l(OBroro n.nasaHHSI

3aTOKH Ea.nTiiichKoro Mop.s~, ~o OMHBaE Ilpycciro, )KMy.l(b Ta IH<f>JIRH.U.iiO, .Plamuuc111(j nul imMir'1· c1>1(j CJLo6a

piKoiO HiMaHOM, SIKY IlToJieMei1 Ha3MBaE KpoHOHOM, npHHlliJIH KpaiB, Qe

H CaM JIHTOBCbKHM Hapo.zr. SICHO CBi.l(l.JHTb,

.u.o QHX

60 B HOfO pi.llHiM MOBi

JH~OiJJlrnf>

y .llumo6· TIO,AH6yEMO "'HMaJIO JiaTMHCbKHX Ta iTaJiiHCbKHX CJiiB, RK-OT: dziewos JIH-

c~>l(ju Mo6i

TOBCbKOIO, a JiaTHHOIO- Deus, To6To Eor,

saulas y

HHX coHQe, a JiaTHHOIO-

sol; MaiOTh i HiMel\bKHX c.nin y cBolii MOBi "'HMaJio, SIK-oT: Kinig, a y HMXKonigos, KHR3b. MaiOTb y ce6e i1 KiJibKa rpeubKMX c.niB, 6o BOHH6y.nH TaKoJK

y fpeuii, !JIM e/tiOH

Ha.u MopeM IloHTii1chK11M, 6yJIM TaKoJK i B Ep11TaHii6JIH3hKO, Ha

Mopi, KOTpe 3apa3 Ha3HBa€MO AHrJiiHChKHM, aJie B QHX cnoix KpaHx 3 IlaJieMOHOM 3iHIIIJIHCSI . Tsep.uHTh npo UbOro Ila.JieMoHa, BJiacHe iM'R KoTpo-

.?lumo6c1>1(UU

npocmomoiJ ro 11CHO CBi.l(l.JHTb, lJJ,O niH 6yn JiaTHH11HMHOM a6o iTaJiiHQeM, lJJ,O niH Man npH J zomiiJ, C06i BipHe TOBapHCTBO, pO,AHqiB Ta niMaHHX iJ BI1,AaTHHX pO.lliB, HanpHKa UIJIJI)(!Tia

J imMiuiji8

Jia)l. YpcMHM, KoJIIOMHH, IOJiiaHH, Ue3apHHH, ramTOJib,lli1; niH 3a6paB ix i3

IIO)(_OdJllllb

C060IO ,AO JlHTBM, HaHBM,AHiWHM JIHTOBCbKHM po.zr.aM Ha,llaB IXHi rep611, a 3

lmaJiie~" !JIQAt.MOH,

U:Hx po.zr.in po3pocJiacH IIIJIHXTa. AJIMTOBCbKe nocniJibCTBO, ceJIHHH, opaqi,

nepzuuii npOCTi JIIO)J.H nim.nH BiA fOTiB. Jlumo6cui(UU I(HliJb

QHM llOfO.AIKYETbCSI qJIIMaJIO nOJibCbKHX ,

HiMeUhKHX i pychKHX JiiTonHcuin Ta icTopHKiB. BiMaiO"'H HaJieJKHe ixHii1 .llYMUi

i1 anTopuTeToni, MH i1 caMi TaK caMo po3}'MiEMO u:e.

* ,ll1m. i;tcnTH4HHi1 Ma.JIIOHOK y KH. I (c. 2 opHriHaJiy).

302

KliMr A II Toll,i t\er1 Oa.JteMoH 3a cnii'J np11po)l.Hnif poJyM Gyn npHih-utTHM Jl.HKHM

Bin iM'.H Cl30€.i uiTt.JH3Hl1 ha.Jlil.a.o u.iEi Kpa1HI1 npmumnum, cnot.JaTKY HaJnan ·il J1 iTtUii€K>. Tpuna.JT J1H '-lac T)'T 36epiraTJHOI iTa.nii1cbKi

Hapo.noM Ja KH.n3sL

3£JiJ,cu no;ro0um11 JzaJaHa Ylum6a

31311Yai, a.ne 31'0.UOM BOHII 3MiHI IJJII C.H Ha ,lli1Killii, a KpaiHa 6yJJa HaJnaHa J1MTBOIO. )J.e.HKi TaKO)K CTDepJl.)KYIOTb, Il~O U.i )I( iTaJiiHU.i 8i)J. 6epera ba.JITiMCbKOfO MOpS!, ~0 OMMBae OpycciiO, IH<f>JI.HH~iiO, )I(MJ,Il.CbKi

i1 JJMTOI3CbKi Kpai, 3 .HKOrO 80HI1 CllOt.JaTK}' 8J111IUJJI1 Ha cymy, Ha3BaJII1 JliT8aHi€10. A KOJJM IlOTiM CTaB

YlumOa (no)(_oOumr.} 8W 6epeza

u aHyBaTl-1 Ha~a.noK DaJieMoHiB :l I~boro )J( napo.a.y, iTaniiiu.i 0~10 Hony JiaTJ1HCbK}' Ha3BY He TiJibKH Bi.UKHH}'Jlll, a H HaBt.J11JJHCSI Ba)J(KOI Ta HenOUJJ1peHOI MOBl-1 L~11x )f<HTeJJiH, npHilH.HJIH II SIK CHOIO nJiacHy i cnpHi1H.HJII1 cnoci6 )J(HTT.H cniJJhHI1It 3 U11MH )J( ):(11KI1MH JIIO):(hMH. Bee )f< T.(eii JIHTOBCbKHH Hapo):( npoT51fOM TPHBaJIOI'O Yacy ni):( not.JaTKY cnoro naii)'BaHH11 6yn He3Ha'-IHI1M, Ha,D. HHM pycb Mana 3BepxHiCTb i1 6pana 3 Hhoro .a.aHMHy. Oco6JIHBO ~e t.JHHH8

YlumfJa 6yna paHiwe HeJHD'lHQ, 6yna 6 nw· iJaHcmtn

y pyci

KHIBCbKHH KH.H3b, ~o 6ys KOJJHCb MOHapxoM Pycbi<OI 3eMJJi. BiH 6pan 3 HHX 51K i3 sacani8 8iHHI<M i1 JJHI<O ):(JJSI nJieTiHHSI JIHt.JaKis, a 6pan ~e qepeJ HeCTal.JY

i1 HepO.li.IO'liCTb 3eMJii, 511<}' ~e He o6po6JJ.HJII1, 3a,ll.JI51 811518}' C80€I38epxHocTi Ha.A HHMH. TiJJbKH MeH.U.OJib<Pyc, a6o MeH):(08r (Mendog), i BiTeHb 3 fe.UHMiHOM, npeCJiaBHi i1 HaiiasropHTeTHimi KH513i ~Hx.a.ep)f(aB, KOTpi ni):(HeCJIH c8ii1 8po.a.)J(eHHi1 ~HiM .zcyx 11, ni):(H518lliH 3 3eMJii np11nane n11JIOM p11uapcbKe peMeCJio, I

I (c. 6) nol.JaJIH 8M6M8aTHC.H 3 pychKOro 51pMa, 51Ke no'-IaJJOai3a lxHix

.9lum6a 8u6wttUJl J ilP-"Ul pgci

nonepe.LJ.HMKiB, i TaK O):(HH 3a ):(pyrMM, ci.a.aiOt.JH Ha KH.H3i8CbKHM npeCTOJI, 3an):(51KH i1 cynopiif ~HOCTi ,

11: ~aCJIMBHM Hana):(aM TaK CHJibHO ):(aJJHC51 B3Ha-

KH pycbKHM KH.H3HM, ~o He TiJibKH lxH€ 51pMo 3 ce6e CKMH}'JIM, a i1 lx caMHX .UO TOfO .UOBeJIH,

mo BOHH 6yJIH 3MYllleHi IM J).aBaTH TaK)' )J( .uaHHHY, .HK)' JIMT-

sa npOT51rOM TpHsanoro q acy .n.asana pyci. Tenep MH BHne.a.eMo nO'-IaTOK JIMTOBCbKHX KH.H3iB 3fi):(HO 3 110p51.LJ.KOM Bi.LJ. IXHiX nepm11X npe):(KiB, T06TO Bi.LJ. TpbOX 6paTi8 J1aneMOHa, 3a lXHbOIO BJiaCHOIO reHeaJIOri€10.

TIOPR,ll;OK I fEHEAJIOfiR JII1TOBCbKI1X KHR3IB IlaJieMOH, BeJzy'-1:11 CBiH pi.D. 3 6aTbKiBCbKHX pHMCbKHX KpaiH, flO.LJ.OJI(lB y JIHTBi 6e3Jii'tJ. pi3HHX BHfl(i.lJ.KiB

He6e3-

!JTtJ.II.e.MOK Jt111UU1U6

now6i

neK i 3aJJI1W11B no co6i TpbOX OHYJ<iB, npo KOTpHX pych ycynepeq icTHHHiH

6H!P'i8

npas.ni icTopHKis noni.D.oMJIHE, ~o Qe 6yJIH i%oro BJiacHi CHHH.I..\i 'rpoe, a ca-

'Eop1QJC,

Me EopK)'c, K}'HOlll i Cnepa, niCJia tioro cMepTi CTa.JIH naH}'BaTH y JIHTBi.

i Crupa

303

'XJ/HOUl

KHMrA II liopKyc (Borkus) 3acHysaa To~i Ha~ piKoJO IOproJO, KoTpa ana~ae y HiMaH, 3aMOK y )I{My~i. i Ha3saa 1'1oro ni~ piKH Ta caoro iMeHi IOp6opK, CTOITb siH i noHI1Hi; TaM )Ke EopKyc, 6y~yqu HeMaJJHM qac Ha naH)'BaHHi, ri~HO npO)KJ1B KH113CM CBO€ >KM'ITR. 3~01(

9iJ/HOIUi6

(KunoszL niUionmu ~ani, 3acHysan y Qii1 )KC KpaiHi 3aMoK KyHOUiis si~ csoro iMeHi, ~o .HKOro TC)K npHJIYt.JI1B cyci~HIO nposiHQiiO. ACne-

KYJIOW

?(Jpuyc. 916ym pa, 36y~ysasUin Ha ropi Ha~ piKoiO CneTOJO 3aMoK, Ha3BaHMi1 BiJihKOM11p, noqan TaM naHysaTM. DoTiM EopKyc i Cnepa nepe~ KyHoUieM nOKMHYJIH X#puo8- Qei1 csiT. BiH OTPHMaB no noMep;mx 6paTax ixHi ~ep)KaBM, nopo~HB ~sox cmOJIII'lHUU

niHiB, KepHyca i1 fi6YTa. RK TiJibKM KyHoUI noMep, i:ioro CMH KepHyc nocin y 'Bt.~~uraMry JIHTOBCbKe KH113iBCTBO no o6ox 6oKax pii<M BiJiil, 3acHysas CTOJIHGHHi1 3a~~ 7 .9lumo0ct.P(9.41!J MOK KepHOB H~ BiJii€10. Dpo QbOro KepHyca pycb TBep~MTb, I I (c. ) mo JCL\IOI(

.9lum6a ~~~~

CbJCPW

pozy

niH Jhnsy a Lituo, T06To si~ MMCJII1BCbKOro pory, Ha3BaB JliTBaHiEIO, ane . . HIGHM HC MO)KC QbOfO ni~TBCp~HTH.

ri6yr (Gibut) )KC, pi~HMi16paT KepHyca, naHynaB H~ )KMyMJO i, o6'e.uHaBlliM CMJIM 3 6paTOM, nycTOlliMB y3.UOB)K i snonepeK Pych 6iJIH EpacJiasa 11 lloJIOQbKa. KoJIM )I( nosepH)'JIMC.H Ji 3.U0611t.Jt.JIO, TO 3aCTaJII1 )KMy.li.h cnJIIOH.n.posaHoJO csoiMH npMJICfJII1M11 cyci~aMJ1-iHcpiiHH)I.IVIMI1. 3a~JIH noMCTI1 BOHH cnyCTOI.I.II1JIH BOfHCM i MC~CM BCIO hicpJI.SIH~CbJ<Y 3CMJIJO. :Ku6i6yniJ, RK TiJibKM noMep KepHyc, TO i1oro CMH )Kuni6yH.U (Ziwibund) BCTYmm Jlumo8c~>l(ui1 I(HJIJ~> Ha JIMTOBChKHH npecTOJI, aHa )KMY.li.ChKm1- MoHTBiJI (Montwil), ~o 6ys MoHmiJi.n, nicJI.H fi6YTa. Ui Te)K, 6yJI.y~m y 6paTepcbKiH mo6osi, B MMpi 36epiraJIH csoi 31C.4f!Jihr(Ju"i ~Cp)KaBM Bi~ HCI1p11HTCJiiB, O}J.HaK )I(C 3a np11C.Slf010, 3ri~HO 3 TaMTCI.I.IHiMH I(H$1Jb

3131-ft.Ja.HMM, ~aBaJJH pychK11M KH.H35JM BiHHKH ~JI.H Jia3Hi H JIHKO ~JIR flJICTiHHH JIHt.Jai<iu .HK ~aHHHy. A I<OJIH, He;~onro naH)'Bamuu, MoHTBiJI nimon Ha TOH CBiT, HOfO CMH BiKiHll. (Wikind) CTaB )I<My~CbKHM KH513CM. 'Eamui1 To~i, KOJIM TaTapcbKMi1 BO)I(~b EaTMi1 3Ha"'HY "laCTI1HY PycbKoi 3CMJii tl/liOHiJp!Jf Pycv CllJJIOH~pysaB BOfHCM i MCt.JCM Ta 3MCHllli1B i llOCJia6HB CHJ111 TaMTClllHiX KH.Sl3iB, Jll1TOBCbKI1H KH.Sl3b )I{J.1si6yH.U, 11\06 3BiJlhHI1TI1C.H Bi.ZJ. pychKOI ,[\aHHHH, }J,O"'CI<aBC.H t.tacy, ll~06 3JI.06yTM BOlli<), CKepynas CIIHa £p.U311BiJia (Erdziwila) 3i 36poeiO B pyKax Ha cnycTOlliCHH.n pychKHX Kop.n.oHiB. Ep.n.6epe pycvl(j JOMI(U 3MBiJI, nepenpaBI1BIJIHCb qepe3 piry BiJJiiO, oBOJ10.ZJ.iB pychKI1M MicToM i 3aM'EpiJJ u6111 KOM Honropo~I<OM i TaM nocTaBMB CTOJIMU:IO cnoEI/\Cp)l(ann. TioTiM siH JOCII!Jf}a8 nepecyHys .n.a.11i cao·i HaMeTH i, m16panw11 Ha.ZJ. piKoiO HiMaHoM caMOIO npu!Tpoihto '£piJJU IJi.n

304

KHHrA II po.n.oJO yKpinneuvli1uarop6, 3ClCH)'BaB TaM 3aMOK, Ha~maH J.IH rpoJJ.HO. Pyunm- '£piJJU0UI o8oJio,Ji(} lill13 niik t>KOM Ha Ili;VHilillli.H, BiH 3aHH.HB cnycTOIUeHi TaTapHHOM .6aTH€M 9(W./UlUIUJJl.M 3aMKI1: E epecT.H-JIHTOBCbKe, MeJibHHI<, ,lloponP-JMH i 3a6e3n e tJMB rx MinHOIO o6opoHoJO; nci ni Kpar siH nerKo ni.n.KopMn csoi'i:f sna.n.i. n o cMepTi 6aTbKa i c rplHt uiH po3.D.aR yp.H.lJ.I1 i1 3eMJii 3acny>KeHHM y Jhns i p o TMicTpaM Ta reTbMaHaM ni.n.nooi .n.Ho .n.o ri.n.HocTi Ta 3acnyr I<O)KHoro: Ei1Kcicosi (Eyxysowi) , Bi.D. .HKOfO nOXO,lJ.I1Tb lUJI.HXCTHa <jlaMiJii.H,llOBOHHiB (Dowojnow), .n.as y BOJJO.D.iHH.H Ti Kpar, .n.e 3apa3 MicTel-JKO Ei:fmMUJKM (Eyszyszki), fpaHcicosi (Gransowi) - Ti, .n.e I I (c. 8) fpaHciiiiKM (Gransiszki), a KoMni (Kampie), ni.n .HKOTO B J111Tni nOXOJ],JJTb lUJIHXCTHHH )J.iM famTOJib)l.iB (Gasztoldow), )J.aB y .n.ep >Kasy OwbMRHY (Osmian~). To;.d Ep;J.3MBiJI, 3MiUHHBilll1 cso10 CHJIY a J1HTBi i Pyc i , nw:eHT po3rpoMMB Ha)J. piKOIO OKyHbOBKOIO 6iJIR MicTel-JKa M o3Hpa uap51 3anoJI3bKMx TaTap Ha iM'51 Kep.nam, KOTpHi13a 3BH'-Ia€M Hana,n.an Ha pycbKI1H Kpai1; noTiM, 3,zdi1cHHBIUM 6ar aTo pHI~apcbKHX cnpaa i csoiO ,n.ep>Kany .n.o6pe 3MiUHMBIDH, nepeHicc51 Ha TOM cniT. 0iCJI51 Hboro .n.so€ CHHin, MiHraH'no (Mingailo) Ta A.nhriM)'H.n. (Algimund), cTanM naH)'BaTM: Allbri MyH.D. H~ )I(MYMIO, a MiHrai1JJO- Ha,lJ. JlMTBOIO. MiHraH.no 3BI1H)'BaTHB y 'lJOM)'Cb HiKOM)' He n i)J.BJJa,lJ.H)' rroJJOUbKY Pycb, 51Ka MaJia OKpeMe KH513iBCTBo; BiH nepeMi r ri BiHCbKO ni.n. II )K }'I<pi riJieHMM 3aMOlJKOM fopO.LJ.KOM, 3,lJ.06ys 3aMOK i 03518 0 0JIOI..lbK, HaJie>KH)' ,lJ.aHHIIY llOKJiaB Ha DOJIO'-IaH i HOBropO.LJ.I..liB, BCTaiiODMB Ha,IJ. HHMH CBOJO sna.ny. fliCJr51 l..lbOro AnbriMyH.D., a Hen.n.on3i niCJI51 Hboro MiHraiUio noKM HyJJM nei1 CBiT, 3aJIMWHBlllH .D;BOX CMHiB, fiHBiJJa (Gniwila) :H CKHPMYHTa (Skinnonta).

To.n.i CKHpMfHT, si.n.npaBHBlliH 3a 3BH'lJa€M 6aTbKosi noxopoHH, naH)'sas Ha.A JIHTOBCbKHMH i1 Hosropo.n;cbKHMH .n.ep)KaBaMH; floJIOUbK )Ke no

'Litl(cic, ?(p.Mna,

!TpnHcic JlumoOcr>l((

iJi.R'li

'£pOJU8iJI poJ6u6 mamap

'£piJJU8iJI no.4tep CuHu '£piJJu8ituz

CuHu 9rfiHUJi1Jza

npupo,nHOM}' npasy Bi)J.i:tiWOB ,no fiHBiJia, .siKHH noTiM, B3SIBWH 3a .np)')KHHY .D;O'IKY TBepCbKOfO KHSI3.sl Mapiio, 6ys oxperqeHHH i Ha3BaHHH reopri€M (Jurgim). BiH MY)I(HbO BOJOBas npoTH ncKOBHT51H Ta CMOJISIH 3a cna.n~HHY, a llOTiM, 3aJIHWHBWH CHHa liopHca Ha KH.si3iBCTBi, po3npo~aBCSI 3i CBiTOM. .BopHc, noxosaam11 6aTbKa, naHyaas y floJIOUbKY ,nocHTb My,npo li $opuc eHepriHHO. BiH ,naB BCJIHKi KOWTH Ha no6y,noay B 3aMKY uerJISIHOi uepKBM CB. Co<f>ii, noTiM 3aCHYBaB uepKBY CB. Cnaca, HKY MH Ha3HBa€MO xpaMOM Cnacume.JIJl (templum Salvatoris), aacHysaa i )KiHO'IHH MOHacTup 3a niBMHJii Bi,n fiOJIOI.\bKa, JJ.e BeJIHKHH KHH3b MOCKOBCbKMH MaB CBOIO pe3HJJ.eHUiJO,

305

KHHrA II KOJIH 3.U.o6ynan IToJIOU:bK. BiH TaKom J6y.D.ynaa HeMaJIHM KOlliTOM .u.ai aeJIHKi u:epKBH Ha 'IeCTb Eop11ca ij fJii6a, CBSITMX pycbKHX naTpOHiB, TaKO)I( i 3aMoK Eop11cin 3 MicToM ai.u. caoro iMeHi Ha)J. piKoiO Eepe3HHOIO, .u.e aeJIHKHH KHH3b MOCKOBCbKHH, 3a6Hpa10 1U:I 3eMJii Bi)J. JlHTBH, CTaBHTb CBOi

KOp,ZI.OHH. (c. 9) ITiCJI.H cMepTi Eop11ca Ha IToJIOU:bKe KH.H3iBCTBO aiiiwos i1oro CHH BaCHJiii1 Pornono.u. (Wasili Rechwold), .HKHH, npoaiaiiiH y cnoKoi enol poKH, po3cTaacsr3i CBiTOM. BiH 3aJIHWHB no co6i Cl1Ha fni6a H )I.O'IKY napacKeay; CHH, He.u.onro naHysanmH a IToJIOQbKy, Ji:Hmos 3i csiry, a H:oro cecTpa ITapacKe9Tapac~6a

aa, 36epifaiO'il1 U:HOTJIHBiCTb, )KMJia B pycbKOM}' MOHaCTHpi, CJIY)I(a'-111 MHJIQ6Pu.Mi CTHBOM}' Eory. TioTiM BOHa BMpywHna 3 .u.e.s~KMMM Ha6mKHMMH rpeQbKMMH JIIO)J.bMH Ha 6orocnymiHH.H .u.o PHM)', TaM BiMaJia .u.yx focno.u.y Eory. 3ro.u.oM BOHa 6yna KaHOHiJOBaHa 3a CBO€ 6Jiaro1.1eCTMBe )f(HTTR, BllHCaHa y CBHTQi H CTaJia Ha3HBaTHC.H y JiaTHHRH ITpaKCH.LJ.OIO. Tenep, nonepTaiO'IHCb si.u. noJIOQbKHX KHR3iB )1.0 JIHTOBCbKHX, CTHCJIO p03nOBiMO npo IXHi cnpaBI1 Ta iMeHa.

P!:JC"'@ c&lma

CI(Jlp.MyHm poJ6u6 CJI!fljbl(fJZO

I(!Ul)Jl

CIQlp.M!fHm 6o10E npomu

Pyci

91Tpoi1Ham

CKBPMYHT, CHH MiHra:HJia, 6paT fiHBiJia, MY)KHbO naHyaaa y JlHTOBCbKiii .u.ep:>KaBi, nepeMir CJIYI.'(bKOfO KH.H3SI McTHCJiaBa, KOTpHi:f BHCryTIHB npoTH Hhoro 3 pycbKHM aiiicbKOM, cnJIJOH.U.pyaaa iioro 3aMKH Typia Ta ITiHCbK. IToTiM niH 3i cnoiM sii:fcbKOM Bll\eHT po36l1B u:apH 3aBOJI3bKHX TaTap EaJiaKJiaR, .HKHH nJIIOH.lf.pynan Pych no6JIH3Y Kati.u.aHoBa. IToTiM po3noqas siiiH}' npoTH pycbKMX KH.H3iB, TOMY ll\O BOHH xoTiJIM BHrHaTH iioro 3 liHTBH. ITosmosaBIIIH Pycb, BiH onono.u.in Mo3MpoM, l.JepHironoM, KapaqeBHM i 3aMKaMM 3 iHIIIHMM npeKpaCHHMH 3eMJI.HMM i ,lJ.aB ii HasiqHQ B y.U.iJI TpbOM CHHaM, TpoiiHary (Strojnatowi), J1Io6apry ii ITicMMOHry, .HKi noTiM BHcrynHJIH npoTH TaTapcbKoro u:apKa, KOTpMti xoTiB nOMCTHTHC.H 3a cMepTb csoro 6aTbKa ii TOMY Hanan Ha pychKi Kpai, po3rpoMHJIH TaTapcbKi siiicbKa, MY)I(HbO ii .u.onro 3 HHMM 6HBIIIHCb. O.u.HaK ni.u. qac n:iEi 6HTBH non.HrJIM .u.sa TpoiiHaTosi 6paTH, Jl106apT ii ITicHMOHT, TiJibKH caM TpoiiHaT 3aJIHIIIMBC.H, ane i BiH HeB,ZJ.OB3i niCJIR U:hOfO llOMep, 3aJIHIIIMBIII11 Cl1Ha .AJihriMOHTa; nicJI.H HbOfO .AJihriMOHT, TaKO)I( He ,li.OBfO naHyBaBllll1 i Hiqoro 3HaqHOfO He

BH.HBHBIIIH, niiiiOB 3a CBOiM 6aTbKOM Ha TOH CBiT. JlHTOBCbKi Ta )I(My,ZI.CbKi g-ei>pyc, J.llmb .u.ep)l(aBI1 B3.HB ni.u. CBOJO nna.u.y KyKyno:HT, cTpHi1 CKI1pMyHTin, .HKHM 6ys y 'XJp(g8oiima 3pinHx niTax. BiH 3aJIHUJHB no co6i 3SIT.R fe.u.pyca, KOTpoMy .u.as y .u.py)I(HHH CBOIO ,li.OqKy llo.HTY (Poiatt(), iiOMY )I( .U.OpyqHBUJH JIHTOBCbKi i :>KMy.lf.CbKi .u.ep:>KaBI1, nonpoi.U.aBc.H 3i cniTOM. fe.u.pyc Te:>K qepe3 HeMaJIHM -qac , MaJOqH n:i KHH3iBCTBa y CBOiH BJia)I.i, 3aJIHlliHBUlH CHHa PHHfOJibTa (Ryngolta), niiiiOB 3a 6aThKOM cno€1 .u.py:>KHHH KyKysoiiToM Ha To:H cniT. PnHrOJibT, noxonaBUJH 6aTbKa 3a noraHCbKHM 3BHqa€M, eTas JIHTOBCbKHM Ta :>KMY.U.CbKI1M KH.H3eM. fipOTI1 HbOfO llOBCTaJIM pyCbKi KH113i, 36y.u.)l(eHi 3a3.u.picTJO, ll\O niH He xoTin iM nJiaTHTH .uaHHHy, np11c.Rrm1c.H Heo.u.MiHHO BH)I(HTH iioro 3 6aTbKiBCbKHX .u.ep)l(aB. BoHH 3i6paJIH TO.U.i niiicbKO 3 HanKoJIHWHix CTOpiH, npH€)J.HaJII1 )1.0 ce6e )I.e11Ki TaTapCbKi Op.UH i 36pOHHO B.D.epJIHC.R B JIHTOBChKi Kpal. PHHrOJibT 3 nOT}')I(HHM niiichKOM I I (c. 10) JIHTOBCbKoro pHn:apcTsa Ta :>KMY.lf.ChKHX MOJio.n.u.in 3aropo.D.HB iM UJJI.HX 6iJI.H MorHJihHOi i .uaa IM :>KopcToKy oHTBY Ha.LJ. pi1m10 HiMaHOM, noKJias cal\mX Ta-

306

KHMrA II Tap wicTb TIIOl'-I, a pycaKiB .n.aaHa/lU.SITh TMCJPL Ue 6yno 1200 poKy ni.n. Punz()Jibm poJ6u6 PiJ.n.na focno.n.a XpMcTa. Y Qi'H 6MTBi Ha noJii 6010 MY>KHbO non.RrJIM TaKi pyc~>I(!J'(, pycbKi KH.R3i, SIK ,l{nMHTpii1 .n.py~hKMH, Cn.s~TocJiaa KMIBCbKMH Ta Jlea BOJio- I(.IULJifJ i mamapcr,l(j .lJ.MMHpcbKMil. DoTiM PMHrOJihT, oTpHMaBIIJM QIO nepeMory i 3.D.ii1cHMBllUI opiJu HeMano iHIIII1X 3HaMeHMTMX pHQapchKMX cnpaa, 3aJIMIIIMBIIIM CMHa MeH.n.oara, 3il1moa 3 U.boro cairy. PoKy 1240* MeHAOBr, a6o MMH.llOBr, eTas JIM- Me.WofJz, I(!LJ!JI> JI U· TOBChKMM i >KMY.ll.CbKMM KHSI3eM 3a O,ll.HOCTaMHOIO 3f0)l,OIO BciX TaMTeiiiHiX 7TUJ8Cbi(JJ.U naHiB i Ha'llaJihHMKia. BiH aia .n.ocMTb .n.oaro aeJIMKi H3HaMeHMTi aii1HM npo- i :HC.Myik~>I(Jlu TH npycchKMX Ta iHcpJISIH)l,ChKMX xpeCTOHOC~iB, 3Bi)l.yCiJih iM )l,OIIIKYJISIB, a y CiaepchKi'H .n.ep)Kaai 3t(o6ya npeKpacHo yKpinJiem-n1 3aMOK CMoJieHCbK, PoiQJ 1243 ni.n.KopMB nicJI.R aeJIHKMX 6HTB pychKMX KHSI3ia. BiH qacTo Hana.n.as 3 aeJIHKHM npoJIMTTSIM xpHCTHSIHCbKo·i Kposi Ha nOJibCbKOro KopOJISI Bonecnasa Dy.n.HKa Ta pychKoro MOHapxa ,l{aHwJia, / / (c. 11) Ma3oairo, ,l{o6>KHH Ta Ky- POIQJ 1246 .RBM nJIIOH.D.pyaaa BOfHeM i Me'lleM H 'llaCTO 3 BeJIHKOIO 3,li.0611'll"'lll0 noaepTaBCSI .n.o JlHTBH. TioTiM poKy Eo>Koro 1252, nepeKoHaHMH iHcl>JI.RH.U.CbKHMH i1 npyccbKMMH xpeCTOHOCQ.RMM, npHHH.RB XpMCTM.RHCbKY Bipy 3 )J.e.RKMMM JIHTOBCbKHMM Ta npyccbKHMH naHaMH, 6ya oxpe~eHHH i Ha3BaHHM MeH- Muwofk .D.OJib¢oM. BiH .n.aa JIMCTM npyccbKMM xpecTOHOCQ.RM, T06To qeTaepToMy no O)(pel~eHUU i J(flpOHO· xpoHonorii MaricTpoai feHpixy <t>oH 3anbu.y, a KoTpMx BM3Haaaa, mo xpe- 8anui1 CTOHOCIJ.SIMM 6ya .D.y>Ke 3axOnJieHMM i OTpMMaB Bi)l. HMX ,li.OnOMOry y BeJIMKMX cnpaaax. ToM)' .n.ep>KaBM cao€1 3eMJii, a caMe: )KMy.D.b, JeMJii .RTB.Rria, Kypia, B.R3bMO i aero JlMTOBCbKY 3eMJIIO ai "'liHMM Ta Heo.n.MiHHMM .n.apoM ,D;apyE iM i ai.n.nHcyE. A 3a nopa.n.oro 6paTii npycchKHX xpecToHocu.ia HanpaaHB caoix nocnia np11 nocnax MaricTpa feHpixa Ta xpecTOHOCQiB JJ:O nanM IHoKeHTi.R l.JeTBepTOfO, BM3HaiO"'liM, I..QO npMHHSIB XpHCTM.RHCbKY "'liMCTOTy, 1 i npoxaiO"'liM npo KOpOHY Ha JlMTOBCbKe KOpOJiiBCTBO. Y 3B .R3KY 3 QMM nana IHoKeHTiii nocnaa .n.o PHrH, CTOJIH"'liHoro MicTa IH<l>JIRH.D.ii, caoro 6paTa feHpixa, KOJIHCb KOpOHHOrO npoaiHU.iaJia, a 3 HMM KiJibKOX €nHCKOniB, KOTpi noMa3aJIM MeH.n.oara Ha JIHTOBCbKe KoponiacTBO. BiH He.n.oaro ne- Mt1Wo6z IJUh(pJa£ pe6yaaa y xpwcTHSIHCbKiii no6o>KHOCTi 11: ne.n.ae He Toro )K poKy, 3pa3y >K )(pUCmUJIH· no KopoHau.ii, 3i aciMa oxpemeHMMH noaepHyBc.H .n.o nonepe.n.Hhoro, Ma- CI>IQI 6ipy 6yrb, ~e ripmoro i,li.OJIOllOKJlOHCTBa, "'liH TO )KaJIKYIO"'liH 3a BTpaqeHHMH 3eMJI.RMH, .siKi Bi.z:t:nMCaB xpeCTOHOCIJ..siM, "'liM TO CnOsyKaHHH .siKOIOCb iHWOIO npH"'liHHOIO. lloTiM, y 1260 pou.i, JIHTOBCbKHH KH.sl3h MeH.n.oar, a6o MeH.n.onb<f>, mo 3 iHiu.iaTHBH xpecToHocu.is 6ya Ha3aaHHH KopoJieM, 3i6pas TPH THc.s~qi aii:icbKa 3 JIHTBM, npyccia, )KMY.ld Ta .siTB.s~ria, >KopcToKo cnJIIOH.n.pyaaa Ma30BeltbKe KH.sl3iBCTBO 3 ycix 6oKiB, CnaJIHB I1JIOIJ.bKMH 3aMOK i MiCTO. floTiM, HanaBWH Ha flpycciiO, CDaJIMB MicTa, .siKi 36y.n.yaaJIH xpeCTOHOCI.d, i BHpy- Me.W06z 60106 npomu 6aa ycix MicU.eBHX XpHCTH.siH, SIKMX TiJibKH TaM JaCTaB; JaMKaM >Ke Hi1.10f0 9Tpycci£ He BqHHHB, 6o ix xpecToHocu.i MiiJ.HO 6opoHHJIM. O.n.HaK aiH Jaa.n.as 3Ha1.1· HOi WKO)J.M MiCTaM Ta MiCTC1.1KaM BOfHCM i MeqeM Ta 3 BeJIMKOIO 3)J.06MqqiQ noaepHYBCSI HaJa.z:t: .n.o JlHTBH. Toro >K poKy, KOJIH xpecTOHOCld Ji csoiM MariCTJ>OM 3aKJI3,AaJIH Ha ropi CB.SITOfO fpHropi.SI3aMOK, HaJBaHMH KawoBiH, • )tHB. iAeHTH'IHH~ Ma.rtiOHOK

y KH. I

(c.

99 opHriHaJI}').

307

KHllrA II JUfTBa 3 npyCCbKHMM SI3J.f'lHMKaMH Hana.Jia Ha HMX, ~omeHry IX poarpOMM~ Jia, aHa llOJli 6HTBH llOJI.HrJIM iHq>JI.HH~CbKMH MaricTp feHpix fP01t ToJ>mJ3e1t

(de Horschusen) i npycchKMH Mapwa.JI feHpix a 6araThMa iHwMMH aHaMeHMTHMM M}"KaMM. AJIHTBa 3~o6yJia aaMoK KapmoniH i faii36ypr, BMMopMBWH roJio~oM THX, XTO ix o6opoHSIB. IloTiM pywHJIM ni.A aaMoK KeHirc6epr, HKHH XOTiJIM 06JIO:/KMTM, a.JIC, flO'lYBWM npo BCJIHKC BiikhKO xpeCTOHOCf(iB, .HKe

M:mJio iM Ha ni~ci'l, He 'leKaiO'lM C}'TH'lKM, n~crynHJIM reTb. (c. 12)* 9tfaJo8eyr,l(!l IloTiM poey Bi~ Pia~Ba rocno~HbOro 1262, 3i6paBWM BeJIMKe BiMCbKO nopaJI(fl OW 9tfe1Wo8uz aJIMTBM Ta iHwMx npnJierJIMX KpaiH, MeH,AOBr 3 pychKMM KHH3eM IllsapHoM Hananu Ha Ma3oBiiO, .u.e Hanepe~o.u.Hi CBSITa CBSIToro IoaHHa XpecTMTCJISI B6MJIM Heo6epe:/KHoro Ma3oneu,hKOro KH.H3SI CeMOBMTa 3 CMHOM KoHpa.AoM (Kondratem), 3acTanwu ix Ha KopoJiiBChKOMY ,Anopi B .H3.AOBi (Jazdowie), 3a niBMMJii ni~ BapwanM. CaM pychKMM I<H.R3b lllnapHo BJiacHopyq iioro 3apy6an, a MeH,AOnr KMHYB y n'.R3HMU.IO iioro CMHa KoHpa.Aa (Konrata), .RKoro Ma3ypH BMK)'IIMJIH Toro :/K p01<y; TO.Ai, 3anOionanwH BCIO Maaoneu,heyTa Ky.RnchKY 3eMJii, nonaJIMBWM ceJia M: MicTe'lKa, JIMTna 3 npyccaMM 3 neJIMI<OIO 3,[(06H1.J1.JIO JIIO.AhMM ii xy.Ao6oiO nonepH)'JIMCb .AO csoix KpaiH. IloTiM, HacTynHoro poKy, JIMTBa i1 pych, He 3a,[(OBOJibHSII01.JMCb nonepe~HbOIO 3~o6M1.J'll0, 3HOBy BJJ.epJIMCSI.AO Ma3onii, ane qepe3 nonepe.D.HE J'lumOa cna11UJ1a J'lo8i7.

cnycTOWeHHSI Hi1.JOfO TaM He 3HaMWJIM; BOHH BOrHeM Ta Me1.JeM CllJIIOH.ll.pyBaJIM MicTO M 3aMOK JloBi1.J, KOTpe Ha.Jie:/KaJIO fH€3HeHCbKOMY apxiEnMCKOllOBi, ii 6ea :/KO,[(Horo onopy. 3 neJIHKOIO 3JJ.06M1.J'liO Ta TpiyMcpoM, ranacyI01.JH, nonepH)'JIHC.H ,ll.O cnoix I<paiH.

9tfe1Wo6z

BpemTi focno)J.b Eor 3MMJIOCTMBMBCSI Ha.n. 6i)J.HMMH Ma3ypaMM, I I (C. 13) 3fa,AaB npo CBiH xpMCTM.HHCbKMH JIIO)J., cnpHttMHMB BHfTpiiiiHi yco6MI~i

iJ CUHCl.MU Mi:/K pycc10 TaJIMTBOIO: MeH)J.OJib<flis OHYK TpoiiHaT (Stroinat) 3i cnoiM 3.RTeM JpM!lu8o

86umuii. 97Tpoi1Hamo.M

_noBMOHTOM (Dowmantem), npar"Y1.JM na"YBaHH.H y JIMTBi, 3pa,[(OIO B6MB COH-

97Tpoi1Ham

Hes.n.on3i i16paTa TonTMBina (Towciwila), a6o Teocpina, noJIOU.bi<oro I<H.H3.H, npar"Yl.JM Heo6Me)f(eHoi BJia,AM, 3pa,n.oiO n611n. Boi1rneJIK (Wojsalk), CHH MeH-

y6u8 6pama 9JTo8mu6i.Jla

HOfO MeH,Aonra, t.JH MeH,AOJibcpa, 3ra,AaHoro JIMTOBChKOro KopoJISI, H: ,ABOX i1oro CMHin, PyKJISI Ta PeniKarna, i nocin i1oro .n.ep:/Kany. ~e 6yJio y 1263 pou.i.

'13oi1UUJ!I( y6u6 9JTpoi1Hama

.AOJibcpa, MOHax, t.JH nocTpH)f(CHMM qepHCU.b, )f(HB y pychKOM)' MOHaCTHpi, o.u.HaK, BMKOHYIOt.IH 6aTbKiBChKY BOJIIO, niCJISI t10r0 CMCpTi 3a.Jil1lll11B MOHaCTHp i HC3a6apOM UJiaCHopyt.IHO B611B Tpo.HHaTa 3a HCB11HHC ll Heri)J.HC B611BCTBO 6aTbi<a. Ue 6yJio poey Eo)f(oro 1264. IloTiM, Ha3HBaiOttHCb JIHTOBCbKHM KH.HaeM, IloJiblll.y, Ma3oniio, Pycb Ta xpecTOHocu,in qacTo ryp6ynan cnoiMH Hana-

'Boil.well '<P cmpa'zeHo

)J.aMH, .AOKH npernTi 11: caM 1267 poKy ttepe3 HeHaBHCTb i 3a3ApicTh 3 6oey cyci)J.HiX pycbKHX 3CMCJib Ta nponiHQiH, .HKi MOHaX BBa)l<aB HaJIC)f(HIIMH co6i, y BpoBCbJ<Y (Wrowsku), y pychKOMY MOHaCTIIpi en. M11xaiJia, niH 6yn OTOt.JeHHH, cxonJieHni1 i CT.RTHH pycuKHM I<H.H3eM JlenoM, .HK1111 3acHynan Jlbnin. Ha

'YmeH

QhOMY BoiiiiiCJIKY 3aKiH1.JHJiac.R nc.H ~HHacri51 PnHroJihTa. Hen~OB3i nicJISI U.HX Mi)f(yco611Qh JII1TOBChKi KH.HJi nHrMHYJIIi. To.Ai 3a 3ro~mo nchoro ceHary Ha llHTOBCbi<e i1 )KMy.ACbKe I<H.HJiDCTDO 6yno o6paHO YTeHa (Uten), a6o YTeHyca (Ucienus), 3 po~y uaii3HattHimnx JIIITOBChKHX

* .l(HD. i;teHTif'IHHH MaJIKHiOK y 101. I (c. 9 opuri uaJiy) .

308

KHIIr A II naHiB 3 /.i,OMY KuTaupiu .

uerl, nposiullll1 KiJibKa ua)K)JHBHX 6HTfi 3 p ycCJo Ta

xpecTOHOClVIMII, nimon Ha TOM c niT, 3aJII1unmml1 CHHa CuiHTopora. CBiHTopor (Swintoroha) 6y u Ha npecTOJii n~e MeHme, Hi:>K 6 aT~:>KO, aJie 3a '-Iac cnoro n aHynamui /T,o6 p e Harraro.n.MD .n.ep)l<as Hi cnpas11 3 nox saJIOIO scix, nic;m qoro n o npomasc.SI 3i csiTOM. Dicn.H Hboro 6aThKiBChKHM npecTo-

C6imnopoz ~epMOHTn

JIOM OBOJIO)J.iD CHH fepMOHT (Giermont) , a.Jie H QeH Ha HbOMY He )J.OBfO no6ys H niWOB Ha Toi1 CBiT 3a 6aTbKOM, 3aJI HIUH8llll1 ~BOX CHHiB, A.JiiriHa (Aligina) 11 Tpa6yca (Trabusa). ATiiriH noMep 6 e3 Hau~aAKin, a Tpa6yc , 3a.JIHllli1BWHC.SI BeJIHI<HM KH.Sl3eM JIHTOBCbi<HM Ta )l(M)')J.CbK11M , np11BJiaCHI1B C06i

JV!izin f}J[pa6yc

Ha ni.n.cTaui .n.iAHqHoro npana ii .n.e.SIKi pyc~>Ki KpaiHM, 3/1.o6yuas cJiany sii1HOIO Ta MHpoM, 3acHyna s MicTo i1 3aMOK, Ha3uaHMH si.n. csoro iMeHi Tpa611 (Traby), .SIKHH i ,ll,OCi CTOlTb HenopylllHO. BiH MaB 3i CB0€10 .n.py:>KHHOIO n'.SITbOX CHHin: HapHMYHTa (Norymonta), ,ZJ,onMOHTa (Dowmonta), fonhwaHa (Hol szana), re.upyca (Giedrusa) i Tpoi1.n.eHa i, no6al.JI1Blll11 B Hama.n.Kax CBO€ 6e3CMepT.SI, MHpHO nilliOB Ha TOH CBiT. HapHMfHT, CTapumii CHH Tpa6yca, ri.n.Ho noxonanlliM 6aTbKa 3ri~Ho 3i 3BJ1l.Ja€M, OBOJIO)J.iB JIHTOBCbKHM KH.SI3iBCTBOM i nepeHiC CBOIO CTOJIHI.:(IO 3 Hosropo.n.Ka .n.o KepHosa. I I (c. 14) ,l.I;OBMOHT 3aCHynan 3aMOK Yu;.SIHY 3 i1oro nosiTOM i ocin T)'T. re.n.poi1Q,

Cmollu~

:Jfolhopoool(nepenecena oo ?(fpno6a

a6o fe.n.pyc, 3aCH)'Bas Ha.n. .SIKHMCb o3epoM 3aMOK si.n. csoro iMeHi, si.n. .SIKOro Ha)J.aJii H CTaB Ha311BaTJ1CH; 3 QbOfO re.n.poi1QeBoro nOKOJiiHHH p03MHO)l(J1JIOC.Sl )J.)')l(e 6araTO IIIJI.SIXeTHHX CHHiB )' JIHTOBCbKOM)' Ta )l(M)')J.CbKOM)' KHH3iBCTBi, BOHM H )J.OCi BTilllaiOTbC.H. KH.H.3iBCbKHM THT)'JIOM. l x Hi Ma€THOCTi, noqaswMCb 3a l.JOTHPM MHJii si.n. BiJibHa, CTOJJM:qHoro MicTa BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JIHTOBCbKOrO, T.SlfH)'TbCH Ha )J.Ba,AI.:(HTb lllicTb llOJibCbKHX MI1Jih; )J.eHKi 3 fe.n.poi1u;iB .n.y)l(e y6ori, MaiOTb Ma.no 3eMni, CJiy)l(aTb 6iJibWHM naHaM, o.n.HaK HicKiJibKH He DOCT)'DaiOTbCSI CBOIM KHH3iBCbKI1M THT)'JIOM, HaBnaKH, KOJIM XTO-He6y.n.h lx iHaKme Ha3MBa€, BBa)l(aiOTb Qe o6pa3oro. Cnpase)J.JIMso, 60 BOHH nOXO)J.SITb 3 po.n.y JIMTOBCbKHX KH.H.3iB i B)l(HBaiOTb KH.Sl)l(MM rep6, .SlKHM pHMJIHHH n .n.anHHH)' npHHeCJIM 3 ITa;Iii .n.o JIMTBH. AJie, nosepTaroqHcb lJ.O cnpaBH , np11crynaro )1.0 iHlllM:X CHHiB Tpa6yca: fOJihllia 3aCH)'BaB Ha CXO)J.i, Ha,ll, piKaMH BiJiiEro Ta Kopa6JieM, 3a.MOK cnoro KHSI3iBCTBa, Ha3BaHHM Bill. uoro iMeHi fOJiblliaHOIO. CTapo.n.aBHiH piA 1.\HX KH.Sl3iB foJiblllaHCbKHX 3aBepWHB naseJI, BiJieHCbKHii €DHCKOn , nonepe.n.HMK BeJie6Horo B Eo3i BaJiepiaHa; TO)J.i, B)l(e niCJIH MOfO CMepTi, Qe KHSI3iBCTBO nepeMlllJIO )1.0 KOpOJISI. ll'SI-

THH CMH

Tpou.n.eH osoJio.n.in 3eMJieiO SITB.Hrin, I<OTpa i1oMy .n.o6posiJihHO niManacH, 3apa3 TaM lliP.JI.Hllllli.H Ta ,ZJ,oi1HOBCbKe KHH3iBCTBO. BiH 36y.zzynas TaM Ha.n. piKoro Ee6poro BoHcowe (W'lsosze) Ta Pauropo.n. if 3aMKH, ~o icH}'IOTb .n.o n;boro qacy.

(Raigrod), MicTa

Ha.n. THMM t.~OTMpMa 6paTa.MH HapMM)'HT naH}'BaB RK cTapwHi1, 6y.n.yqH HaifroJIOBHiwHM y BeJIM:KOM)' KHSI3iBCTBi JlHTOBCbKOMy. 06'€,1l;HanwH csoi siifcbKa 3 ixHiMM, siH qacTo Hana.n.aB Ha lloJibiizy, Pycb, Maaosiio Ta llpyc-

ciiO, He nonycKaB TaKO)K xpeCTOHOCQ.HM , SIK iHJIHH)J.CbKHM, TaK i npyccbKHM. lloTiM HapHM)'HT po3noqas BH)'TpimHIO 6opoTb6y 3 6paTOM ~OBMoH 9.lblcyco6u1JS1 .Mblc 6pa-

TOM, 3aopaB )' HbOfO .ll.p)')KHH)', 3 KOTpOIO XOTiB O,ll;p)?KHTMCSI, 06JiirmH nepe,ll;

309

maMU

KHMrA II nHM 3aMOK Y~.smy, lJ.e YKPHBCH 3.U.py>KHHOIO .noBMOHT. To.u.i HapHM}'HT a.u.o6ya aaMoK i BilJ.6HB .u.py)KHHy. A ~OBMOHT BTiK .u.o Ilcxoaa, 6ya ncxoBHTHHaMH o6paHHH KH.SI3eM, 3 ix .U.OflOMOfOIO ni.U.KOpHB p}'Cb 6iJl.SI IlOJIO~bKa, 3.U.06yamH flOJIO~bKHH 3aMOK. '.Btllu'(Jlii up6 ifllrru>8ct.l(f)to

IlHID}'Th pycbKi niTonMc~i. mo HapMM}'HT 6ya nepmHM aaTopoM rep-

'(?I.Jl)i8cm8a 6a, a6o KJieiiHo.u.y, BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JIMTOBCbKoro. Ha rep6i ao6pa)KeHo oa6po€Horo aepmHHKa Ha 6iJioMY KOHi, KOTpHii (aepmHHK) TPHMa€ H~ fOJIOBOIO OfOJleHMH Me'll, Hi6H KOfOCb )KeHe; TOM}' I..(eH KJieHHOlJ. Ha3BaHO ?lapll.M!JKm no.Mep !Jl[poitatH -

«IloroHSI)), lloTiM HapHM}'HT,lJ.OCSirHyamH 3piJIHX JiiT, nimoa Ha TOM caiT. IliCJIH Hboro Ha BeJIMKe KHH3iBCTBo JIHTOBChKe Ji )I(My.U.cbKe BCT}'flHB Jioro

8tllul(!lu 6paT Tpo:H.u.eH, HKHM .u.o6pe po3nopSI.U.)KaBCSI y .u.ep)KaBi, 3Mil.{HHB yci Kop.u.oIQI.RJ" HH ai.ll: Hanall.iB pychKMX KHH3iB Ta xpecTOHOc~iB I I (c. 15) i naHyaaa, HaJUlmo8c~:~I(Jlu

BOlJ.Hl.IH BeJIHKHH )KaX Ha iH03eMHHX BOpOriB. !Jl[poiWtH 6o10e !!Tpycci10

IloTiM, poxy oo)Koro

1278,

Tpo:H.u.eH, ai6paamH 6JIH3bKO TpH):(~RTH

THCSitt JIHTOBCbKHX Ta npyccbKHX )KOBHipia, po3.U.iJIHB ix Ha TPH qacTMHH: O):(H}' qacn:m y ai.u.npaBHB .u.o Maaoail, .u.pyry- ):(O XenMiHcbKoi 3eMJii npoTH xpecToHocl.{iB. TaM cnycTOWHB 3Ha'liH}' qacTHH}' Ma€THOcre:H xpecToHocu:ia, cnJIIOH.u,pyaaa 3aMKH Byprenay, Jl106ay Ta XeJIMHO, ae;mxy a.u.o6H'll, B' saHiB Ta MaHHa B3HB i3 co6010 ):(0 JIMTBH. Uboro )I( poxy l.{HM )Ke JIHTOBCbKHM BOIHCTBOM 6yna cnJIIOH.U.poaaHa ii cnycTomeHa KyHBCbKa 3eMJIH no6JIH3}' MicTeqxa Koaane Ji MicTo JleH'liMU:b-

!lJ[poii.OeH

y6umui1.

Ke, JIKe npoTHrOM TPHBa.Jioro qacy He MOrJio ai.zr.HOBHTHCb. IloTiM KHH3h ncKoBCbKHH Ta noJIOI.{hKHH ,ll;oaMOHT qepe3 3a3,u;pomi, mo TOM, 6y.u.y1.m MOJIOlJ.HM, npaaHB BeJIHKHM KHH3iBCTBOM JIHTOBCbKHM, nocnas Ha 6paTa Tpo:H.u.eHa Tpbox 'liOJIOBiKis, .HKi s6MJIH Jioro, KOJIH aiH 6eanet.IHO i1mo8 3 Jla3Hi. IliCJIJII.{bOfO, Ji6paBWH BiHCbKO 3 IlCKOBa Ta IlOJIOI.{bKa, I.U06 080JIO.zr.iTH JlHTOBCbKHM KHH3iBCTBOM, )lOBMOHT 3 .U.06ipHHMH JIIO.U.bMH pymH8

.u.o

npocTo CTOJIHI.{i. TaM i1oro caM oro PHMOHT, CHH Tpoi1.u.eHa, 3 n01J?KHOIO CHJIOIO JIHTOBCbKMX 80.HKiB y6H8, t.IaCTHH}' HOfO BiHCbKa p03rpOMH8, iHUIHX 1

B3HB }' llOJIOH. IJ:HM CaMHM BiH BHKOHaB npupO,ll.HI1H 060B SI30K, Hi6H HaTXHeHHHH Ha l.{e 6aTbKiBCbKHM HaKa30M, KapaiOt.IH 3pa.zcy M}')I(HicTIO. IloTiM, 3i6paaw.H 8 KepHoai 3'ia.u., 8iH .u;o6poaiJihHO apiKCH .u.i.U.H'liHHX KHHJiBCTB i, norop):(y8a8WH caiTcbKHM naHysaHHHM, o6paa qepHet.Ie )KHTTH. Ha npeCToJii )I( BiH nocTa8HB BiTeH.H 3 po.u.y KHTaapia, Hama.u;xa pHMCbKHX KH.H3i8, My)Ka cyaoporo, CHJibHOro xapaxTepy, .u.oc8I.U.t.IeHoro y pHu;apcbKHx cnpaaax. Eo xoq 6yJIH .u;aa i1oro cTpHEt.IHi 6paTH, T06To KHH3i fe.u;poi1u:i Ta foJibmaHCbKi, KOTpHM 611 Mano Ha.Jie)f(aTH Benuxe JlHTOBCbKe KHHJiBCTBO no npHpO.U.HOM}' npaay, aJie TOMy, llJ.O BOHH 6yJIH MOJIO.U.HMH, npaBHTH Ta KepyBaTH .zr.ep)l<anoiO iM l.l.le He ro.zr.HJJOCH. ToMy niH .u;opy'·IHB 'ix KOMYCb iHlllOMy, Ka)Kyt.IH, l.l.lO cJiaBHoi l.l.laCJIHBOi naM'.HTi Jioro ,u;H,zJ;bKO HapHMYHT npH):(yMaB CBOEMY KH.H3iBCTBY 3HaMeHHHH KJieHHO,ll,, T06To aeplllHHKa Ha KOHi 3 ni,nHHTHM Met.IeM, OT)Ke, ll0Tpi6HO, l.l.l06 npaBHTeJib l.{HX .zr.ep)KaB, 8i):(DOBi):(HO .U.O 3MicTy ~horo xnei1Ho):(y, MY)f(HiCTIO, cJiaBoiO i1 eHepriEIO .zr.oao.zr.ua cao10 3BepxHicTb.

310

KHHrA II

B IT E H h, Jll1TOBCbKl1H KH$13b

P oey oo)f(oro, 3 Toro q acy HK cnacMTe.JibHe DO)f(e WODO 3 He6a Ha CBiT 3' HDI1.110Cb, BTUtMJIOCH y JIIO~CbKe TUtO,

1279

BiTeHb Ja cnillhHOIO 3ro.n;mo 6ys npMi1HHTMH Ha 1IMTOBCLKe KHH3iacTno,

(c. 16)* sono.n.is JHa"'HOIO "'aCTMHOIO pycLKnx KpaiH, ,n;y)l(e qacTo BOlO Bas npOTH llOJlHKiB Ta pychKHX KHH3iB. floTiM niH y ] 282 po td, ~HH ,D;Ba)J,IJ.HTb

'BimtHbllumoDcbJ&U r(~Jb

"'eTBepTOrO cepnHH, 3 JIMTBOIO Ta .HTB.HraMM ynii1WOD ,D;O Jli06JiiHCl>KOI Y!um8a JeMJli, nlliOH.ll.pynaB if npOTHrOM n' .HTHa,n;TJ;.RTH )J.Hi B 6e3 6y.n.h-1IKOI Bi)J.ci'lJi

poJ6umtJ nOJIJli(_O..MU

M W.OpaJy 3 BeJmKOIO 3)J.06M'lJ"110 nosepTaDCSI ,D;O JIMTBM. fiOJlbCbKm'1 KOpOJib JleWKO l..JopHIIH 6ys y JI106JiiHi i, BTiUJeHHH aHreJibCbKMM BM,D;iHHHM, BMCTynMB npoTH soporis. HeJBa)f(aiO"'H Ha csii1 MaJIHi1 JariH, siH scix po36Hs .n.ow.eHry, .n;orHaswM ix Mi)l( Hapso10 Ta HiMaHoM; no;uirJio To~i Ha llOJii 6010 6JIHJbKO ,n;eC.HTH THC.R'lJ noraHMX. IlOJI.HKH Bi,n;i6pan:M y HHX 6araTo nonoHeHMx, qMMa.JIO noraHHX JaxonMJIM s nonoH i1 npuseJIH 3 co6oiO .n;o IloJibUJ.i. Ha 3HaK u.iEI nepeMorH KOpOJib 36y.n.ysas y Jl106niHi, Ha fpo,n;CbKii1 syJIMUi, SIK iTH 3 pHHKY 11.0 3aMxy, KOCTbOJI Ha qecTb CB.HToro apxaHrena MHxalna. PoK}' Eo)f(oro 1286. TIEJiac, o~HH 3 JIHTOBCbKHX naHiB, 6~aiO'-m noMCTHTHCb JIHTBi 3a cso10 KpMs.n;y, .HK}' HOM}' To.n.i s 'lJOM}'Cb 3as.n;an:H, TaEMHO sTiK .n.o A.nb6pexTa <j:>oH Mei:fceHa, KOMrypa B KeHirc6ep3i, npoc.Hs ,n;aT.H ll.BaAWITb p.HuapcbKMX M}')KiB, o36poEH.HX seplliHMKiB, MbK SIKMMH I

(c.

17) 6yn11 Hai1-

ronosHiwi xpecToHocui Mapn;iH <j:>oH foJIHH Ta KoHpaA TsiJib. To.n.i 3 H.HMH, HanaswH BHO""lli Ha Micn;e, ,n;e JI.HTOBCbKi KH.H3i Ha BeCiJllli 6e3nel.IHO 6eHKe-

91£Aac no6u8

Aum8y ~ta

8eci.Mi

ryBaJIH, B6.HB IX COHHMX, TiJibKH HaHrOJIOBHiWHX ciM,UeCSIT, 6araTO iHW.HX qonosiKiB Ta )KiHOK. Mono.n.oro 3 MOJIO.li.OIO 3 .n.apaMH: nepnaM.H, KJiei1Ho,n;aMH, 30JIOTOM i cpi6JioM, TaKO)f( naHiB Ta naHH 3a6pas .n;o KeHirc6epra. Poey 1287. Jl.HTBa, npyccH :i1 )f(M}'ll.ChKe K03an;TBO THXO, Hil.loro He oro- .9lum6a no8o106a.Jza

JIOIIIYI<>"'U'I, s.n.epnwca B ,l(o6)f(.HHCLKY 3eMJIIO. B He.n.iniO, KOJI.H JIIO~M 6yn:u B 'Do631CUHCbi(JJ KOCTbOJii Ha 6orOCJI'Y)KiHHi, BOHH 3axOil:HJI.H rOJIOBHe MicTO ,l(06)KHH, nepe- JV.UIO 6HJI:H TaM C:HBHX CTapn;iB i HeMOBJIHT, a BCiX iHW:HX, crryCTOWHBWH cycmHi ce.Jia :i% MicTel.IKa, 3a6panH B TH)l(KY HeBOJIIO. PoKY Bo)Koro

1289. BocLMHTHCSil.IHe JIHTOBCbKe sii1cLKO, s.n;epmHcb y

llpycCbK}' 3eMJIIO, CnJIIOH,D;p}'BaJIO ii BOrHeM i Mel.leM, "'HMaJIY 3,D;06Hl.l BHHeCJIO .n.o JlHTBH. XpecTOHocn:i, He HaBIDKYIO"'HCb scrynHTH B 6ii1 npoTH HHX, TinhKH 50 3 HHX 3i 3)J.06H'll.IIO 3axOnHJIH ni.n; qac IXHhOrO smxo.n.y. PoKY

1291. TipycchKi xpecToHocn;i, HanasmH Ha JIHTosuis, BOIOBaJIH

ixHi I<pai. BoHH nepe611JIH 6araTo JIIO.n;eii i BMBeJIH 3 co6o10 .no llpyccii ciMCOT B'H3HiB. lloTi M KOMT}'P 3 KeHirc6epra onaHYBaB JIHTOBCbKHM MicTOM

i 3aMKOM Me)J.)I(Hpil.l. 3aosy npyccLKHH MaricTp MeMep 3 siM:chKOM s.n;apus r.nn6me y JIHTOBCbKf 3eMJIIO, CllaJIHB )l;Ba 3aMKH, IlamTaHOB Ta fepUIOB, i 3 BeJIHKOIO 3,ll06H111110 llOBepHfBCSI Ha3a.n;.

• )lHB. i.r:teHTH'IHHA MaJIJOHOK y KH. I (c. 42 opnrinany).

311

.9lum6a.. 6010e

npycci8

KHHrA II Hen,noB3i JIHTOBChi<HM KHS13h BiTeHb ni,ncrynHo Hanas Ha KystnChK)' 3eMJIIO, cnJIIOH,npynaa 6araTo ci.n Ta noJIOCTeii no6;m3y BepecT.R-KystacbKoro i 3

Xpumo"oq~i

8o1010m1> .num6y, a11um8a n/IIOH(}p!ft

!!Tpycci10

1\jlJW.tup, 1(1UlJb Jltft'lUijbi(UU,

66umuu 11um8o10

!JTpyccaJQl

801010rnb 11um6y

Y'lum6a 6010£ 9Tpyccil0 Y'lumea 6010£ !!Tpycciw '.BimeHb

y6umui1 !TeiJu.Mi11o1>t

,nestKOIO 3,no6w:puo, a'SI3HSIMH Ta noJIOHeHHMH, noaepH)'BCSI ,no caolx. Xoqa K)'stnchKI1H KHSI3h BJia,nMCJianJloKOTOK i JieHt.IMQhKHi1 KHSI3h Ka3HMHp 3i caoiMH niHCbKaMH, a 3 HMMH M npycchKMM MaricTp BtJaCHO BMpynii1JI11 n norOHIO 3a HHMH, O,nHaK, HitJOfO 3HatJHOf0 He Bt.IHHHnlllM, nonepH)'JIHC.SI Ha3Cl,n. PoKy oo)l(oro 1292. KoHpa,n lliTaHre, ?WMmypPaz'H£mu, 6JIH3hKO cnstTa en. JIKona cnJIIOH,ll.pynas JIMTOBChKHM 3aMoK MiH,nor, n611s 6araTo JIIO)I.eif, a iHwMx 3a6pan 3 co6o10 .n.o yn 'SIJHeHHSI. BiTeHh :iKe n Qei1 t.~ac 3 seJIMKI1M JIMTOBChKMM BiMCbKOM 3a )l.OllOMOfOIO pyChKHX KHSI3iB npOTSifOM BiCiM,neCSITH ,ll.Hin nOIOBaB npycCbKi Kpal. TioTiM , poKy 1294, BiTeHb, MaiOtJI1 i3 co6o10 THCstqy niciMCOT JII1TOBChKMX :iKOBHi pin, o,npa3y nicJI.H Ca.HTOK TMXO qepe3 JiiCH yaii1lllOBII1H .n.o JleHl.IHQhKOI 3eMJii, cnoqaTKY Hanas Ha <J>apHHH KOCTbOJI y JleHtJMLd, a BciX JIIO,lJ.eH, ~0 TaM 3i6paJII1CSI, ,ll.O~eHry nepe611n; KHSI3.SI, KaHOHiKin Ta iHIUHX .n.yxonHHX Ta cniTChKMX HatJaJihHMKiB I I (c. 18) aa6pan y Henomo; QepKoBHi ana paTH, KeJil1XM, p11311 TO~O 3a6paB 3 p113HMQi; a TMX, KOTpi llOBTiKaJIH Ha KOCTbOJI, 3a,ll.YII1MB BOrHeM 6y,nHHKiB, ~0 llaJiaJIM 6iJISI KOCTbOJIY. iloTiM ~SI noraHCbKa qepHb, nonpHMYBaniUH ,ll.O HaBKOJIHlllHiX ciJI i MiCTel.IOK, BeJIHK)' piJHOMaHiTHY 3}J.06MtJ 3a6paJia 3 co6o10; KOJII1 )I( llOBepTaJIMCSI Ha3a,lJ. 11.0 JIMTnM, To neH'lJHQhKHM KH.H3h Ka3MMMP 3i caoiM p11uapcTnoM, He3pinHHHHO MeHlliMM, Hi:iK JIMTonchKe, ,norHan ix Heno}J.aJiiK Coxaqyaa, 6iJIH ceJia Tpo.HHona, i .n.an 6ii1, HeJBa)l(aiOtJH Ha HepinHi CHJIM. My:iKHhO 3iTKH)'BWI1Ch 3 BOporaMH, 3aXMI.~aiO'lJM 6aTbKiBChKi Kpar HK npaBe,lJ.HMH nO:iK)I.b i naTpiOT, niH He xoTin )l.aTMC.H :iKMBQeM n pyKM aopory iiaa.n.Jist 6iJihWOi cJiaBH noJiir Ha noJii 6MTnM, n6MTMi1 caMMM BiTeHeM. TiicJI.H UhOro 6o10 KO:iKHOM}' JIMTnHHOBi nicJIH piBHOnpanHOfO no.n.iJiy 3)1.06MtJi ,nicTaJIOC.H no 20 llOJihCbKHX xp11CTM.HH. PoKY 1294. TipycchKMH MaricTp MeHirap.n cnJIIOH,npynan ,nna JIMTOBChKi noniTM 6iJI.H nawTona i1 fepllioaa. Y Qei1 )Ke qac 'KOMmyp Paznernu aaxon11a CMJIOJO, cnmoH,npyaan Ta cnan11n JIHTOBChKHM aaMoK KiMeJib. PoKy 1298. JIHTBa cnJIJOH,npynaJia MicTeqKo CTpa)K6opr B KyJibMeHChKiii 3eMJii. KoJIH BOHH nOBepTaJIMC.H JJ.O CBO€I 3eMJii, TO xpeCTOHOC~i, Ha3)1.0fHaBII111, Bi)J.6MJII1 y HMX tJaCTMHY 3)1.06Hqi. PoKy 1299. IlliCTCOT JIHTOBCbKMX K03aKiB, HanaBIU11 Ha npycciiO, Bt.IMHHJIM BOrHeM i MeqeM BeJIMKY lliKO.UY, CllJIIOH,ll.pynaJII1 HaTaHtJI1HCbKI1M noniT, nepe6MJIH 6araTo HiMuia, aa6paJI11 3 co6o10 .uo JhtTBI1 TpHcTa B' H3HiB. Qeu BiTeHh Many ce6e MapwaJIKa, a6o KOHJoworo, Ha iM'.H fe.n.MMiH, My)Ka BHCOKoi' JJ.YMKI1 i1 )Ka.n.i6Horo .n.o n;xa.uM. BiH, 3 BeJIMKMX aM6iuii1 nparHYtJH naHynaHH.H, .n.ot.~eKaBmHCb 3pyt.~Horo qacy Ta oKaaii, n6MB 6e3netJHOro BiTeH.H, CBOfO naHa, TyT )Ke OBOJIO)I.iB KH.H3iBCTBOM Ta .Apy)KHHOIO He6i)K'lJI1Ka, HKa nenHoiO MipoiO 6yJia npHtJHHOJO uoro cMepTi. TaK l~eu BiTeHh 3aKiHtJHB )KHTTSI. PychKI1i1 JiiTonMce~h cai.uqMTh, ~o fe)I.HMiH 6ys BJiaCHMM BiTeHeBHM CHHOM i nocin .n.ep)Kany no npHpOJJ.HOMY cna.n.KonoMy npany. Alle . . . . . . OCKIJibKI1 ,ll.OCBI)I.l.IeHillll xpOHICTJ.1 3 U11M He norO.U:iK)'lOTbC$1, TO 1 .H 3 H11Mif TPl1MaiOC.SI QLoro )1<.

312

I(Hllr A II BeJIHKHi1 KH.H3h JIHTOBChi<MI':t:

fEt(MMIH

P oKy Bi.A Hapo,A>KeHH.H XpHcTonoro 1300. fe,AMMiH .zzy>Ke MaikTepHO M 6e3 .>KO,ll;HOrO 3BOJiiKaHH.H JaXOII.HB ,Aep.>Kasy niCJI.H B6HTOrO BiTeH.H, lllHpOKO po3CYHYB fi KOp,D;OHH, HaCaMnepe,A OBOJIO,AiBlllH pycbK.HMH KpaJIMH, qacTKono- M)')I<HicTIO ii ni:HHaMH, qacTKono - piJHoMaHiTHHMH MHpHHMH yro,D;aMH. T.HM qacoM fe.AHMiH, CB0€10 ,Aep.>Kasmo (c.

19)

eHepriMHO Ta cysopo KepYJO'lH, C.HJibHO yKpirrHB CBOi KOp,AOHH ni,n;

pyci Ta noJI.HKiB. llpyccbKi Ta iHcpli.HHAChKi xpecTOHOCI..\i, ai6paBliiH 3 HiMeq'IHHH Ha,AiMHi IIOJIKH piJHOMaHiTHOrO BiHCbKa, BAepJIHC.H 3i 36p0€10 B pyKax HK

soporH B )KM}',D;CbK}' 3eMJIIO :H cKpi3h ii IIJIIOHApysaJIH. BoHH o6JIO.>KHJIH

3a.MOK KosHo ii, ani.Aycillb IIOTf.>KHO cTpiJI.HIO'IH no HbOMY 3 BeJIH'le3HHX rapMaT, 3,D;06yJIH 3aMOK panTOBHMH lllTfpMaMH. TaM BOHH CXOIIHJIH IIOJibHOrO reTbMaHa Be1111Koro KH.HaincTna JIHTOBCbKoro f a lllTOJib,Aa H OBOJIO,D;iJIH Bci€10 )KM)',ACbKOIO 3eMJieiO. PiK IIOTOM}' fe,l(HMiH, 6a.>KaiO'lH IIOMCTHTHCR Ja BqHHeHY HOM}' xpeCTOHOCI..\.HMH KpHB.lJ.Y, 3i6paB BiHCbKO 3 JIHTB.H Ta pyci, MaiO'lH TaKO.>K ,ll;OllOMOry ,Ae.HKHX np.HKOp,n;OHHHX KH.H3iB. Y U:bOM}' HOM}' .zr.onoMorJIH H KillhKa TaTapcbKHX op,A. BiH BHCTfiiMB y a6poiiHHH noxi,D; npoTH npyccbKHX Ta iHcpJI.HH.AcbKHX xpecToHocn:is. KoJIH BiHCbKa aiiiliiJIMCR, TO aas 'RJaJIH Mi>K co6o10 H~ piKoiO OlllbM.HHOIO nOTY)KH}' 6HTny. lloqanlllH Bi.A paHKY a)K .zr.o noJiy,n;H.H, Mapc B o6ox siikbKax xo.zr.Hs aa nJiyroM, He ,n;aiO'IH HiKoMy nepenarH. Bpemri B caMHM poanaJI 6HTBH )KM}'.lJ.CbKi noJIKH, nepei%wonmH Bi.A xpecToHocqin ,ll;O JIHTBH, 3Mil.\HHJIH CHJUf fe,n;HMiHa, KOTpMH, poarpOMHBWH nO'IJ'IKHi poTM HiMel.\bKoro Penxy; aMycMn ix ,n;o nTeqi.

(c. 20) EaraTo ua

TOH tJaC aJieMaHiB, T06TO XpeCTOHOCI.J;iB, IUO CTO.HJIH Ha CMepTb, 3 ix KOMrypaMH noJIRr.no Ha noni 6010, iHmi, cxon.neHi npH BTetJi, .zr.icTa.nHcb

313

KHRrA II ~t~oza fe,nHMiHOBi y 3)1.06H'I. fe)].HMiH, He 3YDMHSIIO'II1Cb Ha I.dH ycnilliHiH nepe· !Tt~iHa

M03i, Hanas Ha npycciio i, CWIIOH,D;pysaBWH .nsa 3aMKH, ParHery H Ti.nb3HT, cnyCTOlliHB BOrHeM i Me'tleM HaBKOJIHWHi CeJia Ta MiCTe"!Ka i 3 BeJIHKOIO 3)1.a. 6H'li"'IO nosepHyscJI .no JlHTBM nepeMO>KQeM. BiH, nepe6HBI1IH xpecTo· HOCQiB, JIKi 3aJIHlliHJIHCb no 3aMKax, 3BiJibHHB yciO )I{MY.l(b. llicJIH Ta.Koi 3HaMeHHTOi nepeMorH poKY si.n Pi3.nsa focno,l\Hboro 1304 siH BHCT}'DMB 3 siticbKOM npoTH .neHKHX cynpoTHBHHX MOMY pycbKHX KHR3is; TaM )l(e nepeMir BOJIHHCbKOrO KHJI3JI BOJIO.D;HMHpa 3 BiMCbKOM i CaMOrO KHR3H, KOTpHH MJ:>KHbO BOIOBaB, y6HB, a MiCTO M 3aMOK BOJIO)J;HMHpCbKHM B3RB.

!TWuMiH

zpo.Mu8 pycbl@l(

I(!UIJi8

'TWuMiH 8p$ xur6ma iHwi

npul(opilmmi JaM I@

O.npa3y siH 3 QHM >Ke siM:cbKOM BHCT}'DHB npOTH JIYQhKOro KHH3H Jlbsa, HKOro 3MJCHB YTiKaTH a>K ni.n KI-IiB, ni,nKopus csolii BJia,ni JlyQbK i aero BoJIHHChKY 3eMJIIO. OcKiJihKH Hacryna.na 3HMa, TO, nosepHyswucb 3i csoiM si:HcbKOM .no EepecTH-JlHTOBChKoro, si.n;no"'HBaB TaM npoTHroM 3HMH. HasecHi )1(, 3i6paBWM 6iJibllle BiMCbKO, BiH BHCT}'IIMB npOTH KHIBCbKOrO KHSI3JI CTaHiCJiasa, osoJio.n;is OspyQbKHM Ta )l{HTOMHpCbKHM 3aMKaMH, a caM oro CTaHicJiasa KHiBCbKoro Ta iHwux pycbKHX KHR3is po3rpOMMB y 6HTBi, oco6JIHBO >K Jlbsa, KHH3H JIY~bKoro, Ta OJiera, KHH3H nepeHcJiascbKoro, KOTpi 3 siikhKOM nepeTHYJIH iioMy .nopory. Ix BiH noKJiaB TpynoM Ha noJii 6HTBM, a CTaHicJiasa KHiBCbKoro Ta PoMaHa 6pHHCbKOro 3MYCMB .no BTe"'i, i BOHH Jie.nse B EpHHChKY si.n cTpaxy si.n;ii1WJIH. A fe.n;HMiH, oTpHMaswu Ha)]. HHMH ~10 CJiaBHY nepeMory, OBOJIO)].iB EiJiropo,noM, ni3Hiwe- MicTOM i 3aMKOM Kuis, ~o 6ys To,ni CTOJIHQero sciei Pyci, noTiM- qepKacaMM, KaHesoM Ta llyTHBJieM, ~o 3a wiCT,l\eOIT MHJib si,l\ Kuesa. TaK cal\-10, 3aB)].RKH np11· XHJibHOCTi Mapca, BiH OBOJIO)].iB "'aCTKOBO CHJIOIO, "'aCTKOBO qepe3 ,l].06posiJibHY KaniTyJIHQiiO CJiinospOTOM, EpHHCbKOM, n epeHCJiaBOM. TaK JierKo BiH eTas HaiiBH~HM KHH3eM Maii:>Ke sciei PychKOi, CisepchKoi Ta BoJIHHCbKOi 3eMeJib i npHHic .no JlHTBH seJIMKY 3)1.0611"1 3 HeBHMOBHHM

TpiyM<}JOM. Toro :>K poKy fe.l\HMiH, i.ny'IH .D;JIJI BTilllHOi 3a6as11 Ha JIOBH, Ja n'RTb MHJih si.n KepHosa, 3a piKoro BiJiie10, no6a"'MB Mic~e, 3aXH~He npHpO.l\010, KOpHCHe TaKO:>K )].JIR CBOIX BiifCbKOBHX ll0Tpe6, 3aCHyBaB TaM, Ha)]. 03epOM, 3aMOK i 36y.n.ysas MicTo, .siKe HaJsas TpoKM, T)'.li.M :>K noTiM nepeHic 3 KepHOBa CTOJIMQIO BeJIMKoro KHR3iscTsa JlMTOBCbKoro. lloTiM poKY si.n Hapo.n:>KeHHH Eo:>Koro 1305 fe.n.HMiH BMixas Ha noJIIOsaHHH Ha "'OTH pH MMJii Ha cxi,l\ si.n. TpoK, I I (c. 21) .n.e piKa BiJihHa sna,u.ae Yluca zopa y BiJiiro, 3Haiiwos seJIHKe 6araTCTBO sciJJRKHX 3Bipis. TaM :>Ke Ha ropi, RKY HeW 'BiJIIJfiO Ha TOM qac HaJHBaJIH KpHBOIO, a 3apa3 ii iMeHyiOTb Typosoro a6o JlMcoro ropo10, BiH B6MB BJiaCHopyq O,lJ,HOfO T)'pa, ~0 Bpa)f(aB CB0€10 BeJIHqHHOIO. lloTiM, BTOMHBWHCb Bi,lJ, llOJJIOBaHHSI, THM 6iJihllle I.l.\0 3aX0)1.HJIO COHQe, Be"'opiJIO, BiH 3aHO"'yBaB Ha QiM ropi. TaM BiH no6a"'HB COH: B O,lJ,HOMY Ja.MiHa npo JiiJHOMY BOBKOBi, I.l.\0 rapqan, 6yJIO CTO BOBKiB, RKi BHJIM. llpOKMHYBWHCb,

Con 'Tew-

JCUliJitOZO

6ofh<p. Yle;iJei11(9, J l(pmpozo notoiJJITnl1 PaiJJu6i.Mu

BiH nepenoBiB QeM COH CBOIM ,l\BOpRHaM Ta )f(epQRM; aJie piJHi JIIO,lJ,H nopiJHOMY H BHTJiyMa"'yBaJIH COH. Jle3,a.eMKO )1( , MOrO noraHCbKHM )f(peQb, npo KOTporo JIHTOBChKi xpoHicTH TBep,nRTb, ~0 HOrO 6yJio 3Haii,a.eHO B Jiici, B opJIHHOMY rHi3,a.i, 3HancR Ha si~nynaHHHX i nopo)f(6ax Maii6yrHix cnpas,

314

I{ 1-111 r

A II

TaEMHnrt ceHc u,horo cHy mrKJJaB TaKHM t.1J1HOM : 3aJJi3HHi1 nonK, UlO rapt.tHTh, 03Hat.~a€ MiU.He, neJJJIKe ii npeKpaCHe Micro, a BOBKH, II~O RJ1JOTb }' HbOM)', 3Ha-

MeH)'JOTb l.IJ1CeJibHiCTh MeiUKaHU,iB MiCTa. TOM}' niH pa,ll.HB CBO€M}' KHSI3JO re)1.1-iMiHOBi, ~o6 TaM 6yno JacHonaHe MicTo BiJibHO i:f 3aMOK. )l(peu,b Jle3.n.eiiKO, SIKH~l }')Ke 3Ha ttHO 36araTHBCSI 3aD)).SIKI1 CBOIM OC06JJHBI1M i 3HaMeHHT11M t.tecHoTaM, 6ys npo3BaHHi1 Pa.D.3HBiJIJIOM 3a cno10 nopa.n.y 3acHynaHH.H

3 u.uoro po.n.y i .n.o u.uoro t.tacy 3aB)K)J.H BHXO.D.HTb noi1oBH11tti Ta MOryTHi 3Hal.IHi KHR3i, ~0 i D 6HTBi, i D MMpi npHHOC.HTb 3Hal.IH}' KOpHCTb Xp11-

Bi.nbHa.

CTHSIHCbKii1 Pet.~i nocnOJll·1TiM UJBI1)1.Kl1M p03}'MOM j;f CHJibHMM .n.yxoM. To.n.i fe)J.HMiH 3a nOpa.D.OIO JleJ)J.e~JKa 36y.n.ynan Ha TOM}' MiCUi )J.Da JaMKH: O)J.MHHa .li.}')Ke DHCOKiH ropi, a .n.pyrm1- BHI13}', Ha piBHHHi, TaKO)K i HaJie)f(Hi 060poHHi cnopy.n.11 . TaM )Ke Ha.n. piKoJO BiJibHOJO n i H 3acHyaas TaKO)K 6araToJIJO,n:He

tf npeKpacHe MyposaHe MicTo, B pa.niyci .n:ocHTb .n:osre 11 wMpoKe.

HMHi BOHO i3 nepe,n:MiCTHMM THrHeTbCR Ha KiJibKa MHJib. BiH Ha3sas 11oro

'BiA.bH.O JacHolJa~n 8W pi~Ql 'Bi.Jz&nu

BiJibHOM si.n. piKH, .HKa t.tepe3 MicTo Tet.te ni.n: JaMoK, nepeHic .no Hhoro 3 TpoK cToJIMI..{JO xoponincTsa i, po3wHpJOJOt.tM xop.n:oHH, macJIHBO naHysas Ha,n; JJHTOBCbKHMH naHaMH. Pol<}' si.n. Hapo.l{)KeHHR focrro.n.a XpHcTa

1306. llaHH JIHTOBI..{i, not.tyBWH,

.91um6a

n.II10Hi}p!J6

IJ..(O B llOJibll.(i 3a KOpOJI.H JIOKOTKa, .HKHM TO)).i IJ..(e IIHCaBC.H KH.H3eM KpaKiB-

'Bt..llUJ(p·

CbKHM, CaH,l{OMHpCbKHM, CEpa)1.3bKHM, JieHt.tHUbKHM Ta K}'.HBCbKHM iT. ))..,

noA&~y

B'-IHHHJiaCb He3rO,n:a Mi)K naHaMH 3a KOpOJiiBCTBO , B,n:epJIHCR t.~epe3 JiiCM

cKpHTi MiCI..{.H .no Kop.n.oH}' BeJIMKOIIOJJbiid, )f(OpcToKo MicTa KaJiiw Ta CTaBiUIHH pa30M 3 HaBKOJIMUIHiMM CeJiaMH B3,l.I;0B)K i BIIOrrepeK CIIJIJOH,l.l;p)'BaJIH; rrepe6HBIIIH CTapQiB Ta HeBHHHHX rp}',l.I;HMX HeMOBJI.HT, rrpHBeJIH ,l.I;O JIHTBH BeJJHt.te3H}' KiJibKicTb IIOJJOHeHMX '-IOJIOBiKiB Ta )KiHOK. Qhoro

)I(

poKy npyccbKMH MaricTp feHpix <!JoH TinayeH, caKcoHeQb,

OBOJIO,l.l;iB 3aMKOM rapTHH I

(c.

22) y )l(M}'.n;i, .HKHH TPHMaJia JJMTBa; ni.n; qac

-ryMaHy niH Hecrro.n;isaHo Hanas Ha 3aMOK i nepe6MB BCIO JIHTBy. Hes.n;os3i nic;u1 Qboro t.tMMaJIO iHo3eMHoro sitlcbKa, npHI1monmH 3 HiMet.tt.tHHH

9i'I..Miji-

npyccu 601010Trn>

f'l.um8y

.n;o

llpyccii, s.n;epJJHCSI B JIHTOBCbKi xpal, cnJIIOH,n;p}'BaJIH KapUIOBCbKHH nosiT

:ti nosepH}'JIOCSI .n;o llpyccii 3 HeMaJIOIO 3.n;o6Ht.tt.tl0 i TpiyM<!JoM. Pol<}' .Eo)Koro

1307. JIHTOBCbKi K03aKH s .n;eHh ca.

faJIJ110ca Hecno.n.isa-

HO s.n.epJIHCJI B 3eMJIIO Ka.nicbK}'Ta Cepa,n;3hK)', JaxonHJIH TaM 3.n;06Ht.t, 3anaJIHJIH HaBKOJJHWHi ceJia ii MicTet.tKa i mBH.D.KO nosepH}'JIHCSI Ha3a,A. Pol<}' Bo)Koro

1308. OJibrep.n., CHH fe.n;HMiHa, B,llepcSI 3 JIHTOBCbKHM pH-

uapcTBOM )1.0 llpyccii, cnycTOIIIHB BOrHeM i MetieM 6araTO HaBKOJIHIIIHix MiCT i ciJI, B3JIB "'HMaJI}' 3)1.06Ht.t i IIOBepH}'BCSI }1.0 JIHTBH. lJaCTO JIHTBa.H npyccaKH B3a€MHO "'HHHJJH C06i TaK CaMo;

I.d Ha THX, a Ti Ha QHX BOpO)KHM

CIIOC060M nepeXO.l{I1JJH KOp}J.OHH, "'HHHJIH B3a€MHi WKO)).H, Bi)1..n.aiOt.tH OKO 3aOKO. Poxy Bo)Koro

1311.

lli.n. qac nocTy u.eii )Ke Onbrep.rt 3 yciM csoiM

BiHCbKOM B,nepcg B llpycci10, BOrHeM i Me"'eM 3aB)).aB He3MipHOI WKO.l{H, cnycTOWHB 3Ha"'H}' t.taCTHH}' 3eMJii, MaihKe cnonenHBWH ii. BiH npHBiB .rto JIHTBH n'JITCOT B 'JI3HiB i npHHic IX y JI311"1HHQbK}' )KepTB}' CBOIM 6oraM. llparH)"''H DOMCTHTHCJI 3a nopa3K}'

H 3aB)1.aH}' WKO.lzy, xpecTOHOCQi }' Bi}J.UOBi}l.b

315

J'lum64

npycci6,

a "P!J"IUCP

:KM~

6crcnom.

KHMrA II Hana.TIH Ha )l(My~b, CWIIOH.ZJ.pyBa.TIH ii 3eMJno; JIHTBa y QeH )f(e qac, B.lJ.HpalO'tJHCb qepe3 ix (npyccbKi) Kop.nOJ-IH, 3aB)f()].M noaepTanacSI .n.o cnoix Kpaiu 3i 3)1.061-P:I'tJIO. JK.Myi>l. 8moe !1Tpycci10

PoKY EmKoro

1315. )J(MyP.CbKa lliJHIXTa, 3i6paBlliH KWbKa THCSI'tJ aiiicb-

Ka, o6JIO)f(HJia YKPiWieHHH 3aMoK ParHery B Ilpyccil. KoJIH )f( :Moro npoTSI-

roM )J.OCMTb TpHBa.TIOrO qacy He MOfJIH 3)J.06}'TH, TO nHTOflTaJIM 36i:>IOI<SI Ha llOJii, 3HiBe'tJHJIH nee, lll;O TLnbKM MO)f(Ha B OKOJIIU.d, nosepnyJIMCSI )].O)].OMf. Ane Onbrep.n., ~OBO.ZVI'tJH lx 3aTSITicTb .no (6a)f(aHoro) pe3yJihTary, OTO'iHB 3i caoiM aiiicbKOM 3aMoK TpucMeMeJib, eTas TaM Ta6opoM i 3.z:to6yn 3aMOK 3a ciMHa)].QSITb .n.HiB. KonH )f( npycchKHM MaricTp feu pix nocJiaB .z:tJIH nopHT}'HK}' o6JIO)f(eHMx .naicTi peiiTapia, TO OJibrep.n, .ni3HanlliHCb npo HHX, BHcTynun IM ua3ycTpiq i acix ~o o.nHoro noKJiaB TpynoM Ha noni 6010. PoKY oO)f(Oro 1320. llpyccbKMH MaplllaJIOK feHpix 3 .no6pe 036poEHMM 8ol()l()mf> !lum6y si:McLKOM xpecTOHOcl..(iB n.n;epcR ll.O JlMTBH, nee nonJIJOHll.pyaan 6iJISI BopHRH. Jhnsa i1: )f(MY)].b, 30BciM npo Qe He ryp6yJ0'111Ch, ni.n;py6an11 ll.epena n

!lTpyccaKJI.

rycTMX JilCax, B TMX MlCQHX, SIKMMM npyccaKH Ma.TIM nonepTaTMCSI, Ta CKpl3b 3aBa.TIMJIM lliJIHXH. Konu )f( MaplllaJIOK 3 aiiichKOM noaepTancR ua3a)]. i, He 3HaJO'iM npo naCTKY, B'lxaa 11.0 nicy, JIMTBa, I I (c. 23) OTO'iHBlliM iioro 3 ycix 6oKiB, HafOJIOBY po3rpOMMJia 3 yciM BiMCbKOM, 3a6pana 3)].06M'i, 3BiJibHMJia B 'SI3HiB i npMHeCJia CBOIM TpiyMcp. 'Do6xuu

IJ;horo )I( poKy JIMTOBChKi BOIHM, uecno.uisaHo uanaBlliH, cnJIIOH.n;pyna11um8o10 JIH ,lJ.06)f(MHCbK}' 3eMJIIO i, CllaJIHBIIIM MiCTO ,lJ.06)f(MH, 3i 3)J.06M'itiiO llOBep"YJIMCb )J.O CBOIX. PoKy Eo)Koro 1322. BoHM )!(, HanaBlliM Ha ,li.epnTCLKe enMcKoncTBO B

cnycmouuuuu

IHq)JISIH)J.ii, BOrHeM Ta Me'ieM 3allO)J.iSIJIM HeMaJIO IIIKOll,M i n 'RTb TMCSI'i B'SI3Hin 3 C060IO 3Bi)J.TI1 nMBeJIH. flum8a

B311MKY Toro )K poKy JI.MTBHH ,li.aBHll., cTapocTa 3 fapTMHa, HicKiJibKH 6 Iuif;;umiJii He 3Ba)KaiO'iM Ha Mopo3, cnJIIOHll.pyaan lucpnHn.n.iJO a)l( no caMMH PeaeJib, KOCTbOJIH, norpa6ysaBIII11, Clla.TIMB, KOCTbOJibHi anapaTH 3a6paB, llliCTb TH~JfLuuye

CSI'1 llOJIOHeHHX 3 HeHMOBipHO BeJIHKOIO 3ll.0611'i'il0 3a6paB i3 C060IO )].0 J1MTBI1 . .?lum6a

AJI.MTBa 3i )f(MYMJO QiEI )f( 311MH, 3.ZJ.o6ynmM MicTo MeMeJih i TPH cyci.z:tHi npyccb1(j 3aMKM, nosepHyJIMCR .n.o BiJioBCbKoro no airy B llpyccil, .n;e 3 HeMa.TIOIO mKoJaMI(U .n.oJO 3an.nan11 nopa3I<M npycchi<HM xpecTOHOCQSIM I<OMrypa cpon Kanioa, SIKi 9"utpi{ if;ou 3 niMeU.bKHM niikhKOM MIIIJIM npoTM HMX, caMoro KOMT}'pa s6MJIH. A.ll.am-r.n. 7\_QIIio6 601oe

.3a6umuu

3 fapTMHa TMM qacoM 3Bi.n.yciJih norneM i MetieM nycTOIIIHB Ma3oniio .

PoKy Eo)Koro 1323. JlMTBa, a.n.epiiiHCb np11xonaHMMH cTe)l(HHaMH B 'MaJoiJiw ,li.o6)KHHCbKY 3eMJIIO .lJ.O lloJihw;i, cnanMJia MicTo i1 nu:neJia i 3 co6o10 .n;ecSITb .f'lum6a

niiiOHDpye

TI1C$1t.I B '.H3HiB . .f'lum8a cna/luJI.a ~yllmyctJI(

Hacrynuoro poi<y ,ll.anM)J., cTapocTa 3 fapTMHa, 3a HaKa3oM cnoro KHR3.H fe)J.MMiHa cnJJIOH.lJ.pyaaa Ma3oBiiO 6iJI.SI TiyJIT}'ChKa (Poltowska), cnaJIMB cTo i1 KiJibKa )J.eCSITKiB ciJI, norpa6ynan TPM.lJ.LVITb KOCTbOJiin, np11nia .no JlMTBM '10T11p11 TMCSitii B'.SI3HiB .

.f'lumOa

6(110€ JutjAAHiJiiO

,ll.pyre JI.MTOBCbKe nilicbKO, nonepuynnu1cb .lJ.O IucpJIRH.lJ.il, cnycTOlllMJIO B iHIIIMX MiCU.SIX JHa'iHY qacTMHY cyci.lJ.Hix npoBinu.ii1 B In<PJI.Sm.n.il.

316

KHHrA II no 1\0Jii MIIJIOCTIIBOrO focno}.J.a poKy .f)Q)KOfO

1325 AHHa, }.J.01.JKa re}.J.M-

MiHa, 6yJia }.J.aHa y 111Jll06 KH.H3eBi Ka3MMMpy, CHHOBi nOJibChKOrO KOpOJI.H Bmt}.J.HCJiaBa JloKOTKa. 3a nocar III .AaJIH scix nOJIOHeHMX, KOTpHx ni.n; 1.Jac JIATOBCbKI1X Hala.n;is 6yJIO 3a6paHO 3 noJihi.I(i. Bi)..(TO.lJ;i 3aB,lJ..HKI1 u:ii1 noKyTi

'lJtnl(a ~IeiJu.Miua

iJaua .RI(iJpy:HCuua 'X_a · gu.Mupy. cuuy noll&· Cbl(9l0 1(9·

HaCTaB 6a)KaHMM nOJI.HKaM M11p.

poAA

lloTiM re}.J.HMiH ni}.J. 1.JaC lliTYPMY 3aMKY <t>pi.u.6opr, KOTpm1 npyccaKH 36yJJ.yBa.JII1 B )KMy,n;i, 6ys nopaHCHHH xpeCTOHOCU:CM, )I.OCBi)I.1.JCHI1M CTpiJib-

'].(up TUJIIJl· l(j{} 3 Jlltm6mo

1'eiJu.Mi11a

~eM. BorH.HHa cTpiJia BJIY1.JMJia :t'roMy B Kp11)Ki, i siH noMep.

66umo

Uei1 JII1TOBChi<HH KH.H3h fe.n.11MiH Mas ceMepo CMHis si.n. .n.py)KI1HH caoro s6MToro naHa BiTeH.H, a caMe: MoHiB11.LI.a, Hap11MYHTa, OJibrep.n.a, 5InHyra,

:Hau,&aiJI(u 1'ei>u.Mi11a

Keikryra, KopiaTa i1 J1I06apTa. Mas TaKO)K KiJibKa .li.01.JOK. O,n;Ha 3 HHX 6yJia si.n..n.aHa 3aMi)K, .HK ~e rosopM.Jioc.H, 3a Ka3MMHpa, nOJibChKOro KopoJI.H.

(c. 24) Csmo .nep)Kasy w:e 3a )KMTI.H fe).l.MMiH po3,n;iJIHB Mi)K CI1HaMH. MoHisH.n.osi .HK cTapwoMY .n;as y cn(}AOK 3aMKH i1: MicTa KepHOB Ta CJIOHiM 3 ixHiMI1

'J()illu Jlumo8cbi(Ui(

1(11.RJi8

nposiHU:iRMH. HapHMYHTOBi- TiiHCbK 3 pychKMMM aeMJIRMH, 3}.J.a6yT11MI1 pi3HHMM cnoco6aMH: 1:.111 TO sii1HOIO, 1:.111 RKOIOCh yro}.J.OIO. 0Jihrep.noni- Kpeso, Kei1cryrosi- TpoKM, KopiaTosi .n.icTaBCR Honropo,noK; J1ro6apT eTas npaBHTeJieM y BoJIO.lJ.HMHpi, a RsHyr, .HKoro 6aThKO JII06HB 6ilrhwe 3a iHWHX, OTPHMaB CTOJIH1.JHe JIHTOBChKe MicTo BiJihHO i1 pyxoMe Ma'i1Ho y HhOMy. 3 U:HX

Jllmym cma8 .llumo8c&I!Jl.M I(JiJlJe.M.

CHHiB y Ha'i16iJihwii1 6paTepcbKi'i1 JII06oai Mi)K co6oro )KMJIH 6paTM OJibrep.u. Ta 4a 6am&1\i8Kei1CTyT, .HKi nOTIM Bi,lJ.B3.)1(11JIHCR Ha TOHwy MaTepiro: BOHH BB3.)KaJIM )I.JI.H ce6e

c&IQLM JaTUJGimo.M

npMHH)KCHHRM, w:o J1HTOBChKa .nep:»<aaa 3aJIHWa€TbCR 3a RaHYTOM, ~eM HiK'1.JCMHHM Ta HCBOMOBHJ1llHM. TOM}' n;i }.l.BO€ CTaJIH pa,nHTHC.H Mi)K co6010 npo Te, .HK RBH}'Ta CKHH)'TM 3 JIMTOBChKoro npecToJiy i BHrHaTM i1:oro 3 aiJieHChKol CTOJIHU:i, BCTaHOB.MJI.M neBHHH ,lJ.eHb }.J.JIR BHKOHaHHR CBOI'O HaMipy. Alle 0Jihrep.u., nolxaam11 y BiTe6cbKe KHR3iBCTBO Ha Pyci, HaJIC)KHe MOMY, 6o BiH o,np~.MBCR i3 €,l{.MHOIO )1.0'1.JKOIO BiTe6CbKOrO KH.H3.H, He Mir 3Bi)1.Tli npM6yTH y acTaHOBJieHm1: 3 Ke:H:cryroM .u.eHh. O,nHaK Ke:H:cryr, w:o6 .no6MTHC.H cao-

~i1cmym

ro, Hecno.n.isaHo Bl:IHHHB 36poi1HHH Han(}A Ha BilrbHO, 3,n;o6ya o611,n;aa 3aMKH.

o8o110iJi8 TJJiJl&HO.M

RBiryT )KC o.u.paay a nepmii% MerymHi BTiK y Jiic. TaM i1oro 3Ha:t'llli1Io )KOBHipCTBO Kei1:cryra, cni:t'IMaJIO ii npHaeJio

.u.o BiJihHa, a siH 6ya nOC(}A)KeHHii 6pa-

TOM .AO a'H3HMU:i. Hes}.J.osai 0Jihrep.ZJ; np11ixaa 3

Pyci 11 3acTaa Ke:H:cryra B)Ke

naH)'IOqHM Ha aiJieHChKiu CTOJIHU:i, aJie Ke:Hcryr HOM}' RK cTapmOMY ,ZJ;o6poaillhHO BiMaB BJia,zzy Ha)l. JlMTOBChKHM KHHaiacTBOM. Onbrep.u. B3aEMHO auqua Keiicryroai, w:o6 aiH ni.ZJ; CB0€10 BJia.D.OIO Ta CHJIOIO Mas Te, w:o iioMY .u.aaaJIH w:acT.SI ii M}')KlliCTh. HacaMnepe.ZJ; BOHH yxaanHJIH Mi)K co6oro, w:o6 au.u.illwr11 i3 caoix aono.u.iHh .HKHikh y.ZJ;iJI RaHYTY }.J.JIH cnmciiiHoro KopucryaaHHH; 11\06 BoJio.ZJ;apeM aiJieHChKOi CTOJIHU:i 6ya OJibrep.ZJ;. KeiiCTyT, norO,lJ;)Kyi0'1.JHCb Ha Tpou:1r Ke KHH3iacTBO, yxaa.n.HB 3 OJibrep.ZJ;oM, w:o6 ni,ZJ; qac 6y.n.h-JIKOi aiiiHH y KO)I(HoM}'BHna.n.KY npOTM KO)KHOrO aopora BOHH ,ZJ;aBaJIH co6i B3a€MHHH nopHTYHOK i ,li;OllOMOI)', a W:O TiJihKH XTQ-He6y.ZJ;h 3 HHX 3 :QbOI'O MOMeHTf npHJJ;6ae 'iH TO BiHHOIO, t.rn .HKHM iHmHM cnoco6oM 3

.u:ux Micr 3)1.o6y.ZJ;e, 11\06 Te JJ;iJIHTH MUK

co601o nopiBHf. Ui fMOBH Mi)K co6oro BOHH tpfHTOBHo yxaaJIHJIH ii ni,zo'sep-- 38Wrol nozyhrn• AHJIH B3a€MHOIO npHCSirGIO. JIBHYfOBi :>K 3 6paTepCbKOI'O o6oB'SI3KY BH,niJIHJIH JQUlJi 3tuAa&•l(j MJI npHCTOMHOfO fTPHMaHHJI 3aCJiaBCbKC KHSI3iBCTBO Ha Pyci.

317

KHHrA II

0 II b

E P ,l(,

JIHTOBCbKHH KHSI3b

I I (c. 25)

0 Jihrep~. 3~o6ynw11 3as,zurKH Kei1C1)7Y s~ 6paTa .HsH)'Til BeJIHKe KHH3iscTso JlHTOSChKe, Mas i3 cyc~HiMH iHcpJIHH,l(~HMH

OJibUpiJ no.Mcmu6CJL Ja 6anu.l(p6y c.AUpmb

:rpecmonoc~

9tfap,qp~足

cm6o Ja6oiio6ane 'Jllamapu poJ6umi if. 6uzHaHi J !JloUiJI.!ul U ocl(p6um

6ii)no8iCJae 0A~>upiJo8i

i% npyccbKHMM xpecTOHOC~HMH qacTi sii1HH. Pi3HHM 6ys IX nepe6ir Ta SOEHHMH ycnix, O~HaK 3aB)K~M 3 ~o6pHM pe3yJihTaTOM. PoKy si~ Pi3~sa focno.na XpMcTa 1327 0Jihrep.n. 3po6HSillM nepen:Hc pycbKMM TaJIHTOBCbKMM SiHCbKaM, sopO)KMM cnoco60M Hanas Ha IlpycciJo, 3Bi~yciJih )f(OpcToKo cnJIIOH~pysas ixHIO 3eMJIIO. XpecToHoc~..ti He MOrJIH ~aTH i1oMy si,n:ciq i He HaBa.JKYBaJIHCH BHixaTH npoTH Hboro s noJie. ToM}' BiH cnycTOillMB 6araTo IXHix 3aMKiB, Harpy3Ms neJIMKOIO 3,n:o6HqqiQ csoE )KQBHipcTBO, Ha6paB qJ1MaJIO B'H3HiB i, nOJIMBlliM npyccbKi nOJISI HiMe~bKOIO Kpos'IO, ~06pe nOMCTHBCH xpeCTOHOC~SIM 3a CMepTb CBOfO He~aBHO B6MTOfO 6aTbKa fe,n:MMiHa. IloTiM BiH npHBiB CSOI BiHCbKa ,no JIMTOSCbKHX 3eMellb 3 BeJIMKMM TpiyM<J>oM i 6e3 Hai1MeHillMX BTpaT. I I (c. 26) IJ:bOfO )K poKy BiH THXO Hanas Ha HOSe MapKrpacpCTSO i CIIJIIOH~pysas i1oro cKpi3b a)K no <l>paHK<}:>ypT i no caMy piKy O~ep. BiH )Ke Tpbox TaTapcbKMX QapHKis, pi,n:HHX 6paTiB, KYTJiy6aKa, KatiH6e.s~ Ta ,l(MMTpa (Kutlubacha, Kaczbeja i Dmitra) HaroJiosy po36HB i1 sHrHaB reTb 3 Ilo~iJIJIH. IlOTiM BeJIHKHH MOCKOBCbKHH KHSI3b ~MMHTpiif IBaHOBI1li 3amnnaBCSI t.~epe3 caoiO seJIHKY MiQh i si.nnpaBHB cnoro riHQ.H ~o 0Jihrep,n:a, noai~oM足 JIHIOt.IH, ll.\0 t.Iepe3 t.IOTHpH TH:>KHi 36pOHHO s.n.apHTb Ha HOfO JIHTOBCbKi 3eMJii, 6y~e IX 3 ycix 6oKiB norHeM i MelieM nycTOillHTM i1 caM oro OJibrep.na nponi,naE y BiJihHi si.npa3y )I( nicJIH BeJIMKO,nHH. To~i 0Jihrep~. HI<m1 nepe6ynan y BiTe6ChKy, nocnan iioMy 3amtneHMH CMOJIOCKMII, o6iQHIOt.IH, ll.\0 IIepm Hi)K TOH noracHe, np116y,ne ~0 BeJIMKOrO

318

KHHrA II MOCKOBCbKOrO I<H.H3.H i Bll:ap11Tb CIIIICOM y iioro UaJiaQ. 3i6paBIJJI1 TYT )Ke BiitcbKa, BiH pyrn11n np.HMilM roCTIIHU.eM Ha CTOJIW·I He MicTo MocKHY i1 OTO-

0 /lbUpiJ

HOrO. Hecno.u.iBaHO Hanal3UJ11 Ha MOCKODCbi<OrO THpaHa, DiH DI1KJ111I<aB iioro Ha 6MTDY n no11i. TaM, )'KJiannm MMP Ha nenHHX yMonax , 6o MOCKOJ3CbKl1ii KH.HJb BMIXaB /1.0 HhOrO B IIOJie, BiH, .HK o6iQ.HB, y.l(ap11B Cnl1COM y 3aMOK CB0€10 pyKOIO i JJiaMaB Cnnca, nponiB JIMTOBChKi KOp.ZI:OHM 3 OlJ.HOrO 6oKy 3a llliCTb MHJib Bi,T.J. Mo)J(aUCbKa Ta .U.BaHa.ZI:Q51Tb MMJib Bi.D. MOCKOBCbKO.i CTOJ111Qi , a 3 .n:pyroro- .n:o piKu Yrpn , nonepHyac.H 3 BCJIMKI1M TpiyMcpoM .n.o liHTBI1. OJibrep.n. Man 3 .n:py)KMHOIO Mapi€10, .D.O'lfKOIO TnepcbKoro KHR35l, .n.BaHa..llQRTb CHHiB: HaCaMnepc.n. JlraHJia, RKMM IIOTiM 6yn IIOI<JIMKaHHM Ha OoJibCbKe KopoJiincTno , CKI1prai1Jia, EopHca, Kop116yra, BiryH.n:a, KopHrai1Jia, HapHM}'HTa, JlRHrBJ.ma, Jl106apTa, AH.n:piR Ta Eyrana. Hai16iJihllle BiH JII06HB CTaprnoro CHHa JlraJiJia, TOM}' 111.0 1..\eM 06JIWl'lJSJM, 'lJeCHOTaMH i lliBI1,lJ.-

Ouma.Mu

'HIB

mpiy.M!fiye HaU .MOCI(9·

CuHu OA ~:>ze.piJa

KiCTIO p03)'MY Hai16iJibllie Hara.n:yBaB 6aTbKa M Hi6HTO BHpa3 i1oro HOCHB Ha co6i. CaMe i1oro BiH i npH3Ha'iHB crra.n:KOEMQeM JIHTOBChKoro npecToJiy. Kei1cryr )Ke, 6paT O Jibrep).J,a, MaB rniCTbOX CI1HiB: BiTOBTa (Witolda)' naTPHQiR, ToTHBi.rra (Totywila), CHriJMYH.D.a, Boi1,D;aTa (Wojdata) i1 ,ll,oBroTa (Dowgota). A:n.e J QHX ycix Kei1nyr Hai16iJibllle JII06HB BiTOBTa, 6o Qei1 MaB CHJibHe, MY)J(H€, npeKpacHe i1 ~aCJIHBe cepQe, npo ~o 6y,11;e HH)Kqe cKa3aHO. CaMe i1oro Kei1cryT o6pan cnoiM cna.n:KOEMQCM Ha rrpecTOJI. Mi)K QHMH .n:soMa ,D;BOiopi.ZI:HHMI1 6paTaMH, To6To Mi)K Jlrai1JIOM Ta BiToBTOM, 6yna neJIHKa JII060B i €.ZI:HicTb y KO)J(HiM cnpaBi, TaK IIJ.O IIOTiM Ja CIIiJibHOIO 3rO,ll,OIO, ocKinbKH, RK Ka)J(}'Tb, CUJ~;a 6auicrmo xpinum'bm ( Urrius unitafortior), rrpHMlliJIH

.n.o neJIHKHX cnpaB, npo mo 6y,11;e HH)Kqe. I I

(c. 27)

BeJIMKMM KH.H3h JIMTOBChKMM*

P mcy 6o)Koro 1381. ITo cMepTi 0Jihrep,D;a aa cnpHSIHIDI Kei1cryra RraifJio BCTYIIHB Ha 6aTbKiBChKHH npecToJI. BiH BiB JHa'iHi BiHHH 3 nepeMiHHHM ycniXOM npOTH pyci, DOJISJKiB, iH$JIRH,lJ;Chi<HX Ta npyccbKHX xpecTOHOCQiB. E}'B y Hhoro SJKHHCb Bm1,D;HJIO, MYJI<H'ioro ii He- 1Joiti'wloJJU'Ib JHa'iHoro po.zzy, JIIO,D;HHa XHTpa ii ni,D;crynHa. BiH cnoqaTK}' 6}'B y 0Jihrep,D;a iJct.JIJin neKapeM, IIO,D;06aBCR KHRJIO Ja CBOIO I<MiTJIHBiCTh, DOTiM CTaB DOCTeJibHHqHM, IIOTiM IIJ.aCJIHBHM BHila,D;KOM- ni,nqamHM, IIOTiM- BipHHM CeKpeTapeM Onbrep.n;a .no KiHI..\R iioro )KHTTR. RraiiJio )K He TiJibKH He noa6aBHB iioro 6aTbKOBoi npuxKJihHocTi, a ii B3araJii Bi.U..U.aB HOMY 3a .np}')KHHY CBOIO cecTpy. I..Vr cnpasa CKJibHO o6pa3HJia Keiicryra, lJ.HJJ;bKa HraiinoBoro. Boii.n;nno, 6oSI'IMCb, 11.(06 He 3a3HaTH 3MeHmeHH.H CBO€i BJia,nH, qecTi M JiaCKM, CTaB HenpHCTOMHO o66pixyBaTH Keiicryra nepe.n Rra:HnoM, nopo.u.>~<ysas y .HraiiJia oru.n;y .n;o JJ;H,AbKa. Ocb TaK BiH csoe10 apa,nJIHBOIO pa,n;oiO I I (c. 28) MOJIO.l{OI"O KH.H3.H ):{0 TOrO npnBiB, 11.(06 BiH Ta€MHO B3BB 3 npyCCbKHMH • .l{HB. iJteHTH'IHHH ManJOHOK y KH.

I (c. 88 opHriHany).

319

KHIIr A II xpecToHocu;SIMH nepeMMp'SI npoTH cTpHSI. llpo u;e nepeMHp'SI Keiic-ryr o.l(paay .n:osi,n:ascSI si.n: KOMrypa xpecToHocuis 3 OcTepo.n:e (Hosterodensa), KOTPOMY xpecTHB .D:O'~KY· O,n:HaK 3a nopa.n:oro caoro CMHa BiTosTa TaK ,n:onro npHKH,U:aBCSI He3Hai0'1MM, fiOKM JlraHJIO He p03fiO'IaB BiHH}' npOTM noJIOQbKOI pyci, reTbMaHOM SIKoi 6ys AH.npiH fop6aTMM, cMH Kei1cryrn. Y UhOMY 'X!ikmym .Hraiiny .n:onoMir iHCpJISIH.U:CbKMH MaricTp. T11M "'acoM Kei1cryT, si,n:KMHYBWM YJJ16 'BiJII1HO 6y,n:h-SIKi cyMHiBM, 36poi1Ho Hanas Ha BinhHO. 3aKJIMKaB ry.n11 BiTosTa i1 BKa3aB Ha Rraiinose nepeMMp'SI 3 xpecTOHOCUSIMM. O,n:HaK Ha npoxaHHSI BiTOBTa siH He po3no"'aB si:HHH npoTH YJII06JieHoro nJieMiHHMKa, TWhKH 3a6pas y Hhoro BiJihHO. Kpeso >K, 6aThKinchKY "'aCTHHy, :H BiTe6cbK, MaTe'BoiWu.no pHHChKy, 3aJIHWMB. A.Jie Boi1.n:Hna, SIKHH BKHHYB Mi)K HHMH TY KicTK}' HeHano8iweHufi BHcTi, cnii1Masnm y Bi.JihHi, HaKa3aB nosicMTH. Hes.n.os3i Kei1cTYT OBOJJO,l.(iB Hosropo,ll.OM Ta CisepcbKHM KHSI3iBCTBOM Ha Pyci, np116opKaB 6}'HTiBHoro JlwiiM pw8y Kop116YTa. THM "'acoM Rra:Hno, nosepH)'BWMCh i3 11ono~bKa, He TiJihKH 3a6;;Jl6 'Biltf1HO, xonHB BinhHO, a i1 osono.n:is yKpinneHHM 3aMKOM TpoKH. lloTiM o611.n.Ba J~Onu6 9J[poiQJ 3i6pan11 sii1:chKa O,D,MH npoTM .n.pyroro: Kei1cryT 3 Pyci Ta )KMY,u:i, a JlraHJio'BiiiHa 3 npyccbKHX Ta iH<PJISIH.D:ChKHX xpecToHocidB. O,nHH xoTiB nosepHyrH co6i JlwiiAa J 'J(eiicmymo.M TpoKM, a .n:pyrm1 - w;o6 o6opOHMTM i1oro. Kon11 )I( sii1:cbKa 3ii1:wJIMCSI, TO nepm Hi)l( .n:i11mno .no 6HTBH, Rrai1no ni)J. npHBO)J.OM po3MOBH BMKJIMKas, "!epe3 csoro 6paTa CKHprai1na, Kei1cTyTa i i1oro CHHa BiTosTa, HaKa3aB lx cxonHTH. Kei1cryTa, csoro cTplui, 3B'R3aBlliM, siH si.n:icnas .n.o Kpesa, ys'JI3'X!ikmyma HMB i HaKa3aB TaM i1oro Ja.n:ylliMTH. BiToBTa )I( ,ll.OBro TPMMaB y BinhHi ni)J. 66umo v .. v , • • Y 8JI.jHUgi sapTOIO 11 He XOTIB J10f0 Bl1fiYCTHTI1 3 B .SI3H11W HI Ha npoxaHHSI JII1TOBCb'Bimo6m KI1X naHiB, aHi MaricTpiB xpeCTOHOCU:iB, aHi Ha BMMOry CBOIX 6paTiB. J1oTiM y 6JI.JHUgi nw 6apm01o BiToBT 6ys nocJiaHHH 11.0 Kpena i Jacy.n::>KeHMH Ha cMepTb, JBi,ll.TM >K i3 MMc'Bimo6m TeQbKOIO BMHaXilJ..JIMBiCTIO Ta€MHO BTiK O,D,Hi€1 HO"'i 3a ,U:OfiOMOfOIO CBO€I 6mil( iJ 6RJHugi .n:pY:>KMHH. OcKiJihKH 111 MO>KHa 6yJio .n:o HbOro xo,D,HTH 3 ,D,BOMa naHHaMMCJI)')KHH~.HMH, TO BOHa nepes,n:.HrJia i1oro y cyKHIO o,n:Hi€1 3 u;11x CJIY:>KHMU:h i TaK MOfO BMBeJJa 3 C060IO, 60 BiH 6ys 6e3 6opo,n:M. IJoTiM BiH BTiK ,U:O CBOfO p0,1.1.11'1a, Ma30BeQbKOfO KHS13SI JIHa, a 3Bi,U:TI1- ,U:O J1pyccil, )1.0 xpeCTOHOCU:iB. l.J,i i1oro cno"'aTKY TpoxH BMCBapunM, w;o lxH.H npMSI3Hh 3Ha,n:o6unacSI i1oMy TiJibKM B KpaHHbOMY BMna,nKy, a ,U:O ~bOfO BiH npo Hei He .U:YMaB. 11oTiM, 3JierKa BTiWeHHH, BiH OTp11MaB Ha,D,iiO. XpecTOHOCU:i 3i :>KMYMIO, KOTpi 311"1JIH'Bimo6m J zyecmo- BO cnp11.SIJII1 BiTOJih,U:OBi, O,n:pa3y HanaJIH TO,D,i Ha JlHTBy, OBOJIO,U:iJIH MicTOM nocy.n.Mu Ta 3aMKOM TpoKH i1 ,n:o6pe i1:oro yKpinMJJH. 11oTiM Rrai1no "1epe3 csolx 8om .Jlum6y nocnis nosepHys BiTOBTa 3 Tipyccil, ,1.1.as i1oMy y nono,n:iHH.R MicTa i1 BOJIOCTi 'BimolJm J zyecmo- fpo,n:HeHChKi, EepecTeHChKi, ,ll.oporM"'I1HChKi, (c. 29) I I MenbHMUhKi, Hocy.n.Mu EiJibChKi, Cypa3hKi, KaM'smeU:hKi i BonKOBHHCbKi, "111M u;iJJKOM npMsepHys 6JepCJI. uo .Jlum6u co6i i1:oro sipy Ta noKipHiCTh, TaK w;o o,n:HH 6e3 nosi,n:oMneHHH .n:pyroro He CMiB HiK}',U:H Bi,n:npaBMTH fiOCJiiB. JlMTODCbKi xpoHiKM CBi,n:"'aTb, ~0 B uei1 )Ke "'ac Rrai1Jio ,n:an BiToary pychKi npoaiHu;il- BoJIMHb Ta Tio,n:inn.SI. Hes,ll.OB3i, KOJIM nnacHoro ll.i)J.M"'a KopoHI1 11oJihChKol He cTano nicnSI JliO,n:oaiKa Yropi~SI, Jlrai1Jio 3 BeJmKoro KH.H3iBcTna JlnTOBCbKOro 6ys noKJII1KaHHH fiOJISIKaMM Ha KOpOJiiBCTDO Ha neDHHX YMOBaX, .RK B11I.U;e ronopaJIOOI 11p11 on11ci TIOJibCbKMX KOponiD, (BiH np116yn) 3i CDOIMI1 pi.U:HHI\111 Ta ,U:BOIOpilJ..HI1MI1 6paTaMI1.

320

KHHrA II PoKy Eo.>t<oro

1386, ~H.H 24 JIJOToro, siH 6ys oxpeu\eHHH i Ha n1.JeHI1H

sipu cs.snol nce.neHChKOi KaTOJHH\bKOr U epKm1. Uhoro .>t< .U.HSJ siH 6ys Kopo-

Jlzaifno JDI(!lul(auuii ua 9ToJU>Cbl(e I(!Jpolli/}cmfJo.

HOBamu1 i3 €.U.11HOJO cna,nKO€MHI..\CJO TloJibCbKOI KopoHH, .D.01.JKOIO yropcbKoro Ol(JJtUji!.IIUU, Kopon.H Jl10.n.osiKa (Henryka) JI.n.niro10, .HKa 6y11a ,naHa 'troMy 3a .n.py.>KHH)'. KoJIH HD8uHUU B KopoHi TioJibCbKiH npoxo,nHJJI11..\i ypo'4HCTOCTi 11 1..\ep eMOHil, MaricTp npyc- 6ipu. oiJpy· xeuuu CbKMX x p ecTOHOCI..\iB KoHpa.n. L(oJibHep, 6aqa1.JH, ll(O JlHTODChKe KH.HJiBCTBO i 1(9pOHO· 6yno 6e3 KH.H3iB Ta HaH3Ha1.JHiUJHX naHis, 6o sci cynpono.n.>t<ynaJIH Kopon.H .no {}aHUU TlOJibll(i , p 03)J. iJIJ1B Ha .l(Bi 1.JaCTMHI1 BiikhKa, 60 3MOBMBCR 3 iH¢JI.HH.l(CbKI1M 9Tp!JCCIJI(UU .Mtuicmp MaricTpOM, Hanan 80pO.>KI1M Cl10C060M Ha J1J1TB)', .HK)' W11p0KI1M ¢p0HTOM 'ljoJIIJHtp Ha BeJIHK)' fJII1 611 H)' 3 6 araTbOX 60KiB CllJIIOH.lJ.p)'BaB BOrHeM i Me1.JeM . nmouiJpyE .f'lum6y (MaricTp) CI1JIOJO osono.n.is JaMKOM Ta MicTOM JlyKOMJib Ha Pyci i1 3aJIHWI1B TaM 3 .u.o6pMM JaxHCTOM Jlra~rnosoro 6paTa AnJJ.pi.H, m <MH npHHHSJB TaM XpHCTHRHCbK)' Bipy i CaM xpeCTOHOCI..\iB ).1.0 1..\bOfO p)'HH)'BaHHR CllOH)'KaB, KoTpOM)' noTiM ni.n..u.anacR BCR TloJIOI..\hKa Pych. To.u.i .>K cMoJieHCbKHM KHR3h C6JJ.mOCJIQ{} nmoHiJpyE CsRTOCJias no6JIH3)' BiTe6CbKa ti Opwi s Pyci cnycTOUJHB nonocTi i1 CI1JIOJO Pyc& B3RB McTHCJias. K o p o nh 5Irai1Jio, RKHM nepe6ynas TOJJ.i s TloJihlld, KOm1 .n.oni.n.asc.H npo l.\10 cnpany, HeratiHo nocJias .n.o J1HTDI1 C1<11prai1na Ta BiTOBTa 3 nOJibCbKHM Ta JIHTOBCbKHM pHI..\apcTBOM. BoHH RKHai1ws11,z:r;we nocnilliHJIH, ane )'.>Ke He JaCTa.JIH siticbKa xpecTOHOCI..\iB y JIHTBi. T o,z:r;i BOHH 3BiJibHHJIH Jlwii.Jw GuJ80AAe MicTo i1 JaM OK JlyKOMJib , a Jsi.n.n1 np116ynlll11 ,z:r;o M cTHCJiasa, JierKo osoJio- /lumofJc&'(j JI.iJIM sciM 1..\HM KpaEM i1 s6HJIH Cs.HTOCJiana, RKMM ni,z:r; qac lxHbOI Bi.lK)'THOCTi Ja.MI(JJ nJIIOH,z:r;pysan p ycbKi Kpal. BoHH TaKO.>K nonepH}'JIM co6i TloJIOI..\bK i .n.o6pe no- c6Jlrrwc.JlQ. 6a 86umo Kapa.nH 3p a.D.HHKis, .siKi 6yJI11 np111.JHHOIO KaniTyJIRI..\il MicTa. Cnii1MaJIH i JtHiJpirt.

JlraiiJiosoro 6paTa AH.n.piR, KOTpH:i16y s np111.JHHOIO I.{HX 6)'HTis Ta HacKoKis xpecTOHOCI..\iB. Mora 1..\WHX TPH poKH TPMMaJIM y )l(OpcTOKOM)' ys 'RJHeHHi s XeHI..\iHCbKOM)' 3aMK)' s TloJihud; HaCMJI)' i:ioro noTiM JaB)J.RKH KJIOnoTaH-

6pam Jl zaif.Jza, cniii..MaHui1

HIO BiTOBTa Ta iHwMx 6paTiB BHnycTMJIH. A HK JIMTOBCbKMH Hapo.n: Ji csoiMH KHH3$1M11 6ys HaB1.JeHHH xpHCTH$IHCbKOI sip11, .HK oxpemeHHH, KOpOTeHbKO on11weMo Te, ll(O CTOC)'€TbCH cnpasu. I I (c. 30)

I1PO CTAPE Jli1TOBCbKE I,l(OJIOITOKJIOHCTBO ,z::I:o qacis n OJibCbKOro KopoJIH

BJI~Hc

Jiasa JlraiiJia 3 JIHTOBCbKHX KHH3iB, HK MM flOBHiwe p03llOBiJIH B OllHci llOJibCbKHX KOpoJiiB, sci )I(MTeJii Jli1TOBCbKOfO Ta )I(MY.lJ.CbKOrO Hapo.n:y qepe3 csoi cTapo.n:asHi MapHosipcTsa XBaJIHJIH 6araTbOX 6oris, a6o, sipHime, JI.HHBOJiiB 3 Kono.n:u. A nepw Ja nee BHHBJiflJIH qecTb 6ox<eCTBY sorHIO if Ha3H-

.?lumo6ct.~

(Znicz), TOM)' B HaHKpall(HX

noiQumiHH.R 6ozmo

MiCTaX Ta Mici.{HX, npH3HaqeHHX .D:JI$1 :QbOrO, nOCTiHHO BiH ropiB, a JI.JUI

!TfOI(li.OH.iHH.Jt

Bi.z:tnpaBJICHH$1 CBOiX o6pH,nis npHCTaBJIHJIH )l(Cpli;R 3 llOMit~HHKaMH. JIKll(O

6JIUC1(a$yi

BaJIH MOrO Ha CBOiH MOBi HK CB.HTf piq 3Hi1.J

)I( t~epe3 .HKMHCb BHlla.D:OK a6o He)J.6aJiicTb BOfOHb Jracas, TO QHX llOMilJHHKiB Kapanu cMepTIO. [(eii soroHb nocTiHHO ropis HacaMnepe.n: y BiJihHi- CTOJinqHOM)' MicTi BeJIHKoro KHH3iBcTna JIMTOBCbKoro, nocepe.n: JaMK)', .n:e !3apa3 KOCTbOJI ca. CTaHicnasa. TaK caMo 6yno i B iawux HalirOJIOBHilliHX MicTax. TaKO)K CJiaBHJIH .HK 6ora llepyHa, HKOfO CB0€10 MOBOIO Ha311Ba.JIH llepKyHOC

(Perkunos). ManH TaKO)I( CBHll(CHHi 03epa, JiicH Ta rai i BHHBJIHJIM iM

321

KHHrA II !lfOI(JIOHiHIIJI OJtpQ.)J !lfO~JIOKiHH.R

Jtica.M

i.D.OJIOllOKJIOHCbKY nosary, ~0 IX He TiJibKM py6aTM, a W 3HeBa)f{aTM Hero.li.MJIOCH, Hi6M TaM )KMJIH 60r11.

SIK6H KOTpMHCb i3 HMX, yqacHMK Ui€i

)I(

i.D.OJIOnOKJIOHCbKOI CeKTH, He BMSIBHB nosarM SIKiHCb 3i 3fa)J.aHMX peqeiif, TO HOfO HeraWHO CXOWIIOBaB )J.HSIBOJI, a6o )K HOM}' WIUO 1.111 SIKHHCb 'iJieH BiJJ.pH· BaJIH, a6o *

!lfoi(JI OHiHHJl COH~IO

!lfOI(JIOHiHHJl

J.Mi.R.Ac

)J.HHBOJibCbKOIO cnpaso10 y Hhoro BMKpHBJISIJIHCSI pyKH. KoJII-t

)f{ 6yJio 3aTeMHeHH.SI COHL(SI a6o )K MOfO 3aKpHBaJIH XMapH, TO BOHH .lJ.YMaJIH,

~o coHue Ha HHX rHiBaJiocsr, TOMY .n.esrKi npHHOCHJIH i1oMy *epTBH, w.o6 y6naraTH COHQe. BOHH BB(l)KaJIM TaKO.>K 6oraMH 3MiH Ta SIIIJ.ipOK, BHSIBJIHJIH IM oco6m-my qecTb. Ko*eH rocnol(ap, Mi~aHHH Ta ceJIRHHH, TPHMaB y csoEMY .n.oMi 3MiiO. 3Mii1 I.UaHysa.nH HK .U.OMOBHX 6o.>KKiB, )f{epTnysa.nM iM MOJIOKO Ta Ma.TIHX KypqaT. nys HeW.aCJ111BIU1 i BCiiif qeJIHJJ,i HenpH€MHMI1 3HaK, SIKI.I..lO s SIKOMY )J.OMi He 6yJio 3Mii a6o .>K XTO He BMSIBHB ii1 waHysaHHH. TaKHH .n.iM qacTo CTSirysan Ha ce6e Hew.acTSI a6o *

BHiseq o6epTascsr. Ha no·

qaTKY )KOBTHSI, niCJIH )KHHB, y HI1X 3aB)K)J.H 6yJio ypo"iHCTe CB.SITO, Ha SIKe BOHH a'i)K)J.)KaJIHCSI.U.O npHRTeJiin 3 .U.PY*MHaMM, p,iTbMH i ycie10 qe;uiMIO i1 uiliMx TPH )J.Hi 6eHKeryna.nH, n 'IO'l!H

noi)J.aiO'iH Te, w.o s6HJIH s >KepTsy

6oraM. l...J;hOfO 3BH"iaiO H HMHi .U.OTpMMYlOTbC.SI CeJISIHH B )KMyJJ.i 36uzai1Hi :JtCepm6u

nO{OpOHU

B )J.eSIKMX

JIHTOBCbKHX Ta pychKMx nponiHQiHx, npo w.o 6yp,e cKa3aHo HM.>K'l!e. ITonepTaiO'iMCb 3 sii1HH, BOHM BKM.U.aJIM aaMiCTb *ePTBM y CBHIIJ.eHHMH soroHb (c.

3a6o6onHi

31) OKOBM Ta SIKOfOCb O)J.HOfO 3 s'H3HiB,

HaHBH3Ha'iHiillOfO My..>Ka. DYJIH

TaKO)K B JiiCaX neBHi BOfHMIIJ.a, ,lJ.e llaJII1JIM TiJia flOMepJIHX y )J.OporOM}' OJJ,H3i, KOTpHM noKiHHMK Hai16iJibllle KOpHcTyBaBCR 3a )f{MTTSI, pa30M 3 KiHbMH, Bii1CbKOBHM o6Jia)J.yHKOM, 3 JJ,BOMa MMCJIHBCbKI1MH ncaMH Ta COKOJIOM; 3 noMepJIHM naHOM, OC06JIHBO KOJIJ1 TOM 6ys My>KeM 3Ha'l!H0f0 po)J.y, BOHH y TOMY *

sorHi npHHOCHJIH ..>KMBQeM y >KepTBY TaKO* i1oro Ha:HsipHiworo

cnyry. 3a.D.JIR Qhoro JK BOHM me)J.po o6p,aponysan11 Apyais Qhoro c.nyr11. )lo MOfMJI CBOIX 6JIH3bKMX Ta .lJ.a.TibHiX pO.li.H"iiB BOHH XO.l(HJIH 3 MOJIOKOM, CH'ieHMM Me.l(OM Ta nHBOM, TaM )Ke 6 e HKe TyBaJIH

TaHQIOBaJIH 3a .n.ymi noMep-

JIHX ni.n. asyKH Tpy6 Ta 6apa6aHiB. Uboro 3BH"iaiO w.e

HHHi .li.OTpHMYIOTb-

CH y )KMyAi, 6inH KypnsrH.D.ChKOro KOp.D.oHy, oco6mmo MYJKMKH no cenax. Koponb Jlrawno, HK TiJihKH

BJ.sm WJII06 i3 JI.nsiro10, €.lJ.HHOIO cna.n.Ko€MHQeiO

KopoHM floJihCbKOi, npo w.o sm~e nMcaJiocsr, sci noMMJIKM Ta nycTonopo>KHi i .llOJIOIIOKJIOHCbKi 3a6o60HM HeraHHO Bi.llKHHys i npH60pKaB, a JlHTBi

9Tozy} Jlza iiJia iJoJZum6u iJIUl )(J'ft!Y!HHJl .MicyeOow

lttlpoiJy

qepea xpern.eHHH .n.as xpMCTHSIHCbKe iM'H. BHpiwMBWM saJKJIHBi cnpanH y DollhiiJ.i i1 He 6aJKaiO'l!M, mo6 JlHTOBCbKe KHSI3iBCTBO - HaMMI1Jiirna .Horo niT'H13Ha- npo.n.os>Kyaa.JJa CJIYIKMTH )J.HHBOJiy, CKJIMKaB poKy EmKoro

1387,

Ha no'iaTey seJIMKoro no cry, y BiJihHi- roJIOBHOM)' JIHTOBCbKOM)' MicT i, BaJib· H1111 cei1M. Ha Qei1: cei1M BiH np116y s p,o BiJibHa y npH3Ha'-IeHMH t.Jac 3 6araTb· Ma KHSI3JI M 11 Ta naHaMM KOpOHHJ1MM, 3 KOpOJieBOIO Ta fH€3H e HCbK.HM apxt€1111CK OnOM, B3HBlliM 3 C060IO 6araTbOX iHlliMX )J.yxOBHHX oci6 Ta no60.>KHliX

3 HMM np11ixaJIM TaKo.>K CeMOBMT i J!H, Ma3oseQhKi KHR3i, KoHpa.n.. KHH3b OJieCHHQhKHH. 3 HeMaJIHM 'l!HCJIOM JIIO.D.Y Ha Qeil cei1:M npu6y1111 i iforo

JIIO,n:ei1:.

6paTH- KH.H3i: TPOQbK11i1 CK11prai1no, rpo.nHeHCbKHi1 BiTOBT, KHIBCbKHii BoJIOJJ.MMMP Ta HonropO.D.CbKHH Kop116yT. To.n.i Hacal\mepe.D. CTaJIH peBHO Jlumo8cbl(e liJU'lllutjmeo JIIUI.iY!IIt

lll1JibHYDaTM, 11~06 ,lJ.OHeCTM QbOMY 3HatJHOMY HapOJJ.OBi XpllCTIIHHCbK)' nipy, BHKOpiHHBillH <}laJiblliHBI1X 6oriB

Bci i}J.OJIOilOKJIOHCbKi 3a6o60HI1,

322

y tJOMY

I(Hlfr A II H CaM KOpOllb OXO'-IC ,naBaB npHKJia)l, npW·IOM)' HC TiJihKH npHKJia)lOM Ta Hara,nynaHH.Rl\1, a H ,napaM11 Ta Ha)'KOJO, 60 UOJlbCbKi CB.H~CHHKI1 He p03)'MiJII1 JlHTOBChKO.i MOBJ.I. To,ni KOpOllb HaKa3aD IJ,CM CD.RU..I,CHHMli BOTOHb 3araCI1TJ1, susepHYTH t<an11u~e, .ne ixHiH :>Kpeu.b npm-tocHn i,noJionoKJIOHCbKi )KepTDI1, B611TJ1 3Miii, nupy6aTI1 rai, a JiiCI1, .HKi BOHM Ha3HBa.JII1 llOMCWKaHH.HM CBOIX 6oris, supy6aTH M CllaJIIITH. l.I.e 6yJio He .ll)':>Ke MMJIO TOM)', ~e )lHKOM)' TO.Ld Hapo.n.y, I.JJ.O KOpOJib HaKa3aB IXHiX i.LJ.OlliB BI1HI1~11TJ1. IIJ.e 6iJibWe BOHM)lHB)'BaJIHOI TOM)', I.JJ.O flOJI.HKH ~U1H11Jll1 1..\e 6e3 WKO.lJ.H CBOEM)' :>KMTTIO H He 3a3HaiO'liH Ha co6i Hi.HKoi noMCTH ixHix 6oris. BoHa To,ni rosopHJIH Mi)K co6oro: stK me Hawi 6on1 TepnJIHTb TaKi KpHs. . .. )lll Dl.LJ. 1..\HX 3JlliX xpMCTHSIH- llOJISIKlB, He MCT.RTb, .ll.03BOJl5IlOTb IM TOpKaTHCSI .no ce6e 3JiiCHl1MH pyKaMH? .HK6M xTo-He6y,nh 3 Hac TaK I I (c. 32) B'-IHHHB, TO HeraMHO 6yn 611 HJ.1MI1 .ll.)')I(C IlOKapaHHM. A.Jie, KOJIH fiOJl.RKM, Jllum8a scynepeq ixHiti ,nyMI..d, suKopeHMJIH TaMTernHix 6oris, To,ni JIHTBa, 3po3y- npuuH.JUia C8.Jlmui1 MiswH cso10 rJiynory, oxoqiwe nepexo,n11na Ha xpHCTH.HHCbK)' sipy .no csolx Xpe.cm KHSI3iB; 6araTbOX i3 HHX KOpOllb ni,nKOpHB no_napyHKaMH, T06TO 6iJIHM C)'KHOM, SIKOrO 'tJHMaJIO B TIOllbll.d HaK)'llHBWH, npHBiJ )lJISI HHX ,nO JlMTBH; TO)li seJIH'liC3Ha ix KiJihKiCTb npHMH.RJia Cs.RTHM XpecT. CaM KopoJib To,ni Hasqas IX rypTOM MOJlHTBi «0T"tJe HaW» Ta CHMBOJl)' sipH, a nOTiM )')KC CB.HI.JJ.CHHKH Ta iHwi .nyxosHi nacTHpi. OcKiJibKM )K 6yJio sa)KKO scix IX oxpeCTHTH OKpeMO, TO TaKy 'liCCTb 6yJio BH.HBJICHO TillbKH 3Ha'liHiWHM, a npOCTOJIIO)l po3_niJIHJIH Ha rpoMa,nH 11, CBSITOIO so,no10 noKponHBWH s iM'SI 0TUR, i CHHa, i CsRToro ,lJ.yxa, o,nHiH rpoMa.n.i .u.aHo iMeHa TieTpis, .n.pyri:H- TiasJiiB, TpeTiii - J.lHiB, qeTsepTi:ti:- AH.n.piiB iT. JI.., TaK caMo fl )KiHKaM: s o,nHiH K)'Ili 6yJIM AHHM, s .u.pyrii1:- Eap6apH, B TpeTii1- ,ll.opoTH iT. ,n. PHuapcbKMX )Ke JIIO.u.eti oxpem.ysaJIM KO:>KHoro oKpeMo. KopoJib HaKa3aB nocTaBMTM Ha TOM)' Micu;i, _ne SI3H'-IHHKH naJIMJIH BOfOHb, BeJIHKMH BiBTap Ha 'liCCTb rocno,na Bora, .u.e noTiM 6yJio 36y.u.osaHo KOCTbOJI cs. CTaHicJiasa. KoJIM JIIO,z:tH B:>Ke 6yn11 oxpem;eHi, O,z:tMH 3 KHH3iB, JIKMH ~e He oxpeCTHBCSI, TaK Bi,nnoBiB KOpOJIIO: «MOcTMBHM KoponlO! RK~o ou;i Hami 6or11 TaKi CJia6Ki :H He,nocKoHaJii, ID;O .l(a.JIH ce6e nepeMOrTH nOJibCbKOM)' KOpOJIIO, TO B)Ke H MM, llOKM,nai0'-111 csoix 6oris, npHcTa€MO .no nOJibChKoro Bora HK .no CMJihHillloro>>, 0TaK sci oxpecTMJIMCSI, npM'liOM)' o,nHoro ,z:tHH ysipysa.JIM :H oxpecTMJIHCSI TpH,z:t[(SITb THCSI'-1 npOCTOJIIO,z:t)', 3a BMHSITKOM 3Ha'tJHilliMX i THX, SIKi oxpeCTH- !J(j.n&l(jcrm. O;l(pt~HOi JIHCSI B ITonhm;i. TioTiM ni.n qac o,nHiei nponosi,ni, SIK)' nponosi,nHnK suro- Jlum6u JJomysas y npHC)'THOCTi KopoJisr, npo sipy, npo cTsopeHHSI csiTy li rpixona- DcilllHe .niHHSI A,naMa, O,z:tHH 'tJOJIOBiK fOJIOCHO CKa3aB: «MOCTUBHH KOpOJIIOI QeM 11U11UlXM CBSII.I(eHlfK fOBOpHTb Henpas.ny npo CTBOpeHHSI CBiT)', 60 BiH He JI.)')Ke CTapMH. Mu * Ha6araTo cTapmi, aJie U:hOro He naM'JlTa€MO>>, To.ni KopoJih, noCMiXH)'BlliMCb, CKa3aB, llOSICHIOI0'-111 HOM)' u;e: «QeH CBSII.I(eHHK He fOBOpUB, J.U.O TO CTa.JIOCSI np:H HbOM)', a.Jie Ha6araTO paHiWe JI.O :QbOfO, 6JJU3bKO n'SITH TUCSI'I poKiB. Bee :Qe B'IHHUB rocno,nb Eor». 3 U:bOrO qacy lllJISIXeTHUU JIHTOBCbKHH Hapo.n :H noHMHi 36epirae CB.HT)' xpncTHSIHCbK)' sipy. IToTiM KOponb Jlra:HJio, OMUBWH CBJJTHM XpecTOM, npocsiTHBIIln xpHCTHHHCbKOIO BipoiO siT"tJH3H)', nosepHyscH .no ITOJib~i. JbtTOBCbK)' )K .nep*asy niH .nopy'IHB CBOEM)' pi.nHoMy 6paT)' CxHpratfJIY.

323

KHHrA II

C KH P

A 11: JI 0*,

JIHTOBCbKHH KHH3b '1Jimo6m 6mil(

//(c. 33)

JIK TiJibKM CK11prai1JJo cin Ha JJHTOBCb-

iJo 9rfaJo8i~

KOM)' npecToJii, BiToBT, M}')K neJJMKoro cep~H, Herai1Ho cnpMi1HHB ue co6i 3a

a nomi.M

o6pa3}', 60 M}'CHB ni.n.nopH)J.K)'BaTMCH HaHHM:>I<"'OM}' i Hai16iJJblll HeBOHOBHH-

iJo !!Tpyccii

"'OM)' JIIiTOBChKOMY BO)I()J.eBi. ToMy, 3a6e3ne"'HBillM Mi~HOIO o6opoHoiO enol 3aMKM rpo.n.HO Ta EepeCT$1, BTiK 3 .n.py)I(MHOIO AHHOIO .n.o CBOfO 3HTH, Ma30Be~bKOf0 KH$13H RHa, a 3Bi.lf.Tli - .n.o npyccbKMX xpecToHoc~ia, .HKHMM 6ys

B)J..H"'HO npHHH.HTMH, 60 BOHH CTIO)J.iBaJIHCR 3 MOfO /.I.OTIOMOfOIO JierKO OBOJIO)J.iTM liHTBOJO Ta )KM}'MJO. To.n.i BiToaT, 3i6paBillH nii1cbKa npycchKHX Ta iHqm.HH)l.ChKHX xpecTOHOC~iB, nJIIOH.Apysas .ll;HTB)', 3Bi.AKH Mir. KoJIH JK no6a"'HB, mo xpecToHoc~i 6y1111 HOM}' He .n.o KiHI(.H nipHMMH, TO qepe3 TIOCJiiB npOCHB npol.l..(eHH$1 }' 6paTa Jlrai1:Jia, TIOJibCbKOfO KOpOJI$1, Bi)J. .HKOfO .n.icTaB Ha.n.iJO CTaTii JIHTOBCbKHM KHR3eM. To.n.i niH Ta€MHO si.n. xpecToHoc~ia B)J..HrHyacx a qepHeqy p.Hcy xpecTOHOCQ.H i BTiK .n.o JlHTBH. A w:o6 3aJIHill:U'1Jimo6m 6mi1(_6W ;rpecmo-

™ nicJI.H ce6e RK}'Cb naM'RTb, nosepTaJO"'HCb si.n. sopora, TO B3RB i cnaJIHB

Hocgi6

Jie)l(aJIH no6JIH3}' )I(M}'.lf.ChKoro Kop.n.oHy, Ky.n.u iioro .HK npH.HTeJIR 6yJJo sny-

'1Jimo8m iJyJ.Ul£

)(Jlmpo

o6Aoxumu 'lJiflbHO

TPH 3aMKH xpecTOHOCQiB, To6To IOpreM6ypr, MepreH6ypr i HaiiHrayJ, 11(0 w:eHo. I I (c. 34) O.n.HHX poTMicTpis xpecToHOCQiB i HaHJHa"'HilllHX )I(OBHipin BiH y6HB, a .n.pyrMx Ja6pas i J co6o10 B noJioH. KoJIM )I( 3po3yMiB, W:O KOpOJib .HraHJIO THfHe 3 BHKOHaHH.HM o6iQ.HHOK W:O.lf.O naHYBaHH$1 BiTOBTa }' JlHTOBCbKOM}' KH.H3iBCTBi, TO noqas .lf.}'MaTH Ha)l, THM, .HK 3)J.06YTH BiJibHO. ,llJIH QbOfO BiH npM)J.}'MaB TaKMH cnoci6: ll}'CTMB TIOfOJIOC, Hi6MTO MaB }' BiJihHi cnpaBJI$1TH seciJIJI.H csoli1 cecTpi, Ta npHrorysas cTo neJIHKMX noJiB, }' HKi TIOCa)l,HB Hai1.n.o6ipHillle pM~apCTBO, a 3Bepxy npHKpMB COJIOMOIO; nosi3 lx .n.o BiJibHa HK M'Rco Ta iHille npo.n.osoJibCTBO, noTpi6He )l.JIR seciJIJI.H. Ko;m )I( ni.n.'l)f()I.)f(aB .n.o JaMKy, To i:foro a 3aMoK He anycTHJIH, po3niJHaa-

'1Jimo8m

IIIH 3pa.n.y. BiH, 6alla"'H, w:o noMHJIHBC.H y cnoli1 Ha.n,il, 3Hosy qepe3 nocnis

lhnil( iJo !!Tpyccii npMBepH)'B .n.o ce6e xpecTOHOc~iB, nolxas .n.o Dpyccii' i1 3Bi.n,TH npoTSiroM 5lzai1Ao .n.nox poKiB "'HHMB Ha6irM Ha JlMTBy. DoTiM y 1390 po~i KopoJJb 5Irai1:Jio, 11(06 8iiJ6u6ae Hacmyn '1Jimo8ma

noKJiacTM Kpai1 BiTOBTOBHM Hana.n.aM, Ji 36po€IO B pyKax Ta nory)f(HOJO CHJIOIO npM'ixas 3 DoJihW:i .n.o JlHTBM, onono.n.is KaM'.HHQeM, a n'RTHa.ZJ.IJ;.HToro .lf.H$1 niCJI$1 noqaTKY o6nor11 B3.HB .n.o6pe Ja6eJneqeHMi1 BiTOBTOBOIO o6opoHOIO fpo.n.HeHCbKMM 3aMOK, RKHH ne:>~<as Ha.n, piKoiO HiMaHOM. Xoq BiTOBT 3 xpecTOHOCU$1MH npM.n,yMan He3BH"'ai1Hi XHTPOII(i, O)l.HaK .n.apeMHO 6yno

XpecmoHoq~i

6iJepllUCJI iJo .9lum8u

nJIHCTH npoTH BO)l.H. DoTiM Koponb siJJ,''ixaa .n.o DoJibU(i. Toro )f( pOK)', KOJIH .n:ocTMras XJii6, xpecToHoc~i. po3.n.iJIHBillH enol "'HMarri niikhKa Ha TPH qaCTHHH, B.n.epJII1C.H )1,0 JlHTBH Hi6HTO )l,JIR TOfO, W:06 a6o TIOMCTHTHCR Ja BiTOBToni IUKO)J.H, a6o KoMneHcynaTH lx. Alle IM IUBI1)J.Ille itlllJIOC$1 npo Te, w:o6 ni.n.KOPMTiif J111TBY csoli1 ana.n.i. ToMy o.n.He ai•lcbKO sis MaricTp iHcpnHH)J.CbKMX xpecTOHOCI~is, .n.pyre- BiTOBT, a TpeTE -caM reThMaH scboro sii1ChKa, npyccbKHH MaricTp KoHpa.n. BaJiepoJJ,yc; TOJJ.i nonn nopO)I<HM cno-

* )l1111. i;(CIITI1'1111111 M<UIIOHOK y Kll. I

(c. 114 opuriH;Vl)').

324

KHMrA II C060M nlllOHJlpynaJII'I, )le MOfJIII, JII1TOBCbKi Kpa·lllll, CIIaJIHJI.H CJJaBHe CTapo-

Xpecmo~tocy.i nJIIOHiJpyiOitliJ

,ll.aBH€ MicTo TpoKn, KOJJHmmo CTOJIJ1ql0 JU1TOBCbKl1X rmnJin, a 3BiJJ.TH py- .7'lumt1y lllMJJH cuohut Ta6opaMn JJ.O BiJJhHa. TiJJbKH-HO BOHI1 OTO'-IHJJM III1:1KHil1 'IJiJir,uo BiJieHCbKnii 3aMOK, SIK pycb Ta JJHTBa, Micu,esi .>I<HTeJii, 11oro 3anaJIHJIH. KoJJH

06/IOJft"C/tO

U iJOll!JO(}QIIO

Kopura{tJIO, pi.uHml 6paT I<opomt i .n.no10pi.n:nHI1 6paT BiTonTa, xoTin BiJl U.hOro sorHIO BTeKTH, Ta 6yn cnifiMaHnl1 i cTpa'-IeHHH noporaMH. PemTa npoCTOJJIOJlY i BCe pHu,apCbKe BiJICbKO '-laCTI<OBO 3ropi1IH, t.faCTKOBO 3afl1H)'JII1 Bi.ll. BOpO:IKOfO Me'-la; TBeptr.51Tb, liW 3araJIOM 3afi1H)'JIO JlO '-10T11pHa)lQ5ITI1 THCSI'-1

.n.yrn.

Bepxnii13aMOK noJI51Kn 3i cnoiM BI13Ha'-IIU1M poTMicTpoM MI1Ko-

JJa€M MocKO:IKOBChi<HM M)':IKHbO 3axucTnJII1. BOI·m He xoTiJIH 3.D:aTHCn, ne3na.>KaJOt.ln na nopa3KY csolx , Ha cnaJieHH5l HH.>I<Hhoro 3aMI<y, Ha nopo.>Ky norpo3y, Ha noKaa noporaMn rOJIOBM Kop11ral1na, spemTi Ha cTpiMKMH

?.-fy:HCIUL

8ivci'l noJIRI{i8

l(pecmoHOC!Yl.M

mrypM, xoq 6iJihma t~acTHHa MYPY mi<e 6yJia 3py11Honana. KoJII1 B.>Ke He Dl1CTa'-laJIO 6arHa Ta 3eMJii, CI1JibHO 3p)"i1Honani Micu,SJ MYPY BOHH 3aKJJatr.aJil1lllK)'paMM :xyJlo6M, yno.li.SI'-111 U.MM B oMany nopora, KOTpHi1 crpiJISIB 3 rapMaT; spernTi BOHI1 3aKp11BaJIH csoir..m TiJiaMHlllJISIX lllTYPM)'IO'-IHM soporaM, CHJI)' I

(c. 35) CHJIOIO ni.n:611BaJil1. lHrnl1i16paT KopoJISJ, CKHprai1no, 3i CB0€10 JIMT-

BOlO Ta pycciO TaKO.>K KI1H)'Bllli1Cb Ha Bl.lf.Cl'tl, 3aB)laB BOpory 3Ha'-IHOI nopa3KH . IJ,e no6at~HBWH , xpecTOHOCQi a BiToBTOM 3HSIJII1 o6nory B MicSJu,i XpecTTW1Wc!_!i JIW8y TIJIIOHiJ· :IKOBTHi, Bt~HHHBWH y JlMTBi BeJIHKi WKO.D;H. Hacrynnoro poKy BiTOBT 3 xpe- P!JIOitlb /'lumBy CTOHOCIJ.SIMH 3HOB)' np11sis sii1cbKO ni.n; BiJihHO, 3HOB)' OTO'tiHB 3aMOK i KiJihKa JlHiB 11oro 3.n;o6ysas. ITOJISIKM .>K M)':IKHbO i1oMy onMpaJIMCSI, TOM)' sopor, niqoro ne B'tiHHMBlllH, 6ys 3M)'Wei-ml1 ni.u.crynHTH. OcKinhKH xpecToHocu,i ne 3MOrJIH Hiqoro s.n;iSITM BiJihH)', TO sepTaiOt~MCh, OBOJIO.U.iJIH Bi.nhKOMHpoM i1 Hosropo.n:oM, BHpy6aJmlxnE sii1chKO, o611)],sa 3aMKM cnaJIHJIH.

XpecmoHocgi cna.nU/Iu 'Bi.nbl(p.Mup ma !J{o6zopoa

IToTiM, u,horo .>K poKy, xpecTonocu.i 3 BiToBTOM 3HOB)' .n:sit~i nana.n:aJIM Xpecnumocr;i J~to6y Ha JlMTBy, 3ano.n:i.SIJII1. seJIMKOIIIIKO.li.M i1 Heno.n:aJiiK MicTa Kosna Ha.n; HiMa- II/IIOHUpYIOitlb HOM 36)'Jl)'BaJIH Tpi13a.MOt~KI1: MeHsep.n:ep, MeTeH6ypr i1 PHTesep.u.ep. 0.U.HH 3 HHX BOHH .LI.aJIH BiTonry, a.n:sa 3aJIMIIII1JII1 co6i i13a6e3net~l1JII1 o6opoHoiO.

}'lumBy

TioTiM BOHI1 3 HI1X t~aCTO p0611JI11 Hanatr.l1, ll)'CTOIIII1JII1 cyci)J.Hi KpaiHI1. IJ,e 6at~at~l1, nOJihCbKHH Koponh .Hrai1no, .n.soiOpi.n:HHH 6paT BiTOBTa, 6ys oxon-

JieHMH .>KaJiiCTIO, ~o nycTowaTbC.SI JIHTOBChKi KpaiHH. ToMy BiH TaEMHO si)J.npasHB y ITpycci10, .n:o BiTOBTa, CMHa Ma3oBeU,bKoro KHSI3SI CeMOBHTa feHpixa, ~06 3 HHM nopa)J.MBCH npo MHp, 3aKJIHKaiO'tll1 MOfO Ha JlMTOBCbKe KHSI3iBCTBo. Ha ~o BiTOBT .n:y:~Ke pa.n.o noro.u.MBCH, :i1 TaKHM t~HHOM Mi)K KOpOlleM JlraHJIOM Ta BiTOBTOM CTaBCSI MI1p, KOJIM KOpOJib noo6iu,.SIB ,D;aTI1 i1oMy BeJIHKe KHSI3iBcTBo JlHTOBChKe, He3Ba)Kai01.1M na iHiliHX pi.U.HHX 6paTiB, if u,iJIKOM .n:oTpHMaB csoro cnosa. IToTiM BiTosT, snop.SI,D;KysaswH

'Bimo6m,

3ri.n.Ho 3i csoiM 3a.,zJ,)'MOM cnpas11 i B Pet~i ITocnoJIHTiii KopoHHi:H:, i y BenM-

6t.n.UJ(J/

KOM)' KHSiaiscTsi JlHTOBCbKOM)', cxon11s y aaMK}' PwTesep.n:epi K}'nu.is Op.n:e-

"Y if HiMe~hKHX, HKi 6eaneqHo MlllJIM. Bi,D;i6pas y HHX TosapH, aanaJIHB aaMOK i, nos' SI3aBIDI1 iHIIIMX K)'llQiB, TaMTemHiX MeiiiKaHQiB, Bi)J.BiB i3 co6o10 .n:o JIHTBH. XpecTouoc~i, BHCKO'IMBIIIH 3 TMX o6ox aaM01.1KiB, xoTiJIH :Horo nepeCJii.n.ysaTH, ane BiTosT, o6epH)'BWMCb, TaK M)'>I<Hbo a HHMM aiTKH}'BCa, 11\0 lle,D;Be BOHH BpHT)'BaJIHCSI BTe1.1e10. XpeCTOHOC~i BTeKJIM Ha3aA ,lJ;O

325

8-zunuthu.u UJ.I(JJ()y >i:ptCtnoHOC·

WJ.M, 6mil(

KHMrA II npyccii, BTpaTHBliiH see BiHCbKO. PoJrHiBaHHH BiTOBT, He HarHaBWH caMHX y noroHi, norpa6ysan Ta cnanus ixHi JaMOt.IKH. To.n.i BiTonT, npu6yswu .n:o JlHTBH 3 B'Sl3H.RMH Ta HeMaJIOIO 3.D:06Ht.It.IIO, .SIKY Ha6paB y JaMKaX xpeCTO· HOCUiB, 6yn BJJ..SiqHo npHHH.RTHMJlraHJIOM ncynepeq JJ.YMUi 3BnqaMHOfO puuapCTBa.

B IT 0 B T*, u

BeJIMKHH KH.SI3b JIHTOBCbKHM

P OK}' Eo)Koro 1392 BiTOBT, noKJIHKaHHH ia llpyccii cnoiM .n.noropiJJ.HHM 6paToM, KopoJieM .HrafuioM, cTaB BeJIMKHM KH.SI3eM JIHTOBChKHM i pychKHM. Kom1 niH .n:anan npHc.Siry Kopomo I

(c. 36)

i 3aKpinHB Qe piweHH.SI npHBiJie€M, TO BHCJIOBHB KOpOJIIO CBOJO BipHiCTb. iloTiM CKHprai:fJio if CnH.n:pHrai1Jio, MaiOt.IH co6i 3a o6pa3y, ~o BOHH, 6y.zzyt.IH KOpOJiiBCbKHMH pi.n;HHMH, 6yJIH Bi.n:.n;aneHi ni.n: KH.SI3iBCTBa, ni.n;H.SIJIHC.R C6uiJpuzai1.no

npoTH BiTonTa; a.Jie CnH.n:pnrai1Jio, 6ynwH HeMiQHoro cepQ.SI i1 CMJIH, BTiK 6mil( iJo zyecmo· .n:o npyccbKHX xpecTOHOCI.dn. 3 HHMH, Ha.JianiTonaHHMH npoTH BiTonTa, HOC!ji6 BiH \.!aCTO Hana,u.aB Ha JIHTBy; xpeCTOHOCQi B3.SIJIH .li:JI.R HbOfO y JIHTBH 3aMKH Cy-

XpeatWHOCyi

p3.)1(, fapTHH i CTpaMemo. CKHprai1Jio )1(, 6y~11 cMiJIHBiWHM Ta 6araTlliHM, Plum6y 3i6pan ia cyci.n:Hix nponiHQii1 nii1chKa i, 3a:i1monmH 3 BiToBTOM y nopo)I(He-

M10Hi}p!JI017U>

CJQJpzaitJio

no6cma8 npomu fJJimoBma

'l(opu6ym no8cma8

npomu 'Bimo8ma

fJJimo8m ;~onuS

?Q.ti8

qy, XOTiB MaTH 3 HHM cnpasy 3a KH.H3iBCTBO • .HraMJIO .li:JISI BTHXOMHpeHH.SI Qhoro 3Jioro HaMipy 3Hony np116yn .n:o JIHTBH if .n:an CKHprailnoni .n:e.SIKi OKpeMi KH.H3iBcTsa, .HK-oT: KpeMeHeQh, CTapo.n:y6 i TpoKH, QHM iloro i BTHxoMHpHn. npoTH BiTonTa nOBCTaB i iHWHM 6paT, KopH6yr. BiTOBT nepeMir iioro y noni i 3 KoponiBCbKoro .n:o3sony onono.n.in pycbKHMH KpaiHaMH, OpweiO Ta BiTe6chKOM; ry.n:H )f(, y BiTe6cbK, npHixanwH .n:o Hboro 3 nOKJIOHOM, KH.H3i onpyQhKi ( odruckie), CMOJISIHH Ta pychKi KH.H3i BHCJIOBHJIH HOMY CBOIO noKipHicTb. iloTiM BiTosT I I (c. 37) ni.n:KopHs cnoii1 nna.u.i )I(MTOMHP i cToJIHQIO pycbKHX KH.H3in KHiB, nMrHas pychKoro KH.H3.H Bono.n:11M11pa i, .HK o6iQ.SIB, .n:an ui MicTa y nono.n.iHHSI 6paTY CKHprailnosi. iloTiM CKHprailno 3axonHB l..JepKacM i13neHMropo.n., 3aMKH, .HKi Jie)f(aJIM Ha.n;,li,HinpoM 3a K11€BOM.

Cl(upzaii.na ompyeHo

Hen.n.os3i caM CK11prailno nolxan Ha noJIIOBaHH.H. Horo 3anpoc11n pycbKHH

qepHeQb, niKapi:H Ml-nponom·n a, y ceno, i TaM CKpHrailno 6yn OTPYEHHH neupu HanoEM. TaM )f(e B KH€Bi, y ni.n:3eMHHx Jiboxax, .HKi Ha3HBaiOTb neqepaMI1, BiH 6yn llHliJHO llOXOBaHHJ1. IJ;i neqepH € .HKHMI1Cb ni,ll.3eMHHMH rpoTaMH,

?Q.ti6cr.l(j

.n:e 3BH"'ai1Ho xonaiOTb pychKHX KHSI3iB. iloTiM BiTOBT nocTanHn Ha.n: KH.HHa'1Jimo8m 8o10f. PJIJQHCI>I{i

I(H.RJi8cm8o 'Bimo8m niiJ'(Ppu8 C.MOJIWCIJ~

I(H.IlJii3cm6o

MH KHSI3SI, O.ll:HOfO .AnbriMOHTOBOfO (AJgemundowego) CMHa; a CaM BeJII·IKY "'aCTHHY P.H3aHCbKoro KHSI3iBcTna Ha Pyci pyKaMH CeMeHa Ko3aKa, cnoro reTbMaHa, CllliiOH.ll:pynan i cnycTOWHB. B'lHHHBlliH Qe, niH nHpymHB ni.n: CMoJieHCbK, 3Bi,ll.KH BHrHaB fni6a, KHSI3.H Ui€I npoBiHUii, KOTpHI1 .n;yMaB ni}J.HSI· TH 6yHT, a iHmoro llOCTaBHB Ha ue Micue Ha.n: CMOJISIHaMH. Ty.n.u )f( )1.0 HhOfO npHIXaB Ha 3anpomeHHSI BeJIHKHH KHS13b MOCKOBCbKUH BacHJib, 6ys rpeq-

* ,[(Hn. i/\CHTliqlmH MMIOHOK y KH. I (C. 22 opnriua.ny).

326

KHHrA II HO n p lltllUITHi'i, 11\C)J.pO noqacTOBaHJn1 i ri/lHO npone/l.CHHi1. noTiM BiTOBT

'Bacrm~>, l•!tJCI(C10C&I(U

3aB!\.HKll CBO€MY r eThMaHy Anhrep.n.y (Aigcrda) nepeMir Tpu TaTapcbKi op.n.11

I(HJIJb,

i , no6mmm lxHix uapnKiB, 1.{11MaJIO o'.sr3HiB np11nin .n.o Jl~t~TBI-1.

npul.{_a(J Jo 'Bimo(}ma

TioTiM BiTODT nepeMir oii1cbKO ni)J.JI.HCbKoro KH.H3H, KopiaTonoro CHHa,

'BimofJm

3aKOJlOTHI1Ka Ha i M'.sr KiH)J.p aT, cxomrs i 1'1oro caMoro; niH ni.n.611n ni)J. cao10 poj6u6 mamap Bllally Epaunan, KaM'SIHCUb, CMoTpuq, CKany, '4epnoHMi1 fopo)J. i nee Tio.D.iJIJI.H, nKe noTiM BiMaB nollhChKOMY Kopomo ..Hrai1Jly. B uefl t.Jac rrpycchKi xpecTOHOC I~i qepe3 CoH.n.purai1Jia, SIKMi1 BTiK .n.o HMX, qacTo rrpoxo.n.xum

'Bimo6m

poJ6u6 no,'li.Jibc&I(SJW I(IUIJJl

BiHHOIO JlMTDY B3)].08)K i BnonepeK, CIIJIIOHJ~pyoan11 )l.e.HI<i MiC'fC"JJ<a H 3,lJ.0- Xpccm(JHOCI_!.i 6yBaJII1 BiJibHO, CTOJIHUJO BCbOfO KHSI3iBCTBa. 0)1.1-IaK ni)l. BiJibHO BOHI1 Hiqo- TUIHJHUp!JIOmb ro He a.n.i.RJIJ1, TOMY 6yJII1 3MyUieHi ai.n.cryrrMTI1. JlMTBa JK i3 TIOJISIKaMM y cno10 qepry o.n.epnaC.H )1.0 llpyccil i 3ailOtJ.i.HJia xpeCTOHOCLVlM Tai<OI )I( WKO)J,M, .HK

.7/.umBy

i BOHM JlHTBi. PoKy EoJKoro

1396

BiTOBT BMcTynMB npoTH TaTap, nepeMir lxH€

sii1CbKO 3a piKOIO BoJirOJo, 3a6pas .u.o JlMTBM KiJJhKa opll pa30M 3 .u.py)f(MHaMH Ta )l.iTbMH, n OCJiaB "'aCTMHy B'.H3HlB KOpOJIJO H naHaM KOpOHHMM, a iHUII1X noceJIMB Ha.D. piKOIO BaKOIO, 3a .n.si MHJii ai.n. BiJibHa, .n.aBUIM IM .n.ocTaTHbO 3CMJJi. BOHM TaM )f(MByrb i HMHi, 3 HHX B1111WJ1M )J,06pi H CTapaHHi fOCllOtJ.api , 3.D.aTHi .n.o 6010, RKi 36epernu .n.aBHJO MY)f(HiCTb. BoHM MaJOTb ai.n. csoix

9ToxJa 'BimoDma npomu mamap 'BimofJm noct11u6

mamap 9 J'l.umDi

npe.n.KiB MaroMeTaHCbKY peniri10, aiJihHO )f(HBYTh 3ri.n.Ho 3 Ha,D.aHHMM IM npaaaMu, pa3oM 3 JIMTBOJO BM3HaJOTb csoiM n aHOM nOJibCbKOro Kopon.H; BOHM MaJOTb TaKO)f( i CBOJO, 1103Ha"'CH)' apa6CbKMM 1111CbMOM KOpOrBy, ni)J, RKOJO ni.n.npaDJlSIJOTbCSI Ha niMH)' npoTM nopora KopOHM o6ox Hapo.n.ia.

(c. 38) HacrynHoro poey BiTOBT, 3i6paalllM ~e 6iJibllle si:HcbKa, cynpoTM soni

'Dp!JlUU no~JJ

Kopo;m u KoponeaM BHcrynua rrpoTH TaTap. 3 HMM BMPYllJHJIO 6araTo 3Ha"'-

'Bimo6ma

HOi pm.~apCbKOI MOJIO)J.i

npomu mamap

MHiMCUbKOI lliJISIXTM, crr'RHiJIHX Bi.ll. 6a)f(aHHR CJia-

BI1; TaM 6yno "'HMa.n:o i1 noJibCbKHX )J.o6poaoJibUiB. 3po6uaml1 nepenMc aii1chKa ni)J. KMEBOM, BiTOBT 6}'B cnoBHCHMM Ha)J.ii aa rrepeMory ti pym11B .lJ.O CKi<}>ii. Kon11 :>K aiH nepenpaBHBCR 1.1epe3 piKy Cyny, TO HaUii HCCTIO,ZdBaHO no6aqMJII1 BCJII1KY KiJibKicTb TaTap lli.l{ HaMeTaMI1. To.l{i BCJIHKHM TaTapcbKHM uapeM 6ya )I(OpCTOKHH TaMepnaH. BiH noXOJUIB 3 MaJIOrO po.zzy, aJIC 3aB)J,RKI1 IUaCTJO Ta,l{OCBi)l.yy BOEHHI-IX cnpasax TaK TIOCKJIHBC$1, ~0 MaB, KOJII1 XOTiB, ,l{BaHa,ZJ.l.($1Tb pa3iB 110 CTO THC$11.1 BiHCbKa. BiH nepeMir T}'PKiB, cxon11a ixHboro cynTaHa Ea113eTa, 1!KI1i1 TO.l{i CT011B ni.n. KoHCTaHTMHononeM, i B03I1B tioro a 30JIOTMX Kafl.l{aHax y 3aJii3HiH KJiiTQi no acii1 Aaii. To.l{i, poKY Bo)l(oro 1397, 3arMJ-~YJIO .l{BicTi THC11"1 rypKiB. 11oTiM ueti TaMepnaH Ha.l{3BHqafiHo mBH.l{KO 3aaoJOaaB i ni.l{KOpHB cso1i1 BJI~i 16e-

9h8i.JibHUI(

!JJ[a.MepnaHa -

mypefJbi(JliJ. cymnaH.

'East;em

pi10, AJI6aHilo, BipMeHiJO, TiepciJO, MeconoTaMiiO, Aai10 Ta €runeT i HanoeHMB aecb csiT cTpaxoM ceoro iMeHi. 11oaepTaJOc1! .l{O TeMH. Konn BiTOBT

'Bimo8ma

BX<e nepenpaBHBC$1 qepe3 piKH CyJI}' Ta 11cen i s'ixas 3i csoiM siflcbKOM y

po;6umo

.l{HKi Ta-rapcbKi rroJI11, TO :Horo nepecTpis 3ri.a.uo 3 uaKa3oM TaMepnaHa E,Qnra- uai1M}'X<HilllHH 3 TaMepn.aHoaux reTbMaHiB 3 A06ipHI1M eiticbKOM. BHTay, He3BCl)KaJOqH Ha 6iJibmi BTpaTH, BHrpaJIH TaTapH. JIK6H WJI$1XCTHe JlHTOBCbKC pH.l\apCTBO He 6yJio OTO"'eHe nepeaCUKaJOqMMH CHJiaMH noraH, TO

327

KHHrA II ixHH MYiKHicTb 3~oJia.na 6 ocTaHHix. Ane <PopryHa MiHJIMBa, oco6JIMDO np11 SIBHO HepiBHMX CMJiaX, KOJIH O}tHa CTOpOHa He MaJia ni,nKpiruieHb Ta HaJJeiKHOI CHJIM, a .npyra ~iHJia y csoEMY Kpmo. To,ni sopor nepeMir. Y L\bOMY 3MaraHHi flOJISifJIO H HaUnfX, HeXaM BOHH 6y,nyrb CJiaBHOIO Ta siqHQIO naM'SITTIO HaMMMJiimiif siTqM3Hi, ,naif, Eo>Ke, iM siqHMM cnoKiM. U.e HacaMnepe.n 3 JlMTBM KopoJiiBCbKi 6paTH AH,npiii, ,llMMTpo ii Kop116yr, a 3 HMMH,nes'HTb JIMTOBCbKMX KHH3iB.

3 noJISIKiB >Ke- KpaKiBCbKHH noEso,na CnHTKO 3 MeJib-

lliTMHa, WIOL\bKMM BOEso,na Coxa, sapwascbKHH BOEBO,na lliJiiK, Bapc11yc 3 Mixanosa, RH fJiosaq 3 Eoryma Ta 6araTo iHIIIMX. TioJIHrJio TilM i pycbKoro pHL\apcTna, ri,nHoro cJiaBHOi naM 'SITi. B3arani, HalliHX MaJIO mo BTeKJio. BiTosT, MeJrbwmu~t·

sqHHHDliJH see, mo Mir, BTiK Ha 3anacHHX KOHSIX 3 OcTpoporoM Ta lllaMory-

Cbi(JlU-

ziihtuu JIOIO. TIOJIHK MeJiblliTMHCbKHM, xoq i Mir BTeKTM, sKpHB ce6e 6e3cMepTHOIO CJia· na.M '.Rmi BOlO. BiH nosepJ-IYBCSI i s,nap11s y ryuzy soporis, py6as IX, 6MB, BaJIHB. A noKJiaB-

~ttyx,

lliH t.{HMa.no IX nepe.n co6oro, i caM Ha lxHix TiJiax HaBiK 3acHys,

(c. 39)

,no,naBlllH6e3cMepTHOI naM'SITi ~oMoBi ii JHaqHOCTi CBOEM)' po,z:r:y. '.8imc6m 8J5113

lloTiM poKy 1403 BiToBT oroJIOCMB siiiHy JaKOJIOTHHKaM CMOJISIHaM i 3

C/tf.OJIUICbl(.

.nonoMoroiO nOJI.SIKiB onoJio~is lxHiM 3aMKOM, no~oJiasnn:l seJIHKi TPYAHou(i. ,llo L\bOfO 3aMKf CMOJI.SIHH Bi,nnpaBHJIM BCiX ,npy)KHH, ,niTeif Ta CBOI CKap6H. Ti 6araTCTBa, SIKi TaM 6yJIM 3Hai1,neHi, si~icllaB qacTKOBO KopolleBi Rrai1Jiy ,ZJ.O lloJibll.\i, qacTKOBO po3,niJIMB cepe.n )KOBHipin Jri~Ho 3 lxHiMH JacnyraMM. lloTiM niH B3.SIB iHllli JaMKM CHllOio i1 nepeTsopHB KHH3iBCTBO Ha nposim..t:iiO.

'Bimo6m .McmumbCJl

zyecmc· H.OCwz,M

TMM qacoM ~o JlHTBH s.n.ep1IMC.H iH<f>JI.SIH~CbKi xpecTOHOCI..t:i. KoJIM BOHM nosepTaJIHCSI Ji J,no6HqtiiO, lx HaJ~orHaB no csi)KMX Clli,ZJ.ax BiTOBT: lx caMMX BiH p03rpOMMB, 3A06Mq Bi,li.i6paB, B3AOB)K i BnonepeK CflJIIOH,li.pysaB CKpiJb ixHi KpaiHH, cnanro10q11 cella i MicTa, cnycTOlllHB lx CHJihHillle, Hi>K xpecToHOCL\i JlHTBy. BiH CMJIOIO OBOJlO,li.iB i CflaJIMB IXH€ MiCTetiKO ,.UyHeM6ypr i3 JaMKOM, ll.\0 Jle)f(aJIO H~ piKOIO ,llBiHOIO, a CaM 3 BeJIMKOIO 3,no6Mllt.{JO TIOBepHYBC.H ,li.O JlMTBM.

XpecmOH.oq~i

tUI.IOH.i}p!JIOmb J'lum8y

Hes,nos3i xpecToHond, 3 O,li.Horo 6oKy npyccbKi, 3 .npyroro - iH¢mm,nCbKi, cnoHyKaHi BTiKatieM CBHApMr al'rJIOM, s,nepJIMC..H ,no JlHTBM ii cnJIIOH,npysanH6iJihlllY 11 qacTHHf. lloTiM Kopollb Rraiillo Ta BiTOBT, 3MHJIOCTI1BHB-

C8uJpuuuJ.M 8mi l(.uo

llll1Cb Ha,l{ 6i,ZJ.HOIO BiTtiM3HOIO, flOKJIMKaJIH 3 llpycciJ BHrHaHQ.H, CDOfO 6paTa Cm1.n.pi1raiiJia, :H ,ZJ.aJIM i1oMy y BOJIO,ll.iHH..H ITo,niJibCbKY KpaiHy. O,li.HaK CnM-

'Moc1(96ii ,npMrai11Io, JIIOAHHa Jyxnana, ni,ncrym-Ia J;i Hen,n.HtiHa, 30BCiM He ,ZJ.6an npo QIO

KopoJiiBCI>KY .n.o6poTy, a JanaJIMBIUM JaMKH , HKi TPHMaB Ha Pyci, BTiK ,noneJIHKOro MOCKOBCbKOfO KH.H3.H BaCMJI.H. 'Bimolhn nJZ 10niJpye

9v(OCI({JlJiiO

PoKy

1406

BiTODT, 3a6e3neqHBllll1 B3aEMHO 3 xpecTOHOCL\.HMH MHp,

<f>opcysas piKy Yrpy i1 nonpHMysan .n.o MocKBH qepe3 MOCKOBCbKoro KHHJ.SI, KOTpMi1, HaMOB1IeHHI1: CsH,npHrai1JioM, B,ll.epc..H ,no JIMTOBCbKMX 3eMeJib, rpoMJI.HtiMIX, ,ne TiJibKM Mir. ToMy BiTODT, cnoHyKaHMi'I Kpnn,noro, HiTpoxH He Ja.n.yMyiOt.~HCb, ni,nnJiaTHB i1o My TMM caMHM, noo6,nnpan, norpa6ynas Ta nonaJIMD y3,nOD)K i snonepeK MOCKOBCbKi BOJlOCTi i nosepHyBc.H ,no JhrTnn 3 BeJlHKOIO Ta He3JiiqeHHOIO 3,lJ.06111-ItiiO. PiK llOTOMY BHCrynMD Ha I.J.IO IK nii'IHy npOTM MOCKOUCbKOfO KIU13.H me 3 6iJibliiOIO CMJIOio, y 'lJOMY i1oMy JHatiHO JJ.OTIOMarami il noJmKu, ,ne u~o .nono-

328

KHHrA II MOrJlll i xpecTOHOCL\i. TaM, ue MaiOYH )I<O.LJ.HOro onopy. uiH nonycTorm1n BJAOB)K i unonepeK MOCKOB(bKi Kpa'iHI1 a)K 11.0 CaMOJ pi101 0Kll. BiH XOTiB iTn i1 3a 0Ky, a;re i ioro 6paT Cuu.n.purai1)]o, 11.\0 nTiK 11.0 MocJ<UH, He 11.an iioMy nepenpannTHOI. TyAn noc;ran AO Hhoro ne)]HJ<l111 MOCI<ODCbKJ1M KHHJb B aCI1)]b, npoc.SI"YH nepeMup'.H.

Ha u.e, AO CJiyrnHoro 1.1acy 1'1 Ha nenHHX yMonax,

'Bimo8m JHOfl!J

nJIKIItiJpye 9.-(oci(JJIJiiO 5\(oocptJc~> ·

l(!lU (1\.HllJII)

npocumb nrpomp )I

i npHcTaB BiTOBT. Y Toii 1.1ac, K0)]11 BiTonT nycTOlllHB MOCI<OBChKi I<paiHJ1, i1oro 6paT

y '1Jimo8ma 'l(ppu6ym

Kop116yT, He si,D.aJOl.IH 11.06pe npo nepeMI1p'.H I I (c. 40) xpecToHoCido 3 BiTOBTOM, 3i6pan Tpoxa )J.06poBOJibU.iB 3 Jll1Tfil1 i1 pyci, Hanan Han pycciJO,

npycci10

nmo11 Op!JE

TPH JaMOl.IKI1 i1 ,ll.OBKOJIHWHi nonocTi CHJibHO noo6Ar1p an, norpa6ynan i, 3ana.JIHBWH, noaepHyac.H 3 aeJIHKOJO 3.LJ.06W·I'YJO ,D.O J]HTBH. Ko)]H xpecTo-

XpecmoHocy,i

Hocu.i )J.OBi.LJ.a.JIMC.SI npo u.e, TO He npHHMaJO"YH np111.111H HeJnaHHSI KopH6y-

nJII01tOpy10mh .9lum6y

Ta npo nepeMMp'.H, y CBOIO 'Yepry "Yepe3 nOTaEMHi MiCU..SI Halla.JIM 11a Jli1TBy. BoHM cnJIIOHApysaJIM Ta cnanum1 MicTe'-IKO BoJIKOBMHCbK y CRRTMH ;~eHb, KOJIM JIJO,ll.H 3iHlllJIMCR ,ll.O KOCTbOJiy, 3a6pa.JIH 3 C060IO B HeBOJIIO 6araTbOX JIJO)J.ei%. KoJIM BiToaT npo u.e AOBi)J.aBC.H, 6y.LJ.y"YM 3a ciM MMJib Bi.LJ. BoJIKOBMHCbKa, 3 iHworo 6oKy Hanas Ha TipycciJO i1 JaB)J.aB xpecTOHOCU..HM TaKol )K lllKO)J.M. ,l(MBHO, 1.1\0 BOHH He 3iHlllJIMCst ,lJ,JI.SI 6HTBI1 B TIOJii , a nycTOWMJIM CBOi KpaiHM, l.IMHJil.IM B3a€MHi IIIKO,lJ,H. PoKy 1425 BiToBT, ni,nTsepAHBIIIM nepeMHp'R 3 xpecTOHOCU.RMH,

'Bimolhn .Mcmumb zyecmo· HOcgR.}ot

!Tkl(pfJum.JlHU

Giih(yno·

3i6pas l.IHMa.Jie siikhKO 3 JlHTBH i1 11oJihiiii, no"YaB sii1Hy npoTM ncKOBMTRH,

8ylombC.Jl.

KoTpi KYTIHJIH MHP u.iHoJO He311il.leHHHx cKap6is. Pol<)' 1428, Bl.IHHHBIIIH BHI.l.\e3ra)J.aHe, siH BMcrynHB ni.D. cyciAHii1 11cKo-

6iJ 'Bimo8ma

sy Hosropo,n. U:e 6yJio siJibHe KHR3iBCTBO. Hosropo.D.u.i

'BimoSm 8JJt8 :Jfo8zopoo

)1(,

He BHRBJJRJOl.IH

)KO.LJ.HOi sopo)KHetii 11.0 BiTOBTa, o<PipyaanH i1oMy csoe ni.n.D.aHCTBO i1 mepoKy CTO THCSI'l q e pBOHHX 30JIOTHX .LJ.O JIHTOBCbKOfO CKap6y, JIK TIHIIIe BaTIOBCbKHH. Pol<)' 1429 CHri3MYH.D., KOp011b pHMCbKHH Ta yropcbKHH, KHHYB KiCTKY BOpO)KHe"'i Mi)K nOJibCbKHM KOpOJieM JlraMJIOM Ta MOfO 6paTOM, JIHTOB-

P!LMCbi(J.liJ

l(ppOIIb

CuziJM!JHa

CbKHM KHR3eM BiToBTOM. U:e 6yJio TaK. BiTOBT, 6a"!a"'H.LJ.BOX Hai.Ua)J.KiB Jlrai1- JHOCUtnbe.Jt J 'BimoiJnw.M. Jia, BJia)J.HCJiasa ii KaJHMHpa, 6oRBCR, mo6 JlMTOBCbKe KHR3iBCTBO He nepeiinuiO JJ.O :U.MX noJibCbKHX KopoJieBHl.liB, myKaB pa.LJ.H ii cnoco6y, RKHMH 6 Mir OTpHMaTH JlHTOBCbKe KH.H3iBCTBO B .niJJ.HU.TBO. BiH 3BepHyscR y :u.iii cnpasi 11.0 pHMChKoro Ta yropcbKoro KopoJIR CHri3M)'HJJ.a, JIKHM HeHaBHAiB KopoJIR, 6o TOR He .D.OnoMaraB HOM)' B 6MTBax npoTH soporis. KopoJib CH- X1Miji .RI(OiJuH

ri3M)'H.D., MaJOqH 3 BiTosToM TaEMHY po3Mosy mo.LJ.o :U.horo, o6iu.Rs HOM)' no- Ht 6rUJ6Hi KJionoTaTHCR npo KopoHy JlHTOBCbKoro KopoJiiBCTBa i1 CKJJHKaB cei1M y ;uvzu8i Jlyu.bK)', nycTHBWH noroJioc, mo xoqe TaM cTnopHTH )J.JIR lloJibCbKoi, JlHTOBCbKOi i YropcbKOi 11.ep)l(as a.HTHrype:U.bK}' Jiiry. J.lrai%Jio, He 3HaJO"'H, mo .LJ.i€TbCJI, aa npoxaHHR KopoJI.H CHri3MfH~a np11ixas Ha ~ei% ceiiM 11.0 Jly:u.bKa, BiTOBT )Ke - 3ri.LJ.HO 3i 3MOBOJO. CHri3MfH.D. nepw 3a ace BHroJioCHB .LJ.OB-

ry npOMOBy, llOl.JaBIIIH 3 TOfO, 1.1\0 BciM 6y11.e BeJIHKa KOpHCTb, JIKmo BHfHaTH M0.1IJJ.aBCbKOrO 80€BOAY 3 MOfO BiMCbKOM, a HOfO rocno~apCTBO 3aCeJIHTH 11.06p11MH .niO~bMH: noJIJIKaMH, pycc10 ii yropU.HMH. A :u.e ToMy, mo MO,MasaHH He ~OTpHM)'IOTbCJI BipH, )KHBfTb rpa6i)KHHQTBOM. llOJibCbKHH KOpOJib

329

no.I!JU(a.M

KHHrA II CKa3aB, II.tO iM TaKOfO qMHMTM He CJii~, 60 MOJI,ll,aBaHM € ni,ll,,ll,aHHMM noJibCbKOro KopoJiiBCTBa. JIKII.tO )K 3Haii,neTbCfl 3 HHX O,li,MH a6o I I (c. 41) 'BinwOm KiJihKa 3pa,n:HMKiB, TO HeC.1l)'lUHO qepe3 ~e KapaTH scix. 06JIMUIHB111H ~e. CH6ymu

~em

ri3M)'H,ll, fOBOpMB, U~06 llOJibCbKMH KOpOJib ,li,03BOJIMB JIHTOBCbK)' KOpOHaQiJO Xumpa piWa csoro 6paT3 BiTonT3, .RKMM e CJI3BHMM, ne.ne csiii pi.n i3 xpucTH.RHCbKHX CuziptyHaa KH.R3iB. 3 QbOfO KOpOJih MaB 611 oeJIMKY qecTb i noMiti npOTH KO)KHOro 80pora. BiTOBTOBi UH cnpasa cno,l.(o6an3Ch, JlraHJiosi 3 noJIHKaMM He .n)"Ke. qe1\.PPOM.M

!TfoA.JI'(Jl

o6cpe3KHi 8 ycr.oMy 'DapUIHUU ;aily)t '1Jinw6ma

peal.\e UOJibCbKi naHM CKa3a.JIM CBO€MY KOpOJIIO, ut06 BiH .ny)Ke paHO BMJX3B reTb. RraiiJio TaK i B"'HHI1B, a BOHM TaM 3a.JIMlliHJIHch; yxsanMJIH Mi)K co6mo, Ul06 3 O,lJ,HOfO 6oKy UOCJiaTH ,lJ,O nanM 33 HOfO .ll:03BOJIOM Ha JlHTOBCbKe KOpoJiiBCTBO. A.Jie nOJI.RKH Ji csoro 601<y Te)l< nocJianH .n:o n3nH, I..Q06 niH H3 I.(e He npHCT3BaB, 6o JlHTBa o6 'e.n:HaHa 3 KopoHOIO ilOJibCbKOIO. nana, 3a6opOHSIIOqH (.n.aB3TH BiTosry) JIHTOBCbK}' Kopmry, noCJI3B Ji csoiM noCJioM TPM 6y."'mt: O.ZJ.HY- yropcbKOMY Kopomo CMriaMfH.ny, .npyry- BiTosry, TpeTIOnOJibChKOMY Kopomo, II.t06 lxaJIM .no qexis T3 BHKopiHIOBa.JIH ceKry fyca i i1.oro noCJii.n.osHHKa )J(H)KKH. O.n.HaK CnriJMYH.D. ceKpeTHO .n:o6usc.H Toro, qoro xoTiB ni.n. OTQ.R, nann, ,n:JI.R BiTonTa, Ha JHaK qoro cneQiaJihHO nocJias

'Binw8m no.Mep

36u'lai '1Jimo8ma

iioMy Cll0tJ3TKY 30JIOTOrO ,ll,paKOHa, llOTiM )Ke MaB npHCJiaTH H KOpoHy. KopoJio, 3po3yMiBlllM ~e. HaKa3aB no3HaHCbKOMY ni.nKoMopiro .HHY qapHKOBCI>I<OM}' qarynaTM Ha ncix lliJI.Rxax Ha iMnepaTopcbKHX nocJiiB. Hes.n.os3i TOM nepexonHB iTanii1.:uSI, .ZJ.OKTopa EanTHCTY U:irani (Baptyste Cigalla) iif HiMQSI CMriJMYH.ZJ.a PoTa (Roth) 3 JIMCTaMH, n KOTpHx 6yJio HanMcaHo, mo nolllJie .no JlHTBM,n:ni KopoHH, o.n.Hy- BiTonry, .npyry- iioro .n:py)KJ1Hi IOJJiaHi. B r~Hx JmcTax Te)K 6yJio ni.nTnep.n)KeHH.R lxHbOI aHTMnOJibChKoi JJiru, T06TO npycciB, Jll1TBM, iHq)JISIH.D,I.(iB T3 yropu;iB. iloJISIKM 3po3yMinM ii CeHC, TOMY Haii3HatJHillli lx naHM, oco6J[MBO KpaKiBCbKMM noeso.n.a i1 cTapocTa CeH.n3inoti OcTpopor, no3HaHChKMi1 KalliTeJJHH .LI.o6porocT i3 illaMoryn, iHOBpou,JiaBCbKHM BO€Bo.n:a Rpa.n. 3 Epy.n.3ena, .RK naTpioTM pi.n.Hoi Peqi no. cnoJIMToi, TYT )Ke ~o6pouiJJhHO nMcrynHJJM. BMHlllOBlllM B noJie, BOHM CTaJIH Mi)K Jiic3MM, .ne Typon3 ropa, II.J,o6 cxonMTM nocJiiB 3i 3ra.D,3HMMH KopoHaMH. Ui nocJIH xoTiJJM ix3TM 3 I<opoHaMM .n:o JlMTBM qepe3 npyccbK}' 3CMJIIO, a.JJe KOJJM ,lJ,OBi.D,a.JJMCb npo llOJI.RKiB, }]Ki H3 HMX 'l3TYBMH, TO, He 6a)f(310'll1 Hap33MTJ1CSI H3 He6e3neKy, noBepHyJJHCSI ~o iMnepaTop3 CnriJMyH).(a s Yrop~nHy. BiTonT, noqyslllM u;e, 3 Bi,ll,'l3IO 3axuopin i noMep B TpoKax y )KOBTHi 1430 pOKf. ITepe~ cMepTro siH npocMB KopoJISI BM63'lMTM i1oMy sci npoBMHM, I<a)KyqM, Jlf.O npH"'MH3 IX 6yJia Hey HbOMy (BiTOBTi), a B iHUlHX JJIO~Rx. BiH npoc11n iioro TaKO)K npo JlHTBy, n~o6 He 3MiHIOBaB l.lH noripmynan icHyiO'lMX ycT3Bin Ta ,u.aHMH. BiH, .HK i Ha.JJC)KI1Tl> .n:o6poMy xpucTnRHHHy, BHC110Di,U.3BC.H i, npHMH.RBllll1 .LJ.apH foCnO,lJ,Hi, IlOMep, M310"1M llOHa)J. 80 poKiB. PoKy 1430 niH 6yn noxonaHHH KopoJJeM i3 nJia'leM acix mo,uei1 y BiJJhHi. I I (c. 42) Ue 6yn naH qyi1HMH i neJIMI<oro po3yMy, noMipKonaHm1 y I)Ki Ta nMTTL BiH He nMB HitJoro, I<piM no~11, .n:o iHo3eM~is 6ya JJaci<aBilllui1, Hi)K ~o cnoix; 6yn HeBMCoKoro 3pocry i1 u.r.ynJIMil TiJIOM, 6opo.ny romm, HiKonH He B1·1 Tpa'l3B 'l3CY M3pHo; 33 o6i.n:oM npMiiMan noco)[bCTB3, nic)[SI o6i.n:y )f( 3ai1MaBCR }lKMMOCo iHlllHMH cnpanaMM. Eys npHxlfnl>HHM .n:o BeHepH,

330

KHMrA II O~HaK He Mas ~iTeH Di~ CBOIX ~BOX ~PY:>KHH. IliCJHI iioro CMepTi .D.PYiKHHa

XOTiJia ~aTH ,lJ.O KOCTbOJia KJieHHO,ZJ;H, aJie noTiM ,n.a.na ce6e BMOBHTH H3a.JIHWHJia lx np11 co6i. KiHHHH nopTpeT BiTODTa, naMa.nbosaHMH3a rpeU.bKMM as.11qaeM no-cTapocsiTCbKM, i HHHi MOiKHa 3Hai1TH y BinbHi.

C B l1 ,l1; P l1 f A

tf JI 0,

JIHTOBCbKMH KH.H3h

rmHo noxosasm.l1 BiToBTa y BiJieHCbKoMY 3aMK}', noJibCbKHM Koponb .Hralino nocTaBHB Ha,n; JlHTOBCbKOIO .n.ep)l{asoro csoro pi.n.Horo 6paTa Cs.11.n.pHraiina, ~o 6ys .n.soropi,nHHM 6paTOM BiTosTa. I...:(e 6ys qoJIOBiK 3anaJibHHH, Henoc~iHHHM, HeHaiKepJI.11BHH n' HHIU~.H. Ilo6a'liHBlliH ~e, .n.eHKi nory)I{Hi KopoHHi CMHH, I I (c. 43) oco6JIHBO fpH~bKO Kep.n.eiioBH'll, e.n.op (Theodoryk), MHxaiino My)I{HJIO (Muzylo), 6paTH a By·qaqa, KpymHHa a fonosa (Kruszyna z Golowa) Ta iHmi, nparHyqH .n.o6pa csoi:H MHJii:H siTqnaHi, ni.n.C'rynHJIH ni.n. KaM'.HHelJ.b i nocJiaJIH .no KaM'.HHeU.bKoro cTapocTH ,ll.oarep.n.a (Dawgerda), .HKHH 6ys BiJieHCbKHM soeao.n.oro, a TO,ni si.n. iMeHi BiTOBTa Kep}'BaB yciM no.n;iJIJI.HM. BoHH BHMaraJIH, mo6 BiH, KOTPHH me He 3HaB npo c~epTb BiTosTa, su:Hmos .no H.I1X i3 3aMKY 3a,zvi.H Hesi.n;KJia,n:Hoi noTpe6H Pe·q:i IlocnoJIHToi. KoJIH )I{ siH TaK BqHHHB, To BOHH :Horo cxonHJIH i 3B'.H3aJIH, a TaKi 3aMKH, .HK KaM'HHeU.h, CMoTpH'l, CKaJia :H qepBOH:HH fopOJ( npHEJ(HaJIH ,no IlOJibCbKOI 3eMJii Ha iM•.H fiOJibCbKOrO KO-

poJI.H, 3Haqny 'laCTHHf Ilo,niJI.n.H BOHH JierKO o6epnyJIH y CBOIO IOpHC,lJ;HKU.iiO, 11{06 BOHO Ha,nani He HaJie)KaJIO J(O JlHTOBCbKOI ,nep)l{aBH. 3 U.bOrO qacy

!1TOJUJQ£

mpu.Auuomt> 6i.trt>wg

Ilo.l(iJIJI.H e ni.n.nopH.n.KoBaHHM IloJibCbKoMy KopoJiiBCTBy. KoJIH npo u.e 'UUmuHy !llow.M .Zd3Hasc.H CsH.n.pHraH.no, JIIOJ(HHa nerKOBa)I{Ha i1: 3anaJibHa, TO, 3a6ysmH npo C8uJpuzaiiAo .n.o6po.n.iiicTBa KOpOJI.H, CBOrO 6paTa, Hanas Ha HhOrO i DO'IaB Bi~KpHTO J41UUt>HJU1

331

KHHrA II Jlzaii.Jr.o Jrf~U

y Kt6tJnt~,Si

'l.J[my-ma

,upe8aza iJ8o~ MAAI(f./J

Xumpuu 11ucm C6im11o J 8oci(Jf

!JJTapM !JJTonop

'Ea6a cniii.MaHuii

'Eum8a Jlzaii.!la

Ji C6uiJpu· zaii.!lo.!rt

ceui>puzau· 110 6yHmy~

'Eum6u Ji C8uiJpu· zaii.!lo.lrt

JICUITH, copoMHTH i1 norpo)K)'BaTH MOM)', KaJKyqn: «TM, Kopomo, 3 BiTOBTOM TPMMaB MeHe 9 poKiB y n'H3HMQi, H6yn y BiTOBTa y KaM'HHQi y n'H3HMQi, aJie BTiK 3 Hei. 3a Qe H Mir 611 T06i Bi~nJiaTMTM, i HKmo TM MeHi flo~iJIJIR H KaM 'HHQH He nonepHeW, TO H Te6e 3Bi~CM He BMnyuzy, a DOC~)~()' ~0 B'513HMQi». TaKO)K norpo*ynaB i uoro npM~BopHMM noJIRKaM. qepe3 Qe B)Ke 6yno CKpiab po3rOJIOWeHO B cyci~HiX KOpOJiiBCTBaX i y nanM, Hi6HTO TIOJibCbKOro KopoJIR uoro 6paT CnM~pHrai1no noc~MB y n' H3HHQIO. ToM}' nana noCJian ~0 JlHTBM JIHCTH, I.U;06 DOJibCbKMH KOpOJib 6yB ni~ npHCHfOIO 3BWbHeHm1. TioJIHKM Te* B)Ke 6yn11 roToBi qepe3 Qe BMCTfDMTM npoTH JIHTBM. Koponh .Hrauno, nparHy'IM YHMKHYTM ycKJia,n.HeHb, Bi~npaBMB cnoro npM.n;nopHoro Tapna Tonop'IMKa i3 meKaJKOBiQb 3 JIMCTaMM y KaM'HHel(b .n;o MMxauJia Ey'lal(bKOro, cynopo HaKa3yiO'IM, m:o6 UhOM)' JIMTBHHY MHxaMnosi Ea6i, RKMM 3 HMM ixaB, .n;aB y BOJIO~iHHR CBM~pHrai1ny KaM, HHeQb Ta no~iJIJIH . Ane AH~*eM 3 TeH'IMHa M MHKOJiaM ,n)KeBMUbKMM, .n;na 3Ha'IHMX noJIRKH, n HKHX 6yna KoponincbKa neqaTKa, cnoHyKaHi JII06on '10 ~o 6aTbKiBI.U;HHH, HanHcaJIH ni.n; ce6e iHwi JIMCTM, 3aJiinMJIH y BOCKOBY cniqy M ~aJIM nocnoni Tapny. BoHM HaKa3aJIM MOM)'. ~o6 ~aB ue.M BicK Ey'laQbKOM)'' KOTpMM 6yn y KaM 'RHui CTapOCTOIO, a6o )K KaM' HHeQbKMM Mi~aHaM, ycHO CKa3aB IM, ~0 KOJIM BOHH He XOqyTb 3a6JI}'KaTH, TO HeXaM wyKaiOTb CBiTJia y BOCK)' ( CBiqui); y JIMCTax )Ke ronopHnocH, II.(O Koponb MYCHB ,AaTH (Tio~iJinR) a npMMycy, a He 3 ~o6poi soni, ~o6 yHMKHY™ n'R3HMQi. Hi npo LI.J.O He 3HaiO'IM, Tapno 3 .n;o6pmo sipo10 see B'IMHMB. BiH BiMaB EyqaQbKoMy JIMCTa i TOM sicK ia QMMM CKaaaHMMH MOM)' CJIOBaMM. Eyt.IaQbKHM po3JIOMHB nicK, a B HbOM)'- JIMCTM. TaM )Ke o6ox, i Tapna, i MMxaiina Ea6y, noca~HB ~o n'R3HMQi, a aaMOK He Bi)UJ;aB. Y ueH: *e qac .HraH:no sulxas 3 JlHTBM. floJIRKM, nocTepirwu BHna~oK 3i CBOIM KOponeM, HanHCaJIH M TIOCJiaJIM HKHaMWBH)I.llle JIHCTM 3 noWTOIO. CnH,npMraH:Jio, 3i6panwM BiMcbKO, I I (c. 44) pymMB .no flo,niJIJIR, a MOM)' .Hrai1no 3i csoiM siMCbKOM Ta no,noJIHHaMH nepeKpMB lllJIRX. PoKY 1431, B ,neHb CB. ManrO)KaTM, 6iJIR JlyQbKa, ,ne TiJibKH nicm1 repQiB BOHM yKJiaJIM nepeMHp 'H ~0 rpOMHMQb. Hen~onai nicm1 Taro Koponb npHixan 3 XonMa ,no CaH~OMHpa Ha ceH:M, Ha HKOMy, I<OJI11 MOBa 3aHlliJia npo CBM~pMraMJia, TO li.(e 6iJibllle HalllHX po3'.siTpHJio, LI.J.O niH 3axon11n ~e.s~Ki 3aMKH Ha flo,AiJIJii i13~o6ysan CMoTpwq, xoqa TaM Hami 3 raHb60IO i1oro 3Bi,D.TM nporHanH. 0.AHaK niH noTiM po36i:H:HHt.IaB CKpi3h 6iJISI Tepe6onni Ta Jlbnona, nocTiMHO Hana.nan Ha 36apa)f(, KpeMeHeQb Ta OnecbKO. qepe3 ue BOHM xoTiJIM poanoqaTM nii:my npoTH Hboro. An.e Koponh 3a6opoHHB IM Qe M pa,n.11n cKopime nocnaTH ,u.o Hboro, ~o6 niH nonepHyn no~iJibCbKi 3aMKH. CnH,npHraH:Jio )K He TiJihKM He xoTiB ix nosepTaTH, a M ,noMarancSI nchoro flo,nimiH. floTiM Koponh, nolxanwH ,u.o Eet.Ia, roTysancSI,no BiMHM npoTH Cnn,npHraMJia. flpM6ynmH ni.n fopo.n;no, BiH p03TawynaBCSI Ta6opOM Hap; piKOIO nyrOM, ~e CTO.siB 12 )I.HiB, t.IeKaiOt.IH Ha BeJIMKOllOJIHKiD, HKi DOBiJibHO pyxanMCb i t.IMHHJIH ni)J. qac noxop;y DeJIHKi mKo~w. BpemTi KoponiBCbKe niMCbKO nepenpaBHJIOCb qepea Gyr, 11.e i1oMy 3 micThMa THCSit.IaMM KiHHOTH neperopo,D.I1B UIJISIX CnH.n.piuaH:no. TaM niH Man 3 HaWMMM KiJibKa cyTMqOK, ane nci nporpan. To.Ai 6y;JO B6HTO pycb-

332

KHHr A II Koro KH.st3H CeHhKa i't 6araTLOX iHUJIIX s6wro a6o B3HTO n noJioH; I<opoJib 83H8 i cnamm 3aMOK BoJIO.Ul1MI1p. TMM qacoM ni.niihliJIH neJJHKonoJJHKM, HKMX KopoJJh nucoap11n, UJ.O DOHM TaK noniJihHO np116ynaJI11. Bci KI1HYJIHC51 BnJian 3a Csu.np11rai1noM qepe3 rJIM60KY pii<y CT11p 3 BHCOKHMH 6eperaMH, HKa 6i>KHTh ni.n JlyU.LI<. MocTy >K He 6yJio qepe3 Te, 1.1..(0 M:oro 3pyi1HYnas 3a

C8uJpuzai1M 8mil(

co601o Cuu.np11raiino, HKI1i1, nTiKaiOl.JM, caM MaJIO He 3ar11Hyn. Hawi .nyMaJIM, 1.1..(0 niH 3anfHyu, 6o Mi>K iHlllOIO 3)1.0611'-Il.JIO 6yJio 3Hai1,ueHo i1 npMHeceHO .no KopoJIH 1'1oro 3aKpi1nanJieHHH nepxHii1 o.nfCr. 13i.n >KaJIIO 3a CnM,upMrai1JIOM KopoJIL a>I< 3anJiaKan. 3arMHyno i1 l.JHMa.rro nOJUIKiB, KOJU1 lx TaTapM CnH.npHrai1Jia rHaJII1 i3 co6o10. Ue- HKy6 3 Porona, HKy6 JlireH3a, feHpiK TiaKOCJiaochintM:, 3ynic;Jaa Cypau.hi<Hi1, a RKy6 KoMoponchKMi1 Ta OasJio 36o>KeBChKMH ne.nne BHJJiKYBaJIMCfC. B Qei1: >Ke qac non51KI1 oTpHMaJIH i1 .npyry nepeMory Ha,zJ, CnH,npiuai1JIOBl1M oi?'JCbKOM, 51Ke BOIOBaJIO oeJJ3bKY 3eMJIIO. Ty.n11 6yn nocJiaHHi1 Ma3oBeU.bKHJ:i KHH3h Ka3HMHP 3 pycbKHM cTapocToiO RHOM MeH>KMKOM BeHHBl.JMKOM Ta micTbMa TMCHl.JaMH sii1CbKa. Ba)KaJOl.JM co6i 3apa,nMTl1, CnM.npMraiiJio np11.nyMan JJMCT ni.n TaTapcbKOro xaHa .no KoponH, 1.1..(06 ocTaHHii1.nan M11p Tio.niJIJIIO, 51Ke niH no.napynan CnH.npMrai1:-

Xumpicmb

C8uiJpuzni1Aa

JIOBi. KoJIH >K CnH.npHrai1Jio no6al.JHB, 1.1..(0 QH XMTpicTb He B)l.aJiaC51, TO B351B y KopoJIH 3aMoK PaTHO, 6o 3pa,.u.MJia p ycb. 3a u.e IM .no6pe nOMCTHBCH UboJieK, KoTpMi1: 6ya y XoJIMi. BiH TiJihKI1 i3 130 KiHHOTHHKaMM nepeKpHB IM lllJIHX i no611B pyci Ta JII1TBI1 ,lJ.O TpbOX COTeHb, a 6Jil13bKO copoKa 83518 y llOJIOH. BiJIH KpeMeHU.H

'ljb0/1£1(

pOJZpo.Mu6 pycb

ma 11um/Jy

(c. 45) sopor 3aJHaB He MeHwoi nopa3KI1 ni.n TieTPa llla-

<J>paHU.H Me.zzycbKoro i1 ni.n .l(3E>KKa BJiocTOBChKoro. TaM 6ya i fpMU.hKo Kep.ne'HoBI1tt i .no .no ox TMCHl.J KiHHOTM, o.nHaK ix MaJIO 3 'HBMJIOC51 ni.n 3aMoK. ITo6al.JMBlliM nii1:cbKO CsM.a.pMraM:Jia, BMHIIIJIH 3a HMMI1, aJJe nonHKM .D.aJIH iM Pycb TaKOrO ttocy, mo, OTOttHBlliM, 6araTbOX no6MJIH, MaJIO XTO nOBepJiYBCH )l(HBMH .no 3aMKy. O.nHaK pycaKH ttMHMJIH )l(OpcToKicTb Ha.n noJIHKaMM, KOJIM KOTO-He6y,nb 3 HMX 6paJI11 B OOJIOH, TO,lJ.i, 3aMJ'111Bllll1 H CllaJIMBlliH, BilllaJIM Ha <PopTe'1HMX CTiHax ,li.JIH 6iJihWOro cyMJ HamMM, KpM'1aJJM.D.O HalliHX, JiaHJIM ti copoMHJIH. To.ni )I( BOHM 3api3aJII1 HO)KeM o.nHoro nonhchKOro IOHaKa, BHHHHJIH 3 HbOTO Bci H)'Tpomi H, nociKlliH Ha MaJii WMaTKI1, llOKJiaJIH Ha

pOJZpOMlltHa :::Kopcmol(jcmb pyci ~oiJo noii.Jll(j6

"fapu py· cal(j/J ~iJo noJIJU(jtJ

MHCK)' po3naJJeHe nyriJIJIH. TaK BOHI1 XO,lJ.HJIH 3 U.i€10 MHCKOIO no 3aMKY, cKpiJb Ka,zJ,I1JIH 11 KYPHJIM, '1aKJI}'I0'111 11 po6JI51ttH HKich csoi ttapH, mo6 noJI51KI1 He 3MOrJIM lx nepeMorru. A.Jre noJIHKH BiAAHl.JYBaJIM IM 3a Qe, i KOJIH KOTO-He6y,lJ.b 6paJJ11 B llOJIOH, TO He MaJIM MMJIOCep)l.$1 M He XOTiJIH )l(Q,li.HOfO 3aJJHlliaTH >KHBHM. IIoTiM qepe3 ni.n6ypronaHHH CBM.D.pMrauJia MOJI)l.aBCbKMM rocno.D.ap, BaCaJI llOJibCbKOrO KOpOJIH, CKOpHCTaBWHCb OKaJi€10, CTaB BOIOBaTH IJo,lJ.iJIJIH. KopOJib o.npaJy )I( nocJias e.nopa My)l(MJia i1 MHxaiiJia, 6paTiB Ey'1aQbKMX, a 3 HHMH no.noJIHH. BoHM po36HJIH i1 poJnopomHJII1 MOJI,li.anchKe

!Mo.!Wa811H poJ6UIIu $ytmjl>l(j

C6uiJpuzai1Aa CI(JlH!JI'U

BiHCbi<O, ni.ni6paJIH 3.U06Htt. IloTiM KOpOJib cnpHMJBaB JUITBY npOTH He3ri.A- 3 .Plu11W6· Horo i1 cnasiJibHOro CBH,ll.pHrauJia, mo He 6a)KaB onaM'siTaTMC.H, a cTapo- Cbl(pZO JQUJi8un6a .ny6cLKoro KHH3H CHri3Myu.n.a, pi.n.Horo BiTosTosoro 6paTa, noc~HB Ha JIHTOBCbKHH npeCTOJI. fiiCJIH QbOTO HaH3HattHimi JIHTOBChKi naHI1, no6a'1MBilll1 KopoJiiBCLKi BOJIIO if 6a>KaHHH, noBCTaJIH i3 Curi3MYH.D.OM npoTM csoro

333

KHllrA II KHSI3SI Cau.n;pura'HJia, He 6aJKaroqJ.i MaTH Ha.A co6oro 'Horo Hepo3BCl)K.)JHBOi, aenpHCTOHHOi Ta npHMXJIHBOi BJia.z:lH. BoHH 3a,n;yMaJIH 3HeHa~hKa HanacTH Ha Hboro 6iJISI MicTa OllibMSIHH, aJie, nonepe.zpKeHHH npo ~e 6paTOM

Mo-

HiB~OM, CaH,n;pHrai1Ro BTiK Ha Pych, He qeKaroqH ocTaHHboro Hell\aCTR.

C 11 f I 3 M..., Y H ,[(, JIHTOBCbKHH KH.H3b

PoKy Eo:>Koro

1432. IlicJIR BHrHaHHSI

Cuzi)MyHiJ 3pa,n:.nusoro Cau.n;puraH:Jia, RKHM He cnpui1MaB JIHTsy, a TiJihKH pycb, Curi3ctnll6 Aumo6MYH.ll:, CHH JIHTOBCbKOro KHR3.SI KeucryTa, CTapo.uy6chKHi1 KHR3b i3 Pyci, CbiQI.M IQU')V.C

,ABOIOpi,AHHH 6paT KOpOJI.SI .HraHJia, 3aB,UHKH KOpoJiiBCbKHM 6JiarO,UiSIHH.SIM Ta ,U06p03H'tJJIHBOCTi JIHTOBCbKHX naHiB 6ys npHHH.SITMH Ha JIHTOBCbKf _uep)Kasy. BiH cKJiaB npHcHry, 11\06 6fTH ni.u nocnyx:oM noJibCbKHX Koponis, HK BiToaT, Hi"tJoro 6e3 i x Hhoi )K soJii He quHHTH, He MaTH )KO,UHHX yro.u i3 npyccaMH , iH<PJIRH.ll:QRMH Ta CBH.UpHrai1JioM;

'DpgxuHil C/Jui)puzaiiM cniii.M.aHa

I/ (c. 46) BiH noro.nHBCH Ha ace i3

CMHOM M11xai1JioM Ta JIMTOBChKHMH naHaMH. Ea"tJa'tJM, 11\0 CsM)(pHrai1Jio BTiK, BiH HacaMnepe.u cxonua i1oro .upy)KHHy, B3RB BiJihHO, fpo.nHo i1 TpoKM . IloTiM KOpOJib IXaB ,UO JlbBOBa, 11\06 JIIO,UH rpe~hKOI BipH nepe6ysan11 B MHpi, TaKO)K 11\06 IXHi ~epKBH He ,UaBaJIH HiKOM}' HiRKOfO nposiaHry, 3a BHHRTKOM

~eUbl(9,

IQUlJb OcmpoJb·

caMOfO KOpOJI.SI , KOJIH BiH npul_ue. Y QCH '-laC npOTH KOpOJI.SI nOBCTaB <f>e,UbKO, KHH3b 0cTp03bKHH, KOTpHii ni.UTPHM}'BaB CBH.UpHraiiJia. IlpoTH Hboro Ko-

~&if..

poJib nocJiaB siiichKO, nocTaBHBlliH Ha.z:l HHM pycLKoro cTapocry BiHQCHTi.SI no8ctnll6 npomu 3 IllaMoryJI Ta .HHa MeH)KHKa 3 ,ll,oM6poBH. Kom-r <l>e_ubKO noqys npo HHX, To 1(9pOM o_upa3y )I( 3i6paB npOTH HHX BCJIHKC BiHCbKO - BOJIHH~iB, TaTap, MOJI,UaBaH, O,AHaK Hi.SIK He XOTiB .l(aTH IM 6HTBH, a TiJibKH 3 KfTKiB Hana,naB Ha llOJISIKiB, .?(eM.nu~

Hai16inbllle lliKO.UH1.lH nixoTi. KoJIH Hand 6yn11 Ha nepenpasi qepe3 piKf Mypaxsy, TO pycb xoTiJia ix nepecJii.nysaTH*. To.ui KeMJIWi i3 COTHeiO KiHHMX,

nompu8o(c. 47) nosepTaiO'tJHCh.ll:O csoix, xu8 P9'"' RKHH .ll:JI.SI nposiaHry si.u'ixas si.n siiichKa, s.napHB yTpy6H i1 6apa6aHH, CTpMBO)KMB sopora Hecno.n.isaHo CHJibHMM cTpa-

xoM, Hanas Ha Heo6epe)KH}' pycb i M}')KHbO 3 HCIO 3iHIIIOBC11. IHllli >K Haiiii, noBepH)'BIIIMCb si.n nepenpaBM, no"tJaJIH rHaTH pych Ha nont6eJib, rHaJIM ix BHOlli npH MicRQi KiJibKa MHJib, py6alQqJ1 i 6'101.)11. IlOJI.SifJIO TaM pyci .l(O KiJibKOX THC.Sil.J, a Hamux TiJibKH .n;so€ 3arHH}'JIO. EyJio B3.HTO .nsaHa.l(Q.HTb pychKHX npa· nopis, RKi BHC11Tb Ha 3aMKY (y KOCTbOJii) cs. CTaHicJiasa s KpaKosi. l(H 6HTsa CTaJiaC.H QbOfO )I( 1432 pOI<y, Mic.HQSI JIHCTOna.l(a. CBu.iJpUUliiM poJ6umo 6i/Ul OUII>MJlH

Y Qei1 )Ke qac CHri3MyH.n 3 JIHTBOIO nepeMir CsH.npnrai1Jia, .HKHH3i6pas noHa.n; .usa.uQHTb THC.SI1.l siHCbKa 3 MocKOBil, Pyci, TaTapii, IHcpJI.SIH,nil; ¥x TIOJI.HfJIO .l(O _ueCHTI1 THCSI1.l Ha llOJii 6010, a 1.lOTHpH B3.HTO B nOJIOH, 6yJio B3SITO siciM npanopis, RKi BHC.RTb B KOCTbOJii y BiJibHi, a..Jie CBH.Uptuaiino BTiK. l(.s~ 6HTBa 6yJia 6iJI.SI OmbMHH B .neHb 3a1.laTT.SI ,l:{iBH Mapii, TOMY Cnri3M)'H.ll:

3acHyBaB TaM Ha 3HaK Qi€I nepeMOfH KOJieriyM.

* ,l(MR. iJ(CHT H G HifH MaJII<>IIOK y KH . II (c. 19 opul'ina.ny).

334

KHHr A II 3MiU.Hl1Dllii1Cu pycaKaMH, CMri3MYH~ Ha.npyrui1 pile, T06To 1433, s~cp C.H .llO IHcpJI.HH)J.ii, .HKY 6e3 )f(O)J.HOI Bi)J.Ci'4i BOIODas 12 )J.HiB, i B3.HS TaM seJIHKY 3,no6t1'l. Y u.ert )Ke qac fp11lllKO Kep.nei1 s Pyci, n XoJIMCbKii1 3eMJii, 6iJI.H fpy6ellloBa Ha.n piKoiO EyroM, pycbKoro KH.H3.H Hoca, .HKI1M TPI1Mas Cs11.np11ral%Jiosy cTopoHy, nepeMir 3 sii1cbKOM, a caMoro cnii1Mas. Cs11.np11rai1Jio, MCTJJ'411Cb 3a csoi KpHB)J.H, 3i6pascH 3 iHq)JIJJH.llU..HMH Ta p ycciO , s.n.epc.sr .no JlHTBI1 i1 3as.n.as 3Ha'4HOi lllKO)J.H. KH.si3b Cl1ri3MYH.ll He nocMiB .naTu i1oMy 611Tsy qepe3 Te, mo TO,ni si.n.nas Ha cTpary .ne.HKMX naHiB, HK-oT: TPOU.bKOro aoeso.ny MoHBH)J.a i1 seJIMKoro Mapwa.JIKa PyM60Jib)J.a, 3SHHyBa'leHI1X y 3pa.ni. Q11M BiH HaJialiJT}'DaB npOTH ce6e 6araTbOX JJlO)J.eM, ToMy i1 He .nosip.Hs iM. He .naiO'lH TO)J.i 611Ts11, siH, .n.e Mir, rpoMHB i1oro JIIO,netl, nepelllKO)J.)f(aB iM 3.no6ysaTM nposiaHT, TOMY sopor '4epe3 ro11o.n M)'CHS si.ncrynHTM. O.nHaK sopor S'lMHMB seJIMKY wKo.ny, 6o cnaJIMB BiJibHO i1 TpoKM, BMHMI.l.\MS Ta nonan11s yci ceJia, ..siKi TiJibKM € Mi)K QMMM MiCTaMM. CBM.llpMrai1Jio nocJias TaKO)f( i .no TaTap, npoC.H'lM, mo6 iioro noca,nHJIM Ha JlHTOBCbKe KHSI3iscTso, 3 JJ:Koro :Horo CHri3MyH.n sMrHas. Kom1 )K TaTapM, npMIXaBlllM, )J.i3HaJIMCJJ:, l.l.\0 Ha Qe 6yJia KOpo;IisCbKa SOJI.si, TO SMpilllMJIM noMCTMTMCJJ: i1oMy 3a Te, mo iM U.boro He nosi.noMMs. BoHM cnJIJOH.n.pysanM BeCb '4epHiriBCbKHH Ta KMISCbKMH Kpa:H i 3i 3)J.06M'l'lJO nilllJIH reTb. floTiM C11ri3M}'H)J. noCJiaB .no KopoJISI y Pa.noM, .ne BiH 6ys a u.eu qac Ha Pi3,nso, npoxaJO'lM, l.l.\06 3 HMM 3YCTpiBCJJ: B JlHTBi. HacrynHoro 1434 poKY, HeB,u.OB3i niCJix HOBOro poKY, BOHM 3ycTpiJIMC$1 B KpHHKax, .ne npoTJJ:roM KiJibKOX JJ.HiB po3Ba)f(aJIHCSI noJIJOBaHHJJ:M. TYT KopoJib ni.nTsep.u,HB (npaaa) CMri3MyH.na Ha JlMTOBCbKe KHH3iscTso; ni.nTsep.nHs i YHiJO U:horo BeJIMKoro KH.H3iBCTBa 3 KopoHoJO lloJibCbKOJO, BiKe BTpeTE Qe 6y11o ai,ncB.HTKOBaHo. Hea,u.oa3i KopoJib .Hra:HJio noMep, aHa uoro Micu:e Ha llOJlbCbKHM npecTOJI 6yJio o6paHO i1oro CHHa I I (c. 48) BJia)J.HCJiaBa. THM qacoM iHJJJJ:H)J.CbKi xpecToHocu:i, s.nepmHCb .no )KMy.ni, Ha6panM )l,OCHTb 3)1,06Hqi, aJie He MOrJIH 3 HeJO BMHTH, 60 iKM)'Jl.b ni)J.nHJIHJia .n;epeaa B Jiici, JJ:KHM BOHH MaJIM HTM 3 noJJOHOM. Ban.H'lM o.nHe .n;epeso Ha iHme, )KM}'JJ.b nepe.naBHJia ace iH<}>JJJJ:H)l,CbKe BiMCbKO M: nepeMorJia. Y u:eu )Ke qac CsM.u,pHra:HJio, HanasliJH Ha llo.niJIJIH, xoTiB BOJOBaTM, ane HOM}' He nomacTHJIO, 6o BiHu;eHriH 3IllaMOT}'JI Ta M11xaH.no Byqau;bKHH M}')KHbo ,n;aJIH HOM}' si)J.ciq TaK, mo siH M}'CHB TiKaTH. lloTiM, y 1435 pm.d , Csu.np.ura:HJio B3JJ:s co6i Ha noMi"l iH<}>JIRH.llU:iB, pycb i TaTap, s.nepcSI .no JIHTBH if BOJOBaB 6e3 si.nci 'li. JIHTOBCbKHH KH.SI3b CMriaM}'H)l, SIKHaHJJinwe 3i6pasCJJ: npOTH HbOrO, OCKiJibKH iK U:bOrO 6yno MaJIO, TO BiH llOCJiaB DO .l\OllOMOry .no Kopon.s~. Totti 6yno lllBM,n;Ko ai6paHo 'lMMaJIO si"HcbKa M: noCJiaHo ,z:to JIHTBH 3 s.u.naTHHM reTbMaHOM JIK}'60M Ko6WIHHCbKHM fiKHMaJib'iHKOM, $1KHH, 3' e,z:tHaBlllHCb a JIHTBOIO, ni.z:tCT}'llHB .n;o sopora ni.z:t BiJibKOMHpoM. Ix po~i.Jm na TiJibKH Mana piqKa, RKY MO)KHa 6yno KOHeM nepeiiTH. Tyr qepe3 TPH .nHi BOHH }'KJiaJIH MHp, "'eKaiO'lH O)J;He Ha O)l.HOrO, ~06 TOH pymHB, XO"'a )l.)I.SI IJ:bQro u He 6yno CJIYlliHOi noro.n11. TioriM Csu.npHraHJio noqas sucrynaTH 3Bi.zcrH, ~o6 3HaHTH Kpa~e Micu:e. Hawi )1(, .zzyMaiO"'H, ~o BOHH TiKaiOTb, s,u.apHJIH iM y THJI, 6a)l(aiO"'H 3as.naTH iM xoq HKoicL WKO.t\H. Konu 3 o6ox 6oKiB

335

~piJeiJ.

po;6u8 ?fo(a C8uiJpUUliiM 6iJepCJJ iJo J'lum6u CU2iJ.MyHiJ 6i.iJiJa81Ul

cmpamy c6o~nani8

9Jla.mapu 6o1010mt> 6w 'l(ue6a

'l(ppo.!U> JluziJ.Jio no)Up Xpum.oHoc:~i

po36umi y::KMyiJi.

KHHrA II nocJian:H ni,nKpinJieHHH, TO ,niiilliJio .no BeJIHKOI6HTBH, ,noJIH HKol.nonro 6yna cyMHiBHOIO, ,noKH RKy6 Ko6HJIHHCbKHH He nopymus KiJibKa cnolx KiHHHX C6u~uzai1Aa

po;6umo

RK TiJibKH CBH.ll.pHrai1JioBa cTopoHa CHJibHiwe Hawi noqaJIH, ,noraHSuOqH, 6HTH H

poT, HKi ,naJIH ni,nKpinJieHHH cnoiM.

CTaJia Bi.D.CTYnaTH, TO IX ~e ciKTH. TaM 6araTo ix noJIHrJio , 30KpeMa 3 ~n1CJia iH¢JIHH.D.QiB, qexia,

cine3QiB, SIKi 6ynn 3 Kop116yroM. BoHH 6ynu B TSDKKHX o6na.nyHKax i He 3HaJIH ,noporH, t~epe31.1.\0 IM 6yJio BIDKKO TiKaTH, OT)I(C, BCi 6ym13HHI.I.\CHi. RKI.I.\0 Irifw!Ka· XTOCb i3 HHX i BTiK )1.0 Jiicy, TO

H TaM TaKOfO 6yno 3Hai1,neHO. Y QiH 6HTBi

ui(Jlu

.Mazicmp nOJISirJia.BCSI CHJia iH¢JIHH.lJ.CbKOro MaricTpa, i1 caM MaricTp, My)I(HbO 6'1086umui1 tiHCb, 3arHHyn, 3arHHYB i i1oro MapwaJioK, i nci KOMTYP"· TO)I( iH¢JISIH.lJ.CbKi Xppu6yma 3aMKH .n;osro 6yn11 nycTHMH, 6e3 sii1cbKa. Hawi 3a6paJIH TaKO)I( sci Koporcniii.MaHo

BH, norpa6ysaJIH sopo)I(HM Ta6ip, cxonHJIH Kop116yra, HKHM 6ys nopaHeHHM. Horo 3anHTaJIH noJIHKH npo Te, qoMY BiH He BTiK. BiH CKa3aB, 1.1.(0, TpHBaJIMH qac nepe6ysaiOt~H Mi)l( HaMH, He HaBqHBC.SI TiKaTH. Hes.n;oB3i BiH

Pom ymoTIJitHUU

noMep Bi.l( paH, iHwi )I( no.nyMaJIH, I.I.\O C11riJMYH.n; HaKa3aB iioro oTpyln:l. TaM )l(e 6y;m cxonJieHo ciJie3U:H CHri3MyH.n;a PoTa, KoTporo paHiwe cnii1MaB RH l.JapHKOBCbKHM, KOJIH PoT I3.li.MB 3 ni.n;o3piJIHMH JIMCTaMM si.n iMnepaTopa .l(O BiTosTa. OcKiJibKH KopoJib BiAnyCTMB i1oro niA cnoso qecTi, a PoT i1oro He )I.OTPHMaB, i1oro BKMHYJIH B piK}' CBEHTY i1: BTOTIHJIM. TiJibKH caM CsH.n:pura:Hno 3 He6araTbMa JIIO,lJ.bMM BTiK, aJie BTpaTHB CMOJieHChK, Opwy' noJIOQhK, BiTe6cbK i MaM)I(e BCIO Pych. Ha TOMY MicQi, .ne 6yJia QSI

(c. 49)

6HTBa, CHri3MyH.n. J6y.n:ysas npeKpacHJH':i cpapHHM KOCThOJI i1 Ha3BaB i1oro Ha qecTh focno.n.a Bora, )J.SIKYIO"~H 3a TaKy cJiaBHY nepeMory. CuziJ)t!JIIJ JpMllu8o 86umui1

PoKy 1436. CHri3M)'H.n:, sono,niiOt~H sciM B)l(e 6e3neqHiwe, ,nell(o 3anHwaacSI i1 cysopo cy,n:HB naHis-pa.n i WJISIXTY· To.n.i KH.SI3b qopTopuikhKHi1, pycHH, BJiaWTYBaB 3MOBY npOTM HbOfO 3 BineHChKHM BO€BO)J.OIO )lOBfHp.lJ.OM, 3 TPOI.\hKHM BOEBO.l(OIO Ta iHWMMH; BOHH B6MJIM i1oro TaKMM qMHoM: y CHriJM)'H.l(a 6yJia BC)I.MC)I.MQSI, SIKa JIHfaJia 6iJI11 HbOfO, Hi6M CJIYfa, BHXO)I.HJia M3aXO,D.HJia .n.o HbOfO TO)J.i, KOJIH XOTiJia. II BHXO)J.Y CTeperJIH BHO'li ui .ll.ymory611. Kom1 BC,D.MC.li.HUH BHI':ilUJia, TO BOHH, B6irWH y Bi,D.'lHHeHi ,D.Bepi, B6HJIH KHSI3SI, 3a6paJI11 BeJIHKi CKap6H, snd 6ym1 np11 HbOMY TaM )I(C, B TpoKaX. Moro CaMOfO TIOKJiaJIH Ha CaHH i, 3anpS1fllil1 napy KOHCH, BHrHaJIH IX i3 3aMKy. JlHTOBCbKi naHH 3HaMWJIH HOfO TiJIO B TIOJii, 3 TIO'lCCTSIMH TIOXOBaJIH iioro y BiJihHi, y cKJieni BiToaTa. IHmi m1wyrh, 1.1.\0 "Moro 6yJio a6HTO ni.n. qac cJiy)I(6H Eo)I(OI, .HKa npono,ll,HJiac.s~ y i1oro noKO.Hx y KBiTHY He.ll.iJIIO. l..JopTOpHMCbKHH ,npsmaB y ,nnepi, .HK BC,D.MC).l.HU:.H, KOJIH )I( ~IOfO, ,nyMaiO'll1, ru:o u:e se.n:Me.n:uu.s~, snycTHJIH, BiH, BCKO'lHBWH i3 CKo6ei1I<OM Ta iHmHMH, s611n KH.H3.H. CKo6ei1Ko n.n:ap11n i1oMy BHJiaMH B no6 TaK, a)l( Kpos 6pH3HyJia

.71umo8cbl(! I(Hf1Ji8cm8o

noJaHo Ha~aCJI(aJ.f

Jlzaii.n.a

Ha cTiHy noKoiB 6iJJ.H sinTap.H. Xai1 TaM .HK, ane i1oro 6yno n6HTO qepe3 3pa.n.y. Ha HbOMy npHnHHHBC.H pi.n. JIHTOBCbKHX KHSI3iB, .n.ep)l(aBa 3Hony nepei1mna )J,O Hall(a).l.KiB .HraifJia, Tenep naHOBe TIOJI.HKH 3 Ma30BCU:bKHMI1 KH.H351Ml1 npHneJJH Ha BeJIHI<e KH.H3iBCTBO JlHTOBCbKe noJibCbKoro .n:i.n.ut.Ja, Ka3HMHpa .Hrai1JIOBH'la, .HKOMY JII1TOBChKi naHJ1, npui1HSIBWI13 qecTio, BHCJIOBMJIM CBOIO TIOKi pHiCTb . .Ue ,D.i11JIOC11 y 1440 poui.

336

KHIIr A II

K A 3 l1 M l1 P*, v

JIMTOBCbKM:H KH513b .HK TLnbKI1 Ka3I1M11p iJ ,lJ.BOMa THCSI'.JaMM KiHHOTII np116ya .n.o JIIiTBH, ryr )l(e nepentya i1oMy JlOpory MHxafuio, CHH JIHTOBCbKOrO KHSI351 CIHiJMyH,Aa, iJ n 'SITbMa COTHSIMM KiHHHX Ta 3 Be-

cma6 Jlumo6c&l(.u./tl

JII1KHMI1 .uapaMH, npocSI'lH, ~o6 Ka3I1MHP 36epir i1oro a MHpi y aJJacHii1 aiPHt3Hi , a TMX, u~o a611JIH iioro 6aThKa, noKapan. K a3MM11p npHMHHB iioro B.llR'lJHO il .llOCHTb JJacKaao ai.n.npaBHB. IlicJJR i1oro npHI3.n.y .uo BiJJbHa JJHTOBChKi naHH npHHWJIH HacrynHOrO )lHR .lJ.y)l(e paHO B 3aMOK, 60R'lJHCb, ~06 M11xai1no m<Ocb He ni,AHRB y Hhoro I<HR3iBcTao i1 He noMCTHBCR Ha,n, HHMH 3a 6aThKiBChKY cMepTb. B3RBWH Ka3HMHpa 3a pyi<y, BOHH noaeJJH i1oro .uo KOCThOJJa en. CTaHicnaaa i TaM, np11aiTaaun1 i1oro RK aeJIHKoro KHR3H JIHTOBChKoro, BHCJIOBHJIH i1oMy cao10 aipHicTh Ta noKipHicTh. To.n.i IaaH t.IopTopHikhKHH JierKo .A06HBCR npo~eHHR .AJJR ce6e y Ka3HMHpa, ll..(06 i1oro He 6y11o noKapaHo 3a Te, ~o a611a CHri3MyH.n.a. IUonpas.n.a, ad peqi ocTaHHhOro I I (c. 50) 6y11o 3a6paHo, 6o t.IopTopHikhKHM He xoTia noaepHyTH cKap6H , RKi B3RB no CHri3M)'H,lJ.i . To,Ai Ka3HMHP ai.u.npaBHB Ha3a,n, acix noJIRKiB 3apa,li,H JIMTBH, OCKiJibKH BOHI1 He XOTiJIH MaTH TaM )I(Q,li,HOfO llOJISIKa. O .n.HaK niH o6.u.apyaaa KO)KHOro noJIRKa, OT)I(e, sci 6y1111 3a,n,oaoJieHi. PoKy 1441. CMOJIHHH, oaoJio.n.iamH 3aMKOM, BI1rHaJIM JIHTay , a caoiM KHR3eM B3JIJIH IOpiR McTHCJiaBCbKoro. K a3MMHp, KOJII1 npo Qe .u.osi.n.aacR, TO llOCJiaB )lO CMOJICHCbKa BiHCbKO; CllO'lJaTKY BiH OBOJIO,li.iB MicTOM, RKe CflaJIMB, a llOTiM B3RB i 3aMOK. IJOTiM BiH 3a6paa y Ma30BeQbKOfO KHR3H EoJieCJiaBa EinhChK, MeJibHMK i .l(oporM'lJI1H. HeB,li,OB3i nicJIH QbOfO MOCKOBCbKMH KHH3b, MaJO'lJH Ha llOMi'lJ Ka3aHCbKMX TaTap, BOJOBaB y JlMTBi. JlHTBa )1(, 3i6paBiliMCb llOTiM, Te)K BOIOBaJia y MocKoaii, BHBe3Jia 3Bi,li.TH 6araTo 3.U.0611t.Ji. K oJIM )I( MOCKOBHTM rHaJIH noJIOHeHMX, TO JIMTBa ,naJia iM 6MTBY H: nepeMorJia. PoKY 1442. Y Pyci 6yJio ae1111Ke rope, 6o TaTapM naJIHJIH a)K KOJIO Jlbaosa i1 3a6paJIH .lJ:y)Ke 6araThOX JIJO.U.ei1. KoJIH )I( TaTapH B)l(e noaepTaJIHCH, To BiH.D.MKa, cTapocTa Ha fJIHHHHax, nO'I}'BWH roJIOCHHH nJiaq noJioHeHHX, Hanas Ha TaTap i3 3aMK}' 3 Ki.nbKOMa COTHRMH KiHHOTH I I (c. 51) MaH)Ke Ha caiTaHKY· BiH 3aa,ll;aa TaTapaM 3Hat.JHHX BTpaT i TYT )l(e si.n.6HB y HHX BCJI.HKHH noJIOH. O .nHaK, OTot.JeHHH ni3Hime BeJIHKOJO KiJihKicTJO TaTap, 6ya nepeMO)KeHHH i B6HTIIH.

6!fHrnyKJm&

PoKY 1443 MicRQH qepBHH 6ya TaKMH CHJibHHH 3eMJieTpyc B YropmHHi, lJexii i IloJihll..(i, mo a)l( na,n,aJIH 6y.lJ:HHKH, a TaKe pi.n.Ko 6yaae n IloJibnd; a KoCTbOJii co. KaTepHHH Ha Ka3HMHpi, y KpaKoBi , To,ni onaJio cKJieniHHH. flOTiM y IJOJih~i )lOBfO 6yJIH HeBpO)KaHHi poKM. PoKY 1444 noJibCbKHH KopoJib BJia,ll;MCJiaB, KOJIH BHPYiliHB y HemaCJIMBHH noxi.u. ni.u. BapHf, TO, ni)l6ypJOBaHMH iHiliHMH, nopylliMB nepeMHp'H 3 'IJ'PKaMH; MY'f<HbO 6'roqHcb, niH 6yo y6MTHH HHM'lapaMH. To.l(i no.JmKH o6pa.nu

• .llHB. i;.tenTHqHHH MaJIJOHOK y KH. I (c. 104 opHrina.ny).

337

'}(pJuMUp

I(_IUlJt.M

OwuH~i

'l(aJUMUp

6p.60wJltHC&I(_

M oci(Ba 6otae .91um6y

.91um8a (8010e) MoCI(6y 'lJiKiJul(a 86umult matnllpa.Mu

3e.MJumpyc

KHHrA II 1\pJII.MUp

Ha IToJibCbKe KopoJiiBCTBo iioro pi,nHoro 6paTa KaauMupa HK Hai16JIUJKl.JOcma8 nMa.ce.'iJI,M ro po,nH'ia, xoq Ka3UMUp, 3aCM}'qeHHM CMepTIO 6paTa, ,llOBrO Bi,nMOBJIHBCH. r(JJpO!tt.M Bee* TaKH ~iMWJIO ,no Toro, 1.1.\0 BiH 6ys KopoHoaaHuH Ha lloJibCbKe Kopo-

cDuUptaaWw no.Atep 9rf~ai1Jlo

no.Atep 9llJlmtJpce.1(j nOCJlU

JiiBCTBO y 1447 poQi. Poey 1448. CuriJMyH,nis CHH Muxai1no, BTiKWH ~o TaTap, B3HB Ja ,nonoMormo TaTap TaKi aaMKU u CisepcbKii:i aeMJii: CTapo,ny6 Ta Hosropo.u,. Ali.e KopoJib, nocJiaBWH HeneJIMKe sii:icbKO JIMTBM i1 noJIHKiB, aHoay .Horo asi,nTH su6us. IloTiM y 1452 pm:~i MHxa11no noMep B MocKoaii, noMep TaKOJK i CaM,npuraiiJio. ix o6ox pa30M noqecHo KOpOJib noxosas y BiJibHi. PoKy EoJKoro 1455. KopoJiiBCbKHH no6paTHM nepeKoncbKUH xaH EUMH-fipei1 Hanpasus .no BiJibHa csoix nocniB, o6ius10qu noJW·IHTU KopoJIIO CBOI Op.U,M TO.U,i, KOJIH 6 BiH TiJibKH HaKa3aB. BiH TaKOiK pa,nHB KOpOJIIO, 1.1.\06 TOM .u,o6pe yKpinHB aaMKH B Pyci Ta Ha ITo.u,iJIJii: «.H BIKe cTapHii, He MOiKY CTpHMyaaTU CBOIX JIIO.U,eH, 1.1.\06 BOHH He qMHMJIH TaM WKO.U,H, CHHiB

iKe MaiO MaJIMX, lx CJIYXaTu y QbOM}' He 6y.nfTb». Cnpas.u,i, y 1458 poui BOHH 91lamapu HanaJIH Ha Pycb, a npoTu HMX Ji6paJIMCb pycHaKH: no.u,iJibCbKui:i cTapocTa f«1 Pyci Bap<}JoJioMii1 Eyqai:(hKHH 3 ni.nKoMopiEM JIHOM Jlal.l.\eM. BoHH nocTeperJIH cnoqaTKy, 1.1.\0 y TaTap CTOHTb .U,Ba 3arOHH: y O.U,HOM}', 6i.nbWOM}'- MOTJIOX, a B .npyroM}', MeHlllOM}'- Kpa~e sii:ichKO. Hallli, .nyMaiOl.JH, 1.1.\0 TaM 6iJibwa cuJia, .ne ix 6iJihllle, HanaJIH i1 s.napHJIH Ha nepw11:H JariH :H JierKo iioro nepeMorJJH. IHwi, noqyalllH Qe, HacTopoiKHJJHC.SJ 11 CTaJIH .no 6HTBH. KoJIH HaCTaB ,neHh, TO Hallli, 3JierKOBaiKMBiliH, .naJIH iM 6HTBy. CnoqaTKY HaWHM . . . HenoraHO 1.1.\aCTHJIO, B)l(e 3MllllaJIM TaTap, aJie llOTIM, KOJIH Hallll .U,aJIH IM MO)KJIHBiCTb 3HOBY CTaTH .U.O 6010, BMnpaBMJIHCH, OTO'lHJIH HaWHX H nepeMOrJIH. Poey 1462. ,l(Hsa 6a'leHo Ha He6i, 6o Hes.nonai nicJIH aaxo.ny COHI:(.SJ Mi)l( aaxo,noM i nis,nHeM 3 'HBMJiocs poan' .SJTT.H3 Mel.JeM. TaKOiK ni.l( qac npouecii ronosa ca. CTaHicJiaBa cniTHiJia, Haqe )I(HBa. Hes.nosai noTiM 6iJI.H ITyUbKa, B IloMopCbKiH 3eMJii, ,l(yHiH HarOJIOBY po36HB xpeCTOHOCQiB i 1.1.\eQHHCbKOro KH.H3.H EpiKa. Y QeM: qac aasoJI3hKi TaTapH ai cnoiM uapeM MaMTaHoM, /I (c. 52) nepenpaBHBiliHCb qepea piKy BoJJry, pywHJJH CIO.U.H, .no Hac, TpbOMa BiHcbKaMH: O.ZJ.HHM- .no JlHTBH, .npyrHM- .no Ilo,niJJJI.SJ, TpeTiM- .no MoJI.nasii. Ti, 1.1.\0 niWJJH Ha JlHTBy, 3aB_l\aJII1 BeJJHKOI WKO,AH, 30KpeMa 6iJI.SJ THX 3aMKiB, .SJKi JlHTBa me TPHMaJia Ha BoJIHHi ii Ha ITo.niJIJii, To6To 6in.SJ KpeMeHU.SJ, )I(HTOMHpa, KywMaHosa, )I(H.nosa :H BoJIO.AHMHpa, asi.nc11 BOHH BHrHaJIH B noJIOH noHa.n .nec.SJTb THC.SJ1.J JIIO.ne:H, 6o MaJio 6yno JIHTBH, mo6 .naTH IM si.nciq. Xoq i nonepe.n)l(aB ix KopoJib, .HKOMY npo u:e B1.JaCHO .l(aJIH aHanl EU:HH-fipeii Ta KoponinchKHH no6paTHM nepeKoncbKHH xaH MeHrJii-fipeii, aJie BOHH JierKOBa)I(HO .no Qboro nocTaBHJIHC.SJ. Ha llo.l(iJIJii )1(, .ne TiJihKH noJJRKH TPHMaJIH o6opoHy, Ma.no "IOro .noMorJIHCb. KoJJH )I( noqyn11 npo Hawe BiHCbKO ni.l( Tepe60BJieiO, Ha)l RKHM 6ym1 CTapWHMH CTapOCTH JlbBiBCbKHH Pa<!JaiJI JlpocnancbKHH, 6eJI3bKHH Ilanno .flceHChKHH, To nouepHyJiu Haaa,l{. Y Mon.nanil )I( lx Tp111.1i nepeMaras noEuo.u.a M: no;IOHHB CHHa aanoJI3uKoro u.ap.H. Ko;m aauoJJ3hKJ1H xaH Hanpas11n cnolx nocnin, ).\06nnai01.JIICh norpo-

'Du&i

sllru'!:!Jl f«1

Ht6i

'D!JHiH

po;6u6 :rpecmo·

noclji6

3a6o!1)~>11i

mamapu

338

KHHr A II aaMn, u~o6 Toro BHnycTHllH, Gre¢aH T}'T )l(e HaKaaas i1oro Ha rxHix oqax nopy6aTM, a nocnis noca,nMB Ha namo. Tinbi<I-t o~Horo 3 nocnin, a ix scix 6yno CTO, siH si.nnycTMB, si~pi3asiiiH 'HoMy Hie i nyxa, IQ06 siH p o3nonis npo u.e

CmujaH, MO.IIiJa8

zocno. Jap, po;6u8 mamap

CIJI(JIU

CBO€MY n aHOBi. PoKY 1443. YropchKHM Koponh MaTiam nocnas JJ.O nonhmi 3a niikhKOM. a llleHCHHH 3 D aHhosa 3 51 HOM )KeiiiOBChKHM Ha npi3nHChKO Ein11ii ,.Uonis'IHK susin Jni.nTH 500 qononiK. MaTiam, npH€~ H aBUJH ~o HHX ciMCOT

yrop~is, noCJias ix 3 Tie-rpoM CoKoJii

(Sokolim) 3 ~yraKa, 11.e caM croHB, Ha (c. 53) Eo s To if qac T}'PKM 6yn H B3XJIH EocHiro i Ja-

KopP.OH 11.0 EocHii. I I MOK Rtfue, JJ.e cnitiMaJIM P.ecnoTa Jlaaapx, HKOro, npHs' .R3asmu JJ.O naJii, po3crpiiDLJUI 3 JIYKiB, K~M: «TM MaB BeJIMKi CKap6H, 3lJ.OnOMOrOIO .RKHX Mir o6opoHHTHOI, aJie He cxoris; Te6e cnm<ycMJia >K~i6HiCTb i JiiHb». To.n:i TaM 1)'PKH 83.RJIH B TIOJIOH nOHa,ll 30 000 BM3Ha'IHHX IOHaKiB-CJIOB'RH, HKHX 3po6HJJH HHM'IapaMH. Yropui, no6a'IHBmH siticbKO, BTeKJIH, a Hami, no)l(anismu ~X B'113HiB, KOTpHX TYJ>KH noJIOHHJIH B YropinHHi, B.n;apHJIH Ha HHX BHO'Ii, ~06 'lj'pKM He no6a'IMJIH IX He'IHCJieHHOCTi. DHJIHC.R BOHH UiJry Hi'I, KOJIH HaCTaB .n;eHb, 'lj'pKH no6a'IHJIH Ma.JI}' KiJI&KiCTb JIIO.ll:eM i XOTiJIH ix OTO'tJHTH. THM 'lacoM s '.R3Hi, po3s'.R3asmuc&, .nonoMornn iM. BoHn CTaJIH Heno.l(aniK Paun, ni.n:ro'I)'Baswuc& .n:o 6HTBH, qeKaJOIJH, Ha 'tJHi% 6iK cxHJIHTbC.R <PopT)'Ha. Konu )I( BOHH no6a'IHJIH, mo Hami .ll.06pe nO'IHHaJIH, a T}'PKif B)l(e MaJIH TiKaTH,

339

9TOJIJUOl poJ6U.IIu mypl(j6

,.-toprji

nouuw

au u6e poJnO'UI.II.u !MyxHicm-. n0/IJU(j8

KHHrA II ~onoMornu HalliHM i TiJJhK:U TO.ll.i poarpoMHJI:U -rypKin. To.D.i Hawi a~n1HHJII1

,ll,o6py noc.nyry MaTiamy, 6o nepe6nJIH TaKnM MaJIHM niikhKOM .li.O 'IOTMpbOx T:UCH'I -rypKiB :H BH3BOJIHJI:U ciMHMI.VITb THCSJ'I yropcbKHX a' SJaHiB. MaTiam TO,ZJ.i IM .lJ.SIK}'BaB Ta 06,ZJ.aponynan KO)KHOrO 30KpeMa; yropl.\iB )Ke, KOTpi BTeKJI:U, 3raHb6HB, HaJ<a3aBWH IX rry6Jii"'HO BO,ZJ.HTH B miHO"'HX O'lini<aX cepe.D. BiiiCbKa ni,ZJ. I<pMKH, ~0 BOHM He ri,ZJ.Hi 6fTM 'IOJIOBiKaMH, a TiJibKH miHKaMH. BiH TaKO)K ,no6pe o6.D.apynan yropQSJ TieTpa CoKoJii, SIKHii TinbKH caM ia lllicTHa.D.l.\SITbMa yropQSIMH JIMlliMBCSJ npu noJUIKax. TioTiM Koponh MaTiam KOpMCT)'BaBCSI llOCJiyraMM nepeBa)KHO BOSIKiB 3i CJIOB'SIHCbKHX Hapo.D.iB, T06TO noJISJKin, qexin, MopanaH Ta ciJle31.\iB. ToMy

11 noJISIK Knea<pac Tapro-

BMI.\hKHM TPMBaJIHM qac 6yn y Hboro reThMaHOM. 3a II(eHcHoro 3 TiaHhOBa niH ni,li,ZJ.an aaMi* cno10 nneMiHHMI.\10 KopBHHiBH}', 3 KOTpOIO II(eHCHHM Man ' . . ll RTbOX CHHIB. 9TaTUbi\JlU

PoKy 1464. Bi,n nan11 i1: ni.n xpMcTHRHCbKoro iMnepaTopa 6yJio nocJlanoco/1 iJo mamap· HO .D.O TaTapchKoro xaHa El.\HH-fipeR aHTioxi:McbKoro naTpiapxa 3 npoxaHCbl(pW )(aHa HSIM, Il..(06 BiH pa30M 3 XpHCTHSIHaMH p03llO'IaB BiHHY npoTH -rypeQbKOrO cyJITaHa, a BOHH i1oMy aa 1.\e xoTillH ,ZJ.o6pe aanJiaTHTH . XaH *e ni.nnonin: «.HKr.u.o Mi:H no6paTHM nOJibCbKHM KOpOJib xoqe 1.\e apo6HTM :H 3aneBHHTb MeHe n 1.\bOMf qepe3 cnoro nocJia, To,ni aap~M Hboro SI nee 3po6mo i 6yp,y pap,MH 3 XpHCTHSJHaMH npOTHCTORTH T)'pKaM; SIKW:O 6 BiH He XOTiB QbOrO, TO SI,naM QbOMY cnoKiM». Oci<inhKH noJISIKH cxHJISIJIMCSI TO.D.i .D.O nepeMHp'H, TaKa Jiira He 3MOrJia cKJiaCTHCSI :H .no 1.\bOro qacy. J'lum8a

poJ6Ufla i1UjJUUtihji8 y )i(}.f.yiJi

PoKY 1465. IHcpJIHHP.Qi nocJiaJIH npyccbKOM}' MaricTponi ciMCOT KiHHOTH :H Tpoxn nixoTH. Ui nepeMillJIH piKy CneHry, a KOJIH np116yJ1H p,o )KM}',ni, To nci .noporn n Jlici iM 6ym1 aananeHi apy6aHMMH .nepenaMH :H He 3aJIMIIIeHO )KQ.D.HOI, KpiM Ti€1, Il..(O Bella /1.0 MOpS! . .AJie Ha HiM 6yJIH BHKOllaHi HMH, np11KpHri 3Bepxy XMH30M. Ix He 6yJio BH,li,HO ni,n cHi roM, TOMY T}'.D.H noTpanHJio 6araTo iHcpJIHH.D.QiB, HKHMH Jleri<o OBOJIO,ZJ.illa JIHTBa. PeniTa, I I (c. 54) RKa BTeKJia, a6o BTOllHJlaCb, KOJIH ni,n HHMM 06JIOMHBCH Jli,ZJ., a60 IX 6yJIO

40 I(!Jpa6JiiiJ

zyecmoHOct#] nomOHYfiO

B3HTO B noJioH. OcTaHHi poanonillM, r.u.o nepe.n. THM Ha Mopi noTOHfJIO 40 Kopa6JiiB i3 ni:HcbKOM, HKe 6yJio nocnaHe 3 HiMe'-1'-IMHH Ha ,nonoMory npyccbKoMy MaricTponi. EaqaqH TaKe He~acni, napMiHchKm1 enHcKon ITanen npHCJlaB )1,0 KOpomi, TaKO>I< i npycCbKHH MaricTp CTaB CXHJI.HTHC.SI )1.0 3rO)J.H.

Jll(fl 6yJia

PoKy 1446. Bi.D.6yJiac.H yro)J.a nollbCbKoro KOpOJI$! 3 npyccbKHM MaricTyzoiJa J npycca.Mu poM TaKHM "'HHOM: llOJibCbKMM KOpOJib Ta HOrO Ha~a)J.KH MaiOTb .u.ep)l(aTM ')'.Mo8u yzo()u XeJIMiHCbKf, iloMopcbi<y i1 MHxanoncbKY 3eMni 3i nciMa MicTaMM, 3aMKaMH, J npycca.Mu ceJiaMH Ta OKOJIYII.\.HMH, a TaKO)I( MicTa i13aMKM Ha iHWOM}' 6ol.\i BiCJIH: Manb6opK, lllTyM, Keih6opK, EJib6JioHr i TollbXMMiTy 3i cnoiMa )J{yJiaBaMM (Zulawami), 3 npanOM BMKOpHCTaHHSI JiiciB a6o BCiJI$IKI1X MHCJIHBCbKHX yri.n.h, 3 micTbMa cenaMM, HKi HaJle)KaTb .no foJI.HH.D.y, 3 ycie10 HepiHrmo, 3a BHHRTKOM JIHWe TpbOX ciJI, SIKi MaiOTb 3aJll1lliHTHCSI npyccbKOMY MaricTpOBi .D.JIR pM60JIOBJii Ha o3epi fa6i. ITpycchKHM MaricTp i noTiM Mae TPHMaTM

pemry ITpycchi<olaeMJli, o.u.HaK aa YMOBM, r.u.o6 aaB)K.U.H 6fTH nipHHM Ta CJiyxH.HHHM llOJibCbKHM KOpOJIRM; ~e CTOCYETbC$1 TaKO)I( i HOro Ha~a,z:J.KiB, KO)KeH 3 JJ.KHX Mae Ha mocTHH MiCR~b nicJIR cnoro npHxo,u.y )J.O BJJa)J.H npHcnranr

340

KHHrA II

nOJibehKOMY KOpOJIJO ni.n 3arp03010 DTpaTI1 pyeebKOI 3CMJii. MarieTp MaTHMe enoE Miel\e B ypH.ni ( rz(}dzie) 3 niBoro 6oKy 6in.n KopoJJR, B pa,ni ( radzie) MaJOTb 3aei,AaTit T<li<O)K i KiJIL>Ka HOrO KOMT)'pin. flpyeeoi<HH MarieTp 00811HeH HTll 3 KOpOJJeM Ha BiHHY npOTH sopora, He OOKH,lJ.aTH KOpOJUI, esoro naHa, i B pa.n.oeTi, in ropi. BiH M}'eHTb TaKO)f( npM'HMaTM .n.o esoro op.n.eHY ~K xpeeToHoeQiB, TaK i HiMQiB, a611ix 6yJio nopisHy. KoHseHT He MO)f(e Hi 0611paTM, Hi eKH,lJ.aTM MarieTpa, xi6a 11{0 3 Di.li.OM3 KOpOJJ~. 5IKU{O )f( .n.eRKi 3aMKH nepe6yBaJII1 S "111€M)'eb .n.epJKaHHi, TO TaKi 0e0611 MaJII1 3aJII1llii1TI1 IX, a ~Kll{O XTOeb iHlliMH S QeH qae OBOJIO,li.iB 611 }IKHMeb 3aMI<OM, TO OeTaHHiM MaJIH 611 3.ZJ.o6ysaTM eniJJhHHMM eMJJaMM I<opoJJR it MarieTpa. Ko)f(Ha eTopoHa OOSHHHa 3SiJJbHI1TI1 a'~3HiB, BTiKa"'i a60 Bl1rH3HQi MaiOTb 6)'TH OODepHeHi Ha enol MieQ~. XeJJMiHebKe EnHeKoneTno (kosciol) Mae 6y-r11 nonepHeHe .n.o eSO€I eTapol MaTepi- fH€3HeHebKOI KaTe.D.pH; MicTa, 3aMI<I1 H sci np116yTKM o6oniJJbHO MaiOTb 6)'TH nosepHeHi eSOIM KOeTbOJiaM . .LJ:opOrM eKpi3b OOSHHHi 6yTM BiJJbHHMI1, ~K Ha 3eMJJi, TaK i Ha BO,D.i, 3ri.n.HO 3i eTapHM 3BHtia€M. Bee Qe TaM 3aTsep.u.HJJH B3a€MHHMH np11e~raMH M: oTpHMaJIH si.n. nanM BitiHY KOH<f:>ipMaQiJO ni.u. 3aKJJa,n y pa.Ji, ~Kll{O XTOCb i3 HHX XOti TpOXH nopyllii1Tb QIO yro.n.y. IloTiM KOpOJib 3i CBOEI MHJJOCTi, 6aqaqH BeJIHKi HeCTaTKH npyecbKoro MarieTpa, HaKa3aB 3i6paTM HOMY 3 .n.saHa)l.QRTH MiCT n '~THa .n.n~Tb THenq, 6o TOM He Mas tiHM 3anJJaTHTM )f(OBHipaM. PoKy 1467. .l(o KopoJJ.H np116ys Hop.n.naJJb.ll. (Nordwald), eMH He.n.anHo !JJ[amapct>l(j noCJiu noMepJJoro TaTapcbKOro xaHa EQHH-fipeH, ni.n.Tsep.D.*YIOtiH .n.asHIO Jiro6os 11 6aThKiBehK}' npH~3Hh y si.z:lHOCHHax 3 KopoJJeM, o6il{~IOtiH HOM)' I I (c. 55) .n.onoMaraTH npoTM KO)f(HOro sopora. PoKY 1468. IlpHixas .n.o KopoJJ~ B MaJih60pK feHpix IlJiayeH si.n npyeChKoro MaricTpa, BHMararoqH nosepH}'TH IM Hi.n.6ypr, KOTpHi1: iM HaJJe:>KaB. KopOJJh OXO"'e l{e 3p06HB i OOCTaBHB )l.BaHa)l.QSITh ey.n..n.is, no llliCTh 3 KO:>KHOI eTopoHM, 11{06 BOHH ~opiqHo 3aei.n.aJIH s MicTi Enh6JIOH3i :H po36HpaJIH pi3Hi KpMB.D.H Mi)l( o6oMa eToponaMM. TaM :>Ke niH noeTaBHB Tpbox ni,nKo- 1\ppOAI> nocmaiJuD Mopiis )J.JJ~ BMpimeHH~ OHTaHb npo KOp)l.OHH, npH3Hat.111B ey,n..n.iB )' KO)I(eH ni.UI(9.Mopii6 nosiT. ~Ki 6 ey.n.R1IM IIIJI~xry: s XeJIMiHehK}' 3eMJiro- o.n.Horo, s Manh60pKeb- ma cyaUiiJ y9Tpyccii K}'- .n.pyroro. y TqeBChK}'- TpeThOro, y CseHI.{iHebK}'- qeTsepToro, y CrryxoBCbK)'- n' ~Toro, B f.n.aHehK}' -llloeToro. YxaaJJHBlliH ni peqi B MaJJb6opKY· KopoJih npHixas .n.o Top)'H~. Y ri qaeH 6yJIH .n.si seJIHKi KOMeTH, o.n.Ha 3a .n.pyroro, ~o 3HaMeH}'BaJIH 6araTo 3Jloro: sii1HH, roJio.n., Mop, noeyxe, nosiHh- see ne noTiM 6yno. To.n.i 6ys roJio.n. Mi:>K JIIO,nen, a si.n. BeJIHKOi noeyxe ~ptJ nocy~ HaMHO)I(HJIOC~ HeHMOBipHO 6araTO MHIDeH, KOTpi, 3'iBIIIH 36i)IQKSI B CTO.li.O- JR6UJUlCJl .MuUli Jiax, eKpi3h noncysaJI~ i1:oro i Ha noJii. PoKY 1469. TaTapehKMH xaH MeHrJii-fipei1: HanpasHs csoix noCJiiB .n.o KOpOJI~, o6i~I01.1H CTaBaTH pa30M 3 HHM npOTH KO)I(HOrO BOpora. IloCJiiB 6yJio si.n.npasJieHo Ha3a,n i3 no.n.apyHKaMH. Porcy 14 70. 3pa3y :>K nicJI~ cei1:My KOpOJih i3 KopoJiesoro BHiXaJIM .n.o JIHTBH. TaM siH 3 6araThMa JIHTOBehKHMH naHaMH o6'i)I()J.)I(as caoi 3aMKH, .n.e He 6ys micTHa.n.n~Tb poKiB, a caMe: IloJIOl.\bK, BiTe6chK• CMoJieHCbK Ta iumi. Ue .n.iRJIOCSI B3HMK)'. KopoJih KaaHMHp Mas Bi.ll cso£i .llP}')KHHH

341

KHMrA II CuHu EJib>K6eTH n 'RTbOX CHHis: Bna,nHCJiasa, 0Jib6paxTa, OneKcaH,npa, <l>pi.npi· 7\PJu.Mupa

xa, Curi3M)'H.na, a mocTHH nt:H, Ka3:uM:up, noMep MOJIO.U.HM; ,noqoK Te»< Mas KiJibKOX. Hes.nos3i niCJISI Qhoro npuixanu .no KopoJISI Ka3HMHpa noCJIH 3 tiexii, 6a»<aiOqH HOfO CTapworo CHHa BJia.D;HCJiaBa DOCa,li.HTH Ha tieCbKe KOpoJiiBCTBO 3a YMOBH, 1.1.{06 ttecbKHH Koponb Ip)Ki (Jerzyk) cnoKiMHO c:u,nia Ha cso-

fTtp6ypm.

17, '· 316

l(!tUUl

1(op01U> Jp,a no~ep

'B.!UlOuCJlaiJ

cmaiJ uct.IQLM J(SJpOJieM

€M}' npecToJii .no cMepTi, a Koponb Ka3HMHp 1.1.{06 6opoHHB iforo Bi,n acix HOfO BOporiB, a niCJIR HOfO CMepTi BJia,nHCJiaB, CTaBIIIH KOpOJICM, OTOtiHB iforo .ll.p)?KHH}' HaJieJKHHM DiKJiysaHHRM, a MOfO CHHiB 3aJIHIIIHB npH iXHiX KHR3iBCTBax. HacaMnepe.n »<e BiH noauHeH 6ys B3RTH co6i 3a .np}?KHH}' iforo ,nottey JIIO,nMHJIY. Koponb Ka3HMHp, 6a»<aiOttH .nicTaTH npo ne ,noKJia,nHinry iHqlOpMal{iiO, Bi,nnpaBHB ,li.O tiexii CBOiX DOCJiiB, BOMHil{bKOfO KalliTeJIHHa .HHa TapHOBCbKoro i% coH,ZI.eQhKOro KawTeJI.sma CTaHicJiasa BoHTpo6ey. lloCJiaB TaKOJK JJ.O iXHbOrO KOpOJI.fl Jp>Ki KOpOHHOrO KaHQJiepa .HKy6a ,lJ;eM6iHCb· Koro Pa.B:utta ii: »<apHoBCbKOro Ka.IIITeJIHHa CTaHiCJia.Ba IliHJJ.)IOBeqbKOro O~poBOH:>Ka 3an:uTaTH, ttH Qe € 3 M:oro 3ro.n:u. lp»<i, noro.n:uswHcb Ha ace, pa.n.:ua, 1.1.{06 SIKHaiiwa:u.nwe Ka3:HMHP nocnaa .no nan:u 3a KOH<l>ipMaqi€10. To~i Qhoro )K KopoHHoro KaHQnepa RKy6a ,ll;eM6iHCbKoro, KpaKiBchKOro cTapocry, I I (c. 56) H a6aTa CBHToro XpecTa, MaricTpa KpaKiBCbKOi AKa.AeMii MixaJia 3 Jliniqb, JIIO.lf.:HHY ri.nHY if no6o:>KHoro )K:HTTH, Koponb ai~npaa:ua .no P:uM}'. JlaT:HHCbK}' opaQiiO 3 Qboro nocOJibCTBa ~e if H:HHi MO)I{Ha 3HaifT:u B 6i6nioTeqi KJI.siWTopy Ca. XpecTa Ha JlHciM: ropi. To,ni, BttHHHBillH see B nan:u 3riJJ.HO 3 KOpOJiiBCbK:HM 3aJJ.YMOM, ~aCJIHBO llOBepHfJIHCH ,li.O BiT'IH3H:H. THM ttacoM KopoJib Ip)Ki noMep. PoKy 1571. Bna.nucJiaB, CHH Ka3HMHpa, cTaBillH ttecbK:HM KopoJieM, BHPYillHB 3 lloJibW:i Ha KopoJiiBcTao. BiH B3.SIB si.n 6aTbKa ciM THCH'I KiHHOTH, JJ.BaJJ.qHTb THC.flti niXOT:H niJJ. KepysaHHHM llaBJia .HceHCbKOrO,

My:>Ka BMiJioro if y pHqapcbKHX cnpaaax .nocsi.ntteHoro. EaTbKO 3 6aJlct~tebi(JJU, raTbMa naHaMH Ta KopoHHHMH ceHaTopaMH npoBOJJ.:>KaB Bna.n:ucnaaa .no .Myx Kop,noHy. ~mttuu Yqeu qac yropQi norop.zcyaaJIH MaTiallleM. Ea'laliH, w:o BJia,nHCJiaB eTas 'lleCbK:HM KOpOJieM, BOHH TIOCJiaJIH )1.0 TIOJibCbKOrO KOpOJI.H, npoxaiO'liH iforo .zr.aTH caoro .u.pyroro CHHa Ka3HMHpa Ha YropcbKe KopoJiiBcTao, norpo:>Ky1JyttiHIO'IH, .HKW:O siH iM CHHa He nolllJie, 3BepHfTHC.H .u.o rypKa. Ka3HMHP He .u.o.My:NC tHtpziuHUU Kop.s~s IM 3a Ue, a llOCJiaB CHHa 3 HeMaJIHM 3arOHOM JIIO)J.eM, HKHM KepyaaB lleTpo )lyHiH; ixaJio npu HbOM}' .u.y:>Ke 6araTo :H iHillHX naHiB. Ane ocKiJihK:H MaTiaw 3lJ.e.SIKHMH yropcbKHMH naHaMH 3pa,li.HB KaJHMHpoai, To KaJ:uM:up nosepHysc.s~.no lloJibii.{i. Cmpauma Poey 1472. )J.aa MiCHQi MO)I{Ha 6yno cnocTepiraTH seJIHK}' KOMery, w:o J(SJ~tma o6epTanacb TflJ.H :H cro.u.u csoiM xaocTOM. OiCJIH Qboro .zr.iiDIOCH ttHMaJIO JJIOro npOTHroM Tpbox poKia: 6ya roJio,n, Mop i siliHH, npo mo 'liHTaew y nepwi:H KHH3i npH OTIItJci nepmHX DOJibCbKHX KOpOJiiB, ni,n THM :>Ke Ka311MHpOM. 'Bii1Ha Poey 14 73. 3 MaTiawesol HaMOBH iHwi cine3hKi KH113i, a caMe MopwciJU~J b'&i( l(!tftJi6 TeH6ep3bKi, TEWHHCbKi, paQi6opcbKi, OOOJibCbKi Ta iHmi, p03TIO'IaJIH BiMHf npoTH pH6HHQbi<Oro KH.H3.H, KoTpHii He xoTia ni.u.TpHMyaaTH MaTiawa. Bci 9TJJ6e.n.

342

KHMrA II BOHI1 OT0'411JIU Pw6HIIKH, 3Jlo6ynaJIM ix npOTSJroM ui;mx Tpbox Mic.Huis i 3,A06ym1. IloTiM BOHH X~>TiJI11 3a6paTif y HbOfO 3apKi, .ne 3aCiB llOJI.HK 5JH Kpe3a (rep6a) OcTO.H, KoTpuii .no6pe si.A HHX 3axm.~anc.H, '4acTo po6n.Hq11 Bli.llaJKH. TMM qacoM KopoHHm1 ni.ncKap6iil 51Ky6 )J.eM6iHCbKMH, 3ri.nHo 3 KoponiBChKHM nHChMOBHM HaKa30M, s.nepc.H .no Cine3i1. Ilicn.H UhOro KH.H3i MYCHJIH 3aMiCTh o6nor11 B3.HTM nepeMI1p'.H 3 p116HMUbKMM KH.H3eM .D.OTH, .AOKH Koponi Mi)l( co6mo He noMMP.HTbOI, 6o MaTiaw nocsap11scsr 3 qecbKMM KoponeM Bna.nncnasoM. A Ka3I1MHP y BChOMY .nonoMaras CMHOBi. .li,e.stKi yropui, 6aqa'-111 JIIO,A.stHiCTb t.~eCbKOrO KOpOJI.H, nepeXO,AMJIM JJ..O HbOrO, llOJIMWaJIH MaTiawa. TioTiM ueii )l(e )J.eM6iHCbKMH nepeMir ni.n. OcneHI.(iMoM MaTiawesoro reTbMaHa .EeJiiKa 3 i1oro HeMaJIMMM sil1cbKaMI1. ll,boro )I( poKY 6yna BeJIMKa nocyxa B IloJib~i. ruK Bicna T'aK CMJibHO BMcoxna, l.l.\O qep e3 Hei 13.nMJII1 [so3aM11?] 6insr TopYHn;nicM ropin11, I I (c. 57) xy11..o6a paJoM iJ Tpasoro ina nicoK i BiJI. Toro 3JJ..Hxana; 6yJio JJ..y)l(e Ba)I(KO ,AicTaTM nposiaHT. floTiM 6ys sem1KMH Mop, qepe3 .HKMM Koponb MYCMB nepeixaTM 11.0 Bicnuui. Toro )I( poKY, 26 JIMnH.H, B KpaKoBi Jropis CTpa.AOM, aHa TpeTii1 JJ..eHh)tQHoqMi:f MOHacTMP ca. AH.n.pi.st, synMU.st fpOJJ..3bKa i1 '-laCTMHa sym1ui KaHoHiqoi, Jie.nse o6opoHeHo Bill. no)l(e)l(i 3aMOK. Te caMe cTanoc.H 3 BeJIM'liKOIO, KoHiHoM, Een30M, XoJIMOM, Jlro6osJieM, T}'MCbKMM KOCTbOJIOM, B JleHqMui 3 6ylJ.HHKaMM cs.HmeHHoCJiy)I(MTeniB i MOHaCTMpeM y MoniJii. Yue:M )l(e qac TaTapu Hana.nH Ha PycbKY 3eMJIIO, 3axonMJII1 ni11.. KHEBOM ciMcOT .zzyw. TypKH JK, Hanaaw11 3 EocHil, cnnroH.npysanM BCIO lliTMpilo Ta Kap.MHTiiO. 0JJ..HaK n epC11)J.CbK.MM wax fycaHKaCaH nepeMir JJ..O n '.HTJJ..eC.SITM rueCTM T.MC.Hq T}'PKiB, np.MqOM)' CaMMX CaHJJ..:>KaKiB llOJI.HfJIO niBTOpacTa. .HK6H Hiq He np11lll1Hl1Jia 611TBH, TO llOJIHfJIO 6 IX TOJJ..i 6i.nbllle, a TaK, Ma6yrb, CaM MaroMeT 3aCTYflHBC.H 3a HHX. Y TOH >Ke qac np11lxa.nuJJ..o Kopon.s: KaJMM11pa ceMHropo.Aui, npoc.SI'liH 3nJiaqeM, w;o6 ix Koponb np11:i1H.HB niJJ.. csi:M 3ax11cT, 6o MaTialll qJ1Hl1B H~ HHM.M BeJIHKi >KopcToKocTi. Eaqaqu ue, MaTiaw npocHB KopoJI.SI KaJHMHpa npo nepeMup '.s: 11..0 Tpbox poKiB, y 'liOM)' Koponh He BiJJ..MOBMB HOM)', aJie Ha neBHHX YMOBax. lloTiM, poKY 1464, BnaJJ..HCJiaB, xoq i MaB nepeMup'H a KoponeM Ka3HMHpoM, Ja.zcyMaB Yt.JHHHTH 3aMax Ha HOrO >KHTT..H, np11rOT}'BaB ,lJ.JI.S: HbOro oTpyry, HaHHHBM.H Uhoro o,nHoro ap~HHKa-qexa, HKoro 6yno cninMaHo B PyrHax. Qeii, 6oRt.~HCb M)'K, caM oTpyiscH Qi€10 JK OTpyroro, HKa 6yna JamuTa B OJJ....H3i; BOHa 6yna TaKa OTpyHHa, l.l.\0 XTO XO'll TpOXH .D.O Hei TOpKaBC..H, TOH noMupas. HeBJJ..OB3i np11ixas 11..0 Ka3HMHpa no con Bill. qechKoro KopoJI.SI, npoxaJOqH JJ..OnoMorH npoTH MaTiawa, HKHH He ,noTp11MaB csoro CJIOBa i smosas y Mopasii Ta tiexii. Koponb Tyr >Ke noCJiaB HOM)' .nsa,nuRTb qoTupu THcaqi qepBOH.MX 3JIOTHX Ha 3aT.Sir BiHCbKa (?) H caM fOT}'BaBCR BHC'Ij'DHTH aa HHM Ha siitHy .no BpoLVJaBa. TaM, 3H11W:HBWH B 6HTBi Ki.nbKa THCRtl yrop:uis, 3HOBY 3M)'CHB MaTiawa npocHTH nepeMHp 'a. lloTiM Bna,nucnaa aycTpisCJI 3 .Ka:JHMHpOM, BOHH 3 paJJ..iCTIO Mi>K C060IO BiTaJJHCR. lloTiM KO>KHa

343

'Dv.t6iH.C tJI(IJi1, K.PpOHHUU

niikl(flp6ii1. no.1ow pu6 I(_H5!J i8

'Dv.t6iH.CbiQl i1 poJ6u6 yzopc111(j 6ii1cbi(Q

~ocy~p

IJ ~OJ!IJ~i

t]J[amapu H.a Pyci t]J[ypi(_U

poJ6Uilu nepci8

Ce.Muz.opo~i

niiJiJa10mf>C.JL

1(aJu.Mupy ~ept.MupR 9r(amja.

UU)C

KHHrA II 1>t.M6iHCbiQlU. canilo.Mupcb· I(Jli1 6oe8cWa

3 TpbOX CTOpiH BH,ll,iJIMJia no 'IOTHpH OC06M Ha MMpHi neperonopu: npe.n.· cTaBHI1KaMI1 ni.n. KopoJI.H KaaHMHpa 6yJIH RJ<Y6 ,neM6iHCbKHH, caHJJ.OMHpChKHH BO€no.u.a, CTaHiCJian OcTpopor - Ka.nicbKHH, MuKoJiaH 3 PyrHa JieHt.IHUhKHH, AH.n.JKeii Po)l(a, JieH'"IHUhKHH npo6ow;. t.JechKHH Ta yropcbKHH KOpOJii TaKO)K BH,li.iJUIJIH no t.IOT11p11 npe.U.CTaBHHKH, KOTpi B)l(e 6 ,li.OMOBHJIHCb npo BilJHMH MMp Mi)K HHMH, a6M TiJibKH KOpOJib BiMaB CBOIO .U.OliJ<Y 3a MaTiarna. Alle KopoJiena E.n:b)K6eTa He .U.03BOJIMJia i1 cJiona npo rxe cKaaaTH, 6o MaTiarn - ceJIIOK, noKpyq, BOJIOUJMH, apa.D.HHK, He ri.u;HHH ii .lJ.O'IKM. CnonoM, .HK ne.n.eTbC.H y )KiHOK, KOTpi MaiOTb 6araTo BJia.u;M. KopoJih ii y J.XbOM}' nocJiyxan. Alle He MMHYJIO i1 TPM.li.U.HTH Mic.Huin, I I (c. 58) .HK BOHM yKJia.nH Mi)l( co601o MHp. O.u;HaK MaTiaUJ, He 3Ba.JKa10'1M Ha yKJia.u;eHe nepeMHp'H, onoJio.u;in .n.e.HKMMH 3aMKaMH B Mopanii, ni.n.Kynunmu ixHix cTapocT. lloTiM HecKopo noMMPHJIMCb TaKMM t.IHHOM: BJia.u;McJian Man 6yrM qechKMM KopoJieM, a MaTiam oTpMMynan Cine3i10 Ta Mopani10; a.Jie .HK6H neprnMM noMep MaTiam, To.u;i ui 3eMJii MaJJM 6yr:11 nonepHeHi

?tfamiazu no.Mep fJJJr aiJuCJZa8 cma8 yzopc~>I(JLM

KPPOJ!e.M

fl!T.amapu -tu~mll

IUI(!JOy

9JTatnllpC111@ nepenpa8a

t.JecbKOMY KopoJiincTBY,

.u.o TOro )I( niH Man .HoMy .u.aTH copoK TMC.Ht.I 3JIO·

THX. t.Iepe3 KiJihKa poKiB noMep MaTiaUJ, w;o 3 pa.u.icTIO 6yJio cnpMHH.HTO ciJie3hKMMM KHH3HMM Ta iHUJMMM cyci.n.HiMM npanMTeJI.HMM. A B;ra.n.HcJian onoJio.u.in YropcbKMM KopoJiiBCTBOM. PoKY 1474. ,lJ.aHo KopoJIIO Ka3MMMPY 3HaTM, mo ciM TMc.HqTaTap nepenpanMJIMCH t.~epe3 ,lJ.Hinpo y TOMY Micui, .HKe Ha3MBaiOTb TanaHb (Tawaszte), IUO Hi6HTO 03HalJa€ llO·HaiiiOM}' «nepeniJ» . .[{Hinpo TaM HaHmMplllHH, O.li,HaK OCTpOBH CTO.HTb TaK rycTO, II.{O Bi.li. O)J.HOrO )1.0 .u;pyroro MO)I(Ha JierKO .l(iCTa· THCH, ni.n.not.IMBaiOt.IM Ha KO)I(HOM}' 3 ocTponin. TaM pocTe .n.o6pa Tpana, TOMY TaTapM,nepenpanJI.HIOt.IHCb t.~epe3 .[{Hinpo, 3aB)I()J.M ni.u;no'"IMBaiOTb Ha ocTponax KiJibKa)J.Hin, nepm Hi)l( iTH ,11.0 Hac. DoKH KopoJiiBCbKMH .u.nip 3i6panC.H npOTM HMX, TO BOHH CKpi3b norpa6ynaJIH 6iJI.H KaM' .SIHQ.SI, faJIM'"Ia, fJIHHHH, ,nY"aHQH, 36ap3.)Ka, fOJIOrip, MaH)Ke Ha CTO Ml1Jib )J.OBKOJla BCIO 3CMJ110 llOBOIOBaJJH. OcKiJibKH ue TpanHJIOC.H MaH)I(e B )I(HMBa, TO BOHH llOJIOHHJII1 )J.OCHTb 6araTO JIIO)J.eH. Y QeH t.IaC BOHM B3.HJIM H 36apa)l(, y KOTpOMY 6yn KH.H3b JlnHyr. TaM noraHi B3.HJIM B HeBOJIIO HOrO .U.py)I(MHY 3 HaHMOJIO,li.IIIHM CHHOM, CaM )l(e 6aTbKO 3 ,li.BOMa CHHaMH Ta ,ll,Ot.IKaMM Jie,li.Be BTiK. JlbBiBCbKHH apxiEnHCKOn

9vfy31Cnicm~> (6uHI(U

€)1(i o6opoHHB cno€ MicTe'"IKO ,ll.yHa€J.Xb, a CnHHKa- lloMo)l(a·

HH, He MaiOlJH HaBtTh rnecTH BO.HKIB, MYJKHbO .lJ.liOlJH, CTpHMan Kyny no· raHuin. To.n.i TaTapH 3axonHJIH 3 co6o10 .n.o eTa THC.HlJ mo.u.eu. Harni lx nepecJii.u.yna.nH, a.ne Hilloro IM He 3ano.n.i.HJIH, HannaKH, ui nc11, BTiKaiOt.IH, B6HJIH 6araTbOX HaUJHX.

91TypK!l fJ ')'zopi!juHi

PoKY 1475. TypKH 6e3 )I(O.lJ.HOro onopy BOIOBaJIH cKpi3b B Yrop~HHi, ni.u. Bapa)l(.li,HHa a)l( .u.o piKH THcH, lJHH.H'"IH neJlHKi UJKO.lJ.H.

Uboro )I( poKy 3ropiJio y KpaKoni CTO 6y.D.HHKin Heno.u.aJiiK 6paMH en. MHKOJJaJI. Uboro )I( poKy 6yJla TaKa BeJIHKa noniHh y KpaKoni, ~o y (Koc·

'lJOZOHI>

'l(paK.POi

TbOJJi) 6epHap,li.HHiB BO,ll,a 6yJJa Ha BiBTapi. t.Jepe3 Qe BCJJHKa WKO,li.a 6yJJa 3a· no.u.i.sma JIIO,li..HM y 36i)l()l(i; BO,ll,a CKpi3h n03MHBaJJa MOCTI1. Capa11a

Uboro )I( poKY 3 Yrop~HHM Ta Mopanii npHHrnJJa capaHa, .HI<a 3an.u.ana neJlMKol UJI<O.lJ.H, Hai16iJlbllle B C€pa,n3hKii1 Ta JleHt.IMUbKii1 3eMJJ.Hx i n Ma3onil.

344

KHHrA II PoKy 1476. llp11lxas ni)l. Typei-\hKOro C)'JITaHa I<opo;rinchKHH nocoJI, po3noni)l.aJO'-IJ.J, lli,O )l.O MoJI)l.anil ii.ne 3 seJIHKUM niiichKOM caM cy;ITaH MaroMeT. MoJI,l\aBChKHii rocno~ap CTecpaH, M)')I(HhO ,nasllnf iioMy ni)l.ci'-1, nHKypHB iioro 3i csolx KOp)l.oHiB. I I (c. 59) Pol<}' 14 77. 'YechKHH KopOJih BJia,.l\I1CJias 3i6pas 8000 siM:cbKa Ha noMitt iMnepaToposi <l>pi.npixy, 3 KOTPHM i1 caM nilllOB .u.o AncTpil. lloTiM I.\eM iMnepaTop OC06HCTO 3aTnep,nHB HOrO Ha lleCbKOM)' KOpOJiiBCTBi. POK)' 1478. ,ZJ.o KOpOJI.SI npH6)'B 3 BCJIMKMMH IIO)l.ap)'HKaMM IIOCOJI rypel-\bKOfO cyJITaHa, 3 .HKHM 6ys i nocoJI TaTapchKoro xaHa Hyp.AilJI.HHa (Nurdwlana); BOHM o6H,nsa 6a:>KaJIM B3aEMHol npM.H3Hi Ta Bi'-IHOro MMPY· TypKa npHBeJio Te, ll(O iioMy He noll(aCTHJIO 3 MOJI)l.aBCbKHM rocno.u.apeM CTe¢aHoM. ,ll.o Toro )I( HOM)' .u.oniKano, ll(O npoTH Hboro 3MOBHJII1Cb iHUii xpHCTM.SIHChKi npaBMTeJii. KopoJib cKa3aB, ll(O siH pa.u.Hii 36epiraTM MHp 3 KO)I(HHM MOHapxoM, TaK ll(O i 3 HMM XO'-le 6yr11 B )l.06pii1 np11.H3Hi M He 6y.u.e norop.u.)l(ysaTM sittHHM MHPOM. 3a)l.JI.H 1-\hOro KOpOJib y csoro ttepry nocJiaB csolx nocJiiB .u.o Type'tP.JHHH. PoKY 1479. TaTapH B)l.epJIHCh Ha Tio.u.iJIJIH. Kon11 )I( BOHM nottynM B Pyci npo Ha6JIH)I(eHH.SI CnHTKa R poCJiascbKOro Ta RHa O.u.posOH)f(a, no.u.i.nbCbKOro BO€BO)l.l1, 3 BiHCbKOM, TO nosepH)'JIM reTh, aJie nputtaiJIHCH B lJopHOM}' nici. RK TinhKH Harui po3'ixaJIHCH, 1-\i TaTapM3Hosy B)l.apunH, norpa6ysaJIH :H cnaJIHJIH :Opal-\Jias, a Bi.ZJ. 3aMK)', )l.e roJIOBHHM 6ys lJopTopuiicLKMH, lx Jie)l.se si,n6HJIH. TaK TaTapu nimJIH Ha3a,.l\ 3 seJIHKOJO 3)l.o6uqqiQ. Y QeH ttac MOCKOBCbKHH KHH3b lBaH 6e3 )1(0)J.HOrO onopy 3axOnHB )' JlHTBH BeJIHKHH Hosropo.ZJ. 3 seJIHKHMH CKap6aMH. KoJIH KopoJIL .u.i3HascSI npo Qe, TO DOIXaB 3 .ZJ.p)')I(HHOIO M )l.iTbMH )1.0 JlHTBH, .ZJ.OpyqHBlllH Bci DOJibChKi cnpasu reHepanosi :M KpaKiBChKOM}' CTapocTi RK)'6y ,l1.eM6iHChKOM)' i1 llaBJI)' RceHCbKOM)', 11.06pe o6i3HaHHM y puuapcLKHX cnpasax, HKi )J.OCHTh nopH.ZJ.HO Ta eHepriHHO Kep)'BaJIH KOpOHHOIO pjqqiQ llocnOJIHTOIO . .AJie KOpOJIIO He nomacTHJio, 11 Hosropo.ZJ. 3aJIHlllHBCH ni.u. MOCKOBCLKHM KHH3eM. :QLoro )K pol<)' s CeMuropo.ZJ.ChKi:M 3CMJii, 6iJI.H Co6Hhosa (Sobniowa), yropni nepeMOrJIH CTO THCSJq rypKiB 3aB,ZJ.HKI1 CTecpaH)' naTopiio. Ilepm Hi)l( p03DOqaTH 6HTB)', BiH 30608 '.H3aB npHCSirOIO yropQiB, ll(06 BOHH 6HJIHC.H )l.O ocTaHHLoro no,ZJ.uxy, ane He BTiKaJIH. focno)l.h Bor ,ZJ.onoMir iM, i BOHH OTpHMaJIH nepeMory, XOq i He 6e3 IIIKO,li;H, 60 6)'JIO B6HTO Hatfnep11IOI'O niCJI.H EaTopiH BO)K,n.H- Ilasna KHeca 11 paQhKoro KH.H3.H .HpHqa, .HKi MaJIH seJIHKi 3ac.nyr11 y 3)J.06)'TTi yropQ.HMH nepeMor. Pol<)' 1480. Y llonhmi 6ys cKpi3h seJIHKHH Mop. QIO nollieCTh 6yno 3aHeceHo 3 Yropi.UHHH, i BOHa TpHsana npoT.HI'OM .nsox poKiB. PoKY 1481. IloMep lliHMOH JlinHiQa, qepHeQh BepHap.U.HHCLKoro op.n;eH)", JIIO,li;HHa qecHoro )KHTT.H, .siKOI'O BB~Tb CB.siTHM, 60 6iJI.sl HOI"O MOI'HJIH si,n6ysaiOTLC.H qy.n;eca. .QLoro >K poKy noMep i 6ys noxosaHHH y BiJILHi KopoJiiBCbKHH CHH Ka3HMHp, 6iJI.H Ha,z:u-po6Ka .s~Koro xsopi JIIO.U.H .u.icraiOTL 3HaqH)' ,ztonoMory, I I (c. 60) ne 3HaiOTL ri, ~no .no HLoro 3BepTaiOTLC.sl. EaraTo nnmyrL Hami xpo~ HiKH npo HOI"O CB.HTC .>KHTTB.

345

MoniJa6anu pOJ61L1111 mypl(i6

/.Mnepamop 1(911¢ip)l!JE UCbi(9ZO

1(9p01U1

'llTypol( npocumb nepe.Mup Sl

'JJTamapu Ha !lloiJi.Mi

MocK§a 6g.Jl.!la

y j'lum6u !J{oGzopoJ .Rl(JJ6

'De..M6iu-

'Eamopiu

po;6u6 mypl(iJJ

!llo.ltUp

6epKDp· ihm~r;t. WILMOH

.9linH.iJ&4

KH:UrA II PoKY 1482. ByJIH seJIHKi aanopymeHHH Mi)l( p~o10 Ta npocTOJIIO.llOM y 't.Jexii B flpaai, KOJIH OCTaHHi, OC06JIHBO epeTHKH, KHHfJIHCb Ha KOCTbOJIH i norpa6yBaJIH ix, a llOTiM no6HJIH pa,izy, 'lleHu;iB i CBHIUeHHKiB Ta CTpiJIHJIH y BiKHa B KOpOJIR, 11KOrO fiOTiM 3aB)lHKH KJIOllOTaHHRM CHHiB Jp)l(i Jie,nse B6JiaraJIH. 9JTypi(Jl PoKy 1483. TypKH B311JIH B AnyJiii MicTo fi.npyH, ane iioro BH3BOJIHB 6 :;fn!Jilii HeanoJiiTaHCbKHH KopoJib aa .n:onoMormo yropuin. 9JTypi(JI. Pol<}' 1484. TypeUhKHM cyJITaH BaRaeT, HKHH 6yn nicJIR MaroMeTa, 6aSp.nu 1(&/lilo )l(aiOqu noMCTHTMC11 CTecpaHy BaTopiro aa nopaaKy csoro 6aTbKa, B3RB ma$iluop00 }'KpiWieHi 3aMKH KiJii10 B IloHH33i (,ZJ;YHaiO) H Einropo.n:6ea BTpaT, a BaJiacbKY aeMJIIO nosorosas ma6JieiO i norHeM. CTe<PaH, 6aqaqn HepinHi CHJIH, Bi.llCTYfiHB Ha aaxH~eHi Micu;R, 6o MoJI)laBCbKa JeMJIR e ropHCTOIO Ta 6oJioTHCTOIO i s 6araTbOX MicQRX 3apocJia JiicaMH. BiH noCJiaB no .n:onoMory .no KopoJIR KaaHMHpa. To.l(i poey EmKoro 1485 KopoJih BHpywHn .l(O Jlbsosa i HaKaaas pychKHM Ta JIUTOBCbKHM niMaHHM, ll(06 RKHaMillBH,l(llle 36HpaJIHCR )lO HhOro; niCJIR 'llOrO 6yJIO 6araTO THX, RKi 3 .l(06poi BOJii co6i Ha lllKO.l(y MlllJIH Ta iXaJIU, TaK I.UO BCiX JilO.l(eM, RKi MOrJIH npHMHRTH 6iif, 6yJIO llOHa.l( )lBa.l(QRTb THCR'll. KopOJib nepenpaBHBCH 3 HHMH qepe3 ,lJ;HicTep 6iJIH ranuqa i npu6ys .l(O KOJIOMHi; TaM Ha noJii nocTaBUJIH HaMeT, y RKOMY 6yJio BJiamToBaHo npecTOJI .n:m1 CrmtjaH, KopoJIR. Ty.u.H )I( .n:o Hhoro CTe<PaH nHillHO npHixas Ha KOHi. KoJIH niH )WJZi)a9ct.1(!l.u zocnoiJap, 3iHillOB 3 KOHR, TO i1oro 3YCTpiJIH KopoJiiBCbKi .u.nopHHH if npHBeJIH .l(O MOcmae Hapxa, .u.e niH cxWIHB npanop nepe.u. KopoJieM i caM snas .u.o if oro Hir, TaM 6actJ/UJ.M )l(e ia cnoiMH pa,u.HHMH naHaMH npMcRrHyB, ~o i niH caM, i i1oro Hai.Ua.l(KH J({lpO.IUl Bi'llHO 6yAYTh cJiyxHHHHMM llOJibCbKOMY KOpOJIIO i 6y.n:yTb 3 HHM cynpOTH KO)I(Horo M:oro nopora, nepecTepiraTHM}'Tb i1oro y BCbOMY, mo MaJIO 6u M:oMy 3aWKO)lHTH, TMM 6iJibllle He llO'llHHaTHMYTb 3 KUMOCb BiHHH 6e3 KOpOJiiBCbKOrO Bi.U.OMa; npo Qe y KOpOJiiBCbKOMy CKap6i € ,U.eTaJibHO HallHCaHHH JIHCT. TioTiM, KOJIM niH BCTaB, TO nouiJiynan KopoJIIO PYKY· TiicJI.H u;horo niH 6yn aanpomeHHM Ha o6i.l(, cis 3i CBOIMH 'IOTHpHa.l(QHTbMa pa.l(HHKaMH; OCb TaK niH , seJIHKHM noiH, mo nepeMaran rypKa, TaTap, yropnin, ni.u..nanc.H nOJihChKOMy KopoJiesi. TioTiM siH BHPYillHB .u.o CeMHropo.u.a, B3RBillM Ha llOMi'll TpH TMCH'Ii llOJihCbKOI KiHHOTH, 036pO€HOI CllHCaMH, Ha)l HKHMM 6yn Ha'llaJihHHKOM RH KapHKOBChKMM, JIIO.U.HHa, o6iaHaHa B punapcbKHX .u.iJiax i cnpanHa. To.u.i CTecpaH 3 QHMH noJIHKaMH noixan npoTH rypKiB, ane Hi.u.e .u.o CYTM'llKH He .u.iiilllJIO, TiJihKH, .u.e Mir, Hana.QaB Ha rypKiB 3 TicHHX KfTKiB, . a KOJIH IM )J.OBO,U.HJIOCb TH)KKO, TO MOJI,U.aBaHH Bl)J.CTyllaJIH )1.0 llOJibCbKOrO

niiichKa; och TaK lx (rypKiB) CTe<PaH BMKYPHB Ji cso€1 JeMJii. I I (c. 61) O.n.HaK KiJiiH i EiJiropo.n. 3aJIHIIIHJIHCh y HHx; a Qhoro Bi.11ropo.n.a .u.aneKo, aJK .u.o Kunpy, B03HJIOCh 36iiK)I(R, HKe 3 noJibChKHX KpaiH cnycKaJIH TY.U.H ):{HicTpOM, 60 Qe 6yn nOpT BChOrO llo.l(iJIJIH, 3HaMeHHTHH i paHiiiie. 1JTatTUlpu PoKY 1486. TaTapH n.n.epJIHCR B pychKi 11 no.n.iJibChKi Kpai, 3arHaJIH 'IHmpu'li n1110HiJpy10mb MaJIO JllO,U.eH Ta xy.n.o6M )lO CBOIX op,u., Te CaMe B'llMHHJIH H HacrynHOrO Ta 9Toi>iluul TpeTbOro poKy. He 6aiKaiO'llH .u.onwe TepniTH Qhoro, Kopollb Ka3HMHp, HK TiJihKH noqyn, mo BOHH nepenpaBHJIHCh 'lepea ):{HicTep, ni.n.npaBHB npont:

346

KHMrA II HMX csoro CHHa 51Ha Onb6paxTa 3 yciM cnoiM .nsopoM, ){O .HKoro npHE,nHaJIHOl no.nonnHH M. pycaKM. ,ll.i.HJJocn l.(e poKy 1489. 0Jib6paxT, 6a'"la\:.IM To,ni, J.UO TaTapH He XO\:.IYTb ,ZJ.OBfO CTORTH Ha MiCI.~i, a 1II<HaHWBM~llJe TiKaiOTb 3i 3.ZJ.06H\:.l\:.IIO, raJionoM noM't.JaB i nepeTHYB iM WJIRXH, MaiO't.JH np11 co6i Ko3aKiB, RKi 3HaJII1 l.(i Mic~n. TaKO.IK np11ixaa .n;o ceJia KonecTpHHa, .n.e, .n.on-

Pol\!} 1489

i.n.aswHCb, lltO TaTapH, RKHX 0'-IOJIJOBaJIIf ,ZJ.Ba ~apeBI11.Ja, B)Ke 3i 3.U06M1.J'lll0 mamap poJ6UJIU H.ZJ.YTb Ha3a.,n ABOMa Bii-iCbKaMM, BMCT}'ITMB npOTM HMX. TioMiTMBWM HaWHX 6iJIJL 'l(onec路 a.n.aJieKy, TaTapH npHaymtHHJJHCb, 3a caoiM 3BM\:.laEM lllBH.ZJ.KO CTaJJH .no mpuHa 6010, Bci BHCTpiJIMJIM 3 JiyKiB- a)K CTpiJiaMH 3aXMapHJIM He6o, BHaCJii,UOK '"loro nopaHHJIM HawMx i 6araTbOX KOHeti. Hauii, no6a'4MBWM ue, mo.n.yxy nOM'laJIH .n.o HHX i, aiTKHYBWMCb, nerKO aJiaMaJIM ixHiii onip, nicnH 'ioro TaTapH ITO'laJIH TiKaTI1 Ha 60JIOTa, Ha RKMX aarpy3JlM. Hawi >K HallaJIM Ha g][amap JH06y HMX, no6MJlM, a pewry B3RJlM y 110JlOH; TaM aarMHYJIO .UO n'RTHa.U~HTH THCR'l poJ6Ullu TaTap, Bi,n6HTO y HHX BCIO 3,A06H'l i 3BiJibHeHO B'H3HiB. IloTiM norHaJIHCH 3a iHlllMMH, KOTpi HWJIM )J.O KonecTpHHa oKpeMMM sii1cbKOM, HaTpanMJIH Ha Haw Ta6ip i norpa6yaaJIM iioro, .nyMaiO'liM, mo Hawi 3 Hboro BTeKJII1. To.n.i BOHH 3HaHWJII1 y Ta6opi Tp0XI1 Me.n.y M ropillKM i Bl11111Jll1 ix. A B ~eti qac Hami 3HeHal.(bKa B.ZJ.apHJIH Ha HHX, py6aJJH IX HK xy)J.o6y, 60 Ti HallHJIHCb, i TillhKH l.(apeBM'l 3 He6araTbMa 'liMHMB onip. O,nHaK siH He Mir .n.aTM na.n.y, 6ys nepeMo.iKeHI1i1 i s611T11ti. Tyr 3ari1Hyno me .no .necRTI1 THCJI'll TaTap, a Hawi TaK caMo si,n;611JII1 TaM 3HatJHY 3.ZJ.06M\:.l. TiicJIR qoro 0Jib6paxT 3.ZJ.06ys seJIHK)' CJiasy y scix pML(apcbKMX mo.n.e:i1. Q.s~ 6HTBa 6yna 6iJISI piKH CaspaHh, HKa sna..nae s Eyr. IloTiM poK)' 1450, nparHyqM noMCTMTHCH aa l.(IO nopaaKy, TaTapH BH6paJJH 3HMOBY nopy H HanaJIM Ha Tio.n.illllR, aJie TaM 6yJIM 3aMeTeHi CHifOM. Hami, CTaBWI1 Ha ixHi:i1 WJIRX, tiwm1 aa HHMH roTosoro .n.opororo, a BOHM, TopyiO'lM C06i nyrh, TaK 6yJIM HaTpy_n.i~<eHi, J.UO 6yn11 Hi B CMX Hi B TMX ; TOMY IX Hallli nepeMOrJIM, a TaTap TO.ZJ.i 3arHHfJIO .ZJ.CB'RTb THCH"t{. A B'R3HiB 6yJia TMC.H'la. PoKY 1491. KOJII1 Koponb no.zzyMYBaB npo siiiHY 3 MOCKOBCbKMM KHH3eM, HKMHCb Heri.n.HMK, MOJI.ZJ.aBaHI1H Myxa, npocTHH ceJIHHMH, ai6pas .no .n.ec.HTH THCH'I ryJibTHiB i sorosas TioKyrTH Ta pychKi KpaiHH. I I (c. 62) Konu KopoJib noqys npo Te, HanpaBMB npoTH Hboro HenepeciqHoro B pul.(apcbKHX cnpasax MY.il<a MHKOJia.H 3eMeJILI<f, HKHH po36MB .n.omeHry Myxy, o.n.HaK TOM caM BriK. A KOJUI BiH 3Hosy 3i6pas siikLKO, TO o.n.Ha pycuHKa, i1oro KoxaHKa, BH.ZJ.aJia :Horo; TaM .iKe Myxy Hawi cni:HMaJIH, i BiH a.n.ox y B'H3HHqi. IloTiM poKY 1492 y JIHTBi noMep KopoJib KaauMHp. Moro TiJio npuse3JIH .n.o KpaKoBa i TaM noxosanu B aaMey, y 1\anmnd Ca. XpecTa. BiH ncmysas Ha IlOJibCbKOMf KOpOJiiBCTBi 25 poKiB, a .iKHB 64 pOKH. Ilp113Ha'IHB CHHa 0Jib6paxTa Ha nonhCLKe KoponiscTBO, OneKcaH.n.pa - Ha JIHTOBCLKe KHHaiscTBO, Curi3MYH.n.a- Ha fnoriBCLKe KHH3iBCTBo, a pi,u;pixa- Ha EDHcxoncTBO KpaKiBCbKe H noaHaHCbKe.

npo OmJ5paxma XCJ1l MU u nucOJtu 8 nepwiu 1CHU3i, oe UWAOCA npo ntl41>Cb1CUX xqpoA,iB, oOHa1C i mym xopomeu'bxo a6epe~tto OeRKi eiiJHi na.M ~mi noiJii uoeo nauyBaHM npu 1C'H.Jl3eBi OACKca'Hdpi.

347

gj[amap

mpu-z.i poJ6umo

fMo.tWa8axUH fMy~颅

JPcWHU'(

KHHrA II

0 JI E K C A H ,l( P*, JIMTOBCbKI1H KHH3b I I (c. 63) O;u~

nW1uuHUU Ha.9lumo6· Cb~ I(!Ul·

;i8cm1Jo .9lumo6c~>ld

ytpe.MOHii

I1cJUI CMepri KOpOJUI Ka3MMMpa TOrO jl( poey 1492 naHM JIMTOB~i 3i6panM y BiJibHi cei1M, Ha HKOMY BacMJib i MMxaifJIO fnuHCbKi, cny~bKMI1 KHH3b CeMeH, TaKom KHH3i foJiblllaHCbKi, McTMcJiaBCbKi Ta fe,npoii~i. He noni,noMMBlliM npo ue noJIHKiB, a ~e 6yno ncynepeq yHii, 3ri,nHO 3 6aTbKiBCbKMM 6ajl(aHHHM i npoxaHHHM nOCTaBMJIM Ha JbnoBCbKe KHR3iBCTBO Ka3HMHposoro CMHa OJieKcaH~pa. 3a 3BMqaeM CBOiX Tpa,z:(MI.di~HMX u;epeMOHiM BOHH B,nHrJIM Ha HbOrO KHSI3iBCbK)' manK)', o3,no6JieH)' nepnaMM i1 ,noporMM KaMiHHHM, TaJ<Ojl( i Tpa,nMQii1Hi waTM. To,ni, KOJIM Bme MOrO noca,nMJIM Ha npeCTOJii, a BiJieHCbKMI1 €I1MCKOI1 qJiiHHB Ha,ll. HHM 6JiarOCJIOBeHHSI, BMCryTIMB MapiiiaJIOKJlMTOBCbKOrO KHR3iBCTBa XpenTOBM'l, 3ri):lHO 3 ,llaBHiM 3BH'la€M no.n.as i1oMy oroJieHMM Me'l i cKa3as: «Bi3bMM, HaMSICHiiiiMM KHSI3IO, SIKOrO MM o6pan11 co6i 3a KHS13H i BO~SI, QeH • v ' v Me'l 1 MaM OOBH)' BJia,ll}' Ha,ll HaMH, ane naM SITaM, ~0 TM. € sepXOBHMM HaA I.'(M.M KHSI3iBCTBOM, RKe 3aB~M. CTOSITMMe Ha)J. cyci,nHiMM qapCTBaMM M KOpoJiiBCTBaMM, TiJibKM. TaK naHY" Ha)J. HaMH, m;o6 HOCMB B O)J.HiM pyu;i Me'l, a B iHmiii - Jiacey, T06To m;o6 3JIHX cyaopicTJO i1 cnpane)J.JIMBiCTJO yrpHMfBaB (y nocnyxy), a .z:l06pMx mo6 npMropTaB .n.o ce6e caoiMH naHCbKMMM B'IMHKaMM Ta .n;o6pOTOIO. 5IKI.UO Tll TaK qJ1HM.TMMeiii, TO 6y.n.em piBHMM KO)I(HOMf KQpoJIIO, a RK~O Bi)J; qOfOCb Bi,ncrynMlliCR, TO,ll.i CaM 6y.n;em npMqHHOIO i CBOEi, i Hamoi 3ar116eJii». CKa3aBIIIH qe, niH no,nas MOM)' Meq, B3SIBIIIH SIKMH, KopoJib nO,nRK)'BaB i o6iQSIB 6yrM 3aB)I()J.M. MHJIOCTM.BMM naHOM.

970CJLU '.BeHe~ii

i6W mypeiJ~>I({JZO

C!JI'maHa

Mocl(§a 8ol0£ npomu

.9lum6u

!Tlepe.Mup A

J Mocl(jo10

I..J;horo )I( poK)' npHIXa.nM .n;o noJibCbKoro KopoJIH 0Jib6paxTa nocJIH si.n. BeHeqiaHqia i ai.n. Typeo;bKoro cyJITaHa BaSI3eTa. BeHeQiaHcbKHM nocoJI BMOBJISIB KOpOJIH, UJ;06 BiH 3 iHlliHMM XpHCTM.SIHCbKMMM. npaBHTeJI.SIMM BMpylliMB 3 aiikhKOM npoTM rypKiB, 6o Ha TOM qac rypKM, 3aBOIOBaBmM A.n:6aHiiO, 3aXOOMJIH }' BeHeQiaHQiB )Xyppec (Dyrachtct), MicTO Ha,z:( A.z:T.piaTM'lHMM MOpeM. TypeQbKHH nocoJI .n;aa HeMa.ni no.n.apyHKH i1 BM.Maras ,llaBHboro nepeMHp'H, 60 60SIBCH COI03}' npOTM ce6e 060X KOpOJiiB, i He JierKOBa)I(MB flOJibCKM.M Hapo,nOM, KOTpMM MOM)' ,naBC.SI B3HaKM. 3a MOJI)J.aBCbKOrO rocno.n.apSI CTecpaHa. ,Uonro o6.n.yMysan I<opoJib, 3 qHM ni.n:npaBMTH QMX nocJiiB, TOM}' TPHMaB lx y ce6e 6JIH3bKO poKy. BpemTi niH si,D,npanMB rypeQbKoro v • nocJia 3 THM, u~o .n.as HOM}' nepeMHP ' R Ha TPM poKM, a seHeQtaHCbKOMY Bi,lJ.MOBHB 3 THM, UJ;O HOM}' He CJii.D. TaK qHHHTH, 60 BiH yKJiaB 3 rypeQbKMM C}'JITaHOM nepeMHp'R. Poey 1493. BeJIMKHH KHR3b MOCKOBChKMH lsaH BacMJihOBHq, BH6pasmi-t: qac i noro.u.y 3a Hosoro OJieKcaH.n.poaoro naHyaaHHR, po3noqaa Ha noqaTKY 3MMM aii1HY B JlMTBi i B3.SIB B.SI3bMy, XJieniH (ChJepin), MEm;OK (Miesczok), Jli06o'leCbK (Lubociesk), MQeHCbK, Cepnyxon Ta iHmi, I I (c. 64) .n.yJKe 6araTo BOJIOCTei1 B CisepcbKiH 3eMJii. OJieKcaH.n.p. 6aqaqu, ~o .u.iETbC.SI, XOTiB OO'IaTM 3 HHM BiHHY, a.ne I10TiM, o6,nyMaB1UH, qepe3 I10CJiiB }'KJiaB 3

* .Z:bm. i.u.eun-t~IHHH MaJIIOHOK y KH. I (c. 117 opnriHcuJy).

348

KHMrA II HHM coi03 . ITic;ui Uboro nocJIH .2J.OMOBHJ111CSI sn.naTH 3a OJieKcaH.npa ,a:ot.rKy BCJIMKOrO MOCKOBCbKOrO KH.S13.H €JieHy, HapO,lJ,)K.CHY Bit( ,nOt.rKM neJIOOOHHeCb-

0JLel(flliU'lp' Jillllb )UXI(SJ8·

Cbl(pW

I(JIJlJSl

KOfO .necnoTa <l>oMI1 flaJieoJiora AHHH, ).(pyra cecTpa HKOI 6y11a 3a xopo6pHM MOJI).(aBCbKHM BOEBO).(OJO CTecpaHOM. IloTiM, y./Ke npH lliJJJ06i, MOCKOBCbKi noc;m 3 OneKCaH,npoM yxsa.nHJIH, mo nocepe.n siJieHCbKoro 3aMI<}' MaJia 6YTn 36y).(oBaHa pycbK.a uepKsa 3 KJI.SlUJTopoM JJ.JI.Sl: l..leHuis. OcKiJTbKH UJO cnpasy 1..1epe3 K.iJibK.a poKiB 3aHexa.n:JJH, TO MOCKOBCbKHH KHH3b p0300l..laB BiHHY npoTH OneKcaH).J.pa, npo ~o 6y.n.e cK.a3aHo .n.aJii. Pol<}'

1494. TypeUbKHJ1 cyJITaH, ).(OBi).(aBmMCb,

~o xpHCTMHHCbKi npa-

BMTem 3MOBJISIJOTbCSI npOTH HbOfO, 3HOBY llOCJiaB ):(0 OOJibCbKOrO KOpOJISI , ni).J.TBCp,li..IKYIOl..IH nepeMHp'SI o6oniJibHHMM npHCSiraMH. L.(efl rypeUbKMH

WTypJQL nii>m6ep·

a:HCywmb nepe.MupR

noco11 JynHHHBc.n: TO).(i s KHH.IKiH KaM'SIHHUi Ha po3i y KpaKosi, a sep6JIJO)liB, .n:Knx 6yno micTHa.lJ.UHTb , nocTaBHB ni)l paTymeiO. CTapi JIIO)lH, Hid naM' SITaJIH nponosi)lh MOHaxa KanicTpaHa, Ka3aJIM, n~o TO)J.i 36ynoc.n: Te, mo niH Ka3as, a caMe: rypKn m:e nocTaBJISITb I<OJIMCb csolx sep6JIIO)J.iB nocepe.n. KpaKiBCbKOro pHHI<)', i ue CTaJIO To.n.i SIBHMM; TOMY ).J.HBHO npo ue po3MipKoB}'BaJIH. PoKy 1495. TIMme EEJlbCbKHH, mo y seJIMKOMY KOJieriyMi B KpaKosi 3HaH)J.CHO CKap6 B MYPi, .n.e CoKpaTiBCbKHH JICKTopiH:, ouiHeHO H:oro 6yno

Y 1\._0AUi!:J.Mi J1UZUikHO Cl(flp6

Ha )lCCSITb THC.Sl:t.f t.repBOHHX 30JIOTHX, CXO.IKC, mo UC 6ys EBpeHCbKHH CKap6, 6o paHime TaM .IKHJIM Enpel; i TOMY .IK Cboro.n.Hi KOJieriaTH CBSITKYIOTb .n.eHb cs. Jla)lHCJiasa, 6o s uei1 )lCHb 6yno 3Hai1)leHo Jra)laHMH cKap6. Eyn11 TaM qepsoHi 30JIOTi, Ha HKHX 6ys HanHc:

«Marya, krolowa w~gierska» ( «MapiH,

Koponesa yropcbKa» .-10. M.), BBa.IKaiO, ~o MaJiacSI Ha ysa3i Ta, KOTpa 6yna 3a iMnepaTOpOM CHriJM)'H)J.OM; ueii CKap6 KOpOJib 0Jib6paxT KynHB y KOJleriaTiB. A Kap)J.HHaJI <l>pi.n.pix B3HB Y HHX KOlliTOBHi nepcHi, a 3a l(C ,l.(aB IM . TlJibKH n ' HT).(CCHT rpHBCHb. Pol<}'

1496, HanpHKiHQi MiCSIUH sepecHH, 3aB)J.aJIH seJIHKoi mKo,n:H ne-

peKoncbKi TaTapH Ha Ilo,n:iJIJii Ta BoJIHHi. TipoTH HHX KopoJib nocJiaB csi:H: ,n:sip, KOTpHH , o6'E)lHaBlliHCb TaM 3 HC"'HCJICHHHMH HaHMaHI..(.Sl:MH Ta lliJISIX-

9Hamapu na ~tWi.Juzi

TOIO, JiTKH}'BCH 3 TaTapaMH, KOJIH Ti mKe umJIH 3i 3,n:o6H"l"'IO, 6iJia BHmHisLVI· HamHM cno"laTI<}' ~acTHJIO, O)J.HaK, 6y.n:y"~H oTo"leHi seJIHKOIO KiJILKiCTIO

9tfy:HCi r(p.M Juuljb1\j

nOraHI..(iB, BOHH 6HJIHCH HaCMepTb, aJie TaTapH IM 3aB,n:aJIH Jl:Y)Ke BeJIHKHX J(Ja8Ha BTpaT cTpi.JiaMH. TaM 6yno s6HTO EH.ll:)I<Hxa KaM'HHCI..(bKoro Ta .l(3EP*Ka puljllpi fJIOBiHCbKOrO. PoKY 1497. Eys noxi)J. 3 llonhm:i Ta 3 liHTBH )J.O Type"'"'HHH, ane Hem:acJIHBHH, 6o qepe3 Mon.n:ascLK}' 3pa.,n;y 6araTo HamHx 6yJio po3rpoMJieao ni,n nyKOBHHOIO, SIK OllHCaHO BHme, y nepllliH KHH3i, B iCTOpii KOpOJIH 0JIL6paxTa.

(c. 65)

PoKY 1498. Ha no"laTKY MiCHQH TpaslUI KJIHTBOnopymHHK MOJI,AascLKHH rocno,llap CTeq>aH, Ha6HB1IIH PYKY Ha noJIHKax ni.ll BfKOBHHOIO, 3i6pas seJIHKe BiikbKO MOJI)J.aBaH, BaJiaxiB, TypKiB i TaTap, 3 HKHMH B,n:epCH )J.O Pyci H Ilo,lliJIJIH, MHayBmH JILBiB, i IDK 11.0 MicreqKa KaHb1J}'I'H i 11.0 piKH BiCJioKa CnJIIOH.ZJ:pysas sci cena i MicTe'IKa; cnaJIHB TiepeMHIWih, Pa..n;HMHO, llepesopcLK, JlaaLuyT; TaTapu, T}'PKH i% Mon.nasaHH BHBeJtH 3BilJ.TH seJXHKY

349

KHHfA II

X!Jn¢eiJepa· f;ill yzcptji8 3 no.n.RJ(a.Mu

!JJTpu8oza !J 9TOJib'!P 'EplUUl

c8. ~.llbpUzHtl y ?(pa'(98i

'Biibcu 8 lmClJiii

KiJJhKicTh JIJO~eu, 6o Koponh y I.{eM qac xnopin. lloTiM MicnQn JJHDHH TaTa· pH, 3HOBY HanaBlliH Ha Ti )I( CaMi Kpai, 3aB~aJJM HeMaJJOI IIIKO~H; TOM}' KOpOJib 0Jib6paxT uaKa3aB nciii lliJinxTi nMpymnTH ua niMH}' Ta 6e3 3aTpMMKH eTa· TM 3i 36po€JO B pyKax 6iJJH Cau~OMMpa. Konu ua Qe uawi niHMBO 36upanH· en, sopor 3 neJIHKOJO 3~o6MqqJO nonepuyncH ~o op~u: nTiM uawi, Te)l( B'IH· HHBWM He6araTO Meuwy WKO~y, Hi)l( TaTapM, 30KpeMa 6iJI.SI CaH~OMHpa, Te)l( 3a6panMcst ~o cnoix ~oMinoK. Koponh Onb6paxT nocnan ~o yropcbKoro Koponn rnorincbKoro KHH3H, 6paTa CMri3MYHAa,- 3Ci.AJIH B3a€MHoi AOnoMorn npoTM no poria o6ox KOponiBCTB, Ha IUO B)l(e 6yna KOH<jle~epaQist yropl.{iB 3 llOJIHKaMM i no KOCTbOJiaX cninauo « Te6e, Bo:HCe, xea.aww»; QHM sci 6ynu nTiweui. Ta mo iK, KOJIH Qe HalliMM He niWJIO Ha KOpHCTb, 60 TfT )l(e, HeB~OB3i nicJUI TaTap, HanpHKiHQi MiC.Hl.{H JIHCTona,n.a, ciM~ec.HT THC.H'l T}'pKiB B)].epnuc.H qepe3 MoJI~aniJO B llo,Ai.JIJIH, BOIOBaJIH TaM BOrHeM i Me'leM BCi BOJIOCTi 6iJIH ,l(HicTpa, fanuqa, )KH)].a'lena, ,l(poro6H'la if CaM6opa, a He nepecTanH 6 pyuuynaTH, RK6H IX CaM focnO,lJ.b Eor He nraM)'BaB, OCKiJibKH HaCTaB CMJibHHU MOp03 i nunan TaKHM neJIMKHM cuir, mo ui pyxaTMCH.lJ.aJJi, ui nonepnyTHCn TYPKH ue MOrJIM. TaM, KpiM IXHiX KOHeM Ta xy)].06H, CaMMX JIIO)].eif 6iJibllle HiiK TIOHa)J. copoK TMC.H'l no)].OXJIO ni)]. xoJio)].y. EaraTo noTiM 6yJio 3Haii)].euo TaKHX, KOTpi, B6HBWM KOHeH , pHryBaJJHCb Bi~ BeJIHKOrO XOJIO.Uy, BJia3R'IH B p03TIOpoTi KiHCbKi iKMBOTM. Juwi iK, KOTpi BTeKJIM, 6yJIH nepe6HTi MOJI~aBCbKMM rocno~apeM CTe<jlaHOM, .HKMH non6Hpan cnoix MOJI.n;anaH y noJibCbKHM o,nstr, mo Moro ua EyKonuui ni~i6pan y noJIHKin, i cKaaan, mo ix no6HJIH noJI.HKH. To)].i uanan ua lloJibiUY TaKMH cTpax, mo see :>KHBe BTiKano, a iurni uaniTb xoTiJIH noKHH}'TM lloJibmy. Ha KpaKin Te:>K npMiimJia TaKa TpHnora, IUO MiiUaHH WBM,li.KO ITO'IaJIM CKpiab nonpaBJISITH M)'pM. Y [\eH 'laC 6yJio 3Be.n;euo 6paMY en. <l>JiopiHua 3 THMH ne:>KaMH, 36y.n;osauo nan ni.n Kn:ena.JKa, a Py.n;ana Mi:>K sanoM Ta MypaMH 6yJia nymeua. PoKy 1499. CTa.nac.H yro.n;a Mi)l( noJibChKHM KopoJieM 0Jib6paxTOM Ta MOJI.n;ancbKHM no€no~oiO CTecpauoM, HKHH npocHn Kopomi, a611 TOM npo6a'1Hn HOM)' MHHYJii 3yxna.nbCTBa, a niu HOM)' o6il.\Hn 6yTu noMi'IHHKOM npo™ KO:>KHoro nopora. KopoJih, stK .no6pHi1, I I (c. 66) n'lHHHn Qe, i 3Hony CTe<jlau .nan uoMy cno€ .n;anu€ ni.n;.naucTno. Y [\eM qac 6yJIH BeJIHKi BiHHH B }TaJiii, 60 icnaHQi 3 <jlpauQy3aMH 3a HeanoJiiTaucbKe KopoJiincTBO, a MaKCHMiJiiau 3i wnei.fl.\apl.\HMH, TaKo:>K nana 3 <jJJiopeuTiHQ.HMH, a neueQiauQi 3 reuye3Q.HMH, uaniTh MiJiaH[\i 3i cnoiM npasHTeJieM JliO.n;BiKoM Ccpopl.\a, ,zd.n;oM noJibChKOI KopoJienH EouM, 6e3ynMHHO BeJIH BiHHH. Toro :>K poKy po.n;HJIOC.SI n Ka3HMHpi y KpaKoni, cepe.u €npein , TeJISI 3 .z:r.noMa roJioBaMH, o.z:r.ua 6yJia 33a.z:r.y, a iuwa- cnepe.u.y, Ta xnicT 6yn nocepe.z:r. xpe6Ta; nouo Mano ciM uir ua npanoMy 6oQi, a ua JiiBoMy- :>Ko~uol, iurni 'IJieHH Ma.JIO llOBHicTIO, 6yJio neBHOIO MipoiO CXO:>Ke Ha 6JIH3H.HT, ,ll;OBrO Ha )1.HBO JIIO~SIM BOHO Jie)l(aJIO nepe.z:r. rJIHH.HHHM cpopTOM (?). Toro :>K poKy 1499. BeJIHKHH KHst3b MOCKOBCbKHM Inan BacHJibOnHq ni.u. npHno.n;oM Toro, mo OJieKcau~p ue 36y.n;ynan y niJieHCbKOMY 3aMKY pycbKOi QepKBH i1oro .n;ot.tQi €.neui, nKa 6yJia i.foro .up~HHOJO, a KpiM Toro, nparuyn

350

KHMrA II MaTH npaao Ha pychKi KpaiHM am no pi •<y Eepe3HHy, 3MODHBWHCb i3 nepe- 9v(ocl(p(}u rn pOJIIO'Ul6 KoncbKHM xaHOM MeHrJii-fipeEM i Ka3aHChKHM xaHoM MaxeTaHOM, po3no- 8ii1H!J qaa ai11Hy npoTa JlHTDJ1. BiH TaKo>K nocJiaa riiu~is .no MO>Kat1cbi<oro KHSI3Sl CeMeHa i .z:to .noporo6y3bKOro KHH3.H Bacwu1 llleMHlJHqa, ni,z:tMOBJIHIOlJH ix, IU06 BOHii )biTBy, 3Bi,AKJ.I MOrJIH, ryp6ysa.n11, a SIK611 BOHY.I B3HJII1 JIHTOBCbKi 3aMKH, TO BiH o6iUHB see iM si.n.rtaTM. A KOJIH npHcSirHys IM Ha ue, To 3apa3 DOCJiaB CDOrO BO€BO.ll.Y JlKOBa 3axapMHlJa Ha ,z:tODOMOry IM, i BOHH pa30M pywHJJH ):tO EpHHCbKa i CisepcbKOi 3eMJJi. KOJJH ni,niHWJIM ni.z:t opHHCbK, BOEBO.D,H To.n.i TaM He 6yJio. BoHH B3HJJH 3aMoK, a Mi cTo cnamum: . TaKHM lJMHOM, TO.D,i a pyKH MOCKOBChKOro KH.st3ST noTpam.fJJH TaKi 3aMKH, nK Y:epHirin, CTapo,ny6, Hosropo.u.-CiaepcbKHH Ta iHwi. A noTiM, po3,niJJHBlllH silkhKO Ha TpH, pym11a Ha Toponeu.b, Ei.ny i .l(oporo6y)K (Drohobyczowi). noqysmM npo ue, OJieKCaH,z:tp 3i6pas BiHCbKO i nocJiaB 3 HMM CBOro reThMaHa KH.H3.H KocTHHTHHa 0cTp03bKoro, MHKOJia.H Pa.u.3Mainna, fpluopi.H OcbQiKa Ta 6araTo iHmHx, a caM 3 HMMH pymHB .u.o Eop11coaa; KocTHHTHH pyxasc.H Ha CMoJieHCbK, a B TOM 11ac y CMoneHCbKY 6ys BOEao.ua CTaHiCJiaB KimKa, B3HBmM HKoro 3 co6mo, KocTHHTHH npHM)'Bas .no .l(oporo6y>Ka i1 ,nicTaB TaM H3MKa. Toii nosi)loMMB, mo MOCKOBCbKHH reTbMaH RKia 3 HeseJIHKMM BiHCbKOM CTO.SIB nit( .l(oporo6y>KeM, a.ne B>Ke TpeTiH ,ll,eHb HK npHHlilliH .no Hhoro iHllli MOCKOBCbKi BOEBO.UM 3 6araTbMa JIIOt(bMM. I TOM)' >K He pa,ll,MB IM, a6H BOHH BlJHHHJIH 3 MOCKBOIO 6MTBy, OCKiJJbKH Hallli1X 6yno MaJIO. O,nHaK >Ke Hallli, He MaiOlJH HOM)' B QbOM)' aipu, pyxa.nHCb Ha MocKay i npMHlilliH .no ceJia JlonaTMHe, He .u.oxo,n.H'1H .no piKM Be,npollli, i1: 3ynMHHJIMC.H 3a .nai MHJii I I (c. 67) ai.u MOCKOBChKoro siiichKa. TaM BOHH .n.i3HaJIHC.H HaneaHO~ IUO MOCKOBHTIB .zcy>Ke 6araTO i ~0 Ti B>Ke lJeKaiOTb HalliHX, CTO.HTb 036po€Hi Ta roTosi .no 6MTBM 6iJIH Be.rtpomi. ToM)' KocT.HHTMH eTas pa,nHTHC.H 3 naHaMu i1 puuapcTBOM ~o.no caolx no,naJihlliMX ):(iii; Hami noro,nHJIMC.H ,naTM 6MTBY MOCKBi. IJiCJIH QbOro pyxa.nnc.H .n;Bi Ml•llli JiicaMM i 60JIOTaMM, a CKOpO BMHIIIJIH Ha DOJie, 3iTKH}'JIHC.H 3 MOCKBOIO, .n;e DOJISirJIO 6araTO JIIO)J;eH 3 o6ox 6oKiB, BTiM MOCKBa Bi.AcrynHJia TpoxH 3a piKf Be.npomy, 6o oqiKYBana npH6fTT.H 3 nicy 6iJibllle JIHTOBChKMx JIIO,Aeii. Kom1 JIHTBa npniilliJia .no piKH Be.npomi, MOCKBa no6aqHJia ,ny>Ke MaJie JJHTOBCbKe BiHCbKO, KOTporo ,AiHCHO 6yno BCbOrO TpH 3 llOJJOBMHOIO THC.HlJi, MOCKBH >K- COpOK THC.HlJ. ~onpaB

npomu .9lum8u

'}.{ocl(j}a Ja;rpn!Ula JQ.)ti(U

8 CWepcr,l(jli JeM.IIi

9\pCm.JlH·

muH, I(H.RJI>

OcmpoJI>ItJIU

.9l.um6a po36uma

,na, MOCKOBCbKe BiHCbKO 6yJio 3aKpMTe B Jlici, TOM)' i Bi)l HaWHX BOHH OtJiK}'BaJIM TaKoi >K XHTpocri. KoJIH >K no6at~HJIH , 11.\0 Hami He MaJOTb >KO.AHoro ni.n;Kpill1IeHH.SI, 3aB'.H3aJIH DOTf>KHf 6MTBy. 0Te CXOBaHe B Jlici MOCKOBCbKe BiHCbKO panTOBO a.n;apHJIO 3 iHmoro 60K}' Ha JIHTBy, a USI, nepeJI.HKaHa HeCDOt(iBaHOIO XHTPicTIO, BTpaTHJia CMJIY .zzyxy 11: noqana TiKaTu. TaM cepe.ll. iHWHX MOCKBa CXODHJia CaMOrO reTbMaHa KH.H3H KoCT.HHTHHa, fpuropilr OchuiKa, MapmanKa JliToaapa XpenTOBH'Ia, MHKOJiaH fJie6oauqa rep6a «JleJiiBa~t, €>Ki 3eHOBH'ia Ta iHWMX; Ti, 11.\0 3aJIHWHJIHCb, 6aqaqu ue, DOKH· HfJIH Ta.6ip. TaM >Ke TPH JaMKH, .l(oporo6)?K, Toponeub i BiJia, ni.zma.nucg MOCKOBCbKOM)' KHJl3esi , JJ.e TaKO)K IJ,Ba pi.uHi 6paTH, KHJl3i ciaepCbKi, Ha iM 'J[ llleMR!JiftJi, RKi npHCJiraJIH JIMTOBCbKHM KHJ13RM, npHCTa.JIIf IJ.O BeJIHKOrO KHJ13H MOCKOBCbKOro. TaKHM 'IHHOM, 3a O~HH BiHCbKOBMH noxit( i 3a O~HH piK MOCKOBHT B3.RB see Te, 11.\0 BeJIHKHH JIHTOBCLKHH KH113b BiTOBT JJ.icTaBaB

351

MoacPa

o6oJJoai8tU 11umo8c•'(JtMu J~ll

Ci8tpc•ld IQUJi ntpt·

iitu.Au H4 6il(. 9rfocdu

KHMrA II npoT.s~roM 6araTLOX poKiB

i 3 ne;ntKHMH TPY.D.HOll.\aMH. TaM >Ke MOCKOBHT

)KOpCTOKO DOBiBCSI 3 THMH JIHTOBCLKHMH llOJIOHeHHMH, a HaH)KOpCTOKiwe

91Tamapu pyuH!f10111" y !llom,Uji

!Mocl(96umu niJ CMO/LeH·

Cbi(9M

nepw 3a nee 3 KHSI3eM KocTSIHTHHOM • ..HK Ka)KYTL, niH Man BHnepH}'Ti p)'KH, 3aJIHTi CBHH[(eM i 3aKonaHi, TOMY 6yn 3M}'llleHHif cKJiaCTH MOCKOBHTY TaKy npHcSiry, .s~Ky TOM xoTin. lloTiM, KOJIH :H:oMy B)Ke MOCKOBHT 6iJILwe .n.onipSIB, Ha,nan 6araTo Ma€THOcTei1,1I.\o6, npo)KHBaiOqH B MocKOBCLKii13eMJii, nipHo CJI}'>KHB KHSI3eBi. Bee [(e 3 npHMYCY BiH DOBHHeH 6yB TO).I.i npHHHSITH, O).I.HaK HeB).I.OB3i, qepe3 KiJILKa pOKiB, KOJIH MOCKOBHT 6ya 3a HLOrO CDOKiHHHM i BHSIBJISIB Hai16iJibwy me.n.picTb, DOKHHYB iforo i, 3a6paBI.JlH BeJIHKi CKap6H, niwOB).I.OJbtTBH qepe3JiicH H rJiyxi Mic[(SI. lloTiM poKy 1514 BiH 3 BeJIHKHMH BiHCLKaMH ~HiX llOJISIKiB i JIHTOBChKOrO pHnapCTBa, 6y_n:yqH Ha reTbMaHCbKOMyypSI.U.i i xopo6pHM pHn:apeM, nepeMir 3a CHri3MYH.U.a llepworo COpOK ( THCHq), a .U.pyroro pa3y- BiciM).I.eCSIT THCSiq MOCKOBHTiB, HK npo :Qe flQBHiwe nHCaJIOCSI B nepwii% KHH3i, B icTopii CHri3MYH.U.a llepmoro. 3.n.anHa ).l.iM KHH3iB 0cTp03bKHX HOCHTb rep6 CB. feopriH, TaK CaMO, HK nepe.n. THM HOCHJIH :H iHmi I I (c. 68) pychKi KHH3i, HK i HHHi HOCHTh MocKOBCLKHH KHH3b, aJie npH [(bOMY BHKOpHCTOBYIOTb Tenep i iHwi llHWHi KJieHHO).I.H. Aile npHCTYflaiO .n.o cnpaBH. Tiei )K oceHi, TOro )K 1499 poKy, MOCKBa B3HJia 3aMOK llfTHBJib, II..(O B DOJIHX 3a 60 MHJlb Bi).l. KH€Ba, a Bi).l. l..JepHirona - 30 MHJib. TaM 6yJio B3HTO B noJioH Caniry rep6a «JlHc», a MOCKOBHTH noci.JIH peuiTy CinepchKOi 3eMJii. Tiel )K oceHi nepeKoncLKHH xaH MeHrJii-fipeii nocJiaB csoro CHHa, COJITaHa AxMaT-fipe.SI, 3 iHWHMH CBOiMH CHHaMH, HKi llOBOIOBaJIH BOJIHHCbKy 3eMJIIO i cnaJIHJIH MicTo BoJIO.U.HMHp, cnycTOlllHJIH EepecTH, a pyiiHYBaJIH 6iJIH EeJI3a, KpacHHKa, Typo6HHa, KpacHoro CTasy, Jli06JiiHa, Y)KeH.n.yna a)!( .n.o piKH BicJIH. Ui >K noTiM, noKJianwH nKHaMlllBH.U.me 3.U.o6uq y IlepeKoni, nosepsyJIHCSI y MiCHUi sepecHi, nepeM:mJIH Bic.ll}' 6i.JISI3asHxocTa i% cnJIIOH.U.pysanH Ha 3BopoTHOMY WJIHXY sci BOJIOCTi si.n. OnaToBa a)K .n.o Eepecni-JlHTOBChKOro. A 3HaMeHyaaJia IJ.IO TH:>KKY Kapy focno).I.HIO no3HaHCbKa KOMeTa, SIKY cnocTepiraJIH Ha He6i 18 .U.HiB nepe.n. nepwHM TaTapcbKHM HallieCTRM. PoKy 1500 seJIHKHH KHSI3h JIHTOBChKHH OJieKcaH.n.p nocJiaB .n.o IlOJihm;i, l..Jexii Ta HiMeqqHHH, Ha6HpaiOqH 3a rpowi ni:HcbKO npoTH MOCKOBCbKOrO KlUI3H. 3i6paB qHMaJie BiMCbKO, Ha,A SIKHM CTapw11M 6ys ..HH KapHKOBChKHM. BTiM OJieKcaH.n.p np116ys .n.o MiHCbKa, Me TaM :HoMy npHHecJIH HOBHHy, UJ:O MOCKOBHT 3 BeJIMKHM BiMCbKOM Ta rapMaTaMM npH· limon ni.n. CMoJieHChK i B)l<e 3).1.o6ynae Jioro. IloqyawH u.e, OJieKcaH.n.p noCJiaB npoTM MOCKOBMTa JIMTBY Ha '-IOJii Ji CTaHicJiaBoM EiJIHM, TPOIJ.hKHM KaWTeJISIHOM Ta )KMY.li.CbKHM CTapOCTOIO, a TaKO:>K ..HHa ilOJISIKa 3 HaifMa· HHM niiicbKOM. MocKOBHTH >K THM HanoJierJIHBime 3)l.o6ynanH CMoJieHCLK, n.n.eHb i BHO'-Ii WTYPMYJOqu, ane nonpH neJIHKi TPY.ll." 6e3ycniwHo, TiJihKM BTpaTHJIH 6araTO BiMChKa. ToMy BOHH 3 BeJIHKOIO raHb60lO Ta copOMOM . Bl)l.CTYDHJIH Bl)l. 3aMKy. BoceHM 1501 poKy 3aBOJI3hiUIH xaH lllaxMaT, CHH AxMaTa , nepeifwosWH BoJiry H ,ll.OH, npHBiB 3aBOJI3bKY op.n.y npOTH MOCKOBCbKOrO KHH3.SI Ha .n.onoMory JhtTBi. Horo nin JIHTOBChKHH nocoJI MHxai1Jio XMeiJ.bKHM. XaH

352

KHHrA II B~epc.H6e3nocepe~Hh0 13 CinepCbK}' 3CMJIJO, )].C cnycTOIJHiB MOCKOBChKi BOJIO-

)].iHH.SI (l)K ~o caM oro Ep.nHCbKa i 3.U.o6yn Honropo~-CiBepcbKHH. IHllli >K 3aMKH ~o6poniJibHO ni.u..n.aJm:c.n, lx 3aDOJI3bKJ1H xaH Bi,zv:r.as y sn~y XMCU.bKOM)', IU.06 BiH IX B3.SID Ha iM'.H 0JICKCaH.n.pa, a CaM CTaD Ha ,lJ.Hinpi Mi>K l.JepHifOBOM Ta KHEBOM. KoJJI1 »< u.i noJUI xoTis o6opoHVITM ni~ HbOro nepeKOllCbKlH1 xaH MeHrni-fipei1, TO siH (IllaxMaT) ~an iioMy 6HTBY i po3rpoMHB. fliCJI..SI U.iEI nepeMOfH BiH IlOCJiaB )].0 JlHTBH , OllOBi.U.aJOl.IH, lll.O BiH npHHliiOB IH Ha .U.OI10MOry iJ COTHCIO THCnq CDOEI KiHHOI Op.U.H, i npOCMB OneKcaH~pa, mo6 TOM 3 HHM 3'e.n.Hascn i sorosas npoTH csolx soporis. THM qacoM noJinKH o6pan11 OneKcaH.n.pa I I (c. 69) Ha DonhCbKe KopoJiiBCTBO o.u.pa3y »< niCJin 0Jib6paxTa. KoJI11 >K nocJIH si.u. 3aBOJI3bKoro xaHa IllaxMaTa, KOTpHii CTO.HB Ha KMiBChKMX nonnx, np11ixanu .u.o KpaKosa, CKap>Kal.IMCh Ha noJinKiB Ta JIHTsy, II(O (soHu) ix 3ai<JIHKaJIH y TaKui1 .u.an:eKHH i T..H>KKHH lllnnx npoTH nepeKOTIChKHx TaTap, a caMi 3 HHMH He 3'€.U.HYJOTbCn scynepeq nopo3yMiHHJO Ta npHCH3i i )].OBfO T.SifHYTh 3 U.iEIO BiHHOIO, IJJ;O IX ( Op.U.HHU.i B) pa30M 3 KiHhMH B)l(e l.IHMaJIO 3arHHYJIO Bi.U. XOJIO.n.y M rOJIO.U.Y qepe3 TpHBaJie CTO..SIHH..SI B noJl.SIX. Ha u.e IM 6yJia .u.aHa si.n.nosi.n.h, mo KopoJib OJieKcaH.n.p, 3.U.ii1cHHBliiH KopoHau.iiO, TYT >Ke Mas 3 HHMH 3'E,nHaTHcn i nocTapaTHcn npo Te, mo6 xaH He HapiKaB Ha TaKHM .U.aJICKHM liiJI.SIX. 3 QHM TIOCOJibCTBOM TaTapH 6yJIH si.u.npasneHi, IM 6yJio .u.aHo .n.apu. THM qacoM >KiHKa xaHa IIIaxMaTa, .HKi:H Ha6pH.U.JIO 3HOCHTH HY)f()J.Y, roJio.u. i xono.n. y nonJix, BTeKJia 3 6iJiblliOIO qacTHHOIO Horo p11u:apcTsa .u.o nepeKoncbKoro xaHa MeHrJii-ripe.H. 3 ' E.n.HaBmHcn 3 HHMH , nepeKoncbKHM xaH MeHrni-fipeH 3HeHaQbKa s.n.apus Ha 3aBOJI3hKOro xaHa IIIaxMaTa, 1-\0IJJ;enry i1oro po3rpoMHB i 3axonHB scro iioro op.n.y, TiJibKH CaM 3aBOJI3bKHH XaH 3i CBOIM 6paTOM Ta )].e.HKHMH KHH3..SIMH npHMl.laB .u.o KHEBa. GraBliiH Heno.u.an:iK si.u. KHEBa, BiH nocnas .u.o KHIBChKOro BOEBO)].H ,lJ.MHTpa 3 BiCTJO npo CBOJO np11ro.u.y. To.n.i KHIBCbKHM BOEBO,ll.a npoT.HfOM KiJihKOX .U.HiB MOfO npHHMaB i o6.u.aposysas. floTiM BiH 3HeHaQbKa snpymHB 3 300 KiHHOTHHKaMH 3 K11esa .u.o Einropo.u.a, siH xoTiB ni3Hime BTeKTH .u.o rypeU.hKOro cynTaHa oaH3eTa, ni.u..u.aTHC.H HOM}' H npocHTH ,li.OllOMOfH npOTH llOJibCbKOfO KOpOJIH, qepe3 .SIKOfO Bi)]. 3a3HaB TaKOI mKO.zi.H. AJie no6aqnsmH, mo HOM}' TYT He nomacTHJIO, 3Hosy nosepHYBC.H JI.O KHEBa, .u.e 6ys ni.n. sapTOJO a>K .u.o 6epecTe:ikbKOro ceiiM)'. A KOJIH MaT np116ys 11.0 EepecTH, To HaaycTpiq MOM}' 3a n ' nTh MHJih BHixas KopoJib 3 JI.OCHTb DHlliHHM llOl.ITOM, llOCTaBHB HaMCT i HaKa3aB TaM npOCTCJIHTH 6araTO cyKHa. mo6 xaH, 3JibmH 3 KOHH, :Hmos no IJ.hOM}' cyKHY .u.o KopoJIR. BH:HmosmH HaaycTpiq, Koponb nposis i3 co6o10 xaHa .u.o HaMery i nocaAHB 6iJin ce6e HK TOBapHma. CHJI.Sil.IH TaM pa30M, BOHH llOCB.SITHJIH B pHnapCTBO 'IHMaJIO noJIRKiB, JIHTBH :H TaTap. lloTiM KopoJib B3.HB :Horo i3 co6o10 Ha ceiiM .no Pa.u.oMa, .u.e lliaxMaTy csoiii .u.osri:H npoMosi .u.ocHTb cMiJIHso KapTaB KopoJI..H OneKcaH.npa i noJibCbKHX Ta JIHTOBCbKHX naHiB 33. Te, lll.O .u.apeMHO 6ys llOKJIHKaHHH HHMH Ha ,li.OllOMOry npOTH nepeKOllCbKOfO XaHa 3 ,ll.aJICKHX 3asoJI3bKHX KpaiH a>K 3 KacniucbKoro Mop..H. KonH )I( siH i3 siflcbKOM npH· umos iM Ha.u.onoMory, TO iioro BOHH .l{aJIH SIK ua 6iiiuto; noTiM (qepe3 ne) BiH 6ys po36HTHif nepeKOllCbKHM XaHOM i .l{apeMHO BTpaTHS Maif>Ke BCC

3 a/JOIIJbi(UU

;rmt Dono· .Mazae J'lum8i

3a80JZ)biQJi1

:t_all nepe.Atit

nepei(!JTI· Cbl(9ZO

OJZel(falli)p cma8 noJZb· Cbl(.u.M

'«'POile.M ~OCJlU

tna '1110{..Mama

~epei({Jncb·

IQlU )(_aH

po;6u6 WO{.Itt.ama

max-

353

Xppom6c~ol(JS

nowmu6icm11 J!Y'Oo 'llftV(· .Mama

KHHrA II

'lJWr!oM Wal(ftamy

!!Tepei(!Jn · CIJIQJU )(flH ;paih~ul(.

!lllamapu 8 .9/um/Ji gj'famapu niJ C;iyg1.1· I(!J.M

Wa~am

rro.M ep

CBO€ BiHCbKO. KoJU-:1 )I( y KpaiiHiM CKpyri BTiK ,D.O HMX, TO 6ys B3SITMM ni)l. sap· ry Hi6M B TIOPMY i TaM CHJJ.iB a)K 11.0 ttboro qacy. A niJJ.HHBIIIM PYK" sropy, niH 3i CJibosaMI-f cKa3as: «Alle Eor, KOJIM 6y11.e Hac cyJJ.MTH, I I (c. 70) 3anJiaTMTb HaM i 3a ,n.o6pi, i 3a noraHi cnpanu ii CMJibHO noMCTMTbCH 3a Moi6iJJ.M Ta BTpaTM, 3a nopYIIIeH}' MeHi npucHry». BpeiiiTi niH npocus, mo6 MOMY 6yno siJibHO si,n.'ixaTM .n.o csoei 3aBOJI3bKOI op,n.u. Ha tte siH JJ.icTaB si.n;nosiJJ.b, m:o aHi Ha Bora, aHi Ha KoponH, aHi Ha Koro iHworo He noBHHeH cKJia.n;aTH nposuHy, xi6a ll(O CaM Ha ce6e, 60 He )I.OCHTb JJ.OTpHMYBaBCH CBOrO CJIOBa i npMCSirM, 60 KOJIM Ha)J. KM€BOM CTOSIB, TO 3aMicTb o6opoHM i ,lJ.OllOMOrM KOpoJiiBCbKMM ni,lJ.JJ.aHHM '1HHMB IM lllKO,lJ.M .SIK sopor, a Mir )Ke CTaTH Ha MOCKOBCbKOMY KOp)I.OHi niJJ. CTapoJJ.y6oM a6o JK y HKOMYCb iHlllOMY Mictti, JJ.o6ysai0'1H TaM y sopo)KHX KOpJJ.OHax 3,n.06M'1i, Hi)K ryr, no6n113y llepeKona. TaM niH Ha6araTo Kpam:e 6ys 611 y6e3ne'1eHMM, i He .ZJ;iMIIIJIO 6 )1;0 TaKMX BTpaT, .SIK6M BiH 3'€.z:tHascH 3 KoponeM nicJIH 3asepiiieHHH HaraJibHMX cnpas y KopoHi (TioJibCbKiii). A m:e ripme, m:o siH xoTiB BHixaTM .n;o rypKiB. TiicJIH u;boro IllaxMaT cxMJIMB roJiosy i npocus, mo6 iioMY ,n.onoMorJIM noMCTMTMCH nepeKonCbKOMY xaHy. KopoJib noo6i[(HB u;e 3po6HTH, HK TiJibKM 3MO)Ke 3i6pa™ BiMCbKO.IllaxMaT )Ke llO)lHBHBCH HaJIIO,ZJ;eM, KOTpHX)J;OCMTb 6araTO 6ysa€ .uosKona Kopon.SI, oco6n11so Ha ceiiMi, i, noKa3aBmM Ha HMX pyKoiO, cKaJas: «A xi6a u;i He 6HJIMCH 6, KOJIM Tpe6a, .D.JIH qoro JK BHIX T}'T TPMMaETe?» CKa3aHo 6yJio iioMy, mo ryr He TaTapiH i Ha siiiHy He sci BHXO.D.HTb, ocKiJihKH o.n;Hi THM, .u.pyri iHIIIHM 3aMMaiOTbC.SI, TpeTi )I( ~aTb focno.n;y Eory. BpemTi nonpoom IllaxMaT, m:o6 iioMy 6yJio JJ.03BOJieHo nocJiaTH JJ.O csoel6paTii, .uo Hora:iicbKHX xaHiB 3a piKy BoJiry. BiH 6ys snesHeHMM, mo HI< TiJibKM Ti no6a'1aTb MOrO KOBnaK, TO TYT )Ke niJJ.yTb MCTMTMCSI 3a MOrO KpMB)I.M nepeKOllCbKOMY xaHY. Qe MOMY JJ.03BOJIHJIM B'lHHMTH, i niH 6yn neceJIMM si.u. TaKol ay.n;ieHuil. TuM qacoM nocn11 nepeKoncbKoro xaHa npHixarru .no JIMTBH, npOC.SI 1U1, 11..(06 IliaxMaTa He BHllYCKaJJM i B3araJii llMJibHO Moro CTeperJIM, 11..(06 He BTiK, 6o u;e i M .n;y>Ke JalliKO.lJ.MTb. ,ll,o I.J;horo BOHM .n;o.n;aJIM, mo 6yJio 6 Jiinme )KJ1TI1 y npHH3Hi 3 IXHiM XaHOM HK 3 6JIH3bKHM cyci)I.OM, Bi)J; KOTporo Ha.n;iiiHima MOJKe 6yru noMi'1 npoTH KO)KHOro sopora, aHiJK si.n; IllaxMaTa 3 ,uaJieKMX op.n;. JIMTOBChKi naHH nosipHJIH 3pa.n;JIHBMM cJioBaM MeHrni-fipe.SI, aJie Bi.ZJ;KJiaJIH llOCOJlbCTBO ,lJ.O npHIJ.D.)' KOpOJIH.lllaXMaT, ,lJ.i3HaBWHCb npo l(e, CKa3aB, m:o6 He sipHJIM nepeKOllCbKOMY XaHy, 60 TOM He BTp11Ma€TbCSI Bill. HanaJJ.y Ha lxHi 3eMJii. 0ToJK, cnOBHHJIOCH npopou:TBO IllaxMaTa, 6o noTiM npHJilliJIM TaTapH ,lJ.O ,l(Hinpa Ha JloiBCbKY ropy i , nepenpaBMBIIIMCb TaM qepe3 ,li,Hinpo (Niestr), nilllJIH Ha JlHTny. CaM MaxMeT-fipe:H (Machmet Kierej), xaHCbKHii CHH, cTaD KOIIICM niJJ. MiHChKOM, a ni.n. CJiyU:bK nocJiaB .u.sox csoix 6paTiD- EaTH-fipeH (Bitykiereja) i EypHallla (Burnasza), KoTpi npHMlliJIM ry.n.11 B .n;eHb YcniHH.SI ,ll,in11 Mapil. AJie BOHI1 TaM 3arMayJIM B IIIrypMax ni.n. cJiy'laH. I I (c. 71) lloTiM BOHH nimn11 .n;o Hosropo.n.Ka, .ne B'1HHHJIH BCJIHKi WKO.D.H, aJie 3aMOK He 3MorJIM B3HTM, 6o :Horo MY)KHbO 6opoHHJIH i niJJ.6HnanM BMJiaJKaMH i3 JaMKy. Ane MaxMeT-fipe:H 3.n;o6ys MicTo MiHCbK. To.n.i TaTapH '1HMaJIO 3JI.06M'li BMHeCJIM 3 JlHTBM .n.o cnolx op.n.: .SIK po3nOBi,lJ.aiOTb, CaMHX TiJibKH JIIO.U.eH llOBeJm B HeDOJIIO ,lJ.O CTa TIICH'1. To)J.i )I( lllaxMaT noMep ni.D. cMyrKy. BiJreHCbiI<eHi Ta-

354

KHIIr A II -rapcbKMMil JaroHaMn, TOMY o6ne;n1 To.ni Myp .nonKOJia BiJlhHa i ni.np eMOHrynann 3aMKJ1.

!Myp iJoOI(plla r.BiJIIJH(l

noTiM 3HOBy 1502 poKyTaTapH Hana.TJI1 Ha pycMHCbKi KpaiHM i Ha CaH)I.OMMpCbKY 3eMJIIO a>K .no Ti aQaHona, cnanHJIM TO.l(i P ~nuia, .H poCJiaa, Pa,n.HMHo, Een3, KyHiB, Jlarin i OnaToB BenHKMM, .n.e 3 .ne.HKHMH cyci.naMM IM .nas

~/[amapu

M}')KHIO ni.n.ciq BanonchKHM, MY)K rpeqHJ.n1 pMQapcbKHM, i He .n.asas i M 1.JMHI1TH WKO,ZU1. 3 cyci)l.H i.MH llOBiTaMI1, 01.JiK}'I01.JI1 Ha TaTap, .SIKi He 3BHKJIH )KMTM Ha o.z:r.HoMy MicQi, niH Te:>K nHcrynHB. Y 1503 poQi nepeKonCbKHM Qapem-11.1 EaTH-ripeii, CMH xaHa MeHrni-ripe.H, Hecno.n.inaHo n.n.ap11n Ha Jl11Tny CH.JJaMM y wicTb TI1C.H1.J TaTap. Cno"C.JaTKY niH ni.n.ii1wos .n.o ~bKa, .n.e 6ya CJiytJ.bKMM KH.H3b CeMeH. Oc-raHHii1 M}')KHbO 6opoHHB JaMOK, ane TaTapH norrycTOWHJlH so.JJocTi 6i.JJ.H KTieQbKa, H ecsi:>Ka Ta s iHwMx MicQ.H:x i niw;u1 co6i reTb. MocKOBCbi<I1M KH.H3b, 6a1.1a~m. mo .JJHTna qepe3 TaTap He MO)Ke )J.HXH)'TI1, eTas nycTOWMTH cMo.JJeHCbKi BO.JJo cTi. O.JJeKcaH.n.p )Ke qepe3 Te, ll.lO iHillOrO BHXO.Il.Y He 6yno, yK.JJaB 3 HI1M nepeM11p'H ll.O mecTH peKin. Alle Qe He lJ..OllOMOrJio, 3Hony TPH TMCH1.Ji TaTap Hecno.n.ina.Ho

Ha Pyci

11Tamapu JH08y

niCJ Dzyr;bI(.O.M

9vfocl(96um

niCJ C\C ORtllCbl(p.M

HananH ni.n. C.ny~bK i BOIOBaJJH a)K ni.n. Hosropo.n.KoM. BoHM nonepTanHcH qepe3 fpH~HHChKi 6oJioTa, a TaM WBH.l(KO 3i6pasc.H c.rryu.hKHM KHH3b CeMeH Ylum/Ja Ta iHwi JIHTOBCbKi naHose, a caMe: CTaHicJias KiwKa, 0Jib6paxT faiDTOJib)l. pOJZpO!tfUAa i IOpii1 H eMHpw.J. B oHH HaJ,norHaJIH TaTap 3a piKOIO Tip11n'HTTIO 3a Ml1JIIO maTTUlp Bi)l. f opO)J.Ka, TaM JX .l(OW.eHry po3rpOMI1JIJ.1, a 3lJ..06J.1q Bi)l.i6pan11. 1504 poKy TaTapH 3HOBy Bll.epJIHCH Ha llo.z:r.i.JJ.JJH, I.qO CTaJIOCH B .l(eHb Pyc11 JHO/Jy cs. Map~iHa. TaM BOHH Ha6paJIH 'IHMaJJO 3.l(06H"tJi, a KOJIH MWJIM 3i 3.l(06H1.J- poJ6UAa qJO, TO BHIIaB Ha HHX CHJibHHM CHir. Y ~eM qac HaiDi 3i6p aJIHCH H llOM1.JaJIH maTTUlp HaB3.l(OriH npOKJia)l.eHHM HHMH liiJIHXOM, a TaTapH 6pO.l(l1JIH B CHiry, SIKHM 3e.4u.JZIJI(.O cSiras KOHIO .z:r.o )KHBOTa. H allli HaJ.n:orHaJIH ix i .n:o6pe norpoMHJIH, mo 11: JKo- 66umui1 .n.eH He BTiK, i Bi.l(6HJIH 3.l(06M1.J. AlJe TO.l(i M 3eMeJibKa, r eTbMaH 3 HaWI1X BO- maTTUlpa.Mu SIKiB, 6ys y6HTMM. Poey 1505, .nes'.HTHa)l.~HToro TpaBHSI , y KpaKosi 6ys s eJII1KI1H rpa.n., ~.qo s.z:r.apHB i3 Cl1JlbHOIO 3JII1BOIO Ta CTpaWHI1M rpOMOM. lliMaTKI1 KpHrM 6ym1 To.n.i 3as6iJibliiKH 3 KYPH'tli .HHQSI, i BOHH po36HBaJIM He TiJibKH .n.epesa, a 11 .z:r.axn Ha 6y,nHHKax. DJIMCKaBKa po36MJia o.z:r.Hy seJKy Ha 3aMKY pa30M 3 mMaTKOM MYPY· ll.(O 3Ha'tii1JIO WBM,ll;K}' cMepTb xopoJISI, 6o niH xsopis 'tii1M ,naJii, THM 6iJibiiie. I I (c. 72) l.J,boro pol<}' noMep BeJIHKHH KHH3b MOCKOBCbKMH IsaH BacHJibOBH'tl, Ko- I6ax 'BtUwtb08u'l, 1pi1H 6ys HaHll.(aCJIMBiliiMM MOHapxoM niCJIH pycHHCbKoro MOHapxa BoJio,n;H- nomyx· MHpa, 60 BiH BH6HBC.SI 3 TaTapCbKOi HeBOJii i ni,n;KOpHB C06i KLnbKa ixHix op,n, HutliVy31Ce xopcmol(pil npOBiB nepeMO)KHi BiHHH 3i IIIBelJ..aMH, iH<}mHH.l(IJ;SIMM, cj>iHaMH, a y JIHTOBCb- MoCI(96CbiQliJ KOrO KHH3iBcTBa 3a6paB noHa.n. 70 3aMKiB Ta MicT i3 BeJIHKMM Hoaropo.z:r.oM, 6ya MoHap'CJ CTJ>aiiiHHB sciM cyci.n.HiM Hapo.n.aM. BiH aa6opoHHB y MocKoaii nHR~TBO. llopo.n.ua n ' RTbox CHHiB: ,l{MHTpa, BacMJIJI, IOpiR, CeMeHa, AH.ApiR Ta ,noHbKf €.neHf, KOTpy BH.ztaB JaMi)K 3a KOpOJIJI OJieKcaa,npa. fliCJIJI uoro CMepTi naayBaB BacH.JJb laaHOBH'tl, iioro CHH. llpo Qe 6y~e B onHci MocKOBCbKOi aeMJii. ,

no.lrlep

PoKY 1506, y cepnHi MicRQi, nepeKonchKi TaTapu 3HOBY a~epJIHCJI ~o JIHTBH i npHUWJIH JI.O KJieQbKa, a HenO,QaJiiK Bi)l. TOfO MiCQJI, ,ne llO'tJHHa€Tb-

9}[tufU1pu

CJI HiMaa, CTaJIH xoweM. Tyr BOHH 3aJIHIIIWIH .QBOX csoix uapHKiB 3 ~eCSITbMa

355

8J'lum8i

KHHrA II 1(ocnOJ&urM THCJI'!aMH BiikLKa, a )lBa,z:{USITb THC$1'1 nycTHJIH B aarOHH. To~i KOpOJib, B)Ke P!fUUHHJl

6J'Ium6i TSDKKO XBOpHH, Jie)KaB y BiJibHi, O)lHaK nupymHB JBi)lTH 3i CB0€10 .llppKHHOIO 'Dyxe .zr.o aaMK}', KOTpui1 6ys poaTamonaHMM aa ,ABaHa)lU.HTL MHJIL si.n BiJILHa. ;c6opui1 flpH'IMHa UbOfO nOJIRraJia B TOM}', mo KOJIM KOpOJib HaKa3aB BiMChK}' BHC'I)'· qpo;u, Wt~ IIaTH, TO JIHTBa He XOTiJia, mo6 KOpOJib CaM BHCI)'IIaB y IIOXi)J.. KoJIH KOpOJib t.BiJit>tul 6ys y Jl~i, npHM'IaB nopaHeHHM po3Bi)lHHK i npHHic 3BicTK}', UJ.O TaTapH B)Ke 9Jfamapu 6JIH3LKO. Alle tioMy JIHTOBCLKi naHH He aosciM nosipHJIH, TOMY fJIHHCLKHH TIW J'liiJoiO noCJias ,neKiJibKox csolx pa.nuis, .nocni.nt.JeHHX MYJidB, m.o6 BOHH nenHime npo Bee .nosi,nanuca. Ui He.naneKo Bi,n 'ixanH i B)Ke aii1mJIHCR 3 TaTapaMH y 6010, B6HJIH .nes'RTLOX ia HHX i npHHeCJIH ni,npy6aHi nopo)Ki roJIOBH. ToMY BeJIHKHH CTpax OXOIIHB BCiX, XTO 6yB 6iJIR KOpOJIR B Jli,ni. To,ni Bci BBa)KaJIH, mo 6yno 6 Kpam.e HeraHHO B~BC3TH KOpOJI.H Ha HOWax )lO BiJI&Ha.I.l!JI.SIXTa )K, no6a'IHBmH Tpusory, a6irnac.H .no JI~u. TaM Kopon&, rHiBaiO'!HCb caM Ha ce6e, UJ.O He Mir CH)liTH, .AOpYt.JHB KOMaH)J,}'BaTH BiHCbKOM, .HKOrO 3i6panoCR noHa,n: 7 THCR'I, reT.&MaHosi CTaHicJiasy Kimui Ta MHxaHJiy fJIHHCbKOM}'. A.ne 1.1epe3 Te, m.o KimKa TC)K Jaxnopis, TiJILKH caM fJIHHC.bKHi1 suixan Ha BiHHY· KoponL noCJiaB TaKO:iK .no csoro 6paTa CHriaMYHJla, m.o6 TOH SIKHaiiIIIBH)lUie npHl)K)l)KaB )lO JlHTBH, 60 HC3Ba)Kal0t.JM Ha TC, l.IM 6y,ne KOpOJI.b )I(HBHH, 1.111 Hi, see o,nHo noTpi6Ha npHCYTHicTb CHriJM}'H.na. TuM qacoM .no Jli,nH nocTii1Ho npHXO)J.HJIH sicTi npo Te, m.o TaTapH noTY:iKHO H.llYTb Ha Jli.ny. O.nHaK HaniBMepTBOrO KOpOJI.H B,ZJ,CH.b i BHOl..Ji BC3JIH )lO BiJibHa BiJieHC.bKHH €n.HcKon Boiiuex Ta6op, RH 3a6:;Ke3HHCbKHH i KaHI..VIep RH JlacbKMH ia Koponenoro €JieHOIO; KOpOJI.H UIBH,ZJ,KO BC3JIH Ha HOWaX IIOMi:iK )lBOMa KiHbMH, a UHX KOHei1, Ha I<OTpHx cH,niJIH MHKOJiaii PycoQLKHH rep6a «Kopa6» Ta..HH Co60[(bKHi1, qacTo 3MiHIOBaJIH. TaTapH )I( nepenpaBHJIHCH 1.1epe3 HiMaH, CTaJIH 3a MHJIJO Bi,ZJ, Jli,ZJ,H, a iHllli - 3a niBMHJii. flocTepirWH KOpoJiiBCbKC BiHCbKO, HKe BHCTYIIMJIO npoTH HHX, BOHH si,ncryn.HJI.H Ha3a)l. fJIHHCbKHH .nan iM cnoKii1, pyUIMB TYT :;Ke 3 JUITBOIO Ha Killl .no KJieQ.&Ka, / / (c. 73) ~o6 BHnepe.AHTH TaTapc.&Ki 3aroHM. BoHM BHIXaJIM tJeTnepToro cepnH.H y noHe.u.iJioK yne1.1epi nepe.u. TeMp.HBOIO i pyUIHJIM noB3 OcTawMHO (Ostazyno). Ha .npyrMi1 .u.eHb npHMl..JaJIO 6araTo JIIO,ZJ,eH si.u. U11p11Ha (Cyryna) Ta floJIOBKH PoJ6umo (PoJowki), Ka)Kyt.JH , UJ.O TaM Heno,ZJ,aJiiK € O,ZJ,HH TaTapC.bKHM 3ariH, KOTpMH mamap· B)Ke nosepTa€TbCR 3i 3.D.06Mt.Jt.JIO JJ.O Koma. HaUii, 30BciM He si.nnot.JHBaiOt.JH, CI>'@U JG.ZiH IIOMl..JaJIM ry,nH faJIOllOM, HaTpanMJIM Ha 500 TaTap, KOTpi IIOBepTaJIMC.H Ji 3.U.06Ht.J'UO, .nom.eHry ix po3rpOMHJIH i BH3BOJIMJIH 6araTbOX B'.H3HiB. Ti :>K TaTapM, KOTpi BTCKJIH )).0 KOUia, )J,ODOBiJIH uapeBHt.JaM, UJ.O H)lC JIMTOBC.bKe BiHCbKO. UapenMt.Ji o,npa3y :iK np11ro·rysan11c.H i CTaJIH Ha 6epe3i pit.IKM, t.JeKaIOt.JH Ha Haw11x. Pil..JKa 6yna HerJII16oKa, 6oJIOTI1CTa, TOMY nepenpasa qepe3 Hei 6yna Ba)KKOIO. TaTapM cTpimiJIH no HaUIHX 3 nyKiB i He ,naBaJIM IM nepenpanmiTHC.H, o.u.HaK Hami, MaiOt.JM TpoxM sorHenaJibHoi 36poi, o6crpiJIMM ix, nicJI.H qoro HKHaiimBM.D.Uie nepenpanHJIHCH i ,no6pe li MY:>I<HbO s.u.apnJIH Ha CenCJJi8oi1 HI1X. T11M l..JacoM no3HaHChKHH BOEBO)J.J11-I CeH)J.3iso:H 'YapHKOBCbKHM (rep6a) "fapnl(96· « HaneHq» i3 TpbOMa COTH$1MI1 noJI.HKi B H~ 'ixan si.n KOpoJI.H 3 Bi.nbHa Ha noMiq Cbi(UU nocUJla£ JIMTBi. CTaBmM mHpoKHM ¢poHTOM, niH HaKa3aB cypMHTH n Tpy6H i s.u.apuc6oi~ TH B 6apa6aHM, m.o6 i1oro sii1cbKO 3)J.aJIOC$1 aopory m.e 6iJI.bUII1M. l.J,11M niH TYT :>I<e cTp11BO:>KMB TaTap, a cnoiM niJJ.Hic ,nyx; TaTapH noqann TiKaTH, a JII1TBa TYT

356

KHHrA II )Ke .noraH.SIJia lx, py6ana 11 611na, 3an1aJia n eras, RKMJA 6yn TaM 6nM3hKO. TaM o.nHi TaTapH BTOm1nncR, a iJ.t:wi 3an'R3JIH 3 KiHhMM Ha 6onoTax. To)K KHHyn-

'1/lamapu poJ6umi

WH KOHi, caMi qapmm niwKH ne,Ane BTeKJIH, i Hit.I lx cxonana. TaM fnHHCLKHii .l{06pe ce6e riOKa3aB, 60 rri.l{ HHM 6yno B6HTO )].BOX KOHeH, Jie)J.Be H Ha TpeThOMy scH.nin. fnMHCbKM}I MY)KHhO 61mcR. fioTiM niH 1.1eKaB Ha JaroHH, i TiJibKH-HO RKHHCb 3'.HBJI.HBC.H, TO BiH 3i CBOIMH OToqynaB HOfO, 6MB, xarraB , B'R3aB Ta po3rpOMMB BCbOfO ,AO 20 THC.Hq TaTap, KpiM TMX, .HKHX 6yno B3.HTO y riOJlOH. Hawi 3aXOriHJIM TO,Il,i TaKO)K ,1\0 20 THCRl.J KOHeH, 3BiJibHMJIM 1.1MMaJIO s'R3HiB i ni,Ai6panH 3,l.l.0611'-l . .HI<y )I< 3Hat.IHY nepeMory oTpHMaJia JIMTna! IloTiM y BiJibHO ,AO KOpOli.H rrpHHWJla HOBHHa, ~0 TaTap po36MTO. A.Jr.e y KOponR B)Ke si,ni6pano Mony. BiH CKJiaB PYKH i rri,nHic oqi .n.orop11, a 3 i1:oro 01.1ei1: KOTHJIHC.H CJib03H. TaK BiH .A.Hrysas rocno.zzy Eory 3a QIO nepeMory! To,ni )K niH rro)J.asas pyxy KO)KHOMY 3 TMX, XTO CTORB 6in.H Hhoro, Tai< RK TOM, XTO 36MpaETLCR. B ,AaJieKY rryTL, i QHM Jnopywns ncix .no cni3. Hen,D,OB3i rricnR. Qboro niH npwi1Hns HaiknRTiwi qepKOBHi ,L(apn i noKMHYB qei1: cniT 19 ceprrH.H 1506 poKY o 1.1eTnepTii1: ro,AHHi BHOt.Ii, MaiOqH cnoro niKY 46 poKiB. BiH 6yn rroxonaHHH y BinhHi. BiH 6ys Ha KoponiscTni He 6inLwe 4 poKin. Tip11 i1:oro ,Asopi 6ys Boi1qex Epy.n3HHChKHi1 rep6a 芦Il pas,A3H1.1禄, JIIO,D,HHa CUll a 'EpyiJjuH.路 Ha,D,3BH1.1aHHOi CMJIH, KOTpHH ni,nHiMaB 0.l{H01.1aCHO WiCTbOX 036pOEHI1X 1..10- Cbl(pZO JIOBiKiB. I I (c. 74) A KOJIH CH.AiB Ha KOHi i 6panc.R3a sopoTa, TO rri,D,HOCMB KOH.R, CTHCHysWH i1oro I<oJiiHaMH. TYT 3ai<iHqyEMO po3noni,nh npo OJieKcaH.n;pa.

CHri3MYH,l(

ilEPIIII1H

lloxoBaBlliH OneKca~pa, JIHTOBCLKi nauu o6panu Ha BenuKe KH.R3iBcTBO JIHTOBchKe rJioriscLKoro Ta onaBcbKO路 ro KHRJR CMriJ~a, nopymy10q11 cBOIO }'HiiO. TioTiM sineHCbKMH enuci<on Boifqex Ta6op BJ.VIrHyB :MoMy Ha ronosy KHR:my nrani<y 3 'IepBOHOro

357

~:t:;

KHHrA II OKeaMMT)', a ,l{OBKOJia o6ea,n)KeHa .l{OporoQiHHMM KaMiHHSIM y 30JIOTiM onpaBi. Meq no,AaB HOMf MMxaiiJio fJJHHCbKMM stK MapwaJJoK. TaM )Ke HOMf npucstraJJM sci naHone if noeJIM 3 BOEBO.l{CTB. A Qe 6y;m poKy fio)Koro

1507.

Qhoro m poK}' aiH yKJiaa nepeMnp 'st HaeaMnepe.A 3 nepeKonebKHM xaHOM H3 T3KHX YMOB3X, l.l.\06 X3H 6yn 33B)K.lJ:H fOTOBHM BMeT}'llHTH Ha MOfO 6oui B noxi.n: i BOJOaaa npoTH KomHoro aopora. KopoJJh me iioMY 3a ue »<OJJ,l{, a6o IOpreJibT, Man enJiaqysaTn, no

15 THestq 3JIOTMX MOHeToJO. I

(c. 75)

Hea.n:os3i qepe3 stKyeh .n:anHIO Kpnn).J.y y JIHTBi BM6)'XJJM 3Ha qHi 3asopymeHHSI Mi)K Mnxai1JIOM fJinHehKHM Ta .HHOM 3a6)1<e3nHehKHM, KOTPHM o60M KOpOJib ,li.3B neBHY o6iTHHQIO. A.Jie KOJIM no6a"UIB Mi>K HHMH BeJIHKHM KOHq)JiiKT, TO Bi,n:KJiaB Qe ,li.O TOfO qaey, KOJIH BOHH llOMHpstTbeSI a6o )K BiH Kpall.\e npo nee .u.oni.n:aETbC.H. O,n:HaK fJIHHebKHM nolxan .n:o Ey.u.11 .n:o yropebKOro Ta qeebKoro KOpOJISI BJia,n:HeJiaBa, KoTpHi% 6yn MHJIOCTMBHM .u.o Hboro. Bi.n: Hboro niH npHHie KJionoTaHHSI Ha nnehMi, 3 HHM npHixaJIH i1 yropebKi noeJIH, W:06 KOpOJib SIK-He6y.ll.b po3B'SI3aB QeH KOHq>JiiKT Mi:>K HMM T3 3a6)Ke3HHebKHM. A.Jie KOJIH fJIHHebKHM no6aq:HB, W:O 3 Qi€10 cnpaBOIO llOeTapoMy 3BOJiiKa€TbCH, TOy rHiBi eKa3aB: «JI 3B3)Kyeb Ha TaKy enpasy, KOTpa 6y.u.e eyMHOIO i MeHi, if T06i». Po3rHiBaHHH, niH ni.n:'ixan a .AOMY i TyT :>Ke O,li.HOfO eBOfO BipHOfO eJiyry Bi,ll.npaBMB 3 JIMeTaMM ,li.O MOeKOBebKOfO KHH3SI, m:o KOJIM 6 :MoMy niH .u.as .u.oasiJI Ha ,Ao6poniJibHMM nepexi.u., npMestrHYB Ha u;e i npHeJJaB rJJeMTOBi JIMeTM, TO,ll.i o6iu;Sin nepeMTH Ha HOfO 6iK i3 33MKaMM, KOTpi TPMMaB y Jhnni, a niH TPHMan, BBaJKaM, nOJIOBHH)' JlHTBH. MoeKOBebKHM KHSI3b 3pa,n;iB QbOMY, 60 qya i 3H3B npo eJiaBHi ,ll.iJia fJIHHebKOfO, T}'T me Ha MOfO BHMory aqHHHB npHeSiry i Bee, I.qO TOM XOTiB Bi,n: HbOfO. BiH o6iQSIB 060B'SI3KOBO BCe u;e BHKOH3TH, Ha W:O ,li.3B eeKpeTHi JIHeTH. [(eM fJIHHebKHM 3aMOJIO.AY 6ynas Ha qy)KHHi, B ITaJiil, IenaHil, apie np11 .u.nopi iMnepaTopa MaKeHMiJiiaHa, TOMY 6yn cnpaBHHH i He MeHw .u.oesi,n;qeHHM y pHu;apebKHX enpanax; 6ys niH pycbKoi nipH. CnoiM aBTOPHTeToM niH .n:o6:uneSI TOfO, I.qO qJ1MaJIO pyebKOI lliJl.HXTH np:unepHyB Ha esii:f 6iK, i 3 qaeOM JIHTOBebKi ll3HH 3JISIKaJJHeSI TOfO, W:06 BiH, o6paBW11 eJiyWHHH qae, He OBOJIO.D:iB JlHTOBebKHM KHSI3ineTBOM i He nepeHie eToJinu;i 3 JlHTBH

.u.o Pyci.

l.Jepe3 u;e nOHH llOCTiHHO 3 HHM KOHcpJiiKrynanH i OCKap:>KynaJJM HOfO nepe.n: KOpOJieM 33 Te, Il.(O BiH Hi6HTO nparHyn eTaTH JIHTOnebKHM (neJIHKHM) KH.H3eM. OcKiJibi<M )K niH Man 3HaqHY KopoJiiBChi<y MMJiicTh, TO Koponh He nipnn 'Biuna J

').{oc~Cfto10

QbOMy, llOMJiiJI.HIOtiHeb y HbOMy. To,Ai 3 H3MOBH fJIHHCbKOfO MOeKOBCbKMM KH.H3b 3 neJIMKHM nii1cbKOM, npoMMHynwH CMoJJeHCbK, n.u.epCSI Ha TpH.li;U:SITb MHJib B JIHTOBCbKY 3eMJIJO ni.l{ THM npeTeKCTOM, ll.\0 HOfO eecTpa €JieHa, .n:py>KMHa OJieKeaH.n:pona, He 6yna HaJJe:>KHO nowaHonaHa i (no-.n:pyre) m:o KopoJib HaQbKonye Ha Hboro TaTap. ToMy KopoJib CHri3MyH.n:, 3acnoKoiswH OoJibebKe KoponiscTBO ni.n: He6e3neKM ni.n: yropu;in, MOJI,n;asaH Ta npyccis, pynniB .n:o BiJihHa 3 noJibChKHM Ta JIHTOBChKHM nii1cbKOM, a noTiM- npoTH MOeKOBCbKoro KH.H3.H, 3aJJYtiHBlllH .n:o u;horo i1 nepeKonebKHX TaTap. Toi1, noqysmH, Il.(O KOpOJib 3 JIMTBOIO i 3 T3TapaMH Ha6JIH:>K3€Tbe.H, He XOTiB no1.!11H3TH 6MTDY i nosepHyne.H .n:o MocKBI1 3i esoiM nii1ebKOM. OicJI.H n;boro J1HTB3 nonepHyJia co6i 33XOnJieHHH MOeKBOIO 33MOK l.JI-tKOB, CllJIJOH.ll;pyna-

358

KHMrA II na 'UtMa.no MOCK013CbKliX MicTe'-IOK Ta nonocTei1

( c. 76) i qepc3 6JJM3bKY

3MMY nouepHyJJaC.H JJ.O.ll.OMY 3 KopoJieM, BJ.HSWH neJJMKY 3.A06M'-I. TaK caMo M: nepeKOI1CbKl1M xaH, .HKltM Man niHCbKO 3 80 TJ101'-J TaTap, PYWMB JJ.O nepeKona. DoTiM KopOJib s11lxas Ha 3MMY JJ.O floJihmi, a y KpaKosi 6yB cei1M. f Jll1HCbKI1H )f(e HeBJJ.OB3i niCJHll3iJJ. ' I3JJ.Y KOpOll.R. BJJ.aDCSl Ha 3Ji e n p0Tl1 BiT'-1113Hl1, 36yHTyBaBlllll HaCaMnepeJJ. iHWe TOnapMCTBO i CDOIX llOMi'-JHMJ<iB, i 3

3a6JKCJUII· CI>I(9ZO

86umo

700 KiHHOTHMKaMH nepenpasnl30I qepe3 HiMaH 3 lh1cKosa il pyiiiMS npoCTO Ha fpOJJ.HO, 60 MaB Bi}l.OMOCTi Bi}l. Wlli-tryr-Iin, 11~0 TaM y CDOEMY JJ.DOpi nepe6ynaB To.n.i lli1TOBChKm1 MapwaJJoK RH 3a6)f(e3HHCbKMH, a ~ei1 JJ.iM 6yB po3TawonaHI1H B I<iHu,i Mocry qepe3 pii<y 3 6oKy MicTa. A ua u~e 6iJibWe i1oro HemacT.R. 3YCTpiB ~iEI )K HO'lli Ha lllJI.R.XY nepeJJ. fpOJJ.IIO HOfO I<OXaHKy, KOTpa rxaJJa niJJ. 3a6>Ke311HChKOro. Crrir1Mamm1 H, lliH HaJ<a3aB II.lJ.OITMTaTM npo sci Ta€MHM~i 3a6>Ke3HHCbKoro, JI.HKaJO'l!I1 TopTypaMn, i ~.R. 3i CTpaxy MYCI1Jia npo see po3nosicTH. Tai< flli1HCbKMH Hecno.n.isaHo 3acTan M:oro y .a.nopi i HaKa3aB SH6HTI1 JJ.Sepi JJ.O i1:oro Ki MHaTH. CnyrH JlMHCbKOfO 3HaHllllll1

3a6>Ke3MHCbKOro B Jii>KK)'. BiH HaKa3aB TYPKY niJJ.py6aTH i1oMy ronosy. CJiyrH, HacTpOMHBlllM ronosy 3a6>Ke3HHCbKOro Ha wa6JIJO, npHHeCJIM r"i fJJl1HCbKOMy.

BiH HaKa3aB HacTpOMMTM II Ha JJ.pesKo cm1ca i HecTH nepeJJ. co6o10 qoT11p11 MMJJi Ha CBO€M)' lllJJSlXY .ll.O BiJibHa. floTiM siH HaKa3aB yYOllWTH roJiosy csoro sopora B o,nHoMy o3epu,i, i Ha ~bOMY Mic~i. Ha,n 03ep~eM y nici, i1 .nod CTOITb MyposaHI1i1 cTosrr np11 611TOMY WJI.Hxy. U ei1 3a6)1(eJHHChKWM 6ys «JleniB'-IMK», 6o noxo,nHB Bi.ll. MoHBHJJ.a TaK caMo, .R.K i ,ll.oporocTai1chKi. fJJMHCbKHM , p03}'MiJO'-IH, mo Koponh MOM)' ~boro He npo6aqHTh, 3acyMHisasc.R. y KOpoJiiBCbKiM MIDIOCTi M CXI1JIHBC.R. ,11,0 BiMHH, a Bi,ll, KOpOJI.R. BiH .ll.YMaB CHJJOJO si,11,6MTMC.R.. TyY >Ke siH 6araThOX UIJI.HXTM'lliB np11sepHJB Ha csiJ:i 6iK o6i~.R.HKaMH, ,li,apaMH i, CllO,li,iBaiO'liHCh OBOJIO,li,iTH JlMTOBCbKHM KH.R.3iBCTBOM, BHC'I)'IUIB y llOXi,li,, o6'€,li,HaBIIIH CBOI CMJIH 3 CHJiaMM CBOfO pi,lJ,HOrO 6paTa, BaciDI.H fJIHHCbKoro, .HKMM HOM)' 0,11,pa3y ni.ll.,ll,aB KiJibKa csoix i KopoJIiscbKHX 3aMKiB, KOTpwMH niH KOMaH.zzysas. TaK BOHH o6JIO>KI1JIH MiHCbK, aJie 6aqaq11, mo iforo ,11,o6pe 3axHmeHo, pymiDI:w 3 siticbKOM niJJ. Kne~bK. 3si,ll,TH tioro 6paT BacHJib pyw11s 3 sii1cbKOM Ha Kuis, 3JJ.o6ysas )l(HTOMHP Ta Ospyq, HaMOBJIJIIOqH pycbK)' mJI.R.xry i 6o.R.p, mo6 BOHH JJ.06poniJibHO nepeMWJII1 Ha 6iK Moro 6paTa, .R.KHi1 ni,ll,H.R.BC.R., mo6 onoJio,li,iTM JlHTOBCbKHM KHH3iBCTBOM . .HKmo Bor ,11,acTb tioMY B ~bOM)' macT.R., TOJJ.i niH nepeHece ~IO JJ.ep>KaBY BiJJ.JlHTBHlJ.O Pyci, .R.K paHirne 6yJIO, i Bi,n.HOBMTb KHIBCbK)' MOHapxiio. QHMH o6iU.HHKaMH BiH }')Ke 6araTO KMIBCbKMX 6o.R.p npHBepHYB Ha CBiH 6iK, i ,li,eHKi MOM)' B>Ke npHC.HraJIH. CaM >Ke KHSI3b MHxaMJIO JJHHCbKl1H o6JIO)KHB

~bKHH JaMoK, cno,li,isaiOqHcb, mo KH.R.rHH.R. AH:acTaci.H:, yJJ.oBa no KH.H3IO

CeMeH}', .HKa TaM nepe6ysaJia TiJibKH 3 €JJ.HHHM CHHOM KHH3.SI IOpiEM, ~aCTb 3ro.zcy Bl1HTH 3a HbOro 3aMbK 'lJH TO 3i cTpaxy, '-111 3 HaMosu.

I/ (c. 77) BiH JI.Y·

MaB, mo, B3.HBlllH fi i OTp11MaBWl1 CnyubKe KHH3iBCTBO, BiH ~O,li,aCTb ~0 CBO€I HOTO He MeHrny CHJIY, TaKO)K i CKap6iB. A.lJ.e no6aqHBiliH, IUO 3aMOK Mf>KHbO o6opOH.R.JIH i3-3a <j>opTeqJJHX CTiH

i qacTHMI1 BHJia3KaMH, po3rHiBaBC.SI

359

!TJIUHCbi(JliJ 06JIO:NCU6

Cllyyt>IC.

KHHrA II i 3a.,zcyMaB cnaJIHTH 3aMoK. Kom-1 )K niH BTpaTI-fB 6araTbox JIIO,D,eu, TO -ryr )l(e nycTHB 3afOHH IIO BCiX C~bKI-fX i KOIIHJibCbKMX BOJIOCTHX, nJIIOH.ZJ.pyiOttH IX 3 TaTapCbKOIO )KOpCTOKiCTIO, !TAUHCbtiJlU

o6oll00i8a£ ~ILMU

JaMI(aMU

i TaK cnycTOlliMB yci BOJIO,ZJ.iHHSI CJIYQbKOi

KHSirHHi. Bi.u.C'f}'IIHBIDH si.u. G.liyQbKa u KoniDISI, niH pyruHB Ha Typin, KOTpHM OBOJIO,ZJ.iB

i IIOCTaBHB TaM CBiH rapHi30H 1 B3SIB npMCSiry Bi,ZJ. pycbKMX 6oHp.

lloTiM o6no)KHB Mo3Hp, SIKHH Te)K B3HB i nocTanHB TaM cniu rapHi3oH. Ha .u.onoMory MOM}' seJIMKMH KHH3b MOCKOBChKMH BacMJib npHcJiaB Ocra<PiH }l;amKOBHtta, cnanHoro K03aKa, KoTpHu 3

20 THCHttaMM MOCKOBCbKOi KiHHOTJI. 3

.u.o Hboro He.u.asHo nepeumos,

HHMM fJIHHCbKMH pynnm IIi,D, iHmi

3aMKH, ,li;O HbOfO npH€,lJ,HaJIHCSI KHS13i }J;p}'UbKi 3i CBOIM 3aMKOM }J;pyQbKOM, KH.H3b M1-1xauno McTHcnascbKMM i3 3aMKOM McTucnanoM, a TaKO)K i1oMy ni.u..u.anMCSI 3aMKH: Opma, Kputten, foMeJib. B ocTaHHix 3aMKax fJIMHChKMii IIOCTaBMB rapHi30HH 3 MOCKOBHTiB. CaM >Ke BiH IIOBepHfBCSI Ha3a,D; lJ.O ~ Ka, cno.u.iaaiOttMCH, l.l.\0 AHacTacin 3i cTpaxy Ta ni.n spa:>KeHH.HM ni.n M:oro ycnixis niMaCTh i1oMY 3aMOK, ane, HK i paHime, IIOMHJIHBCSI y csoix Ha){iHx. Bi.zr. C,_rrynbKa niH BHCT}'IIMB 3Hoay Ha Hoaropo.u.oK, a 3Bi,nTH nocnas 3aroH'H !TAUHCb'(JlU

6mil( .u.o BinhHa, nKi MaJIM MTM nepe.n HMM. Kon11 >K no6a,ms, ~o y Hhoro HeMa iJo !).{oc1(6u TaKOI BeJIMKOI CHJIH, ~06, 3aMH.HBUIH 3aMKM, CTaTH npoTH KOpOJISI, TO B'H-

IXaB 3 ,npy3HMM Ta CKap6aMM.l{O' MOCKOBCbKOfO KHSI3H, IIOCJiaBIDM nepe,n C06oiO csoro 6paTa BacHJISI fJIHHCbKOro. BiH 6ys 3 no"'eCTRMH npHHHHTHH MOCKOBCbKHM KHR3eM, BOHH o6,nyMyBaJIM Te, SIK 3.U.06YTM HaCaMnepe.n CMOJieHChK, a nicJIH nboro nerme 6yAe nocicTH iHmi JIHTOBChKi 3aMKH. RK IIHllle

HOiJO'K ,l(ev.iii, 6yno .ZJ.y>Ke 6araTO JIIO,D,eH 3 Pyci Ta 3 JI HTBM, KOTpi .l{Q-

IIOMaraJIH QbOMY fJIHHCbKOMY, i 6yJIO 6 IX ~e 6iJibllle, SIK6H fJIMHCbKMH npoTpHMaBC.H .z:r.osmHw 1.1ac. AJJe CHri3MYH.ZJ., 3ano6iraiO"'H no"'aTKaM mKi,zvumoi sii1HM, HKHawmsH.z:r.me nocJias nepe.n. co6o10 csoro reTbMaHa MHKOJia.H <l>ipJieH i3 HaHMaHHM pHQapCTBOM, a IIOTiM i CaM BHIXaB .ZJ.O JlHTBM, BMpilliHBIIIH cnpaBH KopOHM I10JibCbKOI. TMM "'aC OM MuxaMJIO

r JIHHCbKHH,

B3HBIIIH IIOMi"' Bi.l{ MOCKOBCbKOfO KH.H3H, BHpyUIHB 3 BeJIMKHM BiHCbKOM ni.n MiHCbK i 3.ZJ.o6ysas 3aMKM CMJibHMM IIIrypMynaHHHM. KoJIH >K niH noqys, 1.1.\0 KOpOJib CHriJMyH.U. M.l{e 3 BiMCbKOM, TO .HKHalllliBH,l{IIIe IIOCJiaB )1.0 MOCKOBChKOrO KH.H3H, npocsP-tM M.oro npo 6iJibiiiY .u.onoMory. ToM. o.u.pa3y )I( nocJiaB i1.oMy 60 THC.Htt KiHHoro sii1chKa, KOMaH,nysaHH.H KOTPMM .nopy"'HB R'Koay 3axap'iHy Ta KH.H3IO l.QeH.HTEBY (Szczenict). KopoJib >Ke, npHixanmH 11.0 EepecTSI, BHIIIMKyBaB (.U.li.H IIOXO}I.y) HaMMaHHXJIIO)l.eM, KOTpMX 6yno 50 TMCH\1, He paxyiOt~M :Horo .u.nopy. JlHTOBCbKi si:HcbKa lliHKYBaJIHCH TaKo:>K 6iJIH Hosropo.u.Ka. pyiiiHB

(c. 78) 3'€.U.HasmHcb i3 HHMH, KopoJih i3 Hai1MaHHM ni:HcbKOM

.u.o MiHCbKa. IJoqyniiiM npo ne, fJIHHCbKHH o,D,pa3y >K ni.z:r.crynHB si,n

MiHChKa i 3 MOCKOBCbKHM nii1chKOM pymMB npocTo ni,D, EopHcon. KopoJib !TJIUHCb'(JlU

niiJ ?.(iuCbl(pM

3Hony BHlliHKysas sii1chKO y noxi,D,HI-n1 nop5I.ZJ.OK 6iJIH MiHCbKa, sHpymHB 3a fJiliHCbKHM i Ha3.u.orHaB i1oro 6in.H Oprni Ha.D; )J.HinpoM. TYT ,no Hboro npH6yJio 3ra,lJ,aHe 60-THCH"'He MOCKOBCbKe BiHCbKO. MoCKOBCbKi BO)K)J.i, 3po3y· MinmH, 11(0 fnHHCbKHH TiKa€, a Koponh CHri3MYH.U. Vi.u.e 3a HHM, 3 TaKol Hecno)l.iBaHol He6e3neKH ananH .u.yxoM i TYT >Ke CTaJIH ni.U.BO.ZJ.l1TH enol niVicbKa,

360

KHMrA ll noKJia,n.aiO"t.JH Ha).J,iiO TiJihKH Ha BTet.ty. OepenpaBMI311IMCb Ha3a,n.*

(c. 79)

qepe3 .lJ.Hinpo 3 BeJIHKI1MM Tpy,nHOil..\aMH Ta llliCO.l{OIO, BOHH IIO'-laJIM o6opoHHTM nepenpany Bi,n; HallJHX, IIOCTaBMJIH no BCbOMY 6epe3i CBO€ BiHCbKO, a caMi CTaJIH nocepe.n Jiicy. THM t.tacoM Harne nif..ichKO y 6nucey'UIX o6Jia,nynKax, i3I.U.l·ITaMM, cnncaMM, npanopU:HMH, 6JIMCKYt.IHMH lliOJIOMaMH, npHKpaWeHe nip'.stM Ta Jieonap,n;OBHMM IDKypaMH, np11HlliJIO Ha )J.Hinpo i 3,l{aJIOCH MOCKBi .l{}')Ke BeJIHKHM. BOHO CTaJIO Ta6opoM Ha TOMY Micu:i, 3Bi.l{KH MOCKBa TiKana qepe3 .ll.Hinpo, a u:e 6yno B ,neHh cs. MaprapHTH. TMM qacoM KillbKacoT HalliHX, a llOTiM i Kinhi<a THCH'l y ,l{BOX pi3HMX Micl.(HX n6pi.n; nepeHlliJIH )J.Hinpo, o,nHi HH:>K'le, a .n;pyri BHI.U.e 3a Te"tJiEIO. MocKna nepemKo,n:>Kana HamHM nepenpaBJIHTHCH, a Hami 6peJJ11 npOTH HHX; TO,n;i iHWi Haiiii, HKi B:>Ke nepenpaBHJIHCH qepe3 )J.Hinpo BHI.U.e H HH:>K'-Ie, Ta€MHO ,niii:UIOBJIJH ,no MOCKOBCbKOrO Ta6opy, i3 CHJibHHM KpHKOM n.napHJJH Ha Hboro. BoHM po36HJUI lx i B3HJUI Ta6ip, a nOTiM B,napHJJH Ha THX, KOTpi 3 HalliHMH BOIOBaJIH 3a 6pi,n, i BHacJii,noK U:boro Hami Jierme nepenpanJIHJIMCH. Tlo6aqMsmM l.(e, KOpOJib CHri3MYH,n, KOTpMH ,U.HBHBCH 3 iHllloro 6epera Ha po3noqary 6HTny, caM nepenJIHB ,L(Hinpo Ha KOHi i ni,nHiC U:HM ,nyx BiHCbKa, a MOCKBi 3JiaMaB IIOp.H,nOK, 60 3a KOpOJieM nee, I.U.O :>KHBe 3 HalliHX, 3 I<pHKOM i ryKOM, OXO"t.Ie, Hi6H Ha neciJIJIH, pymHJIO s6pi,u., nime Ta KiHHe. OcKiJILKH B:>Ke ci.nano coH~e. TO Koponb qepe3 He6e3neey HKOicb 3aci,nKH MY.npo Bt.t:HHHn, HaKa3aBlllH csoiM 36poHHO CTaTH HanorOTOBi Ha KOHHX, I.U.06 Ha CBiTaHKY Kpai.U.e B.U.ap11TH y ,u.o6poMy 6oHOBOMY Jia,ny Ha BeJJHKe MOCKOnCbKe BiHChKO, KOTpe CTO.HJIO Heno.naniK. IIocTaBMBIIIM .no6py CTopo:>Ky y csoEMY siiicLKY, niH caM nosepHYBCH .no csoro Ta6opy o TpeTiii ro,nMHi BHot.t:i i a:JK YI-JOt.ti noo6i,u.as. rJIMHCbKI1if )Ke nparH}'B ocTaHHiif pa3 BHnpo6ysaTI1 csoE I.U.aCT.H i1 oTpHMaTH nepeMory B u;iw 6HTBi, TOMY ,U.06HBaBC.H Bi,U. MOCKOBCbKI1X reTbMaHiB, I.U.06 BOHI1 .l{aJIH reHepaJibHY 6HTBY KOpOJJIO, o6il.(.HIO"'H iM neBHY i _ny)Ke JierKY nepeMOry, .HKIIl;D BOHI1 B"'HH.HTb 3ri,u.HO 3 HOrO nopa,n.OIO. AJJ.e reTbMaHH , OCKiJihKI1 iM iHaKme HaKa3yBaB MOCKOBCbKHH KH.H3h, He XOTiJII1 y l.l;bOMY cnyxaTH rJIHHCbKOrO. TOMY BOHH OIIiBHO'li B11pym111111 3 BeJII1KHM CTpaxOM, KHH}'BIDH T.H)KapH, i BeJIH CBO€ BeJIHKe BiifCbKO Ha3a):\ qepe3 60JIOTHCTi JiiCI1. rJIHHCbKHif )Ke, CIIaJIIOIO"tJH i1 nycToma"'H see 3a co6oiO, MYCHB TiKaTH 3a HHMH a:JK Ha CTapo.u.y6, 6o.H.qHcb, I.U.06 iioro Hami He B3JIJIH B noJioH. HK611 Hami XOTi.JIH Ha3,nOraH.HTI1 MOCKBy, TO JierKO 6 ii po36HJIH, KOJIH BOHa B naHil.(i if 6e3Jia,n.i TiKMaJiicaMH. Ane 3 orJIH,lJ,f Ha He6e3net.t:Hi lliJI.HXH, Ta.KO)K i BO€HHi TPYAHOW.i, naHM-pa,u.a si,u.pa,u.:>KfBaJIH KopoJI.H si,u. 1.\LOro, TOM}' KOpoJIL si.l\ Opwi pywHs npocTo ,u.o CMoJieHCLKa, a TaM Ha nepeJJ.MicTi eTas Ta6opoM. XpoHiCTH 3r3A}'IOTL TOJJ.i HKorocb TIEpXJIHHCbKOro, KoTporo HoposMcTHif KiHh 3aHic BIIJiaB Ha cepe.AHH}' ,L(Hinpa, a IIOTiM CKHH)'B HOrO 3 ce6e. ll€pXJJHHCLKHH a)KJJ.O caMHX KOJiiH 6ys y6paHHH B I<ipacy I I (c. 80) i TOMf nimos a.>K JJ.O JJ.Ha srJIH6 6HCTpoi piKH. Y)Ke sci iforo OIVIaKaJIH, JzyMCUOqH, ~o

• ,l(ua. iAeHTnqHnA wa.nJOHOK y KH. I (c. 136 opuriHa.ny).

361

9ofocl(8a poJ6uma

KHMrA II ~tp;t(.llllH ·

BiH BTOllHBCH, a ~10 npHfO.lcy 6aqHB CaM KOpOJib CMri3M)'lm i llOH3,n 3 THCHqi

CI>IQIU ;1(.0·

iJumt> 3 :Horo BiMCbKa. THM qacoM 11epxJIHHCbKMM, 3aKyTHM y T.SOKKY 6poHIO, y;6poinw ,D.icTaBWHCb ,D.Ha, iimos no HbOM}' i nepe:Hmon Ha .npynn16iK ,ll.Hinpa, TiJibKH 6ouoro

,D.Ba pa311 KOBTHfBWH BOJI.H, .siK caM )Ke po3noBi,D.an. BiH 6ys noTiM y MHJIOCTi B KOpOml. ~OJII>CI>JQ

umt..Aumu MmWpyromb

9Joci({J6iro

/}JipJZeiJ.,

ilOTiM KOpOJib llOCJiaB BOIOBaTH npOTH MOCKBH CBOIX reTbMaHiB, MH· KOJiaH ipne.s~, KocT.siHTHHa (0cTp03bKOro), KOTpHii He,nanHo BTiK 3 Moe· KBH, 3 n'H3HHI..(i, i Kimey 3 KiJibKOMa THCH\IaMH siiichKa. CaM Koponb CTO.siB

~crtt.JlnmUH

6iJI.s1 CMoJieHChKa. TaM KimKa nee 6im1 MOCKOBChKoro 3aMKy BH3bMM CWIIOH-

OcmpOJbiQlU,

.npysan Ta Cll)'CTOWMB, 3aB,ZJ.aBI..IIH neBHOI I..IIKO,ZVI MOCKOBCbKOM)' BiHCbKy, i 3i

?\jiU~a.

Caniza 3,li.06H\IlJIO, 6araTCTBaMH Ta B'H3HSIMH llOBepH)'BCH ,ll.O KOpOJIH. MocKOBCbKMM KH.si3b, .noni.naBIIJHCb npo Hell..{aCT.si csoro siiicbKa, no~epe.MupJI J .Moci({J6· CJiaB riHQH ,ll.O KOpOJI.sl, npOC.sl'liH nepeMHp '.sl Ha neBHHX )'MOBax, THM 6iJibllie Cb!Ql.M

(1\!UlJe.M) 1..1\0 KOpOJIIO BIDKKO 6)'JIO pyxaTHC.sl qepe3 311M)', a sopor )'HHKaB Bi,D.KpHTOi

6HTBH. ,ZJ.o Toro )I( niiicbKO ,li.apeMHO MY'liHJIOCH no Jiicax, iioro ,D.OBO.U.WIOCSI YTPHM)'BaTH, a cnpanH KopoHH BMMaranH npHCYTHOCTi KopoJI.si. ToMY KOpOJib .nan 3ro.u.y Ha yKJia,neHH.si MMPY· BiH nocJian TOJI.i .no MOCKOBCbKoro KHSI3.si JIHTOBChKoro KaHQJiepa lnaHa Caniry, KOTpHii i yKJiaB 3 MOCKOBChKHM KH.si3CM nepeMHp'H Ha llCBHMM 'llaC, a np11 QbOM)' 6yJIM )'3f0,ll.)I(CHi TaKi HaM'.Y~tto6u

nepe.MupJI

fOJIOBHillii YMOBH: ~o6 sci 3aMKH, .siKi MHxaiino fJIHHChKMM paHii..IIe TPMMaB 3fi,D.HO 3 ,ll.~M'lJHMM npaBOM i .siKi ni,D. qac QiEI BiHHH 3aXOTIHB BHaCJii,D.OK CBO€I 3pa,nH, .siK-oT: Typo6JI.si (Turobla), MocKi (Moski) Ta iHini, 6yn11 nosepHeHi BeJIHKOM)' KHSI3iBCTB)' JlHTOBChKOM)'; ~o6 fm1HCbKHM SIK BTiKa'll BTpanm yci enol BOJIO,D.iHHSI y JlMTBi, a )KHB co6i y MocKni; n'.si3Hi 3 o6ox cTopiH 6yJIH 3BiJihHeHi. Ha ni yMoBM i1 npHCTaJIM.

Y TO:H )l(e qac TaTapH

n.n.epJIHC.H Ha BoJIMHb, ane 6e3 ycnixis, 6o o.n.H)'

ixHJO qacTMH)' KocT.HHTHH (0cTp03hKm1:), a .npyry K03aK 11omoc (Polus 9Hamtlpu Kozak) po36HJIH i 3.ZJ.06H'll si.n.H.siJIH. Tai<O)K cnpanHHH poTMicTp JlyKam poJ6umi MopaBCQb i3 ,ll.BOMa COTH.HMH CBOIX JIIO,ll.CM HaTpanMB Ha O,ll.MH TaTapCbKHll JariH i po3rpoMHB iioro 3 .u.onoMoroJO nii1ChK KH.RrHHi CnyU:bKOi, Ha6pan llOJIOHeHHX. 0TaK JlMTOBChKC KH.si3iBCTBO 6yno TO,ZJ.i 3BiJihHCHe Bi)l. ,ll.BOX BOpOriB 0/].HO'IaCHO: i Bi,ll. TaTap, i Bi.U. MOCKOBCbKOfO KH.si3.H. 9rfop

y Xpai((J6i CnUJZtHO

El}pt.Jt

PoKy

1508 6ys aeJIMI<Mii Mop y KpaKoai, ni.n. qac .siKoro noMep;m 6ara-

TO nocnoJIHTMX mo.n.ei1. U:boro )I( poKy n KpaKosi 6yno cnaneHo enpe.s~, 'liM.H nponMHa 6yJia .nose,neHa Ha m1ChMi. BiH 6araTo ronop11n npoTM xpHCTH.RHCbKOi BipH i 6JIJ03HipCTD)'BaB npOTH ,ZJ.apin focrrO,ZJ.HiX. PoKy 1509 MOCKOBChKi nocJIH 'liHCCJihHicTJO y 300 I<iHHI1X npuixanH .n.o BiJibHa, ~o6 .z:r.aTH np11c.s1ry Ha ,ll.OTPHMaHH.H nepeMup' H; iM KopoJih I I (C. 81) llO.U.apyaas ycix llOJIOHCHHX. A.Jie ni,n..zt.aHi fJII1HCbKOrO 6ym1 QbOMY He ,ny)Ke pa.n.i, 6o iM .ny)Ke He xoTiJIOC.H MTH .no n:iEi )KOpCTOKor JIIO.U.HHH. Di3Hil1Ie 200 3 HHX pa30M 3 K03aKOM ,ll.ai..IIKOBllt.IeM BTeKJio Ha BoJIHHh .n.o

Maci({J6·

KocT.siHTMHa, KOTPMM niH y KOpOJI.R BMnpOCHB npo6a'ICHH.SI. nicJISI )'KJia·

cmpamu6

)J.CHH.sJ QbOfO nepeMHp'.si ,ll.)')Ke 6araTO K)'riQiB BHIXaJIO 3 JlHTBI1 i llOJibll(i .a.o MocKBM Ja,ZJ.JI.R piJHHX Tonapin. TaK TpanHJIOC.si, m;o, KOJIM BOHH 6yJIH

Cb~UU ('QUlJI>) IIQIUU;t(.

"Jfru~i8

B O)J.HOM)' MiCQi, BHna.zt.KOBO 3aropiJIOCSI )' IXHiM fOCllO,D.i, BHaCJii)J.OK 'IOrO

362

KHHrA II aropina MaW)Ke nOJIOBUHa MicTa. ToMy MOCKOBCbKHH KHSI3b , Ka)Ky'-ll1,

BOHH npHIXaJIII T)'.ll.11 3a,li.JISI 3pa)J.H, HaKa3aB O)J.HHM Bi.n.py6aTH fOJlOBM, a y .n.pyr11x ace 3a6paTJ1 i B'lJMHI1B IM mKO.ll.Y .ll.O 40 THC.H'lJ 3JIOTHX. BoHH noTiM cKap)KHJIMOl, ane MapHo. Uhoro )I( poKY MOCKOBCbKHH KH.H3b o6i~.HHKaMM i1: XI·npm.~ aMM 3)I.o6ys DcKoB, MicTo BeJIMKe, 6araTe, .ll.O Taro 3aB)K)J.M niJibHe, pa3oM i3 aaMKOM. BiH HaKaaas mmeaTM ft O MocKBH .n.aniH, y RKHH )J.3BOHMJIM Min~aHH np11 6y.n.h-RKii1 TPHH031. Uboro )I( poKy nepeKonchKMH xaH MaB 6MTBY 3 HOraiiCbKMMM TaTapa. .. MH, BTpaTH:B TaM )J.IlOX CHH113, a CaM Jie)J,Be BTIK.

9vfoci((J8CI>· I(UU (KJUI.JI>) 8JJZ8 1Tci(JJ6

:Hozai11Ji poJ6UJLu nep e.1(9n·

CI>I(JJZO (~ IUl)

Uboro )I( poKY 6yn TaKMM neJIHKMH aeMJieTpyc y KoHcTaHTHHononi, mo 3e.Jrlnempyc rype~hK I1H cyJITaH :0a.H3eT BMHmon 3a MiChKi MYPH i )J(MB ni.n. HaMeTaMM y y !JJfype'r/w.ui noJii; 6yn aeMJieTpyc in :OocHil, n )lanMa~il Ta ITaJiil, niH BMKJIMKan BeJIMKMH CTpax JIIO.ZI,eM i np113BiB )1.0 pyJ:mynaHH.H 6araTbOX MicT. PoKy 1510 nepeKonchKMH xaH, nparHy'lJH noMcTMTMC.H Horai1~.HM aa CBOIO nopaaKy, 3HOBY BHCTynHB npOT.M HHX i, n epeHUIOBiliH piKy .l(OH, aycTpin ix, He roTOBMX .n.o 6o10. To.n;i niH .a.si'lli poarpoMMB lx, aaxon11n y 1Tepei(JJnCbl(ui1 (;caH.) noJioH ixHix .n.py)KMH Ta .n;iTei1, BCboro noHa.n. 70 TMC.si'lJ, i npHrHaB lx )I.O CBOEI poj6u6 op.n;M. )KaniiO'lJH CBOIX .n.p~HH Ta )J.iTeif, 'lJMMaJIO HOraif~iB BTeKJIO .ll.O nepeKOllCbKOfO xaHa, 'lJMM niH .n;y)J(e 3MiQHHBC.H. MaJ;i)Ke To.n.i )1(, KOJIM 6yJia Q.H 6MTBa, y JlbBOBi 6yB TaKMM rpiM i TpicKaHH.H 6JIMCKaBOK, mo 06BaJIHJiaC.H 3Ha'lJHa "tJaCTHHa M}'piB Ta 6y.ll.MHKiB. Hen.n.onai nicJI.H ~horo ~el1 nepeKonchKHii xaH MeHrJii-fipeii, He .n;oTPMMYIO'lJHCb npHc.HrH , .n.aHoi Koponro, s.n;ap:ws Ha liHTBY 3 BeJIHKHM BiHCbKOM i nycTOUIHB TaM 3eMJIIO, 3aXOOHB 'lJ.MMaJIO JIIO,ll;eH i xy.n;o611. IJoTiM BiH pymHB Ha Mon,naBiiO i 3Bi,ZJ;T11 Te)K BHBiB 'lJHMaJIO JIIO,neJ1. AJre KOJIH BOHH UIB.M)J.KO nonepTaJIHC.H Ha3a)J, 3i 3.ll.06M'lJ'lJIO, XaHCbK.MH CHH DaTH-fipeif BTOllHBC$1 y .l(HicTpi. To)J.i TaTapH, 3a3HaBUII1 6iJihlliOI IIIKO.ll.M Bi.ll. BO.ll.H, Hi)K Bi)J. JIIO)J.eii, niiiiJIM .no TiepeKona. Uboro )I( poKY y BeJIM'lJQi B COJI.siHMx KonanhH.HX O)J.MH ri pHHK nycTHB noroHL, qepea mo 3a)J.MXHYJIOC.H B )J.HM}' 6araTo nro.n;eii. KonH )I( :iKO,l(eH He HaBa:ii<YnaBC.H cnycTMTMC.H T}')J.M )J.JI.H ixHLoro nopHryHKY, AH.n;)f(eii Koc~e JieQbKMii, TO,nimHiH :ii<YllHMK, xopo6po 3Ba)f(MBC.H Ha QIO He6eane'liHY cnpaBy. 3a HMM ue B'lJMHMB KpaKiBCbKMH paHQ.H CenepHH BeTMaH, KOTPMH MaB ~e noHa.n. 90 poKiB. CaMe niH BpHrynan KocueneQbKoro, KOTpMii y:il<e Maii)Ke 3a.l(HXH}'BCH y .D.MM}', I I (c. 82) a noTiM aaB)J.HKH M}')KHOCTi ix o6ox noroHb 6yno norameHo, 'lJMM aano6ir1111 aananeHHIO KonaneHL. PoKY 1511. TiepeKoncLKHii xaH xoq i npMCSiraB Kopomo, ane 6yn apa.n.HHKOM, aHony HaBecHi n.n.epcSia 24 THCH'lJaMM TaTap pycLKHX KpaiH, noCTaBHB cBiii Kiiii Mi)K BycbKOM Ta OnecLKOM, a ani,nTH nycTHB cnoi aaroHH B yci KiHQi. KopoJrb CHriaMYH.n., aHiTpoxH He 3BOJiiKaiOt~H, nocJiaB cniii ,nBip )J.O HaliMaHHX mo.n.eif Ha Pycb. AJre nepm Hi)f( npMiiiiioB .n.nip, KaM' SIHeQbKHii cTapocrn JIHHQKopoHCbKHH, ai6paBmH Tpoxu HaiiMaHHX JIIO.n.ett Ta iHWHX, .nomeH-ry poarpoMHB TaTapcLKMH aariH 6inSI BinLKH, aarHaBmH TaTap Ha 6onoTo. UHM BiH ni.n.Hic HaiiiHM .n.yx TaK, mo KOJIH Bci ai6panHCSI paaoM, TO

.n.o

363

HQZilUc1>1(9W

!JJ[amapu 6 .9lum6i i 6 ?.foniJa6ii

!Top5lml:> zopu

y '.Be.!IU'tlji

9Jfamapu

6Pyci

J'25lHu'"'·

po~bl@il

tpo.Murm.

mamap

KHHrA II XOTiJIH BAapHTH Ha TaTap niA BumHeB:QeM, K}'AH BOHH CTSiryBa.JIHCSI 3i 3AQ6H1.ftll0, JIJIHUKOpOHCblillff, p03BiAaBUIH npo TaTapCbKi cnpaBM, npo iXH€ po3TamyaaHHSI, npu6ys HaABe'lip .no ai:HcbKa, KaJKYtiH, ~o TaTapu ueo6epe)KHi Ta 6e3ne'IHi i AaJieKo OAHH niA Apyroro 3arouy CTO.HTb. TaKO)K .nyManu npo Te, SIK HaiiKpa~e po36HTH TaTap. OT)Ke, JlsrH:QKopoHCbKHH, aMiHHBUIH KOHeM, BHiXaB 3HOBY npOTH TaTap YHOt~i, a CBOIM, JIKi 3aJIHUiaJIHCJI, HaKaJaB THM t~aCOM niAKpinHTHCSI Be'lepeiO. flpHiXaBIDH 3i CTOpo)Ki, BiH IIQpaAHB iM ,naTH 6HTBy. A TiiM qacoM npHixas JIHTOBChKHH reThMaH KocT.HHTHH 3i CBOIMH BOJIHH:QJIMH, KOTpHX MaB )lO 2 THCSI'I KiHHOTH. BcbOfO .>K paCyrupt'lJ(a 30M 3 HaUIHMH si:HcbKa 6yno 6JIH3hKO 6 THCSI'I. Bci pna.nHC.H .no 6010, 6o Manu npo 6um8y J mama· Bci ,no6pi 03HaKM nepeMOfH, ane He MOrJIH IIOrO)lHTHCJ13 THM, XTO MaB CTapa.Mu TH Ha qoni ii nepwuM s.n;apHTH; KocT.HHTHH npocHB, ~o6 caMe niH i3 caoiM BiHChKOM nepmHM p03IIO'laB 6HTBy, 60 CaMe BiH ,no6pe 3HaB TaTapCbKi 3811qai; .HKJ.l(O nepm11:H y.nap 6y.n;e A06pHM, TO ue niAipne TaTapaM cH.Jiy .n;yxy. llon.HKH

)I(

,noMara.nuc.H nepmocTi, Ka*Y'!H, mo BOHH Kpame oa6poeHi, Ma-

IOTb JiiiiWHX KOHeH i IM He HOBHHa 6HTHCJI 3 BOpOrOM. KOCTJIHTHH :Qe BI13HaBaB, a.ne Ka3aB, mo 3 TaTapaMH iHaKma 6ysaE cnpaaa, Hi.>K 3 iHilli1MI1 aoporaMH, Tpe6a BMiTH 6HTHCJI 3 HHMH. THM qaCOM np116yna CTOpmKa, .HKa ,noHecna, mo TaTap11 B)l(e roryiOThC.H, 6o B)l(e HeB)J.OB3i cniTaHoK. To)J.i Harni 3Ha.Me~tuma

6um1Ja

nepecTa.nH caapHTHCH: JIIO)J.H KocT.HHTHHa CTaJIH Ha npaauiil <PnaHr, a noJI.HKH- Ha JiiBIU1. ilOJihChKHM BiMChKOM KOMaH)J.yBaB MHKOJiaM KaM'HHe:QbKHH, a JIHTOBCbKHM - KocT.SIHTHH. KocT.SIHTHH TpoxH si,nais caoix n10.n;ei1 ai.n; noJihChKHX 3aroHiB. CaMe Ha Hhoro B)J.apHJIH TaTapH, 3)J.iHH.SIBlllH Kp11K 3a csoiM 3BH'la€M, 3iiimnuc.SI B 6HTBi )J.o6pe, ane caoiM cTpiJIHHHHM TaTapH 3aB,ZJ;aJIH 3Ha"'HOI lllKO,ZJ;H JIHTBi. Y QeM "'aC KOCTHHTHH KpHKHYB nOJUIKaM, mo6 )J.OIIOMaranH. To.n;i BHCTYflHJUI ai csoiMH poTaMH Bo:Huex CaMnoniHcbKHH Ta RK}'6 lloTOQhKHi1 i PHTYBaJIH JIHTBy. KocTHHTHH 3HOBY a.n;apHB Ha TaTap. TaTap11, no6a'!HBlllH CHJIY npoTH ce6e, 3i6paJIHCH sci B o,n;HH aariH i3 THMH, I.I.J;O 6y;m 6in.s~ .HCHp.H, TiJibKH 3aJIHlllHJIH TpoxH 3 '-IHCJia Hai1riprnHx .n;JI.SI oxopoHH 3}l.o6w-l i. Bci .n;o6pe 3ii1:mJIHC.H B 6HTBi, HUIJIH o,n;HH aa.n;pyrHM noJibChKi 3arOHH, I I (c. 83)* a TaTapH cTaJIH KOJIOM (AJI.H o6opoHH), ace 3MiWaJIOC.SI. 0)J.HH llOJlbCbKHM 3ariH npo6HBC.H qepe3 TaTap a)~( ,ZJ;O KOllla, ,Ae

flYT, . . ' . )J,OllOMaraJIH O,lJ.He O,ZJ;HOMy XTO "'HM Mlr, 1 TaK 3 B .SIJHIB BOHH CTaJIH pm~apR6ynH B'.SI3Hi, KiJibKOX p038'.SI3aJIH, a llOTiM O)J.HH Apyroro 3BiJibHHB 3

MH. CTpHBO)I(eHi TaTapH, SIKi B)l(e 6yJIH CTOMJieHi, llOtJaJIIi BTiKaTH, a HaUii !lJTamapu )J.aJieKo rHaJIHC.H aa HHMH, rpoMJI.H'-IH ix. To.n;i ai,n;6HJIH JHa"'HY '-laCTHHy TapoJ6umi TapcbKOI 3)J.06HtJi, po36HJIH 25 THC.HtJ TaTap B ,neHh CB. BiTaJiiSI BHlll.e3ra)J,a-

HOrO poKy ni.u. BHlllHenQeM Ha)J. piKoiO fopnHHIO. CaMHX TiJihi<I1 n'HaHiB, KoTpnx Bi)J.6HJIH y TaTap, 6yJio, .HK TBep.U.SITb, 16 THCSitJ, I I (c. 84) a TaTapcbKHx KOHeM Hami Ha6pa.JIH 6JIH3bKO ,n;ec.HTH TliC.H'-1. flOJIOHeHHX TaTap 6yJIO npuaeJeHo .no KpaKona i po3icnaHo no iHillHX aaMKax. Y uii16HTBi ai,n;aHa'IHJIHCH 3 reTbMaHOM MHKOJiaEM KaM'nHeQbKHM .HH O.n;ponOH)K ai CnpoaH (Prowy), Orro 3 Xo,n;qa (Chocca) rep6a «IOHoma» , no.AiJihCbKHil noEao.n;a;

* ,U~-to. i~cHTH'IHHil MaJJIOHOK y KH. I (c. 191 opurina.~1y).

364

KHHrA II CTaHiCJiaB 3 Xo.n:.tta, KopoHHMii MapmaJJOK, JihBiBCbinti1 cTapocTa; MapuiH KaM'RHeUhKHi"I, lleTpo i CTaHiCJiaB KMHTH, CTaHicnan Jl.HHQI<opoHCbKHii rep6a «3a.u.opa», RH CnepttoBCbKMH rep6a «Tpy611», RH i MMKOJiaii lliJieubKi, RH 3 TapHona, 51Ky6 CeuMrHhOBChKMi1 i 6araTo nOJibChKoro pH'DuHacmiJI uapcrna. 3 KocTRHTMHOM 6ys AH;~)Kel136apa3bKnii i MMxal1no BMlllHeneuh- I(HJIJi6 Knii i3 CHHaMM, pO.U.M RKMX € 6JII13bK11MH i MalOTb 3a rep6 niBMiC.HUb i xpecT. 36apaJbiQl~ ma 'BuumeBoHH noxo,n:RTh 3 JIIfTOBCbKHX KH.H3iB, ni.u. Kop116yra, Onbrep.u.osoro CHHa,

8et;bi(JJ~

TOMY B)KMBaiOTb i rep6 «lloroH.H». Poey 1512 nepeKonchKHM xaH, I<OTpHii caM nopyumn nepeMMp'R, 3a,n:JIR MOrO Bi.D.HOBJieHH.SI npMcnaB nOCOJibCTBO .U.O KOpOJIR i )J.JIR neBHOCTi nepeMifp'R )J.aB y 3aKJI~ csoro cuHa 1-()Kana)J.MHa (Dzialadyn), ane KOJIM ,li.)KaJia.U.HH y JlMTBi noMep BiJJ. rap.HttKM, To TaTapi1 3Hoay nopymHJIH MHP i s.n:.epnMCR .u.o JlHTBH. O.u.HaK I<opoJib B)Ke He xoTiB iM )J.asaTH 3BM'laiiHoro )KQJI)J.y, 6attatiM, ~0 BOHH He )J.OTpMMYlQTb )J.aHoro MOM}' CJIOBa, 60R'lMCb, IUO

9I[amapa.M. Jampu.Mauo :JICOAU

ueii )KOJIJJ. yaiii.D.e iM y 3BMttaii, a Taey noBMHHiCTb niH He xoTiB MaTM. A mo6 .u.o Toro )K i rypoi< 3 ttacoM He CTaB .u.oMaraTMCR RKOicb )J.aHMHM, TO niH swpilliMB Kpame o6ep"YTH Qi KOliiTM Ha 060p0HY, Hi)K IM 6M MaB nocnaTH ll,JIR Hana.n:.y Ha ce6e. PoKy

1513 MOCKOBCbKMH KHSI3b, 6a'la'lM CJIYlliHHH qac,

~0 KOpOJib · 9tfocl(p6-

3aHMa€TbC.H TaTapaMM, 3MOBMBCR lliJIRXOM iHTpHr 3 iMnepaTopoM, npOCRtiM I<opoHY ua JlMTOBCbKe KHR3iBCTBO, Bi)J.KMHYBlliH Ta€MHO nepeMMp'.H i3 CMri3M}'HlJ.OM. Curi3MYHJJ. nottya npo ue i TOMY 3Hosy cnJiaTMB )KOJI.U. nepeI<oncbKHM TaTapaM, ai.u. RI<oro B)Ke 6ya ai,u.MOBMBC.H. A ue niH B'lHHMB 3a,zJ,JI.H

CbiQJU (KJUlJO) nopywy~

nepe.Mup)z :Ko11o no6ep1UHO

mamapa.M

Toro, mo6 i caM xaH 6ya y MHpi 3 HHM i )J.aB HOMY )J.OnoMory npoTM MOCKOBCbI<Oro KHR3SI. TyT )Ke I<oponb CKJIMKas ceiiM i paJJ.HBCR mo.n:.o Maii6yrHboi aiiiHM, Ha KOTPY niH HaKa3an poTMicTpaM Ha6paTM ua CJiy)K6y 3a rpomi 10 TMCR'lJ KiHHOTH i 2 THCRtii niXOTM, CaM )Ke BiH RKHaMI<pa~e rOT}'BaBCR )J.O

KYJii, nopox i B03H 3ri.U.HO 3 noTpe6aMH. TMM t~acoM poKY 1514, OJJ.paJy )K Hanecui, MOCKOBCbKHH KHR3b nocnaa

aiiiHM, roryiO'lM rapMaTH,

nepe.U. C060IO fJIHHCbKOrO, KOTpHM, B.U.epWMCb ,z:(O JlHTBH, XOTiB 3axODMTM KiJibKa JaMKiB, aJie Hiqoro He ,z:(OCRr. EinLme Toro, iioro uami B KiJILKOX MicQRX po36MJIH ii nowapna1111. lloTiM caM aeJIMI<wii KHR3b npuH:mon a ae· JIHKHM niH:cbKOM ni.u. CMoJieHCbK i o6nmKHB iioro, 3,z:(o6yaan iioro 12 Tlf)KHiB, cTpiJIRIO'llf 6eJnepecTaHHO, 6o Man iJ co6o10 .n:.o TpboxcoT rapMaT. O.u.HaK CMoJieHCbK .u.o6pe 6opoHifJIH, i TOMY KHR3b, Hi'loro He BtiHHHBWH HOMY Hi rapMaTaMM, Hi 3allaJIIOBaJJbHHMH R.ZJ.paMH, Bi,z:(CT}'lli-1B, Ti.n:bKH .ZJ.OBKOJllfWHi BOJIOCTi CDJIIOH.ZI.pyaan• .AJie HeB.ZI.OB3i niCJISl l.lbOrO f JllfHCbKHH llO,AaB HOM}' Ha.ZI.iiO, o6iQ.HIO'lH 3.ZI.o6yrR )J.JIJI Hboro CMoJieHCbK, a6R TiJILKH I I (c. 85) KHR3b 6ya MHJIOCTHBHM )J.O HbOro. KOJIM JK MOCKOBCbKHH KHR3b noo6iQ.HB HOMY ne

i ua nncLMi cTnep.ZI.HB, To fJIHHCbKHH 3aXO.ZI.UBCSI.ZI.OBKona Toro,

mo6 3pa.u.o10 3.ZI.o6yru CMoneHCbK. MoMY ue B.lJ.aJIOC.H 6eJ oco6nuBHX aycHJib, cxununmH THX, KOTpi TPHMaJIH 3aMOK, BeJJ.HKHMH o6iu.HHKaMH, t~aCTKOBO norpo3aMH BeJIHKHX Ta :>KOpCTOKHX MfK, .HK~l(O MOCKOBCbKHH KHSI3h Bi3LMe CHJIOIO, a ue .ZI.06posi.n:LHHM ni.ZI.,AaHHHM. OcL TaK niCJIR unx nopa.u. ri HaJIR· KaHi JIIO.ZI.H, j(Ki 6yJIH HeBipHi CBO€Mf BOJIO.ZI.apesi, ni.ZI.,AaJIH 3aMOK.

365

!TJLUHCbl(!lU

BikPCJl. ao Y!um6u !Mocrcp6um nwDumtH.· Cbr(p.M

KHHrA II PoKy 1514, .U:HH 30 JIMnHH, CMoJieHCbK snas.Horo a.n:o6ys aa CTO poKiB .n:o ~boro BeJUIKMi1 KHSI3b JIMTOBCbKHi1 BiToBT. Uei1 3aMOK 6ys TaK .n:o6pe }'KpinJieHMH BaJiaMM, 6aniTaMM, BOrHellaJibHOIO 36p0€10 i BciM Heo6xi,n:HMM, ~0 i1oMy Brui<KO 6yJio ~OCb B'UiHMTM rapMaTaMH Ta ni,n:KOllaMH. ,no TOfO .IK

BiH MaB .U:OCTaTHbO BiikhKa, qepea :mo KOpOJib He ,n:y>Ke T}'p6ysaBCSI XO~OM HOfO 06JIOfli. monpas,n:a, BiH nOCJiaB T}'.ll:li

500 llOJibCbKHX niXOTMHQiB Ha

qoni 3 RHOM CnapraJib~OM, KoTpMtl (.HH) 3aJIMlliMBCSI ni~ OpllleiO, 6o B.IKe He Mir .n:o CMOJieHCbKa ysii1TM. To.n:i y CMoJieHChKY 6ys cTapiiiMM CoJiory6, SIKMi1 XOTiB M}')KHbO 6opOHMTMCSI, aJie HOfO OTi apa,nHMKM He XOTWM CJiyXaTM. 91ocl(96·

Ha ,n:pyrHJ1 ,n:eHb niCJISI B3SITTH 3aMKY MOCKOBCbKMM KHS13b s'ixaB .0:0

CbiQJU

HhOro 11 y seJIMKOMY co6opi 3a rpen;hKMM 3BMtia€M a~iikHMB csmo cny.IK6y.

('I@JlJb) 6~a8 y0toMHCt>l(

BiH norpa6ysas cpi6no, 30JIOTO M: KJieMHO.U:M y 3aMKY Ta n;epKBax i si.zr.icnas .no MocKBM, scix )I(OBHipis, KoTpi TaM 6yJIM, TaKO)I( si.n:npanMB .n:o MocKBM, a s 3aMKY nocTaBMB rapHboH 3i csoix JIIO,n:eu. TiJihKH 6oHp siH aanMillMB y CMoneHChKY, B3SIBIIIH 3 HHX npMcHry. O,n:HaK qacTMHa 3 HHX He XOTiJia i1oMY npMCHraTH i BOJiiJia llOKMHYfH CBO€ MaHHO Ta BTeKTM

)1.0

KOpOJISI. KopOJib

.n:anan iM, oco6JIMBO KHH3IO 03MpeQbKOM)', MacanhCbKOM)' (Nasalskiemu) Ta iHUIMM, Ma€THOCTi ryr, y JlMTBi, Hai16inbUie 6iJIH YQHHM (Uciany), ~o Toro 91ocl(96c"l(g qacy, noKM CMoJieHChK He si,n:BOIO€. IloTiM MOCKOBChKMM KHH3b si.nnpaBMB 8ii1c111(9 iiJe nUJ IJJi.JzbHO y noxi.n: 80 TMCHti si:HcbKa, HaKa3aBIIIH IM iTM ni.n: BiJihHO, cno.n:isaiOl.JMCh Ha nos"Y nepeMory Ha~ noJibCbKHM KoponeM. BiH HaniTb HaKa3as se3TM 3a

BiHCbKOM 80311 i3 3aJii3HMMM Kaif)J.aHaMM )J.JISI Maif6yrHiX s ' H3HiB, HaifrOJIOBHiiiiHX 3 HMX o6iQHIOl.JH Bi)l)l.aTM iMnepaTOpOBi Ta HiMeiJ;bKMM KHSI3SJ.M, 60 caMe 3 HMMH siH 3MOBMBCSI. Koponh 6ya To.n.i y BiJibHi i, KOJIM .n.oai.n.ascSJ. npo na,u.iHHH CMoJieHCbKa, .ny)Ke cTpMBO)KMBCSI i1 o.n:pa3y )K nocJiaB CBO€ aii1cbKO .n.o MiHCbKa, .n:e 6yno He TiJibKM Hai1HHTe 3a rpoiiii sii1chKO, a M: naHCbKi (npMBaTHi) siM:cbKa. Bcboro KoponiscbKoro aiM:cbKa 6yno 35 000. IIoTiM Ha npoxaHH.H csolx naHis-pa.u. caM KopoJib si.n:'ixas .n:o Eop11coaa, 3aJIMWHBWH )J.JIH CBO€I OXOpOHH 4 THCHtii BiMCbKa. KoponiBCbKe BiMCbKO .n.o6pe BMCrynMJIO y noxi.n: 3 Ta6opoM, ynoKopeHe focno.n:y Eory qepe3 CBHT}' cnosi,n:b Ta 3HOI(J.l npMHHSITTH CBSITMX napiB. noTiM seceJio M pa.n:icHO BOHO niUIJIO Ha sopo.Mocl(9lkt>l(9i nopaJI(U ra, MaiOl.JH 3HaKH Mai16yTHbOI nepeMorM, I I (c. 86) 6o KPYKI1 Ta wyniKM neTiJIH 3a BiMCbKOM. IJoTiM nepworo )J.HSI XJIOn' SJ.Ta BtiHHMJI11 irp11:ma )J.JISI ce6e,

poa,n:iJIMJIHCH Ha ,n:Bi I<ynM, O)J.Ha- (Hi6H) llOJibCbKa, ,npyra- (Hi6H) MOCKOBCbMoa(jJa poJ6uma

9llamapc~>l(a

~umpicmb

Ka i MY>KHbo 3il1WJIMCSI y 6ii1n;i. Uei1 >KapT 3aKiHl.JHBOI THM, mo MOCKOBChKa CTOpOHa CTaJia TiKaTH, a llOJibCbKa llOfHaJiaCH 3a HeiO 3 Kp11KOM Ta ryKOM i llOl.JaJia KpMl.JaTM: «Di>KMTb MOCKBa! )KeHiTb, 6MMTe U,MX apa,u,HHKiB!» llpo ace n;e nMcanocH a u.iM: icTopil y nepwii1 KHH3i, i TOMY T}'T He aapTo noBTOprosaTMCH. R TiJihKM Te .no.n:aM, ~o nepeKoncbKHH xaH MeHrJii-fipe.H 6ys noKJIMKaHMM Ha )J.OTIOMOry, OCKiJibKM BiH npHC.HraB KOpOJIIO ,n:aTM TIOMiti npoTH MOCKOBCbKOfO KH.H3H. AJJ.e BiH TaK xwrpo Bl.JHHMB, ~0 He 6ys ni,n qac 6HTBM, CKa3aBWM, ~0 He 3Mir np116yTH TaK UIBH)J.KO, a Hacnpan.n.i TiJibKM 3JJ.aJieKa,n:MBMBCSI, KOMY BCMixHeTbCSI ~acTH. Eat.Jal.JM, ~o MOCKOBHT nporpaa i BTiK, BiH B3MMKY Hanas Ha MOfO 3eMJIIO i, ,n:e TiJibKli Mir, CKpiab BOrHeM nonyCTOWMB.

366

KHMr A II MocK013ChKm'i KHJI3b, Ha.JUII<aHHH nporpaHOIO 6MTBOIO, .nii1mou, nna>Kai1, .AO WaJIY Ta 6e3yMcTsa. BiH 6i1·an no CMOJieHCbKOMY 3aMJ<y, Hara.AyiOt.rM 3pa,n:HHKaM, mo noHH HOMY ni)])laJIH CMoJieHCbK, ~06 6YTM H:oMy nipHHMM, o6iLVIB iM .no6py BHHaropo,ny. Ha .npyrm1,neHb niH noM't.JaB 3 MaJIOJO K}'OKOIO cnolx mo.neH: 3i CMoJieHCbKa TaK mnM,nKo, ~o 3a .n.eHb i Hi't.J no.nonan KiJibKa)l.eCJIT Hamnx MHJib. IJ.e niH B't.JMHMB no"t.JaCTM "t.Jepe3 cTpax noTpanMTM .n.o pyK KOpOJiiBCbKOMY BiHCbKy, 00\.faCTM TOMy, ~06 HOfO CaMi :>K CBOI He BMAaJIH, nol.faCTH TOMY, ~o xoTin BMnepeJlMTH 3BicTKY npo nporpaHy 6I-I Tny, ~o6 i-foro 6paTM, KOTpHx niH TPMMan y ce6e B Henoni, He 3MOBMJIHCJI i He CKJ-IHyJIM i1oro 3 TpoHy. A KocTJIHTHH, npuHicmu MOCKOBCbKi npanop11 KoponiO y BiJibHO, nosicMB ix y nineHCbKOMY co6opi, TaKO:>K ni)])laB H:oMy noJioHeHHX, KOTpMX noca,nMJIH B piJHi 3aMKH. AJie MOCKOBCbKMH KHJI3b He XOTiB IX BMJ<YOOByBaTM, i TaK ~i CHBi Ta 3Hal.fHi JIIO.ll:H TYT noMepJIH. I.IJ:onpas.na, noKH BOHM :>KMJIH, To lxHi .npy:>KHHH npHCMJiaJIM IM .no Tion~>nd Te, ~o MOfJIM. <l>opTYHa M11xai1na fJIMHCbKOro 3MiHI1JiaCR, 6o 3aMiCTb Haropo.n:H 3a noc.nyry niH !T.IlUHCbi@U y (j ftJIIUlji noTpanus y MocKni .noB' JI3HH~i. KoJIM niH ,nbHaBCJI, mo H:oro THpaH 3a CMoJieHCbK TPMMa€ B ona.n:i, To qepe3 yropc~>Koro KopoJIJI BJia,nMCJiasa, KopoJiinCbKoro 6paTa, npOCMB KOponiBCbKOI MMJIOCTi, aJie ~e HOM)' He B,naJIOCJI, XO't.J BiH i o6i~JIB KOpOJIIO no,napynaTH CMOJieHCbK Ta iHllli MOCKOBCbKi 3aMKH. ,l(eJIKi 3 JIHTOBCbKMX naHin, KOTPMM KOpOJib CMri3MyH,n .nonipHBCJI, Ta€MHO .ll:OHeCJIH npo ~eM 3a,nyM fJIMHCbKOfO MOCKOBCbKOMY KHJ13l0 BaCHJIIO, He 6aJKaiO'IM MaTHy JlHTBi QbOfO 3pa,nHMKa fJIMHCbKOfO. 0TO:>K MOCKOBCbKI1H J:KopcmoJ(icmt> .MocKH.H3b HaKa3aB :Horo cxonMTM i si,niCJiaTM y MocKny .no B 'H3HM~i. A TpenKY 1(96Cbi(9ZO rep6a «Tonop», nocna ni.n yropc~>Koro Kopon.H ,no fJIMHCbKOro, HaKa3an (J(fUlJIL) np11s 'Jl3aTH .no po:>KHa i CMa:>KMTM Ha nosiJibHOM)' sorHi. TaK caMo niH Bl.IHHHB i KOMOpHMKOBi OOJibCbKOfO KOpOJIJI, KOTpHi16ys nocJiaHMH 3a fJieHTOM nancbKOM)' noc.ny, a.n:e Man i .no fJIHHChKoro ceKpeTHi JIMCTM. HoM)' 6yno cMa)KeHo n onii HOrM a:>K no JIMTKM; JIMTKH6yno npocnep.n:neHo, a ni.n I I (c. 87) HiiTi 3a611TO TpicKH3 ,nepena. AJie o6M,nBa 6yJIM TaKMMM CTiHKMMM, ~0 Hi'IOro He cKa3aJIM i ne,nh )KMBMMM nonepHynMCH .no TioJib~i. O,nHaK noTiM fJIRHCbKMH 6}'B 3BiJibHeHMH 3 B 'R3HMQi i 6ys y TaKiH MMJIOCTi, mo HOfO MOCKOBCbKMH KHR3b npH3Hat.IMB oniKyHoM cnoix CMHin. O,n:HaK noTiM, nicJIH !T.IlUHCbl(llit no.Mep CMepTi BaCMJIH, KOJIM BiH JlaHB HOfO ,npy)KMHY €JieHY, ,ll.OHbK}' CBOfO 6paTa y 6jJJHUiji Baci1JIH fJIMHCbKOfO, 3a po3nyCT}' i )I(OpCTOKiCTb, BOHa 3BMHYBaTMJia uoro y 3pa,ni i 3aMOpHJia y B 'R3HMUi; caMa )I( nOTiM 6yJia OTpyeHa. Ii <j>anopHT (panic) KHJI3b 0B'lJMHa 6}'B noTiM cxoWieHHH ni.n: CTapo.n:y6oM i n nOJibCbKOMY noJioHi noMep, npo ~o Mona ni.n:e HM)Kt.Ie. PoK}' 1515 nepeKoncbKHH xaH, RKR B)l(e 3ra,nynan, aa.n:nn KopOJISI CHria- 9lfamtlpu MKnWp!JIO"U' MyH.n:a XO,ll.HB llOXO.ZJ;OM Ha MOCKOBiiO i, B'lJMHHBWM TaM BeJIMK}' WKO,ny, no- y Moc1({J6ii Beplf}'B Haaa,n, 6y,nyqM (l)K aa 'lJOTHpHa,nQSITh MHJib ni.n: MocKBM. TaK i .HH C8tyto8· CnepqoncbKMH, reTbMaH Ha.ZJ; ;)KOBHipaMM y JlMTBi, poa6MBWM Ta poarpoMHB- Cb'OJU MIOHUpyt

mu MOcKny, cnaJIHB BeJIMKi JlyKH, Toponeub Ta iHwi MicTe'lJKa i ai cnoiM BiHCbKOM nosepH)'BCSI Ha3a.ZJ; 6e3 BTpaT. PoK}' 1516 ue:H )Ke apa,nHHK, nepeKoncbKHH xaH, KOTpu:H 6pas ynoMHH· KM ni.n KopoJISI Ta ni.n MOCKOBChKoro KHSI3H, o6iunn o6oM iM ~aTH ~onoMory,

367

y 9rfoc1({J6ii

KHHrA II ~

a caM Ti.nb:KH III}'KaB oKa3il, xTo

6 MOM}'ID;O .u;as. B3stBIInfynoMHHKH si.u; Moc-

KOBCbKoro KHSI3SI, BiH HaKa3aB 1.10THpbOM CBOIM QapMKaM nepenpaBHTHCSI qepe3 ,.nHinpo i3 40 TI-ICJiqaMM BiMCbKa i B.l{apHTH l!opHHM lllJUIXOM Ha Pycb. KopoJib, xoq i He sipus uinKoM UhOM}' noraHChKOM}' ncy, see >K He cno)linasCR, tn06 TOM Bci€10 CB0€10 CWIOIO MaB WKO)J;HTH PycbKiM 3eMJii, xi6a !nO SIKHMHCb .llpi6HHMH HaCKOKaMH.

A 1.\bOM}', .SIK BiH BBIDKaB, MO)K}'Tb 3ano6iiTH

pychKi >KOBHipH, i TOMY BiH He pywua y noxi)l sciei lllJIJIXTH. O,l\HaK aiH caoiMH JIHCTaMI-1 3aKJIHKaB B0€80)1;, KaWTCJUIHiB, CTapOCT i HaM3Iia1.JHimy lllJIHXT)', tn06 BOHH i3 >KOBHipaMH HlllJIH T)',lJ.H, )J.C BHHHKaJia 6 TaKa ll0Tpe6a, aJie HiXTO He 6ya TaKHM OXO"~U-IM. qepe3 Te IltO O,l\HH )J.HBHBCSI Ha .l\pyroro, BOHH

Wlamap-

B~aJIH TaTapaM Pycb Ta ITo.n.imu1 HK Ha Kpuaany 6ii1:HIO. TaTapu )K, yaiH:moa·

'"IQlu l(fw niJ 'Eycr.11;9M.

1111-1 s 1.\10 aeMJIIO, cTaJni 6iJI.H EycbiCa i poanycTHJIH Ja csoiM 3BHqaeM aaroHH,

9llamapcr.'l@ xopcmol(jcmr.

B3.l(OB)K i BnonepeK ( nonycTOillWIH JeMJIIO), nHnaJIMJIH ceJia, .l(BOpH ii MicTeqKa, 3a6pa.nH JIIO,lJ.CH, xy.u;o6y, spo)KaM, 3raHHJIH IX )J;O CBOro KOIIla. floTiM BOHH nilllJIH Bi)J; piKH ,.nHicTep (Oniepru) .l(O yropCbKHX rip, 3HHII.tHJIH ,u;e.SIKi yropcbKi ceJia i1 MicTe'liKa, suna.nHJIH 36i)l()Kj{, pi3Horo BiK}' mo.u;ei1 o6ox eTa· TCH B3HJIH B SICMp .l(O 50 THCHq; CTapHX JIIO)J;eM Ta )J.iTeft nepe6HJIH, ,l\iB'llaTOK npH 6aTbKax, .n.p}')KHH npH iXHix 1.IOJioniKax rBaJIT)'BaJIH i TaK Ha 40 MHJib BmHp

Cymu~l(a

Ta B3,ll.OB)I( Cll}'CTOillHJIH xpHCTHSIHCbK}' 3eMJIIO. )l(o,Z(eH He npHHWOB Ha,ll.OllQ-

J mama·

MOry, OJJ.HH TWhKM no.niJibChKHM soeso.n.a Mapl.\iH KaM 'HHCL\bKHi1, a' EJJ.Han-

pa.Mu

IllHCb i3 KaM' .SIHCI.\bKHM cTapocToiO CTaHiCJiaBoM Jl.SIHL\KopoHCbKHM Ta .HHoM TsopoBChKHM

i 3 )KOBHipaMH, Hana.nH Ha siciMCOT TaTap ni.n. Tepe6osne10,

po36HJIH ix i Ja6panH 3JJ.06Hq. BoHH TaKO)K HaTpanHJIH Han'HTCOT TaTap 6iJIH fli.n.raiil.\iB. I

(c. 88) [(i TaTapH, no6aqHBlliH, mo ,ll.OBO.l\HTbCSI rHH}'TH, M}')K-

HbO 6HJIHC.SI i1 py6anHOI 3 HawHMH, .l(OKH IX Hawi He n611JIH. TaTapH cnpo6yBaJIH TO.l(i B3HTH Eyc~>K, ane Hi1.1oro He 3MOrJIH MOM}' sqHHHTH, O,l\HaK cnanHJIH nepe)J.MiCT.SI i 3i 3.l(06Hqql() nilliJIH reTb. 3a HHMH niliJOB KOpOHHHM reTbMaH MHKOJiaM <J>ipnei1 3 TIO,ll.WbCbKHM BOEBO,ll.OIO Ta 3 iHWHM pHQapCTBOM, KOTporo He MOfJIO 6}'TH 6iJibWe SIK )J.Bi THCH'lli. BHCryTIHBlllH B noxi)J., BOHH po36HJIH KiJibKa TaTapCbKHX 3aroHiB, KOTpi Bi)lipBaJIHCSI Bi.ZJ. CBOIX, aJie BCe iHille noraHCTBO tdJIHM Bi.ZJ.ii1rnJio. Ka)K}'Th, mo Bi.ZJ.To,zd macT.H ni.l(sepHynocH si.n. Hac, noMepna, BBa)Ka:i1 CBJJTa, naHi I<oponena Eap6apa. Ane see 1.\e cTanoc.H qepe3 Hallli rpixH, 3a KOTpi [OCTIO.ZJ.b Eor TIOKapaB HaC TO.ZJ.i TaK CHJibHO OQHM noporoM. TaKO)K i Hawi niHoi.I.d, cnasiJIJIH , )Ka,zd6HiCTb qacTKOBO npH3BO)J.HTb ,l\0 1.\bOfO, l.l\0 HaM )KaJib .li.JISI BiTt.JH3HH 3)J,iHCHHTH l.l\OCI> 3HaqHe, BOJiiEMO 1.\e 3.Ui:J1CHHTH Ha moch iHWe, MapHe. 'l(pp0111> ITicnRL\iEi lllKO.ZJ.H Kopono nocnas .n.o nepeKoncbi<oro xaHa, TIHTaiOt.JH, J6uHyfJa-zye qoMy niH aqHHHB TaKy neJII-·I Ky JlJKo,ny, 3JiaMaBlllH CBOIO npHc.Hry. XaH nepei(SJn·

Cbl(pZO

{;tarw)

Bi.D.llOBiB, IltO Bee Qe 6yna MOJIO)J,h, noraHHX 81.{HHKiB HKOI He Mir npH60pKa·

fuH!51(p·

TH. Hawi, 6aqaqH TaTapcbKi CMiWKM, He xoTiJIH 6iJihWe sip11TH ixHi:H npMCH3i i not.JaJIH TPMMaT.H TaM 6inbme HaiiiMaHHx niO.n.ei1. O.n.Horo pa3y lx 3i6pa-

poHCI>IQJU

JIOCH KiJibKacoT Ha qoni 3 Opel.\JlaBOM JlHHL\KOpoHci>KHM, i BOHH noixaJIH

yJpaUi

JiJalhta K03aKynaTH (jachaJi w kozactwo) ni.n. Einropo.n., 3ai'mnnM Type~hKi iii Ta{M yJKu ir1) 6oiu TapcbKi OTapH i1 rHaJIM .n.o.n.oMy. KoJIH )K T)'pKH i1 TaTapH Ha3J.tOrHaJIH ix 6iJIH

Jll(iJaBno Osi.n.ienoro (Widowego) o3epa i )J,aJIH iM 6HTB}', Hawi ix nepeMorJII1 i ai 3JJ.0J jziJu;ruCJI 6Ht.JqiO llOBepH}'JIHCH. 0TO)J,i TiJibKH 3'HBMJIMCJI y HaC K03aKH. 1(9JGI(U

368

KHHrA II MocKna, noqysrnn npo 1.\IO Harny UIKOAY niA TaTap, npHi1rnna 3 sii1cbKOM JJ.O BiTe6CbKa, cnaJII1Jia AOBKOJia Hboro ceJia 11 noJiocTi, noTonTaJia 36i>toK.SI,

!MocwGumu niiJ '13ime6 CI>I(OM

npo6yna:1a B3.SITH il3aMOK. Alle Eor He .ZJ.aB IM y QbOMY BTix11, 6o .ZJ.O MocKonil !JJTamapu npHJ'hllJIO 80 TIIC.SI't.J TaTap, KOTpi TiJibKH-HO noaepHyJIHC.SI 3 Pyci i llOBOIOBa- IJ Mocl(fJ6ii JIH BOrHeM Ta Met.JeM MOCKOBCbKY 3eMJIIO B3.ZJ.OB/I< 1 BIIOnepeK .ZJ.yJKe .ZJ.aJieKO, Ha6paJI11 .ZJ.y:JKe 6araTO JIIO.ZJ.ei1 i 611.ZJ.Jia. llepeJI.SIKaHHM MOCKOBCbKMM KH.SI3b aiJJ.KJIHKaB CBO€ nii1chKO ai.ZJ. BiTe6cbKa i nocnan npoTH TaTap, aJie TaM M:oro po36MJIH, 3arHH}'JIO llOHa).J. 20 THC.SI't.J BO.SIKiB, a 't.JI1MaJIO npOCTOJIIOJJ.y TaTapH nOBeJIH B HeBOJIIO. TaTapHH, 3po6HBUIH 1.\e, nocnaa cnolx nocJiin ,no BiJibHa, po3nosi.u.aiO- Xumpuii mamapuH trH npo Qe i1 o6iQ.SIIO't.JM ~e 6iJibUie B'-IMHHTH y MocKonil, a611 TiJibKH 3HaTH, .SIK KOpOJib CTaBHTbC.S:I .ZJ.O HbOro; XOTiB )J.aTM B JaKJia).J. i CBOrO CHHa. A Qe BiH, . . 0\leBH.ZJ.HO, l.IHHHB He .ZJ.JI.SI 't.JOrO lHlllOrO, a TlJibKH qepe3 rOJIO)J. Ta CBOIO BeJil1KY HY)I(.lJ.y, qepe3 w;o aiH Mas Ha 3HMY CTaTH 6iJI.SI 'Y:opHoro Jiicy HaJJ. ,l{HinpOM. IJ:e JaCBi)J.'-IHJIM H HaUii llOCJIM, KOTpi 6yJIH TO)J.i B op.u.i. BOHI1 nepecTepiraJIM HaUIMX, w;o6 6yn11 nHJibHHMH, I I (c. 89) 6o i1 caM xaH He JMir 611 lx araMyaaTM ai.u. IIIKO.U.H, .SIKY BOHH MOrJIH 6 tiHHMTH CBOIMM HaCKOKaMH. Kopollh o.u.pa3y :JK noai.u.oMMB npo 1.\e KaM'.SIHel.\bKOro cTapocry CTaHicJiaaa Jl.SIHQI<opoHCbi<oro i .HHa TaopoacbKoro, Hara,nyiOt.JM IM npo Heo6xi,nHiCTb MaTH cTopo)l()' Ta nMllbHe OKO, ~o6 ai.u.oMocTi npo ace aqacHo MOrJIM npHi1TH; 6y1111 po3icllaHi siQi ,no KpaKiBCbKoi, CaH)J.OMMpcbKOi Ta Jli06JliHChKol 3eMeJib Ta ixHix BO€BO.lJ.. EyJio noCJiaHo i1 Ha BoJIMHb .u.o KH.SIJ.SI 0cTpo3bKOro, II(06 BiH 3i CBOIMM IOHaKaMH 6ys HanOrOTOBi B pa3i 110Tpe6H. J.lK TiJibKH Qe yxaanHJIM, a)l( 'I}'T 3 rpy.ZJ.H.H TaTapH ai.u. qopHoro nicy, po3,nillMBUIHCb Ha tiOTHpi t.JaCTMHH, pHH)'JIH Ha Tio.ZJ.iJIJI.H, Ha KaM'.siHeQb, JleTM"'iB (Latowicu), Me,l.(JKH6i:JK Ta 3iHbKiB. THx, .SIKi npHi1lllJIM ni.ZJ. Me,nJKH6iJK i JleTMtiia, po36HB i po3rpOMMB CTapOCTa Jl.SIHQKOpOHCbKMM, Bi)J.6HB y HHX 3)J.06H'-I, HaB 'H3aB nonoHeHMX i Bi.ZJ.icJiaB ix Kopomo 11.0 BiJibHa; TaM )Key 6MTBi 3arMH}'B PoMaH, KHH3b 0cTp03bKHM, .SIKOrO apa3MB TaTapHH CTpiJIOIO 3 nyKa, KOJIH BiH 3a HHM /l,aJieKO rHaBC.H. ,l(pyrMX TaTap TiaBJIO <l>apypei1: po3rpOMHB 6iJI.H Cella Pa.u.3MHiti ni/1, Me/1,JKH6o)l(eM, 6HBlllHCb i3 HMMM .ZJ.O TpeTbOi ro,nMHM HO'li. BiH noKllaB ix TaM TpynoM .u.o 'lOTHpboxcoT. A THX, KOTpi 6ynH ni/1, 3iHhKOBHM, po36Ma i po3rpoMHB .HKy6 CeQHrHbOBChKHH TaK, Il.(O Ma.JIO xTo 3 HMX, i3 THC.SJqi KiHHHX TaTap, BTiK. IIiCJIH QiEi nopa3KH TaTap cTaJia UIJI.SIXTa Kpa~e .ZJ.yMaTH npo npHKop,llOHHoro )I(OBHipa, w;o6 niH He 6i11H JlhBoaa, a11e 6i11..H KH€Ba CTOJIB; 6yno 6 i aiiichKose HaB'laHHH MOJIO.ZJ.HM JIIO.ZJ.HM, i I<paii(a o6opoHa KOplJ.OHiB. Ha ~ho M}' H norO/l,HJIHCH. Poey 1517 Hami 3 KocTJIHTHHOM Bll.epnHCJI y MocKoBiiO i sqHHHJIH TaM BeJIMKi lliKO/l,H B3.ZJ.OB)K i BnonepeK, /l,iHIDJIH a.JK ,l{O llCKOBa. lloTiM pyniHJIH ni)laaMOK OnO'lJ<Y, nparH}''lH iioro B3JITH. AJie aami Kpand

y 6HTBi s

noni,

!Temr,.MaHu, .RI(j poJ6UIIu mamapc~>l(j

opiJu: Jl.RH~· '(opmtei>J(JlU, ~apypeiJ., Ce~uzH~>oB-

'"IIJliJ. Pa.4caH, JQI.RJI>

OcmpoJr>IQliJ., 66umuu mamapa.Mu g[pui\Pp~mt·

H.UU 31C06Hip \

!Jfawi Bo~a~amr.

npomu Mocr(ffil.

HiJK y 3.ZJ.o6ysaHHi aaMKiB. ToM}' BOHH, He B/l,aiOtJHCb y TPY.U.HOII(i o6noru, Bi,n.CTfllHJIH, CK}'lliT)'BaBI.I.IH WTfPM}'• Tii,ll 'laC QhOrO WT}'PM}' KaMeHeM ia 3aM•

9rly31CH~m•

lo/ 6yno Bi,llipsaHo PYKY tf DJietJe AH,npiEai BopaTHHCbKOM}' rep6a «KoptiaK».

'DopamuH·

fforo ni,n.xonHJIH .npa6H i Bi)lHeCJIH .u.o rn6opy. BiH o,zzyJKaB, Me noMep noriM

C&l(pto

HiJUHA

J06·

y BiJibHi. npo HbOrO Ka.JKYTb, ~0 BiB Mir O,lJ.}'lf<aTH, a6H riJibKH aaxoTiB 3Jia· i8Hympitwua

369

KHMrA II MaTU nipy CBOiM .Apy)f(UHi, ane BiH BOJiiB llOMepTH, Hi)f( l..{e sqHHUTH, xoqa J:ioro .ZJ.O 1..\hOro HaMOBJIHJIU JiiKapi. Horo TiJIO Bi.ZJ.Bi3 )1.0 nepeMUWJIH lloro 6paT IsaH fiopaTUHCbKMM, i BiH 6ys noxosaHHH y 1..\epKBi cs. IoaHHa. iloTiM (lsaH) nocnimMB ,li.O BiMCbKa, .HKe He BMMaHMJIO MOCKBY .AO 6010, TOMy, CllJIIOH.ZJ.pysaBWM BOJIOCTi, Ha6paBlliM llOJIOHeHMX Ta 3.ZJ.06Mqi, BOHO nosepHYJIOC.H .ZJ.O JluTBM. Ane BopaTMHCbKMM 3 fawTOJib.ZJ.OM TaM 3aJIMIDMJIMCSI. 'Eopamux-

iloTiM poKY 1518 nicJI.H si,uxo.uy HamMx MOCKBa, He 3BOJiiKaiOqM, o6nocnpafmuit )f(MJia noJIOI..\bKHi13aMoK. lsaH BopaTMHCbKMH CTO.HB 3 500 KiHHOTM Ha 1..\bOma eHep· MY 6ol..{i ,ll.siHM. KoJ111 niH .ZJ.OBi,D.aac.R npo aopora, TO ai,upa3y BHpiwMB noziuuuii cnimMTH caoiM Ha ,AonoMory, I I (c. 90) a KOJIM myKaB 6po.uy • .HKMM Mir 611 nepeHTM, .HBMBC.H i:foMy .HKHMCb naxonoK y 6inux waTax Ha 6inoMy KoHi

Cbl(pU, MY'*C

i KpMKHfB: «Ty.ZJ.M i.ZJ.bTe sci Ja MHOIO!» BiH caM nepun1M cKoqMa .ZJ.O BO.ZJ.M, nepenJIMB Ha .ZJ.pyrMH 6iK i TaM, Ha 6epe3i, o.upa3y 3HMK. Ka)f(fTb, mo l..{e 6ys cs. Ka3HMMp, KOTpHi1 6araTo iHwMx qy.Aec i Tenep y BiJibHi, .HK nHWfTh, qMHMTb. EaqaqM l..{e qy.ZJ.o, .6opaTHHCbKHH .ZJ.y)f(e 3.ZJ.Msysaac.H i, ,nyMaJOtJM, mo J:ioMy CaM Bor qepe3 cnoro aHrena noKa3yE WJI.HX ,n:o aopora, cKoqMs 3i BciMa CBOIMH Ha KOH.HX .U.O pi'l.JKM, nepenpaBHBC.H i HeCllO.ZJ.iBaHO B.U.apHB Ha MOCKBY, RKf 3acTas He roTOBOIO .ZJ.O 6HTBH. BiH JierKo 3JiaMas II onip, a ~e niH HaKa3aB csoiM cypMa'l.JaM, KOTpHx 3a.JIHWMB y Ta6opi Ha iHwoMy 60I..{i piKM, ll{06 BOHM, KOJIH BiH B.ZJ.apMTb, 3acypMMJIM, a Bci, XTO 6ys y Ta6opi, ~ocHJIM KPM'l.Ja.JIH. KoJIH BOHM TaK B'liMHMJIM, TO MOCKBa, .u.yMaiO'l.JH, I..QO if.u.e 6iJibWe llOJibCbKOrO BiMCbKa, nOqaJia TiKaTM, a Hawi, .ZJ.aJieKO rOH.HqJ1 il, rpoMMJIM. Oco6JIMBO )I( npH,nanocb, mo fawTOJih,n, SIKMH CTORB TaM 3 niBTOpH TMC.H'l.JaMM KiHHOTM, CBO€qacHO npHHWOB CBOIM Ha .ZJ.OllOMory. 0TaK 3aa,n.HKM IeaHy EopaTMHCbKOMY TiJibKH ,nsi TMc.Hqi HawHx po3rpOMMJIM ClM TMC.Hq MOCKBM. 91Tamapu poJ6umi

lJ:boro )K poKy B MiC.HI..{i )KOBTHi TaTapH, RKi nparHyJIM llOMCTMTHC.H 3a cso10 nopa3Ky, TpoxM si.u.noqMJIH ni,n YopHHM nicoM i n,nepJIHC.H Ha BoJIMHb. KocTRHTMH s611s lx .u.o socbMHCOT, a qepKaCbKMM CTapocTa OcTa-

cpi:M - TpHcTa. pa].tu

1519 neJIMKHM KHR3h MOCKOBCbKHM Baci1Jib, no6paTaBwMcb i3 nepeKOllCbKHM XaHOM i CHJibHO MOrO .U.O ce6e npMaepHyBWM ynOMMHKaMM,

no~

si.ZJ.npaBHS i:foro i3 40 THCRt.IaMH siikhKa BOIOBaTH pychKi 3eMni; caM :>Ke Mas

9Yfocl(j}a

J mama-

PoKy

n.u.epTHCR .u.o JlMTBH 3 .ZJ.pyroro 6oKy. To.u.i TaTapH y JIMnHi MicRr.d, .ZJ.iiO'l.JH He3BHqHo, qepe3 BoJIHHb, npoi1lllJIM pychKi 3eMJii a)K .ZJ.O Byry; nepei1wn11 Eyr

i cnycTolllysanH sorHeM i Met.IeM JlhsinchKe, Een3hKe, Jli06JiiHCbKe noeso.AcTna, 3a6pan11 neJIMKY KiJibKiCTb npocTMX JIIO.U.ei1. DpoTH HHX Harni )I<OBHipH nOJIRKH SHCTfllHJIM 3 pycbKOIO IllJIHXTOIO, .ZJ.O RKHX np116yn i KocT.HHTMH (0cTp03hKHi1) Ji cnoiMH JJIO).J,bMM. To.Ai Hauii Ha3.u.orHaJIH TaTapcbKi aii:fcbKa, KoTpi i:fwnM HaJa.u. i rHaJIH nepe.u. co6o10 seJIMKY Macy JIIO.ZJ.ei1 i xy.A06H, BKPHJIM co6o10 sci non.H, RK capaHa. KonM 1..\i TaTapcbKi sii1chKa no6at.IHB KHR3b KocT.HHTMH, TO cnoY:aTKyTpoxM crpHBO:>KMBCH, 6oRt.IMCb BTpaTMTH /l.apeMHO CBOIX JliO/l,eH, .SIKil\0 llOY:HeThC.H 6HTBa iJ He3piBH.HHHO 6iJihlllMM SOpO:>KHM BiHCbKOM; Hamoro :>K BCbOrO siiicbKa He 6yJIO 6iJibllle

5 THC.SIY:, a TaTap- .u.o 80 TMCR'l.J. To.u.i siH nopa,u.11n poTMicTpaM Ta lxHiM Tosa-

370

KHHrA II puwaM, 11.{06 BOHH CTaJIH Kpame ,L{eCb Mi)J( BO,L{aMH , ,L{e t.tepe3 TiCH.SIBY Jierwe 6yJIO 6 6HTHCSi npOTII BOpora i sopor 611 3 HHMH He 3Mir 3aB'Si3aTI1 6HTBY Ha lllHpOKOMy llOJii. 51K611 TaK He B,L{a.TIOCSI 3p06HTI1, TO 11.{06 He nepenpasJISIJIHCSJ t.tepe3 E yr, a '4CKa.nH, .n.mm SJKacb

(c.

91)

t.tacTHHa TaTap nepe-

npasHTbCSI, i TO.ZJ;i 3 HeiO, a He 3 yci€10 TaTapCbKOIO CHJIOIO, 3iMWJIHCSI y 6HTBi. l.J,10 nopa.u.y KocTSIHTHHa cxaa.niOBa.JIH .n.eRKi o6epe)J(Hiwi, a.ne MOJIO.L{llli Ta He.L{OCBi,L{t.JeHi, KOTpi 3BHl.JaHHO 6ynai0Tb 3alla.JibHilliHMH, CTaJIH BHMOBJISITH 3a ~e reTbMaHosi, 3BHH)'Bat.tyiOt.tH if oro y 6oSiry3TBi Ta 3a3.ZJ.pomax, mo Hi6HTO aiH He xoTiB 3H't.IHTH noJISIKaM cJiaBH nepeMO)J(I..ds. KocTSIHTHH nponyCTHB ~e noa3 syxa i npocHB, 6Jiara.nbHO cKJiaBlliH PYKH, mo6 TiJibKH .n.o paHKY llOl.JeKaJIH 3 6HTBOIO, SIKll.{O B)J(e He MO)J(e 6yTH iHaKllle, 60 ll.{OrO,L{HHH BiH t.JeKaB npHXO.ZJ.Y ,L{OllOMOrH 3 JlHTBH Ta 3 flo.L{iJIJISI. A.Jr.e MOJIO)I.b He XOTiJia npo ~e if cJiyxaTH, JIMJia reTbMaHa. Po3rHisaBlliHCb, KocTSIHTHH cis Ha KOHSI,

a noTiM nepllli noJibCbKi 3aroHH cTa.nH nepenpaBJISITHCH t.tepe3 Eyr, Ha Ta-

'Eum6a J mamapa.Mu

6w Col(a.AA

Tap, SIKi B)J(e 6yJIH, BBIDKa.H, roTOBHMH .n;o 6010. Ha JiiBoMy 6o~i piKH 6yJio 3rapHUle MiCTe't.IKa, SIKe CllaJIHJIH TaTapH, i TaM Hawi BHXO,ll.HJIH Ha 6eper. OcKiJibKH )J( BOHH He 3HaJIH npo .n;oJIH Ta 6aJIKH, TO no"tJaJIH s x o.n;HTH

.n.o

niJJ..sa.nis (HH3HH), a TaTapH, SIKi CTOMH sropi Ha 6e3ne't.IHOM}' Mic~i. CTPiJISIJIH 3 JIYKiB no HHX TallO IXHiX KOHSIX; llOJISIKH )J( t.tepe3 3aropO)J(i, napKaHH Ta pi3Hi nepeiiiKOll.H He MOrJIH TaTap JJ..iCTaTH Hi pyKOIO, Hi CTpiJiaM:H. flo6a't.IHBIIIH Qe, KocTSIHTHH s.n;ap11s Ha TaTap Ha iHIIIOM}' MicQi, a IIOJISIKH CSIKTaK 3 THX HI13HH Ha Jiiniiie Mic~e BH6pa.JI11Cb i 3aB 'H3a.JIH 3 TaTapaM:H )J(OpCTOKY 6HTBy. l.JHMaJIO IIOJISirJIO BOSIKiB 3 o6ox 6oKiB, i XO't.la BHaCJiiJJ..OK CJia6KOI 036pO€HOCTi TaTap llOJISirJIO 6iJibiiie, OJJ..HaK QbOrO He 6yJio BHll.HO t.tepe3 BeJI:HK}' KiJibKicTb TaTapcbKOro siiicbKa. DHTBa npoxo.n.HJia Ha 30paHiii piJIJii, SIKa 6yJia nopyweHa KiHhMH, qepe3 mo niJJ..HSIJiacSI TaKa KYPHBa, mo Haiiii MaH)J(e Hi't.loro He 6a'4HJIH. Tiicm1 ~boro noTpoxy o6JISirJIH HalliHX, 6'10'4HCb y ~eHTpi. KocTSIHTHH KpH't.laB, 3aKJIHKaB, niJJ..HiMai0'4H .ZJ.YX SIK noJISIKaM, TaK

i BOJIHH11HaM, a.ne spewTi CHJIH y HaiiiHX BH'4epnaJIHCSI. KocTHHTHH,

Map~iH KaM'HHeQhKHH, no.n.iJibCbKHH soeso.n.a, CTaHicJias faJIHQhKHH,

KopoHHHH MaplllaJIOK, 6a'4a'4H, w:o TaTapH nepeMorJIH, BUCTYllHJIH

.n.o Co-

Ka.JibChKoro 3aMK}', 36epiraiO't.IH ce6e HaJiiniiiHH ll.JlH Peqi TiocnoJIHTOi qac. TaTap noJIHrJio

4000,

a noJIHKiB Ta JIHTBH-

1200.

U.s~ nopa3Ka cTaJiacg

2 cepnH11, a ri npH'4HHOIO 6yJia BnepTiCTb MOJIO,L{HX JIIOJJ..eif, Te, ~0 BOHH He CJiyXaJIH CTapiiiHX. <l>piJJ..pix fep6ypT Mir BTeKTH, OJJ..HaK 6ys JIIOJJ..HHOIO BeJIHKOI MYJKHOCTi; no6a'4HBIIIH 3aHena,u. HaiiiHX, BiH HiCKiJibKH He CTpHBQ){QfBC11

He 3BIDKai0'4H Ha 3arpo3y cMepTi, cKa3as: «He .n.aif, oo)Ke, mo6 11 He

noJiir 6iJIH Moix MHJIHX 6paTiBI» To.n.i siH 3 BJiacHoro 6a*aHH11 3i cnHcoM w:o.zcyxy noM'tlaB KOHeM Ha soporis i, 11K pHMCbKHli

Kypyiu (Curtius), spaaHB

KiJibKOX, a nOTiM B3RBCH 3a 11Ia6JIIO i py6aBCR 3 HHMH TaK JJ..OBrO, JJ..OKH 6yJio

Y ~iif )Ke 6HTBi aarHHYB MOJIOJJ..eHbKHH reTbMaHCbKHH CHH MHKOJiaH <l>ipJieH. 0TaK TaTapH, XO'tJ i He Bci, CHJI; TaM )Ke BiH i 6yB nopy6aHHH TaTapaMH. BTeKJIH ai 3JJ..06H'tl'410. THM tJaCOM npHHIIIJia KOpDJIIO HOBHHa 3 JlHTBH, 1.1.1;0 50 THCRq MOCKOBHTiB B3JJ..OWK i snonepeK TaK CHJibHO cnycTOlllHJIH JIHTOBCbK}' ,zr,ep)Kasy,

371

(c.

92)

Hawi Ja· JHMU n O·

paJI(Jl6iJ mamap

KHHrA II ~o TiJihKH 3a ~BaHa~USITh MHJih ai~ BiJihHa noaepHyJiu Ha3a~. Ane JIH-

9J[we6ix-

'"I\Jlii pOJ6u8 mamap CmpyCA 66umo

1lapoiJu6CA ~lkycm

!lTtpO(JJn· CbiQliJ {l(aK)

niUI(ppu6 nozaii~i6

'llf.Juzl{emCbl(! npa6o HDM~K

!JTepti(!Jnct>IQlii (l{an}

niUI(ppu6 I@)QKCI>IQll(

(mamap) 'BiH :Nee nonJIIOHiJpy-

8a6 9tfoci(/Jy

TOBCbKi naHH 3 HeMa.JIHM BiMCbKOM Ha3~0fHa.JIH MOCKBY i llOTf)f(HO ii po3· rpOMHJIH, 3Ha1.1HY tJaCTHHf 3~06H'li Bi~H.HJIH, tJHM KOpOJib 6ya HeMa.JIO BTi· meHHM. PoKY 1520 ~Bi THCSI'I.Ji TaTap B~epJIHCSI ~0 no.u.iJIJISI, ane ix M)"KHbO po3· rpoMHB poTMicTp Tme6iHCbKHM. KoJIH )f( TO~i Hawi rHanH TaTap, TO HHMH 6ya y6HTHM tpetJHHH IOHaK CTpycb. Qhoro )f( poKY 1 cepnH.H Hapo.u.uac.H CHri3MYH.U. AarycT. ll;boro )f( poKY nepeKoncbKHH xaH ni.u.Kopua Horai:icbKHX TaTap i noHaA 40 THCSI'I (IX) npHBiB .U.O flepeKOna Ha ,llHinpo. Qhoro JK poKY 6yJia npHHH.HTa yxsana, w.o6 MichKHH cy.u. 6e3 rpo,D.cbKO· fO ypsmy He 3acy.U.)KyBaB Ha CMepTb )KO,lJ.HOfO IllJISIXTH'la, HaBiTb SIKllJ,O TOfO 6yJIO 6 CXOnJieHO Ha rapSI'IOMf; SIK6H UIO yxBaJIY 6YJIO nopymeHO, TO 6ypMiCTpa i ~BOX paJ':t:nia Tpe6a 6yJio CTpaTHTH. PoKy 1521 MaxMeT-fipe:H, nepeKonchKHH xaH, 3.U.OnoMororo HoraiiCbKHX TaTap nepeMIDOB 1.1epe3 BoJiry 3 BeJIHKOIO noTyroiO, B3SIB y MOCKOBHTa roJIOBHe MicTo Ka3aHb i ni.u.Kopus co6i Ka3aHChKHX TaTap. KoJI11 )K MOCKOBCbKHH KH.H3b XOTiB 3a ne llOMCTMTHCSI, TO nepeKOflCbKHH XaH, 3aB3.HBIIIMCb Ha HbOrO, BHnepe,D.HB HOfO i 3 80 TMCSI'laMM BiHCbKa Hanas Ha :Horo 3eMJIIO. TaM siH, nepeiimoBI.IIM piKy 0Ky, i niO ~o6pe 3aceJieHy ""t.JaCTHHY HOfO 3eMJii .U.y)Ke IIIBH)J.KO norpa6yaaB Ta cnyCTOillHB i CTaB 3a ,lJ.Bi MHJii ni.u. CTOJIM"'I.IHHM MiCTOM MocKnoro. XaH tJeKaB, .ll"(O i1oMy .u.a.u.yTb 6HTBY, aJie He ~o'l.leKascSI i 3 seJIMKOIO KiJibKiCTIO noJioHeHHX, KOTpMx HaJiiqyaanocSI 300 TMC.H"', si.u.i:Hmos, nociKmM .u.iTe:H Ta cTapHx mo.u.eii, i npo.u.anas peiiiTY noJioHeHMX ni3Hiiiie y Ka<f>i Ha siqHy HesoJIIO .u.o Ty-

pe'I"'MHH. PoKY 1522 BacMJib ai.u.npaBMB caolx nocJiis .u.o BiJibHa, .u.o Kopomr CHCbl(u.M ri3M}'H.u.a, npoc.H:qM nepeMHp'R Ha n'RTb poKin, w.o 6y;w HOM)' .U.03BOJieHo. (I(H.JLJe.M) PoKy 1523 Hapo.u.uJiacSI noJibCbKa KopoJiesa AHHa, 1.\.H cTapa naHi, asa!Jiapoou;uu.R )Ka:H, CBSITa. ~una, cmapa !JTepe.MupR J MOCI(p0·

1\9POile8a 3nauiJeno

Cl(ap6

y KPal(j8cbi(9.M.y 1(9Mziy.Mi 3aiJOIIJbJQ mamapu

pog6u11u nept1(9nCb· l(pZO ;t;!JIIQ

ll;boro )K poKy B KpaKoBi KOJieriaTM, JiaMaJOqH MYP y KOJieriyMi, 3Ha· HIIIJIH y Mi)J.HiM KOHOBI.d CKap6, .u.e 6yJIM CaMi nepcHi Ta aeJIMKi nOpTffaJibCbKi 30JioTi. AJie To:H qoJIOBiK, .HKHH ne 3Hai1mos, B3SIB co6i qacTuHy, nepm Hi)l( po3nOBIB npo ne. Uboro )K poKy HanecHi nepeKonchKMH nap MaxMeT·fipei1: BMCTfDMB 3 BeJU1KMM BiHCbKOM, nparHy"'H ni)J.KOpHTM co6i 3aBOJI3bKHX TaTap, aJie BOHM nopo3yMiJIMCSI 3 iHmMMH TaTapaMI1, RKi )I(HJII1 me JI.aJii, Ha.u. MopeM BpMTaHChKHM (brytanskim) Ta KacniiichKMM. 3aainmH i:foro y TiCHHHy, .u.e BoJIra sna,l(a€ ,l(O Kacni:HcbKoro Mop.H:, BOHM ,l(a.JIM iioMy 6HTBy, po36HJIH op.u.u i

caMoro s6MJIM. llicJISI 1.\bOro qepKaCbKMii cTapocTa 0cTa<Pii1, nKHH 3a piK nepe,l( QHM noTpanMB y noJioH ni,l( qac 6HTBH 3 TaTapaMH, I I (c. 93) BTiK 3 llepeKona i noaepHyncn .u.o l..!epKac. 'l!Typl(u TypKH Te)K, He 6a)l(aiO"'H CM.U.iTM 6e3 J1.iJia, B3RJII1 MiQHHH 3aMoK Caep11H IJp11u JQJ.!OI( CtJepuu

(Sweryn) Ha JiiooMy 6oni ,ll.yna1o y Banacbid~i 3CMJii, Ha KOp):(oHi 3 yropLVIMH 11 CeMHropo.u,cbKOio 3eMJieiO. Y TaTapcuKin 3eMJii Ha Micni MaxMeT-fipe.H

372

KHI1r A II 3 BOlli rypeubKoro C)'JITaHa 6yJio noca,n,.>KeHo Caa.n.a~ripe11 (Sedetkierej). U.ei1 -ryr )f(e o¢ipynaa i3 npH113HIO KopoJieRi Cl1ri3M)'HJI.Y cao10 roTOBHiCTb nHcrynHTJi npon1 KO)KHOro nopora, OJI.HaK Kopo.JJb, npm1MaiOt.~H u;IO np11R3Hb, He .D.O KiHUSI )l.OBipsm HOM)', 60 TO HenenHi JIIO.D,M. Pol<)' 1524 o.n.pa3y )f( HaaecHi 12 Tl1CSI'1 rypKia, Mi)f( 11KI1MH 6yno t.~OTH pH THCSI"'i 6iJirOpOJI.CbKI1X TaTap Ta iHIIJMX, Hamum Ha flo,z:{iJIJISI. BOHM cnaJlliJil-i 6araTo ci.11 i MicTet.~oK. Mi)f( iHIIJMMI1 cnan11JIH i1 3iHhKis (Zynkow),

CaaiJam.!fipei1,

nepel@n· Clll(!lU ~H

?Hypl(u

Ha <JToiJiA11i

MicTet.~Ko CTaHicnasa O.n.poBOH)f(a, aJJe 3aMOK HaiiJi o6opoH11JIM. ,l(icTasa-

Jll1 i1 KpacHJIOBa, a.ne TaM iM .D.aJJl-i HenoraHy ni.n.cit.~. Koponb po3iCJias siui IIJJijiXTi, aJJe BOHH He MOfJlli TaK IIIBH)J.KO 6)'TH HanOfOTOBi, TOM)' npOTH BOpora BMCT}'llHJIM TiJibKH HaHMaHi BOSIKH Ta naHOBe 3i CBOIMH .D,BOpaMH. 3a HHMH BHCT)'llMJIH reThMaH MMKOJiaJ.i <l>ipJiei1, rpacp11 3 TeH"'HHa, TapHOBa, Bl-iiiiHit.~a, TaKO)f( cTapocTH 3i Jlhnosa, K aM'.HHun, EycbKa Ta iHwMx 3aMKis. Yci naJIKO nparHyJIM 611TBI1, aJJe TYPKM, not.~ynwl-i npo ue, si.n.cTynHJil-i ni.n. HMX i npHHWJIM ni.n. PoraTl-iH. Ko1111 )f( IM He xoTiJIM BM.D,aTM 3 MicTa rypKa-a'.SI3HSI, BOHI1 CTaJIM .n.o6ynaTI1 MicTe"'Ka. Mi~aHI1, 6aqaq11, ~o T)'pKH npoJIOMJIIOIOTb napKaHM, BTeKJIM .D.O )'KpinJieHOI ~epKBH, 3 .SIKOI, M}')l<HbO 6opoHSil.{I1Ch*, I I (c. 94) )laJJM ni.n. KepiBHHUTBOM CeH.SIBCbK11X noT}')I(HY si.n.ciq rypKaM. O.n.HH rypeubKHH KiHHOTHMK BMixaa TaM Ha repub i BHMaHIOBaB Haun1x. IlpoTM rypKa BHixaa MHKOJiai1 3aMOHChKI1M i a6ua Horo. ,l(e.s~Ki )f(, pywHBIIIH nonepe.n.y niJ.ichKa 3 JIHOM TapHOBCbKHM, 3acKo-

9JTypiQJ

niUPoza. muHOM

!MyxHicmb !Mu'l(fJJlo.R 3a.JoWiJa,l{gUJ

'lHJIH rype~hKMH aariH ni.n. .n.i6poamo noHa.n. 6oJIOTaMH. Po3rpoMMBillH H"oro, Haiiii poTMicTpH rpoMMJil-i iHIIJi T)'PeJJ;bKi noJIKH Ha.n. ,l(HicTpoM. 3anJl..SIKH UbOM)' 6yJIO npHBe.D,eHO HeMaJIO rypeUbi(HX llOJIOHeHMX, KOTpHX 3aK)'Ba.JIH B KaM)J.aHH. 3pa3y )K niCJISI T)'pKiB npH6)'JIO 40 THC.SI'l TaTap, JIKi nepenpaBHJIHC.SI qepe3 ,l(Hinpo. BoHu TaKO)f( 'lHHHJIH IIIKO.D.H, naJIHJIH, 6pan11 (3.n.o6H'l), npoHIIIJIH JihBiBChKi nepe.n.MicT.SI i CTaJIH KOIIIeM 6iJISI MocTHChKa. TaM eTas 3 BiHchKOM ACJiaM-COJITaH, .n.soiOpi.ZJ.HHH 6paT nepeKoncbKOro xaHa, i nycTHB y 3afOHH 30 THCJI'l TaTap. BoHH 3anO)J.iJIJJH BeJIHKi IIIKO)J.H B pi3HHX CTOpoHax, nonaJIHJJH cena ii MicTe'1Ka, 3a6paJIH 6araThOX JIIO,ZJ.ei1. lli.u. aaMKOM

91Tamapu 6W. }'[I1Jo6a

CepeiJ mamap ~y'WM·

IlpyxHiKoM ix TpoxH norpoMMJIH i To.n.i 3HaHIIIJIH cepe.u. HHX *iHoK, KoTpi, 8iw.My oiJJJJi llOfOJIHBIDH C06i fOJIOBH, CH.D,iJIH Ha KOHRX y l.J:OJIOBil.J:OM}' B6paHHi HK l.J:OJIOBiKH; TaKO)K l.J:HMaJIO TaTap nopy6aJIH KOCaMH CeJIJIHH. . Koponb Cnri3M)'l-I..D., nOl.I)'BIIIH npo TaTap y Pyci, HaKa3aB BHCT)'IlHTH npoTH HHX wJI.SixTi Manoi IloJihll.\i, a caM nocnilliHB .no Ca~OMHpa. TaTa-

P" JK,

noqyBIIIH, l.llO npoTH HHX BHCT)'llHB Koponb, nol.laJIH ai.u.cTynaTH. ,l(e.s~Ki Hallli crapocTH i1 poTMicTpn, Ha3.u.oraH.SIIOttH ix, 6iJibWicTh ia HHX poarpoMHJIH i Bi,n6HJIH )' HHX l.J:HMaJIO B' H3HiB. ,l(oBrO llOTiM TaTapH He 6ysa.n:H B pycbKHX KpaHx, i aaB,ZJ.JIKH UhOM}' HaniscnycTomeHi pycbKi Kpai 6ynu .u.o· 6pe Bi.u.6y.nosaHi i1 aaceneHi. Qt,oro"' poK)' 1)1>KH noCJiaJIH 3a,zvLH nepeMHp'H csoix noCJiiB .u.o yropcbKoro i tteCbKOro KOpOJIJI Jho,ZJ.OBiKa. KopOJih CHri3M}'H.U. BiB uoro )1.0 TOro, • ){HB. i.r.tcHTH'IHHA MaJJJOHOK y KH.

I (c. 152 opuriHaJly).

373

KHHfA II ~toplli

nozophqj· JOmb

rur·

.Mup Jz.M

siH yiUiaB MHP i3 TYPKOM, SIKHH iioMy o<Jlipysas caM >Ke rypoK. A.Jre yropu.i 6yJIH TaK 3aCJii11.11eHi, Il(O He TiJibKH DOrOp.li.HJIH MHpOM Bi.ll. rypKa, 11.{06

TaKoro MoryrHboro cyci.na, BOJIO.LI.apSI fpe~ii, Aaii, Cupii, €runry Ta Apasii, a me VI nosi.Api3anu HOCH u syxa uoro noCJiaM i TaK si.nnpasrui:H ix .no iXHboro naHa. J],osi.naslllHCb npo u.e, Koponb Curi3M}'H.ll. He cxsanus lJ.bOro B"'HHKY yropu.is. JliO.li.OBiK pa.nu:H 6ys 6H noCJiyxaTH Curi3MYH.na, aJie nepe.LI. oqnMa HemaCTSI, SIKe 36HpaJIOCSI Ha HHX, )J.aB ce6e BBeCTH B OMaRY yropU.SIM. OcTaHHi >K naJIKO BMOBJI.HJIH :Horo )l.aTH 6HTBY rypKy, nocHJiaiO'lHCb Ha qacu KoponSI MaTiama, SIKHH BOIOBaB O.lJ.HO'laCHO i 3 rypKaMH, i 3 xpucTHSIHChKHM

iMnepaTOpOM, i 3 BeHeu.iaHU.SIMH, .li.OBiBlllH MOryTHicTh yropCbKOfO KOpOJiiBCTBa. To.LI.i rypel.\bKHH cynTaH Cynei1:MaH, no6a"'HBiliH, 11.{0 yropl.\i norop.li.>K}'IOTh nepeMHp 'SIM, i 6y.lJ.Y"'M .zzy>KC o6pa>KeHHM qepe3 HaCHJibCTBO Ta KaJiii.\']J[yp01( D)JZO TBO, 3ano,niSIHi M:oro nocnaM, npnrorysas seJIHKY noryry npoTH Yrop~HHH. 'Bapa:HCiJuH i'BiJwu( MaiO'lH CTO THCSI'l siM:cbKa, siH npHM:mos )1.0 Yrop~HHH Ha piey Casy, I I (c. 95) nOBOJii qepe3 Hei nepenpaBHBCSI, CTaB 6paTH 3aMO'lKH Ta MiCTe'lKa, 3axonHB cno'laTKY MOryTHiu 3aMOK Bapa>K.D.HH noHa,n J],yHaEM, a noTiM i MicTe'lKO BiJIJISIK, .n.e ne>KaTb Mo~i ca. RHa KanicTpaHa. lloTiM siH 3i csoiMH BiHCbKaMH nepeHliiOB piKY Jl,pasy i CTaB Ta6opoM n~ MicTOM MoxaqeM, SIKe CTOITb Ha.D. J],yHaEM. BiH nocTaBHB rapMaTH y TPH pH.li.H i 3 yciMa CHJiaMH t.BiUcbl(p qeKaB Ha yropCbKOfO KOpOJISI JliO.li.OBiKa. JIIO)I.OBiK, no6aqHBliiH, ll.\0 .ZJ.iETbCSI, Ybooo6il(fl, !JlOpCbl(pZQ BHcrynHB i3 KiJibKOMa THCSI'laMH BiHCbKa 3 DY.ZJ.H. lloTiM npHHliiJIO )J.O HbOI(JJpO.!Ul ro TPH THCSil.li KiHHoro Ta niworo sii1:cbKa si.u. ascTpii1chKOro epl.\repl.\ora <l>ep,n:HHaH,n:a, cecTpa SIKoro MapiSI 6yna .n:py>KHHOIO KopoJIH JIIO.n:osiKa. llp116ys HOMY Ha.n.onoMory 3 nisTopH THCSil.laMH noJibCbKoro sii1:cbKa non.HK JleHapT fHOIHCbKHH. llp116ynanu 3i csoiMH noqTaMH i yropcbKi naHoBe, o.nHaK He TaK liiBH.li.KO, .HK TOfO XOTiB K0p011b JIIO,Z:(OBiK i .HK BHMaraJia caMa cnpasa. KonH >K niH np116yn ni.n; Moxaq, TO Mas ne.n:se 30 THC.H'l nii1:cbKa. 'Eum6a

mypl(a.MU

A TYPel.\bKoro si'HcbKa 6yno 300 THcRq. TaM >Ke BOHH CTaJIH o,n:HH npoTH .n;pyroro. Cynei1:MaH HaKa3aB si,n;KpHTH no yropl.\RX TaKHH no'ry)KHHH sorOHb, ~o o,n;pa3y, BBa>Kai1:, BCR yropcbKa nixoTa 6yna npa>KeHa (KYJIRMH Ta R.n;paMH) i po36HTa. Konu >K HacrynaJia yropcbKa KiHHOTa, To TaK MY>KHbO noqaJia 6HTHC.H 3 rypKaMH, mo poarpoMHJia neprui aaroHH i ,z:r,ii1:mna a11< ,z:r,o RHHqap, i 6HJIHCSI BOHH B:>Ke nepe,z:r, O'lHMa caMoro cyJITaHa CyneiiMaHa. Eaqaqu u.e, CyJieiiMaH HaKa3as no.naTH msH,n:Koro KOHR i B>Ke ocb-OCh Mas TiKaTH. THM qacoM niH HaKa3aB 3Hony ni,z:r,KpHTH nory)KHHH noroHh, He maHyiO'lM Hi cnoix, Hi qy>KHX. Konu >K po3noqaJiac51 UR cTpiJIRHHHa *, I I (c. 96) nasH . .. . yropl..\18 CTa.JIH 3M1IllyBaTHCb 1 psaTHCb, l.IHMaJIO IX TO.ll.1 JI.HrJIO TpynoM; .li.O TOfO )I( BOHH Hi,D.e He 6al.IHJIH KOpOJISI, KOTpHH ni)J. qac 6HTBH 6ys y cepe,nHbOMy aaroHi. KoJIH >K yropl.\i no6a'lHJIH no3a.n ce6e, I.l.(O naJiae ixHiH Ta6ip, TO no,n;yMa.nH, mo rypKn OTOl.IHJIH ix 3Bi.n.ycinh, i KHHYJJHC.H TiKaTH XTO Ky,n;M. BoHH no6irJIH ,n;noMa WJJSIXaMH: O)J.Hi- ,n;o rip, ,n;pyri- .n:o Jl,yHaiO, KopoTmoro, aJJe He6e3De'lHiliiOIO .li.OporOIO. Jl,o Jl,yHaiO TiKaB i KOpOJJb JliO,LJ;OBiK, TaM i

'Yzopc&I(JJzo 1\PpOIIJl

86umo

aarpyaHyB i3 KOHeM B o,n;HiH 6onoTHCTiH HH3HHi. TaM )Ke noMi:>K TpynaMH i

* ,l(Mn. iACHTI11.IHI1H MaJIIOHOK y KH . I (c. 155 opuriH~VIy).

374

KHMrA II 3Hai1wnH i:ioro, B)l(e MepTnoro. To,11.i ,11.y)l(e 6araTo yropu:in 3anmyno He TiJihKM Ha llOJli 6010, a.Jie Ji BTOllHJlOCb, 6yJIO CTOnTaHO KiHbMM, B T. '-!. )l.Ba apxi€llHCKOIIH, n'.HTb €llMCKOlliB, 3Ha'1HMX JIIO)l.eH. fpacpis )l(e i 3Ha'IHMX naHiB (freiher6w) 3antHyJio 6araTo, MaJIO XTO 3 HHX yriK. T aM )l(e 6yno 3apy6aHo i fHOIHCbKoro, 1ioro 3Hai1wnH cso'i i1: noxonan11. CynTaH CyJieHMaH po36MB )l.O~eHTY I<OpOJIH JltO)l.OBiKa 3 DiikhKOM, i , HK I<aJI<yTb, DiH i CaM lliKO)l.ysas 11epe3 TaKMH 3aHena)l. yrop~iB. flOTiM BiH 3i CBOIM BiHCbKOM np11timos ,11.0 Ey)l.M. MicTo 6yno cnaneHe , a 3aMoK, npel<pacHo yKpinJieHMH Ta 03)l.06HHH, HeB)l.OB3i 6ys ni)l.)l.aHMH i1oMy HiM~RMM, KoTpHx TaM 6yno siciMCOT. HiMuin BMnycTMJIM 3 o.n.Horo 6oKy ( 3aMKy), a 3 .n.pyroro 6oK}' BOHM 6yJIM nepe6MTi rypKaMH3 Ey,11.H. TypoK nosepHync.st ,11.0 Anb6H, nocTaBMB TaKO)I( enol r apHi30HM y Bap(l)l<)l.HHi Ta iHmMx 3aMKax, nicn.st q o ro 3 TpiyM<}_JOM nosepHyscH .n.o KoHcTaHTMHonoJI.st. Yropui )I( 3HatimJIH TiJio cnoro naHa i 3 s eJIMKMM nJia'tleM noxonaJIM tforo y DEJirpa.n.i , .n.e xonatOTb yropcbKMX KOpoJiis. floTiM ascTpitichKMH ep~repuor <l>ep)l.HHaH)l. 6ys o6paHMH i KopoHosaHuti KoponeM qecbKMM i yropcbKMM. IJ,eii noTiM 3BiJibHHB E y,11.y i ,11.y)Ke )l.OnoMaras yropQHM*, I I (c. 97) ane see ue po3ip sana u earo,11.a 3 i1:oro 6paTOM .H.HomeM, Ha )l.onoMory .stKoMy rypeQbKMM cynTaH CyJieiiMaH 3 200 TMCH'laMu siticbKa npu:Hmos ,11.0 Yrop~HHM npoTM <l>ep,11.HHaH)l.a, surHaB 3 Ey,11.u HiM~is i si)l.)l.as ii KoponiO RHo my. lloTiM BiH pywus ,11.0 Bi)l.HR i1 o6no- !JJ[ypelji>I\FU CyJITTUlH )KMB HOrO Ha 3eMJii H Ha BO)l.i ; CilaJIMB MOCTM Ha ,nyHai , BKpHB CBOIMM BHCbKa- nw 'Biihu.M MH sci nonR .nosKOJia Bi)l.HH. Y Bi.n.Hi 6yJio n 'HTHa)l.~.stTb THCR'l HiMeQbKoro siiicbKa, KoTpi <l>ep,11.nHaH)l. noCJiaB JJ..O Bi)l.HH nepeJJ.. caMMM npHXO)l.OM CyneliMaHa. I see, ~o y Bi)l.eHcbKOMJ MYPi rypKaM B)l.asanocg aa )l.eHh npo6uTH, HiMQi BHO'li Bi)l.HOBJIIOBaJIM. fioTiM BOHH 3aJIHlliHJIH He3aKpHTOIO O)l.HY ,11.ipK}' B CTiHi, 6i.J:IH KOTpol 6araTO rypKiB CXOllMJIH (y naCTK}') H po36HJIM; ni)l. Bi,11.HeM 3aruayJio aJK ,11.0 80 THCR'tl rypKis. CyJieiiMaH, o6JIHWHB11IH 11IrypMH, MJCHB 3i CB0€10 HeCJiaBOIO Bi)l.C'ryllHTH )1.0 ny)l.H, a 3Bi)l.TH - )1.0 KoHCTaHTHHOIIOJJ.st. B ee ue )l.i.stJIOCR B Yrop~HHi B nepio,11. 3 15 24,11.0 1530 poKy. Ane nosepHiMOCH )1.0 cnpas KOpOHHMX i JIMTOBCbKHX. PoKY 1525 o JJ..pyri:H, TpeTiH i 'tleTsepTi:H ro)l.HHi )l.HR Ha He6i 3' HBHJIOCR n'JITb COHQb. .nsa COHQH 6i.J:IH BJiaCHe COHQ.SI, Mi )K CXO)l.OM Ta niB,nHeM, HaC'Ij'IIHi )l.Ba- )l.aJieKO Bi)l. HHX Mi)K 3axO,l(OM Ta niBHi'tJ'tJIO. JIIO)l.H B6a'tlaJIH y QbOMJ 3MiHH B YropcbKiii KopoHi Ta 6araTo iHlliHX xpucTHHHCbKHX si:HH, KOTPi (.ni:Hcao) CTaJIHCR HeB)l.OB3i. Eo QbOro )I( MiCRI.VI B ITanii <PpaHicyJbKHH KOpOJib <l>paHQHCK 6ys CXOIIJieHHH JHO'li icnaHCbKHMH Ta HiMel.{bKHMH )KOBHipaMM i KHHYTHH y B 'R3HMQIO. IToTiM, ,11.aBIIIH 3apytiHHKaMH .nsox csoix CHHiB, 6}'B BHllfmeHHH Ha BOJIIO. n ana KliHMeHT VII, IIO"tJYBlliH npo CJiaBHi 6HTBH Ta 3BHTRrH KOpOJIJI !!Tana not.na8 CHri3M}'H)l.a aa.n. noraHQJIMM, rypKaMn, TaTapaMM, MOJI)l.asaaaMH :H MOCK· CutiJM!JKay BOlO, DOCJiaB HOMJ KOWTOBHJ wanKy Ta OCBH'tleHHH Me'tJ, 6JiarOCJIOBJIHIO'tJH MniUUJnr(JI HOrO i 6a)KaiO"'H 6iJihlllHX TpiyM<Pis. llOCJia 6yno B)1.H'tJHO npHHH.SITO, Billa· aosaao, o6,11.aposaao Ta si.nnpasneHo. • .l(us. i.rteHTH'IHHH MaJIIOHOK y KH.

II (c. 52 opHriHa.ny) .

375

KHHrA II l(horo *poKy nicJis cMepTi nepeKonchKoro xaHa MaxMeT-fipes TaTapH o6paJIH Ha iioro MicQe CaT-fipes (Setkiereja), KOTpHii 6ys BHXOBaH~-tH y Type'I'II-IHi i 6ys He TaKHM )I{OpCTOKHM. AJr.e llOTiM BOHH floro 3HOBY BHrHaJIH, a 3a npas~-tTeJISI npHHHHJI~-t co6i iioro 6paTa lcJiaMa (Oslama). Alr.e rypeQbKHH cyJITaH, 3HaiO'IH MYJKHiCTb i .u,iSIJihHicTb lcJiaMa i .zzyMaiO'IH npo )I{HTTH IcnaM-COJITaHa, npH3Ha'IMB Ha QIO .nep*asy Caa.naT-fipeSl (Sedytkiereja), 6paTa CaT-fipeSl. KoJIH )I{ lcJiaM-conTaH JJ.OBi.u,asc.R npo Qe 3 JIHCTa cnoix npHHTeJiiB 3 TypeqquHu, TO BTiK ,D.O Kopomr CHri3MYH.D.a, npocSlqH qepe3 csoix nocnis, ~o6 niH ,li,03BOJIHB iioMy po3TamynaTHCb y noJIHX H~ ):{HicTpOM i3 70 THC.R'IaMM CBOIX JIIO,D.ei1: B pa3i, .RK~O rypeQbKHH cyJITaH 3i csoiMH JIIO,ll,bMH 'IHHHB 6u HOMY sopo)l{i JJ.ii. BiH nparHyB 3i cnoiMH JIIO,D.bMH HTH npoTH KOJKHoro KoponiBCbKOro nopora, HaJHBaB csoiM 6aTbKOM KoponH Curi3Mys.u.a, I I (c. 98) nparH)'B, ~o6 KopoJib CTaBHBCH .no Hboro SlK )1.0 CBOrO CHHa i MaB HOrO y CBOIH o6opOHi. llOCJiaM 6yna .U,aHa Bi,nnoBi)J.b 'J(opo.!tt> si.u, Kopon.R CMriJMyH.u,a, ~o Koponb CMri3MYHA npHHMa€ 3a CHHa xaHa npui1HJl8 JU( CUH4 IcnaM-COJITaHa i 6aJKa€ :HoMy nciJI.siKoro ~acT.si. lliKo.D.yE 3 Toro, ~o rypel.\b· mamapct>l(pZO KHH cynTaH .D.O Hboro HeJH'IJIHBHM, i .siK~o xaH JaJHaBaTHMe Bi.D. Hhoro t;ape6u'Ul SlKOicb KpHB,lJ.H, TO KOpOJib xoqe )J.03BOJII1TH XaHy 6eJneqHo MeUIKaTM y cnoi:H JeMni Ha.D. ,ll.HinpoM i no MOJKJIHBOCTi xoqe Ja,D.OBOJibHHTH iioro sciM Heo6xi,n:HHM. l(H si.u,nosi,D.h, ni.n.HeceHa IcnaM)' nocJiaMH, 6yna .D.y)l{e B.lJ..si"'HO npHHH.siTa. l(horo JK pol<}' cyJITaH, nparH}'qH MaTH i3 Ciui3M)'H.lJ.OM .u,o6py npH.siJHb i cniJihH)' n106os, yKJiaB 3 HHM Bi"'HHM MHP i Ha JHaK csoEi .u.py)I{6H, KOTPY HaJHBa€ JOJIOTOIO npHI<pacoro, np11cnan iioMy naH1:.v or iJ .n.oporol.\iHHHMH KaMiHH.R:MH Ta rep60M 30JIOTOrO arHI.\.R:. ce.AAH.Cbl(fl l(horo )K poKy s HiMe'Il{HHi noscTa.n:H ceJIHHH npoTH csoix naHiB, .siK 8iuH4 6 :JliJ.u7:zuni .D.yxOBHHX, TaK i CBiTCbKHX; TO,D.i BOHH B6HJIH 6araTbOX EllHCKOlliB Ta naHiB. BoHM xoTiJIH ni.u; cnoix naHiB, ~o6 BOHH caMi o611panu co6i KCbOH,D.Ja i TPMMaJIH JIIOTepaHCbKY sipy; ~06 He ,ll,aBaJIH ,D.eC.siTHH CHOllOM, a TiJibKH 'IHCTHM J6i)K)KJJM; ~o6 JIIO.D.H 6yn11 siJihHHMH i He YTHCKaJIMC.si csoiMH naHaMH, oco6JIHBO )I( BiMaBIIIH iM cno10 noBHHHicTb. OT)Ke, ~o6 JiicM, MiCQH pM6aJibCTBa, piKH, 3nip He Ja6opoH.R:JIHCh IM naHaMH, 6o see Qe BOHH MYCHTh .n.oporo KynynaTM y naHiB, 6o (HaBiTh) He MO)I(Ha IM JBipa 3 snacHoro J6i)I{)I(H BMrHaTH. JIK~O )I{ KOTpHHCb 3 HMX nOMpe, TO ~06 HiXTO Hi'IOrO He Ja611pan y IXHiX AiTe:H. lloTiM 1.\HX ceJI.siH 6y11o po36HTO. '].{OJ06i.Jl PoKy 1526 no cMepTi MaJoBeUbKHX KH.si3iB CTaHicnasa Ta RHa lxHE no6epHLHO 00 XppoHU KH.siJiBCTBO 6y11o npHE,li,HaHe AO KopoHH. PoKy 1527. ,ll.na,D.UHTb micTb THC.si'I TaTap 3 HaKaJy TypeUhKoro cynTa'lJTamapu 6 HOUlU.{. Ha qepe3 BO,li,H, JaMepJni piKH Ta o3epa BAepJIHC.si Jl.O JluTDI1. BoHH Jano,Ail(pOiiiO.t. SlJIH 'lJ:J1MaJIO UIKO,z:t;H 6iJI.si lliHCbKa, llOTiM npHHllJJIH,ll.O fieJIJbKOI Ta Jli06JiiHCbKOI JeMeJih, rpa6yro'IH i1 naJI.R'IH; a JaB,ll,.siKH Mopo3aM IM cKpi3h 6y11o 11erme piKH Ta 6oJioTa npoi1TH, .siK no Tnep.n.iii JeMni. O,n.HH JariH npmvllllOB ni.n. CKoKisKy, JaMOK xoJIMCbKoro ni,AKOMopi.n lll,eHCHoro 3aMoi1cbi<oro, Ha .HKHH BiHCbKO iJ 3aMKY 3,n.ii1cHHJIO BHJia3Ky. '-lepe3 ue noraHUi Bi,n.crymiJIH )J.O raiO, KOTpHi::f poere Ha TOM)' )I( OCTponi, a Ja HI1M 6oJJOTIICTa piKa BEnllJeQ

376

KHMrA II i 60JIOTO. 3aTitCHeHi y l(bOMY Miet~i, DOHII MYCHJIH DCJIHKOIO Kpon ' JO 3anJiaTHTM 3a CBOIO >KOpCTOKiCTb, a iHWi HKHaHlll13J1,lJ,We TiKa.JJH 3i 3/~0U .l-1'·1'110. KoCTHHTMH, HKI1M U TOlt t.tac n pH6ys CIO,l.\11 3 fiOJIHHi, ,lJ,eHb i Hit.t rHancH 3a HMMH 'lllamapu poJ6umi i ni.D, KaHeBOM, ,ll.e TaTapH po3roCTJOBa.JJ.HCb, TaK s,nap11B Ha HHX Ha csiTaH- 6o.n u"ljJI.M u KY· ll{O i% He ,nonycniB lx .n.icTaTHCSI ,no KOHeii. I xot.t BOHM, 6y.u.yt.tM niiiJHMH, ,nocHTb .u.osro cTpiJIHJIII 3 nyKin, ane npeiiJTi 6yn11 po36.HTi .H po3rpoMJieHi TaK, mo ne.n.se KOMY s.u.anocH BTeKTH, a scJI lxHJI 3.U.06Ht.t 6yna nosepHeHa . TaM KocT.HHTHH noMCTHBC.H I/ (c. 99) Ja coKaJihCbKY nopa3Ky, B3HB y noJIOH ciMcoT TaTap i BJII3BOJIHB 40 THCH't.t xpJ..tCTHHHCbKMX nonoHeHHX. KoJIM n iJHiiiJe KHHJh KocT.HHTHH n'lxan .u.o KpaKona 3 TaTapchKHMH s'SI3H.HMH Ta npanopQ.HMH, TO OTpHMaB Bi)J. KOpOJIH BCJIHKY lllaH)' Ta DO)lHKy. 3 MocKBM Te)l( 6yn To.n.i 3a)J.JIH nepeMHp'H n ocoJI y cynpono.n.i ecKopTy Mocl(96· CI>I(J.lU .no 400 KiHHOTHMKis. OTp:HMaBIIJH nepeMHp'.H Ha wicTb poKin, niH Bill.'ixas. nOCO/l PoKy 1528 ni.u. KaM'.HH~eM Kopo;rincbKi poTMicTp11 R3noneQbKMM iJ CTpH~bKHM po3rpoMHJIH THCH"~Y TaTap. HanpHKiHQi ~horo poKy xMeJibHHQhKMii cTapocTa DpeU)Ian Jl.HHQKOpoHCbKHM i qepKaCbKHM ( CTapOCTa) 0cTa<}liii pa30M 3 BiHH.H~bKHM Ta 6paQJlaBCbKMM CTapOCTaMH nilllJlH ni)J. QqaKiB 3-DOHa)J. ,l].eC.HTKOM COTeHb KiHHOTH noJI.HKiB Ta pycMHiB (rusak6w), .u.e MaJIH TPM macnHBi 6HTBH 3 TaTapaMH i npHrHaJIM ,ll,O CBOIX ,lJ,OMiB 30 THCH'tJ 6H)J.Jla i n'SITCOT KOHeM. U:boro )K qacy B Pa,noMi, s EpaHKOBi, Hapo.u.HJIOC.H He6a"tJeHe JIIO)J.CbKe qy,nOBHCbKO, HKe MaJlO fOJIOBY nesa, KOliJJlaTi rpy,ll.H, CKperOTaJIO 3y6aMH, rapqano CTpaiiJHHM fOJIOCOM; )KHJ10 BlClM fO,li.HH. Poey 1529 .u.eS~Ki HaiiJi no.n.iJibChKi naHose, HK-oT: JIJJIOBeQbKHa, CeHSIBCb- :Hawi JH06y nUJOza. KHH, Jl.HTaJibCbKHH Ta iHini, KOTpi CTOHJIH 3 poTaMM Ha llO)J.iJibCbKOMY KOp- I(!J6o.M ,lJ,OHi, 3HOBY BHCTYflHJl.H B 110Xi)J. )J.O QqaKOBa, MaiO'UI T.HC.Hqy KiHHOTH. BoHH He 3HaJIH, mo lCJiaM-coJITaH, KOTPOMY Koponb CHri3M}'H.U. ,no3BOJIHB )KHTH y csoiti JeMJii Ha,ll, ,l(HinpoM, MaM)Ke B ~eti )Ke qac, Ha lx He:w;acT.H, noMHpHBC.H Ji csoiM 6paTOM i ,nicTas si.u. Hhoro B y.nin QqaKiB. BoHH, HaTpanHBIIJH Ha TaTap ICJiaM-COJITaHa, KiJibKacoT ix po36H11M, 3a6panH ixHix KOHeti i npHMlliJIH ni.n QqaKin. IcnaM-COJITaH BMMIIJOB rroTiM 3 MicTa i eTas ix nHTaTH npo JlecnoiJi8atuJ Te, qoMYBOHH HOMJ, rro6paTHMoni cnoro naHa Kopon.H CHriJMYH.D.a, qHH.HTb KpHB.D.Y· Bp~eHi QHM i 6o.HqHch cnoro naHa, 6o 3HaJIH, mo Koponh Mas ICJiaM-COJITaHa Ja npH.HTeJISI, CKJiaJIH 36poiO i Ha :Horo )Ka,naHH.H nosepH)'JIH HOMY Ja6paHi KoHi, K~yqH, mo TaKe TpanHJIOCJI q ep ea noMHJIKy, 6o He 3HaJIH npo iforo npHMnpeHHH 3 6paTOM i Te, mo HoMy .u.icrnnca QqaKiB. lloTiM lcJiaM-COJITaH IIO-npMHTeJibCbKH aanpOCHB )J.O ce6e B QqaKiB )J.JISI no6paTHMCTBa Jl3JIOBeQbKOf0, CTapiiJOfO Ha.u. IJ;HM BiHCbKOM. Jl3JIOBeiJ;bKHH nosip11n IJ;bOMf JarrpomeHHIO, xoqa iHmi MaJIH cyMHiB. KoJIH )K .HJnoseu;hKHH B 'ixaB )J.O QqaKOBa, TaTapH parrTOBO HallaJIH Ha HalliMX i, OTQqMBIIJH IX Ha KOHSIX, llO'JaJIH OCHnaTH CTpinaMM. flOJIHKH CTaJIH O,ll.pa3y )K BKpHBaTHCR lltHTaMH, ,lJ,OKH He npnMqaB lcJiaM-cOJITaH i 3a)J.JIJI npHDMHeHHH 6HTBH B6HB Ki.nbKOx TaTap a JI)'Ka • .AJie, He 3MirmH ix nraMYBaTn, Bi,ncrynus. Hami, 6aqaqH, I.JlO He >KapT, noBepHfJIH KOHeH 11.0 CBOIX KOp,ll.OHiB, a JIHTaJibCbKHH, JIKHH M}'>KHbO 6HBCR 3 TaTapaMH, noTpanHB P,O HHX y 110JIOH. fliJHime HOrO

377

6um8a

KHHrA II 6paT, enucKon .HH, BMJ<YilMB Jl.SITaJibCbKoro 3 noJIOH}'. fliCJIR u.iei 6nTBM ICJiaMCOJITaH, nparH)"'H ~osecTu, ~o u.e CTaJIOCR He 3 i:foro BOJii, I I (c. 100) si~ nycTMB .H3JIOBeU.bKoro. A u.e ~iRJIOCR B cepnHi, Maii)f(e Toro caMoro ~HR, Konu Hamux 6yJio 6uTo 6iJIR CoKans.. PoKY 1530 Curi3MfH~ ,llpyruii 6ya o6paHMM Ha JiuTOBCbK)' .n;ep»<asy i aa »<MTTR 6aTbKa 6yB KOpOHOBaHMM Ha KOpOJiiBCTBO y ~eCRTMJiiTHbOMf BiU.i. lloTiM 6yna nocsaTaHa iioMy aa ~py»<MH)' Mb»<6eTa, .n;oHhKa ep~MHaH~a. '}JiJibtW Uboro »< poKy 3ropiJio BiJJbHO, ne~se 3aJJMlliMJJacs. iioro TpeTR 'llaCTM3zopillo Ha; To.n;i »< 3ropino 6araTo xpaMiB, RK rpeU:hKMX, TaK i pHMCbKMX. TaKoJK y

!!Tepe1(9n· CbiQlU (~JlH)

o611oxu6 ttUp1\_0CU, Me Hi'lOZO

He6i>Ul6

KpaKOBi 3ropiJIM BYJIMU:i rpo~CbKa M KaHOHi'lla. PoKY 1531 nepeKoncbKHH xaH ICJiaM-cOJITaH BHCJIOBMB Kopomo 'llepe3 nocJJiB cso10 npus.3Hb, JKa.AaiO'liH si.n; HhOro, I.U;06 niH iioMy nocnas TiJJhKM 15 THCR'll qepsoHHX 3JJOTMX, 6o niH He MO)Ke BTpnMaTH csolx yJiaHiB Ta MfP3. HoMy 6y11a .n;aHa waHo6m.ma si.n;nosi.n;b Ta o6ins.Hi ynoMMHKH. PoKy 1532 lcJiaM-COJITaH, ni~6ypMBmu 3aBOJI3bKHX TaTap, noqas 6HTsy 3 6paToM CaT-fipeeM, aJJe 6ys HHM po36HTHM i BTiK ~o floJihiiJ;i, ~e KOponh~03BOJIHB MOM)' )I(MTH 6iJis. qepKac. Alle CaT-fipeii, ~oBi.u.aBliiHCh npo HbOfO, CTaB nepenpaBJIRTMC.H 3 BiMCbKOM qepe3 ,llHinpo Ha qepKaCM. floqyslliH npo u.e, lcJiaM-COJITaH si.u.crynHB ~o lloJII>IIJ;i, a CaT-ripeM cTaB 3~06ysaTM qepKaCM, MaJOqH 3 co6010 Bi~ TfpKa ~0 niBTOpM TMCRqi RHHqapiB i noHa.n; n'RT,ll.eC.HT rapMaT. Ko1111 )1(, nory)I(HO IliTfPM)'IO'llH MicTo npoT.HrOM TPMHa~QRTH ~HiB, BiH Hiqoro He Mir MOMY sqMHHTM Hi sorHenaJibHOIO 36p0€10, Hi BOrHeM i B3araJii ~apeMHO BTpaTHB 6araTO BiMCbKa, 60 'llepKaCbKHH CTapocTa 0cTa<}>ii1 MY)I(Hbo 6opOHMBC.H, siH nocJiaB .u.o 0cTa¢is., ~o6 TOM npHixan .u.o Hboro ~JI.H npHRTeJihCbKOi po3MOBM, aJie OcTacpi:H He .u.oBipRB MOM)'. Kom1 )K siH npo u:e nonpocMB s.u.pyre, OcTacpiM noro.nHBCR, aJie 3a YMOBH, ~o KiJII>Ka 3Ha'llHMX oci6 noliiJie .n;o Hhoro y 3aMOK .HK 3apy'liHMKiB. KonM u.e 6yJio sqHHeHo, np116ys .n.o Hboro, i TaM BOHM no6paTaJJMC.H, isliiM i1 nHBmM. Hes.noa3i nicJISI U.hOro 6y11o .npy)f(H€ nocOJibCTBO .n.o Kopon.H si.n o6ox 6paTis, ni.n. IcnaM-COJITaHa i ni.n. CaT-ripes., i rx Te:>K npHR3HO 6yJio npHHHSITO.

9Tol(Ja C!JJUii.MaHa

U~>oro »<poKy rypeu.~>KMM cyJITaH CyJiei1MaH 3i6pan yc10 cno10 noryry,

'Yzop· rwmy

nonpo~aBCR 3 MaTip'IO, Bi.U.npaBMB CBO€ TIOfaHCbKe Ha6o:>KCHCTBO i BHCTf-

fllOIIJl1(_U

poJ6UAu mypl(j/J

3azopoaa

171amapa.M CJo PY'"'<Joc. JtAifJib

ITMB 3 KoHcTaHTMHOITOJISI, nparHyqu si.n.irHaTM Kopons. <J)ep~uHaB~a si.u. YropcbKoro KoponiBCTBa. floTiM, noqynmH npo 6iJibllle, Hi)K cno.nisascH, xpHCTHSIHCbKe ni:HcbKO, nimos .n.o Ey.n.u, a 12 THcs.q csorx rypKiB ni.u.npasHB Ha nJIIOH,D,pysaHHR AscTpiiichKOI 3eMJii. 3 HHMH 3ycTpiJIHCSI B 6mo TPI-i TMcs.qi TIOJlbCbKOfO HaMMaHOfO BiMCbKa, ITOKJiaJIM TpynoM Ha TIOJii 6010 ,ZJ,eB 'SITb TMCSI'-1 TYPKin i oTpHMaJIM seJIHKY cJiasy. I yropu.i Ta HiMu.i rpoMifJIM TypKiB, .u.e TiJihKH MorJIH. CyJiei1MaH, 6aqaq11 mo iioMy He macTMTh, pyrnus Ha3a~. I I (c. 101)* PoKy 1533 ni.u.6yso1 cei1M y fli1oTpKyni, Ha KoTpoMy MilK iHmnMI1 ceiiMOBI1MM cnpaBaMM TIMTaJJM qepKaCbKOfO CTapocry 0cTacpiSI npo Te, SIKHM

* ,l(HB. iJ{CHTH"lJHHM Ma.JIIOHOK y KH. I {c. 152 opuriHany).

378

KHHrA II '·UIHOM MO:>KHa 3ano6irTM '4MHeHHlO TaTapaMM UJKO,nM. BiH pa.nun, IJ.{o6 Ha ,llHinpi nocTiiiHo TPMMa.Jnl .nni TMC.Srtii niilcbKa, KOTpe 6 6opoHMJIO Ha qai1Kax Bi,n TaTap nepenpaBl1){0 HaC, a lJ~e KiJibKaCOT KiHHOTM 3 TMM, ll.l06IX 3a6e3neqyBaJIM nponiaHTOM. OcKiJihKM Ha ,UHinpi € 6araTo "'IMMaJIMX ocTponis, TO Ha HMX Tpe6a 6y.nynaTM MicTa i1 3acHonynaTM 3aMKM. USI nopa.na cno.no6aJiacSI BCiM npMCYTHiM, O,UHaK Hi'll:oro He CTaJIOCSI. IHIIli pa,nHJIM TaM :>Ke Ha YKpaiHi 3acHynanf i1 pm..{apcbKY lllKOJl)', aJie mo )f(, KOJIM Ha cJiosax, RK Ha l.{HM6aJiaX, aHa ,niJii, SIK Ha TaJiaJiaHI..{i.

Y uei1 :>Ke qac nepeKonchKMH xaH lcJiaM-COJITaH .nomeHry po3rpoMMB

I CJUlJ.t ·COil·

MOCKOBCbKe niikbKO Ha,n piKolO 0Kol0 i pynn1n Ha3a,n 3 neJIHKOIO 3,no6H'4:- maH poJ6u6 .Mocl(6y qiO. 3 r.dEIO HOBMHOIO niH -ry-r )f(e nocnan .no KopoJISI i npocMB npo )f(OJI,n. fiiCJIR si.nnpas11 i1:oro noCJiiB TpoxM 3a6apHJIMCSI 3 ynoMMHKaMM, niH y:>Ke npHrorysascSI HTH qepe3 ,UHinpo. KonH :>K :Moro 3ycTpinM 3 ynoMMHKaMM, TO BiH 3HOBY nillloB Ha MocKBY i B'4MHMB 6araTo lllKO,nM. PoKY

1534 MOCKBa 3 BeJIMKMM sii1cbKOM pylllMJia Ha JlMTny. Hallli, .no-

si.nanlllMCb npo ue, ,naJIM iM 6HTBY 6iJIR CTapo.ny6a i .nomeHry po3rpoMMJIH MOCKOBCbKi BiHCbKa. fioTiM ni,n Pa,noromeM BOHM B6HJIM TMCRtJY MOCKBM, 6yJio B3SITO y IlOJIOH BO€BO,ny i 3 3aMKY pa30M 3 .Apf:>KHHOIO Ta .[(iTbMM. To.ni ,nsa 3HaqHHX qonosiKa 3 MocKBM, IsaH KoHQbKMi1 I I (c. 102)

'Bmil(!l'li

i Ei..nbCbKMH, BTeKJIM .no KopoJIS~ C11ri3MYH.lla, o6M.[(Ba 6yJIM B.D.RtJHO npHHH$1TI J 9tloc'<Pu iJo 1(9pO.II.R i 3ri){HO 3i CBOIM CTaHOM 3a6e3De'4eHi Ma€THOCT$1MM y JlHTBi H ){Onyu:teHi ){0 CuziJ.M!JHila HaHTa€MHiiiiMX Hapa,n.

10 THCRtJ TaTap aecno.ni saHo HanaJIM Ha BoJIMHb. TaM BOHM B'4:MHI1Jll1 BeJIHKi lllKO.ll,M, CllaJIMJIM n epe,nMiCTSI3acJiaBa i 3 15 Tl1C$1qaQLoro )f( poKY

91Tamapu HQ 'BOilUHi

MM DOJIOHeHHX Bi,niHIIIJlM Ha3a,n. PoKY

1535 MOCKBa TpboMa niiicLKaMH ni.n.oMMMHIIIJIRXaMH qepe3 6o-

JIOTa i1: BO.llH s.nepnacg.n.o JlMTBH, cnaJIHJia BiTe6cbK i fioJIOI(bK i TaK rJIM-

9tloci({J6cr,l(a xopcmo· l(jcmr,

6oKo ynii1:IIIJia .no JIHTBM, ll.{O BJKe cnepnacg Ha EpaQnas, ll.{O 3a siciMHa.nujiTb MMJib si.n BiJILHa. BoHM xoTiJIM HTH Ha BiJibHO, ane .nosi,naBIIlMCb, ll.{O TaM nepe6ysa€ KOpOJib i 0.{0 BiH He 6e3 BiHCbKa, niiiiJIH Ha3a.n,. reTLMaHOM 6ys TaM 0BtJHHa, ODiKYH MOCKOBCbKOrO KH$13SI, KOTpi-fi:i 6ys TaKHH JKopcTOKHH, mo HaKa3ysas ca,n:>KaTH Ha naJii MaJIHX ,niTei1:. KoponL, noqysmu UIO HOBHHy, Di.[(HJIB JIHTBY i HaKa3aB, 0.{06 BOHa nepeKpHJia liiJISIX soporaM, ane Ti neplllHMM nepeTayJIH csoi Kop.noHH. OcKiJibKH B3HMKY HalliHM He IlOU.{aCTHJIO, TO BOHH Ha JiiTO Kpa~e ni,nroryBaJIHC$1. BOHH B3R· JIH MOCKOBCbKHH 3aMOK foMeJib, IlOTiM- CTapo,ny6, y KOTpoMy 6yJio OTOqeHO i B3RTO B nonoH MOCKOBCbKoro reTLMaHa 0B11HHy, TaKO)f( Cnl(LKO· ro (Syczkiego), KonHtJOBa i1: 6araTLOX iHlllHX, npo mo lllHpiiie csi,ntJHTL icTopix B nepiiiiH KHH3i (c.

122).

PoKY 1536 CHri3MyH.n,AnrycTy .n,eHb cs. EBaHreJiicTa MapKa npucxrays JIHTBi Ha ,noTpHMaHH$1 ii npaB i BOJibHOCTi. PoKY 1537 Ha KpaKiBCLKOMf cetiMi 6yJio yxsaJieHo nocnoJIHTe pymeHHR pycLKHX aeMeJIL npoTH panTosoro npuKop.noHHoro sopora, aJie He si.n6ynoc11 qepe3 Hearo.ny naHiB Ta lllJIJIXTH.

379

J4.lkycm npUCSUtU J'lum8i

KHHrA II PoKy 1538 6yJia 3Ha1.JHa siii:Ha 3 MOJI.D.aBaHaMu, ni.zr. qac .HKoi HaWRX po3-

'BillHtJ

J MOAiJa· 6aHa.MU

Cna.tuHo l\pDI(j8cbi(JI Mi~HIQI

6HJIH 6in.H CepeTy.

1539 KpaKincLKa

PoKy

paii'II'IH.H KaTa)KiiHa MaJILxepona, asa6neHa

EBpe.HMH, llOfOp.D.MJia XpMCTMSIHCbKOIO niporo; Ue TpanMJIOCSI 'laCTKOBO 1.Jepe3 xsopo6y rononM a6o a poanaqy, 6o nee 'IMHI'IJIOCSI3 nopa.zr.u. OcKi.nbKH )I( ii HeMO)I(JIJ.IBO 6yno Bi,D.BeCTH Bi.D. llOMHJIKH, TO 6yna 3acy.zr.)KeHa KpaKiBCbKMM EllHCKOllOM fleTpOM faMpaTOM Ha CMepTb, Ha .HKY HWJia TaK CMiJII'IBO, HeHa'le Ha neciJIJISI. II cnanHJIH nocepe.U.HHi KpmdncLKoro pHHKy.

E6pti1Cb'(Q 6tJUCHicmb

PoKy 1540 xpMCTMSIHM 6yn.11 no6y.u.iKeHi ceKTaMH .u.o cnapoK 3a xpHCTMaHCLKY nipy; qepe3 Qe enpei 'IHMaJIO xpMCTM.HH y HaC 3BeJIH Ha €BpeHCbKY nipy i1 o6piaan11. A IU.06 BOHH y QbOMY He KaSIJIHCSI, lx BMCMJiaJIM 3 KopoHM

.u.o YropiiU1HM,

a noTiM JJ.O Type'I'IMHM. RK HacJii.U.OK, KOJIM KopoJib C11riJ-

MYH.U. HaKaaan KpaKIBCbKOMY noeno.u.1 Ta cTapocTI 'IMHMTM IHKB13MUUO cepe.u. Enpein, TO Enpei qepe3 u:e I I (c. 103) IIIYKaJIM 3axMCT}' n T)'peQLKoro cyJJTaHa, npOCSI'IH HOfO npo JIMCTM 3 KJIOllOTaHHHM JJ.O KOpOJISI, lll.06 €BpeSIM

6yno niJILHO I3.U.HTH .u.o Typet.I'IMHM. TypeQLKMi1 cynTaH ci<a3aB,

~o6 BOHM

Uhoro He npoovm, ane TpoxM no'lJeKaJIM, 6o H, Ka>Ke, cKopo TaM 6yJJ.Y iBM)I(eHy xpHCTM.HH, a naM Y'~MHIO MMP i cKpi3L ni.u.KpHIO (AJI.H nac) niJJLHHH IIIJISIX. KopoJib CMri3MYH.U. .HK xpMCTM.HHChKI-IH nono.u.ap TaK 3 UbOro 3po3yMin, lll.O 3aB.U..HKI-I qacTii1 Ta cynopi:H iHKBi3MQii u:e ( ceKTaHTCTBO) MYCMJJO IIIBMAKO aaTMXH}'TH i1 npHnMHMTMC.H. OTaK HenoraHo noqan caTaHa poa-

CTaBJISITH CBOI npanopQL 91TaT1Ulpu Ha Pgci 9Tpem6u7.

PoKy

1541 TaTapH, n.u.eplllMCb Ha PycL,

B'IMHMJIM neJIMKi lllKO.U.M 6iJJH

BiHHI-IQi Ta iHlllMX MiCT. EapCbKMH CTapocTa EepHaT npeTBM'll, ri)J.HMH

. .

naM .HTl Bl)J. yctX TIOJI.HKIB, TIOrHaBCSI 3a HMMM 3 HeBeJIMKOIO KlllbKICTIO K0maT1Ulp 3aKiB Ta qepeMMcin i a)l( ni.u. QqaKin npMHIIIOB 3a TaTapaMM. A 1..\i B)f(e

zpo.Mumb

BeJIM JIIO)J:eH, B3SITMX y SICMp, )1.0 KOpa6JiiB, SIKi CTOSIJIH Ha BO)J:i, ~06 npo)J.aBaTM lx y Ka<f>i n Henonro. BiH nJiaKaB, )J.HBJI.R'IHCb Ha lxHe rope, i cKaaan: «CKiJibKM CTaHe CMJI, 6y.u.y sac pRTynaTM». I niH Ja Qe .u.o6p.R'1e noMCTMBC.R: nopy6an Ta rroTonMB TaTapcbKMx .u.iTei1 i APY)f(MH, KOJIM Ti BTiKaJII1 Ha BO.U.y, iHllli1X )l(e qepeMMCii llOCTpiJI5IJIM )' BO)J.i, .5IK Kat.IOK. TipeTBHt.J )l(e 6e3 BTpaT i 3i 3)J:06Ht.Jt.JIO TIOBepH)'BCSI ~O~OMY H u;e CaMe Bt.JHHHB i Ha ApyrMH pi K. ULoro :>K poKy,

cepnH51, TypeU:hKHi1 cyJITaH 3 HOBMMI-I nii1cLKaMH

npMHllJOB AO nemTa H Ey.u.H, po3rpOM11B HiMuin Ha 3eMJii H no.u.i, B3SIB Ey.u.y. 9ToCIIU 8eiJymb ncpezolJopu J

mypi((L)tu

npo KPpiJotw "iem8epHe JOmtMIUH1UI

9To.MepJza KPpoAeiJa 'Ellt>x6ema

11.0 SIKoi Bll)'CTMB .JIHMt.tap. To.u.i HacTan y)l(e, BB<DKai1, IdHe~h YropcbKii13eMJJi. PoKy 1542 Ha I1o.u.inJI.H 6ym1 nocJiaHi ).:(JI51 neperonopiB nocJIM i3 3eMJJi KopoHHOI i TypeQbKoi .u.ep)l(aBM. PoK)' 1543 6yn neJIHKm':i Mop y KpaKoni, i1 mo.u.eii ITOMepJIO, SIK Ka)l(yTb, .U.Da)J.Q.51Tb THC.H't.J. PoKy 1544 6yno 1.JeTsepHe 3aTeMHCHHSI: .u.sa coHQ.H i .U.Ba MicSiui, t.IOro paHime HiKOJIM He 6ynano. O.u.HaK npo l(eii piK MaTeMaTI1KH 3)laBHa Ka3anH H ITMCa.Jm: maCJIMBi 6y.U.fTb Ti JIIO).:(M, KOTpi nepe:>KMBYTb I..{i qacn. PoKy 1545, MiCSIUSI qepBH51, noJihCbKa Koponena Mb:>K6eTa, .u.py)I(HHa CMri3MyH,na ABrycTa, KOTpa ;~Ba poKM TOM)' 6y11a .a.aHa Ja Hboro pHMCbK11M KoponeM (f)ep.a.I-maHAOM, IIOMepJia.

380

KHHrA II PoKy 1546 3 llOJihllli .n.o Typeql.JlfHH npnlxanM nocJIH .ll.ll.H neperonopin lllO.llO 3aCI10KO€HH.H Ha KOp.ll.OHaX .HK riOJibCbKMX, TaK i MOJI.ll.a13Cbi<I1:X: CnO'-IaT-

'lji I((If}.

KY CTaHicJian EpoHenchKm1, a noTiM Mm<OJiaii UiKOBChKMH. OcKiJihKH )I< s YroplllMHi sapam.nnHCbKHH EnMcKon .ll,bEp.ll.b (Gerzy), KoTpHii Mas 6yTH

iJo mypl(j(}

?.ful(9.naii Cbl(!lU-

noco.n

sipHHM oniKyHOM KOpOJieBM 1Ja6eJIH, CaM CTaB '-IMHHTM itf KpHB.lJ.y, 3a6MpaI0'-111 y Heino 3aMO'-IKy, no .z:r.epmasi, TO JJ;O HbOro 6yJio nocnaHo 3 llOJibllli 3 nonepe.nmeHH.HM ll(O)J.O TaKHX .lliH, i BiH llOTiM CKpOMHillie ce6e llOBO}I.MB. PoKy 154 7 noJibCbKMH KopoJib CI1ri3MJH.ll. CKJIHKaB Ha JJ;eHb cn. Map~i Ha cei1M y Di1oTpKyni. Yxnani1BIJJH npo sci cnpasH, .HKi cTocynanHc.H o6opoHH M noTpe6 Pe'"li nocno.JIHTOI, niH TaM )J(e 3axnopis I I (c. 104) i 6ys

'J(ppo.m, CuziJ.AtgHJ

J0{,8opi8

i no.Mep npHBe3eHMM ,uo KpaKona Ha caH.HX. IToTiM, y 1548 po~i. npH'-IaCTHBlliMCb, Koponb 3 neJIMKHM )J(aJieM is MO- JKumtTUl

JIHTBi noKMHYB ~eli cniT y CB.HTHH JJ;eHh BeJIHKO.U.H.H. [(e 6ys naH neJIMKoi KpacH i1: CMJIM. lcTopMKM, oco6nnso MoaxMM oEJibCbKMH, nMIJJ}'Tb, lllO niH po3pHsas Ka:H.naHH, JiaMas niJJ;KOSH, rosopHB He6araTo, ane rnH6oKo. Eys

KSJpO.IIJl CuziJM!JHOa

TpoxM rHiBJIHSHM, ane BMin TaiTH rnis y co6i; 6ys Tsepe3HM, noMipKonaHMM, HOCMB ,UOBre BOJIOCC.H, 6opo.n.y ni)J.CTpHraB, BJiiTf<Y pa,uo XO)J.HS 6e3 manKH, yTpO.HH.llOBOMY BiHf<Y, JJ;O siMHH He 6ys oxotni:H, 3a mo Mas seJIMKY npH.H3Hb si}J; 6araTbOX iHo3eMHHX Koponis, Ha sop ora He :Hmos ( oco6HCTO), xi6a lllO qepe3 seJIMKY KpHsJJ;y, i focno.n& Eor .z:r.asas HOM)' ll(aCTH. BiH Mas csoro BiKY siciMJJ;eC.HT ,usa poKH. Kopon10nas 41 piK. llo cMepTi CMri3MyH.z:r.a ITepiJJoro Ha npecTOJI llOJibC&Koro KopoJiin- CuziJM!JHO Jil.Ozycm, cTBa i BeJIHKoro KHH3iBCTBa JlHTOBC&Koro BCT}'llHB CHri3MYH.ll. .A.srycT. BiH !Tenpil(, Cme!ftaH nposo,uHs cy,uH, 3Jiari.llHIOBaB Piq f1ocnoJIHT}', roryBascH,uaTH si,uci'-1 sopo- ']jamopiii ry, M}')KHbO i M)'.lJ.pO Kepysas KOpoJiiSCTBOM, HK npo Qe ,UOCTaTHbO rosopuJIOCb y nepmiM KHH3i. .ll,ocTaTHbO llHCaJIOCH y nepmiM KHH3i i npo feHpiKa Ta KopoJIH CTecpaHa, HKi naHYBaJIH nicJIH Hboro . .ll,o,uaM TYT TiJibKH Te, qoro He 3ra,uysanocH TaM y po3nosi}J;i npo Kopon.H CTecpaHa, a caMe:

€3JimCb'Ki 'KO.MziyMu 6ytu 3amoeaui 3a 'ltacie ?&WZO 'KopQ/l.R, Cme¢ana y Ce.MuzopoiJCb?Ciu 3eMJI,i, y Jlumei ma Iu¢./UluiJii: IJ;H npeCJiasHa y CeMuropO.lJ.CbKiii 3eMni cpaMiJii.H EaTopiis TUM oco6JIHBO BIIIaH08aHa, 11(0 MaJIO He CaMa TiJibKH y QiM ,uep>Kasi 36eperJia CB.HT}' KaTOJIHQbf<Y sipy i He nimJia 3a 'llf>KHMM 6oraMH. ToM}' Eor i .u;oci 36epirae n;10 .llHHacTiiO Ha KoponiscTsi. To.u;i CTeq>aH EaTopi:H ysa>KHO nepecTepiras i oco6JIHBO nparHys, ll(e 6yJJ;yl.JH ceMuropo,uc&KMM KHH3eM (wojewodll), Il(06 TaM 6ys 3acHosaHHH E3Ji.mie. OcKiJI&KM >K To.u;i n;e Ba>KKO 6yno a.u;i:HCHHTH, TO qepe3 nesHi npH'"IHHH BiH Bi,UKJiaB QeH HaMip Ha MaM6}'TH€ i aJK TO.z:ti (peaJii3yBaB iioro), KOJIH iioro rocnOJ,:tb Eor qy.u;ecHO llOKJIMKaB Ha

opoen

llOJibCbKe KOponiBCTBO i 3SOJIHB HOfO Ha HbOMy CTBep.z:tHTH. llaM 'SITaiO'IH, mo OpiJen E3Ji.mis np116ys .n.o lloJI&IUi tJepe3 siciM poKiB no cMepTi cs. Irua~ 1.\iR (Jlo:HonH), ll(O poKY Eo>Koro 1565 CBSIToi naM'HTi OTeJ.\& CTaHiCJiaB fo3iu, sapMiHcbKHH enHcKon i Kap.z:tMHaJI, y csoeMy MicTi Epan36epry aacHysas BJiaCHHM KOlliTOM KOJieriyM, a npH HbOMf i CeMiHapiio KJiipHKiB.

381

KHHrA II 3

IJ.bOrO KOJieriyMy BHXO~MJIH B'leHi Ta 6oro60.H3Hi CB.SI~eHMKH, BOHM

3MiiJ.HHJIM n.e €llHCKOllCTBO y KaTOJIHQhKiH Bipi Ta ~o6pHX 3BH'Ia.HX.M~yqu 3a npHKJIMOM IJ.bOrO CB. naM'HTi Kap~HH3..1Ia, llJIOIJ.bKHH €llHCKOll A.II)J.JKeH

omy,iB Opotmy 63Ji1niB, aaniJieHCbKHii EnHcKon Ba-

HocKOBChKMH, a~o6yswn B llyJITfChKf ¢YH~au.iio CH}'BaB TaM KOJieriyM Toro JK

1565 poKy. TaKOJK i

.fliOmepan- Jiepi.JIH, 6a'la'IH, (c. 105) .HK €peci y JIHTni mKO~HTb UepKni EoJKi'H, .HK '"IQlii. Mia pi3Hi CeKTM epeTHKiB Hall(l.A3..1IH Ha (TaiHCTBO) KruiTT.SI, Ha BlllaHfBaHHH CBH-

THX, Ha XBaJie6Hi n.epKOBHi ,llapH, HH~HJIH o6pa3M CBHTHX, p03KH~3..1IH peJiiKBii Ta CBHTi MOII.\i, ncyna.nH KOCTbOJIM, CMiHJIHCH 3 Bi~nycTiB ~ymaM , KOTpi 8 'IHCTHJIH~i, Bi~HiMaJIH nop.HT}'HOK no60JKHHX JIIO~eH

i HaBiTb .SIK

si,l(bMH 3 neKJia JMimynanH He6o Ta 3eMJIJO i 3 ycix CHJI HH~MJIH cnpase,l(JIHnicTb, MHp, nee xpHcnHIHCbKe Ha6oJKeHCTBO. Ue 6at.Ja'IH, €nHcKon BaJiepi.HH nop03fMiBCH 3 Kap,l(HHaJIOM fo3i€M i nnpocHB y reHepana (€3y1Tis) 1(jJJitziy)t

y 'lJiJI'bHi

1569 POKY noqas <f>YH.zzyBaTH KCbOH,l(3 EaJITa3ap rocToBiH}'C, "'eX, 3 KiJibKOMaiHlliHMH, i TaKHM 'IMHOM npHBiB €3yiTiB~O)biTBH 1570 poey.

KOJieri}'M, .HKHH

A Iq06 BOHH MaJIH Kpa~e MiciJ.e, CJiaBHOI naM 'HTi KOpOJib AnrycT no CMepTi icnaHQH lleTpa PyiJa 3BOJIMB no)J.apynaTM iM <f>apHHM KOCTbOJI en. 51Ha 3 Ha1(pcm110/l

Bi'IHMM npaBOM flO,l(aBaHHH, KOTpe llOJibCbKi KOpOJii MaJIM ,ZX:O IJ.bOrO 'lacy.

c.8. Jl~ta Ciano

opotm He B3HB JKO,ZX:HHX rpomeM Ta npH6yrKiB llJie6aHCbKHX, ane BCe 3aJIH-

EJyirn.a.M

i nepe.n THM 6yJio , a caM YTPHM)'€ ce6e ,l(o6posiJihHOIO npaQeiO: nponosi)J.h, cJiyxaHHH cnosi,Ai, Has'tJaHHjJ npocTHX JIIO,Aei1. I npolliMB nJie6aHy, HK

THroM IJ.HX poKin 3 EoJKoi JiaCKH BOHH npHHeCJIM 3Ha'IHY KOpHCTb. Ue:H JKe 3ra,naHHM EnHcKorr BaJiepiHH Ha,l(aB i 3a6e3ne'tJHB KOJieriyM rreBHHMH npH6yrKaMH. ,llo 6iJiblliHX Ha)J.aHb .lJ.y.)l(e np:HJ'I}"tJHJIHCH Iqe~pHMH MHJIOCTHHHMH 3i CBOIX BJiaCHHX Ma€THOCTeM iHIIIi no60JKHi JIIO,ll;H, OC06JIHBO HCHOBeJibPaiJju6i.Juzu MO.)I(Hi KHH3i IX MOCTb naHose Pa,A3MBiJIJIH. ITicJIH QbOro €3yiTH 6yJIH TaK 3aiJono.M.aza10m11 6e3net.JeHi (KOllJTaMM) ,l(JIH yrpuMyBaHHH HaJieJKHHX oci6 i TIOTpi6HHX pofJi.M. HCbl(pM y 1(9/ltziy.My 6iTHHKiB, ,l(.JIH JacHyBaHHH lliKiJI i OCBiTH, IqO, KpiM lliKiJI, HKi Ha3HBaJIHCH

2)'Mauimapuw.tu (humanitatis) , BOHH ,Ao6pe i ~OcTaTHbO 'tJHTaiOTb <f>iJioco<f>iro 11 TeoJioriJO, Ha.naiOTb THTYJIH MaricTpin Ta ,noKTopin THM, xTo Toro 3ac.nyrony€. A ~qo6 Qe 6yJio HaJieJKHO cTnep,nJKeHe, en. naM' HTi nan a fpHropiH: XIII

i 6e3cMepTHoi cJiasH nOJibChKHH KOpOJib CTe<f>aH Ha,naJIH niJieHcbKOM}' KO'lJille~tcbl(a

JieriyMy TaKi npana H BOJibHOCTi, HKi B.)l(e MaiOTb no BChOMY CBiTi iHmi xpu-

al(aUe.Mi.n

CTHSIHCbKi aKa,l(eMii; a mo6 n.e 6yJio )J.JIH aBTOpHTery aKa)J.eMii, CTBep.D.MJIH IX npMniJie€M.

'Eypca fJJaJI ep iJrHa f!Tanc~>l(a

uMiHapiJl

OKpiM 6ypn-:~, .RKY l.l.\e 3a csoro .)I(HTTH aacHynan enHcKon Banepism, a IlOTiM me,npo ni,nTp11MYBaJIH ~eSIKi npeJiaTI1 BiJieHCbKOrO KOCTbOJIY 3~JIH BI1XOBaHHH neBHOrO llO'tJTY )J.iTeH 6i)J.HHX JIHTOBCbKI1X lliJISIXTI1'1iB, BHHHKJia TaKOJK nanCbKa Ce.Mi1-tapifl, y .RKiM BHX0BY€TbCH B HayQi 'IMMaJIO HeBHHHI1X

C'nucl(pnc 111@

ceJ.tiHapin

IOHaKin piaHHX Hau.ii1; € npH AKa):(eMil i

ce.uiuapm niJieHChKoro EllHCKoncTsa,

KOTPY JaCH)'BaB i BJiacHHM KOIIJTOM 3Mfpynan neJie6HHH s Eo3i oTeQh en. naM'HTi Kap.nHHaJI €.)1(i P~3MBiJIJI, TO)J.i 11\e siJieHChKMi1 €11HCKon.

(c. 106)

BiH noTiM 6yn KpaKiBcbKHM EnncKonoM i noMep y PMMi. .ll.o ui€1 ceMiHapii 11p11i1Mai0Tb TiJibKM THX MOJIO).I.HX JIIO.D.ei1, KOTpi 3HaJOTb JlliTOBCbKY MOBy.

382

KHMrA II BoHH, 3.no6ynwn T)'T no60)KHiCTh i noTpi6Hi HayKM, cTaBaJIM CB.Hll(eHMKaMM 11 o6po6JI.HJIH i1 .no KOpHcTi npxmo,nMJIM 3aHe.n6asy HaMiCHI1KaMM Ta €pecCIO 3incoBaH)' XpMcTony pinJJJO. Bee ~e (npa~.H E3yiTis) 3a bO)KMM 6narocnoneHH.HM Ha6yno ll.y)l{e 3HaqHoro po3Maxy. Hexai1 )l{e rocno,n.b Eor 3i Cnoel CB.HToi MMJiocTi ll(e.npo 6.JiarocnosnTh, .HK y)Ke i1 noqan, i po6iTHMKin, i po6ory Ha Caoltf pinni. PoKy 1571 no3HaHChKI1H EnMcKon , neJihMM .nocToi1HMH A.naM KoHapcbKM~i. 3acHynan KOneriyM y I1o3HaHi; TaM )Ke

22 qepBH.H 1573 poKy 3a-

7fOJIIOH ·

CI>IQJU

1(9/l UiyM

B.A.HKM 3J1qJIJ1BOCTi Mi u~aH 6yn11 si.nKpMTi WKOJm om1J,iB 63yi'mio, KY.AM o.npa3Y )I( BCTynMJIO qJ1Ma.JIO Mono,n.i, .HK WJI.HXeTChKOI, TaK i Mill(aHCbKol. ITicnsr Toro .HK KoHapcbKMH ynoKoinc.H B Eo3i, HaH:,n.ocTOMHiwm1 oTe~b CTaHiCJiaB KapHKOBChKHH, rH€3HeHChKMH apxiEnHcKon, .nan 3HaqHi KOWTH ~ho

MY KOneriyMy, TaK caMo .HK i i1oro MOCTb KCbOH.A3 JlyKaw KocQeneQbKHH, B)Ke noKiHHHH no3HaHCbKMH EnHcKon • .ll:onoMorJIM y ~boMy i1 noaa)I(Hi cniTCbKi JIIO)J.M, oco6JIMBO MHJIOCTMBi naHone OnaJiiHCbKi, ITeTpo i AH'"'

•

••

•

,A)I{el1, BeJI11KOilOJibCbKI111 reHepa.JI 1 CJiaBHOI naM SITI KOpOHHMM MapmaJIOK. Dicn.H Qboro TaM ~e i1 cpinococpi10 3 MMJIOCTi Eo)Koi .no6pe qMTaiOTb, i E Ha,ni.H, 1.1.\0 IToJHaHb, .HK BinhHO, aes.non3i 6y.ne o3,no6neHa nnacHOIO aKa.neMIEIO. Uboro iK 1573 poey, KOJIH B DoJHaHi Opoen ni.nKpHB wKony, 6epe cniM: rroqaToK i IIIKOJia B .Hpocnasi JaB,n..HKM 3HqJIJ1BOCTi if .norroMo3i neJibMO)KHOI

JlpoCila8CbiQJU

1(9/leziyM

Ta no60iKHOi cnanHoi naHi Cocpii 3ecnponoi (i3 Cnponol) O.nponOHiKOBHM, CaH,AOM11pCbKOI BOEBO,AHHI1, aJie ,ni.HTH BOHa noqaJia aiK 1583 poKy. PoKY 1574 3ra,naHMH oTe~b, rHE3HeHCbKI1H apxienMcKon CTaHicJian KapHKOBCbKHH, y enolif CB.HT06JIHBii1 .nocTOHHOCTi 3acaynan KanicbKHH KOneri)'M, MicQe no6o)KHOCTi, ~HOTH if HayKH y fHE3HeHCbKii1 .nieu;e3ii; 3_no6yBaB -Horo i 3a6e3rreqHB po6iTHHKaMH ,lVI.H YTPMMaHH.H KOJieriYMY. Ha cpys.nau;iiO Jli06JiiHChKOro KoneriyMy BHpiiiiHJIM ,naTH .nna 3HaqHHX

7'llo6n iH-

CeHaTOpM, .HKi TO,Ai y llOXO,Ai B MOCKOBCbKiH 3eMJii 3 KOpOJieM CTe<f>aHOM pu- CbiQJU ICP· lle2i!JM 311KYSaJII1 iKHTT.siM i Ma€THOCTHMM3a,lVIH niTqu3HH. O,nHH- en. naM'.siTi Eep- JOCKy8aJIU 3t631CtW08· Hap.n. ManeM:oncbKHH, KOTpni1 HOCHB KopoHay Koporny. a noTiM 3 EoiKoi Cbi(JJU BOlli CTaB ~bKI1M EIII1CKOIIOM, IIOTiM- KpaKiBCbKI1M EilHCKOIIOM. ,llpyn1H - J !Mayet1o8cr.J(JJM MMKOJiaH 3e6iKu,noncbKHH, HKHH To.ni KOMaH.nynan )KOBHipcbKHMH poTaMn i HHI..U;HB BOpOiKi MiCTa; IIOTiM BiH CTaB JII06JiiHCbKHM BOEBO.ZJ;OIO, a HHHi € KpaKiBCbKHM BOEBO,AOIO. flonepayBWHC.si )KHBHMH 3 BiHHH, BOHH BHpilllH· JIH 3acayaaTH 3i CBOiX BJiaCHMX Ma€THOCTeH E3Ji"mCb'KUU 'Ko.M2iy.M y JII06JiiHi, .ne HOBi e6ioHiTu 3BHJIH rHi3,no cnoei 6e36oiKHOcTi.

I I (c.l07) BoHM (Ma-

ne:HonchKHH Ta 3e6iKH,AOBChKHH) IIOTiM ll(aCJIHBO ,AOBeJIH QIO cnpaBy )J.O KiHQH 5 nepecusr 1582 poKY· I.J;horo iK 1582 poKy .siCHOBeJihMOiKHHH KH.si3h Ha 0JIHQi Ta HecBiiKi MHKOJia:H KpulllTo<j> Pa,n3MBiJIJI, HMHiwai:H nineachKHH BO€Bo,na, .siKMH, IIOKHHYBWH epeTHQhKi IIOMHJIKH, HaBepH}'BCH )J.O Bipu, )J.O KaTOJIHQhKOi QepKBH, Ta, no6ynanwH y €ntnTi Ta CHpii, nonepaynmHCh i3 €pycaJIMM)', aacuynas Hecni3hKHH KOJieriyM, Ma10qu Ha u;e aro.ny ni.n. (cn.siToro) OTQH,

383

KHMrA II €Jyimc~>I\Jiu

l(p<:mwur c8. 'l>ap6apu y ?lpal(96i ~OMfSI>I(Jlu

1(9/Uti!JM

nanH. Koponb )Ke, 6y.l{ytJH y KpaKoBi, ,l{aB TO.l{i e3yiTaM KOCTbOJI cs. Bap6a-

P" aa ~BHHTapi )];isH Mapii. 3.l{o6ynaroqu Ilono~bK 1579 poKY, 6e3cMepTHoi cnanH Koponb CTecpaH ~as o6iTHHQIO focno):(y Bory, ~o SIKIUO niH Bi3bMe 3aMOK, TO aacaye TaM JI.JISt llOlliHpeHHSI KaTOJIH:QbKOI Bipu ~ttnC'b'KUU KtliU'Ziy.MiJI.aCTb (HOM)'MaETHOCTi), moM: 3A06}'B 3 noMi1'.11'.110 6ora. TaMTemHiM: KoneriyM AY*e KopucH~fi:i JIIOJI.11M, srKi BiJI.crynMJIH BiA oO)KOI U:epKBH, ane 3 Eo)Koi MMJIOCTi l.IMMaJIO 3 HMX BM3HaiOTb (KaTOJIHUbKY Bipy) i nonepTaiOTbCSI JI.O €JI.HHOi BiBtJapHi XpHCTOBOI, 3a BHHSITKOM THX, y KOTpMX npo cnaciHHH H He llHTaH.

Mau)Ke To,zd *• KOJIM KOpOJJb BiB aiHChKO niA llono~hK, aiu AJIH BMHM?\p!ltZi!JM y 'l(pMw6api meHHSI epeci BiJI.npanMB .no CeMuropo.D.a, HacaMnepe.II. JI.O MicTa Konomsap, pOT}' .lcyXOBHHX )KOBHipiB. IloTiM, nopoayMiBWHCb i3 OT~eM nanOIO, 3aCHyBaB Ce.Miuapi701J.JISI BMXOBaHHSI yropCbKOi MOJIO,l(i. TaM 6araTO JIIO,l(eH, OC06JIMBO 3 qucna mns.xeTChKHX cuuia, suxoByBanoc11 s HayKax i no60.iKHOCTi. 1(o!lezi!JM

IloTiM y Einropo,D.i, TaMTeWHhOM)' CTOJIMl.IHOM)' MicTi, 11.e 3BHl.laHHO 3Haxo-

y 1JiAzopoiJi JI.HThCSI (KopoJiiBCbKHH) JI.Bip, Bl.IMHMB TaK CaMO. O,nHaK KOJIH npHi1mno .no Bapa)KJI.HHa, ~o 31J.aBHa 6yno KaTOJIM~hKMM IJJapaxiJuHl(amo.llugbl(e MicTOM, i KaTOJIHKH TPMMaJIH Ha napacpil ca. IJI.3i KOCThOJI, sopo.iKi KaTOJIMMicmo, ll.IU !J Hb0..41!J KaM eayiTH CTa.JIH 'liHHHTH iuTpurH npoTH e3y1Tin. A ue 6yno 1587 poKY; TMM 6iJzbUte £ptmuJ(j8 qacoM HacTana cMepTb Kopon.SI CTecpaHa. Curi3M)'H.D., MOJIOJI.HH nneMiHHMK CTe¢aHa, 6y.D.yqu €1J.HHHM .D.iJI.Hl.leM, npeTeHJI.YBaB Ha npecToJI. Alle yropui He 3axoTinH M:oro, JI.OKH siB 6y.D.e TepniTM e3yiTin y cnolii 3eMni. BiH, 6y.ny'liM KaTOJIMKOM, He 3HaB, mo po6MTM, ,D.oaro MY'liMBC.SI, BMpimyroqH JI.JI.SI ce6e Qe flHTaHH11, BpemTi M)'CHB MOJIO,l(HH IOHaK qepe3 TH..iKKMH '-laC TMMl.laCOBO flOCTYflHTMCH i JI.OfOJI.HTH OTMM 6yHTiBHHl.IMM JI.YMKaM CBOIX niJI.JI.aHMX. me 3aAOBro AO QbOro, 0Apa3y )I( nicJJH BHpsaHH$1 IHcpJI11HAii 3 MOCKOBCbKHX pyK, Koponb CTecpaH, 6aqaqH HK Q.SI Aep.JKasa qepe3 HMII(eHH.SI KaTOJIMQbKOI BipH flOTpanMJia ,no BOpO.iKMX pyK, CTapaBC$1 3 OC06JUIBOIO

.u,o IH<}lJUIH;.dl nipy, KOTPY 60 poKiB TOMY su1582 niH 3acHynan HacaMnepeA BeHAeHCbKe

nHJihHicTIO, 11.(06 noaepayTM rHanu. ToMy poKy Eo)I<Oro

€flHCKOflCTBO i npHCJJaB CB.SlU~CHHKiB )].JI.SI KOCTbOJiiB y 6araThOX MiCI.\HX. ?\p!luiy..4! 6PuJi 'l(pJu.ziy..4! 8 '.Depnmi

,l(OlJ.aB .no 1.\hOro .nni KOJieril

opaeuy e3yi"miB: OlJ.HY B PH3i, a .npyry

y ,l(epnTi; y Pu3i nepe.n:aa HaBi'tiHO KoneriyMy ,D.Ba KOCThOJIH: cs. JIKoaa (c.

108) Ta cs. Mapil Mar,n:aJJHHH. A poKy 1583 y ,l(epnTi cno'llaTKY 3 snac-

HMx CBOIX KOWTiB, a noTiM 3 nopTOBOI KOMOpH 3a6e3ne'lJHB KOJieriyM po6iTHMKaMM, .SIKi nepe.n: [(HM 6ynH3a,niHHi Ha naHCbKiii po6oTi. Ha.n.as TaKom i ¢yH,n:auiro, npH3Ha'liHB y

1586 poui TPM THCH'lli 3JIOTMX Ha no6y.n:osy Hoao-

ro KOJieriyM)'. CMepTb KopOJI.SI nepemKo,n:nJia no6y.u.oai KOJieriyMy, a.n:e npa1.\H y po6iTHHKiB y BHHOrpa,n:HMKY fOCflO).l:HbOM)' ni,n:iHWJia a.iK )J.O MOCKOBCb· KMX Kop.n.oHiB. y 'tJOMY 3BOJib, rocno,n:H Eo.iKe, 6narOCJIOBMTH IM (JI.OBCCTH QIO cnpasy) .n:o KiHQH. IJTo..4!tp en o8iihw I( 1(9p011Jl

Cme¢ana

1591, JI.H.H 2 6epe3H.SI, y BiJibHi noMep oo'Kmop mewwzii" KCbOH.D.3 AHTOHi Apiac 3 Gpoeuy E3Ji"miB, .HKMi16yn po.IJ.OM 3 IcnaHil, cnosi.nPoKy Eo.JKoro

HHK KopoJJ.SI CTe¢aHa. U:e 6yn MY:>K CBHT06JIHBOro .iKMTTH, KOTpm1 3a.lf.JJ.H

384

KHllrA II CDOIX l.lHOT

ll060>KHOI'O >K11TT.Sl 6yn m a HOBa JUIJJ

CThOJI )' K<lTO.TIJll\I>KOJ'O p11.MCX..KOrO .

CaMifMJI l'OIIIITCJHIMJ1 KO-

Jior·o CJIOt.JaTK}' JJOXODa.Jl l1 y 3811t.ta iJHO-

MY rpo6i n oM i>K iHLUJ1X JJOMep; mx t.teHuin, a.ne Ha n eJIMKe npoxaHH.H ocnit.teHoro KHR3.H Ha O ; mui

H ecni>Ki 1ro r o MOCTi n aHa MMKOJiaSJ KpmuTocpa

Pa,n.a nniJIJia, niJieHChKoro BOE'BOJJ:I1, 6yJJo n e p e H eceHo .n:o KanJJHUi 6JiarocJJoBeHHOI .ll i n u Mapil, U\0 y TO.MY

)f(

KOCTbOJJi 3 npaaoro 6oKy, ,lle t.tHTaJOTb

nocJiaHHH. J.Uo J].i~LTIOC.H D

if.uui pOKH,

HHHi )J.iETbC.H

OllHCaHJHI iiiUIHMH XpOHiCTaMH

6y.D.e .LJ:i.H'THC.Sl, .S1 3aJJHI.Ua JO )J.JISI

ll· ,l(O;-(aM TiJibl01 i 1\HM 3aKiH t.ty nepwy

1608 poey .lf.y>Ke BCJIJ-iKY t.tacnmy KOCTCi1 CB~ITHX pHMChKHX My"IeHIIKiB 6)'JIO nepeHCCCHO i 3 BCJIIIKOIO llOUJaHOIO npm1H.SITO )1.0 KOCTbOJJiB OpiJeHy c3)'i'mie .H:K y lloJihi.Ui , Tai< i y B eJIUIWMY KH.SI3incToi JbnonchKoMy . t.t<lCTHH)', ll\0

•

!fTO/IbiUQ

i~um6a

c.JZa (JJI.R m 1>CJ1 7.yiJeca.M. u ci}JZmul(

KHHrA II

qACTHHA II KHMrH II, y KOTplH MICTHTbC.H ... • v

ODUC

. .

•

npOBlH~III

Ta BO€BO)J;CTB

BEJIMKOrO KHH3IBCTBA JIMTOBChKOrO I HAMrOJIOBHIIIIMX MICT

.eJII-IKe KHR3iBCTBO JhiTOBCbKe 06wup· Hicmb

.9lumo8Cbl(9i JeM.IIi

.9lumo8c&~

'(H5lJi8cm8o noiJi.MiembCJI. Ha 8od}oiJ-

cm8a

!!Tpanop 'J3eJI UI(SJZO '(H5lJi8cm6a .91umolJcbi(SJZO

po3TarnosaHe np11 pycbKOM)' Kop,noHi, mo HaJie)f(MTb .no BeJIMKoro KHHaiscTsa MocKOBCbKOro. I3 3axo,ny BOHO Mae fliMHliiliiH, Ma3osi10, IloJihmy Ta flpycciiO, RI<i Ha niBH0'1i np11JIRfaiOTb _no Jli1TBI1 Ta )KMylJ.i, aHa niB.U.Hi- ,U.O BOJIHHCbKHX Ta no,niJibCbKMX Kpa'iB. I..J:e KHH3iBCTBO _ny)f(e BeJIMKe, BKJIIO'tJa€ 6araTo KH.H3iBCTB, ,nep)f(aB Ta nposiH~i:H I I (c.l09) 3 pi3HHMH Ha3BaMM. 3a qaciB seJIHKOro KHR3H JIHTOBCbKOro BiTOBTa :Horo KOp.U.OHI1 cRraJIM si.n. l..JopHoro MopH (Euxyny) i XepcoHecy Tanpi:HcbKoro a){( .u.o 3aTOK EanTiMcbKoro Ta KypJI.HH,ACbKOro Mopis, .n.o iHcpJI.HH,nCbKMX Ta npyccbKHX 6eperis . Yce ~e KHR3iBcTso no,niJIRETbCR, HI< i floJihma, Ha noeso,u.cTna, noniTM Ta npoBiHQii, B KOTpHX liiJIHXTa npOBO.li,HTb ( OKpeMi) napTMKJJI.HpHi Ta 3eMCbKi CYlJ.H. A Qi llOBiTH Ta B0€80/l,CTBa MO)f(YTb BBa)KaTHC51 KH513iBCTBaMI1, 60 KOJIHCb 6yJio 6araTo KHH3iB. Ko)f(He soeso,ncTBO MaE csi:H npanop, 3 HKI1M i,ne Ha BiMH)'. I..J:eii )Ke rep6 BHKOpHCTOB)'IOTb BCi npoBiHII.i'i Ta llOBiTH, KOTpi 3HaXO/l,51TbCH y IJ.bOMY B0€80/l,CTBi, TiJibKH BJiaCHe BOEBO.U.CTBa MaiOTb HaM6iJibliiMM npanop 3 ~noMa I<iHQHMH, a nosiTonHi1 npanop MaE 3a3BMqa:i1 TlJibKI1 O,AJ1H. H acaMnepe.n- npanop Bem·i l<oro KHSI3iBCTBa JlHTOBChi<oro 3 qoTMpMa KiHQSIMM .li,JIH Bi.D.MiHHOCTi Bi,n iHllll1X, Ma€ B co6i 60 JiiKTiB qepBOHOI KHTaMKH. Y HOfO U.eHTpi - BJiaCHHH rep6, T06TO "'OJIOBiK B o6Jia.zi.YHI<)', 51KI1H lliBH,AKO M"li1Tb Ha 6iJIOM)' KOHi, a Ha.ll, fOJIOBOIO .n.ep)f(HTb Me"l y npaBiM BI1T.flfHJTiM pyu.i. Ha sepxisu.i rep6a KHH3iiKbKa lllanKa, a Ha .n.pyroMy 6ou.i npanopao6pa3 y COHII.i Hai1cn.HTirnol ,lJ.is11 Mapi'i 3 HeMOBJI.HTKOM, 3 HaUJHM CnacMTeJieM rocno.n.oM Xp11CTOM. Ilpanop HaiirOJIOBHirnoro reTbMaHa JIHTODCbKOfO p11U.apCTBa Te)K Ma€ qoT11p11 KiHI.(i, Jia3ypoBOf0 KOJibopy. 3 O.ll.HOfO 6oKy: rep6 BeJIMKoro KH.H3iBCTBa JlMTOBCbKoro, To6To "'OJIOBiK a o6Jia.n.yHKY 3 Mel.JeM, y qepsoHoMy noJii, aHa .n.pyroMy 6ou.i- o6pa3 CB.HTOro CTaHicJiasa, KpaKiBCbi<OfO €fl11CI<Ona.

386

KHMrA II

BIJIEHChKE BO€BO~CTBO BiJ1bHO- sem.m e i nt1UJJJe MicTo, u.e CTOJIIII.l..H BCbOfO KHSI3iBCTBa; BOHO J1e)f<J1Tb Mi)K ropaMM Ha)J. piKaMl1 BiJ1 iEJO T a Bin hHOIO, ni.u SI KOI MaE cs01o Ha3ny . BoHo OT0'4eHe .uonKoJ1a M)'pOM i caMo € My ponaHiiM. Y HbOMY ,[(Ba 3aMKM, 36y,[(OBaHi OC06J1MBI1M KWTa.JITOM 3a neJIHKifll KOWT: O,[(HH CTOITb Ha To pi , a ,[(pyrMM- n ,UOJ1HHi , He,ll.aJieJ<O O,UHH Bi,U

OIIUC

'Jii.J1&HO

PiJ(a 'lJiJI&IIO

Pi1(!1 '1J ill ill

.upyroro. 3 O.llHOro 6oKy 3i cxo.uy lx OMHBa€ piKa Bin &Ha, a 3 .upyroro- BiJiiR, i TaM u.i .uui p it<M 3JIJ1BaiOTbC.H. Ane BiJihHa € MeHUJOIO, Bini.H )K 3Ha'4HO 6iJihllla, I.~e piKa CYJlHOTIJiaBHa, KOTpOIO 3BII'4ai1HO 3aKyniBJii M TOnapH Ha '40BHax, SIKi TaM IIa3HnaiOTh siqiHaMn, BeJ}'Th 3 BiJJbHa .uo npycchKoro no pry [,[(aHCbK. H a x.dii pi'4Ui € BeJJHKHI1 MicT, MypoaaHHH 3 o6ox KiHui n, I I (c. 110) a 3Bepxy KPHTHH roHTaMH. BiH 36y.uosaHHM '4I1Mam-1M KOlllTOM. Bo.ua y pi'4U.i npo3opa jJJ< KpnwTanh. Y U.bOMY MicTi 6JIJ13bKO copoKa xpaMiB pHMCbKOI Ta p ycbi<oi peJiiril , I<aM 'SIHMX Ta ,[(epeB '$IHHX. €nHCKOTICbKHM npeCTOJI 3HaxO,Ul1Tl>C$I y Kacpe.upanbHOMY KOCTbOJli en. CTilHiCJJasa. PycbRMM MMTponoJJHT MaE cso10 Raq>e,[(pyy neJIHKii1 PYChKii1 QepRBi H aMCB.HTilllOI ,lliBM, .HKY BOHH Ha3HBaiOTb npe'411CTOIO. A BChoro y JlMTOBChKOM)' J<H$I3i scrsi GOTHPH pHMChi<HX EnHCKoncrsa: BineHCbKe, )I{MY,[(ChKe, KHIBCbKe (Kijowskie) i 5IHOBCbKe, KpiM TMX, ~o Ha BoJIHHi,

T!UtCIJI(f

enuci({Jncm6a

81llum8i

T06To KHiBcbKOro i Jlyi.J.bKOro. KpiM TOro, HaJiiqyEThCSI ciM Hai13Ha'4HilllHX npo6o~crs, a6o )K cpap, SIKi 3acHYBaB i o6,[(apysas BJia,[(HCJiaB 5lraHJIO, KOTpHi1 JlHTByoxpecrHB: BillbKOMMpcLRe, MHllloroJJbCbKe, H eMeH'4l1HCbKe, M€,[(HHU.bKe, KpeBCbKe, 06oJieU.bKe i fai1cbKe. ApxiEnHcRon, KOTPHM € crapwHM Hal( 3ra,[(aH11Ml1 Jll1TOBCbKI1Ml1 €TII1CKOnaMI1, Ma€ CBOIO pe311,lJ.eHUiiO y JlbBOBi, y roJIOBHOMY pychROMY MicTi. PychKI1X BJla,[(MK TaKO)K ciM: fioJIOQhKHM, BoJIO,[(l1M11pcbKMi1, Jlyi.J.hKMH, TiiHChKI1M, K111BcbKMH, fiepeMHCbKMM Ta JlbniBCbKHH,

Pyc&l(j

8JIMui(Jl

SIKHH TaKO)K TMTYJI}'€ThC.H MJ·nponoJII1TOM. AJJ.e npo U.HX i npo pycbKY peJiiriiO 6y,ue CKa3aHO Hl1)1('4e np11 On11Ci pychKOi Ta MOCKOBCbKOI 3eMeJih. BiJieHChKe noEno.n:cTBo Ma€ qepsoHHM npanop 3 .n:soMa KiHQ$IMJ1, MicTHTh 35 JiiKTiB KHTai1KH. Ha o,n:HoMy 6ou.i y 6iJioMY noJii 3o6pa)KeHo rep6 BeJIHKOro KHSI3iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKOro. Ha .n:pyroM)' 6ou.i «KoJIIOMHH>> , ,u.pesHii1 rep6 Ill1ISIXT11, KOTpa 3 fiaJieMOHOM np11HI.IJJia 3 ITaJiii .uo JlwTBH. Mi)l( I.J.MMl1II.IJISIX-

'1.Jl'.M. i(J1I a npuuuuta

Tl1'4aM11 HatiroJiosHiwwMH6yJIH: llpocnep Ue3apiHYC 3 rep6a «KoJIIOMHiB», iJo 1llum6u ,lloscwpYHr (Dokspkong), ~o 6ys 3 rep6a «finou.eHTaspa», i IOJiiSI:H Ypc11HYc, J /mJlllii T06TO TOM, $IKI1H MaB Ha rep6i Be,[(Me,U.SI, i reKTOP 3 rep6a «PO)I(i». Bchoro )I( IX 6y110, SIK Til1lllY'fh, ,U.O n ' .SITHCOT (II.IJ1HXTl1'4iB)

387

(?] .

KHHrA II Y I.\hOMY noeno,ACTBi e TPH Hatl6i.nbmi nponiHuii, a6o noaiTM: OmhMSIHa, Epar.vms (Bratyslaw) i BiJihKOMHp, i KOmHa 3 HI1X Mae nnacHHH npanop, 3 RKMM BHXOJJ,HTb H3 BiifHy. Ow'bMJLua, JJ,epen '.HHe MicTetJKO 3a ciM MHJib ni.l( BinhHa. Ueii no niT .n.oCHTb neJIHKMH, y HbOM}' 'tJMMaJIO I I (c. Ill) KoponiscbKMX Ta lllJI.HXCTChKHX MiCTe'tJOK. qepBOHHM npanop no,ni6HMH ,li.O BiJieHCbKOfO, aJie Ma€ OJJ,HH KiHCIJ.b, a rep6 Ha HhoMy BeJIMKoro ICHSI3iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKoro. Bilt'b?CO.Atup- .n.epen'.HHe MicTe'tJKO Ha piKolO CsEHTOIO. Y HbOMY € cy.U.OBHH ,n.sip, ,n.e si.n.6yna€TbC.H WJI.HXeTCbKHH cy.n.. Ha BHCOKiif ropi 6ys 3aMOK, aJie i1oro npycchKi xpecTOHOCI.li cnaJIHJIH, npo mo MH nme nMcann. Tenep Ha l.liii ropi 3ri.n.Ho 3 cy,n.oBHM JJ,eKpeToM niJJ.npasJI.H€ TaM 3aciJJ,aHH.H, po36MBaiO'tJH TaM enol HaMeTM. Ue nenHKa nponiHU:i.H, .HKa npocT.Rr' • v • JiaC.H Ha ,lJ.BaJJ,I.l.HTb ll .HTb MHJib, y KOTplH 'H1MaJIO KOpOJilBCbKHX, lllJISIXCTCbK11X i .u.yxoBBHX MicTeqoK. Mae qepnoHMM npanop, Ha OJJ.HOMY 6oQi .HKoro rep6 BeJIHKoro KH.H3incTsa JIHTOBCbKaro, a Ha .npyroMy- o6pa3 en. apxaHrena M11xalna. Epa?Y£a6- .nepen,.HHe MiCTO, mo JIC)I{HTb 6iJI.H 03epa, 3a ,li,Ba.L\I.l.HTb MI1Jlb si.n. BinbHa. Dp11 HbOMY CTOITb 3aMoK Ha BI-ICOKiii ropi. Ha siiiHY 6paQJiancbKa lllJI.HXTa BHXOJJ.HTb 3 qepaoHHM npanopoM 3 rep6oM BeJIHKoro KH.H3inCTBa JlHTOBCbKOfO. Ka:J1ifl- KaM '.HHHii 3aMOK i JJ,epen '.HHe MicTo, .HKe Jie)I(HTb HaJJ, OJJ.HOiiMeHHOIO piKOIO 3a JJ,Bi MMni niJJ, Epau:naaa. J(puc6Rm- I.le JaMOK HaJJ, W11pOKHM O)l.HOHMeHHHM 03CpOM, .HKHH Jie)I(HTb 3a n '.HTb MMJib Bi.A Epal.lllana.

TPO~hKEBO€BO~CTBO CTapi TpoKn - 1-le .nepen'.SIHe MicTo, .HKC KOJIMCb 6yJIO 06HeCeHe KaM'.SIHOIO CTiHOIO, p)'IHH SIKOI me 36eperJIHC.H, Me iioro KaM'j=ma 3a6y.nona 6yna 3pyi1Hona1-m npyccbKIIMII xpecTOHOCQ.HMH. BoHo po3TawonaHe 3a n'SITL MHJib ni~ Bim~Ha. i1oro 3aMoK CTOITb nocepe.A o3epa HaJJ. piKOIO BaKoiO 3a t.IOTHPH MHJii ni~ BiJihHa; niH npeKpacHo y~<pin nenHi1, Myponai-nfl1 . Y I~hOM}' BO€BO)l.CTBi '40TIIp11 BCJIHKI1X Ta 31-lat.IHHX noBiTH: rpo~HCHCbi<Hi1, KoneHCLKIB1, JliJ.tCbKJu'i Ta YniTCLKliH. Honi TpoKI1' . . ' . . l.lC ~epen HHC MICTO, }' HKOM}' € I<IJibiGUI<lJJ.QSITb KaM HHHQb 1 KlllhKa M)'pOnaHJ1X KOCTbOJiiB; nocepCJJ. 03epa CTOITb MyponaHHH 3aMOK, llKI1H t.I}',UOBO Ha,ll.a€TbC.H ,UJIH o6opoHH; 1~e1'i 3aMoK crohh Ha.n. pii<OIO Bai<oiO y t.IOTHpbOX M11JISIX ni.n BinuHa. Y U:LOMY noeno.n.cTni '40TI1p11 neJIMKHX i 3Hat.tHHx noniTn: fpOJJ.HCHCbKHI1, PoneHCbKMH, JliJJ.CbKHH, YniTCbKHi1. Tpoi}HO- I_{C ,uepeB' SIHC MiCTO i MyponaHm1 33M OK Ha narop6i, SIKC JIC)f(HTb Ha~ pii<OIO HiMaHOM. U.H cnaaHa piKa cy.n;HOnJianHa, HeiO BC3YTh TOnapH 3 JlHTBI1lJ..O fll.aHCl>Ka. Ueii noBiT oxonJIIO€ ,uy)f(e BeJim<y TepHTopilo, 51KY paHime nBa)f(aJIH KH.H3incTBOM. Dpanop na3yponoro I<OJihOpy 3 OlJ..HIIM Khn~eM, Tai<m1 caMHi1, HI< i BeJIHKoro I<HH3iBcTna JIHTOBCbi<oro, TYT 3o6pa)f(CHI1i1Bepun-IHK B 06Jia,uym<y 3 MC'-ICM i T. JJ,.

388

KHlirA II KOlmO- I~e BCJIIIKC )J.epen'.SIHC MiCTO, SIKC JJC)J(IITb Ha/~ CJiaBHI1MI1 piiG\MII HiMaHor.I Ta BiniEIO, y HhOMY '-IItMaJIO ;~epen'SIHIIX 6y.n:ImKin.

(c. 112)

Ha narop6i Mi)l< o6or.·t a piKar.ui CTO.iTI> crap11ii Myp<maiHtii 3a~101<. Ha niln1y IIL'I.HXTa BliXOil.IITb nt)l3CMCbKIIl\l Jla3)'pOBIIM npanopOM.

JJiaa- llCpeD' .HIIC TIOBiTOBC MiCTCt.JKO, .SIKC Ma€ M)'pOBC1HJllvl 3a!vt0K, ll.C 3Bl1llaiiHo nb6yua10TbC5l m.~1.HXCTCbi<i cy.nn. 3eMChKIIH npanop 11a:1yponoro KOJibOpy.

Y11ima E nponinu.ilmwM )l.epen'm-tiiM MiCTC\IKOM; noniT neJIHKIIi1, JlO HbOro

HaJIC)I(HTh

t.IHMaJio MicTCt.J.OK. Bono TC)IC, .HK i iHmi noniTu nhoro uoE-

no.ucTna, MaE npanop. f1panop TpOUbKOJ'O BOEBO).I.Cfl3a Ma€ )l.Ba Killl~i , MiCTIITh

35 JliKTin

KM-

TafiKn Jia3yponoro KOJJoopy; Ha HbOMY 3o6p<l)KCHO rep() BeJmi<oro KH51 :JinCTna JII1TOI3ChKOrO: )' t.ICpBOHOM)' IIOJii nepUIHIIK B 06JIC.l)l.)'l-IK)' :1 MC'ICM.

MIHChKEBO€BO~CTBO M i HCbK- u.e neJmKe .nepen'.HHe MicTo, 3aMOK 36y.n:osaHHH3 .n:epena, ane np11po.n:o10 i DHri.n:HnM Micu:eM niH .li.OCTaTHbO )'KpinJICHMH, OTOt.ICI·IUJ1 rJIM60KJ1M poBOM, K0Tpm1 HallOBHlO€ BO)l.OlO piKa, 6araTa rycTo nocTaBJlCHHMH MJIHHaMIL Tipanop u~>oro noniry qepnoHoro KOJlbOp)' 3 )l.BOMa KiHI.l.SIMH, )' 6iJIOM)' TIOJii 306pa)l(CHO BCplllHHKa B o6Jia)l.)'HK)'3 Met.IeM. YHbOM)'TiJibKH o.n:x-m Pet.IHll.bKMM noniT, SJKMI1 MaE TaKHM CaMMM npanop, TiJibKM 3 O,li.HHM KiHQCM.

KeiioauiB- ue 3aMOK 3 MicTet.IKOM, .HKHM po3TarnonaHHi1 3a 25 MI1Jib si.n. BiJihHa.

PaiJow:Koeu1.ti- ue 3aMOK 3 MicToM. T)'T nOJibCbKHI1 KopOJib CMri3M)'H.ll: ABryCT)' 1568 p. nepenHcysaB CBO€ TIOHa.n: CTOTMC$1t.IHC BiMCbKO npOTM MOCKOBMTlB.

Eopucoe-l.le .n:epen'.siHe MicTo, 11oro 3aMOK .n.ocuTI> yi<pinJieHMM 6alllTaMM H napKaHaMM, 60 Mi)l( napKaHaMM Ha6MTa 3CMJI.H, KaMiHb Ta iHlllMH MaTepian 3a.n:m1 Kpamol npoTM.D.il nopory. PiKa Bepe3HHa npoTiKaE .n:osKoJia 3aMKy,

mo CTOiTb 3a copoK MHJib si.n: BiJibHa. U e MicTo po3TallloBa-

He 6iJI.H MOCKOBCbKOrO KOp.n;oHy. BJiaCHOrO npanopa BOHO HC MaE, aJie B HbOM)' 3aB)l()l.M nepe6yBaE BOEHHMH rapHi30H qepe3 He6e3neKy BOpO)KO· ro Hana.n:y. 1

J!02oUC'b1C- QC MiCTO i .n:epeB .HHMH 3aMOK, SJI<i po3TalliOBaHi 3a BiciM MHJib Bit( Eop11cona.

CeiCillJit- 3aMoK 3 MicTet.IKOM Ha.n: O)J.HOHMCHHOIO piKoiO. Eo6pyUCb'K- 3aMOK a MicToM Ha.n: piKoiO Eepe3HHOIO. OiJpyy'b'K- .n:epen 'SJHMH 3aMoK Ha BMCOKii1 ropi. BiH KOJII1Cb BBa)KaBCR KHH3iBCTBOM, aJie Tenep "tJHMaJIO pyCbKOi lliJISJXTM Ma€ 3BaHHH QbOfO KHSJ3iBCTBa.

389

KHHrA II

HOBfOPO,l(ChKE BO€BO,n:CTBO I

I (c. 113)

HosropoJJ:OK- nenm<e .n.epen 'RHe MicTO, KOJII1Cb 6yno CTOJIIU~eiO yJl.iJibHMX KHR3iB, ane Tenep I...(C KHR3iBCTBO nepeTBOpeHe Ha BO€BO,ll.CTBO. llpanop 3 Jl.DOMa KiHI...(RMM qepBOHOfO KOJlbOpy, TaKin1 caMuii, RK BeJiuKoro KH.H3iBcTsa.JbnoncbKoro: 'iOJioniK n o6Jia.n.yHKY Ha 6inoMy KoHi a Me'ieM . BoHo Ma€ .n.na noniTH: C;roHiMCbKI1H Ta BoJIKOBHikhKMi1.

C!w'H.iM- .n.epea'siHi MicTo i1 cTiHH HaBKOJIO HbOro, I<OJIHCh ue 6yno

. . . . . .. Y.l1.1JlbHe KH.H31BCTBO JIHTOBCbKMX I<HH3JB, 1 pa30M 31 CBOIMI1 BOJIOCTHMI1 BOHO ssa:>Ka.nocR KH.H3incTBOM, ane noTiM nepeTnopeHe Ha nponiHqiio. BmwpHCTOB)'€ qepnoHHfl npanop BeJIMI<oro KH.H3iBCTBa liMTODCI>Koro 3 OJl.HMM KlHI...(CM.

BOAKoeu.ucoK - umpoKe MicTo, y HI>OMY € cy.n.onMi1 JJ:Bip, J];e po3rJIRJJ:aiOTbcsx lliJISIXCTCbKl cnpaBM. l\-1cmu6oe- ,n;epea '.HHi MicTO :H 3aMOK, po3TamosaHi Ha piBHMHi nocepeJJ: 60JIOTI1CTOf0 CTaBy, Ha MiCI..~i , SIKe yKpinHJia caM a npMpo.n.a, 3a .ZJ.Bi MHJii Bi}J; BonKOBHHCbKa. Honropo,n;cbKe noEno,n;cTBO 3i 3ra,n;aHI1MI1 noniTaMH MicTHTb 'iHMaJio . . . KOpOJIIBCbKHX 1 WJIRXeTCbKHX M1CTeliOK.

EEPECTEHChKEBO€BO~CTBO l iepeCTSI - BeJIHKe .n.epeB '.RHC MiCTO, RKe po3TawosaHe Ha JIMTOBCbKOMY Kop.noHi 3 Tii.li:;HIUIW.sJM. BoHo Ma€ np11 C06i um:pOKMH .n.epen'RHI1i1 3aMOK, )'KpinJieHMH npnpO.D.OIO Ta BHfi,D;HHM Micu;eM, :Horo BMri.n.Ho OMHBaiOTb .n;ni piKM: o.n.Ba- Eyr, .n.pyra- Myxaseu:h. BMKOpHcTony€ npanop Ben11Koro KHSI3incTna JlHTOLKbKoro, na3ypoaoro KOJihopy, 3 .ll.BOMa KiHU:RMM; y qepBOHOMY IlOJii neplliHIIK B 06Jia,n;yHK)' iT. ,ZJ.. Y HbOMY 0/1.11H liOBiT, ane BCJI11KI1H i npeKpaom:il, I...(C- TiiHCbKl1H. JliltCb'K- .lJ.OCI1Tb BCJII1KC .n.epen 'SIHC MiC'fO Ha,D; piKOJO

TI pun' .RTTIO. L(R

piKa, npo6irUII1 liepe3 6araTO p)'CbKMX MicTC'iOK, Dna)J.a€ )' ,li,Hinpo- pi'IK)', cnanHy a ycii'I CapMaTi'i. Ue MiCTO 3i cnoi'MH BOJIOCT.HM11 I<OJII1Cb rnaHyuanoc.n .RK KH.R3incTno, a.ne

6yno 3aXOTIJICHe BCJI11K11M KH.sJ3eM JIHTOBCLKHI\1 fe)J.HMiHOM i ,lJ.aHe

y.n.iJII>HHM KII.H3.HM ;mToHCI>KHM. Tenep noHo nepeTiwpeuo Ha nponiHI\iiO. lilJIRXCTChKMrl npanop u:ooro nouiTy Jia3yponoro I<OJioopy, Ma€ TaKHil DI1fJIR.ll., HK i npanop Bem1Koro KHRJiBCTRa JlnTOBChKoro: t.JOJIOBiK B o6Jia.u.yHKY i T. ,lJ..

npun Rmb (Perepet) - 3aMOK i MicTO ua.n. O.lJ.HOlviMCHHOIO piKOIO, p03TalllOBaHi Ha 3p)'"l!HOM)' Micu:i. IJ.Illli p)'CbKi BO€BO,lJ.CTl3a Ta nOBiTM, KOTpi HaJie)KaTL ,ll.O Jli1TBII: BoJIJ1Hb, KMin, McTucnan, BiTe6ch1<, TioJIOU:bi< iT. JJ:., 6y)J.)'Tb no)J,aHi y TpeTiii KHlf3i up11 on11ci Pyci.

(c. 114)

390

KHIIr A II

)KQBHIPChKI APTI1KYJII1 Y BEJII1KOMY KH5!3IBCTBI JIJ1TOBCbKOMY, YXBAJIEHI HA fEHEPAJibHOMY CEHMI I 3ATBEP,U)KEHI TA ,l(Al-II Pl1L(APChKI1M JIIO,l(.HM .HCHOBEJihMQ)KHI1M ITAHOM fPI1fOPI€M XO,l(KEBJ1qEM, BIJIEHCbKI1M KAlllTEJI.HHOM, HAI1BI1W:11M fETbMAHOM BEJIMKOfO KH.H3IBCTBA JIHTOBChKOfO, MY)KEM, fl,l(HI1M Blt.IHOi fiAM'51TI JIacxaeo.My "iuma"iy J larnaeuu '~tuma'liy. Tu 31-tailoeut mym :JICOB1-lipCbKi cmamymu, .RKi 6yJLu yxe(J.JU;H.i 1ia BaJL'b1iOMY ceii..ui BeJLu'Kozo 'KU.R:Jiecmea JlumOBCb'Kozo, 'Kompi R'KOAwza cmuc;w 3 'Hail6iftow.mo cmapan'Hicmw onucani ox01W oifiiPJ•CMo. Tu, npuu'H.fl.emu ?&W namy eipny npa'/&W, cnooieauCR eio nac 6ift'bmux cnjJaB. ApTHKYJI nepwHif. 1 Ko)l(eH, XTO 3060B JI3aBCJI CJIY)KHTH :Horo KOpOJiiBCbKiM MOCTi, Ma€ HeO.n;MiHHO nepe6ynaTH Ha cJiy)l(6i .no o6yMoBJieHoro qacy. R'Kll(O )I( .naJii )I(OBHipcbKa CJIY)I(6a 6y.ne oroJioiiieHa ii npo.noa:>KeHa, a :>KOBHip He Ma€ oxoTM .UaJii CJIY)I(MTM, aHa nepwiw qacTHHi (Yi) He OOrO.UHTbCJI, TO.Ui HaKa3aHY MOM}' cJiy:>K6y Ma€ HeCTH i B Mai16YTHhOMY KBa pTaJii. II. Hexai1 )I(O.lJ:eH He HaBa)l(y€TbCJI CJIYJKHTH y qy)f(OM}' o6Jia.U.YHKY ni.n cTpaxoM nTpaTH qecn. III. .HKII.(O :>K 3Haii.n;eTbCJI TaKHH, XTO ,li,O 3aKiHqeHHJI CBO€I CJIY)I(611 BHi.zr.e 3 Ta6opy, TO.U.i BiH Ma€, KOJIH IIIJISIXTJ.f1l, DOHeCTH Bi,n;noBi.U.HY Kapy, a KOJIH Tl.Jl£6eU, TO 6yr11 CTpaqeHHH. IV. Cnap aHi *O.U.HHX 3aBopyiiieHb MiJK co601o )KOBHipH He noBMHHi llOl.{HHaTH ni.n CTpaXOM BeJIHKOI KapH. V. .HK6H XTOCb i3 pHqapcTBa, a oco6JIHBO 3 nixoTH, 36poro, ,n;aHy HOM}' npoTH nopora, a6o )I( KiHHOTHHK cnoro KOHJI, Ha KoTpOM)' :H.u.e n 6iti, nporpan y xocTi a6o KapTH, To,zd i Tot!, XTO n11rpan, i TOH, mo nporpan, o611.zr.na MaiOTb 6yr11 DOKapaHi lliM6eHMQeiO. VI. RK6H XTOCb KHHYBCH 6HTHCH a6o JiaHB Heri,n;HHMH cJionaMH reTbMaHa, a6o poTMicTpa, a6o cnoro .u.ecHTHHKa, a6o ue nqMHHB CJIYra mo.n;o naHa, TO TaKHH Ma€ 6yr11 DOKapaHHM CMepTIO. VII. RK6H XTOCb TaKMM 3JIOl.{HH Bl.{MHHB mo.n;o Ta6oponol cTopo)f(i, a6o He XOTIB HeCTH .zr.opyqeHY HOM}' CTopoJKy, a6o BMIXaB 6e3 reTbMaHCbKOI BOlli, TO TaKHH Ma€ 6yr11 llOKapaHMti CMepTIO, xi6a II(O MOrO ~eCb nopH.U.Ha CTO· po)l(a nepexon1111a 6. VIII . .HK6H XTOCb nopaHHB Koroc&, XTO nepe6ynan y xopyrn11 ni~ qac BO€HHOrO noxo~y, TO TaKMH Ma€ 6yTJi o6eaqeii(eHHM i CKapaHHM Ha CMepTb. IX. .Hx6H XTOCb 3 nixoTH He TPMMaBCH cnoro MicQH Ha cTopo)f(i, a6o DOKHH}'B HOrO AJISI $1KOicb CBO€i noTpe611, a6o He 6ya y BO€HHMX meperax, a6o

391

KHHrA II 3aCHYB n\A '4aC CTOpo~i, a6o CBOIO C.Jl}')K6y Hie He,n:6ano i JJiHMBO, a6M.HK, TO TOM)', XTO nepenip.H€ CTOpO)Ky, BiJJbHO TaKOrO B6MTI1 Ha Micui; a .HKmO TaKOrO npMBe.z:t:}'Tb ,l\0 reThMaHa, TO Hexai1: 6y,lle o6e3'4emeHMH i CKapaHMH Ha CMepTb.

X. RK6H XTOCh, Ko'rpoMy ,llopyqMJIM HecTH cTopo)Ky B noJii a6o Ha Mypi ( cpopTeui), 6e3 ,n:o3no.ny reThMaHcbKoro po3MOBJJ.HB 3 noporoM i 6yn 611 y l.{hOM)' B11Kp11TI1M CBi,D.'4eHH.HM, TO 3a TaKHM 3JI0'411H niH Ma€ 6}'TH CKapaHHH HacMepTb.

XI. RK6H HK1n1ch )KOBHip nocMiB npHCBOITM ,llaHi i:foMy 3i CKap6y KopoJJ.H if. M. rapMaTHi K}'JJi, nopox tnt .SIKy-ne6y.n.h iHliiY piq 3 .uo6pa KopoJJ.H M:. M., TO TaKI111:6e3 )KQ)l,HOrO MHJJOCep,D..H )KaJIIOri,D.HOIO Ta raHe6HOIO CMepTIO Ma€ 6}'TH noKapaHHM. I I (c. 115) XII . .H'K6M XTO nepexonynaB y CBOEMY ,noMi lllnMryHa, nocJJaHoro noporoM, a6o )K npo .HKoroch Tai<oro .n.oni.n:anc.H i He noni,noMHB, To TaKMM Ma€ 6yTH qaepTOBaHMM.

XIII . .HK6H XTOCh ni.n qac 6MTBH '4:11 CJIOBOM CBOIM iHlllOMY

)1,0

cyTHqKH BTiK 3-ni.n xopyrnH a6o JK BTeqj llOKa3aB lliJI.HX, TO TaKHM BTpaqa€ "lleCTb i

)I(HTT.H; TaK CaMO Ma€ 6yTM llOKapaHMM i TOI1:, XTO ni,n qac He6e3rreKH He ni,nHic 36poi Ha nopora.

XIY. RI<6H XTOCh n.n.epc.H y sopo:>Ky 3eMJJIO (6e3 .n:o3no.ny) reThMaHChKoro i rro,naB TaKHM qJtrHOM Boporoni .HKHMCb rrpMBi,D., TO TaKMH BTpaqa€ JKHTT.H.

XV.

Ili.n qac oroJIOllleHH.SI napon.H KomeR monHip Ma€ CTO.HTH cnoKii1-

HO y CBO€M)' nop.H,1I,K}'. A .HK6H KOTpMHCb 6yn 3HaH,D.eHHH Ha CTOpOHi i He 3HaB napon.H, TO nTpaqaE :>KMTT.H.

XVI. IlicJI.H no,naHH.H c11rHany Tpy6oro Ha cnoi<ii1 )l<o.n.eH y Ta6opi He

...

llOBHHeH Hl.HKOfO KaJiaTaHH.H "'.JI1 KpJ,1K)' B'-111H.HTH nl.LJ. CTpaXOM T.H)l{KOI KapH.

XVII. RK6H XTOCh ni.n qac oronollleHH.H napon.H noqaa .HI<yCb cnapK)' a6o BHCTpenHB 3 PYliiHHI..d no nopory, TO TaKHM nTpaqaE )I<HTT.H.

XVIII. Ili.n uei1 qac Hexai1 HixTo He XO.D.HTb .D.O KOpt.IMH i He ne,D.e Hi"llHHX 6eHKeTiB ni,n CTpaXOM T.H)l{KOI KapH. XIX. )Ko,neH i3 )l{OBHipin Hexai1 He Haua)l{y€TbC.H Hi n Koro Hiqoro CHJIOIO 3a611paTH nill. cTpaxoM 6yrH nouimeHHM. RI<6H :>K nonp11 crpax KapH B3.HB moch 3'IcTl1 "111 BHllHTH, mo KOUlT)'BaJIO 6 O,l{I1H rpilll, TO 6e3 )l{O)l,HOfO MHJIOcep,n.H HeXaH 6y.n.e CTpa"llCHHM. XX. )Ko,neH )l{OBHip He nonHHeH HanamynaTHC.H .n.icTanaTn nponiaHT no CeJiaX 6e3 reTbMaHCbKOfO CJI)'ri1 i '4:11HHTII KOM)'Ch KpiiB,lJ.II ni,D. CTpaXOM BeJIHKOI Kapi·'I.

XXI.

lHo3eMQ.H a6o Heni,D.oMoro npH6)'JihU.H HixTo He noBHHeH npm1MaTH 6e3 reTbMaHCbKOfO ,ll,03BOJI)' ,li.O BiMCbKOl30I CJI)')I(611 ni,ll CTpaxOM T.SI)l{KOI KapH.

XXII. )Ko.n.eH He nonHHeH npHna6JIIOBaTH .LI.O ce6e o6il..\.SIHKaMH

411

no-

,D.apyHKaMH CJiyry iHliiOfO TOBapMrua t.IH ,D.eC.HTHI1Ka ni,n CTpaXOM T.SI:>KJ<Ol I<apH. XXIII. )Ko,lleH 3 p:ru~apcTna He nOBHHeH KOHei1, Ha KOTpi 6epe rpomi, nnpnran1 y nb a6o U){umani Ha cuo1o npuuaTHY noTpe6y, aHi II031.P·IaTH KOM)'Ch 6e3 reThMaHCbJ<OI'O /J.03BOJI)'.

392

Kl-1 II r A II XXIV. JIK6u XTOCb 3a6pan cuJIOIO I ~OCb y Toro. xTo npm3e3e nponiaHT ~0 Ta6opy, TaKiti'i 1'vta€ 6)'TII IUII6CHHUC10 DOKap<HIHH.

XXV. 5IK6u XTOCb m1iimon 3 Ta6opy Ha UIJU!X .LVHI KyniBJii npouiaHTy, a6o nepemKOJJ.II iHmnM, a6o JJ.JI.H raHe6uoro 3HCK)', 3a qe TaKHi1 MaE 6yn1 noKapaHm1. XXVI.llloJ\O npOJl3..)KY i1 KyninJii

i")l<i Ta llliTTJI, To u.iHH MaE ncTaHOBJIJO-

naTu noJII>Hml reThMaH.

XXVII. A .HKU{O

XTOCb nepe~ m13Hal.JeHH.HM uiHM 1':'1 ouiHKOJO ~ocb Ky-

nHTh, TO noKyneu,b no36anJI.H€TbC.H rpomei1, a npoAaneu,b- pe"'i, .HKY npo.l(a€; TaKO)K UC CTOC)'ETbC.H

MTOfO,

KOTpnii npOJ~aCTb ~OCb .l(CUICBlUC, Hi)l(

)'XBaJIHTb fCThMaH.

XXVIII. Ha raii.n.yKiB,

noCJJaHHX reTbMaHoM, 11{06 BOHI1 cniHMaJIM 3JIO-

quHuin, HiXTO He ll01311IIeH Kl1)l.aTI1C.H 3 HCnpHCTOOHHMI1 CJIOBaMM ni,lJ. CTpa... . . . XOM T.H)KKOI Kapu; TaKO)I( HlXTO nl)l. BTpaTOIO l.JCCTI He DOBI1HCH 3Hena)KaTH TaKOfO, XTO 3fil(HO 3 HaKa30M CnOIX 3BepXHI1Kin npOBO~HTb CJii~CTnO.

XXIX. naHone poTMicTpH a6o )I( Ha'IaJibHHKH niikhKa nOBHHHi l.JCCHO ni)l.nOnicTl'l: CKiJihKI1 )KQBHipin BOHH XOl.J)'Tb MaTH)' CBOEM)' IIOJIK)'. AJie )1(0)l.CH ni)l. CTpaXOM TJI)I(KOI Kapu He IlOBMHeH npuifMaTH )).0 niHCbKOnoi CJl)')K-

611

6e3 reTbMaHCbKOfO .l(03BOJI)' 06HnaTeJJ.H l.JH Miu~aHHHa 3 3aMK)' a60 3

MiCTa, KOTpe o6opOH.H€.

XXX. Ko)l(eH poTMicTp a6o *

Ha'laJibHMK niifcbKa noBMHeH cysopo ne-

pecTepiraTH, ~o6 .D.OBipeHoro HOM)' 3aMK}' a)l( 11.0 ocTaHHboi cMepTeJibHOI 3arp0311 He na)l<HnC.H ni)l.)l.aBaTI1 ni)l. CTpaxOM nTpaTM 'lCCTi if )KMTT.H.

XXXI. )I.ec.HTHHKH 1'1 TonapHllli y pa3i, .HK~o poTMicTp, 6opoHH Eo)Ke, XOTin 6H niMaTH noporoBi 3aMOK, llOnHHHi MOfO CXOllHTM M ni.l(.l(aTH reTbMaH)'.

(c.

XXXII.

116)

PoTMicTp a6o Hal.JaJibHHK niiichKa nonMHeH oco6HcTo ~o)l.eH

HO nepenip.SITI1 3aMHKaHH.SI Ta ni)l.KpHBaHH.SI3aMKiB )' 3aMKOBiH 6paMi, a B 'laC Hecnp11.SITJIHnHif He ro)l.MTbCJI ix si,nKpHnaTM. BHo'Ii *niH nonHHeH MaTH scix )I(OnHipis y JaMKy.

XXXIII. )Ko)l.Horo

He cJii,n snycKaTH .no 3aMKY, noKM .l(aCTb npo ce6e

neBHe CBi)l.OU,TnO: XTO niH € a6o HaBi~o npHHlllOn. JIKlU:O niH nKaJKe CJl)'lllH)' npHtiHH)', TO TiJibKH CaM Ma€ 6yru Bll)'~CHHi1)l.O 3aMK)', 6e3 CJI)'f, a u;i (c.nyru) He nonHHHi 6)'TH sny~eHi .l(O 3aMK)' 6e3 reTbMaHCbKOI BOJli.

XXXIV.

JIK6M xTo-He6y)l.h 3 *OBH ipin, oco6JIMBO nilllHif, cnaniJibHO

niillOB )l.O BOpO)KOI 3eMJii 3a)l.JI.SI 3)l.0611"4i, TO IX Tpe6a KapaTH CMepTIO.

XXXV. RK6H KOM)'Ch nHnaJio Jri)l.HO 3 nop.SI)l.KOM HecTH cTopo>Ky, a niH 611 Ha HiH He 6ys npHC)'THiH, TO TaKHH BTpaqa€ )J(MTTSi.

XXXVI. 51K6H XTOCh Hie CJI)'*6Y Ha cTopo)l(i, Me, He qeKaiO'l.JH )l.pyroi cropo)J(i (Ha 3MiHy), Bi)l.'ixan, BTpaqae )J(HTT.H.

XXXVII. KoMy np11:na,ne HeCT.M cTopo>Ky, a niH 3aHe~6as 611: ~IO CJI}')J(6y qepe3 flHJIU,TBO a6o rpaHH.SI B KapTM, KOCri iT. )l.., TO TaKMH BTpaqa€ 'l.JeCTb 1 >KMTT.sl.

XXXVIII. )l(o~eH 3 poTMicTpin i

TonapucTna He noBHHeH BHXO~HTH

ia 3aMKY j CBO€ )J(OnHipCTBO He CMi€ IlOCHRaTM B >KO~Hi IlOCOJlbCTBa 6e3

393

KIIMr A II reTbM<UICbKOI'O ,l\03BOJJ)', OC06JU1DO KOJIH reTbMaH TaM npHC)'THiM, ni,A CTpaXOM BeJIIIKOJ KapH.

XXXIX. RK6H XTOCb nunaJJ.KOno 3Haihuos pit.I, TO HixTo He nost-meH Ji 36epiraTH y ce6e npoT.HroM Hot.Ji, a.11e cKa3aTM npo I~e poTMicTpy a6o reTb· MaHy ni.n crpaxoM mu6eHHU:i.

XL. JlK611 XTOCb i3 >KODHi pcma XO.U.HB 6e3 36poi, Ha RKY 6epe rpomi, To TaKoro Tpe6a UIMaraTI1 MOTY3KaMM (peMeHeM). XLI. )J(o.neH He nos11HeH HaBa)KynaTHC.R not.JMHaTM HiRKHX cnapoK y 3aMKY ni,A CTpaXOM 00611TTH KH.HMM, a XTO 6 Ha iHlllOfO ni.n.Hic 36pOIO, TO BTpat.Ia€ pyKy, a .siK6H nopannn Korocb, To nTpa t.IaE )KHTTR. XLII. ,li.JIR CJIYlliHOJ o6opon11 3aMKy, oco6mmo ni.u. qac o6nor11, HixTO 3 )KOBHipcTDa, RKe TaM nepe6yBa€ i IJ,bOfO 3aMKY 6opOHl1Tb, He OOBI·I HeH mKol{ynaTl1 npauj 3a.QJIH caMnx :>Ke ce6e.

XLIII. Ko>KeH 3 poTMicTpis Ta JlCC.RTHMKiB MaE nocTii1Ho HanqaTH cnoE >KOBHipcTBO TOrO, .RK KO:>KeH iJ :>KODHipiB Ma€ CTaTM y BiMCbJ<Y, B mepeHraX i B 6010, .H:K Hane>KHO i1 eq)eKTHBHO 3acToconynaTM CBOIO 36poro. HixTo He Ma€ 3aJIHlllaTH CTpiii ni}\ CTpaXOM CMCpTi.

XLIV. TosapHCTBO i1 JlCC.RTHMKM MaiOTb noBO)l.HTHC.si IIJ.O.l\0 csoro poTMicTpa npncToiiHo i1maHo6JIMBO He TiJibKH csoEIO pyKoiO, a ii cnosoM; TaK CaMO i pOTMiCTp He Ma€ HiKOrO 3 HMX 3HeBa:>KaTM a6o npOTli HHX nopunaTMC.si 3i 36pO€IO; .RKIIJ.O )I( XTO IIJ.O 3aBI1HMTb, TO MaiOTb HOrO CY.ll.I1TI1 H KapaTH BCiM TOBapHCTBOM i }leC.SITHHKaMH, a HOrO cynepHHK MaE 6yn1 ,l\aHHH reTbMaHOBi (Ha C)'.l\). XLV. .HKoH xTo-He6y.nb 3 TosapHcTna a6o caM nopy'iHHK He xoTis .noTPHMysaTHCH BHIIJ.C3ra.naHHX CTaTeii ni.n cTpaxoM nTpaTH qecTi i% )I(MTTH, He nOBO,li.HB ce6e npHCTOHHO i cnpaBeJJ.JIMBO, TO TaKoro pOTMicTp Ma€ Bi,l\iCJiaTH caMoMy reTbMaHosi niJl 3anopyKoiO i t.JeCTIO lliJI.HxeTcbKOIO. KiHCU:b )I(OBHipcbKHx apTI1KYJiiB BeJII1Koro KIUI3iBcTna JlHTOBCbKoro, KOTPHMM. JaKiH-

'iYETbC.H .U.pyra l..laCTI1Ha HaUIOI XpOHlKH.

XPOHIKA PYChKOi 3EMJII, 6 su(jii M-icmumbcJ1- cmucAuii onuc yci~ .Micm, 3a.M1(j6 i npo6iugiii, ty,o iii uaJteJICamb. 9Hym ma1(9JIC zeueaJtoziJ1- mu~ oa6Hi~ 1(HJ1-Ji{} ma MOHap;rj_fJ, 3 1(9mpu~ nimAu JHa~Hi ii 6eJtu1(j poDu ua Pyci ii y r:BeJtu1(9.My 1(HJ1-Ji6cm6i flumo6cb1(9.My. J2I. ge e

KHHfAIII

._,

HA CTAl)O~HII1 KJIEI1HO,l( BeJibMO)KHOrO po,n;y IX MOCTeH IIaHlB MI1IIIKOBCbKHX "

•

L(ei1 zep6 Jua'tf-1-lUU, a xmo yea:JIC'HO do uoozo npuiJueumoCfl, OiJpaJy no6a'ttumo y uooMy Map'Kzpaificoxuu ei3ep)'1-lO'K. q omupu opAu, UJ,O ceimRmoCR niiJ 30Aommo Kopoumo, YnoiJi61-l1010'tiUCR coH'l;!)O, .lle'111.Rmo noniiJ He6eca. A xpecm nocepea nid'Koeu 031-la'Llac ue 'll,f;O iuute .Jl'K cmarner<uy eipy pUAtC'bKoi· ?,!;epKeu. IJ.e i c oue'Ha npu1epaca opAie y Kopo'tli, ToMy JOnimep 1-laUBU'/,/f;UU Jrtac ix y caoi·u o6opoui. KopoAi u K'H.fl.3i netlamKu 'KJlaiJyrno ojJAa.Atu, I 3Ua'Lluicmo poay Tm-l3az 6ozu eiiNyea10mo. )/{ueu 3 'l;!;UM 'JUleiiuoooM, ¢wtifliR CJZaeHa, Hexau JICe mo6i UJ,aCmJl Cfl)'JICumo, RK CJl)!JfCUJW 3dae1ia. M [ ap'lj,i1i1 n [ amK08C'b1(UU1

.HCHOBEJibMO)KHOMY llAHY, :fioro MHJIOCTI IIAHY 3HrMYHTOBI MHlliKOBChKOMY, MAPKrPA<PY 3 MIPOBA, HAfiBMII1;0MY KOPOHHOMY MAPlllAJIKOBI, CTAPOCTI COJIEQbKOMY, HOBOMEHChKOMY, rOPO,ll;EIJ;hKOMY IT. ,ll;., MO€MYMHJIOCTHBOMY IIAHY I ,ll;OliPO,ll;I€BI

OCTaHHbOIO 03HaKOIO M}'ilpOi

JIJO.D.MHH E 11 nparHeHHH cJiy)I<HTH HacaMnep e.n. enol if niT'1H3Hi, a He iHo3eMHHM KparHaM. Tow , xTo npoTMBHThCH IJ;hoMy, Hi6H eTa€ HeB.lJ.H'1HMM Eoroni; Ba)KKO 3HaMTH y TaKoro He JincoaaHHM po3yM i HK)'Ch u;Hory. Uboro 6o}IJII.fC}I neJIHKi JIIO.D.H y cJiaBHMX pecny6JiiKax i BOJiiJIH CKpOMHO rrepeHOCHTI1 BCi He~aCT.a M rrpHrO,ZJ.H, Hi)K Heo6epe)KH0 i 3 BeJIHKOIO HeXiTTIO BMcryrraTH rrpOTM CBO€I crriJibHOI i roJIOBHOI .n.o6po.n.iiiKH. 0TaK rpeK ApHCTH.lJ., i.n.yqH Ha BHrHaHH.a, npOCHB 6oriB, ~06 BOHH ,ZJ.aJIH acpiHHHaM TaKe ~aCT.H, ~06 Ti 3MOI'JIH 3a6yr11 ApHcTH,ZJ.a. TyT .H He 6oiOC}I )KO,ZJ.Horo .n.oKopy. Ey.n.yq11 qy)KMHUeM, H rrpHE.lJ.HYIOC}I /1,0 3Ha'1HOrO 110JibCbKOrO Hapop,y .aK ,ZJ.O BJiacHoi niT'1H3HM, ocKiJihKM, 3a cJionaMM CoKpaTa, ,ZJ.Jijl .n.i}IJibHOi JIIO,ZJ.MHH 6aTbKiB~MHOIO € KO)I(Ha 3eMJI}I, OC06JIMBO Ta, JIKiM IJ;H JIIO,ZJ.MHa IIpHCBHTMJia Kpa~y '1aCTMHY CBOrO )I(MTT}I 3 6y,ZJ.b-HKMM 3,ZJ.06yrT.HM .n.o6poro iMeHi. KoJIM E 3 '111M iTH .n.o 6e3cMepT», To if qy)I(Oro cniTJia BMCTa'1MTb ,ZJ.JI.a rrpHKpacH . ToMy jl .n.oJiyqaJO ce6e .n.o ~aCJIHB'1MKiB, 6o B u;11x cnoix JiiTax B)Ke npHCJIY)KMBC.H TioJih~i i iM:, a He KY.D.HCh, rrpHHic UIBM.lJ.KHM po3yM, )KOBHipchKi .n.i}IHH.H Ta iHmi nJio.n.n nomTwaoro )KMTTH. HaaiTb KOJIM 6 jl Hapo.n;MBCJI cepe.n. .n.anHix pnMJIJIH, a npncJiy)I(MBCJI KO)I(HiM: ~HoTi TYT· ~boMy MaJIOJIIO.D.CTBY, To ace o,nHo 3a n;HM HiKOJIM 6 He IIlKO,nyaaa. KoJIM )K .nuruuocJI

397

KHMrA III

Ha fiOt.IaTOK, B"'HHKHI p03MHO)J(eHH.H 3Hal.{H01 CJIOB .SlHCbKai KpaBI, TO 6aqy, .HK I..(HOTa

ll.\aC'l'.Sl 3JIYqMJU1C.H 3C\,AJISI II BHBH~eHHSI Tal<,

IJJ.06 ll0JI.HKI1 MOrJIM He TiJihKH 3piBH.SlTI1C.Sl 3 ,n;aBHiMH i BeJieCJiaBHI1MH ,n;ep)J(aBaMH, a H BI1nepe,n;HTHIX. Jl He 6aqy iHillOI npH'liHHH TaKara nocTil1Haro macTH noJIHKiB, KpiM iXHhol,n;aBHhOI no6o)J(HOCTi i naJIKOrO 6a)J(aHHSI namyKiB CJiaBH, BOEHHMX Ta MHpHHX QHOT, KOTpi Hi611 i3 KpOB '10 nepeXO.ASITb y CDa.AOK .AO IXHiX HaiJJ.a.AKiB; a ( npeKpacHi] ecpeKTH Bi,n;pa3y )I( BI1SIBJI5110ThC.Sl B ,n;iT.HX, npHt.IOMY t.II1M ,ll.aJii, THM 6iJihllle. MeHi 6yno npHEMHO qepe3 KiJihKa,n;ecJIT poKiB . . ,n;aTH lH03eMHMM JIIO,l(.HM p03ll0Bl,ll;b JiaTHHCbKOIO MOBOIO npo HenepeMO)J(Hi TPY.AH, 6e3cTpa1IIHi cepQJI, IllBH.AKY i My,n;py pa.n:y ,n;ocToXBaJibHoi Pe'lli TiocnoJIHToi. IIJ;e MHJiime MeHi po6MTM Qe Tenep, KOJIM M qy)J(i KHMrl1, CllOBHeHi CBi,n;'lleHb lli1CbMeHHI1KiB, no,n;aHi BCbOMY CBiTOBi; KOJIM BM.HBHJIOCb MOE nparHeHH.H, XOt.Ia y)l(e MaH)I(e 3racne, nepeKJiaCTM icTopir nOJihChKOIO MOBOIO, Ha mo 6yno 'liHMaJio oxo"'HX. OcKiJihKM iHllli csoi KHMrM JI ocsiTJIHB ,n;pesHicTJo i CJiaBOIO neBHMX naTpOHiB, TO ,l(JI.H U.iEI, TpeTbOI, y KOTpi:i1 rOBO. ... pHThC.H npo noqaTOK I CTOpn seJihMH sa)J(JIHBOro pychKOro Hapo,n;y, myKaiO CBiTJia H o6opOHI1 y npeKpaCHOI Ta 3HaqHOI cpaMiJiii MHmKOBChKMX, .HKOr TM € coHQeM i oKpacoro. ,l(o QhOro MeHe crroHyKana i1 Ta rrpM'liMHa, ~o TH 6ys 3aB)I(.AH oco6JIHBHM rrpoTeKTOpoM i ,n;o6po,n:iEM Hallloro iTanii1chKoro po.n:y 3as,n;JIKH rrpM.H3Hi 3 seJIMKHMM iTani:HcbKHMH naHaMH, 3as,n;.HKH TBOIM seJIHKHM QHOTaM. TsoJI rrosa)f(HicTh BMpi3HHE Te6e cepe,n; csoix, TBO.H Ha.U.3BHl.{ai1Ha

JIIO.AJIHJCTh pa30M 3 MY.APICTIO roTyE 13 TBOIX 3Ha"'HI1x 3acJiyr rrepe.u. Pi qqro TiocnoJJMTOIO JJacKy :Horo MOCTi KopoJI.H. Tso.H Hai1BHI.l.\a IJ.HOTa- sipHiCTh csOEMY naHy i 6aThKiB~HHi. He icHyE TaKHX sopo)J(MX 3arpo3 .AJJ.H KopoHH TIOJihChKoi, HeMaE TaKoi JIIO.AMHH, nepe,n; KOTpOIO 3.ApHrHyJIOCH 6 TBO€ BCJIHKe cepu.e, JIKOI 6 He nepeMOfJia TBOJI My,n;piCTb, He o6e336poiJia TBO.H JIIO,A.HHiCTb. T11 BMiEIIJ 6yr11 B ychoMy rocno,n;apeM csoiM no'llyTT.HM, mo Hai"'t6iJihllle u.iHyEThC.H s .u.ep)l(asi; TH BMiElll ri,n;Ho TPI1MaTH cso10 ceHaTopcbKY oco6y; y TBoii1: ,n;yllli i He nopyxHeThOI nerKoBa)KHicTb a6o .HKaCb HeB,n;H'liHicTb. T11 cTaTe'liHO i1,n;eiiJ ,n;o Toro, mo E 3,n;opoBMM .AJIH scix, mo npuHOCIITh KOpHCTb i c11asy. TaKMM 6ys CB.HTOI naM'.HTi cTpn:H salllol naHCbKOI MOCTi, BeJibMQ)KHOfO MI1JIOCTI1BOrO naHa, KpaKiBChKHH €DIICKOTI; a iHUJI1X 6araTbOX He TOpi<aiOCb qepe3 CTI1CJiiCTb U,iEI nepe,U.MOBH. TaKMM 6ys i panchKMi1 BOEno,n;a TieTpo, JIIO.U.HHa rrosa)KHa i My,u.pa, KoTpa penHo cTapanac.H ,AJI.SI 3araJibHoro ,n;o6pa. Tu )K HaCJiiJJ.yEIIJ ix y qecHoTax, 6epe1II nicJI.H HMX noca,n;H y crra,n;oK, 3aci,n;aEm y ceHaTi IJ.bOfO npeCJiaBHOfO KOpOJiiBCTna, 6epem 3 JiaCKll iioro MOCTi KOpOJIH HaJie)KHe TBOIM npau.i B pi3HMX noniTax i cTapocrsax, mo6

398

KHI1rA III .ZVKepe.ao no6potiiiBHOCTi 3Ha tiHoro

po.zly M l1HII<OBCbl<Itx

uiKOJIM

He nepecnxaJio, IJJ.06 rnn6oKo :mKopiHeHe nparHeiiH51 Kopo1151M Petii nocnOJ11ITii1 KBiTH)'JlO CTaTCt.IHO II rapHo. Och t.IOfO

noKip-

HO 311'-IY samiil naHChKitt MHJIOCTi, MOEMY MllllOCTHBOMY naHosi, npooitiii focno,LI.a Eora npo ,LI.osre cnoseHH.H.

i IJJ.aCJinse y U.hOMY eTa Hi 6naro-

HHHi npHHomy nepe,LI. n aHChi<e JIHU.e sarno路i MOCTi, MO-

EM)' MIIJlOCTIIBOl\1}' naH)', .HK ropO,li.OIJ.bKOM)' CTapocTi B p)'CbKI1X Kpa-

...

5IX, U.IO JCTOp110 npo p)'CbKI DO,li.II, HC C}'MHIBalO'-IIIC51 )' TOM)', IJJ.O TH 3sonuru II seceJIHM OKOM i 6wcTpoJO pyKoiO neperJIHH)'TH, lll,O 3BOJII1lll, .HK i 3aB)K,li.H, 6yTn MOIM MHJIOCTI1BI1M naHOM. ,llaHo 3 KpaKosa ,li.H.H

24 )KOBTH.H 1611

poKy.

Balllol MOCTi, Moro MHJIOCTHBoro naHa, BChOro ,no6pa 311'-IJIHBHi1

Hai1HH)Kt.JI1i1 cJiyra OneKcaH,np fsaHh.iHi , rpacp JlaTepaHCbKO-

ro nanau:y, KOMaH,li.Hp rBap,LI.iHCbKOI KiHHOTI1.

KHHrA III

'lJACTMHA I KHHrM III TIPO PYCbKI KH.H3IBCTBA TA llPO IX HAPO~M

l m l p o noqaTOK pOKCOllaHiB, a6o pychKoro Hapo,zzy, pi3Hi icTopi1KM no-pi3HOM)' Tnep,z:viTh. O,nHi ~eti Hapo.n poKcoJiaHaMI1, iHWi CJIOB'.HHaMM Ha3HBaiOTh. J!K 611 TaM He 6yJIO, aJie UeH Hapo,n i.n;e 3 llOKOJiiHH.SI llOTOMI<iB JI<PeTa, npo ~0 MH ,ZJ;eTa.JibHime p03llOBi.ZJ;aJII1 s nepmiti KHH3i, .n;e HIDJIOCH npo noxo.n;iKeHHH caspoMaTIB 1 noJIHKiB. Tenep iKe HaM Tpe6a CKa3aTH npo Te, 3Bi.D.KI1 pycb B3HJia CBO€ iM'R. ,lJ,asHi xpoHicTM BB<UKaiOTb, ll.\O soHa TaK Ha3BaHa si.n Pyca, BHyKa Jlexosoro . Ane TaK He MOiKe 6yr11, 6o Pych Ha6araTo cTapma, HiiK Jlex, Haw npe.n;oK, cro.n;11 npMftmos. MmKJIMBO, mo ~eft Pyc, Jlexis BHyK, naHynas Ha.n; pycCJO. Ane pych TaK np03MBarracH ~e .n;o Toro! lHllli iK xpoHiCTH BBa)l(aiOTb, mo pych TaKHM iMeHeM xoqe JBaTHOI si.n MicTe'IKa PyccH, KOTpe po3TamosaHa;6a «pya,, He He.n;aJieKo si.u. Bem1Koro Hosropo.u.a. IHrni )I( xpoHiCTI1 BBa)l(aiOTh, 11\0 pych np03BaJiaC.H Bi)J. p)'C.HBOfO BOJIOCC.H, KOTpe }I HMHi HaJ'it.IaCTiwe 3YCTpi'la€TbC51 B pycaKiB. € H TaKi, KOTpi pycb BMBO.ZJ;.HTb Bi.D. Jl<fJeTa Pyoma, llOTOMKa XaMosoro, .HK n11we .n;oMiHiKaHeUh Cesep11.H y reHearroril focno.n:a Icyca. lHwi )I( BIIBOAHTb pych BiA I<H.H3.H Poca (Ros ), npo KoTporo J ra,n,yETbC.H y CanTOM)' TIMCbMi y €JeKiiJIH. O.n;HaK HaiineaHilllMM E Te, mo pycb MaE CBO€ iM'.H si.u. po3ciHHH.H, 6o c;wnaKH Ha3MBaJOTb cin6y po3cin01o. Eo u.eii Hapo.n; po3ciHacn no csiry, HanoBHMB co601o BeJIHKY t.IaCTim:y €np01111 Ta A3il, mMpoKO po3Jiirc.H Bill. JlbO.U.OBMTOro oKeaHy a)£< .n;o CepeJJ.JeMHoro MOp.H Ta A.u.piaTMt.IHoro niaoCl·pona, ni.a. Mop.n EnKCMHCbi<Oro a)l( .a.o fiaJITitiCbi<Oro OKeaHy. Yepe3 u.e rpe1o1 3D)'Tb lx cnoprutu (sporiami), T06To poJnopolllei-mMM. )l{HJIM TaM, ,D.e MoCJ<na [po3TamonaHa]. Mi)l( ,ll,HinpoM i ,ll,oHoM, .HK npo u.e cniJJ.'IMTb CTpa6oH y cnolil «feorpa<!Jil». Tai<o)l( i .n.anHiH. reorpa<P TIToJieMei1:, onMcyiOt.IM necb csiT, KJiatJ,e lx no6m13y l.JopHoro Mopn Ta MeoTii'lcbKoro o3epa i HaJHDaE poi<coJiai-IaMH, Hiuu pych i aJJaHn. U.11x poKcoJiaHiB 3Haxo,D.MMO lll.e Ja,n.onro nepe.n. PiJ;lBOM focno,u.HiM; noHn n01ona.nt1 Ji caeoHaMH, a6o lllBe,n:aMM, 6o 3 TI1MH 6yJIH y cyci.n.cTni i1 Himi E. BOIOBaJIH i npoTM MHTPMIJ.aTa, noi·ITil'1cbKOro I<opoJI.H, \.fOro TOpKanc.H .n.asHilr icTopnK no.MnrU Tpoe. IJ.ei1 llMWe npo HHX, ~0 BOHM i3 otpux J30Jijl'·l llX umyp po611JIH co6i KanTaHH, I I (c. 2) a 36po.H IXH.H TaKa 6yJia: MaJilt naHJ~upi a6o u~HTH i TaK Ha I<OH.H 3 ma6JieJO, 3 poraTHHOJO i JI)'I<OM ci,IJ.aJIH. I HuHi I..\IO 36pmo pych y)I(MBaE. IUocb no.a.i6He po3nosi.n;aE TiaRe<miii npo capMaTin, n~o Ti co6i 36iih(u

no)(oOumb

400

KHMrA III TaKO)K po6HJII1 KafiTaHU 3 KiHChKUX KOJlHT i 3MiiHliX JJIKip. 3ra.lly€ UHX poKCOJiaHiB i TaUHT, 11\0 BOHif D '-laCH Kecap$1 0TTOHa D.D.ep;mcSJ B p11MCbKi 3eMJii ~o Miail i cKpi3b noHa)J. ,lJ,yHaEM i l..lopHI1M MopeM Bt.IHHHJIH sem,m y IllKO.LJ.y. OiJouagep, pycr,I(JJii I Haw ,l(Jiyrom HanHcas y csoi"il xpoHiui npo HHX, r.u.o lxHii1 KH.H3b O.n:oHa- I(!U!Jb, uep Y3HB PnM 4 70 poKy nicJij] Pb,n:sa focno,D.H$1 np11 iMnepaTopy JleoHi !JJ!16 Pu.M Ilepwo.M)'. Uei1 O,n:oHauep 14 poKis TPHMaB PHM, ane noTiM 6ys po36HTHi1 np11 AKsinel si.n: roTiB, BHacJiiJJ.OK '-!Oro BTiK JJ.O PaseHHH, o,n:HaK i1oro TaM ,n:iCTaJIU rOTH i po36MJIH. ,l(e$1Ki JlHlliYTb MOrO pyriaHCbKHM, a He pycbKHM KH$13eM, ane i1 ui JIIO.LJ.H 3Bi.LJ.Tl1, 3 foTil, BHHlliJIH. BoHH nicJij] nopa3Kl1 roTiB nilliJIH 3 ITaniiicbKol 3eMJii y CBOIO cTopoHy i1 ocin11 Mi)K Bicnmo Ta O.n:pmo Ha,n: MopeM, TaM, .n:e HHHi € IloMopcbKa 3eMJI$1: oTaM i € U.R PyriR. O,n:HaK 3HaTH ~o6pe, l.U,O ue 6ys Hapo,n: BOMOBHH'-IHH, TiJibKH I.U,O llHCaTH He CKOpo CTaJIH, HK i iHllli, i XTO 6 IM paHillle l.U,OCb p03JlOBi~aB, BOHH Hi'-IOfO CTapo,n:aBHbOrO npo ce6e CKa3aTH He MO)Kyrb. IlHCbMO )K CJIOB'HHCbKe BHHaHlliOB Xmo cs. €poHiM, a niCJIR Hboro i1oro no11mp11s K11p11JIO, ~OKTop, spelliTi poKy npuoy.Ma6 C/106 llHCb~ Eo)Koro 796 M11xaiJI KyponaJiaT, KOHCTaHTHHOllOJibCbKHM iMnepaTop, nucr,Mo OTaKi JiiTepH ~0 llHCaHHR llOCJiaB 60JirapaM, KOTpi llOTiM pyCb npHMHRJia:

A~""~'J3""'"MI1onfcrr~ytxw

AJ;fir

lf'Wtp'llMflrf;~~hlOA\c..:>~~.J.V i 3 U,boro TiJihKH 'Iacy pych not:~HHaE csoro xpoHiKY, Ka)KY'IH, 11\0 6yJIH TPH 9IO'lamol( 6paTH Il(EK (Sciek), KI1H (Kig), XOPEB (Korew) i cecTpa JIHEI,l(b P!JCbi(Jli( (Lebeda). Ui nO'-IaJIM neplliHMH naHysaTH y HHX npu6J£U3UO 6370 poKy si.n: 1QUZJi6 CTBOpeHHR csiTy, a6o 796 poKY si.n: Hapo,z:r.)KeHHR Ha csiT Hallloro CnaCHTeHK R B)Ke cKa3aB. CaMe BOHH nepmHMH 'Iepe3 KiJihKa pm<is nicJIH noTony, np116ysllll1 B CXi)lHi Kpai, OBOJIO~iJIH TaM HaHBli3Hat:IHilliHMl1 MiCQHMH i a6y.n;ysanH 3aMKH. KH:H: 3aCH}'Bas MicTo i JaM OK Ha.D. piKoiO .l(HinpoM i Ha3sas uoro si,D. csoro iMeHi KHIB, ~e u HHHi nepe6ysa€ MHTponoJIHT, ixHiH seJIHKHH 6icK}'TI. Ue MicTo Jie)I(HTb y piBHOM)' noJii Ha.D. caMHM ,ZJ;HinpoM, JaMOK.n:ani si,z:r. .l(Hinpa Ha BHCOKil1 ropi. Ue:H: 3aMOK y~sit:~i 6iJibmH:i1:, Hj)l( KpaKiBCbKHH, Ma€ ciM BeJIHKHX 6alliT, a MeHlliHX Be)K He3'IHCJieHH}' KiJibKicTb; Bci BOHH- ,z:r.epes 'RHi. IlapKa.H TaKO)I( ~epes' HHHH, cToiTb Ha 3eMJI.HHOM)' HacHny. Y MicTi :i1: 6iJu1 MicTa .n.ocHTb npei<pacHHX nepi<os. Ban TRrHeTbCll si,z:r. piKH 11.0 piKH lJ.aJii Bill. MicTa, i HOrO lJ.OB)KHHa CTaHOBHTb niBTOpH MHJii. 3 IJ.bOrO 3HaTH, 11\0 ue MicTo 6yJio KOJIHCb I I (c. 3) .lzy)Ke seJIHKHM i, HK Ka3aJIH, Mano ciM MHJib ,z:r.osKoJia. BoHo 6yJio paHime 3pyi1:HoBaHe EoJieCJiasoM Xopo6pHM, nepwHM noJibCbKHM KoponeM, 6JIH3bKO 999 poKy. TioJibCbKi if pycbKi xpoHiKH CBi,zt'laTb, 11\0 XBipTKa 6yJia 30JIOTa, a BOpOTa MicbKi- MilJ.HHMH, HanOJJOBHH}' ia aoJIOTOM y 6paMi. Il(e ii HHHi BH,ztHO npH rH€3HeHCbKOMY KoCTbOJJi 11.e11Ki aHaKH 3PyHHYBaHHH KHEBa y TOH t:~ac. )J;pyrnu 6paT IUeK a6y.zzysas JaMOK HelJ.aJieKo Bi.n; KHEBa i Ha3BaB iioro Bill. CBOro iMeHi meKaBHU,eiO, a XopeB- XopeBHU,eiO. IHWHX >Ke icTopii He

JIR,

401

KHHrA III 3f~}'IOTb '-lepea neJIHK}' .n.asHiCTb no.n.iti Ta He,n6aJibCTBO [icTopHKiB]. 7eH£QJIOZiJl PYCI>JQJ~

IQUlJi8

npe,nKM KHHais [pycLKMx] MaJIM csolx KHHais, KOTPHM poa.nasanM nycTi KpaiHM AJIH 6y.nynaHHH 3aMKiB, HK-oT: Pa,nHM, ni.n. HKOro npo3BaJIHCH pa.n.HMM'Ii Ha.n piKoiO CHHOM; BHTKO, si.n. HKoro [ nili.IJIH] BHTH'Ii Ha,n piKOIO BoJiroiO; ~yJie6a, ni.n. HKoro .n.yJie6H Ha,n piKOIO ByroM, mo HHHi 3BYThCH .nyqaHH. BoHH 6yJIH Hama.n.KaMH KMH, KoTpi poamHpiOBaJIH .n.ep)KaBH Ha ninHo'-li, ane Ha,n C060IO llOCTaBHJIH KHH3H 3 iHlllOfO Hapo.n.y, I.J.:(06 He llOT}'paB aHi 6paT}', aHi . . csary, aHt KOMY lHI.lloMy, a TtJibKH KO)KeH oTpHMysan Te, mo aacJiy)KHTb. A 6yJio ~HX KHH3iB Tpo€: PIOpHK, CHHeyc i Tpynop (Trwol). neplllHM KHH3b, PIOpHK, 6ys y Honropo.ni, .npyr11i1, CHHeyc, 6ys KH.H3eM y EiJioo3epi, a TpeTi:H, Tpysop, s Ia6opcbey. A ~e .ni.HJIOCH 865 poKy ni.n. PiJ,nsa rocno,na X pHeTa. no CMepTi ~HX )lBOX caM PIOpHK naHYBaB Ha,n yciMa. no CMepTi PIOpHKa tioro CHH Irop (Geor), nociBlllH KHiBCbKi Kpal, npoasasCH E.l\HHOBJI~QeM Uedynowladec). Kon11 niH HaKJias ne1111KY ,naHMHY Hamo.neti, M:oro s6HJIM,nepeBJI.HHH i llOCJiaJIH )1.0 HOfO _npy)KHHH 0Jibfl1 3 nponOJH~i€10: 'IH He XOTiJia 6 BOHa niTH 3aMi)K 3a lxHhoro KHH3H HHCKHHa (Niskina). BoHa )1(, XHTpa, o6i~HJia ~e 3po6HTH, HKJl.'(O TOM np11l,ne .no Hel .no.n.oMy 6paTH 1IIJII06. KoJIH )I( ,nepesJI.HHH 3i CBOIM KH.H3eM IXaJIH )J.O Hei, BOHa B113lliT}'BaJia Ha neBHOMY Mic~i 3aci.n.ey 3 BiHCbKOBHX 1110)\eH i )J.Oll.'(eHT}' po36HJia )J.epeBJI.HH , a B3.HTHX y llOJIOH ~HJia pi3HHMH MYK3MJ.i, llOMCTHBli.IHCH 33 CBOfO t.IOJIOBiKa lrop.H. TioTiM CHH IropH Ta 0JihrH Cs.HTOCJiaB, ni.n.piclllH, npHJIYt.IMB .nepeBJI.HH .n:o cnoEI .n.ep)l(aBH i npHMYCHB lx .n:anaTH co6i cTapo.n.anHIO .naHHHy. Horo )I( MaTH OJibra IatJ:HJia .n.o KoHcTaHTHHonOJI.H ni3HaTii xpHCTHHHChJ<Y nipy i TaM oxpecTHJJacH, i.M' H )I( 111 6yJio .n:aHo €.neHa. KoJJM BOHa BMI~)I(aJia 3 KoHcTaHTHHonoJIH, II 6JiarOCJIOBHB naTpiapx, Ka)l(yt.IH: «EJiafOCJIOBeHHa TH Mi)l( )KOHaMH pycbKHMI1». Alle II CHH Cs.HTOcJiaB He xoTiB oxpemynaTHC.H. TiepeMirl.liM .n.epesJI.HH, niH BHCT}'TIHB npoTH xa3ap, KOTpi Te)l( 6yJIH pychKoro Hapo.n.y, i B3.HB lxHiH 3aMOK, 3BaHI1H EiJia Be)l(a. TioTiM niH no10nan npoTH 6o11rap, B3.HB y HHX 80 aaMKiB i nOI<Jias Ha HHX .naHHHy. BiH npona.n.HB 3 rpeKaMH BeJIHKi M)J.OBri BiHHM, CMJIOIO B3.HB y HMX 70 3aMKiB DOHa)\ .D,yHaEM. AJie B ~ei1: qac net.IeHirM o6JIO)KHJII1 KHIB TaK, u(o iioro l(py)l(nHa 3 TpboMa cHHaMH noMepJia 3i CTpaxy. Tiot.rynum npo ~e. Cn.HTOCJiaB nonepHync.H I I (c. 4)* .no KMEBa, a.n.e net.IeHiri-1 Te)[( iwJIH npoTH Hboro. Tiet.IeHir Kyp (Kur) poa6HB niikhKO Cn.HTOcJiana, a B3.HB1IIH i1:oro caMoro y noJIOH, si.npy6as :HoMy roJiony i .n.as II onpanHTH 30JIOTOM. 3 ~horo qepena niH nHB, .HK b qarni. Cs.HTOCJJaB aa.n.MmHB no co6i Tpbox CMHin: RponoJIKa, 011era i Bono.n:MMHpa. RponoJIK 6yn neJIHKHH THpaH. BiH y6HB CTapllloro 6paTa OJiera nepe.u. CBOIMH Ot.IHMa 3a,n:JJ.H naHYBaHH.H, a CaM CTaB €)J.I1HOBJia.n:QeM. TioTiM i caM Bi.D. iHlllOro 6paTa, BoJIO.D:HMHpa, 6yn y6HTMi1. Ue:ti BoJIOAMMHp, n.n:epmHC.H .n.o TioJibll~i. 3a6pan y Met.IHCJiana nepeMHlliJib, l..J:epneHb Ta iHllli [ MiCTa)' a noTiM nilllOB Ha rpeu.iiO i TaM Y3.HB KopcyHb. BoiOnan npOTH net.IeHirin, a KOJIH 3iHliiOBC.H 3 HHMH 6iJISI O.D:HiEI piKM, H33BaHOI Tpy6i)l(, BliiXaB O.ll:MH MY.IK 3 niikhKa ne'4eHiahKOro, .n:oCHTb npo.n:J]I1BHI1 i MY)I(Hii1, BI1KJIHKaJOt.IH Ha repu,h 6ylJ.h-KOro 3 iioro nii1CbKa. Oananc.H TO,ll.i O,li.HH pycHH, XJIOne~b Hese-

ClleHa,

pycbl(a ?(]JUCmUJlHJ(!l

C6JlmoCJza6 y6umuit

Cww C8.Rmoc.na8a 'Bo/IOOIIM up

y6u6 6pama

Ord

* )l11n. i;(CIITif"JHI1H MaTJIOHOK y KH. I (c. 94 opHriflaJI)').

402

KHHrA III ;mKm1, a.ne M}'>KHii1, i mtlxaa npoTH Toro. 3JJerKona)lntR i-i o •·o ne'-JeHir, aJie pycnH n611a ne"-JeHira. n icJJSJ U.bOro ne'-leHin1 ni~cTYni1JJI1 . BoJIO,li.HM11p >Ke Ha U.bOMy MiCU.i 36}'.li.)'BaD 3aMOK llepeRCJiaB, 60 3 U.bOfO Mi CU..H 110XO)J.I1B u;ei1 MY>K· Hea.n.oa3i nicnn UbOro ne'-leHint a.nepJJ11CSJ,no Pyci. po3611JIM BoJJo,nM- 9Je'UHlzU 801ol(lmr, MHpa TaK, W.O, BTiKaiO'-JH, BiH Jie)l.Be He 3afl-IHYB. A ,li.iCTaBUJI1CJI ,li.O MOCry, npomu Pgci cxonancSJ XKOCb ni.zt. ne"::eHiria ni)J. HHM i TaK au.iJJiB. D e'-leHirH >K, nonoiOnaa- '13ono0u.Mupa WH pycbKi Kpal, noaepHyJJHCSJ 3 neJIHKHM noJJOHOM .no cnolx .n.oMiB. Uboro poJ6UIIu BoJJO.li.I1MHpa BMOBJISJJJH TaTapH, w.o6 niH npHMHRB lxn10 nipy, aJie aiH He CXOTiB. €npei1CbKOT Te)l( He CXOTiB, TaK CaMO JIK i JJaTHHCbKOI, a.ne npvfi:fHSIB rpeu;bKY I I (c. 5). KoJIH >K niH 3a>Ka)J.aB ai.n. rpeU.bKI1X iMnepaTopia Baomin 'Bo1100u.Mup otPecmu8CJl Ta KoncTaHTHHa PYKH ixnhoi cecTpH, BOHH I1oMy ai,nMOBHJII1 , Ka>Ky'-Ju, w.o sin ue.n.ocTOMHHM li, 6o ue E xpucTHRHHHOM. O.n.naK sin o6iu.Rn oxpecTHTMC.a. KonH >K niH npuixaa .no Uapropo.n.a, TO ocnin; nocJian TO.D.i .a,o naHHH (uape"-JeHOI], CKap>Ka'-IHCSI, W.O 3 HHM TpanHJIOCJI TaKe HeW.aCTSI, a BOHa cKa3a.na: «.HK TiJihKH oxpecTHIUCJI, cJiinoTa 3HMKHe», w.o i1 cTanoc.a, KOJIH i1oro oxpecTHB €11MCKon 3 Kopcyun990 poKY· To.n.i sin npo3pia, noTiM B3SJB 3 HeiO IIIJII06, a II >K 3BaJJM AHuo10. BiH np11ixaa 3 HeiO .no Pyci , noaepuy a KopC}'Hb KOHCTaHTHHonoJibCbKMM iMnepaTopaM, a aciM niMaHHM naKa3aB oxpecTHTHCSI. T aK BOHH i B"-JHHHJIH, i sci o,Apa3y o xpecTMJI HCSJ y ,l(uinpi

Pgc& ozyecmUJiac.Jl

p a30M 3 HOfO .li.BaHa)J.IJ.RTbMa CHHaMH, KOTpHX BiH MaB Bi,li. nepWHX .li.p}'>KHH; .n.aa iM Y"-JMTH rpeU.hKe nHCbMO. Bin >Ke npHaia 3 fpeu.ii .no KM€Ba pi3HHX peMiCHHKin. Ui 6y.n.yaa.nH KOWTOBHi ti 03.n;o6JleHi u.epKBH. BoJIO,ZJ;HMHP w.e CuHu '13onoou· 3a )I(MTTJI no.n.iJJHB cnoix CHHiB. Bn"--eCJiasy, cTapUIOMY, sin ,nan Honropo.n, J,tupa CaHTOCJiaay- lloJIOU.hK, Cn.aTonoJIKoai- Taep, ..HpoMMpoai - PocTOB, CToCJiaay- fJie6ia, MopaHH, CanToCJiaay- .n.epeBJISJH , BceaoJio.n.y- BoJIO,ZJ;HMHp, Me"--HCJiany - Taep (Twerka), I3ncJiany - CMoJieHCbK, Cy.n.ucJianyIlcKOB, Ilo3BH3.li.Y- BoJIHHb, Eopucy no CMepTi BH"--ecJiaBa .n.icTaBc.R Hoaropo.n;. IlicJIJI CMepTi 6aTbKa U.i CHHH llOtiaJJH BOIOBaTH Mi)l( C060IO. 0T>Ke, CnHTonoJIK, a6HBWH .n.aox 6paTia, fJii6a i BopHca, KoTpux HHHi pych naa:>Ka€ CBSITHMH, B3SIB no HHX lxHi .n.ep>KanH. A ..H poCJiaB, nuruanwH Ca.RTonoJIKa, 3a6paa y Hboro ace. Ane Ca.RTOnOJIK BTiK .n.o EoJieCJiasa Xopo6poro, llOJibCbKOrO KOpOJISI, .RK npo u.e IUHpme H,li.eTbCSI }' n epiUiM KHH3i Ha C. 30. Be.n11Ki 6HTBH 6yJIH noTiM MbK U.HMH KHSI3SIMH Ta ixHiMJ.t HaW.a.n.KaMH. Tipo u.e ,li.OCHTb noauo cai,A"--aTh noJibChKi xpouiKH, tiHTai1 KpoMepa KHHrH 3, 4. l3.5JCJIAB, KHSI3b KMiBCbKI.f'H i CMOJieHCbKHM, )KHB 6JIH3bKO 1076 pOI<}', O,li.HaK i u.eif 6yn y6HTHH 6paTOM y BiHHi (Mi)K}'C06HiH), 6ya noxonaHHH }' Kueai y IlpeT.IHCToi, T06To y [ co6opi] ,l(inH Mapii. Bin 3aJIHWHB CHHa CnSITononKa, KoTporo BoJieCJiaB CMiJIHBHH noca.n.HB ua npecToJii, npo mo "-JHTaM y KpoMepa Knury 3. A u.eu CnSITonoJIK 3aJIHWHB cuHa ..HpoCJiaBa, soJio.AHMHpcbKoro KHJJ3JI, KOTporo 6yJio a6uTo ni.A KHEBOM 1123 poKy. Ilpo u.e nuwe KpoMep y KHH3i n 'SITifl. fEOPfii1 (Hrehory), cnu .HpocJiaain; BceaoJio.n;, nepeSicnaacbKHH KHH3b, 6paT feopriln. Ueu noMep MOJIO.AHM Bi.A nowecTi i 6ya noxonaun:H y KHeni yen. Coq>il. BaiVIaB 6ya ocTanniM cHHoM ..HpoCJianonHM; u.eu cKopo niCJIH HbOro noMep.

403

KHMrA III

36iih(u no:r_oiJJlmb I(!UlJi OcmpOJbl\i

.l(ABH)I., CMH reopriln, naHynan niCJUI 6aTbKa y BOJIO)l.I1MMpi. AJie iHIIIi KH.SI3i BM,nepJIM y Hboro BoJIO)l.l1MMpcbKe i BoJJMHChKe KH.SI3iBCTBO, a )l.aJili i1oMy3aMKM OcTpor, ,l(y6Ho (Dubin) , ,ZJ.oporo6y)J(, qopTopuiicbK, I I (c. 6) bO)J(eliiKO (Borzepko) i CTO rpMneHb cpi6Jia 3 KI1€Ba, a CTO - 3 nepe.HcJiana nHpimHJIH .u.anaTH HOMY ll(opi'liHO. U:e 6yn noiionHH'llliH naH, HK npo Hhoro nume KpoMep y KHM3i 5. 3 Qboro qacy H)l.}'Tb KH.SI3i 0cTp03bKi a)J( .no HMHiiiiHboro BiKy. llpo u:e .UOCTaTHbO CBi)J.~MTb U:.SI JiiHi.SI. MCTHCJIAB, CMH ,ll;ami.n.is, KH513b 3 OcTpora, Man CI1Ha McTHcnasa, KOTp11i1 onoJio.nis K11EBOM i noMep 1158 poKy. BiH 6ys noxosaHMH y KuEni y (u:epKBi) CB. <l>e,nopa. 3aJIMIIII1D no co6i CI1Ha 3 TaKHM )J(e iMeHeM, KH.H3.SI BOJIO)l.HM11pCbKOro, DOJII1HCbKOro i 6eJI3hKoro. Ueii )J(e 3a.JI11III11n CliHa PoMaHa, BOJJO.lJ.HMHpCbKoro KH.SI3.SI, KoTpHii nepeHic KH.SI)J(Y CTOJJML(IO 3 KHEna .D.O fa.nM'tla. Uei1 6iJibllle, Hi)J( iHUii i1oro npe)l.KI1, noiOsan 3 noJibCbKHMI1 KH.SI3.SIMI1, O,lJ,HaK 6yn y611TI1H 6iJI.SI 3aDMXOCTa 1205 poKy. IJJaJtUJIO )I.AHHJJO, 6paT PoMaHa, 6yn .u.y)Ke BHCOKoro po3yMy. BiH xoTiB npoJ Pyc~>I(9ZO I(.HJI)i8cm/Ja cJiaBMTI1C.SI 6iJibme, Hi)J( i1oro npe.U.KM, a 3 PychKOro KH.SI3incTna xoTiB 3po:r_omiBMamu 611TI1 KOpOJiiBCTBO, qoro Ma.TIO H He 3,lJ,iHCHI1B, HK npo Qe nl1llle nanpOQbl(.opol!i8cm/Jo KMH y cnolii l.JechKiii xpoHiQi. Eo D)J(e 6yn y6Jiaras nany, ~o6 Toi1 i1oMy )J.03BOJII1B u:e, i nana 3BeJiin nOMa3aTI1 H KOpOHYB3TH ,l(aHMJia Ha KOpoJiinCTBO CBOEMY Jierary Oni30HY 3 Me3eaHy (Mezeanu). Alle )laHuJio, .SIKH II o6iU.HB i3 sciM cnoiM Hapo.D.OM 6yTH y nocJiyUieHcTni cn.SIToro 3aran:hHoro pHMCbKOro KOCTboJiy i 6opOHMTH MY)KHbO xpHCTH.HH ni.u. noraHnx, He .u.oTp11MaB cnona l.l(O.li.O [u.boro] ncboro. ToMy nee, l.l(O niH 3)l.o6yn, He npHHecJIO iloMy )J(Q)l.HOI npHKpacH. npo u:e 'lJHTai1 KpoMepa KHHry 9, 6o TaM npo u:e .u.y)Ke 3acHytJaHu.R .D.OKJia;J.HO rmme. 3an:HIIIHD .unox CHHin: Jlena i:'t PoMaHa. Jlen JacHynan Jlbnin, Yl~.>OoiJa Ha3Dai·m i1 ni)l. i1oro [I<Hn3.SI] iMeHi. Om1c Jlbuona 6y/..te HIDK'lle y 1.\il• )Ke KHU3i.

404

KHHrA III POMAH, npo K<nporo KpoMep 3ra,T(yc y KHH3i 9, 3MHIIIHB nma BacHKH5l351 0cTp03I>Koro. Ueii BacHJib 3~UIHUIJ1B IIOTiM .ll.aHHJia, KH51351 Ha 0cTp03i; ni;~ UbOI'O ,ll.aHHJia 3aJIHWI1BC51 CI1H <f}e.a.ip, KH513b Ha 0cTp03i. flpo uhoro KpoMep v KHII3i 20 Jra.a.yE TaKHMH cnonaMH: «Theodoretus sive Fedko

JHI,

Ostrogius. dux Russie, vir stremms et bellicosus, partium Swidrigielonis defensor». BiH MY)KHbO JJ.i5IB npoTn nOJI5JKiB. Mai0'-111 np11 co6i neJIHKe sii1chKO. O.a.HaK RBHO He CMii0'-111 B,AapHTII, BCJ111KY lllKO.AY '-IHHI1B fiOJI5JI<aM 3aci,nKaMH. flpo ue y KpoMepa y KHH3i 20. BpeuiTi niH 6ys i3 MOJI,AaBaHaMH Ta cno'iMH noMi'-IHHI<aMH nepeMO)KCHHM fiOJIHKaMH i p036HTII11. BACHJlb, KHH3h Ha 0cTpo3i, cnH 3ra,AaHoro <f)e,Abi<a, IUIH3H, 3aJIHlllMB CHHa InaHa, KHR3H Ha 0cTpo3i. Ui nci KI-I.H3i 6ym1 cnoi<ii1Hi. Bi.n. Uhoro InaHa 'l(pcm.JIHmun !!Tepwuii, 6ys KocTRHTHH, KHH3b 0cTp03bKHii, npo KOTporo noJibCbi<i icTopil TaK nM- 1(HliJ11 lli)'Th, I.U;O UC 6yn naH BOMOBHH'-IMM npOTH noraHMX i BciX BOpOrin nOJibCb- OcmpOJbl(!.lU KHX Koponia. Ilpo ue nMllle KpoMep n «Opaui5JX», npocnasJIRIO'-IH )J(HTTJI KOp01IH I I (c. 7) CHri3MYH.ZJ.a nepllloro. BiH TaK 3ra.n.yE QbOfO KocTSIHTHHa: «Atque uta Tartaris perpetuis nostris hostibus incipiam. Horum quidem non

contemnendos Ires exercitus apud Sluckum, tribus preliis Duce Costantino Ostrogio Principe, omni seculorum memoria dignissimo, ad internecionem pene ceadit». Ilpo uhoro KocTHHTHHa TaM )J(e B Ti:M «Opauil» rosopHTbCR, mo niH .n.omeHTY po36HB ni.n. BHlliHenueM 24 THcHqi TaTap, Mai0'-111 np11 co6i MHKoJiaR KaM 'HHC.UbKoro 3 noJIHKaMH a6o )J( i3 lliJIRXTOIO Ilo.n.iJibCbKHX Ta PychKHX KpaiH, KOTpHi1 6ys rep6a «Ili.JiaBa». TaM )J(e niH 3r~yE :Moro i BTpeTE, KIDK)''-IH, I.U;O po36HB 26 THCH'-1 TaTap, .n.ocJiiBHO TaKMMH cJioBaMH: «Nonne omnibus seculis memorabilis est victoria,

qua viginti sex millia Tartarorum, eadem illo Costantino Duce, parua manu prostigata sunt apud Kanioviam». Ilpo Qe 11IHpme y KHH3i 2 B on11ci naHynaHHSI noJihChKoro KopoJIH CHri3MYH.lJ.a.

405

?tf!J:HCIIicmt:> ?\pCm.JIHmU·

na, I(.HllJ11 J Ocmpoza

KHHrA III Ha Be.ApychKii1 sii:fHi, y nporpaHii1 6MTBi, niH 6yn Y3HTMM y nonoH 3 6araTbMa JIMTOBCbKMMM naHaMM i npMBe3eHMH 11.0 MocKBM. TaM i:foro 3M}'wysas BeJJMKMM KHSI3b MOCKOBCbKMM, mo6 BiH np.MCSifHYB HiKOJJM Hi 3 HHM, Hi npOTH HbOfO, Hi npOTH MOfO BiMCbKa He BOIOBaTH, a DOJUIKaM He ,lJ.ODO· MaraTH. BiH l.'(hOro He xoTin Bt.tMHMTH i MYCMB 3a BMCOKY l.'(iHy ce6e BMKYnosynaTH, cTapaHHSIMM Kopon11 CMri3M}'H.D.a 6yn BHnyl.I.\eHHH 3 B'113HMI.'(i. 3a l.'(e BiH .l(OCHTb CMJibHO DOMCTMBC11 MOCKBi i po3rpOMMB HOrO ( MOCKOBCbKOfO KH11311] 80 THC11t.t nii:fcbKa y i1oro 3CMJii i1 caM oro Taro TMpaHa IDI< .n.o MocKBM 3arHan. BiH 6yn To.n.i y TonapucTni reTbMaHa Csept.toncbKOro. A l.'(e .n.i11JIOC.H 1502 poKY. BiH Mir 611 To.n.i l.'(hOro nopora, nna>Kati, 30BciM ni.l(KOPMTH, SIK6H pymHB Ha MOfO 3eMJIIO, aJie, B311BWM Ta6ip, BHpymMB ,lJ.O,lJ.OM}' Ha Bi)J.DQt.tMHOK 3 DOJIOHeHHMM Ta BeJIHKOIO 3)J.06Ht.tt.JIO. ,l(o TOfO >K, KpiM CBOfO CTapo.n.aBHbOr O rep6a, noB'113aBCSI CBOIMM Hal.I.\a,lJ.KaMH 3 DOJibCbKMM i JIMTOBCbKHM HapO.U.aMH, npoCJiaBHBC.H iHWMMH rep6aMM . IlponyCKaEMO .U.aBHIO icTopiiO TMX, KOTpi ):(0 rpeU.bKOI BipM IIpMCTaBaJIM i , MaiOt.tH CBOI CTapOBMHHi rep611, IIOTiM IIOpO.llHt.taJIMC11 3 KOHcTaHTHHODOJibCbK.MMM iMnepaTopaMM, I I (c. 8) BMKOpMcTonynanH 306pa>KeHH.H CB. feopri.H Ha KOHi, .HKHM ( CDHCOM) B6HBa€ 3Mi.H. IHWi, OC06JIHBO JleB, KOTpHH 3aCHYBaB JlbBiB, BHKOpHCTOBYBaJJ.H 306pa>KeHH.H t.tOpHoro JieBa, ~0 ni.n.i:H:Ma€TbC.H Ha CKeJIIO; BOHO BMi~eHe Ha 30JIOTOMY utHTi. A Ti, KOTpi )I(HJIH, BBa>KaH, 6iJI.H OQt:JaTKiB MOp.H Ta BeJIHKMX 60.11iT, BHKOpMCTOByBaJJM 3o6pa>KeHH.H fOJIOfO t.JOJIOBiKa Ha KOHi; i )J.Oci MOCKOBMTM a6o MOCKOBCbKi KH.H3i BMKOpMCTOByiOTb l.'(e 3o6paJKeHH.H. KocTSIHTMH o.n:p)')KHBC11 i3 KHSIrHHeiO CnyiJ.bKOIO. BoHa noxo.n.MJia 3 Rra:Mnonoro po.n.y i BHKOpHcTonynana rep6, HaJJe>KHMH KH.H3.HM CJiyl.'(hKHM, T06To «IloroHIO», i xpecTa Ta Mic.sn..d , Ha)J. SIKMMH 6yno 306pa>KeHO KH113iBCbKMH IIIOJIOM. BiH IIOJII06MB u.ei1: rep6 i, 3'€,lJ.HaBWMC.H 3 HHMM (KH.H311MM CnyiJ.bKHMM], DOKHH)'B IJ.eM CBiT. 3aJIMlllMB no co6i .n.nox Hama.n.KiB: l11mo Ta KocT11HTMHa.

J{eUJ,acfi u 8i

noi)py,lc:Hc.R.

J pe&ou;,iiJ

'Veri artWris nuffus finis nisi mors

IJIJISI, KH.H3b 3 OcTpora, Man Ja .U.PY*MHY Beary KocTeJieiJ.bKY 3 KocTeJibIJ..H, .n.oHbKY KopoHHoro ni.n.cKap6i11. 3 HeiO niH Man TiJibKM o.n.Hy ,n:OHbKY KaTepHHy, .HKa 6yJia .li.y)Ke HeutaCHOIO t.tepe3 BeJIMKi MaETHOCTi, KOTpi )J.iCTaJI.MC.H i:H no cMepTi 6aTbKa .HK cna.n.KoEMHI.\i. Cnot.taTKY II BMKpan, CMJIOIO 3axonHBWH y MaTepi, ,l(MHTpo CaHrywKo. Mapu.iH 36oponcbKI1H , u~o 6y n ii OniKYHOM, npM3HaqeHMM lll.e 6aTbKOM (IJIJICIO], Ha3)I,OfHaB MOfO y qexii i n611n, a naHHY nonepHyn MaTepi. KoJIM BOHa n>Ke 6yna 6iJI.H MaTepi, TO 6yna [noTiM] BiMaHa 3a CeMeHa, KH513.H CnyiJ.hKoro, ane paHime KopoJib Curi3MYH.D. ABrycT o6iiJ..HB II JlyKallleBi, rpaq>y 3 fypKM, no3HaHCbKOMY soEno.n.i. Ue:M , np116ynum .n.o Jlbnona, 3acTan TaM UIO naHHY mKe y lllJII06i 3 CeMeHoM; 3axon11n naHHy, a KH.H3b CeMeH ne.n.ne >KHBHM yriK. H e 6yJio Mi)K HHMM npHSI3Hi a>K .n.o cMepTi, i TaK [u:i t.tononiKH] noMepnH. MaTH >K, npa rHy t.tH noMCTHTHC.H rpaq>y 3 fypKH, BMMlllJia 3aMi)K 3a Anb6pexTa JlaCbKOfO, XOt.ta Mana B)Ke ni.n. 50 poKin. JiachK1111 )Ke nepe.n.an II y Ke3MapK i TaM JaMopHn y B1 SI3HMU:i; BOHa y BeJIHKHX 3Jll1)I,HSIX CKiH•·JMJia CBO€ )KMTT.H. Ti MaETHOCTi , 11Ki iii BaJie>KaJII1, niH nonepHyn, a .n.oHb-.:.mBi nonycTOiliJ1B. A u11 naHHa, KOJII1 u v • nOMep ll03HaHCbKMH BO€BO}l,a, y I<OTpOrO BOHa )KHJia MaiDJ<C .HI< y B ' .H3HMU:l, BMixana .n.o cnoro lJ.$1lJ.bKa i TaM 6ox eoill:buoro noMepna.

406

KHlfrA III KOCT.HHTHH ,LJ.pynlii , CHH BIIIJ(e3ra.AaHoro KocT.SJHTHHa, KII.H3b OcTp<>3hKIIit, IOIIBCLKIIJ'i l30€BO.Aa, oyB BeJJHKJIM o60p01U~eM pyCI.. JOtJX Ta llO.lliJlbCbKilX KpaiH ni.A noraHnx.

noraHHMn BiH qe pe3 cno·i x cTap o cT t..JMMa-

'}(OCTIIJI IWIUII V py zu t1, I(IUI,111 Oc mpOJI>I(!JU

JIO Jl M)')KHLO DOIOBaB, IlOCIIJiaJOt.IH npOTH BOporiD j ,llBip CBiif, UIJJ.SJXTY H 6o.Sip, .HK-OT

1577 p o Ky . I p aHime, i ni3Hirne niH Ha.AaBaB oeJJHKi Ta 3Hat..JHi

nocJiyru B o6opoHi Pe t..Ji nocnoJJHTii1 KopoHHiit Horo ll.PY*MHOIO 6y;1a rpacpHH.SJ CO<p iSI T a pHOBCbKa, .D.Ot..JKa RHa, rpacpa 3 TapHooa, KpaKiBCbKoro KamTemma. no II CMepTi KH .H310 0cTp03bi<OMY a6o .i1:oro HaU~a)J,Ka M .n.icTaJJOC.SJ 1..JHMa.JIO MiCT, .SJ K-OT: T apHOB, TepHoniJJb, n ep esopCbK i 6 araTO iHUII1X, a TaKO)K 1..JI1Ma.JIO npeKpacHHX ciJJ , I I (c. 9) 36y.noBaHHX 3 BeJIHKI1M11 .nocTaTKaMH, nBa)KaH naHCbKIIX. BiH MaB si.n Hel [Cocpil] Tpbox CHHin: 51Hym a, KocT.SJHTMHa i OJJeKcaH.n.pa. KOCTJIHTHH, He,ZJ.osro llO)KHBlllH Ha cniTi, me 3a )J<YITT.SJ 6aTI>Ka noMep 6e:JWJL106rmM. JIHYIII , CHH KocT.SJHTHHa, KH.SJ3.SJ 3 OcTpora, KHinc:uJ<oro BOEB0/1.11, 6ya KpaKiBCbKMM KauneJI.HHOM. Ue.H B MOJJo,noMy ni~i. MaJ01..Jl1 TiJihKM

JlnyUJ,

CUH

'l(octTUZH·

18 poKiB,

muna, I(JIJlJfl

3po6MB BeJIMKY BTixy csoEMY 6aTbKOBi, BH.SJBMBWM cep~e csolx npe.n.Kis,

OcmpoJbi\PW

CJJaBHHX KH.H3iB Ta reTbMaHiB, KOJ111 CBO€ MiCrO i 3aMOK ,ll,y6HO 060p0HMB si,n noraHHX, KoTpi 3 seJIHKOJO noryroro xoTiJJM i1oro 3}J.06Y'fM. Bi.n.oMo i npo KH.H)KHY KaTepHHy, i1oro cecTpy, To; d me naHHy, .SJJ<a noTiM BMHUJJJa 3aMi)l( 3a KH.H3.H })a,ll311BiJIJia, BiJJeHCbKOfO BOEBOlJ.y; Bi}J.OMO, .HK BiH 3 IlOMi1..J1..JJO Eo)1(010 o6opOHMBC.H Bi,n Hana.n.y ~bOfO KH.H3.H , LUO He € TaEMHM~eiO .U.JJ.H CBiry. Hexaii *e JIMHe naM'.HTb npo 11:oro MY*HiCTh, }J.OKM CTOITb caiT. BiH 3 MOJIO}J.MX JiiT BMxoayaaac.H np11 .nsopi iMnepaTopa MaKCMMiJiiaHa, o .npy>KMBC.H noTiM 1582 poKy a Yropur.11Hi 3 npe.n.cTaBHM~eiO aeJIMKoro i cTapo.n.asHbOro .l\OMY naHia 3pMHbi. 3 HeiO aiH Mas IIMWHe noTOMCTBO. O.l\py>KHBC.H noTiM a .l(pyroiO .l(Ot..JKOIO Ce6acTinHa Jli06oMHpCbKoro, rpa<t>a a B11cHi1.Ja, pO.z:\Y cTapo.naaHboro i 3ac.rry>KeHoro B KopoJJiacTai TioJJbCbKOMy. 3 HeiO 6paa lllJJI06 y CoHl.IY

1597 poKy B .n.eHb en. KaTepMHM.

OJIEKCAH,l.I.P, cMH U.horo * KH.H3.H KocT.HHTHHa, KHIBCbKoro BOEBO.l\11, Ta Co<f>ii, rpa¢n1Hi a TapHoaa, 6ya BOJIHHCbKHM BOEBO.!lOIO. BiH u~e ai csoi"x MO-

OJZe~aniJp,

'(!i.RJb OcmpOJbi@U

JIO.l\HX niT .n:o6pe 3Haa, mo 6yB ypo.naoHMM naH 3 naHiB. CTaaum noBHOJJiTHiM, a' E,ll.Haac.Ha .D.OMOM 3Ha1..JHHX naHiB KocrKia i B3.HB 3 IXHboro .D:OMY AHHY 3illTeM6epKa. ~ HeiO nopo.n.Ms noTOMCTao: .l\BOX CHHiB - KocniHTHHa Ta OJieKcaH.l\pa

i qoTHpbox ,l\Ol.JOK: AHJiY, KaTepHJiY, Cocpi10 i Yp1J1Y1IIO. TioMep, OIIJiaKaHHH HMMH Ta iHlllMMH KH.H3.HMM, CBOIMM pOlJ.Hl..JaMH i ni,n..JierJJMMM.

Y KH.H3.H

KocT.HHTHHa 6yJJo .nai .l\OHbKH. 0JJ.Ha, Mb)l(6eTa, .HKa 6yJJa

BiMaHa 3a KilllJ<Y, )I(MYJJ.CbKoro cTapoC'ry i Kpaifqoro BeJIMKoro KH.H3incTna JlHTOBCbKOrO, 3 po,nOBMTOI <t>aMiJJii, Il01..JaTOK .HKOI ne_nY'fb i3 ilOJlbll{i. )lpyra~OHbKa, KaTepHHa, 6yJia 3a P~3HaiJIJioM, aiJieHChKMM noeao,AoiO, KH.H3eM

Ha ,lly6HHKax i Eip)Kax. Alle ocKiJibKH MH He 3ra,l\aJIH npo nHlllHiCTb cpaMiJiii Pa,z:t3HBiJinia, TO xOTiJIH 6 ~ell{o ,l\OKJia,l\Hirne npo HHX po3noaicTH. ,LJ.anHiCTb ixHboi <t>aMiJiii HJJ.e BiJJ. aacuynaHH..H Bi.nbHa, 6o ixHiu npe~oK nop~HB 3aKJiacTH BiJibHO, 3a ~0 noTiM iM 6y}]O )J.aHO i KH.SI)KHH TMryJI, ..HK npo Qe MH 011C3.JIH y .n.pyriif

407

'Dpe6Hicmb po~ 'l(jrm<i6

KHMrA III KHM3i, BHBO)J.SI\JR reHeanoriiO JIHTOBCbKMX KHR3iB. Tenep >Ke ~bOrO KOpoTeHbKO TOpKHeMOCH, npHICl..naEMO, ~0 HaM aanaM'SITaJIOCSI. MHKOJia:H Pa.n3HBim:t, 6paT Kopo.nesM Bap6apu, KoTpa 6y.na 3a CMri3MfH· .l(OMABrycTOM, I I (c.IO) 'tl)',lJ.OBO npoc.nasuncSIRKKHR3b; 6ysTpo~bKHM soeBO~OIO, a no CMepTi CBOrO ,lJ.BOIOp~HOrO 6paTa, BiJJeHCbKOrO BO€BO~H, KOT· poro no-npoC11WMJ npo3MBaJIH t.IopHHM, 6ys i ni.neHCbKMM aoeao~o10. BiH Mas 'J)pt6HicmtJ .l(Box CHHiB, MuKo.naR i KpumTo<Pa. MuKo.na:H 6yn HOBropo.nchKMM aoesoiJo.My 1Qt.RJi8 PaUJU6i.Mi8 .l(OIO, a KpHmTo<P - HaMBH~MM reTbMaHoM BenuKoro KHR3iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKoro. KpuwTo<P nopo~HB noTOMCTBo: .HHfUia, ni,A'-Iaworo BeJJHKoro KHstJiBCTBa JluTOBChKoro, Ta KpuwTo<Pa; o6M.nsa 6yJIH ~ocai.n'-IeHi y cnpasax pM~apcbKMX i B 3HaHHi cnpaa pi3HHX Hapo.nin. Man niH i ,lJ.Ol.JKf, RK}' BH~as 3aMi)K 3a JleoHa Caniry, KaHQnepa BeJIHKoro KHH3iscTaa JlMTOBCbKoro, [ noTiM] noMep. Ust <PaMi.niR KHH3iB P~3Hai.nJI:is, SIKa no~ae .no6pi p~11, JHaqHO nowHpiO€TbCSI y BeJIMKOMf KHH3iBCTBi JlMTOBCbKOMf. Y qOpHOrO )1(, BO€BO,li.H, 6yno l.JeTBepo CHHiB: €)Ki, Anb6peXT (01bracht), CTaHicnaa i MHKona:H. €)!{1 Pa.n3HBi.nn 6yn cno'1aTI<y aineHCbKHM enHcKonoM, a noTiM nana fpHropi:H XIII 3po6HB :Horo Kap.nHHa.JIOM. BiH Kepysaa y rro60)KHOCTi i cs.sTOCTi )KHTTst KpaKiBCbKHM enHcKoncTBOM HK ~o6pH:H nacTHp, Hi B l.JOMY He lliKO)J.yiO'llH Hi CBOrO 3~0pos'SI, Hi rpomeM. flOXO,lJ.SI'llH Ji 3Hal.JHOrO po.ny, BiH He CXHJISIB l.JOJia nepe~ )KQ)J.HHMM BHnpo6ysaHHSIMH, He Ja6yaaB T)'p6yaaTH.. . CSI npo CBOI BIBQI I He COpOMMBCSI ,lJ.OrJISI)J.aTH IX 3a)J.JIH IIOMHO)KeHHSI XBaJIM bO)KOI. 3a Qe i:foro CJIYlliHO MO)KHa BBa)KaTM H IIO CMepTi B3ipQeM yp.s.D;y M €IIHCKOIICbKHX IIOBHHHOCTeM. A w.o6 rocnO~b Eor 3BOJIHB TaKHX naCTHpia IIO~aBaTH BiT'lll13Hi a6o, IIIBH,lJ.IIIe, BCbOMf xpHCTHSIHCTBy, Tpe6a HaM 3a Qe Horo npocHTH. AJibEPEXT (Albrecht) Pa~3HBiJIJI, KHR3h i3 Hecai)Ka Ta Onm.d, 6ya Mapiiia.nKOM BenMKOro KHH3iBCTBa JlHTOBChKoro. Horo .n.py)KHHOIO 6yna KHHrHHSI KypnHH~CbKa, 3 .HKOIO MaBmH noTOMCTBO, nOKHHYB Qe:H caiT. TiicJIH Hboro :Horo 6paT CTaHicnaa oTpHMaB Map11Ia.JibChKMM yp.H.n,, ane, OCKiJihKH 'H£ii.Moeip1iuU CMJm01C i CTaH 3.ZJ.Opoa'SI He ,D;03BOJIHJIM, He,D;OBrO ne-

pe6yaaB Ha ~bOMY yp.H.n,i. MHKOJIAH 6yn TPO~hKMM noeno.n,o10 i e HHHi aineHCbKHM soeao,D;OIO. Ue:i1 ai~Bi,D;aa CB.HTi MicQ..SI i, Hapo,D;MBlliM lliJI.HxeTHe noTOMCTBO, cpyH~ye KOCThOJIM Ha qecTb i xsa.ny EmKy, 3aKJia,D;ae mnHTa.Jii. BiH BM.HBJI.HE y caolx IIOXMJIMX JiiTaX, BBa)KaM, B3ipeQb CB.HTOI no60)KHOCTi, € CBiT0'4eM CB.HTOI KaTOJIMQbKOI aipH . .AJie IIOBepHiMOC.H ,D;O pycbKMX KH.H3iB . '1Jpe6Hicm11 KH.H3i 3acnaacbKi 3 TMX )Ke npe.n,Kin, pycbKHX KH.H3iB, 6epfTb cai:H noqa1(1UlJi8 3QCJ/a9CbJQJ;c TOK i 3 DO)I<Ol JiaCJ<M npei<paCHO MHO)I<aThC.SI Bi,A CBOrO KH.H3iBCbKOrO I<OpeH11. i 1fp01tCI>~ KHn3i pOHChKi Bi.D; ~MX pycbKHX KHH3iB 6epyTb caiii noqaTOK, mo ni.D;Tnep,li,)KYIOTh TaKO)K JIHCTH no.n,iJiiB i JIHCTH 3i cKap6y Hal15tcHirnHx I I (C. 11) ix MOCTeM IIOJihCbKMX KOpOJiiB, $1K-OT: JIHCT KHH3iB HODOCeJibCbKliX, 0.D;OEBChKMX i BopoTHHCbKHX, KOTpi ni.D;.u.ananncn KopoJieni KaJnMHPY• nparHy"liM MaTH o6opoHy Di)J. BeJIMKOrO KHn311 MOCKODCbKOrO, JIIiCTii ae;mKOI"O KH.SI3.H poHCbKOro Ta DCJI11KOrO KHH3.SI OepencJiaDCbKOrO. A Qi BIIKO-

408

KHMrA III pwcTOB}'JOTb rep6 3ri)lHO 3 rep6oM cnolx cTapo.n.asHix npeJlKiB, pyc~>KHX KH.R3iB , T06TO rep6 «DOrOH.H». ,lleRKi KH.R3i, KOTpi e a6o 6yJIH y JlnTni i1 Ha BoJIJ1Hi. 6epyTh csii1 not.Ja- T OJ.AIIIO· :N<eHH.Jl TOK Di.A fe.AI1MiHa, DeJIIIKOrO KH.R3.H Jli1TOBCbKOI'O , Di.LJ, .HKOrO llOXO.AHB i KO- P!JCbi(U~ pOJib llOJibCbKI1il JI rarJJio . Hai1noTy)J<HiUJIIMM 3 UbOro po.n.y 6yJIM KH.R3i I(H.slJi6 CnyUbKi, KOTpnx D)Ke He 3a.TIM1III1JIOC.R. Ui seJIM cnii1 pi.n. si.n. KH.R3.H OJibrep.n.a, CHHa fe,llMMiHOBOrO, ~0 6yn no 6aTbKOBi BeJIMKHM KH.R3eM JIMTOBCbKJ1M. BiH nopo.ZJ.MB CHHiB JlraiiJJa, CKnprai1JJa, HapMMYHTa, Jho6apTa, BoJIOJJ.MMHpa, Jl.RHrBMHa, EopHca, Kop11rai1Jia, CBHJJ.pHrai1Jia, BiryH.ZJ.a, AH.n.pi.R, EyTasa.Horo 6paT KeikT)'T MaB CMHiB BiTOBTa, Kop116yTa, naTpMUi.H, TOTMsiJia, CMriaMyH,na, Boii.n.aTa i Jl:onroTa. A 3 UHX I<Hnaia iHwi I<H.H3i noxo.ZJ..RTb .RK y JlHTBi, TaK i Ha Bom1Hi. Oco6mmo )K npo Ieana, KH.R3.R t:{opTopm1cb- Vpelrnicmt. I(H.slJiG Koro, poanoni.naJOTb nOJibChKi i1 pychKi xpoHii<H, ToMy u~o niH y6MB BeJIH- tt{opmo· Koro KH.R3.R JIMTOBCbKoro CHri3M}'H.lJ.a, 6o TOM BHic yco6m~i y secb CTapo- puucbi(U~ .n.asHii1 KH.H)l(MM HapO.ZJ. i pin~apCTBO CTaHy, BCi npana H BOJibHOCTi ncysaB, aa6ysw11 npo cso10 np11o1ry. 11po 1.\C n11me 6araTo icTopMKiB, .HK-oT: BanoscbKHH, MexoscbKHH, KpoMep Ta iHllli. EJIM3bKO 1560 poKy ~e )KMB OJieKcaH.n.p. KH.R3b t.IopTopHHCbKMH, aoJIMHCbKMH soeso.n.a; 3aJIMlliHD CHHa M11xai1lla. Uei1 Mas .npy>KMHOIO Xo.n.KeBHtJiBH)', rpacpHHIO Ha lliKJiosi i Ha M11wi, cecTpy siJieHCbKoro KawTeJI.HHa i )I(M'}'.ZJ.CbKOro crapocTM. B~ Hei 3aJIMWHJIMC.H Hall.\a,z:(KM, KOTpi 11 HHHi naH)'IOTb. CAHfYIIIKM 3 QHMH )K qopTopHHCbKMMM MaiOTb nol.JaTOK si.n. O.l\HOro KOpeH.H, y KOTp11X, BBa)KaH, 3aB:>KJJ:I1 cepl.\.R H .lJ.Yllli 6yJI11 KH.R3iBCbKHMH. XpoHiKM po3nosi.n.aiOTb npo e.n.opa CaHrywKa, mo 6ys MapwanKoM Vpelrnicm1> I(]UlJi6 BoJII1HCbKOI 3eMJii i BOJIOJJ.MMMpcbKI1M CTapocTOIO. Bi.A Hhoro 6yJIH Hall.(a,z:(KI1: CaH.Zyuu(j6 ,nMMTpo CaHrywKo, KOTporo 36oposcbKMH, oniJ<YH KH.Hri1Hi 0cTp03bKOi, 3a Te, mo BMKpas II Bit\ MaTepi, s611s, a naHHY nosepHys MaTepi 1554 poJ<Y. POMAH CaHrymKO, piJJ.HMH 6paT QbOro ,li,MHTpa. Ue 6ys My)K, ri.l\HMH Bi'iHOI CJiaBM .H naM'.RTi, MYP PycbKHX i no.AiJibCbKHX KpaiH. BiH 6ys 6paQJiaBCbKMM BO€BO.l\OIO, Ha,l\BipHHM reTbMaHoM BeJIMKOro KH.H3iBCTBa lh1TOBCbKoro, CTapOCTOIO )KJ1TOM11pCbKI1M, BiHHMQbKMM i 6pauJiaBCbKHM. IloMep 20 TpasHSI1571 poey. 3aJIHWHB si,z( lliJII06y 3 Xo,AKeBHl.JiBHOIO, ,AOHbKOIO siJieHcbKoro KawTeJI.R:Ha, reTbMaHa BeJIHKoro /I (c. 12) KH.R:aiscTBa JIMTOBCLKoro, CHHa PoMaHa i TpbOX .AO'-IOK: Map' .RHY, OJieKCaHJJ.py i <l>e,Aopy. Map'.RHa 6yJia aa IsaHoM, KHSI3eM 3acJiaBCbKHM, soeso,AOIO ni,D.JISICbKHM; OJieKcaH,npa- 3a KHSI3eM TipoHChKHM, KawTemtHOM TpouLKHM, a <l>e.Aopaaa CTaHicJiasoM P~311MI1HCbKHM, JiiBCbKHM cTapocTOIO, iT. ,A. Bi,n: ~11x *e KHSI3is niUIJIH KHSI3i KowepchKi, a ui MaiOTb csoi MaeTHocTi q)ptHHictnb IQUlJi6 y JIHTBi i1 Ha BOJIHHi; 3JJ.aBHa BOHOBHI1'1i Ta cJiaBHi M}'~i, KoTpi MaJIH l.JHMa- 1\I'uttpa.~ JIO BeJIMKHX 611TB 3 TaTapaMH Ta 3 MOCKBOIO. [(i KHSI3i 6epfTb CBiH llOl.JaTOK si.n OJibrep.na H Jiro6apTa, CHHiB re):\HMiHOBHX. KHSI3i BHwHeBeUhKi, cJiasHi, M}')l(Hi, nposopHi i1 ,ni.R:JibHi M}'~i. 6epyrb 'Dpe8Hitme. csiu no"'aToK si.n. Kop116yra, CHHa KeiicryTosoro, pi.AHoro 6paTa BhosTa. [(eu KeiicryT 6ys TpouLKHM KHS13eM i Mas micTLox CHHis, cepe,A SIKUX 6ys i Kop116yr.

409

JQ~A]i8

'Buuuu·

6tve.JOl.t

KHHrA III t1Jpe6Hkm11

KHH3i 36apa3hKi Be.A}'Tb cniii notJaTOK ni~ Banvm KopM6yToBw'la, Ha·

l(!tSlJiO

36apaJ~ ll\a;:\Ka KHH3iB BeJIHKOfO KHH3iBCTBa JIHTOBCbKOfO, ~e CTapo,u.asHiH pit\. CTecpaH 36apa3bKMH 6ys Tpo~bKMM soeso~01o; nan cnoKiHHMH, 6araTHH,

My.n;pHif, po3cy.n;nnsnl1, .n;ocsi~1.JeHHH y pM~apcbKHX cnpasax. MMKOJiai136apa3bKMH, KpeMeHeQbKHH cTapocTa, pi.n;HMH 6paT Qboro soeso~u. 6ys TaKO)K naHoM cnoKiHHMM, a.ne aas)K~M TPHMaB np11 co6i tiM· MaJIMH IlOtJT pHl\apcbKMX JIIO.n;ei1. 3 HHMH 8 pa3i Il0Tpe6M BiH ni.n;npaBJIHB npOTM noraHMX CBOIX 6oHp a6o lllJIHXTf, KOTpi MaJIH CBOI MaETHOCTi }' HOfO .n;ep)KaBaX i KOTpi OTpHMYBaJIM Bit( HbOfO 3Ha1.JHe 3a6eane1.JeHHH. HHym 36apa3hKHM, 6paQJiaBChKMH noEso.n;a, KpeMeHeQbKHH cTapocra, v v • • ' •• • TOM, BB3.)Kal1, BlAHOBMB 1M H CBOIX CJI3.BHI1X npe.l(KlB, tiaCTO BMOtiysaB CBOIO ma6JIIO y noraHCbK}' KpOB. 3Hai0Tb MOCKOBCbKi BiHCbKa i npHKOp~OHHi JaMKH i1oro M}')KHIO CHJIY, 3a i1oro npMKlla.l(OM np11 CBHToi naM'HTi KoponiO CTecpaHi nicJIH si.n;'l3.l(}' MeJiel..\hKoro iHmi reThMaHH 3,u.o6ysan11 co6i cnany. BiH Hie Ha co6i, ssa11<ai1, reTbMaHCbKHM ypH.U. ni.n; BeJIHKHMH JlyKaMH, ni.u. CoKoJIOM i rri.u. Toporr~eM, BiMasas KoponiO CTe<}JaHy [rroJioHeHHX] reTbMaHiB .. . 13 KoporsaMH, BIAAaB CBOI MY)KHI3acJiyrM 3 IHlllHMH KopoJIIBCbKMMH .nsop.a-

HaMH HK Il3.H, CaM CJiaBH i M}')KHOCTi CllOBHeHHH, i He 3a3.U.pHB CJiaBIIHillMX. BiH Mas 3a .u.py)KHH}' KHH)KHY t.IeTsepTHHCbKY, si.n; KoTpol 3aJIHillHB nOTOM'l(MJi ttfem6ep- cTso: CHHis i ,u.otiOK. Ui KHH3i t.IeTsepTHHChKi TaM )Ke Ha BoJIMHi 6ep}'Tb csiii . . . muncbl(j Il01.JaTOK Bl,lJ. )J.aBHlX pyCbKHX KHH31B. BmL~McJiaB, KHH3b 36apaahKI1M, TpeTii1 6paT mu~eJra,a.aHoro CTecpaHa,

i 10pii1, t~eTsepTHM 6paT. 06M~Ba 33.B)K.lJ.M ai csoiMH .n;sopaMH Ta 6o.HpaMM 6yJIM roToni cTaTM Ha o6opoHy Pet~i IlocnoJIMTOi, ixHH cecTpa 6y;1a si)(.ll.aHa aa EasopcbKoro, noTiM soHa Hapo,u.I-wa CMHa MMKOJiaH Ta .n;ot~Ky AHHy,

'l(MJi

'BopoHeyt>l(j 'l(H.flJi Py:HCUH.Cl>J(j

ll(O 6yJia si.u..n.aHa 3a KHH3H OJieKcaH,u.pa IlopM~bKOfO, I I (c. 13) ~i rropH~bKi T3.KO)K Be)J.}'Tb CBiM pi~ Bi~ CTapo,n:aBHiX pycbKHX KH.H3iB. BopoHe~bKi 6ep}'Tb csii1 rrot~aToK si.n Toro )I( npe.n;Ka, mo i KHH3i BmnHeneQhKi Ta 36apa3bKi. KHH3i Py)KHHChKi si.n. KopiaTa, CMHa fe.nMMiHosoro, Be/l}'Th csiM. noqaToK; Qe My)Ki seJIMKoi cJiaBM, BOHH JaB)I<JJ;H 6yJIH roTosi ~o pH~apcbKMX cnpas , qacTo HMll(MJIM noraHHx, HI< rypKiB, TaK i TaTap. BoHn 6ysan11 TaKO)K . . . y 3anop03bKMX K03aKIB fCTbMaHaMH,li;HIJlbHMMI1, cnpaBHHMI11 ~aCJIMBHMM.

Y QMX p)'CbKHX KpaHX

M iHlllMX KHH3iB Ta naHiB tiHMaJIO . .5J:K6M MH XOTiJIH nepeJiiqynaTM BCiX, TO He BHCTatiMJIO 6 Hi tiacy, Hi nanepy. Bci BOHM JIIO,l.(H MY)I(Hi, pHQapchKi i seJIHKoro cepQ.H; cJiana i 3HaMeHHTiCTh ixHix pH~apchKMX cnpas Hexa:H JieTMTh a)K ni.u xMapH. €

H ix ycix BMi~yiO y QbOMY sipllli:

/Jo6pozo 6am'b1W oo6pi 6y6a?Om'b CUUU, rpaouBa i EeJUUYHU UaU&aOKU cnpaBJfCH.i, Bmlu ziihli oi1t1wi" cJzaeu i Bi1t1-Wi. naM 'Rmi, Y -z&OOMY i.At OX(JI{e BURB.fl.R?Om'b BOR'tl'Hicm'b capMamcoxi At)'JU.

KHJirA III

. .

qACTHHA..,II KHMrH III, y KOTpl:U: MICT:U:TbCJI

Q.IIMC KOP,l];OHIB '"' PYCbKOI 3EMJII TA IIPOBIHIJ;IM, ~o HaJieJKaTL ,21;0 KopoHH IloJibChKOi Ta BeJIHKoro KHJI3iBCTBa JlHTOBCbKoro, JIK-oT: JlbBiBCbKOI, raJIHD;bKOI, JieJI3bKOI, XoJIMCbKoi, IIepeMHCbKoi, IIo,l.J;i.JILcbKoi, BoJIHHChKol, KniBChKoi, McTHCJiaBCbKoi, BiTe6cbKoi, IIoJIOD;hKoi Ta iumux 3eMeJih. A HacaMnepe,ll; .• OIIHC KOP~OHIB PYCbKOI 3EMJII

~~~..:UycbK}' aeMJIIO a.nanHa

3Byrb PoKconaHiEIO. BoHa Jle)KMTb Ha cxo.ni Kono Einoro o3epa, 6i;ur piKM TaHalc, KOTpa Bi.l(,nill.siE AaiiO Bi.l( €npon11; Ha aaxo,ni BOHa MeiKyE 3 Ba.JiaCbKMMM Ta MOJI,l(aBCbKMMii aeMJI.siMM, 3 ni B.D;H.si ni ,n;.l(ill.siiOTb II [ ni.l( cyci.l(iB] rop11 TaTpM. lcHyE TPM Pyci: O,l(Ha- .6ina, .n:pyra- l..JopHa, TpeT.si- l..JepnoHa. Eina po3TawonaHa KOJIO KMEBa, MoaMp.si, McTHCJiana, BiTe6CbKa, Opwi, I1oJIOQbKa, CMoJieHCbKa i CinepcbKOI 3eMJii, KOTpa a.n:anHa I I (c. 14) HaJieiKMTb .l(O BellHKoro KH.si3iBCTBa liMTOBCbKoro. '-IopHa Pycb po3TawonaHa y MocKOBCbKiH aeMJii KOJIO Einoro oaepa i TaM npocT.RraETbCH .n:o A3il. l..JepnoHa JieiKMTb np11 ropax, KoTpi anyTb .6ecKM,naMM. He10 nono,niE nOJibCbKMH KOpoJib, i BOHa HaJie:>KMTb .no KopoHM [I1ollbCbKOi], a caMe: KoJIOMH.si, )I{M.l(a"liB, CH.RTMH, PoraTMH, EycbK iT. ,l(. HMiK"le rip JieiKaTb TaKi noniTM, HK fa.JIMQbKMH, TiepeMMCbKMH, C.RHOQbKMH, a nocepe.l(MHi JieiKHTb cnanHe MicTo Jlbain i :Horo .n;aa aaMKM: BepxHiH i HM)I{Hiif. TaM 3HaXO.l(MTbC.R roJiona nciEi PycbKoi aeMJii, .RKa HaJiemHTb .l(O KopoHM I1oJibCbKoi. Ha ninHi"l JieiKaTb XoJIMCbKMii, EeJI3bKMH i JlYQbKHii noniTM. Ha nin,n;Hi Me)l{eiO PycbKoi aeMJii E rop11 TaTpH Ta piKa ,llHicTep; Ha cxo.l(i - piKa TaHaic i TiepeKoncbKa aeMJia. Ha ninHot~i Pycb MaE cyci,n;KOIO JIHTOBCbKY aeMJIIO, a ua aaxo.n:i- IJOJibCbKy. Ha Pyci E t~OTHPM nip11: pHMCbKa, rpeqbKa, Enpe:HcbKa i nipMeHCbKa, oco6JIMBO y KaM' HHI.d Ta Jlbnoni. HaceJieHHH Pyci - CJIOB 'SIHCbi<e, pycbi<e, rpeqbKe i nipMeHCbKe. BipMeHH - qe npeKpacui t<ynqi, SIKi ia,n;SITb .l(O Ka4>11, KoHcTaHTHHonoJISI, Anei<caH,n;pii, ,n;o €rHnTf, ,n;o Kaipa (Alkaira) i aJK 11.0 IH.l(ii, noaat~H Tf.l(H i1: npHB03H"'H ani.n:Tu Tonapu. 3 anocToJiiB BOHR

411

1\ppiJoHU

Pycb1(pi

Je.M.Ili !l!Tpu Pyci

"{omupu 8ipu na Pyci

KHMrA III Hai16iJibllle IllaH}'JOTb en. Ta.l(eH i en. Bap¢oJioMeH, Tnep.l(HqH, mo caMe Qi HaBqHJIH ix BipH. Pycb ~ep)I(MTbCH rpe~bi<MX ~OKTOpiB i TeOJIOriB, HK-OT: BacHJiiu BenHKHM, loaHH 3onoToycTHM, fpHropit:i Ha3iaHCbK11M (Ha3iaH3HH). KopHCT}'IOTbCH TaKO)I( KHHraMH pHMCbKOro nanH fpHropiH, oco6JIHBO THMH, I.I.lO 6yn11 DHCaHi npo~topa.A:b.

A menep no noj»lmcy onuULeMo Micma, Ja.M:Ku i pycMci npooiu:y,i~ .mci uaMJICam'b a6o oo Kopouu, a6o oo Be.rtu'K020 X'H.R3iocmoa JlumoBC'b'K020.

MicTa i nponiH~il pycLKi, BXO)J;.HTL )J;O KopoHH IIoJILCLKoi

JlhBIBCbKA I

r AJTHU:bKA

3EMJ1H

JlbBiB - pycbKe MicTO, I.I.lO HaJie)KHTb 'llflul~em

~o KopoHI1 lloJibCbKOI, He € 3BI1qafiHHM npHKop~oHHHM MicTOM, a € CTOJIH-

Hicm&

i6npa&icmb 1.\eiO .l(JIH ncix TaMTelllHix )KHTenin. BoHo Ha3BaHo JlbBOBOM Bi.l( pycbKOro Jl&6i61lH KHR3H Jleaa. MicTo OTO'-IeHe no.l(aiifHI1M MYPOM i CHJibHHMH 6alllTaMH, TaKO)K BaJIOM i fJIH60KHM pOBOM, .D:OCI-i:Tb ,l(06pe CnOpH,n::>KeHe BOrHellaJibHOIO 36p0€10 i BO€HHHMH npJ.<~nacaMH; Jie)I(MTb y B,l(aJIOMY ,n:JIH o6opOHH MiCQi.

BoHo € cnaBHMM i nopH~HHM y Hami qacH, o6~apoaaHHM 3HaqHHMM BOJibHOCTHMH. L(e MicTO He MO)I(e npHnycTHTMCH llOMMJIOK y cnpaBaX ynpaaJiiHH.H, Il(O MOM}' 6 3aliiKO.lJ:HJIO, ll03a.HK y CeHaTi CH.lJ:HTb TaKi B'IeHi JIIO.l(H, HKi TiJibKH € y MicTi. KoJIH )KHTeni MicTa 6aqaTb MOJIO,n:HKa, oxot:Ioro .l(O HayK, TO HaBiTb RKil.\0 BiH i He Ma€ CTaTKiB, llOCHJiaiOTb MOfO B'IHTHC.SI KOIIlTOM MicTa. lloTiM npH3HaqaiOTb ix .n:o TaKol npa~i, .HKa si.n:noai,n:a€ ixHiM 3,n:i6HoCTHM; HKil\O t:i,n:pb no .n:yxonHiif niHii, I I (c. 15) TO ni.n:pa3y ,n:aiOTb iM yrpnMaHHH, .HKil.\0 )I( no CBiTChKiM, TO O.ll:PY:>KYIOTh IX 3i CBOIMH ~Ot:IKaMH, naHHaMH a6o s.n:onaMH, .u.onoMaraJOl.JH iM nocicTH ri,n:He cTaHOBMil\e. Ocb TaK 3aB)K.lJ:H 3a,n:JIH oo6pa Petii flocnoAumoi· ii 3Mil.(HIOIOTh ri.n:HHMH JIIO,l(hMH, 6o, 3HaiOqH npo TaKHX, 6epyTu ix .n:o csoro TonapacTna, ,n:aJOTh iM yrpaMaHH.H, 3aJI)'qaiOTb ,n:o CJiy)K6H KOpOJIIO iT. ,n:. Qe MicTO Ma€ Ha Dit:IHi qacH rep6: qopHHM nen Ha 30JIOTOMY noni y KopoHi. TaKHM rep6 BHKopMcTonyaan KHH3h Jlen i .n:aa npe.n:KaM JihBin'.SIH. Dpo nop.H,n:KH y U.hOMY MicTi ~onenoc.H 6 .n:oaro nHcaTH, ane 3apa.n:11 CTMCJIOCTi BHKJia,n:y MYCHMO nocTaBHTH ryr KpanKy. Y MiCTi € ,n:na 3aMKI1: O}J.HH y MiCTi , a ,n:pynn1 Ha}J. MiCTOM, Il.\0 CTOITh Ha JJ.y)Ke BHCOKiM ropi i p03TaliiOBaHHM y Micl.(i, HKe npeKpaCHO Ha)J.a€ThCH )1.0 o6op0HH. Uei1: 3aMOK BH.D:HO Ha ni,ncrani 10 MI1Jib. TaM, y JlhBOBi, MiCTHTbCH apxi€nHcKonchKa CTOJIH~H , TaM :>KHBe i pycuKHM Mt-iTpOllOJIHT, TaM t:IHMaJIO xpaMiB pHMCbKoi Ta rpei~bKoi peJiirii1. BipMeHM TaKO)f( MaiOTb TaM [enol] 1.\epKBH i CBOfO ( HaMBHil\OfO] CB.Hll\eHHKa. TG.Au'lt- ~e .n:epea'.HHe MicTo, SIKe npocTHrJIOCSt,ny:>Ke mnpoKo. (l(e CTOJIHI.\H) o.n.Horo 3 pychKHX KH.H3iBcTn, KOTpe ai;~ Ba.nacbKOI 3eMJii niMiJI.SI€ piKa Dpyr, a 3 iHmoro- T11pac, KoTpHi:i 3BHt:Iai1Ho Ha3HBaiOTb )1,HiC1·poM. 3aMOK, HK i MiCTO, € ,nepea'JIHHM, BiH CTOITh Ha ropi , 36y.UOBaHHii )J.aBHO, Ma€ DciJIHKi 3aco611 .n.o o6opOHH.

412

KHHr A III

Oco Hailzo.rweHimi noeimoei .Micrna, ?Cornpi poJmawoeaui y Jl'oeieco?Ciu ma TMU1:f,o1ciu Je.M.rmx )J(uoa'tlio- Ha DoKyTTi, .nepes' HHe ii w11poKe Mie1·o. BoHo Jie)KnTb Ha.n piKoiO CTpml, a 3aMoK- Ha ropi, niH oTol.JeHMM sanoM. ropooO?<. MicTO ii 3aMOJ< JIC)J<aTb y piBHHHi Mi)f( 6oJIOTaMH, OTOt.JeHi napKaHaMH. fopOll.OK poaTaiUOBaHI111 :Ja '-lOTH pH MHJii ni.n. JlhBOBa. Eyco'K. MicTo .nepen '.sme, OTOl.leHe napi<aHaMH, BOHO Jie)f(HTh Mi)f( cTasaMH i 60JIOTaMn ua Bi,ncTaHi ll.ICCTH MMJlb Bi.z:r; JlbBOBa. 3 U11X 60JiiT BMTiKa€ piKa Eyr, .flKOIO B03.siTh pi3Hi Tonap11 3 BoJIHHi Ha BicJiy. Cmpuu. ,ll.epen'.HHe MicTo, .ni<e Jie)JOfTh Hall. Oll.HOi1MeHHoro pii<oro. Buw'HJl. MicTo Jie)f(J1Tb Ha piBHMHi Mi)f( 6oJioTaMM Ha,n piKoiO i% Ha3BaHo Bl)J; IMeHI ptKJ1. C?iflmu:H. ,ll.epen'.s~He MicTo, OTO'-IeHe napKaHaMH. BoHo Jie)I(MTb np11 saJiaChKOM)' KOp,li,OHi, qepe3 .SIKI111 Te"'e piKa npyT. Bi.z:r; Jlhnona 12 MMJib. Pozamu1i. ,llepes'.s~He MicTo, oTol.JeHe napKaHaMH. BoHo Jie)f(MTb Ha piBHHHi, '1epe3 .SIJ<Y Tel.le piKa PoraTHHKa. 3aMOK CTOITb Ha BHCOKii% ropi Mi)l( 6oJioTaMM i1 o3epaMI1. Bi.n. JlhBOBa 10 MMJib. KoJWMUR. ,llepes'.sme MicTo, ~o Jie)I(MTb ni.n roporo Ha.n. piKOIO ITpyT. TaM .n.o6ysaiOTb ciJib. ,l(oAuu.a. ,llepes'srHe MiCTO, RKe Jie)I(J1Tb Mi)f( ropaMH. I I (c. 16) Jlw6a1ti8. ,lJ.epes' .RHe MiCTO y )J;OJIHHi. 3aMOK CTOITb Ha 60JIOTaX Mi)l( BO.z:r;aMM.

HaM:roJIOBHiiiii ceHaTopH ~i€1 3eMJii JlbBiBCbKI1W apxiEnMCKOn PycbKMH BOEBo.z:r;a reHepanbHMH JlbBiBCbKI1H KawTeJisrH faJIMI.lbKMH { JII06a"liBCbKMH Kopozoa Jl'boioco?Coi 3e.M.Ili: :JICoomuu Aeo y 30JLomiu 1eoponi, R'KUU cnu1iaEm'bCJl, na CKeA10, .1ta3Jpooe noM, ma1CUM 1iU1iO.M:

A r ll/l,U'lJ'bXOi"3eMJl,i 1<.opozea: 1Cop01t08a'lta Z0./1,1Ca 3po3Xpum'Ulttu ,Cfru.tta.Mul 801t0MJ nOAi.

Fep6 Ma6 maXUU 8U2.11Jl,{J:

413

"U!Jr

KHMrA III

EEJ13bKA 3EMJ1H DeJIJ. )lepeB' HHe IllMpoKe MicTo, r.no Jie)I(J1Th Ha JiyKax . .l{epes 'HHMH JaMOK cToiTh Ha.rt. 6oJioTaMH, HKi IllHpOKO po3JUfJIJ1CH . .l{o HbOfO HiKOJII-1 He ,l(OJieTHTb TaTapCbKa CTpiJia. Cmw.11:o. MicTo Ha piBHMHi, oTo'leHe MypoM. BoHo Jie)KMTb H~ piKoro ByroM, a JaMOK CTOiTb Ha BHCOKiM ropi. rpy6ew..ie. MicTe'lKO M33MOK Ha ropi. TopoiJJW. MicTO CTOiTb Ha BeJIHKHX OCTpoaax, a 33MOK Ha BHCOKiH ropi H~ piKoiO EyroM. Fpa60Be?!,'b. .l{epea'SIHe MicTO Ha piBHHHi, a 3aMOK CTOITb Ha BMCOKiH ropi, He,l(ocrynHMH qepe3 caMy np11po.ny i Jaxm.~eHe Mic~e. TUUWBU'lf,i )lepea'HHe MicTo Ha piBHHHi, a JaMOK cToiTb Ha ropi. I I (c. 17) EeJI3hKa JeMJIH MaE .nsox Hai1sa.iKJIHBilll11X ceaaTopis: BOEBo.ny i KalllTeJIHHa.

Kopozea 3e.MC'bKa: 6iAuu yKopouoeauuu zpu¢ y 'tlepoouo.My noJti, mmcu.M 'llU?iOJit:

XOJIMCbKA 3EMJI.H XonM. MicTo oTo'I.JeHe napKaHal\m, CJiaBHe Tl1M, ~0 € apxiEnl1CKOllCbKOIO CTOJIMI.\CIO. )J,epeB '.HHifH 3aMOK CTOiTb Ha BMCOKiH ropi, HOfO BI1,li,HO Ha Bi,li,CTaHi 'tJOTHpbOX MHJib. 3aMOK 06Ma3aHl1H fJIMHOIO. Kpacuocmao. MypoaaHe MicTo, ~o Jie)KHTb Ha 6epe3i wwpoKoro o3epa. MypoaaHHH JaMOK poJTamoaaHHH Ha pim-mHi 6inn Toro )K o3epa, iloro [ JaMOK.-/0. M.] OMI1Ba€ cy.nHonJiaima piKa Benp. KpacHOCTao po3TaliiOBaHHH 3a 7 MHJib oi.n Jho6niHa. Y I.J.bOMY MicTi 11: HHni )[CHBe reHepa;II>Hmi crapocTa HOrO MHJIOCTi KOpOJI.H.

414

I<HHrA III

Panwo. '-IIIMaJle ~epen'.sme MiCTO, 11(0 JJC){<I1Th Mi){< BCJH1KJIMH 60JI<>Ta3a 24 MJUii ni~ XoJJ Ma. l.Jepe3 MicTO T5ffHCTLOI MiC'l', a 3aMOI< CTO'iTh Ha

BHCOKiii ropi, 3 O}l.HOfO 6m<y BiH OTOl.JCHm'i pii<OIO TiepeneT, a 3 iHillOfO-

(c. 18) Jbo6oe1l.R. MicTo JJC){(HTL H~ piKoiO Eyr, a JaMOI< po3Tawonamti1 Ha BMcoKiif ropi.

piKOIO Typ Ta Tp5fcOBHHOJO.

l..J.SJ

3CMJISI Ma€ }l.BOX HallfOJJOBHiUIIIX CCllaTopiB, T06TO €1IJ1CKOHa Ta

KalliTCJUIHa.

3e.:I1Cb1W 'Kopozea Ataf 3o6paJI(eJ-£1ut up6a: 6iauu oei'JAtii'Jb no.Mi.?IC rnjJUoMa i'Jepeerutu y 30Aomo.,w,y noAi, mmw.J.t '~tuHOAt:

TIEPEMI1CbKA 3EMJI51 IlepeMMliiJib. MyponaHe MiCTO, ~o Jie)I(MTb Ha,n: cy,nHonJiaBHOIO piKOIO CHHOM. TaM MaE cno10 CTOJIMQIO EnMcKon. 3aMOK CTOITb Ha BMCOKiM ropi Ha ,n;pyroMy 6oQi piKM, OTOt.ICHMH HaBKOJIO 6amTaMM. TaM po3TamosaHMi1 seJIMKMM ca.n;, a6o 3Bip11HCQb, i1oro KopoJiiBChKoi MOCTi, ,li;C € CMJia-CI-fJICHHa BciJIHKMX TBapMH. Ca.M6ip. MicTo, oTot.teHe napKaHOM, ~o JIC)I(MTb Ha,n; piKOIO TMpOM. BoHo pa3oM i3 3aMKOM CTOiTb 6iJHI yropchKoro Kop,noHy. ,l(pozo6u1t. MicTO OTOt.ICHC BO)l,OIO, BOHO CJiaBHC CO)IHHMMH KpMHMQHMM. Olumc. )J,epes' SIHe MicTo, ~o 36y.ll.oBaHe Mi:>K ropaMH Ha,n piKoiO CHHOM; Ha ropi BMCOKHH3aMOK. //(c. 19) llepeeopCbx. MyposaHe MicTo Ha ropi, oToqeHe MypoM, JIC)I(HTb Ha.A piKOIO MeqKoiO. Kporno. MyposaHe MicTo, KOTpe OMMBa€TbCH Jl.OBKOJia piKoiO .HceJibJl.OIO. nocepeJU1Hi MiCTa npoTiKa€ iHma piKa - BiCJIOK. 3a niBMMJii si)l. KpocHa 3MYposaHO Ha BHCOKiH ropi 3aMoqoK, HKHH yKpin)ICHHH caMOIO npHpOJl.OIO, MiCQCM, 3pft.IHHM ,lVISI o6opOHH, i DOT}'>KHHMH 6amTaMH,

415

KHHfA III TpH Ha:HroJIOBHirui ceHaTopH IlepeMHCbKOi aeMJii: €nHCKOn {

KauiTeJUIH

nepeMMChKl

CSIHOQhKMH KauiTeJISIH

3eMCMCa xopoeea .MaE 3o6pa:HCC'H/H.R eep6a: :JICOBmUU aeoeOJWBUU ojJM y 30JlOmiu Kopoui ua Aruypoeo.My nO.!Li, mmcwt 'l.tU1W.M:

TIO,llJJibCbKMH KPAti I l o.ll.iJihChKMH Kpaii .li.)')Ke seJIHKHH. BiH Jle)KMTb 6iJISI BaJiaCbKOrO Ta MOJl.l(aBCbKOrO KOp.li.OH}' Ha niB.l(Hi. Ha CXO.ll.i BiH Me)l(}'€ 3 piKOIO ,l.(oHoM, ~o 6iJISI MeoTiHChKoro o3epa Ta EsKCMHChKOro MOpSI, TSirHeTbCSI a)K .li.O nepeKoncbKMX TaTap. I I (c. 20) BiH Ma€ .n.y)Ke seJIHKi nopo)KHi noJISI. USI KpaiHa po;.:voqa i 6araTa sciM, 11.(0 po.li.HTb 3eMJist:. Kom1. opaq 6)'.l(b-.SIK KHHe HaCiHHSI B 3eMJIIO, see O)J.HO 6y.ll.e MaTH )' eTO pa3iB 6iJihllle KOpHeTi. ilOJJSI i JJ)'Kli TaM pO.li.IO'lli HanpO'll)'.ll., a 3 TpaBH Jie.l(Be no6a'lli1Ill porH BOJJa. O.li.HaK I..Vl 3eMJist: HaCTiJihKH Tsep.ll.a i TaK .li.OBro Jie)KaJia QiJIHHOIO, mo opaqi M)'C.SITb snpRrant y npMa no .nsaHa.li.QSITh soJJiB i see O)J.HO HeHMOBipH)' TSI)KKicTb npaQi no6a'llHlll i3 BTOMJieHOfO .l(IlXaHHR BOJiiB. 'Eazamcm8a JiicH .n.y)Ke 6araTi Ha Me.n. i naciKH, cKpi3h y .li.)'DJISICTHX .n.epesax i nHnx nonoiJi.n bCbi(.U{. I(JJQiH BHO 6)J.)KiJI, KOTpi HaKOnH'll)'IOTb TaM Me.l(. BeJIHKi CTa)J.a i 3rpai piJHHX TBa-

pHH i nTaxis )J.y)Ke noni06JISIIOTb QIO KpaiHy. TyT cno'llaTK)' )KHJIH anaHH, roTH, reTH, K)'MaHH, nonosQi i poKconaHH. A qepKa~aHH (czerkasanie) i1 .li.OCi TaM, Ha)J. ,ll.HicTpoM, MaJOTb csoi 3eMJii.

Oc'b uauzo.Jwe1-dmi Micma y y,iu Kpai.'l-li: KaMiu-t~'b. U e MicTo cToiTh 6iJIR sanaebKOro KOp)J.oHy i 36)'J..lOBaHe, Ma-

6yTh, DO)KOIO pyKoJO Mi)l( Tnep.n.HMH i1 ypsHeTHMH cKeJUlMH. BoHo Ma€

416

KHMrA III TiJil>KH.UBi 6paMIL BHacni)lOI< cBoro [ tmri;~Horo] po3Tamynaun.n 3aMOK TeJK HanpO'I)'.ll. o6opOHHHH. BiH CKpi3b OTO'leHJiti CKeJI51Mll, HOfO, HK i MiCTO, v

OMHBa€ .n.onKOJia piKa CMoTpu'-1. 11oro OTO'-IY€ i .n.y*e BMCOKJ1i1 nan., crnopeHni1 npnpo.nmo. CaM 3aMOK .n.o6pe )'I<pinneHMl~'I MypoM, 6amTaMH i sorHenaJibHOIO 36poEio. KaM'RHa cKeJIR po6HTb MicTo HenpHcrynHHM i HCMO)I<JJHBHM .n.o B3HTTH. BoHa TaK OT0'-1)'€ MiCl·o, u~o 6y.n.MHKH, HaniTb BHCOKi, He BH.UHO, ne.n.se MOJKHa no6a4HTH rxHi .uax.11. 'lJacTo TYPKH, TaTapH 11 MOJI.nanaHu, 06JIHfal0'111 MiCTO 110 KiJibKa poKiB, M)'C11JIJ1 Bi).l.CTynaTH Bi.U HbOfO 3 aenuKIIM copoMoM i BTpaTaMH. KaM'HHe~b po3TamonaHHM TiJibKM 3a .usi Mnni ni.n MOJI.lf.aBcbi<oro MicTa XoTHH. Eap. Ue MicTo, OTOt.IeHe napKaHOM, JIC)I(HTb Ha piBHHHi. flora 36y.uonaHo 3a Hai<a30M llOJlbCbKOI KOpOJICBHDOHH, )I.O"'KH ,lJ.IKOBaHHi, MiJJaHCbKOro KH51351, KOTpa" Ha3Ba.Jia MOfO EapoM si.n. MiCTa uapi, ~0 p03TamonaHe Ha II 6aTbKiBJ..l(MHi. Eap, MicTo a YKparHi, umpoKo po3JIHrnocH.Horo MyposaHHM 3aMOK, OTO'IeHMM 6arHHCTHMH i lll11pOKHMH 03epaMM, CTOITb Ha BMCOKiM ropi, qepe3 I.IJ,O iloro Ba)I(KO 3.lJ.06)'TH. Mea:JfCu6iJIC. MicTo i senHKMM .n.epea'.RHHM 3aMOK po3TamosaHi Mi* seJIJ1KHMH 60JIOTaMI1. )lo MicTa iHaKlllC He MO)I(Ha .UiCTaTMCSI, TiJibKH qepe3 MOCTI1. Ha HbOfO 'I aCTO Hana,naiOTb TaTapM. Epe3a1£. ,lJ.epes'SIHe MicTo, ~o MaE BHCOKMM M)'posaHMM 3aMOK Ha ropi. Tepe6oeAR. MicTellKO JIC)I(HTb ni.u BMCOKOIO ropo10, a .uo6p11l1 3aMoK- Ha caMiM ropi. XM:iA'b1£UK. ,lJ.epes'.SIHe MicTe'IKO 3 o6M)'posaHMM ocTporoM; .n.epes'.SIHHM 3aMOK Ha piBHHHi CTOITb Ha.U piKOIO Eyr, SIKY repoaom Ha3MBa€ Fina1£iCOM. XMiJJbHHK po3TamosaHMM 3a 20 M.HJib si.n: KaM '.SIH~.SI. EpaW£ae. ,lJ.epes'.SIHi MicTo i 3aMOK, OTO'IeHi Ba.JIOM i posoM, I I (c. 21) ,n:oBKOJia .SIKHX Tet.Ie piKa Eyr. Bi1£1£U7Yl. )l;epes'SIHe MicTo, .HKe pa3oM i3 3aMKOM oTo'IeHe Ba.JIOM i .SIKe CTOITb Ha,n: piKOIO Eyr. Ui .n.sa 3aMKI1 [6paUJiaBCbKIU':i i siHHM[(bKMH.- /0. M.] qacTime, Hi)l( iHllli, CTaiOTb MCTOIO Hana,n:iB nepeKOTICbKHX TaTap. Mic[(eBi IlOBiTI1 TaKi BeJIMKi, ~0 IX BBa)l(aiOTb BO€BO)lCTBaMI1. BOHI1 MaiOTb OC06JII1BI1H npanop, Ha KOTPOMY 3o6pa*eHo rep6 BeJIMKoro KHH3iBCTBa JinTOBCbKoro. 3ee?-£uzopoa. )J;epea '.HHi 3aMoK i MicTo y nycTHX noJIHX. Tyr quMano npnnacis 36poi, HK)' MClliKaH[(i tiaCTO BI1KOp11CTOB)'IOTb )' 611TBaX 3 TaTapaMH. 3a piKOIO ByroM qepKall(aHM :i1: KaHiB[(i npocTHrJIMCH [noceneHHHMR] .n:o )l;Hinpa, He MaiOtiH Hi rip, Hi nicis, Hi 36poi. BoHR )I(HB}'Tb y "''HCTHX nOJIHX, II.lO T1JTH}'TbCH Ha .n:sicTi nOJibCbKHX MHJJb noHa,n: )l;oHOM i MeoTiMCbKHM 03epoM mK ,ZJ,O £BKCJ1HCbKOf0 MOpSI, .UO nepeKOITCbKHX i KpHMCbKHX TaTap. ilo,[(iJibChKa 3eMJUI Ma€ TiJibKM TpbOX CeHaTOpiB:

Ue- KaM'SIHe[(bKHM EnncKon, no,n:iJibCbKMM reHepaJibHI1M BO€Bo.n:a, KaM'HHe[(bi<HM KalliTeJIHH.

3e.MCb'Ka Kopoz6a 3a zep6 Ma6 C01t1J.e 3 oBa?ta0tyl.mMta npo.MeH.R.Mu, ?ta 6ilto.My

nan,i, ma?CUM 'ltU?tO.M. I

I (c. 22)

417

KHHrA III

BOJIHHCbKA KPAiHA BoJIMHCbKa 3eMJI.SI JIC)l(HTb cepe~ iHmMx pycbKHX KHH3iBCTB, a ii JIIO~HicTb He nocrynaETbCH CBOEIO M)?l<HiCTIO. Ue seJIHKa Kpa'iHa, po~roqa i 6araTa Ha pi3He 36DioKH -ra pi3HoMaHiTHi osoqi. BoJIMHb 6araTa Ha JiicM 3 ~H1.JHHOIO Ta p116HMMH o3epaM:H. BoHa 3~anHa HaJie)l(aJia ~o BeJIHKoro KHH3iBCTBa JIHTOBCbi<oro, a Tenep sxo~HTb ~o cKJia.n,y KopoHH, i TYT ,z:r;iE 3BHt.IaiiHe KopoHHe npaso. Ueii Hapo.D. np11iimos ~o TYTemHix pycbK:HX Kpa'iB Bi~ piKM BoJirH, KOTpa Bi)J.)J.iJIHE MOCKOBMTiB Bi~ TaTap, npO ~0 ~e TaJibHime rosop111IOCR B onMci noJIRKiB Ta 'ix noxo~)l(eHHH. BoHM 3BaJIMCR cno"t.IaTey BOJirapaMH, a llOTiM 6yJII1 np03BaHi BOJirMHQRMM. l..JOJIOBiKM t.IMCTi, ~Hi ii po3CYMMBi. BoHM MaiOTb pycbKi Mosy, nMCbMO, 3BMt.Ial; pycbJ<Y sipy. € Mi)l( HMMH i1: rpoMa.LI.RHM pMMCbKo'i peJiiril. UH Kpa'iHa no.n.iJIRETbCH Ha TPH npoBiHQil, a6o nosiTM: Jiyu.bKHii, BoJIO.llMMHpCbKMii i KpeMeHeUbKHH.

3e.MC'bKa Kopozea 'lJ,iei' Kpafuu Mac oea 'llepeoui Kymu y 6i.JwMy noAi, a 1w uiu zep6 BeAUKOZO KWl:JiBCmBa JlumOBC'b'KOZO. noeimoei Kopozeu Ma10m'b 'lJ,i JfC zep6 ma KOAoopu, aAe e oouoKymuUMu. Jly'lJ,o'K. ,ZJ.epes'.HHe npoBiHQiHHe MicTO, CJiaBHe THM, I.IJ;O € CTOJIHUeiO pMMCbKOI pe11iril i pe3H.LI.eHUiEIO rpeQbi<Oro BJia,llMKH. BoHo MaE .n.na 3aMKH, ~0 CTOHTb Ha BHCOKHX narop6ax. BoAoOUMup. ,ZJ.epes' HHe MiCTO, HI<e MaE .LI.OBI<OJia .n.epes 'HHml napKaH, o6Ma3aHHH rJIMHOIO. BoHo Jie:>KHTh Mi)l( 6oJIOTHCTHMII o3epaMH, 6yJio KOJIHCb UeHTpOM KHH3iBCTBa. Kpe.Meue'lj,'b. BeJIHKe .n.epen' HHe MicTo, HKe MaE 3aMOK, w.o cTOITh, oTot.JeHHH MypoM, Ha BHCOKiH ropi. A OI~i npoBiHU.iHHi MiCTa MalOTb 3aMKH, .li.O HIIX H<Ule>K~l l'b MiCTetn~a: Xa6ue. 3aMOK i MicTo Jie)l(aTb Ha,ll pii<OK) Ycco10. OojJ)"ll. MicTo i BCJIMK1111 JaMoK Ha ropi. 0JU'C1l'KO. Micro i 3aMOK Ha.n. piKOIO ry6epTOIO. )/(umoMujJ. MicTo i Jlepen'~tHiti'l 3aMOK ua ropi.

418

KHMrA III Kopt>1J,'b. .ll.epes'.smi 3aMOK i MicTo. Ko;mch BOHO 3i cnoiMM noniTaMH nna)KaJIOC.SI

KH.SI3t BCTBOI\1.

Ka.« Jl1-(.f~'b. BucoKHft 3aMOK Ha narop6i. 36apa:JIC. KoJIHCh MicTo i3 3aMKOM 6yJio 3i csoiMH noJIOCT.SIMM niJibHMM. Tenep noHo E KHSI3iBCTBOM. l..JHMano lllJISIXTH i1 naHis 3 ~iEi Kpa.i HH y)f(HnaIOTb KHSI3iBCbKI1X n·ITyJiiB, ~o noxo.u.SITh si.u. Ha3n lxHix MicT. I I (c. 23)

KJ1IBCbKE BO€BO,l(CTBO K111B- ~e cTape, seJIHKe i1 npocrope MiCTO, oTO"leHe .u.oni<OJia napKaHoM. KoJIHCh soHo 6yno cTOJIItQeiO nciEi PycbKoi 3eMJii. BoHo Jie)KHTb Hal-l. cJiaBHOIO piKOIO .li.Hi npoM 3a 120 MMJib si.u. BiJibHa. KoJIHCb ~e MicTo 6yJio npeMOryTHiM, ssaJKaii, KH.st3iBChKI1M, n~o 11 '}(u Uhl(j Tenep BM,ll.HO 3 CaMOI MiCQeBOCTi B pa,n.iyci BOCbMM MHJib. Ha ropax i .U.Oci BH,lJ.· neu pu HO pyiHH pycbKHX ~epKon Ta MOHaCTHpin, 3aJJHillKH pi3HHX 6y.u.ineJib. KpiM ~horo, TaME .stKicb .u.y)Ke seJIHKi :H lliMpoKi ni.u.3eMHi JibOXH, KOTpi TaM 3ByrhCH neqepaMH. Mic~esi JIIO.U.H, KOTpi .u.o6pe 3Hai0Th Qi Kpai, Tnep.U..stTb, w:o BOHH THrHyrhc.SI Ha siciM.u.ec.SIT MHJib. TaM 3HaXO.lJ.HTbC.SI "lHMaJJo seJIH'liHHX rpo6in ,lJ.aBHiX pychKHX KHH3iB. IJ;i rp0611, XO'll i l-l.y)Ke .U.peBHi, O,lJ.HaK 30BCiM HeyiiiKO,li.)KeHi, TiJibKH noqopHiJIH. Oco6JIHBO ~e CTocyETbC.SI .u.nox KHH3iB, KoTpHx 6yJio noxonaHo a a 3BH'llaEM y H3H'liHH~bKOM}' O.U.H3i TaK, .SIK BOHH xo.U.HJIH 3a )KHTT.SI:. TiJia 30BciM He poaKJiaJIHCH, BOHH Jie)KaTb y ~Hx Jihoxax He.. . . . . fiOXOBaH11Ml1, IX fiOKa3yiOTb npoqaHaM Ta rOCTHM MlCI.'(eBI )KHTeJII, 'lleH~l pycbKOI peJiirii. TiopiBHHHO 3 MiCTOM, 3aMOK ,li.OCHTb BMfi,li.H11H ,ll.JI.SI o6opoH11. BiH no6y)l.onaHMH 3 )l.epena, 3eMJii 11: KaMeHIO, CTOiTh Ha.U. ,llHinpoM. IIJ.o CTOCYETbC.SI: p03MipiB U:iEi 3eMJii, TO BOHa.u.y)Ke 06lliMpHa, fiOHa)l. n'.stT,lJ.eC.SIT fiOJibCbKJiiX MHJib. PaHiiiie Q.SI 3eMJIH MaJia CBOfO KHH3.SI, aJie Tenep nepeTBO· peHa Ha BOEBO,ll.CTBO. Ha nis)l.eHh si.u. KHEBa Jie)KHTb .u.epes '.SIHe MicTo Ha 6epeai ,llHinpa, tzfepi@Cu KoTpe 3BYTb YepKacaMH. BonocTi, cpi.nbsapKH 11: noceJieHHH u;11x qepKac IIIHpoKo 11: .U.aJieKo npocT.RrJIHCH noHa.u. piKoiO )lHinpoM; sci TaMTeiiiHi )KH· TeJii- pycaKH. IHIIIi (sJiacHe qepKec:H.-10. M.) )I(Hnyrh .U.aJii si.u. u.ux, y ro- ?.fyxH.R. pax flOHa,li. ElJ'KCUUC'b'KUM MOpeM, BOHH M)')I(Hi, BOMOBHM'lli, "'aCTO BOIOIOTb 3i Pyc.t. CBOIMH 6JIH3bKHMM cyci.u.aMH- nepeKOflCbKHMH TaTapaMH, a Hana)l.aiO"'H Ha iXHi 3eMJii, BHBO,lJ..SITb BeJIHJ<Y 3,ll.06H"', CTa)l.a H 6H,ll.JIO. YepKaCH po3TawonaHi si.u. Kuesa 3a .u.sa.u.u;HTb )l.Bi MHJii. 3a ciM MHJib si)l. YepKac, HKlll;O HTH sropy ,l(HinpoM, aa ciMHa)l.lJ.HTh MHJih si.u. KHesa po3TaiiionaHe MicTo KaHin, mo o6opoHHETbCH M)OKHiMH JIIO.U.hMM, 9(ani8 KoTpi )KHByrh .u.osKoJia. Mj)K qepKamaHaMH 11 KaHiBU:.SIMM HeMa )KO,ll.Horo, xTo cnosi)l.ysas 6u puMCbJ<Y nipy, see- pycL; He BM.lJ.HO ii JKO.U.HMX 6y.u.uHKis, ci.JI Ta BOJiocTeii; Ha sci copoK MHJih- nycTeJI.R: i1 .U.HKi nOJIH a,)K .u.o QqaKona, TaTapcLKoro MicTa H 3aMJ<Y, ~0 CTOHTb npH rHpJii ,l(Hinpa. Y U.MX Kpa.HX ,lJ.MKi 3nipi MaiOTh "'f.U.OBi yMonu ll)ISI JKMTTJI. I I (c. 24) B 0'-laKosi Ta no ,nMKMX fiOJUIX CKpi3b JKMByrL nepeKOfiCbKi TaTapM, BOHH )KlfByrh TaM, ,ll.e I<OJIMCb, 3a BiToBTa, 6yJiu Kop.u.oHH pycbKHX i JIHTOBCbKMx I<HH3is ni.A TaTap.

419

KHHrA III KMiBCbKe BO€no.ncTno Ma€ aiikLKony .nnoKyrHy KOporsy, 3eJieHoro KoJILopy. 3 o.nHoro 6oKy 6at.mMo rep6 BeJIMKoro KlHI3iBCTBa JhiTOBCbKOro y qepnoHOM)' noJii, a 3 .npyroro- qopHoro ne.nMe.n.SI y 6iJioMy noJii. KHiBCLKe BO€BO.U.CTBO Ma€ TiJILKH O.U.MH no niT, Me 6aranu1 - Mo3HpCbKMi1:.

Mo3Up. MicToyKpaiHHe BeJIHKe, .nepen'siHe, .SIKe 36y.nonaHe noHa.n piKoiO npun'.SITTIO. [(.SI piKa 3a 12 MI1Jlb ni.n KHEBa 3JIMBa€TbC$13 piKOIO Typ i nna.na€y .ll:Hinpo BIKe lllMpOKMM pycJIOM. Bi.ncTaHh Bill KMEna- 30 nOJibCbKHX MMJib, 11.0 Eo6p.SIHCbKa (Bobranska) CTiJibKM JK, 11.0 Mori1Jlena- 20.11.0 Opmi- 26.

KopozBa Mo3upco1cozo noeimy 3e.Aeua, RK i [Kui'Bco'Kozo] B06BoiJcmBa.

MCTHCHABCbKEBO€BO~CTBO McTHCJiaB . .ll:epen' .SIHe MicTo, Jie)J(MTb Hall. piKoiO CoJK. 3aMoK 36y,u.onaHMi1 3l1.epena, cToiTb oKpeMo, po3TalllonaHMH Ha caMoMy MOCKOBCbKOMY KOplJ.OHi, TOMY B HbOMY nocTii1Ho CTOITb niikhKO .n.mt o6opoHM. Koporna 1..\hOro BO€BO.lJ.CTBa noMapaHt.Ienoro KOJibopy, .SII<HM HaMaJibOBaHo rep6 BeJIMKoro I<HR3iBCTBa JlM.TOBChKOro, BMi~e HM.M y qepBOHOMY noni. noniTOBM.X KOporoB HeMa€. O,u.HaK 1..\e BO€BO,U.CTBO Ma€ t.IMMaJIO 3aMI<iB i MiCTe't.IOK. KOJIMCb BOHO 6yno OKpeMHM KHR3iBCTBOM, a Tenep nepeTnopeHe Ha nponiHu.iio. /(),6p061W. nepiDMM 3aMOK Ha MOCKOBCbKOMY I<Op.ll:OHi, MiCTeGKO i3 3aMKOM Jie)KM.Th Ha.n. pii<OIO .ll:HinpoM; BilJ.CTaHb Bill. CMoneHChi<a - 24, a Bi.ll. Opllli - 't.IOTMPH MHJii. Konuco. 3aMoK 3 MiCTOM Ha.n. pii<oiO .ll:HinpoM, mo .lle)J(aTb Bill. Opwi 3a q0T11.p11 MMJii. lli'IULOB. U e 3aMoi< 3 MicTOM Ha.ll. piKOIO )lHinpoM, mo Jie)J(MTb ni.n. Kom1ci 3a .n.ni MMJii. IliKJion BBa)J(a€TbC51 rpa¢cTBOM, TOMY neJibMO)KHMM rraH .HH Kaponb Xo.ni<eBM't.I, reThMaH BeJII1I<Oro I<HSI3incTna JlHTOBCbKoro, 11111lleTbcSI rpa¢oM.

MoZWL£6. 3aMOK i Micro Hall. piKoiO ,li.HinpoM, mo Jie)KaTb 3a wicTb MHJib ni.n llJKJiona. EuxoB. MicTo i 3aMoK Ha/1. piKoiO .ll:HinpoM, mo Jie)J(aTb ni.n MorMnena 3a /.T.BaHa/].q.fiTb MI1Jlb. Pettu1JrR. 3aMoK i MicTo Jie/KaTI> Hall. pii<oiO .llHinpoM. Cmpumun. 3aMOK i MicTo Jie)J(aTb Ha.n piKOIO ,li.HirrpoM. Jbo6ett. 3aMOI< i MiCTO Jie)J(aTb Ha/]. piKOIO ,lJ,HinpOM.

BumzopoiJ. 3aMoK Ha/1. ,li.HinpoM, m.o Jie)I(HTb 3a TPI1 MMJii ni.n KHEBa. I I (c. 25)

BITEECbKE BO€BO~CTBO Birne6CbK. Ue lJ.OCllTh nen11Ke .n.epeB'sme MiCTO, KOTpe p03TalliOBaHe Ha,z:J. CY.lJ.HOnJiaBHOIO BeJIHI<OIO piKOIO ,li.BiHOIO, I..Q.O HCIO 3BI1tiaMHO B03.HTb BciJI.nKi TOBapu l1.0 Purn - I'OJIOBHOI'O MiCTa B

420

KHMrA III I H<}>JI.snl}li "i. BiTe6chK Ma€ ,una 4MMaJii 3aMKJt, )J.OCMTh y~<pi nne Hi caMo 10 u pMpOJ.J.OIO i ~tiCI\ellO.IIO:>KCHHSlM. 0).{111-1, HH)KHiii, p03TaUJOBaHHii Ha piBI-H1Hi, siH TaKM~i )Ke o6wnpr·m:l't, RK i caMe MicTo . .ll.pyrm1, nepx1-1ii1, 36yl.(ouaHHi1 Ha nncoi<iif ropi. Ui ,una 3aMI<H MaJOTh 6arnTH, Be)Ki, napi<aHH, 36}'/l.OBaHi 3 _nepeaa, BOHH )'KpillJleHi TaKO)K posaMH, 3eMJICIO, TeCaHHM KaMeHeM, .D.OBOJii T)'T scin.smol sorHenanbHOI 36pol i 6o€npHnacin. Ui 3aMI<H pa3oM i3 MicToM

3i CXO)J.)' O~nma€ piKa .lJ.siHa, KOTpa llOCHJIIO€ o60pOH03)J.aTHiCTh; T)'T )KC, ni.n. caMHM 3aMKOM, 3 iHmoro 6m<y n ,ll.niHy sna,n:a€ piKa Bil-(36a. Ueif 3aMOI< € Hai1KpamoiO Tnep.n.HHeiO 3 ycix npHKOp/l.OHHHX 3aMI<is BeJIHKoro I<HR3iBcTBa JlHTOBCbKOl'O, KOTpi npOTl1.LJ.ilOTb MOCKOBCbKHM Hana/l,aM, .D.O TOrO )K Dill Jie)KJ1Tb npu CaMOMY MOCKOBCbKOM}' KOp/l,OHi. Bi)J. U:bOrO 3aMK}' 1-(}')KC qacTO MOCKBa 6ysa€ si,uirHaHa i BiJJ.6HTa 3 seJIMKOIO .D.JIR ce6e IDKO.AOIO. TaM HenepeMO)I(HHH Kop01Ib llOJibCbKHH llOCTi"fiHO }'TpHM}'€ qQTHpbOX pOTMiCTpis, a6o KaniTaHis niiDoro pHu:apcTsa, cepeJJ. KoTpHx i R 3i cso·iM 6aTbKOM, AM6po_n)I(Q rsaHbiHi, 6ys poTMicTpOM npoT.HrOM 18 poKiB Ha,l.( 500 niXOTHHU:RMJ.I i Ha.n .necRTKOM [coT] KiHHOTHHKis. BiTe6cbK po3TamosaHMH si.n BiJihHa Ha si,ucTaHi 18 MIIJih. IJ;e KH.H3incTno Mano KOJIMCh csoro siJihHOro KH.H3.H i BBa)l(aJIQC$1 OKpeMHM KH.H3iBCTBOM, aJie Tenep BOHO nepeTBOpeHe Ha BO€BO.UCTBO.

Kffjlozea 3e.JteH,ozo KO.fl/oopy 3oeoMa K)'rruLUU, Micmumo zep6 BeAuKozo K'H..R3iecmea Jlumoecb?cozo y 6ilwMy nOJLi. Boeeoocmeo Mae .flume oouu noeim, a6o npoeiu?J,iw, a caMe Opmaucoxuu. opma- MicTo .nepes'.nHe, mHpmce i neJIMICe. BoHo 3ax11meHe 3 O/l,Horo 6o1<y 'lHCJieHHHMM ocTporaMH, a 3 ll.pyroro- piKOIO .llHinpoM. MyposaHMH 3aMOIC OMHBaiOTb 3 OJJ.HOro 6oKy piKa .llHinpo, a 3 .n.pyroro- piKa Opma, Bill. SIKOI i MicTo npo3sanocSI. OpiDa po3TamosaHa si.n. BiTe6cbKa Ha si,ucTaHi 18 MHJlb.

opma euKopucm06JE ua eiuui 3e.Aeny Kopoz6J, max caMo .R'K i eoeeoocmeo. Cypax. IJ;e 3aMOK Mi)l( piKaMH ,ll.yHoiO, KacnJieiO i Cypa)l(eiO, mo p03TamosaHHM 3a 18 MHJih si.n; BiTe6cbKa: cno'laTK}' Tpe6a HTH Ha cxi.n., .n.o MocKBH, a noTiM me 14 MMJib /l.O BiTe6CbKa. YAa. Uei1 3aMOK npo3saHHH si.zy; piKH YJIH, KOTpa -ryr )I(C ni/1, 3aMKOM 6i)I(HTb i 3JIHBa€ThCSI 3 ,ll,yHoiO. KoJIHCh u:eii 3aMoK 6ys 36y.n;osaHMi1 i yTpHMynaHHM: MocKBOIO. Hami qacTo xoTiJIH M:oro 3,n;o6yTH, aJie 6e3 ycnixy. noTiM KHS13b PoMaH CaHrymKO, Hecno.n;isaHHM WT}'PMOM B3SIBWI1 3aMOK, cna.JIHB iioro. To.n.i )I( iforo Hami 3Hosy ai.n;6y.n;ysaJIH, I I (c. 26) cnopH.D.HJIH BOrHellaJibHOIO 36p0€10 H BCiJISIKHMH pe'laMH i nOCTaBHJIH T}'T BiHCbKOBHM rapH130H. Typoe./lJl. Ue:H 3aMoK 6ys KOJIHCh 36y.nosaHMM MOCKOBMTaMM Mi)l( piKOIO TyposJieiO Ta ,l(yHoiO, KOTPHMH i 3axHII(CHHH. 3aMoK JIC)KI-fTh Ha si,n;cTaHi TpbOX MI1Jih Bi)J. floJIOI.\bKa. Cyma. 3aMoK 36y.n;osaHHH MOCKOBMTaMH, Jie)I(HTb Ha,D; o3epoM Cyma. lfaUt'HU'KU. 3aMOK i MiCTe'lKO .n.epea 'SIHi, Jie)KaTb H(l.a piKOIO YJIOIO 3a qoTHpH MHJii si~ Ci'H'HO.

Cywi.

3aMOK i MicTetiKO 3a 6 MHJih si.o; t.IamHHKis.

421

3aCJiyzu .Moi i .MOZO

6ambl(a.

KHHrA III JlenJLO. MicTo i 3aMOK, ,AOCMTb 3axu~eHMM, 36y,AoBaHMM Ha.A o3epoM .siK Ha ocTposi. Bi.AcTaHb Bi.A l.JaiiiHMKin - ciM MMJib.

L('bom"'a. 3aMoK Ha.A O.AHOMMeHHHM 03epoM, siA KOTPoro i1 ,nicTaB Ha3By. Kpacue. MocKoBCbKMM 3aMmc 3a MWIIO Bi.A ,UboTqoi. Bopoue?J,'b. 3aMOK 3 MicTetJKOM Ha.n piKOIO YCB.S':ITOM; Bi,ACTaHb Bi,A rroJIOUbKa - 3 MMJii. Cmpu:JtCiB. 3aMOK Ha.n senMKMM i IIIMpOKMM 03epoM.

TIOAOQhKEBO€BO~CTBO

IloJIO~bK- seJIHKe i1 o6mupHe ,Aepes'.SIHe MiCTO Ha piKOIO )J.BiHa, yKpirrJieHe napKaHOM

6araTbMa OCTpOraMM.

Moro 3aMOK ):(OCTaTHhO yKpirrJieHHH B)l{e CaMOIO IIpHpO,AOIO Ta MiCQellOJIO)KeHHHM i OTO"'eHHti ,U.OBKOJia Be)l{aMH

M 6auiTaMH. Horo OMHBaiOTb 3 O,AHG-

ro 6oKy piKa )J.BiHa, a 3 .Apyroro - TioJIOTa. Horo MemKaHUi- 6araTi K)'IIUi. KoJIH

1562 POKY BeJIHKHH KHH3b MOCKOBCbKHH lnaH BacHJibOBH"' JaxOnHB ue

MlCTO BeJII1KOIO llO~OIO, BlH BlJibHO Bl.l(rryCTHB IIOJibCbKe pHQapCTBO, a JIMTBY i pych, KOTpi MelliKaJIH y MiCTi, Ta iHlliHX, .HKi 36irJII·1C.H nepe,A THM ,l\0 MiCTa, .HK .AO Jiicy, BHBiB 3B '.SI3aHI1X y MocKny. BiH TaKO)I{ BHBiJ 3Bi.ATH BeJIMKf 3,Ao6w-I 30JIOTOM i cpi6JIOM. A.Jie

1579 poKY KopoJih CTecpaH EaTopiii BH3BOJIHB MicTo

Bi,U. MOCKOBHTiB. [(H ,Aep)l{aBa MaJia paHime CBOrO KHH3H i BB~aJiaCH KHH3iBCTBOM, aJie Tenep Ha,A HHM IIaHf€ HenepeMO:>KHHH IIOJibCbKMH KOpOJib.

KopouJa 1&'b020 ooeooocrnoa 'l{epoona, MaE eep6BMuuoeo 'K1ifl3iocmoa JlumooC'buoeo y 6iiLoMy noAi. Tii.A QHM nparropoM lliJI.SIXTa rri.A qac niiiHH Hece cno10 pHuapcbKY cJiy:>K6y.

Yca'l{a. [(e MicTo, rn;o cTOITb Ha,u. o,n:Hoi::i:MeHHOIO piKoiO, a TaKO:>K Ha.A piKOIO ,l(yHoiO; Bi,l(CTaH~ Bi,A I10JIOQbKa- Tp11 MHJii.

/(ucua. [(e BeJIHKHH 3aMOK, OTO'lleHHH nory:>KHHM i B~KMM ,l\0 3,l(06YTT.S':I BaJIOM, ,n:o6pe CIIOp.SI,n:>KeHHH BOri-IeiiaJibHOIO 36p0€10 i BCiJIHKMMM HaJie)I(HHMH .AO o6opoHH peqaMM.

o6ox 6oKiB piKH ,lJ.HcHa i ,l(yHa

(c.

27) OMM-

BaiOTb 3aMOK. MiCTO Te)l( p03TaUJOBaHe Mi)l( UHMI1 piKaMH, BOHO yKpinJieHe nanoM , 6araTbMa ocTporaMH i Be)l(aMH. Bi.li.CTaHb Bi.A IToJIOUbKa- micTb, a Bill. BiJihHa -

40 MHJII>.

J!pucca. 3aMoK, HaBKOJio .HKoro CTOITh MicTe'liKO. Po3TarnonaHi BOHM Ha,l( piKaMH ,l(pHCCOIO

,ZJ.yHOIO 3a IllicTb MHJib Bill. ,lJ.HCHH.

,l!pyea. 3aMOK 3 MicTe"'KOM Ha,A piKaMM ,lJ.yHOIO i ,lJ.pyroiO, Bi.l(CTaHb Bi,A )J.p11ccH - micTb MHJih. Bi.A Uhoro 3aMKY B:>Ke IIO"liHHaiOTbCH iHcpJI.SIH.l\ChKi KOp.U.OHH i 3aMKl1 Ha.A ,lJ.yHoro, npo .nKi 6y.D.e cKaJaHo cnoro qacy HM)I('lJe.

Tpe6a mo6i, mo6uu 'I{Uma'lty, 3Hamu, uta B?&UX KH.R3iocmoax, Kompi 'HaMJKOm'b 3i cooiMu npooi1t?&ifutu uoeo MU./l,Ocmi no.a'bC'b'KOMY KopoA?O, po3mauwomw 6azamo Micm i 3a.Jvt'KiB, Jl'K uopMiBC'b'KUX, ma?C i ULI/.RXemC'b'KUX rna OYX06'JiUX, npo .R.'Ki .MU He Jeaoyoa..au. Mu :JtC 6o mym onuca..au rniiL'b'KU uauoa:JfC./I,UBiud npooiH?&ii: Atienza i JaJ.tuu, uompi ?WAUC'b BBa:JtCa..aum K1fJl3iocmoaMu pa3o.M 3 ixui.Atu BoAocmRMU. lnmux :JtCe ua.Jvt neMOJIC./l,UBO ooMao?to onucamu, 6o ?&e 6)•ae pi'!.£ aooza i, Ha uaw no2JLJlo, 1.£enompi6na.

422

KHMrA III

CITOCIE OPAHKH TA CIBEH Y U:HX BO€BO,llCTBAX EIJIOI PYCI, mo ME)KYIOTb 3 BEJII1KI1M KH513IBCTBOM Jli1TOBChKI1M TA MOCKBOIO HacaMnepe.u. BOHH o6po6JHIIOTb pin;uo TaiuJM YMHOM. EiJI.H niTHboro \B.RTa DeTpa i1 Dasna cuK .u.o Y cniHH.R ,ZJ,io11 Mapii s11py6yiOTh nic Ta Kyud, KoTpi 3BMl.faih-Io Ha3I1BaiOTh Jla.n.oiO. 5h<U..\O ;lie rycTHH, To anepxy Hao-m aiOTb conoMy i 3a.JIM.lllaiOTb ii Tai< Ha 3HMy. KoJIH )K HacTa€ secHa, TO apa3y )I( no BeJIHI<OJJ.HIO, KOJIM COHI.{e npHniKa€ npoT.HrOM KiJihKOX JJ.HiB, BOHJ1 JJ.OJJ.aiOTb COJIOMH, ni)J,Tia.JIIOIOTb '{i i o6epTaiOTb Ha noniJI. ,ZJ,e aeMJI.H He BM.rOpM.Tb, TaM BOHa i He npO.D.I1Tb. ToMy BOHH 36M.pa10Tb HeJJ.onaJieHi JJ.epesa, CKJiaJJ.aiOTb lx KynaMH i 3Hosy niJJ.naJIIOIOTb. Ocb TaK Ha UiH BM.naJieHiH 3eMJii, I.l\e He o6po6JieHi~i, a.Jie B OCHOBHOMY Ol.JHll.\eHiH, ciiOTb HaCaMnepe,n nmeHHI.{IO. lloci.RBWI1, 3aOpiOIOTb i 6opOHYIOTb aa .nonoMoroiO o,nHoro TiJihKH KOH.H. TaK po6JI.HTh B Pyci, a y JlHTDi nnyr aa co6oro T.Hnryrh BOJIH, snp.H)I(eHi 3a por11 y .HpMo. Ypo)l(aH aaB)KJJ.H6ysa€ TaM TaKHM, rno MO)f(Ha cKaaaTM., Hi611 iioro ,naJia caMa 6orMH.H ~epepa. TaKO)K TaM ciiOTh, )KHYTh i 36HpaiOTh .Hl.IMiHh. O,nHaK aapa,n11 .Hl.IMeHIO CllaJIIOIOTb rycTillli JiiCH, 60 BiH ll0Tpe6y€ po,AIO'-IilliOI 3eMJii, Hi)K TIUieHM.Q.H. Ha TaKiM piJIJii npoT.HroM UieCTH, a qacoM i BOCbMI1 poKiB Micl.{esi )KH:TeJii 3BHKJII1 Ci.HTH 6e3 BHeCeHH.H rHOIO (Ha llOJI.H]. KoJIH )I( y TOMY Jiici, .ne MaiOTb ci.HTH, pocryrh .ny)Ke BHCOKi i1 nory)I(Hi .nepesa, .HK-OT: cocHH, .HceHH, 6epe3H Ta iHllli, no,ni6Hi .no HHX, I I (c. 28) TO IX He BHpy6yiOTb, a TiJibKH 06THHaiOTb riJIKI1 Ta MOJIOJJ.y nopOCJlb )J,OBKOJia HHX, tn06 BOHH He nepelllKO)J,)KaJIH COHQIO airpisaTH OQIO piJIJIIO. CeJI.HHH )K TaK npH3BH'lla€Hi .no o6THHaHH.H riJIOK, rno .HK 3aJii3e KOTPHMCb Ha JJ.epeso, To, He 3Jia3H'llH, MO)I(e caM o6py6aTH sci rinKH. t(.na 1.\hOro iCH}'€ nesHe Ha'lJHHH.H, J:.nO Hara,ny€ SIKeCb CM,l(iHHSI Ha KlllTaJIT ci,naJia, 3p06JieHe 3 MOry3Kl1 si,nnosiJJ.HO .no apocry JIIO,l(HHI1. CH,nSiql1 Ha HbOMY i CHYIOl.IH si.n .nepesa .no JJ.epesa, qoJiosiK Ma€ np11 co6i npHs'.H3aHHM a6oey KHM. Ha KiHQi Toro KHSI e cKpHsJieHHM raK, KOTPHM si,npy6yiOTbCll riJIKH. CaMe TaK si.npy6yiOTbcSI sci rinKH arop11 a)!( .no KopeH.H, a XMI13 aananiOIOTb HasecHi. TaKHM t.tHHOM, liK BHI.l\e rosopHJIOCH, OTpHMYIOTb piJIJIIO i 3aciBaiOTb II. )KHTO aacisaJOTb Ha 3HMY Ha 1.\iM piJini, ai6pasm11 a Hei nmeHHQIO Ta SlqMiHb• .AJie 33.,l(JI.H )KHTa BOHH nOBHHHi .UBi qj nepesepH)'TH 3eMJIIO nnyroM. )KM:TO nOl.IHHaJOTh ci.HTH Ha csaTo YcniHHH ,ninu Mapii -15 cepnH.H • .HI<rno niHHBHH opaq He node .no HacrynHoro CBSITa- Pia.u.sa ,nisH Mapii, ll.\O npuna,nae Ha t.IOTHpH TH>KHi ni3Hime, T06TO 8 BepeCH.H, TO 3eMJill B>Ke He npHnece ifoMy 3BH1.Iai1Horo spo)l(aJO. 0Te ciSIHH.H )I(HTa 6ysae i Ha 3HM)', i Hasecni.

€ H iHlliHH, HeJJ.aBHO BHHaH)l;eHHH cnoci6 cis6H Ha TaKOMY rpynTi, BH· 11pytuii naneHOMf if oqHll.\eHOM}' si.n XMH3Y, npo SIKHH [ rpyHT] mune iimnoc11• .ll.si 'laCTifHH JI'IMeHIO 3MimyK>TbCJI npH6JIH3HO 3 OJJ.Hi€10 t.IaCTHHOIO >KHTa• .HKll.\0 nociJint HaBeCHi, TO SI'IMiHb BH3pi€ TOrO >K poey, i HOrO 36HpaiOTb 3 OOJIJI,

423

atl6Huii cnoci6 ci86u

KHHrA III a )I(MTO, mo pocTe ni~ 11tJMeHeM HMaeHbi<O i1 rycTo, ni611 Tpana, aa;mwaiOTb Ha 3MM)'. JliTOM )l(e BOHO BHpOCTa€ 6yifne Ta spo)l(aHHe, 1.1\0 H KOHeM Jie~Be MO)I(Ha npoixaTM qepea TaKy rymanHny. nOH~

o~noro )I( 6o aepna BHpocTae

30, i BHpOCTa€ )I(HTO TaKe BHCOKe, lli.O HaCHJIY B HbOMY MO)I(Ha no6a-

1.1MTH ceJJ11HHHa, KOTpnii cH~MTb na KOHi. Bc10 piJIJJIO pycaKM 3BHKJIH opaTM o~HHM KOHeM, aanpst:rmH Toro y nnyr, 6o aeMJI11 caMano co6i e )Im:pHoiO Ta M'HKOIO. TaKnti cnoci6 cis611 a6i)I()I(H icHy€, nna)l(aH, no sciii CapMaTil. nicns. BeJJHKO~HR HacaMnepe.n ciiOTb nmeHHI.(IO, a noTiM .s~pone )KHTO, KOTpe TaM 3BMqaifHO Ha3HBaiOTb 11pOBHHOIO, lli.06 Bi.n,piaHHTH Bi.n, TOfO )KJiTa, KOTpe ciiOTb na 03HMHHY 6JIH3bKO CB11Ta Y cniHHR ,llim·• Mapil; RK MH BHI.l(e nHcaJJH, tioro i1 3B)I'fh 03HMHHOIO. RK6H cis6a 6yna nniTKy, TO He 6yno 6 )I(O.n,nol KOpHCTi; 111<611 RpOBHHY OOCiSIJIH 3aMiCTb 03HMHHM, TO 6yno 6 Te CaMe, 1.1\0 03HMMHa BJiiTKy, xoq I.ti 3epna )I(HTa no.n,i6Hi ii MaiOTh OJJ:HaKosy np11po.n.y. He 6yno 6 To,zd 3 Toro niqoro, a )I(MTO CTaJJO 6 niK'l.JeMHOIO TpasoJO. TaK CTaJIOCSI 6, 11K6H 3epHO 6yJJO B)l(HTO He B HaJJC)I(HHH qac. Ou.e )l(HTO-HpoBMHY noJJRKH, JJHTBa, Ma3ypH, npyccM I I (c. 29) Ta ni.n,ri pcbKa pych 3BHqaifno ciiOTb y ni.n,roTosneHHM rpynT 6JIH3bKO BenMKO.ZJ.Hboro CBSITa ll~e M TOMy, ll(O TO.ZJ.i COHU.e TYT rpi€ CMJibHime; BOHH na6araTO snnepe.n,)l(aJOTb 3a qacoM EiJJy Pych Ta MOCKOBMTiB, mo )l(HBYTh nisniqnime. OcTaHHi qepea ripmy aeMJIIO i xoJio.n,nime nosiTpR M)'C11Tb ci.HTM na6araTo ni3Hime si.n. THX, mo )I(MBYTb nin,nennime. Eysa€ ii TaK, ll(O BOHii CiiOTb O,[(HOqaCHO 3 OOJibCbKMMH )I(HTeJJ.HMM. ,l(HBHO, lli.O )KMTO-.HpOBHHa, KOTpe 'tlaCOM 3aciBaJOTb y KiJJbKa TH:>KHiB nicJIR BeJJHKO.ZJ.HSI, .ZJ.OCTHra€ SIK CJi iJJ: TOfO :>K JiiTa. 0T)Ke, BOHO BMpOCTa€ 3a 8 TM)KHiB, niCJI.H 'tJOfO iioro 36Hpa10Tb a noJI11. fopox ciroTb 3BMtJai1Ho 6JIH3hKO CB.HTa en. Boifu.exa. Horo 36epirai0Tb co6i .ZJ.JI.H noTpe6H y .n.pa611nax, KoTpi 3BYTb ocepo.n,aMH, ,no6pe nHcymHBIIIH npH ryMHI npOT11fOM TpHBaJIOfO qacy. Osee Ta RtiMiHb 3ri.n,no 3i 3BHtia€M ciJOTb nicn11 Cn.HTOK. TaTapKy, KOTPY BOHH Ha3HBaiOTb rpe"YI<OIO a6o rpetiMxoro, ciiOTb na O.ZJ.HHa.ZJ.QRTHM TH:>K.ZJ.eHb nicJI.H BeJIHKO.[(H.H, a:>K na en. lleTpa. Piny ciroTb 6JIH3bKO CBHTa en. Ioanna XpecTHTeJJR. Toro )I( poKy sc10 II 36HpaiOTb 3 nOJI.H, 3HOCHTb y .n,oMH, ,ne if 36epiraroTb na 3HMy. 0TaK 3epHo, KOTpe 6yJJo B3HTe 3 KOMOpH .ZJ.JI$1 cis611, TIOBepTa€TbC.H .ZJ.O TiEl )I( KOMOpH, 3BiAKH if BMHlliJJO, qepea 8, naii6inhme qepe3 10 TH)I(Hin, npHHOC.RtJH CBOEMY rocno.n.apeBI CTopa3oBy KOpHCTb. Jll( noJUII(U Yci nOJI11KH, ciJie3I.ti, Ma3ypH, JIMTBa, npycc11 if ni.n.ropRHn npnn03.RTb J6epiza~om~> J 6i:HC:JICJI, 36i)K)K.R na TOKH i a6epiraiOTb iioro y cnonax. Y ,no6poro xaaRIHa cToiTb qacOM 400 a6o 600 CHOniB, ll(O Hara,nyiOTb HI<iCb "YOTMpHrpaHHi Be)Ki. 3aJli(_J6epi · nacin TO,z:r.i 3HaH,[(eTbCSI i Ha 15 poi<iB. AJie 6iJia pycb i BC.R MOCKBa O}J.paay ZaiOml> J 6i:JIC:JICJt 3HOC.RTb BpO)KaM 3 nOJJ.R .ZJ.O 'IOpHHX i36, KOTpi BOHH Ha3MBaiOTb HBaMH a60 6i.lla PY'" rpH.ZJ.HRMH. TaM, BHCYlllHBlliM 36i)K)K.R i1 o.D.pa3y )I( o6MoJIOTI1BlliH, 3aCMnai .Mocl({)· lfumu IOTh 3epHo .D.O 3aciKiB y KOMopi. Inmi )I( a6epiraiOTb iioro y niJJ:3eMnux JibOxax, ll(O MiCT.HTbC.H y JiiCOBMX CXOBHII.(aX. l.J,i .HMM po6JIHTb Cneu.iaJibHO,

424

KHHrA III JcepeJ\IIHII B<'e l.{JIH51Tb .no6pe, Hto6

x.r1io

11 c J rHwB .

Ty,zut >K

BOHif 3HOCSJTh

i 36epirai0Tb TaM CBIIHUHy, Clip , MaCJIO Ta iHIIli JiafOMHHKJt, a TClK())I( JlaMKpall\Hii O)l..Hf, OC06JU1BO ni.n. t.taC BiMHH, U.\06 6i.UOJiaXJ1 MOfJlJ.I UJIJM IIpOTpHMaTJICSI

y pa3i

He6e3neKM .HK ni.n. noporin, TaiC

Y Hux 36epira€TbC.H 3Bll'lai1, oco6nHno n o

cso'ix )KOBHipin.

cenax, u~o KOJJH Jacy;J.HTb Ha

CMepTb, TO 3fi.li.HO 3 naHCbKI1M HaKa30M BiH M)'CHTb CaM ce6e 110DiCJ.1Tl1. H a niTb KOJ111 Bi B i He CXOtie, TO npuHeDOJJeHJIJM norpo3aMJ.1

i1 6J1TTHM, XOti-

He-xoq l\1}'CJ1Tb TaK 3po6HTI1. TaK BiTOBT B\lMHJiB caoiM TaTapaM, KOJIH BOHJ1 norpa6y aa.nn KoWI1H el.\bKJ.1M KOCTbOJI, a niH 3 6paTOM Rrai"rn oM ixan Ha flp)'CCbK)' BiMH)' ni)l. cniB <<bOropO.lJ.vU.J.i». llpo ue }~OKJJa)l.HiiJJe po3nOBl/J.a€TbCH y nepwiii KHH3i, np11 onMci KopoJI.H 5Irai1JJa . / /

(c. 30)

KHHrA III

"l!ACTMHA.....III KHMrH III, y KOTplH MlCTHTbCJI OIIHC IIOJIOBD;IB, .HTBHriB I 3AllOP03hKHX K03AKIB

IIIPO ITOJIOBUIB IJpo llOJIOB~iB, ~0 TO 6ym13a JIIO~H, He 3HaxO~MMO Hittoro, KpiM TOrO, ~0 ~e 6yn O)J;MH Hapo~ 3 JIMTBOIO Ta npyccaMH. floTiM BOHM 3 €~Ha.JIHCH 3 pycciO i ttHHHJIH BeJIHKi IIIKO}l.M cyci.n:HiM HapO}l.aM. lcTOpHKM 3BYTb IX HTBHraMH a6o reni.n:aMH, To6To peliiTKaMH roTiB, noM:oBHHttoro Hapo.n:y. BoHM 1

)I(HJIH cnottaTK}' B TaspH~i • .n:e p03TaliiOBaHi MaHryn, nepeKon i KpHM. KonH BOHH 6yn11 TaM, TO ttHHHJIH seJIHKi IIIKO.ll.H cyci.n:HiM Hapo.n:aM. Pycb H4J8aHi 8ii) tW.IlOHY np03BaJia IX llOJIOB~HMH ni.n: llOJIO:ay, 60 pycb Ha3HBa€ llOJIOH llOJIOBOM; a60 )I( Bi}l. JIOBiB; 60 BOHH 3a TaTapCbKHM 3BHtta€M 3aMMaJIHC.H JIOBaMH BCLn.HKOro 3Bipa Ta 3a611paHH.HM y HeBOJIIO )I(HBHX nro.n:ei1. Yrop~i Ha3HBaJIH IX KyMaMH, 60 BOHH ttaCTO KYMHJII1CH 3 pyccro; 3 pycbKOI MOBH «KYM» nepeKJia}l.a€TbC.H .HK «KMOTp». O.n:HaK BOHH ttacTo sorona.nM 3 pyccro. He3B<DKarottH Ha ~e, pycb }l.aJia IM llOMitt npOTM TaTap, Ta BCe O~HO BOHH He BCTO.HJIH. TaTapH BHrHaJIH noJion~in a)l( .n:o Yrop~HHH, .n:e o.n:Hi oxpecTHJIHC.H, a iHmi o6epHyJIHC.H Ha TaTapin i rypKin. PemTKH noJion~in 6yJIH n 3aMKY MaHryn, .n;e Tenep )KHBYTb TaTapH. He TaK .n:anHo, 1486 poKy, 3a naHynaHHH TYPe~b Koro CYJITaHa oa.H3eTa IX 3a6pa.JIH i rrepeTBOpHJIM Ha HHMttapCbKY rBap}l.iiO. 97o.llo6yi

ITPO .H3I1fiB, AEO .HTB.HfiB CTHCJIO cKa)KeMo npo HTBHriB, ~o TO 6ym1 3a JIIO,ll;H. BoHM O)J.Horo Hapo.n:y 3 JIHTBOIO, npyccaMH Ta noJioB~HMM, )KHJIH Ha Ili.n:Jisumui. UH KpaiHa npo3BaHa TaK a6o ttepe3 Te, ~o Ma€ rycTi Cmo.IIUI,Yl JiicH, a6o qepe3 Te, ~o npHJIHra€ .n:o JIHxin, ~o IloJib~i. foJioBHe IXH€ Mic.RmiJRzi8 TO- ,li.oporH"l.HH, npo ~o .H B)Ke n11can y KHH3i II Hac. 4. UeM: Hapo.n: 3aB)f(}J.ll 6yn )I(OpcTOKHM, He TPHMaBcH xpHCTH.HHCbKOI nipH, 6ys so}mnHHt:IHM i He 3HaB, ~0 TO € BTetta, a6o )I( He XOTiB TiKaTH niCJIH nopa3KI1, TOMY H XO,ll;MB Ha nii1Hy nimo. KoJIHCb, ~e 1139 poKy, pychKi KH.H3i 3i6pa.nHc.H npoTn noJionu.in i .n:siqi po36HJIH lx 6iJIH piKH Jly6HH Ta n6HJIH / / (c. 31) .U.Ba.D.U.HTb IXHix KHH3iB, 1.111 BO)K,ll;iB, Kyco6a, Kou.a, rapwHa.nona, KiJibTai-IOna, KyMaHa, AJyna, Kyp6aKa, l.JepMepena, Cyp6opa, EoHnKa, CapHKa Ta 6araTbOX iHmHx. Po3rpoMHJIH IX i BTpeTE, rHaJIH .n;aJieKo, 6'10t:IH, i JaxonnJIH f1 np11-

426

KHHrA III

HeCJIH ,UO,UOM)' BeJIHK)' 3,ll.06Ht.t. 3a l.J,e BOHH 6ym1 B.lf.Sit.IHO npHJtiH.SlTi CBOIMM BJia.l{HKaMH, KOTpi BHXO,UHJIM IM Ha3yCTpiq ~iJIHMH npo~eci.SIMH. TioTiM .SIT- Jlm8JZZu J.femJlmb B.SITM BOIOBaJIH npoTH JIHTBH i1 npyccin, aHa iHlliOM)' 6o~i- npoTM pycbKHX JO noJZo8ylii .nep)KaB, t.tHHSit.tH noMcTy 3a cBolx po36MTI1X no6paTHMiB - nonoB~iB. Jlm8JUu OcKinbKM I.lei1 Hapo.n. a6o nporpasas, a6o s11rpasas 6HTBH, aJie He TiKaB, TO Bu.zuH!JilU if BHHHII(eHHM 6ys t.tepe3 6e3nepecTaHHi BiMHH. Ix .n.o6111s Eonecnas CopoM'.SI3JIHBHi1. BoHu Mornu me no3ocTaTHC.SI , oco6JIMBO y JhiTBi 6in.SI Honropo,na, 6o ~e MicTo 6yno paHillle ixHiM; Ha:Ht.tacTillle BOHH BOIOBaJIM npon1 Ma3ose~hKoro KHSI3.si KoHpa,na, ni.n t.tac naHJBaHH.SI .SIKoro foTrap.n. rep6a «Pa,nBaH» O,UHOTO pa3y B3.siB y llOJlOH ciMOX IXHiX BO)K.l{iB, KOTp11X ni.n,nan CBOEM)' naHY- KoHpa.rcy. KoHpa.n. .z:r.as lx Ha BMK}'D i B3SIB 3a KO)KHOro no 700 rpHBeHb cpi6na. U11x nro.n.ei1: icTopMKM 3BaJIH «Jl3U2ee>>; npo HHX t.tacTO 3ra,zzy€ 0Bi,nii1, KOTp11M 6ys 3aCJiaHHM Ha 6eper.H TioHry, a BOHM TO,z:r.i TaM )IUfJIH . .H .n.}'MaiO, mo 3Bi,ncH BOHH npHHllVIM .n.o YropmHHH; i.f HHHi ix 3Byrh icTopHKH Jl3Uzec Memaxacmec. BoHH )KHByrb y noJI.SIX H~ PH6HHCbKOM a6o piKOIO THCOIO, rosop.SITb nepeB(l)KHO HawoiO enos'.SIHCbKOIO MOBOIO. A.Jr.e Tyr )KMBe 6inhma ix t.tacT.HHa, mo o6epHJnac.SI Ha JIHTBY, npyccis i ni,lVI.SimyKiB.

IIPO H1130BI1X K03AKIB, KoTpmc aaaBM1.1ai1: npoauaaeMo

3AIIOP03hKI1Ml1

P OK}' Eo)Koro 1516, KOJUi 3pC1AHHK no-

raHCbKMH nepeKoncLKMH xaH I I (c. 32) MeHrJii-fipeu ni.z:r. qac sinHH DOJibCbKOTO KOpOJI11 CHri3MYH.l(a 3 MOCKOBCbKHM KH.SI3eM 6paB ,z:r.aHHHf i sip; TOTO, i Bi,z:r. iHWOTO, o6iJ.~1110qH iM 060M ,li.ODOMOry, O,AHaK llOCTiHHO tJeKaB OK33ii, ~oo DO)KHBHTHC11 aa paxYHOK o6ox. Koponb, xoq i He .zcy>Ke BipHB

427

KHMrA III UhOM}' noraHCbKOM}' ncy, o~HaK He .zzyMaB, mo Toif 3i nci€IO noryrmo 3an~aCTb WKO~H PychKiif 3eMJii, a [ BBIDKan, mo TOM] o6Me)f<J-fTbC.H HacKoKaMH. BiH p.y-

9Tfamapu

n./IIOH(}p!J· 101111> pycr,l(f

it yzopct>l(f Jelrffii

Man, mo y TaKOMY pa3i 6y~e )l;OCTaTHhO pychKI1X BOIHiB, i TOM}' He pymaB y noxiA npoTH Qboro nopora nci€i npt-mop.u.oHHoi II.I.1UlXTH. KoJIJ1 )I( caM KopoJib nupym11n Ha MocKny, Ha llo~iJIJUI i PychKi Kpai, Hecnop.isaHo n.u.apHJIH TaTapH i CTaJIH KOJIO oycbKa. 3ni,n:CH BOHM, SIK 3BHlJaHHO, nycTMJIM CBOI 3arOHM Ha qoTI1PM cTopoHH, naJIMJIM, nJIIOH~pyna.nM, nycTOlliMJIM i1 rpa6yna.nH cena, .u.sopH, MicTa i1 noJiocTi, norHa.nH .u.o cnoro KOilla qHMaJIO Jiro~eii, xyp.o6H i pi3Hoi 3p.o6Mqi. lloTiM BCT)'IIMJIM p.o YropcbKoi 3eMJii i norHa.n:M 3 Hei p.o cno€i

opp.u p.o 50 THC.HlJ JIIO,lJ,eH, py6aJII1 CTap11X i p.iToqoK, f'BaJiryBaJIM )J.iBl.JaTOK npM 6aTbKax, a )KiHOK np11 ixHix qQJIOBiKax, cnyCTOWHJIH Ha 40 MHJib XpHCTH.HHCb· K)' 3eMJIIO. HiXTO He npM6yB Ha nop.HT)'HOK, OKpiM KaM 'HHqaH Ha lJOJii 3 Jl.HHQ· KOpOHCbKMM, KOTpi 3a6HJIH )J.O 800 TaTap ni~ Tepe60BJieiO i CTiJibKH )I( 6i.Ju1 Di~rai1uis. lloTiM, KOJIH TaTapM ni.u.crynanH 3 noJIOHOM, po36HJIH KiJibKa 9Hamapu ixHix 3aroHiB 3a EychKOM; iHmi )I( TaTapH 3 Heo:uiHeHHOIO 3.n.o6HlJlJIO BTeK6meJ(!IU Ji ;iJo6u7.'ZIO JIM qepe3 MoJI.z:r,aBCbKy 3eMJIIO. llicJI.H l~i€1 mKo~M KopoJib nocJiaB p.o nepeKoncbKoro npaBMTeJur, nMTaiOlJM: Hasiw:o niH i1oMy Bl.JMHMB TaKy seJIHKY mKo.n.y, He 3BaJKaiOl.JM Ha KJIHTBy. Toi1 ni.n.nosis, moTaM 6yJia o.n.Ha TiJibKM Jll(iJafJHo MOJIO)J.b i3 3inconaHoiO qecTIO, a IX niH He Mir cTpMMaTM. Ilo6al.JHBillM Tal(pJQ'(!l 6 '.YI(JJaiHi TapcbKi HaCMilliKH, Hallli B)Ke He BipHJIM IXHiH npHC.H3i i CTaJIM TaM TpHMaTI1 6iJibllle BiMCbKa. OcraHHiX TOJJ.i 3i6paJIOC.H KiJihKaCOT, i BOHU Ha l.JOJii 3 Ilpe:QJiaBOM Jl.HH:QKopoHCbKMM niiiiJIM K03aKynaTM ni.u. EiJiropol(, 3axonnJIH TypeuhKe i TaTapcbKe .n.o6po i norHaJIM l(O,z:r.oMy. KoJIM )I( TYPKM i .fll( iJalhw TaTapM Ha3.n.OrHa.JII1 ix 6inH Oni.n.iEnoro 03epa (Widowego) i aan'H3aJIH 6HTIQJJal(u 6 '.YI(JJaiHi ny, TO Hami nepeMornn IX i nosepHyJIMC.H.ll.O cno'ix 3i 3.ll.06Hl.Jl.JIO. Tol(i 11: nol.JaJIMC.H y HaC K03aKH, KOTpi llOTiM ~niM ,D.aJii, TMM 6iJibllle qHHHJIH ,D.i.HHb y CBOEMY pHuapchKOMY peMecJil, 1 KOJIH TaTapH w:ocb lJMHMJIH HamnM, TO BOHH (K03aKM) Bi)l.)l,aBaJIM TaTapaM CllOBHa. BJiiTKy BOHM )KHBfTb Ha pitiQi HM3, KOTpa nna.z:r,aE y ,li;Hinpo, qacoM JaM:MaiOThC.H pH6aJibCTBOM, a p116y cylllaTb Ha COHIJ,i 6e3 COJii, BJiiTKY )I( )KHBJI.HTbC.H p116010. Ha 311MY BOHH po3XO)l..HTbCH .n.o Hai1:6JIH)Kl.JMX MicT, .HK-OT: Knlu, l.J:epKacu, KaHiB, .EpauJiaB, Eina UepKna Ta iHmi, a enol 'lJOBHH Ha ueti qac xonaiOTh .z:r.ech y 6e3ne'lJHOMY Micui, Ha ,li;HinpoBoMy ocTpoai. 3a;:mruai0Tb TaM )l(e 11 KiJihKacoT .z:r.ym Ha KypeHi, .HI< BOHM Ka>KyTv, «npH CTpiJih6i». BOHM MaiOTb i CBOI rapMaTKM, KoTpMx noHa6Mpa.nM B rypeuvKMX JeMJIHX i Jaxom1JIM y TaTap.ix paHime He 6yno 6araTo, 3aTe Tenep na.niqyETbC.H ll.O KiJivKal(eCHTH THC.SI~. //(c. 33) BoHH JaBIJ..aiOTb l.JMMa.JIO ruKOIJ..I1 TypKaM i TaTapaM i B)l<e no KiJivKa pa3iB HHmnJIH QqaKin, T.HrHHIO, fiiJJropo)l. Ta iHllli JaMKII. l.JMMaJIO TaTapcvKMX CTalJ.. BOIUI 3a6HpaJIH H 3a6npa10Tb y CTenax, qepe3 W:O T}'pi<n i1 TaTapH B)Ke He HaCMiJJIOIOTbC.SI 3aXOIJ..l1TI1 naCTM Bii3Qi a60 CTa,na ( KOHeH) TaK l(aJICKO, .HK paHime, KOJIM, 6ysaJio, i1 Ja IJ..CCHTb MHJih Ha ~ei1 6iK ,ll.Hinpa JaraH.HJJH. AJJe !Jl[amap· )K DOHH i1: Hai1:6iJivme Hac csapHTh i3 rypKaMM. TaTapH Ka)l(yTv, w:o KOJUi 6 Cbi(Q :tumpicmr, He K03aKH, TO MH 3 r.SiypaMH )Kl1Jll1 6 ,n.o6pe. AJie noraHQ.SIM He MO)J(Ha Bip11Ocmpo8u Jano· po:~~q~i6

TI1, 6o MM lx .n.o6pe 3Ha€MO no ixHix cnpaaax. ,ll.o6pe, w:o KOJaKH €. BoHu 110CTiHHO )KHBfTh Ha ,lJ.Hinpi Ha BI1Cnax a6o )I( OC'rpoBaX, KOTp11X TaM KiJibKa

428

KHHrA III TaK OOT)">KHO )'KpinJICHHX, ll~O K0.1ll1 TaM CR)J.e KiJibKaCOT a6o llOHaJI)'lCC.HTb COTeHb, TO 1'1 Hai't 6 iJibJ1Je BiHCbKO, HKe 6 HaC11'llaJlO Ha HIIX, Hit.~OrO HC 3p0611Tb ht. Mi>K iHUJI1MI1 € TaM OJJ.MH ocTpin, KoTpMii JB)'Th KoxaHe. BiH Jie>KIITb Mi >K noporaMH Ja copoK MJIJih Bill Kn€na. 3an.n.on>KKI1 niH y KiJihKa MI1Jlb. KOJUI >K Ha HbOM)' HeC)'Tb CTOpO>K)' K03aKJ1 1 TO TaTapaM He TaK JierKO nepenpas nTHcn JJ.O Hac, 6o TaM iM MO)I<Ha nepeKpHTI1 KpeMeHe~bKHH Ta K}'GMaHChKHI1 6poJJ.M, KOTpHMH TaTapH JIHtGaiiHo nepenpanJI.HIOTbC.H JJ.O Hac. n o6JIII3Y € i1: iHlll11J1 OCTpis. l)\0 3BeTbC51 Xopnu{.SI (Chorczyka). Ha HhOM)' paHiiiJe >KHB BI1UIHeBeU:bK11M, KOTpHi1 JJ.y>Ke UIKO)J.I1B TaTapaM, i Gepe3 HbOfO BOHH He HaCMiJIJOBaJIMC.Sl Ha HaC t.~acro Hana)J.aTI1. TpOXH HH>K\.le y .ll.Hinpo nna)J.a€ piKa TMcMeHl'IU:..H, a u:e Ja 44 MHJii BiJJ. Ka€ua. € J:t TpeTii1 ocTpis, KoTpHi1: JBeTbC.SI ToMaKiBKa. Ha HbOMY >KHBYTb nepeua>KHO HI130ni KOaaKH, a niH iM npanMTb 3a Hai1noTy>KHimHi1 JaMoK. H anpoTH ~horo ocTpona y .ll.Hinpo nnaJJ.aiOTb JJ.Bi piKH: T.HCMHH (Tysmien) i <l>ecHH, ~o "BHTiKaiOTh 3 "lJopHOfO Jlicy. € TaM \.lJ1MaJIO M iHIIJHX, MeHlliHX BHCTI a6o OCTpOBiB, Ha KOTpliX RK6H CTO.SIJIH 3aMKJ1 i MiCTa, TO TaTap:H He HaBa)f<)'BaJil1C.SI 6 TaK qaCTO nepenpaBJI.HTl1C.H Ha Haiii 6eper. Ta MM BOJii€MO 6opOHHTHC.sl BiJJ. TaTap 6iJI.SI CaM6opa. 3 6oKy .ll.Hinpa .n.apeMHO XTOCh npo6ysas 611 GHHHTH noraHe K03aKaM, 60 TaM 3 MOp.SI Hi.HKi raJiepH GH 60TH He MO>K)'Tb npOHTH

9Iopozu. ?\_OJOI}bl(j

-zauJ(Jl

)lHinpoM qepe3 nopon1, 6o u:i noporH nocTaBHB caM focno.n;b Eor• .HK6H He BOH:H, TO .n;asHo .u.o u:11x Kpais HaBi.D.aJIHC.H 6 T)'pKH. Ko3aKH >K TaK npH3BHtiaiJIJ1C.H, 11.'(0 OTi nopor11 .D.OJiaiOTb )' CBOiX IIIKip.siHHX lJOBHax, .SIKi BOHM Ha3JIIBaiOTb GaMKaMH; IX cnycKaiOTb JlJIIHBaMM BHI13 i JIHHBaMH T.RTH)'Tb BrOpy .lJ.HinpOM. Y TaKMX >Ke GOBHaX p)'Cb paHime GMH11Jia WKO,D.I1 rpeU:bKJ1M iMnepaTopaM, KOJI:H Hana,a.ana qacoM ax< ni.n; caM KoHcTaHT:HHOnOJib, .HK npo u:e n11me rpeU:bK:HH icTopH:K 3oHapa. Ta i1: Hl1Hi U:bOro Jie.n.se He BtiH:HHJIH K03aKH, 6yJio 6 ix TiJihKH 6iJihme. ToMy-To T)'PKM i1: .n;oMaraiOTbC.SI, ~o6 u:i Kpal 6ym1 ll)'CTHMM

i 11.'(06 TaM He MHO:>KMJIMCH JIIOJJ.I1, Bi.D. KOTp11X BOHH XO-

TLnl1 6 6yTH 6e3neGHHMI1 y Uapropo.u.i. TaM 6ys paHime seJIHK:HM nopT, oco6JIHBO y BiJiropo.n;i. 3si.n.n1 B03MJIH nweHH:U:IO a lloJJ.iJuut a:>K JJ.O caMoro K11npy. C~>oro.n.Hi I I (c. 34) :>K TinbKM KapanaHH: XO.D.HTb 3Bi.D.TI1.D.O MocKBH, cyxo.n.oJioM qepea QqaKiB, a .n.o QqaKosa Jie>KMTb seJIH:KHH lliJIRX 3 Ei.JI:ropo.u.a. Ha U:hOM)' w;u1xy KoaaKH nepei1MaiOTb TYPeU:bKHX I<)'IIU:is; a KOJIH xoqyrb 3JJ.06)'TH «R3HKa», TO caMe TaM JJ.icTaJOTb H:oro HaHWBH.n;me. He TinbKI1 Ha )lHinpi, a i1 Ha TRCMHHi (Tysmienicy) i1 OpmaHHU:i, MeHwHx piqKax, .u.ocTaTHbO TaKHX OCTpOBiB, Ha KOTpMX MO:>KHa 6yJio 6 36yJJ.}'BaTH llOT)':>KHi 3aMKM npoTH: TaTap. RKI.l'(o )I( )'KpinMTI1 EaJiaKJiiJO, KOTpa ne:>KHTb HaJJ. pitiKOJO "liMGaKJiiii ( Czapczakleiem) Ja .u.es' RTb MHJib si.n QqaKona, TO ue TaK nerKo HaBa:>KMJIH:CR 6 TaTa.pH XOJJ.HTH .u.o Hac, oco6JIH:BO )I( "llopHHM WJIRXOM. BiH 6}'B Ha3BaHHH TaK BiJJ. l..J:opHoro nicy, y KOTpOM)' 3BJ1KJIH TaiTHCSI TaTapH, nOKH: aci nepenpasJIRTbCR qepe3 CHHJO Bo.zcy- .zx}?Ke cnoKiiiHe 03epo no6JIH-

3Y Taro Micl.VI, .u.e )lHinpo Bn().JJ.a€ y Mope • .HK6H JaMOK 6yJio J6y.u.osaHo i Ha KpeMeH'I}'U:i, TO TaK caMo [niH mKo,nHB 611 TaTapaM]: KopoJib, Haw MHJI<>CTI1B11H naH, B>Ke JJ.Op)'tiHB iioro cnopy.ll)KeHHSI CHSITHHCbKOM)' CTapocTi MH· KOnaiO JIJnOBCU:bKOM)'. JIK6H u:e 6yJio y HiMCQbKHX p)'KaX, a60 )I( BeHeQiaHU:i

429

'Ei.JzuJpoiJ· Ct>I(Jlit nopm

KHHrA III BOJIO.lli.nM 6 U::HM Kpa€M, TO BOHM 6 .n6an11 npo u;i cnpaBM He TaK, 11K MH. A KoJIM 6 MH npnsepH)'JIM .no ce6e K03aKiB, TO nerme .nocHrJIH csoro, ll{e H .naHHHy, KOTPY BHnJiatry€Mo TaTapaM, npH3Hal.IHJHI

K03aKaM. KsapTH )I(

MO)Ke He BMCTaqJiTH JlliR )KOBHipa, 60 HOrO Tpe6a 6im>me Ha6HpaTM, flOKH TaM MicTa

H: 3aMKH nocTaH}'Tb TaK, HK Tpe6a. Byno 6 TiJibKH 3 qoro 6yP.yna-

TH, aJie Ha THX OCTpOBax MO)I(Ha 3HaHTH )J.OCTaTHbO ,nepesa, He BaJKKO 3HaHTH li KaMiHb. ToMY HaM 6yJio 6 nerme BiJl6HTHC.H si.n noraau:is, a6H TinbKH M:H CaMi TOrO XOTiJIH. Ilpo u;e )J.OCHTb Bi)J.BepTO Ka3aJIH H Ka)K}'Tb Ti, XTO 6ysas reTbMaHOM y THX Kpa.Hx cnpasy,

i )J.06pe ix 3HaiOTb. BoHH 6 i B3HJIHCR 3a U:IO

i BHKOHaJIH 6 Te, ll{O Tpe6a.

€ i1 MOCKOBCbKi K03aKH,

11.\0 ix MH 3BeMo .noacbKHMH. Boau )KHByrh Ha

,noli}', 1.JH Taaaici, piql..'(i, a 3 ,li;OH}' qacoM nepexO)J..HTb Ha Bonry. Caoi qa.HxH BOHH THrH}'Th BOJIOKOM 1.Jepe3 ropy IlepeBOJIOKf. BOHH Te)K 1.JHH.HTb WKO.llH TaTapa.M, .ne TinbKH MO)K}'Tb, a TaTapH 3BHKJIH 3a u;e MCTHT:HCR MOCKBi, Tal< Ca.MO, HK i HaM. qaCOM Hami HH30BI..'(i CXO)J.HTbC.H 3 )J.OHI..'(HM:H, ane M}'CHTb HTII cyxo)J.oJIOM, 6o BO,li,OIO He MO~b npoi1:T:H. KoJIH Koponb CTe<}>aH pii.IIy1.Je 3axoTis ix BirnHIJ..{HTH, TO Ko3aKH MiliJIH )J.O MOCKBH, ,li,O I..'(HX iHIUHX K03aKiB. Koponh no6aqns y :QbOM)' 11.\e 6i.n:biUY He6e3neK}' i Hi6HTO )J.aB iM cnoKii1. Tio3a cyMHisoM, BOHH ,no6pe ~aTb, i QHM Kpa.HM 3 HHMH 6e3ne1.JHime. A HaCKinbKH QeH Hapo,ll, E M}?KHiM, 1.JHTaii y KHH3i I (c. 141 i 148), npo ixHIO 6HTBY 3 rypKaMH, TaTapaMH, MOJI,ll,aBaHaMH i1 iHmHMH cyci.nHiMH soporaMH. A npo Te, HK O,li,HH HH30B'HH K03aK Eipy.7U13)J.eCSITKOM CBOIXJIIO,ll,eH po36HB COTHIO MOCKOBHTiB, 1.JHTaH y KHH3i I (c. 141). BoHM 6y;m i npH .l(MHTPi BHIIIHeBeQbKOM}', i npH qepKacbKOM}' CTapocTi OneKcaH,Upi; 6ynH ii npH MHxai, npH 36oposcbKOMf, I I (c. 35) ~HHCbKOM)', KocHHCbKOM)'Ta iHIIlHX reTbMaHax, npo ll{O 1.JHMaJIO csi)J.qeHb y xpoHiKax. IlpH Mon.naschKOM)' rocno,u.apesi InoHi 6yB Ko3aK CnepqoBCbKHH, K01pHH MaB npH co6i TiJibKH 14 COTeHb TOBapiillliB, ane 6yB crpalllHHH rypKaM. Tipo Qe 1.JHTaii y KHH3i I (c. 180), Maem TaM ,u.oKJia.nHy icTopiiO. Jcmopi.Jt npo 9TWI(p8y

Eys ni3Hiiiie 3a KoponSI CTe<}JaHa BaTopiH Mi)l( 3anopo3bKHMn K03aKaMH IsaH Ili.n.Kona; HK Ka3aJIH ,ll,e.siKi, 1_\e 6yn pi,u.HHM 6paT He6i)I(1.JHKa InoHi, MOJI,u.ascbKOro rocno.n.apn. OcKiJibKH niH JiaMan pyKaMH ni.nKOBH, TO i1: 6yn np03BaHHH IliJlKOBOIO. Ilpo HbOrO )J.OBi.UaJIHC$1 MOJI.UaBaHH i TaEMHO flOCJiaJIH .n.o Hboro, npoc.sP.IH, 11\06 BiH np11ixan nK .n.i.llH1.JHHH naH i He .nonycKan HiKoMy B3nTM caoel BiT1.JM3HH, KOTpa iioMy np11na,n.ana no cMepTi 6paTa. BOHH CKap)I(MJIHC$1 TaKO)I( Ha CBOrO BOEBO.ll.Y IleTpa, 60 Bi.ll TOrO BOHH 3a3HaBaJIM HeCTepnHHX KpHB,ll., $1K i Bi,U. T)'pKiB, KOTpHX f1eTpO JII06HB i TpHMaB y ce6e npH .u.nopi. Ili,u.Kosa no,u.nKynas 3a ue IXHE 6a)l(aHHn i cTan 3 HHMM pa,llHTHC$1 npo Te, $1KMM 1.JMHOM )J.OCnrTH 6a)l(aHOrO, i npOCHB, 11\06 BOHM nosi,n.oMHJIM iioro 11\0.D.O Qboro. HoM)' IIIBM)J.KO Ha,n.icJiaJIH .nsa JIUCTH: O)J.HH )J.O KH$13.sl

KOCTnHTHHa, KHIBCbKOrO BOEBO)J.H, a .D.pyrm1 JlO 6apCbKOrO CTapoCTH, 3aBipeHi llOHa)J. )J.eCnTKOM neqaTOK HaHBHll\HX MOJJ)J.aBCbKHX naHiB.

Y QHX JIHCTaX BOHM ,n.y)l(e npOCMJIH, 11\06 Ili)J.KOBi 6yna Ha)J.aHa )J.OllOMOra TiJibKH ll,O ,llHtcTpa, a TaM BOHH CaMi 6yAyTb 1.JeKaTU Ha HbOrO 3 BiHCbKOM npH3Ha1.JeHoro ,l(Hn. Ili,n.I<OBa B3.fiB Qi JIHCTH i np11lxas 3 HHMH .no Eapa 6e3 po3rOJIOCY H BiJUJ.aB CTapocTi, noTiM niH Man TaM 3 HHM TaEMHY p03MOBy.

430

KHHrA III CTapocTa ai)lnonis Ha 11oro npono3Ht\i'i, U(O 6ya 611 paAJ-til }lOnoMorrM i JterKO Mir 6H Qe B'HtHHTH, O,ZJ,HaK naM'SITa€ npo n epeMMp '.n, KOTpe KOpOJtb MaB 3 T}rpeQbKl1M C)'JlTaHOM, TOMy B\JMHMTM TaK BiH He MO)Ke 6e3 KOponinCbKOI BOJli Ta iHCTpyKJ.{ii1. 0.JlHaK BiH o6ii.VIB, ll11IllYlil1 )).0 KOpOJlR B iHllll1X cnpaaax, He 3a6yr11 ii Qiei. RK6M Qe Mano llMHMTJ.1C.H 3 KoponiBChKOi aoni , To siH 611 He n~MOBIIBCR si.n. raKor npono3MQii. BiH HaKa3aB Oi.n.KoBi 3aTpMMaTHCR }leCb B iHUJOMY MiClJ.i, 60 .HK611 BiH )KHB y fiapi. TO npo HhOfO 6 }li3HaJllfCR, i TO}li 6 Morna BHHMKJ-IYTH y Mon}laBChKiH 3eMni .HKach TpHsora. Di,nKosa, no}lRKysasmM, nolxas reTb. CTaHicnan KonMQbKMH , KOTpHH Hel\aBHO npn:lxas 3i cTeny JlO Eapa, .nosi.nasor npo Qe i nolxan JlO Di.n.KOBM, pa,niiOllM 3 i1:oro macT.H i1 o6iQ.HIOllH }lonoMorrM HOM)' y schoMy, llJ.1M 3MO>I<e. Di.zvwna no.n.RKYSaB MOM)' 3a Qe i npoxan, mo6 TOH ni}lTsep.1lJ.1B cnoao .n.inoM, o6iQRB MOM)' }laTH meJlpy Bl1Haropo.n.y, RKmo focnO.Jlb Bor nocnpH.H€ i1:oro HaMipaM i niH }locsrrHe npecTony, RK 3aKJIMKaiOTb JlO Qhoro iioro ni;v~aHi. DoTiM KonHQbKHM, yni06neHeQb K03aKiB, 3 KOTPHMM nepe6ysas 3 20 poKiB, nolxas .n.o HHX i .n.as IM Tpoxw rpollleM, mo Mas 3a nonepe.n.HIO c.ny>K6y. ,l(ony\JHBCR .n.o Qboro q an a, O)lHH MO.JI,lJ.aBaHMH, KOTpMi1 -ryr o.n.py)KHBCR i >KHB y csoii1 sonocTi Ha BpaQJiaBW.J.1Hi. I I (c. 36) CTapaHHRMM OQHX JJ.BOX 3i6panocR n-zih@6a zomyeml>l.A 330 MaM:>Ke }l06i pHHX K03aKiB, Ha,n: KOTpHMH reTbMaHOM 6yB lliax; TaK BOHH i1mu Ha 3'SIBHJIHCR .n.o DiJJ.KOBH. 3 HHM BOHH s.n.apiDIH Ha Mon}laBiiO, ane noqyn11, mo ?rfoniJaJJi10 MOJI)laBCbKMH rocno.n.ap DeTpo BHCTYflHB npoTM HMX 3 seJIMKHM sii1cbKOM, B3SIBllll1 i3 C060IO BeJIHKY KiJibKicTb rapMaT. Y K03aKiB >Ke rapMaT, oqeBH)lHO, He 6yJio, qepe3 mo BOHH i1 nosepHYJIH Ha3a}l, Ha6paswH nposiaH-ry, i CTa.JIH qeKaTH Kpaw.oi oKaJii. Mon.n.ascbKHM rocno.n.ap DeTpo .n.osi.n.ascH npo Qe i noCJias qaywa rypeQhKoro cyJITaHa }lO ranMQbKOro KamTeJIHHa, KOTp11i1 TOJli ixas si.n. cyJITaHa 3 M11pH11M .u;orosopoM. lleTpo nocKap>KHBCH MOM)', mo K03aKH scynepeq naKTaM i nepeM11p'10 nycTowaTb cynTaHCbKY 3eMJIIO i nparHyTb noc~HTM lli,nKosy Ha MOJI)laBCbKMM TPOH. Bia npoc11s, m;o6 TOH HallHCaB }lO KOpOJIH, a TOH IU06 HKHaHWBH)lWe 3ano6ir TaKHM HaMipaM lli)lKOBH, CaMOrO >K lli)lKOBY CXOllHB i CKapaB, HK TOfO BHMarae [M11pHHH] .n.orosip, a K03aKiB Bi)l)las .no cy.n.y. RKmo QbOro He 6yJle 3po6JieHO, TO)li -rypeQbKHH cyJITaH He )lOTpHM)'BaTHMeTbCH MHPY 3 KopoJieM. raJIH~KHj,J KaWTeJIHH )J.OKJia,n:HO OllHCaB yce Qe KOpOJIIO, qepe3 11\0 KOpOJib 6ys .lzy)Ke CTpHBO>KeHHH i Bi,npa3y >K llOCJiaB CBOfO KOMOpHHKa 3 JIHCTaMH )J.O reTbMaHa, a TaKo>K 11.0 }le~nrnx pycbKHX naais, a6H Ti )lOKJiaJIH scix aycWlb 3MJIH TOrO, 11\06 lli.u;KOBa 3 iHWHMH 6yaTiBHHKaMH 6ys cniHMaHHH 3a 6yro>RK}' QiH}'. lliCJij[ 1..\hOro reTbMaH noCJias TPH poTH, Ha,n: HKHMH noCTaBHB cTapmHM csoro CJIYI}' Eo6oJieQbKoro. Eo6oJieQbKHH cno}liBaBcH aacraTH lli.nKo.sy B HeMnposi, 6o TOH nepe.n. QHM 6ys TaM, TOM)' If aupywHa npocro ry.zr.H. O.n.HaK lli)J.Koaa aqacHo nocTepir He6e3neey ii BHixaa 3 MicTa, MaiO'lH npH co6i 50 nixoTHHQiB i3 pymHHL\HMH, i np116ya .n.o o.n.Horo 6po.u;y. BiH a'ixaa KOHCM y BO)J;y, llOKH BOHa He CRfH}'Jia KiHCbKOrO qepeoa, i llOCTaBHB nepe)l co6o10 crpiJibl.\iB. KoJIH Eo6oneQbKHH npuixaa.z.o 1..\bOro 6poJJ.y, Bin no6a'IHB nJO)J;eH f BiHCbKOBOM}' nopH.ll.K}' B ,u;o6pOM}' Micl.\i, Ba>KKOM)' )1,0 a.z.o6yrrs, i noBepfiYBCJI Ha33.,A. ni)lKOBa )I( noixaB 3a HHM ~0 HeMHpOBa. Bo6oJte~bKHH

431

KHMrA III s'ixan .u.o [naHCbKoro] .z~nopy, a Ili.u.Kona- .u.o MicTa. Eo6oneUbKI1MJJ.OMarascg y Micu;esoro ypH.UOBI.VI, n~o6 TOM nn.nan ITi.uKony, a TOM si.nnoaia: «R He MO)I(}'T06i MOfO BH.l(aTH, a.JJe l'.f He 3a6opOH.SUO T06i UbOro; Di3bMI1 MOfO, HKJ.UO xoqew». Eo6oneu;hKHM nolxan reTh, Hi'lloro He n.u.iHBWH. llicn11 u;horo reTb-

%ih(p0a 1Ulna8 Ha

Molli'la -

8iw

MaH 11.an 3HaTM Koponeni, lllO ITil-l.KOBY Ha3,uorHa.JJH y HeMHposi, aJie HaMicHMK 6pal.J)IaBCbKOI'O BO€BO}l.J1 He CXOTiD MOfO BM.U.aTH. KopOJib llOCJiaB ,lJ.O BOEBO}l.H, lll.06 TOM HaKa3aB BHJl.aTH ITill.Kony. AJre noKH KoMopHMK np116ys, Dill.Kosa, 3HOBY .u.o6pe ni.u.rorynam.IUJ.Cb, Hanan Ha Mon.n.asiio. HoMY Ha .u.onoMory npHI'.fmon reThMaH Illax i3 600 Ko3aKin, 3a.JJI1WHBllll1 Ha H113y lllC 400. Illax pyxaBC.H I.l.IJIHXOM, KOTpm13BeTbCH flpo6MTMM; npMsiTaBWH Tii,nKOBY HK MOJI}l.aBCbKOfO fOCOOJJ.apH, BiH HaKa3aB y,napMTH B WKipHHi 6apa6aHH. [(i K03aKH npose1111 :iioro IDK .no CopoKH. KoJII1 BMMWJIH 3a CopoKY I I (c. 37), TO Tii.n.Kosy npMHHHJIH HI< rocno.u.apn, i ue Bt.IHHl}Jia HacaMnepeJJ. qepHb. KOJm TieTpo noqyn npo u;e, TO np11rorynascn BHCT}'DHTH npoTH ITi.U.KOBM. Kon11 Tii.nKosa ni.u.ii1wos .no Rcc, lleTpo BHHWOB npoTH Hboro 3 ni:ikhKOM, RKoro Mas qHMa-

'liumlia J m!Jp· l(tlMU

JIO, OC06JIMBO TfpKiB, n'RTCOT 3 .siKHX nOCTaBHB Ha '-lOlii 3 BOfHCllaJibHOIO 36poElO. KoJII1 K03aKM no6al..IMJIM ue, BOHH 3po6HJIM TaK, lll.06 UH 36pon He 3Morna IM 3alllKOJJ.MTM. KoJIM 6yno 3ana.JJeHo fHOTH, K03aKH, no6aqHBWH.U.HM, sci pa30M npHnaJIMlJ.O 3eMJIL TypKM, no.n.yMaBlllM, ~o K03aKH s6HTi, KMJ-IYliMcH .u.o HMX, a Ti, CKoqMnmM Ha HOrM, s.n.apHJIM 3 PYlllHMUb Ha T)'PKiB, i 300 3 HHX T)'T )f(C BnaJio 3 KOHeM", iHliii nonTiKaJIH. ITeTpo no6aqJm CBOIO nepwy Hen.na'-1)' i HaKa3an cnoiM iHliiHM JIIO.U.HM ni.n.crynaTM. Oci<illhi<M niH Man ni.u.cry-

naTM .no Rcc, TO 3BepH)'BC.SI .n.o .u.oJiill.lHhOI3eMJii, /1.0 csoro 6paTa, BaJiaCbKoro fOCDO/l,apH. 3Bi.U.CH BiH Bill.npaBHB DOCOJibCTBO Jl.O rypeQbKOfO CYJITaHa, CKap)f(a'-IHC.sl Ha K03aKiB, nill./l.aHHX llOJibCbKOfO KOpOJI.H, 3a Te, lll.O BOHI1 BI16I1Jll1 i1oro 3 3eMJii i BiJJ./l.aJIM II .u.o iHnn1x pyK. IT p11 UhOM)' niH npoc11n cy;ITaHa npo nop.SI-ryHOK. CynTaH Bi/l,nonin i1or-ry: «51 Te6e Ha3BaB CBOIM niMaHI1M i .nan To6i 1.\lO ,nep)f(any /l,Jl.H TOrO, ~06 TH MCHi CJIY)f(IIB TaM, .n.e .sl T06i HaKa3)'lO- T11 )K 3aMiCTb u;horo caM HaKa3yElll Me Hi To6i CJI)')f(I1TI1. OT)f(e, .H HaKa3yiO To6i nporHaTH TOfO JlOTpHKa, a KOJII'l 1.\bOfO He 3p06I'llll, TO .SI T06i Bi,npy6aiO fOJIOB)', a imnoro nolllJIIO Ha ~IO ll..ep)I<aoy». THM '-lacoM Wax 3 I<03aKaMH I.U.aCJIMBO 9Tiih(p6a- noca.u.11n fli~Kony Ha rocnoll.apcTBO, He 3a3Hanmu )KO,nHol wKo.nn. BoHH a'lxa.Mo!liJaiJJIM JJ.O Rcc y Ha,u,ne'-Iip'SI co. AHll.pi51 1577 poi<)'. TaM ycix yn'n3HeHHx 6yno si.n.nyCbi(UU zocnoiJap meHo 3a BHK)'n. Mi)I< HHMH 6yn i EOI<ii1, lllJI51XTI1'-I 3 Bom1Hi, npo.naHHi1 rypKaM TaTapaMH. IToTiM fli)l,Iwoa CTaB po3,nanaTH ypHJl.H. lllaxooi oiH .nopyqHn secb MOJI,ZJ,anchKHM Hapoll., a qani - MapwanKincTso; KonMu;hKOMY .nan xoTMHCbKe nHpKaJia6cTBO. nocJJaB i ll.O rypeUhi<oro cyJITaHa no npanop, aJie Toro nocJia nepexonHJIH no ~opo3i, i niH ne ll.ii1lllon /1.0 cyJITaHa. focno.nap TieTpO nepmHM 3i6pan HeMaJie BiHCbi<O. KOJ111 K03aKH 110'-I)'JIH, ~0 BiH npH6yn .u.o Rcc, TO nopaJJ.HJin fliJJ.I<OBi, a611 He l..leKan nopora y 3aMK)', a BHXO.U.HB npoTM Hboro. KoJIH lleTpo B)f(e 6yn Heno/l,aniK Bill. Rcc, fli,nKooa 3 K03aKaMH i MOJI/l.aBChKMM JIIOJJ.OM nHMlllOB npoTH HhOro i no '-Ian llll1h.)'BaTH niilcbKO TaK, mo6 MOJI/l,aBchi<HM JIIO.U. CTan Ha qoni :H neplllMM scrynMn y 6ilr. Ko3aKn He /1.03BOJIHJIM :HoMy ~horo po6HTH, 6o He nip11m1 MOJI/l.aBaHaM. flicn.H IJ;bOI'O Wax nocJiaB noHa.u. .necHTh K03aKio Ha cTopo)f(y, U.l,06 Ti no6a\.JHJ111, 5IK neTpo lllHK)'€ CBO€ niHCbKO. Ti no6aqJ1JIH, IJ(O ne-rpo HaKa3aB rHaTJ1 nepe/1. co6oiO

432

KHMrA III CTa.l{a KOHeH i xy,no611, nparHy"'H 3MeCTH niXOTHH~iB 6M.l{JIOM. IJepe.ll, QMM CTa.)J.OM rypKM I10CJiaJIM CBOIX Ha rep~b, i Ti rap~IOBaJIM .l{OCMTb .l{OBfO, .l{OKH K03aKaM He Ha6pH,nJio TepniTM. lllax, nparHy"'M, ~o6 soporH ni.n'ixanH 6Jin>K'Ie, 3aTpHMaBCH. Kom1 >K .no Hboro B>Ke 6JIH3bKO ni,z(iihuJIH, siH* I I (c. 38) HaKa3aB ,naTH no aoporaM 3ann 3 pywHH~b, nicJIH qoro o.n.Hi 6yJJH s6MTi, a iHwi nO'IaJIH ai,ncrynaTM. Ko3aKH no'laJIM cTpiJJHTH i no Tii1 xy.no6i, SIKa MYCHJJa nosepHyri1 Ha3a,n i cTana TOnTaTH lleTpoaMx mo.neii. Tio6a"'MBWM ~e, Oi,nKOBa, ~0 CTOHB 110 npaay pyKy, i lliax, ~0 CTOHB JJiaopyq, a.n.apHJJM Ha HHX j IlO'IaJIH 6MTH H py6aTH po3ry6JJeHe BiHCbKO; 6araTbOX IlOKJJaJIH TpynoM, a TieTpo 3 pewTOIO JJe,nae BTiK. O.n.HaK Tii,nKoaa, 3,no6yawM nepeMory, 3aCYMHi BaBCHYTOM)', "111 napTO CH)l.iTH Ha ~bOM)'TpOHi, OC06JIHBO TOM)', ~o qya npo BeJIHKe ceMHropo.n.c hKe aiticbKO, HKe MWJJO TieTpoai Ha.nonoMory. ToM)' niH CBO€'lacHo BHixaa 3 Rcc, B3HBIDH 3 co6o10 14 rapMaT, SIKHafulinwi pe'li i1 6araTo npoaiaury. CTapaH: xoTHHCbKMM nHpKaJia6, KOTporo KonH~b KHM BHrHaB 3 XoTHHa, )KHB ua QbOM)' 6oQi ,lLHicTpa y Ma€THOCTi .HKf6a CTpyCSI. KoJIH niH .noai;J.aacH, ~o Qei1 HOBMH rocno.nap BHpywHB 3 .Hcc, TO Ta€MHO BHixaa i co6i, qaryiO'lH Ha KonMQbKoro, i [apemTi] cniiiMaB M:oro. A KOJIH BiH ixaB .l{O CBOfO fOCilO)J.apSI, TO HaTpanHB Ha K03aKiB, SIKHX IlOCJlaB npOTH Hhoro lli.n.Koaa, ~o6 6e3ne'IHO BHixaTH 3 XoTMHa. Ko3aKH 3pa3y >K ai,nlUIJIH KonM~bKOro, a caMoro nHpKaJJa6a i THX, XTO 6ya np11 HhOM)', nopy6aJIM, HiKoro He 3aJIHIDHBIIIH a >KHBHX. KoJIH Tii.n.Koaa Ha6JJM3HBCH .n.o CopoKH, .neHKi no.nyMaJIH, ~o aiu Ma€ HaMip BHpyurHTM Ha HM3. O,nHaK ixaTH cTenoM 6oSIJIHCH '1epe3 aeJIHKi CHirH, a ixaTH '1epe3 HeMHpia- 6oHJJHCH reTLMaHa fl 6pa~aBCbKOrO BO€BO.li,H, HKi Ha ni)I,CTaBi KOpOJiiBCbKOrO MaH.l{aTa .lJ.Y>Ke nparayJIH HOrO CXODMTM. reTLMaH npHMillOB 3 BiMCbKOM, ane, no6a'lJ:HBWH lli;J.KOBY B _no6pOM)' nopH.li.Kf 3 "'HMaJIOIO I10TYfOIO, He CXOriB npo6yaaTM I..U;acTH, 3HaiO'llH, ~o He 3MO>Ke B3HTH lli;J.Koay 6e3 KpoaonpoJIHTI'H. Epai.VIaBCbKHH BO€Bo.n.a, ~o nepe6yaaa y HeMMpoai, 3anpocHB .no caoro .n.aopy KiJihKOx KoJaKia, cepe.n. HKHX 6ya i ixHiii reTbMaH IIIax. TaM ao€ao.na iM cKaJaa, I I (c. 39) W:O, He 6yawH BHHHHM, MaB 'IHMaJii KJIOilOTH y KOpOJIH qepe3 l.'(bOfO Ili)J.KoBy, HKOrQ BOHH npoBeJIH Ha rocno,napCTBo i .l{aJIH l{HM npHBi)J. rype~bKOM)' cyJITCUJY )t1ISI poapuay nepeMHP' H. Biu nopa,n11a iM, ~o6 BOHH ~HM He JierKoaa)KHJIH i He CTHryBaJIH Ha ce6e KOpOJiiBCbKOrO rHiBy, ~06 fli.l{KOBa IlOIXaB .l{O KopOJISI i BHnpaa.n.aaCH. OcKiJILKH aiu e pHI..\apcbKHM M}'>KeM, To KOpOJih H:oro B.li.H'IHO npHHMe. Biu caM o6i~HB npoaecTH Tii;J.Koay JJ.O reTLMaua, a reTbMa.H noi.n.e 3 HHM JJ.O KOpOJIH. Ko3aKH CKaJaJIH npo l.'(e fli;J.KOBi, KOTpHH pa.n.o npHCTaB Ha TaKY nponoaHI.'(ilo i noixaa 3 BO€BO.UOIO .no reTLMaHa, noJJ.apyaaawH BO€BO.Zd 12 rapMaT, a feTbMaHOBi- 2. reTbMaH Bi.l{iCJiaB ~OrO )1,0 KOp0JIH 1 Ha aapmaacLKHH ceiiM. Ta KopoJIL npHHHHB iioro ueB.li,H'IHO i ai.n.paay >K HaKa1 aaa I10Ca.li,HTH ){0 B H3HHid, aa6HTH y KaH.ll,aHH Ha HOrax i JJ.06pe CTeperTH. TiiCJIJI ceifMY 1578 poKY KopoJIL noixaa 3 BapmaaH .no Jlbaoaa nepeaa>Kuo 11epea Te cyM' HTTH, nto no'llaJIOCH qepea lli,nKoay. OcTaHuLoro niH Bi.ll,iCJiaB JJ.O B' SI3HHI.d y Paai, .li.YMaiO'IH Bi.n..n.aTH iforo ni,n 'laC CeHM)' Ha CTpa· TY· 6o Mas Ha Hhoro ay6. KopoJIIO HmJIOCH npo lliJUIXTf, HI<aJzy>Ke a6oJiiBaJia • ~HB. iAcHTHqHHA MaJIJOHOK y KH.

III (c. Sl opHriHaJIY) .

433

!!TopaJK.{L !JTempa

KHIIrA III 9ll~1Jt>l@u

'Ul!JUl {)o)ca. UUftlw:R

y r(ppaii.R JHU~HIU't

aa UHM lli;:(KOBOIO, 6o TO 6yu .n.o6pui1 MY*· O.n.HaK lli.n.KoBy Koponb .n.au CTJITM B)Ke y JlbBOBi, i ue 6yJio 3po6JieHO Ha BHMOry qayma rypeUbKOrO cyJITaHa. Qei1 qaym, I.qO 6ys y KOpOJISI, CKapJKHBCSI TaKOJK Ha 6paUJiaBCbKOf0 BO€-

1(9JcuG8 BO.llY .HHa ai 36apaJKa Ta <l>iJioHa KMHT}', JIKi .nepJKanM y cuoix MaETHOCTSIX Ko3aKiB, a Ti 'IHHMJIH rypKaM ueJIHKi WKO.D.H • .HK6H BOHM He TPHMaJIH y ce6e KoaaKiB, TO He 6yno 6 i UhOro ana. ToMy KopoJib HaKaaau npHKJIHKaTH ix Ha.naipHHMH noaoBaMM. L(i He yx.HJIHJIMCJI Bi.n. cy.n.y, xoqa if He noBHHHi 6yn11 CTaBaTM )1.0 cy,ny 3a TaKHMM ll030BaMM, CKa3aJII1, I.qO BOHH He BHHHi, M 3anpODOH}'BaJIH KOpomo B'IHHHTM po3CJI:iiJyoa'liM B ixHix MicTetJKax. KopoJib 9(p.Micapu TaK i 3p06HB, DOCJiaBIIIH )J.JUI 1..\bOfO CBOIX KOMicapiB, O)J.HaK Ti He 3MOfJIH oo 1(9Jal\i8 3HaihH JKOll.Horo BHHHoro. IUonpaa.na, 6yn11 TaM 3aTpHMaHi HKicb roJIH'lKH, aJie ix ,ZJ.OBeJIOCb Bi,nnyCTHTH, 60 He 6yJIO 3a J.nO Ha)J. H11MI1 36HTKfBaTMCH. KoMicapH noixan11 TaKOJK .n.o HM30BQiB, nparHyqH ix npH6opKaTH. Alre ue 6yJIO IM He ni.n. CH.TI)', TOMf BOHH M DOBepHyJIH, Hi'IOrO He B"lHHMBWH, 60 'lepe3 [ crpary] Di.n.KOBH K03aKH 6ym1 CTpaweHHO po3JIIO'leHi. lloTiM K03aKH qacTo Han~aJIH Ha Mon.n.aailo a OJieKcaH.npoM, 6paTOM Tii.n.KOBM, 'IHHWIH TaM BeJIHKi WKO.D.H. I To,z:(i, M: Tenep 6ys .lcy)Ke noTpi6HHM MY)KHifl K03aUbKHH Hapo.n. y 6opoTh6i npoTM 6y.n.h-HKoro aopora KopOHH, JlHTBM :H Pyci, oco6JIHao npoTH ryp1da i TaTap, KOTpi 3 a3iaTCbKHX cTopiH qacTo Han~aJIH Ha YKpaIH}' i I.qe paHime 'tiHHHJIM iif BeJIMKi UIKO,ZJ.M. npo ue "'MMaJIO CBi)J.'leHb y xpoHiKax. A Tenep ui aoiioBHH'li JOHaKH nory)I(HO ncyJOTh ai:HcbKOBHH na.n. noraHCbKMx 6ycypMaHuis, aa mo Hexai1 6y.u.e xaana rocno.n.y Eory. OcKiJihKH ryT nMcanocH npo pychKi aeMJii, TO HaM a.n.anocH cJiymHHM .u.o.n.aTH npo Te, I.I..lO CTaJIOCSI He.n.aaHO, y 'KBimni 1598 poKy, I I (c. 40) y JlyQhKOMf €DHCKODCTBi HeDO)J.aJiiK Bi.D. KOpoJiiBCbKOfO MiCTe'lKa JlOCHI..\b, i UHM MH 3aKiHqyEMO TpeTJO KHMry. OT)I(e, y ceni Bo3HMKax, aJiacHocTi naHiB KimKiB, eapeflchKi pa6HHH BKpanH Boiiu;exa TieTpeHIO, 'IOTHpHpiqHY .D.HTMHY 3 6JIH3b68pei1cr.1(fl xopcmo- Koro ceJia CBHHSiposa, BJiacHocTi UHX )l(e naHiB. BoHM a6MJIM .D.HTHH}' Ha caoJO l(jcmb nacxy i BKHHfJIH Me)l(i Kfi.I..li H Ol.lepeT 6iml CTaBKa, li.(O 3Hax o,n:MBCSI no6JIM3y. DoTiM aa u.e TPH eapei- AapoH, MapK Ta IcaaK- 6yJII13acy.u.)l(eHi aa Jlio6JiiHChKOMf TpH6}'HaJii, /1.0 HKOfO QSI cnpaBa )].iHillJia 3aBlJ,SIKH HanoJierJIHBOMf CTapaHHIO BeJihMO)I(HOrO naHa I lliTBaHa DeTTi .n.e repce' BW:b1i020 6apona na 6o6i, yropu;SI, aeJihMH peaHoro KaTOJIHKa. BiH y u.ei1 qac TPHMaB BMI.qe3ra.n.aHe ceJio SIK nocar cnoei .n.py)I(HHH faHHH KMU\aHKM, ni.D.JISIChKOI BOEBO.D.MHM. L(ei1 naH Bi)].KHH}'B BeJIHKi €BpeikhKi DO.D.ap}'HKH, i 3fa,l\aHi EBpei 3fi,n.HO i3 cy)].OBHM TpH6}'HaJibCbKHM BHpOKOM 6yJIH 'ieTBepTOBaHi. Tiny uiei )].HTI1HH, )I(OpCTOKO noKOJIOTOMy, 6y11o np11.n.iJieHo aem-my ynary EepHapll.OM Mai.~ei1oscbKMM, To.n.i I.qe JIYUhKHM Eni1CI<OnoM. KoJIH )I( aiH cTan KpaKiBCbKHM enMcKonoM, TO 1600 pOKf 3BeJiiB u.e TiJIO 3 BeJIHKOIO l.JeCTIO jJK peJiiKBiiO nepeHeCTH 3 JlyuhKOrO enMcKoncTna 11.0 JlJ06JiiHa. TaM em1cKon anacHopyq noKJiaB u.e TiJio y lJ.HHKOBiH TpyHi y BeJIHKOMY BiBTapi €3YlTCbKOrO KOCTbOJIY i no.u.apyaaB E3yITaM. TaM noHo npHcTo~mo a6epira€TbCSI i nol.JHHa€ npocnaBJHJTMCSI Ha,l\3Biiqai1HHMI1 .n.apaMM i MHJlOCTSIMH, )J.aHHMI1 3 He6a.

Illpo.

XPOHIKA IIPYCCbKOI 3EMJII, ."' Mtcmumbcfl . y KSJmptu cmucJtuu"' onuc Micm, gaMI(jfJ i npoBingiu, lf!,O Ha!leJ~Camb oo 1-tei, a ma1(SJJIC ycitt .A1azicmpi6 i 1(9Mmypi6 ~~;;~~ zyecmoHocgifJ, ma1(9JIC i BiiiH, flKf fJoHU npofJaOUJlU npotn5!ZOM mpufJaJtow ~acy J noflfl1(aMu ma flumfJow JZiihw 3 6Jta路 CHUM nopfl01({JM. Ylge e KHHfAIV

rXp~~~ 6~apni Mu1(9JWJ flo6a, POKH 'Eo~ow 1611

•

MOrO MOCTl naHa Ha;J;BlpHOrO KOpOHHOrO

MAPIIIAJIKA

He 6ioa, U&O ue oae mo6i !Onimep 3a zep6 6yuuozo nmaxa A6o o36poe1wzo wuaxa ua ?Coui; l.[u mo l/Je6 6i.Jlozo .M6eo.fl, Y?Compozo 3axoxae npeKpacuy Jleoy; l.[u mo Aicoea ,l(iaua npyoxozo oAeAA, 'lu mo !Oum-~,a ceoi· xpUJl,a oo meozo zep6a; ,l(ocum'b mozo, U&O mu emauoeauuu 3UGMe'1i'HJl.M npa'ldi, 3po6Aeuoi· 6 uaoii. ua 3aCJtyJICeuy uazopo()y. BMuxa ziouicm'b ey 3uamuocmi meozo ypRoy, A ei3epyuO?C npa'/d'b CUMBoili:rye ZOilOBa 3eipa. Y meow 3uamuicm'b npupoaa BJlUJla BMuxi 'l.(,ecuomu, 'lecuoma JIC, oaemu yp.Ro, 3 npa?J,i 'lie 36ill'b'1iUJla; ae i £ uazopooa 3a npa?J,10, y 'IJ,'bOMY ue eapmo cyMuieamuC.R, Maem 30Jlomy xopouy e uioAo.Mi mym, A MamU.Mem nomi.M ua ue6i. I I (c. 2 nepeiJ.MoBU)

JICHOBEJibMO)I(HOMY IIAHY, :ti:oro MOCTI IIAHY MHKOJIAIO BOJibCbKOMY 3 III,ZJ;rA€D;h, HNJ;BIPHOMY KOPOHHOMY MAPIIIAJIKOBI, KillEIIIIJ;bKOMY, P ABIDTMHChKOMY, IHOBJIO,ZJ;3hKOMY iT. ,n;. CTAPOCTI, ITI,lJ;qAIDQMY MOrO MOCTI XPHCTHJIHCbKOrO IMIIEPATOPA, MO€MYBEJihMM MRJIOCTHBOMY IIAHY u

IIIMJJo, a.JJe He 30BciM 311;oposo HacoJio~ynaTHCH I.U;aCTHM i HiKOJIM He 3HaTM BHnpo6ynaHb i JIIO.l{HHi,

i Peqi IIocnOJIHTiH. monpan,na, Qe .l{OOOMara€ JierKo 3.l{06YTM CJiany. KoJIM )K nepeCJiiJzyiOTh TPY.U.HOW:i i .u.anHTh T.Hrap KJionoTiB, TO TH)KKO TaKe nepeHeCTM, 3aTe OOTiM Qe npHHOCHTb BeJIMKY CJiaBy. II(aCT..Sl po6HTb JIIO,n;eM: He.z:r.6aJIHMH, a BHnpo6ysaHHH B'laTb pii.II)"'OCTi ii Mf.U.pOcTi. JIK OCJiiiDIIO€ Be.JIHKe CBiTJIO, TaK piBHe CBiTJIO )];03BOJIH€ BCe Kpam;e 006a'tiHTM; po3yM y BHCOKOM}' i npeKpaCHOM}' m;acTi 3aB)K,AH CJia6WHH, a y noMipHOM}' i cynepe'IJIHBOM}' BiH 6yna€ rocTpimHM. ToMY He,n;aBHO o.u.Ha KOpOJieBa, BOaBWH B Hei.U;aCTH qepe3 CBOrO 'IOJIOBiKa, CJI}'lliHO OOBTOpiOBaJia CBOiM: «.H HiKOJIH co6i He 3H 1UVIa 6 IIJ,aCTH aHi BeJIHKOrO, aHi 6JiareHbKOrO, WBH,n;we pinuoro i nocriiiHoro. Eo w;acTH- .HK o,n;11r. BoHo noraHe, KOJIH TicHe, i noraHe, KOJIM npocTope. H aiiKpaw:e )K TaKe, KOTpe B CaMHH pa3. TOM)', KOJIH 6 MeHi .U.OBeJIOCH BH6HpaTH, TO Kpaw:e BH6paJia 6 HaHT.H)K'tle, Hi)K HaiinoKa3Hiwe». Cnpana n TOM}', w;o Hew:acHOMY pi.n;Ko I.QaCTHTb B yrixax Ta H~il, a maCJIMBOM}' - B p03YMi. C7rywHO )K JIIO)];H MaJIIOIOTb OPTYHY CJiinoiO. A.Jie Qe He TOM}', I.U;O BOHa He 3Ha€, Koro o6.n;apynaTH 6araTCTBOM, 6o BOHa o.n;uaKono .n;oro)];)Ka€ i MY.z:tPHM, i ri.AHHM. fiiJILme TOMf, BOHa IIIBM)];We OmyKa€ TOrO, KOMf OCOOJIMBO CTapaHHO c.ny>KHTb. He .z:tHBHHa, w;o focno.n;b Bor .n;onycKae, ll.\0 JIJO.ZVlM

437

KHHrA IV ~iiOTbCR BCiJJRKi ryp6al\ii, 60 1.\e B11pa8U AJUI po3yM}' i pimyttOCTi; XTO He

6ysaB Ha 1.\bOM)' nJial\y, TOH He TaK ,n;o6pe BMfOCTp11B CBiH po3yM, a XTO 6ysas Ha HbOM)' 3 BMnpo6ysaHH.RMI1, TOH eTas M)',D;pimi1M i .n;ocsi.n;tteHi· mMM BO.HKOM, .n;onaiOttl1 sciJI.Hid Tpy,n;Ho~i. XTocb Ha3M:BaB He~aCJIHBHM TOrO, .HKHM He 3a3HaBaB Hi.HKHX HetnaCTb, a HaMI..ll;aCJII1BiiiiMM TOfO, KQTp11H3 Bnnpo6ysaHb Bl1HIIIOB HeymKO,D;)I{eHMM, nopiBHIOIOttH OCTaHHboro 3 MaTepi€10 1 KOTpa MaE 30JIOTHMK, T06TO TaKMM 30JIOTOM, .HKe B11TpHMY€ pi3Hi npo611 norneM. Ue rosopMTbC.H i npo JIIO,n;ei1, 1.\e MO)I{Ha 1.\iJIKOM Bi,n;HeCTI1 i ~0 Petti nocnOJII1TOI, 6o Pitt nocnoJIMTa € 3rpoMa,D;il<eHH.HM JIIO}leH;

i ttHM 6iJiblUi He6c3neKI1 Bnna,n;aiOTb Ha II ,D;OJIIO, TI1M ysa)I{Hi-

ma BOHa )J.O HMX. ~HiM HC6C3ne'lHimi 6MTBI1 1 TMM 3Ha'lHiiiii TpiyMqm, 'IMM Baii<'li 3BliT.HfM, THM Kpami 'l.JaCH; CJIOBOM, .HK llaJibMa: tiHM 6iJibllli Tpy,n;HOII.d BHDa,D;aiOTh Ha II ,D;OJIIO, THM 6iJibliiOIO BOHa BHpOCTa€ 3 B0,'.(11. TaK i KO)KHa pecny6niKa, nepeuiciiiH Tpy,n;Ho~i, .HKi BMna.n;aiOTb na

noJIIO, npoQsiTaTHMe; ue TaK caMo, .HK MOp.HKOBi niCJI.H IUTOPM)' HaliMMnimoiO € .n;o6pa noro.n;a, TaK i rpoMa,D;..HHaM Peqi TiocnoJIHTol nicJI.H TpMBaJioi BTOMM HaHMI1JliiiiHM € ni.n;nO'li1HOK.

A KopoHa noJibCbKa,

M11JIO-

CTUBIIH naHe MapiiiaJIKY, 6ysaJia TO B .noopoMy lHaCTi, TOy np11Kpii1 cnryauii, i B TPI1B03i 6ynaJia ne pa3, o.n;naK 3aB)I<,Z1;11 oiJibllle CJiaBH 3.n;o6ynana coni 3 BO€HHMX TPMBOf, a He 3 Bi]lnOtiMHKY· IUo )I{ HaM 3IJaMeHye TaKa Bell11Ka KiJibKiCTb npanopis, JIKY MO)I{Ha 6a'li1TI1 11p11 CB..HTI1X MiCQJIX? IUo Hara,lJ.yE HaM npo encomia i nucJIOBH Hatino1'1omiH1..Jim11x Koponis? I I (c. 3 nepe,D;MOBH) IUo no}la€ HaM naM'..HTb y KHHrax Ta icTopii npo rcThManin i pHI~apcbKMX JIIO}lei1? TiJibKM Te, mo CJiaBa noni>IIJ.i He Jie)l{ana, ane poc.ria i1 BMpocna y 6opoTh6i 3 BoporoM Ta HemacT.H.M. O.n.naK .H He 6a"4HB TPMBaJiimoi i cepiio3Himol ne6eJneKH ;vm KoponH lloni>CbKoi, Hi)l{ Ta, nKa noXOJI.MJia Bill xpecTOHOCI~iB.

He 6a1..JJIB, u~o6

MOI'YTHicTb i nepesara fiOJihll(i BCJiaBIIJIHCJI 6iJihllle, Hi)K y 3HHII~eHHi xpeCTOHOC~iB, KOTpi 3 TaKHMM OOTY){(HMMH BiHCbKaMH 3 pi3HHX Hapo]liB, 3 TaKHMM BCJIHKHMH CKap6aMU, 3 Tai<OIO 3Hat.IHOIO 36pOIIIIOIO . Jl.OllOMOrOIO, TOiiKHMH MaiienpaMM, HK-TO K(l)KYTb, 1 JieBOM, 1 npaBOM y

nan11, y iMnepaTopa, y cppaH~Y3bKoro, yropcbKoro Ta ~recbKoro KO-

. . .

pomB 1p131IUX I<O.MICap1B HacrynaJIM Ha HaC npOT.HfOM KVIbKOXCOT pOI<IB. Oll.HaK BOIIM 6yn11 po3rpoMJICIIi i1 nepeMO)I{eHi OoJII>lQelO, II 6iJiblllOIO CMJIOJO, po3yMOM i QHOTOIO, y t10M)' BCJIMKa 3ac.nyra npe.LJ.KiB BalllOI MOCTi, MOfO MOCTMBOfO naHa, i I~e 6yno TaK IDK .LJ.O OCTaHHbOfO 3aM11peHHR 3 xpeCTOHOCIVIMH, JIKOMY il CaM Barna MOCTb, MiH MOCTHBMH naH, 6ys csi}lKOM. Mcni 3}la€TbC.R cJiyrm-I010 i npHCTOHHOJO cnpaso10, 111.06 He KOM)'Cb iHIIIOMy, a TiJibKH namii1 MOCTi, MOCTMDOMY naHy, npMCB.HTMTH QIO KIIMfY npo npyCCbKi Ta xpecTOHOCHi niiiHM, 60 nama MOCTh, MiH MOCTHBMJI naH, i HMHi QHMM )I{ UHOTaMH Ta QMM )I{C )1.iJIOM CTa€lll y npufO)J.i KopoHi, cTaem lti KopHCHHM, nocTii1Ho BHKOH)'IO"llll TaK 6araTo TH)I{KHX npaQb 'lJJ.1 TO HOfO I<OpOJiiBCbKiH MOCTi, 1..JJ1 TO Pe"lli nocnOJIJ..-fTiii. Yce ~e M~IIbO nepeHOCHill, 11(aCJIHBO cnpanyEm, 3anepmyEm 3 seJIHKOJO

438

KI-111 r A IV )J.JUI ce6e IlOXBaJIOlO

I<Op11CTIO /1,1151 Pel.Ji nocnOJIJ·1TOI, IlOKJiajlaEm ne-

JIUKi TPYJ.I.H 3 Hc6eJneKOIO /J.JIR )l<lfTTn

Ha Mopi, ina 3CMJii, in Kopoui,

1 y CB.HTI1X OTlJ.lB nan, I y lMilCpaTOpiB, I<OpOJIIB, pl3HHX KH.H3JH; L{e HCMO)KJJIIBO ~~ nopaxyuaTH. Bama MOCTb, MiH MOCTHBIII1 naH, ll0XO/U-11Jl

3aCJiy:IKeHoro )J.OMy, 6ys BHXOBaHHH npH iMnepaTOpCbKOMY }l.BOpi, BMB"'HB TaK 6araTO Ha)'K Ta MOR, a R MOJIOJ.I.OCTi o6'1xas TaK 6araTO I<paiH. t.Joro :1K iHUIOrO Bi)J. BaUIOI MOCTi, MOrO MOCTHBOrO nana, MaJia 6 CilO,UiBaTMC.H siTqJ13Ha? TiJibKM Toro, 11..{0 6a't.J'MMO, T06To y CJI}':IK6i Peqi nocnoJIMTiM i KOp01110 MOrO MOCTi CBOIM po3yMOM i nepesarOIO, BaUia MOCTb o6ii1MaE see BCl.)KJ[HBiUii KopoHHi yp.H.UH

HaCJii.UyE y ~hOM)' cnolx 3Haq-

. . . .. ' HMX npe.UKIB; He Jra,n;yiO'-ll-1 npo BClX, CKa,)K)' TlllbKI1 npo 3Ha'-lHOI naM .HTi .ui.ua saUioi MOCTi, caH.D.OMHpCbKoro KaUITCJUIHa MwKOllaJI, KOTpHi1 o6'i3.UHB nc10 €npony, ni.n.si.uan i fpo6 focn o.ucHh, i €pycaJIHM, i1 iHUii CB.HTi MiCIVI; KOTpwii nposis .n.y:>Ke UJ.aCJIHBe nocOJibCTBO OHa

.n.o nan11 Jle-

niH JaB)K)J.M BH.SlBJI.SlB ce6e cnpaB)KHiM ceHaTopoM i y niT'-IH3Hi.

CKa,)KY TaKO:IK i npo cJiasuoi naM '.HTi 6aTbKa saUioi MOCTi, TaKO)K Ha.U.BipHoro KOpOHHOrO MapUiaJIKa, llOCOJlbCTBO .HKOrO .U,O Xp11CTI15IHCbKQro iMnepaTopa Ta icnaHCbKOro KopoJI.H Kap11a

V saUia MOCTh He Ja6y.u,eUI

HacJii.u.ysaTH. MaEUI 3HaTM spOll.)KeHY si,u. npe.n.Kin lf.HOT)', MaEUI 3HaTH i

.u.yx naHChKMH. ,l(o6poM}' Ba,)KKO Jii1TH3 6po.u.y, KOTpHM HUIJlH i1oro npe.uKH.

A 11..{0 )K rOBOpHTM npo no60)f{HiCTb TBOlO,

MCHi BCJlbMM MOCTHBOrO

mrna? A.z:r.)Ke 3 BC1111KI1M KOUITOM i ¢YH.ZJ.a~i.HMM BaUia MOCTb CTaBI1111 i 6y.li.Y€lll M)'PH ,UJI.H 'lCHI.J.iB 3 Op.UCHY I<aMaJib.lf.CHiB, KOTpi HC)J.aBHO npHHillJIH 3 ~11x KpaiH Ji 3Ha'-lHH.M npMMHO)KeHHSIM Eo:~Koi XBaJIH Bi'lHO CJiaBHTH fOCIIO)J.a.

KOTpi 6y.n.yTh

AJie 5I HC 6y.z:r.y ,.U.aJii p03BO,.U.11TI1C.H, 60 3Hal0,

Ilf.O

'lMM 6i.Jihmi JIIO,.U.H MaiOTb 'lCCHOTM, THM 3 MCHIIIMM 6a,)KaHH.HM Cli)'XaiOTb C06i IIOXBaJiy.

HHHi npmny He6araTO. llpOIII)' Ti.JibKH TOrO, a611 Baiiia

MOCTb, Mill MOCTMBHH naH, np11 IIOHM)KCHHX MOIX noc.rryrax 3B01111.B MHJIOCTMBO npHHH.HTH B JiaCK}'

naHCbK)' CBOIO o6opOHY 0~10 MOIO npai.J.lO

i MOIO npnxRTihHicrh. ,l(aHo 3 KpaKosa ..U.H.H

26 )f(OBTHH 1611 poey.

Bamoi MOCTi, MOrO MOCTHBOrO naHa i ,.u.o6po.n.i.H BCbOrO ,.u.o6pa 3M'lJIHBHH i nOHH)KCHI1H CJiyra OJieKCaH.n.p fnaHbiHi, p11~ap JlaTepaHCbKOro naJiarcy; KOMaH,.U.Hp rsap.u,iHCbKOI KiHHOTM.

KHHrA IV

'l!ACTMHA I KHHrH Iv, •u

•

B SIKIH MlCTHTbC.H

KOPOTKHM BMKJIA.ll: IIPO ,lV\BHICTb 3EMJII I KHH3IBCTBA IIPYCCbKOrO; • u ID;O 3a JIIO)l;H TaM )KHBfTb, 3Bl,li;KH H KOJIH u

BOHH npHHlliJIH, .HKHM 'lJHHOM IIJ;aCJIHBO poamHpHJIH CBOI llOCeJieHHH B ~HX Kpaiuax;

Tyr )Ke

~o~IUUI.

ni'!JCCbi({Jzo

i npo ixui cTapo,n;aBHi aa6o6oHH

liiLH CimiH,

3HaTHHil

JieraT

110

Hilpoi}y Jziihto HiMeQbKl1X KH.H3iB i HaifCJiaBHillll1H opaTop MiiK 6araTbMa iH03eMHl1Ml1 KHHJ~u 3HMH, I.I.(O 3,ZJ;iHCHl1B 1.1HMaJIO nOCOJibCTB ~0 flpyccil, TaK nHllle y CBOiH icmopiU(a.Mu

npyc, 6i¢iHC.biQJ.i1 I{S)pOJlb

91pycci.JI.

IJiQ 9Tpyca

;HapoiJu, J 1(9mpu.Mu !!Tpyc J '£i>Ha6CJl

!f'UM.IIJIHU

tJ !!Tpyccii

xpoHiQi: llpyccbKa 3eMJIH T01.1Hillle MaJia 6H 6ynt Ha3BaHa Y JJbMinmi€ro a6o YJibMirepasiEIO; i He6e3ni~cTaBHO, 60 THX JIIO~eif, KOTpi neplliHMH 3aCeJIHJIH QIO 3eMJIIO, 3BaJIH YJibMirepaM.H . .HH llex lll1llle, I.I.(O ~0 uiei KpaiHH npHHlllJil1 3i cxo~y JIIO~H aMaKco6H, roTH, aJiaHH i reHe~H, a6o saH.U.aJI.H, .HKi 3aHHHJI.H Micu.H Ha~ BicJioiO. An.e Maue:H MexoscbKHii y K'H.. 2, poJiJiAi 8 po3noBi,lJ.a€, I.I.(O si<PiHCbKHH KOpOJib pyc np.w6ys CIO~H MopeM i3 MaJIOI A3il. A npo npHtiHHY Uboro npH6yTT.H KaiKYTb Te, mo Kap<PareHChKHH reTbMaH faHHi6aJI BHMaras si~ Hboro po3noqaTH niiiHY npoTH pHMJIHH. KOJm iK BiH TaK B1.1l1Hl1B, TO :HoMy .u.oseJioc.H cKpyTHO, 6o pHMJI.HHH, naHH BCboro CBiry, nepeMaraJIH ~aJieKO 6iJibllli BiHCbKa, Hi)K Bi<PiHCbKOrO KOpOJI.H llpyca. TOM)', 6y~qlf Hl1Ml1 po3rpOMJieHHH 3 yciM BiMCbiWM, BiH He Mir BCH~iTH :H y Bi<PiHii, PYlliHB MopeM 3 yciMa cnorMH JIIO~hMH Ta pe1.1aM11 i npHnJIHB CIO~H, ~0 HalllHX KpaiB, 3Hal01.1l1 npo Te, mo Qi niBHi1.1Hi Kpai 6yJIH He TaK rycTO 3aCeJieHi, .HK nis.n.eHHi H 3aXi~Hi, .n.e JIIO.l(eH D)f(e 6yJio CKpi3b TIOBHO. BHHlliOBlliH Ha 6eper, siH 3'E~Hanc.H 3 THMH JIIO,lJ.hMl1, KOTpi TYT MelllKaJIH, T06To 3 reni~aMH, KoTpi i3 lllseQil 3a roTaMH DHHlliJIH, a TaKOJI< 3 YJibMirepaMH. llepe3IJ.e BOHH MaJIH ,l(~e TIOMilllaHy MOBy, B SJKiH 6yJIO Haif6iJibllle pychKHX cJiiB. Ue BH.li.HO 3 Toro, 11.\0 BOHH Ha3HBaJIH en. Bo:H:uexa, npo mo cni~1.1HTb H:oro )f(HTie, 6icoM, mo I I (c. 2) no-pychKH 03Haqae qopT. EyJio y IJ.bOro llpyca 6araTO i rpeiJ.bKHX CJiiB, 60 BiH CIO~H npH6yB i3 fpeuil, T06TO ni~ KiMspis a Eocnopy Ki.M.MepiuC'b?Cozo. A KiMBpH IJ.e He 1.1.\0 iHllle .HK rpeKH, ,lJ.0Kl1 BOH.H He 3MilllaJil1CSI 3 HiMUHMH. Ueii )f(e MexoncbKHH np11ra.n.ye n iHWOM}' MiCI.~i csoei xpoHiKH, mo 6araTo pHMJIHH qepe3 iKopcToKi niHHH, KOTpi no'liHHaJIHCSI B P11Mi, npHHlliJIH

440

KHHrA IV IJ..O Qiei 3eMJii: l.JaCTitHa IX poJciRJiaC.SI B npyccil, 'iaC'niHa-

D JhiTBi,

l.JaCTM-

Ha- s IH<f>JIRHIJ..ii, Kypn.SIHIJ..ii i )I(My.ni. ToMy KypnRH.UQi w.e i1 .noci noCJiyro· BYIOTbCfl CTap010 npyCCbKOlO MOBOIO, aJie 3 poKaMII '111M IJ..a.Jli, THM 6iJibllJC BOHH li nepeMiman~-t 3 iHWMMM. A Epa:J.M Cme.Jl.Jta TseplJ..MTb, w.o .no Qiei KpaiHH npui1wJIM .neRKi .SIJI1'1HMKM: capraQiaHH, reJiilJ..H, anaHH i seHe.n.w. Ce6aCTi~H EpaHJJ., Tuopel..\b HiMel..\bKMX xpoHiK, TaK MOBHTb npo npyccis i npo

ixHi noceneHH.SI: npyccaKM 6JIM:>K'1i .no piKI-t BicJIH, KOTpa BiM iJI11€ llonhw.y Bill. HiMC'1'411HI1, a 6epe BOHa CBiH nO"laTOK 3 rip, .stKi p03JJ,iJIRlOTh llOJib~Y Ta CiJieJiiO 3 YropcbKOIO JeMJieiO; noTiM :>Ke, npoTiKlllM M anonoJibUJ.eiO Ta Ma30Bi€JO, 6i)KI1Th qepe3 npyccbKY 3eMJIIO "1epe3 TopyHb .no f.naHCbKa i TinbKM 3a MMJIIO Bill. HbOrO nna.nae y COJIOHe Mope. Mi:>K iHwMMM npo 1..\10 JeMJIIO Xp11cT.wHyc, a6o XpHCTMaHyc, nai1nep- 'Biih(pummJI 8i¢iHCbi(U~ WHH npyccbKHi1 enHcKon, m-twe y cnoii1 xpoHiQi TaKe: acmpOHO.MiiJ 3a qacis iMnepaTopa 0KTasiana AsrycTa B MicTi Can10pa, KOTpe poJTarnosaHe y Bi<f>iHCbKii1 JeMJii, 6ynu .HKicb acTponoM.w, KOTpi ysa:>KHO Jas.n;.s~ KH CBO€MY BMiHHIO a60 IJ..MCnyTaU:ii ,n;iJHaBaJIHC.SI npo 11KHXOCb JIIO,[(eH, KOTpi :>KHJIH y CbOMOM)' Ta BOCbMOM)' He6eCHHX U:HKJiax Ha niBHO"li ni_n He6eCHHMH 3HaKaMH PaKa i Ko3epora. nparH}'l.JH npo 1..\C rpyHTOBHO 1J..OBiJI.aTHC11, BOHH flOCJia.JlH CBOIX CJI}T y Ti Kpai. ixHi flOCJiaHu;i npHHWJIH lJ..O TOrO KpaiO 1.1epe3 TaTapcbKy, MocKOBCbKY Ta IH<f>JI.SIHlJ..CbKY aeMni. A KOJIM BOHM nepenpasWIHC11 '1epe3 11KYCb BeJIHKY BOJJ.Y, T~ npHHllJJIM lJ..O aeMJii, KOTpa 6yna .n;y:>Ke npOCTOpa i WHp OKa, aJie He MaJia :>KOlJ..HOI HaJBH; BOHa Jie:>KaJia Mi)K niBHi'll'liiO Ta CXO,UOM. llOCJIH 3BilJ..aJIH 0:10 3CMJIIO i ari,n;HO 3i CBOIMH noTpe6aMH ,n;o6pe ,UO Hei npHlJ..HBHJIHC11, O,[(HaK 3 JIIO,[(bMH, KOTpi TaM )f<lfJIH, He JMOrJIH 3HaHTH cniJibHOI MOBH. 3aB,U11KH )K TOM)', UJ.O cepe,n; HHX 6yJIH capMaTH, a60 BeHeJI.H, BOHH 3MOrJIH TpOXH nopo3yMiTHC11 3 ry6iJibll;11MH i JI.OBiIJ..aTHC11 si.n; HHX npo Te, w.o iM 6yno Tpe6a. Bci u:i nocJIH THX B'leH.wx MY:>KiB Jll(nuuu Xpucm~UUtyc noMep;m no .n;opoai KpiM o.nHoro, 11Kui1' asasc11 ~HBOH (Dywonia). Ueii ,l(H- npo acmpo· sou 6ys HaiiM)'.npiwuJ:i 3 ycix B acTponoMii. KonH siH nosepnysc11JI.O csoix .n.oza 'Du· 8oHa naHiB 1.J:H TOBapumiB, TO IJ..aB IM TaKidi 3BiT npo Ti KpaiHU, npo UJ.O CBml.JHTb ~eu )((e XpHcTuanyc: JeMJii, 11KHMH 11 MaH,n;pysas i qepe3 11Ki npoia,n;HB, .lcy)Ke nycTHHHi; B HHX i )KHBC Hapo,n; lJ..Y'KC TCMHHH i llOraHHH, 11K ryHH. TioTiM npuiimos .n;o iuwoi 3eMJii, ey,n;H B~ enosaKis Te1.J:e npoaopa piKa i sna,Aae y coJioHe Mope. 1..VI aeMJI11 I I (c. 3) He Ma€ RKoicb o,n;HiEi HaasH: OIJ..Hi ii HaJHBaiOTb Capro10, iHmi- fa.nin,n;i€10, a .n.eRKi - BaTHMi€10; TaK craJIOCB qepea qacry nepeMiny "fY'KOnJieMiHHHX mo.n;eii. Qg JeMJIR nenorana ii o6.naposana 6araT&Ma npeKpacHHMH piKaMH ii 03epaMH, Ma€ HaceneHHR HenOraHe, HenpOCTe B p03MOBi, RKe He 3JIOB:>KHBa€ Hi i)KeiO, Hi DHTTRM. BoHR He MaiOTb )KO,n;noro MicTa, cena, ani 6y,n;HHKiB, a :>KHBYTb 6i.JI11 piK ni.n; nau6yifnimHM sep6onoaoM, a ua,zr; HHM po6JI11Tb ,n;axH 3 oqePeTY· A KOJIH y HHX 6yBa€ ,li;Y:IKC )J.OBra H XOJIO,n;Ha 3UMa, TOlJ..i BOHH BJiaWTOBYIOTb 6araTTJI 3 Toro caMoro .n;epesa. HatiTR)K1.J:UH nepio,n; TaKoi 3UMH BOHH CWIRTb. O.n.Rr y nux 3 poro3y; B KO)I(Horo a Hnx TPH .n.py)KHHH. He MaiOTb BOHH RKoroc& oco6nusoro Bora, a IIIaH}'IOTb TinbKH coH~e Ta MicR~b i ~HM )Ke noKJIOHR· IOTbC.R. 3 .n.py)KHHaMH 1.J:HHJ1Tb (iHTHMHi) cnpaBH TaM, 11.e TinbKH XO'IYTb

441

KHHrA IV i KOJIH IM 3a6arHeTbCSI, He maHyJOqH npH UbOM}' HiqH€I npHCfTHOCTi, 60 BOHH 30BciM Qboro He copoMJUIThCSI.

3 QHMH APY>KHHaMii no ttep3i a6o no

nopHAKY >KHBYTh· Kom1 3 HMX XTO KYAH ni.n.e, TO O,li,Ha 3 APY>K"" iioro nMJihH}'€. A.JJ.e xoq i MaiOTb BOHH 6araTo APY>KMH, O,li,HaK y HHX 6ysa€ Mano noTOMCTBa. Csoro BO>KAH BOHH 3BY'fb Ma3o, a KOJIH Toil Jl.O HHX np1dl!l.e, TO BOHH nepeA HHM na,ll,aiOTb o6JnlttttHM ,li,O 3eMJii. OctdJihKH >K BOHH He MaJOTb qHM

iforo noqacT}'BaTH if o6!l.apysaTH, TO ,ll,aJOTh MOM}' csoix Hai1rapHiwMx !l.iTei:i.

JJ.o Qhoro MicQH -

CJIOBa XpMCTHaHyca, npyccbKoro EnHcKona.

flpyccbKa 3eMJISI Me>Ky€

i3 CaKCOHChKHM KHSI3iBCTBOM, a i3 3axoAy-

3 lloMopchKOIO 3eMJieJO; ix po3!l.iJISI€ EanTiikbKe, a6o HiMeQhKe, Mope. Ha CXO,ll,i BOHa Ma€ JlHTBy, Ha niB,li,Hi npMJIHra€ )1,0 fiOJibCbKOrO KOpOJiiBCTBa Ta Ma3oseQhKOro KHSI:3iscTsa, Ha niBHO'·l i Ma€ Kop.n.oHH 3 KypliSI:HAChKMM KHH3iBCTBOM Ta IHcpJIHHJl:ChKOIO 3eMJieJO. U:n 3eMJI.H po!l.JOqa if 6araTa Ha 36iJioKsr, AHqHHY, pH6y i sciJI.Heyxy.n.o6y. CnoqaTeyT}'T. oco6JIHBO Ha,ll, piKoiO BiCJIOIO, :>KHJIH cTapi npyccM, KOTpHx 3BaHo yJihMirasaMH a6o YJibMirepaMH, ane XponiJ(p Ct.6acmi.R.Ha ~paiU(fl

llOTiM !l.O HMX npH€)1.HaJIHC.SI CKaH,li,MHaBM, :>KOpCTOKi JIIO)I.M, aJiaHM, aMOKC06H, reTH i rOTH, .SIK npo Qe rpyHTOBHO CBi)l.tiHTb ilTOJieMeM, 3 HKMM noro-

Ce6acmi-R/H iPpmf:K, SI:KHH TaK nHIIIe B HiMeQhKiii xpoHiQi, ~o sci

,lJ,)K}'€TbC.SI i •

•

QI JIIO,li,H, 3 €)1.HaBIIIMCSI:, CTaJIH O,lJ,HHM Hapo.n:oM, KOTpHH 3BaJIH YJibMirepa!!TpWI(u MH, ii >KHJIH npH BiCJii. PaHiiiie ue 6}'B SI:3HqHHQbKHM Hapo.n:, i s Ti ,lJ,aBHi ttacH npycciiJBiH llOKJIOH.SIBCSI CaTaHi Ta 3JIHM !l.yXaM a:>K .UO naHysaHHSI iMnepaTopa JI}U'lltUIQJ <l>pi!l.pixa Jlpyroro, Ha 6aiKaHHSI i 3 ,U.03BOJIY SIKOro Ma30BeQbKMH KH.SI3b KoHpa,ll, npuHic .n:o Ilpyccii HiMeQbKY Mosy i3 xpecTOHOCQ.HMM, KoTpHx neJll(npycci6 pe.n THM 3BaJIH naynepiaHaMM a6o MapiaHaMM, pa30M 3 xpHCTH.SIHCbKOIO na6epH!JflU sipo10. A ue .n:iSIJJOC.H 1216 poey. Ilpo QeM Op,u.eH a6o iioro nottaTKM 6y.n.e ()o zyucmu· JIHCbi(!Ji IJipu cKa3aHo HM:>Kt.Ie. AxTo xotte 6iJibwe 3HaTH, Hexai1 ttHTa€ xpoHieyEnMcKonis

Ta Ce6acTiSI:Ha paHKa, KHHry 50 y qacTHHi .u.pyriii onHcy csiry. U:i xpecToHOCQi

(c. 4) BMHMI.J..'(HJIM .H3M'liHHQbKY sipy, npH6opKaJIH ixHi [npyccis-

SI3MttHI1KiB] 3yxBaJibCTBa, O,U.HaK i CaMi CTaJII1 MaJIO He ripun1MM i iKOpCTO!!Tpyccu npueihulni KiWHMH soporaMH csolx naHiB i ,ll,o6po,u.iis, KOTpHM MaJIH KopHTMC.H . .AJie ()o !!Tollb~i focno,u.h Eor, He JII06JI.sJl:.m ixHix XHTpoll.'(iB Ta 3pa,u.H, 3BOJIHB lx BMHMI.J..'(MTM. A Tenep Q.H 3eMJI.H 3'€,nHaHa 3 KopoHoiO floJihCbKOIO i Ma€ o,u.HaKosi BOJihHOcTi 3 noJibCbKHM p11uapcTBOM, I.J..'(O 6yJio scTaHOBJieHo CHri3M}'H.UOM fleplliHM, npo I.J..'(O 6y.n.e HHil<'lle y TpeTiM t.IaCTMHi Qi€1 KHMrH. MeiiiKaHQi uiEI 3eMJii, OTi cTapi npyccu, 6y1111 npocTHMH JIIO,U.bMH, ,lJ,HPolomo6o -

KMMM y CBO€Mf .SI3Ht.IHHU:TBi, O,l(HaK MHJIOCep,li,HHMI1 ii lllaH06JJMBHMH lJ.O npH6yJibUiB. Haiinepllle MicTo y csolti 3eMJii BOHH 3acHysanH ni!l. Ha3BOIO PaM-

nepuu .Micmo 6 9Tpyccii HOBO, T06To HoBHM PMM. BoHM 6yJIH MaM)Ke o.n.Horo po,u.y 3 JIMTBOIO i TiJibKH qepe3 't!Y>KHM Hapo,lJ, 3MiHHJIH Mosy. Cnoix 6oris a6o >K OTHX .H3H'tlHHU:bKHX

i.n.o11is, KOTpHx rnaHyBaJIH i XBaJIHJIH, 3BaJIH PoMose, Ha'tle6To Ha naM'SITb npo caMHX ce6e, ocKiJibKH )f( BOHH 6ynH np116yJJbQHMH 3 PHMy. Ou:e MiCTO PoMHOBO, a6o PoMaHoso, 6yJio HaiineplliOIO CTOJJHQeiO flpyccbKoi 3e.MJii ruK ,lJ,O npHi3AY xpecTOHOC~is. OoTiM BOHO 6y11o 3pyi1HosaHe nOJibCbKMM KopoJieM EoJiecnanoM Xopo6p11M 1017 poKy. Tenep TaM MicTe~Ko ni,lJ, Ha3BOIO feTJiireH6aMJib (Hethligenbeil), T06To casiTa coKHpKa.

442

KI-IHrA IV

DPO CTAPO,UABH€ I,ll_OJIODOKJlOHCTBO DPYCCAKIB P OKY Eo)f(OfO 503 YJihMirep11, a6o oTi CTapi npyccaKU, 6y,ny\.JH H3lft-IHIIKaMH, 06pa.n11 C06i cnepwy €)J.JIHO BJ1ClJI.IU1M naHOM flKOfOCb npy,-eHa. Ueii c r aHHBC.SI .no HHX .n~e npH.S13HO, BJiaUJTony. . . . ... .. Ban AJlfl HHX DeJllfl(l )'YTll , I 3aR,U51KI1 l~b OMY niH npH3BlU )l.O IX llOI-ieBOlleHH511 'EpyrrttH!:JC, CTaB lXHiM KOpoJieM. Bi.n. ~horo Dp)'TeHa ,ne.SIKi BHBO}.J..SITb Ha3oy npycchKOI npyccl>l(!lii l(ppOIIb 3eM.ni. Ueii )f(e np)'TeH)'C (Prutcnus), a6o, 51K i1oro iHtui 3BYTb,l3py,-eH)'C. KOJ111 yKpim1BCfl .D.06pe Ha npeCTOJii i"t .D.iiiJIJOB ,l\0 nOXHJlOfO BiKY, B)f(C He XOTiB Hi '-I Oro iHUIOfO p06I1TJ1, TiJihKH CllOKiilHO ,nOYeKaTJ.iCfl tdHQ.SI CBOfO )I{WfT.H; BiH noca,nHB Ha cno€ MicQe pi.n.Horo 6paTa BeHeJJ.yTa (Weneduta), a caM eTas n aTpiapxoM, i i1oro noYa.J1113BaTif Kipi Kipieiho (Kirie Kirieito), T06To: Ham n aH € Hai1nepwHM nicn.R 6orin. Ycynepeq i1oro noni MH He MO)f(eMo Hana-

Xipi XjpieuTTW nepuwii naH nir.Jul 6ozi6

)f(MTHC.R Hi'Ioro po3no\.JaTI1, 6o niH - cpopryHa i macni HaUIMX 6orin. "4epe3 l.(e Mn see MYCHMO 'IHHHTii no i1oro BOJii. UHM iMeHeM CTaJIH n o Ti M Ha3MnaTw scix, xTo noci.n;as npecTOJI. 3 nm~moM qacy npocTi JIIO.ZJ;I1 CTaJIH anaTH cnoix Ha:Hsm.~Mx >KepQiB Kp11ne Kp:wne:HTo (Krywe Kryweito), T06To: Haw naH 6JIH3bKO; i TaK maH}'BaJIM Qhoro Kp11ne Kp11neiho, IUO I I (c. 5) sci CJIYXaJIM MOfO HaKa3iB. BpewTi, KOJIM niH Yepe3 CBOfO CJiyry n OCHJiaB CBiM 3HaK ll£apu a6o cnii1 nocox, TO npycc11 To.u.i 6yJIH roTosi Ha see. Bsa>KaJIH, IUO KO>KHa CI'TUlp~ .n;ywa noMepJioi JIIOAHHM MaJia HTM nOB3 :Horo 6y.U.MHOK i RKMMMCb 3HaKaMM npycd8 oaHa'IaJia cnii1 IllJIRX. ToMY .no Hboro npHXO)I.MJIM HaBiTb 3 .z:r.aneKHX Kpain, nMTaiO'IH npo noMepnoro, SIKII.(O noMepJIHH noKa3ynancsr :HoMy; Qe:H >Ke Kp11ne KpHse:HTo, He 6a'IMBillH noMepJioro 3a >KHTTR, .n.eTaJibHO on11cysan uoro 30BHimHicTb, s6paHHSI i 3nM'Iai; QMM niH 3.z:r.o6ys co6i cepe.z:r. ycix neJIMKY cnany. HoMY si,T.JAaBaJIH3aB)I{)I.M TpeTIO qacTHHY Tpocpein i 3JJ.06Hqi, KOJH1 npu6ysan11 3 sii1HM. Ocb TaKa MiU:h )J,HSIBOJibCbKa i JIIOJJ.CbKa CJiinoTa, IUO !llpoijU HOMY nipMJIM RK Haiinpan.z:r.Hnimi:H pe'l.Ii, oco6JIMBO To.z:r.i, KOJIM noHM me He npycct.l(pzo .RJU'lHUijm6a MaJIM cniTJia Eo>Koro cnosa, KOJIM BOHM 3aMiCTb Tnopu:R noKJIOH.HJIMOI TBopiHHSIM Horo, npHqoMy He TiJihKM TMM, ll{O 6yJIM Ha He6i, RK-OT: coHu:e, MiC.HUb, 3ipKM, a i1 Mep3eHHOM}' ra.n.y, 3MisrM i >Ka6aM. HatiBMll{OM)' >KepQIO j CBOiM 6oraM BOHM no6y.lcyBaJIM B O)I.HOM)' 6y~MHKY i xpaM, i >KMTJIO; no6yA)'BaJII1 MOfO .lcy)Ke rapHO i KOIIITOBHO ni.n; BeJIHKHM .z:r.y6oM i Ha3BaJII1 u;ei16y)UIHOK f OMOBe Ha qeCTb TOfO, ll{O, RK Sl n)Ke CKaaan, BOHM 6yJIM npH6yJibi.J;SIMH 3 PMMY· Bci pilll)"le 36}'liTYBaJIMCR i noKJIMMC.H, ll{O ue 6y,lJ,}'Tb ni.u.n.aHMMM i nmdpHMMM )KO)J.HiH JIIO)J,MHi, 3a BMHSITKOM CaMOfO CBOfO KHH3SI KipseMKipBeUTa (Kirweikirweitowi); a TaKO)K y TOM)', IUO BOHM He 6y.ll.yrb MaTH iHmMX 6oriB, KpiM TpbOX CBOiX: llaTOJIJia (Patolla), naTpiMna (Patrimpa) i llepK}'Ha (Perkuna), OU:MX TpbOX o6ii.J;RJIH IIIaHyBaTM, llOKJIOHSITMCSI iM i npMHOCMTM iM >KepTBy. Qei1 BeJIMKMH, TOBCTMM i >KaXJIMBHH .ll.y6, )J,e caTaHa MaB CBOi 6peXJIMBi BMra)I,KH Ta cnoix i~OJiiB, OQi H3J1qHJ1KM BBaJICaJIM CBJITHM, a )1,0 TOfO )I{ qepe3 "'OpTiBCbKY cnpany BiH 3aB)K,nH 3eJieHiB, i B3HMK}' 1 i BJiiTK}', a tforo KpOHa 6yna HM3BH"'aHHO BeJIMKa; 6ys BiH 6yifHHH, KOpeHHCTHf.i, WHpoKHH, CTiHKHH i He ytiiKO~>KeHMit auiTpoxH, MaB TaKe rycTe ri.JJJIH i JIHCTH, 11.{0 Hi.SIKHH ,l(Oll{ qu CHir He Mir npo6MTHCJI Kpi3b HHX. EiJisr ~boro MiCI.J;SI 6yna

443

KHMrA IV 3aB>K,ZJ;M Jcy~Ke rapHa lliOBI<OBa aasica 3aBP,OB)KKH siciM Jiii<TiB i CTiJibiCM >K 3aBlliHpWI<M. )l(o,neH He Mir ysii1Tu .no ~horo >KHTJia, xi6a mo caM KipsewKipseuTo Ta Haus.Hw;i seH:,nenoTu (weydelotom), To6To no-HamoMy xpaMosi CJiyrH, a6o siTpieycH. Konu >K xTo npuw.u.e nomaHysaTH 6oris i noKJIOHHTHCR lM, npHHeCTH >KepTBM, TO.ZJ.i Qi BeH)J.eJIOTM Bi)J.XHJI$1JIH aasicy, w;o6 MO)KHa 6yno no6aqHTM QHX i,nonis. !!Ttpi\JPUIC Qe:H .u.y6 6ys no.n.ineHHM Ha Tpu qacTI1HH. B o.n.Hiii qacTHHi a npasoro 6oey npyccH a6epiranu CBOrO 6ora, RKOfO 3BaJIH llepeyHaC, T06TO no-HaUIOMY llepfH. Ha iioro qecTb nocTiiiHo nanano 6araTTH s,neHh i BHO'Ii, i TaK CaMO HI< i IXHi cyci)J.H, JIHTBa i )KMY)J.b, BOHH flaJIHJIH .n.y6ose .u.epeso. )Ln$1 ~bOrO npH3Ha'laJIHCH BeH)J.eJIOTH, T06TO BiTpiKycH, HaifcB$1TiWHM 0608 $137

I<OM $1KHX 6yno nuJibH}'BaTM, 11(06 Qe:ii CB$1THif soroHb HiKOJIH He 3rac. A $1K6u qepea $1I<fCb Heo6epemHiCTb

(c. 6) sorHHil{e 6 araCJio, TO siTpiK)'c

p03llJiaqysaBCjl 3a u.e CBOIM )I(HTT$1M, npo 1..1..{0 MH B>Ke llHCaJIH y .ZI.pyriii KHH3i B onHci JIHTBH. A 3 Qboro 3HaTu, mo $13H'IHHKH He xoTiJIH csoiM 6oraM HanemHo si.n.n:asaTH MOJIHTBH. HaM me 3 Qboro HayKa, ll.\06 MH He cTaBHJIHCSI noc

JiiHHBO .ZI.O Ba)KJIHBHX rocno,nHix cnpas . .ll:pyry qacTIUI}' Taro .u.y6a TPHMaB ji3H'IHHQbKHH 6or TiaTPHMOOC, T06TO 6or pi)J.HHX. JlaTHHU.i OTHX pop,HHHHX 6oris 3BfTb 6oz ne1W,mi6 (Dij penates). Qei1 i.u.on CKH,naBCjl Ha Mi.n.Horo 3Mi$1, w;o y3.ZJ.OB)K 3BHBa€TbC$1. qepe3 Qe KO)KeH MicQeBMH o6usaTeJib, HK y JIHTBi i )I(M}'.u.i, .u.epmas y ce6e )KHBoro 3MiSI i ro.u.ysas if oro MOJIOKOM. Ha TpeTbOM}' po3i QbOfO .ZJ.y6a CTO.HB TpeTiH i.ZI.OJI )J.HRBOJibCbKHH, KOTporo 3BaJIH llaTeJIJIO. Ha :Horo qecTb KomeH TPHMaB y.u.oMa ronosy noMepnoi JIIO.U.HHH. He .u.ocHTb 6yJio npyccaM THX Tphox i.n.onis, TOM}', Mano iM .n.osipjiJOqH, 3p06HJIH ll(e H iHUIHX. QHM iHlllHM i)J.OJiaM BOHH Bi.ZJ..n.aBaJIH llOWaHf SIK 6oraM i BCIO.ZJ.H, .u.e pocJIH .u.y6n, a6o a .u.y6os11x ra.Hx, npHHOCHJIH iM )KepTBH. QqeBH)J.HO, 11{0 npyccH CKiJihKH MaJIH peqeii, CTiJibKH )I( MaJIH 6oriB Ta o6opOHQiB. Ma.nn BOHH me Tpbox 6oris: o.u.Horo 3BaJIH no-cBO€Mf Bypwaiho (Wurschaito), i Qe Hi6HTO 6ys 6or pyxoMHX peqeif, .s~Koro BOHH .ZJ.y)Ke waHy-

'll!PUJit6pamo

BaJIH, si.ZJ..n.aBaJIH HOM}' B oniey KOHeH, BOJiiB, KOpis, OBe~h, Ki3, CBHHeif Ta iHmy xy.no6y. ):(pyroro 3BaJIH ll1Hai16paTo (Schneibrato), i1oro BB~aJIH Hai1-

roJIOBHiliiHM Ha.ZJ. ryc.s~MH, KYPMH, KaqKaMH, nasaMH, roJiy6aMH i1 iHlllHM !Typ~o p,oMalliHiM nTaCTBOM. TpeTboro m 3BaJIH fypxo (Hurchem), i siH 6ys rononHMM Ha)J. npup,aTHHMH ,ll.JI$1 imi peqaMH, T06TO Ha)J. 36i)I()I($1M i BciM llOJKHBHI1M P.JI$1 JIIOP.ei1. Tipo iHllle Mep3eHHe ip,oJionoKJIOHCTBO i He Jra.u.yro. PaHillle u.ei1 JIIO,ll. 6ys TeMHHU, 6pH.lJ.KHH, He 3H3B (HaJie)I(HHX] 3BH'IaiB i 6ys reTb HenHCbMeHHHH . .lJ:JIH HHX 6yno HeHMOBipHHM, KOJIH 6 XTO CKa3aB, ll.'(O JIIO-

.ZI.HHa JIIO.ZI.HHl MOme BlP,KpHTH CBO€ cepl..\e 1 BOJIIO 3aB,ll.$1KH JIHCry nanepy. lxHii1 Hanii1- Qe so.u.a, po3se.u.eHa csi)KHM Me.ZI.OM, Ta K06I1JI.H'Ie MOJIOKO. O.u.HaK BOHH 6ynu .n.y)Ke JII06'..H3Hi i me.u.pi .u.o npu6yJibQiB i qymux JIIO.ZJ.eii, BHc60EIO Ka3yBaJIH IM BeJIHKY qecTb, 'tJHHHJIH ,ll.JIH HHX 6araTO .u.o6poro, HacKiJibKH npupo~oiO 6yJIH CnpOMQ)I(Hi. !Tfpyccu

UJ£iJpi JO

Y cnoi:H xpoHil..\i MapQiH MypuHiii (Muryniusz) poanosi,na€ i npo iHini ixHi SI3H'IHHQhKi CBjiTa i 3a6o6oHu, a MH, Te)l< KopoTeHbKO TYT 3i6paBIIIH, llO,ll.a€MO 3ai..\1KaBJieHHM.

444

KHMrA IV

llPO CB.HTA TIPYCCIB-R3I1t.IHI1KIB I llPO IHllll IXHI 3AEOEOHH CTapi npyccM-JI3H'HIHKH ni)l.JHal.JaJIH CBSITO llamnha (Paschuita)- 6ora a60 IllBM)l.Ille ,lJ.MJIBOJia, SIKMH )KHB, SIK BOHH BB(l)KaJIH, I I (c. 7) ni.n. Ky~eM 6yJMHH, 6o Qe .n.epeso 6yno y HHX y neJIHKii1 nornaHi. TaKO)K rnaH}'BaJIH napcyYKu {parstuki) SIK i:ioro nHrOJI.RT. I 3a3nw1ai1 snaw TosynaJIH Ha iioro q ecTh neqepro B ryMHax. A 3,nii1 cHHBillH 51311'-IHHQhKi uepeMoHii i 3al.JMHHBillH Ja co6oro ,l(Bepi, 3a..TIHillaJIH iM u.ei:i xapq, a Ti napcryKH Hi6MTO Ma.rru Qe oniBHOt.~i J'i.n,aTH. Ha .l(pyrm1.n.eHh JI3Ht.IHHKH )l.HBHJIHCH, SIKOI CTpaBH 3HitlKJIO Hai16iJihWe, i BBa)KaJIH, ~0 CaMe Ha Hei 6y.l(e spo.>KaJi. U:e"H 3BH"'ai1 me iHOll.i TpanJIHETbCJI n KypnSIH.l(ii, ImpnSIH,l(il, CaM6ii1chKiii a6o Cy.n:anchKiii JeMJii, HaBiTb i 3a TopyHeM, mo HaH,l(MBOBH)KHiwe, u.e"H 3BM"'aii me He Ja6YTMi1; i 6iJIJI Xoi1HiKiB, KaMeHJI, CeMneJih6opKa l..{boro 6y3HHOnoro .l(epena ,l(y)Ke TPHMaJOTbC.H i Jan emHI JOTh, mo ni.n: HHM )KHB}'Th SIKicb ,l(HBHi 3eMHi <f>aHTaCTUl.JHi iCTOTH. ix 3B}'Th KpaCHO.JIIO.lJ:KaMH fHOMaMH i Ka)KyTb, ~0 BOHH BHOl.Ji, KO.JIH CBiTHTb MiC.HI..{b, OOKa3yJOTbCJI

J/.1(_ Ulillt!J• £mbCJl .RJU'lHUI(_aMU 6yJUHQ

I HUili

IJ iJeJZIQl:t )tiCWl:{

6y6a10mr, .RJU'lHU~jbl(j ~jepeM.cnii

.JIIO,l(SIM, OC06.JII1BO XBOpHM. llpo HHX Ka)Kyrh , 1.11,0 BOHH 3pOCTOM He BHID.i .JiiKTSI, TaKO)K i Te, 1.11,0 BOHH y HeB,l(Sit.IHHX .JIJO,l(eH 3a6Hpa11H 36i>K)KJI3 ryMeH i HOCH.JIH THM , KOTpi TOrO XOTi.JIH. HanpHKiHQi )KOBTHJI BOHH Bi.l(.n:aJOTb "'eCTb 6ory 3eMHHKY (Ziemnikowi), CXO.lJ:JI't{H B rypT, JIK i HHHi me ):{eXTO, BHKOHYIOl.JH QepeMOHii ):{aBHiX SIJH't{HHKiB. H TYT CTHC.JIO CKaJKY npo HHX, 11\06 't{HTaq no6a't{HB, HacKiJihKH noraHHMH € CTapi 3BH't{KH. 3i6paBIDH .lJ:O ryMeH 36i)I(.)I(SI, )KHTe.Jii Ki.JibKOX ciJI cxoMTbC.H Ha cB.HTO. KonM )K 3iii~bcst rocno.n:api 3 .n:py)KMHaMM, ):{iTbMH i c..n:yraMH, TO JaCTeJIIOIOTb CTiJI ciHOM, a ):{pyrnii nOKpliiOTb y6pycoM, noK.Jia.li:}'Th X.Jii6a i nocTaBJISITb l.JOTHpn KYXJii nHBa. lloTiM npnso,nstTb Te.JISI ii Te.JIH't{KY, 6apaHa i BiBQIO, K03.Jia MK03Y i 3 KO)KHOfO po.n:y ,l(OMamHiX TBapHH caMI..{SI ii caMHU.IO, TaK caMo i 3 nTaxia. TaM ixHiii KCbOH):{3-'11apiaHHK, npoCTHH ceJISIHHH, npOMOBHBlliH CBOi 6aMKH, B,napR€ KH€M KOfOCb iJ QHX TBapHH, a fiOTiM Bci 6'10Tb KHSIMH, o<}>ipyiO'IH IX 3eMHHKY, CBO€MY .li:HSIBOJIY, .li:SIKYJO'IIH iioMY 3a Te, 11\0 BiH 36epir ix Bit( ychoro 3.Jioro. 3 Qiei )KepTBH roTYJOTb CTPaBH, a nepm Hi)K CJI.zcyTb 3a cTiJI i nO'IIH}'Tb icTH, no acix KpKax po3Ku.n:ae ix Bill{}'H HK )KepTBY caoeMY 3eMHHRf. BoHR i.n:SITb i n'IOTb, Tpy6.JISI'IIH a .n:osri Tpy6n, .n:oKH He an'IOTbCH. Y KypJISIH.Zdi i B IH<}>.JISIH.z.ii me .z:t.ocHTb U.bOfO 6a.naMyrCTBa; y npyccii )K, B CaM6ii Ta fiiJig IHCTeM6opra, ParHeTH iT. )1.. BOHH MaiOTb CBO€ CBSITO, KOTpe 3BfTb lleprpy()i (Pergrubi). 3i6paBWI1Cb iJ KiJibKOX ci.JI, BOHli 3CHfiaiOTb COJIO.ll: Ha fiHBO, H.zcyTb )1.0 SIKO· fOCb BeJIHKOfO ,lJ.OMf, TaM ix BypWaJibT (wurschalt}, qapiBHHK, B3SIBWH BeJIHKJ.ii:i rapHeQb n~fBa, fi~HOCHTb ,lJ.OrOpH i MOJIHTbCSI JJ.O 6ora fleprpy6iyca, Ka)K)"'H: Wepspocie Dewe Musu Pergrubios)) iT• .n:., T06TO «0, sceMOryTHiii

.,.o

6o)Ke Haw neprpy6iyc iT• .z:t.• .nSIKYEMo, ~o, ai;drHaBwH 3HMY, nosepTaew HaM JliTO, i npocHMO, 11.\06 ,n.aB HaM BpO)Kat\HHti piK». iloTiM fiepe 3y6aMH KOHOBKf 3 fiHBOM, a BHfiHBWH fiHBO, KHJJ,ae KOHOBK}' '1epe3 cefie, He TOpKaIO'IJHCb ii pfKaMH. C-rapwHH >Ke I I (c. 8) tthoro cena axonHTb iii, HKHai%WBHJJ,me Ha.JIHBWH DHBa, CTaBHTb Ha CTi1I. B3SIBWH >K J<yxOJib, BypWaJibT

445

1kptpy6iyc, ~it

6ot

KHHrA IV npOCiiTb IlepK}'Haca. a6o nepyHa, mo6 TOM Bi.n;nepH}'B rpoMH, rpa.z:t iT. JJ. •• TaKO>K B3SIBIUH B 3}'611 KyxOJib llMBa, n'e Ha MOfO 1.1eCTb. lloTiM nci n'IOTb j

'Eoz '1116aiirnul(; 'Eoz !1Tvu,6irn 'Eoz

TaK 'liHHHTb 'leCTb, n'IO'"IH no K}'XJIIO nl•IBa, lllBaMTMKC}' (Swaytyxowi), 6ory cniTJia, aa.zvm noro.nH, IliJihsiry (Pilwitowi) -mo6 ai6paTu .no6pai1 npo)KaH 36i>tOKH, Ta iHIUHM 6oraM, 60 IX MaiOTb 15, KO>KHOfO pa3}' 6epy1.111 no K}'XJIJO llHBa B 3}'6H. A CeJISIHH llOTiM 3a HHMM, BI1JO'lll1 1 Hi6H BOBKH, cniBaiOTb H~

JilyUIJI.Jl6iyc

ixmo qecTh nicHi. AHK~o 6y.n;e noraHHM npo)KaM, TO Qe npnnHC}'JOTb cnoiM n'.RmHa· rpixaM. MoJISITb, O)J.HaK, AywJinniyca (Auschlawiusza), 6ora xnop11x i He~mr. 6oziG Mi'IHHX, mo6 non poena npo MHJiiCTb )J.JIH HHX cnoix 6orin. TaM .IKe B 3y.n;aCa.4l6ii1ct.J(j BeHi, CaMJIHHJJ.i cennHH xo.n;nTh, Hi6H KOJI.SI.l{}'IO"--H, paa Ha piK 36wpaTH

tJJcwzo

~pe.Monii

xtpmGo· rpomi, XJii6 Ta iHwi pe'li, mo noTiM npo.n;aiOTb. A aa ui rporui Koana a6o npuHOtueiUUI

1(9Jlli6

6HKa, a .SIK~O rpomeii BHCTal..la€, TO H o6ox K}'ll}'IOTb. lloTiM lXHiH nin (wurschaitos), B3SJBlllH niHeQb Ha roJiony, KJI~e pyKy Ha Koana a6o Ha 6HKa i npOCHTb BH~eara)J.aHHX 6oriB, ~06 BOHI1 B,l{.SI"--HO npHHHSIJIH Bi,[( HbOfO QIO *epTny. B3HBlllM K03Jia "-111 6HKa aa por11, ne.n;}'Tb :Horo .no ryMHa; nci ceJISJHH ni.n;HiMaiOTh :Horo .noropH, a nin-nypmaJibT, nepeno.SicanmHCb PYIIIHHKOM, n.npyre npHKJIHK}'€ ncix 6orin, Ka.IK}''1M: «Ue € .IKepTna, ri.nHa xnanH, 3anoni.n;aHa HalliHMH 6aTbKaMH, ~06 MH BTHIIIHJIH fHiB CBOIX 6oriB». IlOTiM BiH 06. . . XOJJ.MTh .n;onKoJia TPH'11, IIIenO'li}''1H, ,nOKH Qboro K03Jia He aapt.IK}'Tb 1 He npoJIJIIOTb Kpon Ha 3eMJIIO Ta He Hau;i,ASJTb li y SJK}'Cb <J>JI.H)KKy. Hero noTiM B}'piiiaJibT OKpOllJIIO€ JIIO,l{eM, a pemry KO)I(eH 3 HMX 6epe noTpOXI1 .l{O)J.OM}' B ropH.HTKy. L(HM BOHH OKpOrrJIIOIOTb xy,no6y, TaK .HK }'HaC 3BH'llaHHO CBH· 'lleHoiO BO.l(OIO. Uboro 611Ka a6o K03Jia, nopy6anmH Ha wMaTKH, nap.HTb, aceJI.HHCTBO, CH,l{.H'I.JH 6iJI.H BeJIHKOfO BOfHHII.\a, BH€, ,[(M}''I.JH }' .nepeB' SIHi Tpy6w. )K.iHKH ixHi npHHOCHTb iM Henet.JeHi nJISJI..\KH. BoHH, B3SIBlliH IX no lliT)'lli, nxaiOTb qepe3 BOfOHb O)J.He O.l{HOM}' .l{OTH, .l(OKI1 Ti He CITet.I}'TbC.H. IloTiM ix iJJ.nTb i n'IOTh, DHIO"lH i xo,A.H'111 npoT.nroM uiJioi Hoqi. PaHKOM pewTKH 1..\i€1 Be'lepi BHHOCSITb Ha nepexpeCTSI .nopir i 3aKonyiOTb fJIH60KO B 3eMJIIO, ll.\06 aHi nee, aHi .HKHHCb iHWHH 3Bip He aMir IX .n;icTaTH, a noTiM po3XO)J..HTbCSJ. Tyr .H 3aKiHqyiO on11c u11x aa6o6oHiB i nponyci<aiO ,ny)l(e 6araTo iHlllHX 6aJiaM}'TCTB, qyrot.JI1 npo .HKi, no6mKHMH "-111Ta"-- M}'CHTb no.n;Mnynantcn ixHbOMY 3aCJiinJieHHIO i .li.SIK}'BaTH rocno.n.y Eory 3 THMH, KOTPHX BiH BHpBaB 3 TaKOIBeJIHKOITeMp.HBH.

ITPO ITOXOPOH CTAPI1X ITPYCCIB I HI1HIIIIHIX, KOTPI 3AJ111lliHJII1C.H I I (c. 9) Onucu cmapul( npycciiJ npo cyi>Huii iJenb

9Tpyccbl\i !jtpe.lotOHii l(fJJIO noMep· JIOZO

Ilpo BOCKpeCiHHH B cyJl.Hl1ll,AeHb CTapi rrpycc11 3HaJII1, ane 3HaJIH noraHo, 6o nna)l(aJIH, l.l\O JIIO,[(HHa 6y,ne i no CMepTi Ha TOM}' )I( MiC[(i, Ha .HKOM}' BOHa 6yJia 3a 3CMHOf0 )I(J.1TT.H: .HKlli.O BOHa 6yJia lllJI.HXTHt.IeM 1.111 ceJI.HHHHOM, 6araTOIO t.JH n6ororo, neJibMO)KelO "-111 npoCTHM naXOJIKOM, TO TaKOIO BOHa MaJJa 6yr11 i no BOCKpeciHHi. TOM}' BOHM 3 TIOMepJI11MH KH.H3HMH, naHaMM i lllJI.HXTI1t:{aMH CilaJIIOBaJll1 CJiyr, CllY)KHHI..\b, OJJ..Hf, KJICHHO,U.l1, KOHeH, XOpTiB, OrHpiB, COKOJiiB, JI)'K i3 carai\lJ,aKOM, ma6mo, COHC, 36poiO Ta iHWi peqi, KOTpi JII06nn nOKii1HI1H 3a 3CMHOI'O )KIITT.fl; 3 pe-

446

KHllr A IV MiCHIIIGtMII K.JiaJJH lxHi 3Hap.HJVl.>I, To6To Ti, KOTpHMII uoKii1Huii 3a >f<J-ITnl 3apo6.!I.HB Ha XJii6. BOHI1 Bip11JII1, 11~0 3 HIIMI1 pe4aMII HOKirmi MaJlll BOCKpecH)'TH i B.iKI1BaTI1 L\IIX pet.IeH Ha TOM)' CBiTi Tal< Cal\10, ~K i Ha l(hOM)'· Tai< CaMo "'HHnJia

r1 mnBa, npo mo MH mKe n11ca.JJH y .n.pyriJIKHH3i; pa3oM 3 noMep-

JIHMH som1 cna.JJJOBaJIH pHOP-Ii a6o ne;~Me.>Ki KirTi, 6o aipHJIM, u~o IM .n.oue.li.CTbC.H .nepTIIC~ Ha BCJI11K)'

T~.iKK)' ropy B C)')l.HHI1 )l.eHb, a L(CH ,l.J.eHI> MaB

)'l.JIIHHTH .HKifiiCh BceMOryTHiH oor Ha,l.\ BCiM CBiTOM, ~K BOHH npo UC .li.)'MaJlll.

TOM)', 111.06 Jienue i 6e3HCl.JHillle 3aJJi3TH Ha L(IO ropy, BOHH 1-Ia,l.J.)'MaJIH

noMaraTn co6i pHC.SJ4UMIIKirT.HMl1. TaKHH 3lll1t.JaJ1 Ma.JJI1, ~K 6y110 cKa3aHo,

ii iHmi: Jll1Tl3a, CTapi npyccn i )I<M)')l.b, 60 BOHH 6ym,1 O)l.HOrO HapOI.()', Tai<O.iK MaJIH 0.1.\Hi 3BUl.Jai Ta Ha60>KCHCTBa, .SJK B.llOMa, TaK j Ha BiHHi, TiJibi<H 3 YaCOM nopi3Hl1JIHC.R MOBOIO. B Kypn.HH.D.il w.e E CJii.D.H L(bOro noxopoHy, aJie pi3Hi, 60 Tenep, niCJIJJ. U.HX HC.U.aBI·IiX iHcj:>JIJJ.H)l.CbKHX Ta MOCKOBCbKHX BiHH, BOHH nepei1HSIJIH .n.ew.o Ji 3BH'ia'ia ni.n. noJISIKiB. O.n.HaK KOJJH xTo noYynaE ce6e np11 CMepTi, TO JanpornyE npHSITeJiiB i cyci.n.ia Ha 6o'-IK)' "'H .n.si n11na, nepenpomyE lx i npomaETbC.H 3 HHMH. BoHH JK noMepJioro .n.o6pe o6MI110Tb )' Jia3Hi, B,l.J.JJ.rH}'Tb }' MOTJIOX

(?] i ca.z:r.JKaiOTb Ha npeCTOJii; n'IOTb i3 CHJibHHM

nJia'iCM, KaJK)''iH ,l.J.O HI>Oro: «JI n'10 .lJ.O Te6e, MHJIHH npHSITCJIIO, "10M)' JK TH noMep, MaiO"'H MHJIY .n.pyJKHH)', .n,iTOYOK, xy.n;o6y iT .

.n.. i1 .n.oc-ra.TOK y BCbOM)'?»

Ha .u.o6paHi"' noTiM n'IOTb i s.npyre .no Hboro npoc.SJ:Tb, x..qo6 Ha TOMY csiTi BiH npHBiTaB IXHiX .ll.p)'3iB i 3 HHMH .iKHB no-cyci)l.CI>KH. floTiM B,ll;SiraiOTb noKiHHHKa s maTM, .HK~..qo .iK ue 'iOJIOBiK, To orroSicyJOTb i1oro KopoTKMM Me"' eM a6o coK11po10, KOJIO lliMI KJia,ll;)'Th PYlllHMK, y .RKMH ys' SI3YIOTb KiJibKa rpowis, TaKoJK KJia.n.)'Th y TPYHY 3 HMM XJii6 i ciJib Ha cTpasy, ,n;36aH n11sa. KoJIH

xosaiOTb JKiHKy, TO KJia)l.YTb 1.11 .n.o TPYHH HHTKH i1 roJIKH, x..qo6 soHa

x..qocb, KOJJH ~o Ha TOMY csiTi BM.iKe6paE, nornHJia co6i. Kom1 noKiHHHKa noKJia.n.)'Th 11.0 TP)'HH, TO npM.RTeJJi lflJ.)'Tb npou;eciEIO, a Ho.iKaMM MaxaJOqM

(szennuj(!.c) )l.oropH, BOJiaJOTh: «fei:froi:f, 6erei1Te, noTKOJie (Geigoi, Begeire, Potkole)», T06To: «TiKai:fTe reTb, BTiKaii'Te, YopTM, si.n; TiJia». B lH<J>JI.R:Hll.cbKii1 3CMJii if nOHHHi aa ConKOBOJO MH30IO ni)l. qac noxopoHy noMepJIMX Tpy6n.HTb y Tpy6H, cnisaiO'LJM: «HlJ.M, 6i.n;onaxa, 3 uhoro H)')l(,ll;CHHoro cBiTy

(c. 10) BU pi3HHX yrucKis 11.0 siqHMX seceJiox..qis, .n;e aHi 6)"'HHi:f HiMen;h, aHi MOCKOBHT, aHi XMJK'Hlf JICHUlliC (Leiszys), T06TO llOJI.R:K q11 JIHTBHH, He CKpHB)l..R:Tb Te6e». flaM'SITb llOMepJIHX 6aTbKiB, MaTepiB Ta iHliiMX pO,ll;H'LJiB BOHH Bi~3Ha1.Jai0Tb )' Mic.R:ui JKOBTHi, tJaCOM Ha KOJKHC CB.RTO, JICMCHT}'IO'LJH Ha MOrHJiaX, TO)l.i BOHH cnisaiOTh 3 nJiaqeM i nepepaXOB)'IOTb ~o6po

)l.ilfCTBa noKiHHHKa. KypJI.R:H~ui Ta npycc11 011.pa3y JK ill.)'Tb 3 KOCTbOJIY

.n;o

KOP'LJMM, TaM crrpasJI.R:IOTb TpH3HH, i)l.HTb 6ea HoJKis, 3MtJJIHBi .iK KM~aiOTb WMaTOK Bi,n; KO.iKHOi CTpaBH llOKii:fHHKY ni~ CTiJI, JIJIIOTb T)'lJ.H JK K)'XOJib nHBa. A.Jie .n;ocHTb y.iKe npo n;e.

I HMHi e TaKe lJ.MBHe Ha6oJKeHCTBO B

flpyccii, ll{O qoJIOBiK He ni)l.e B CB.R:TO 11.0 KOCTbOJiy, DOKH cnepmy ~OMa He HaicTbC.R:. 0)l.HaK CTapi 3BJ1qai ~Cll{O 3HHKaiOTb. AJie nosepHiMOC.R: )l.O npycchxoro Kopon.R: Beu)l.esyTa.

447

KHHrA IV

BEH,l(EBYT u

npyCCbKI:fH KOpOJib

PoKy Bi.ZJ. BTiJieHHH CHHa EoJKoro 373, KOJIH JIIO.ZJ.H po3MHOJKHJIHCSI 3 qacoM, a.ne JKHJIH 6e3 BCSIKoro ypS~Ay, BOHH 6paJIH co6i 3eMJii CTiJibKH, CKiJibKH XTO XOTiB i CKiJibKH HOM}' DOA06a.JIOCJI. BpemTi iM CTaJIO TicHo I

(c.

II) y QbOM}' :eyri, 6o TaM, ,ZJ,e HeMae ypH.zzy, TaM

yco6HQi. ToM}' BOHH 6y.1111 3Bi.ZJ.yciJib oTot~eHi aoporaMH i qepe3 Qe CTMH JI.Y· MaTH npo nocTaBJieHHH HaA HMMH KopoJIH Ta ,Ao6poro ypH.AY· TaM Beii,Aeayryc JleTaJIHH (Weydewutus Letalan) nepeBH~HB iHIIIHX cnpaaHicTIO, po3yMOM

i ,AOCTaTKOM i BHrOJIOCHB npOMOBY ,AO 3i6paHHX 6opyciB (boruss6w),

KaJKy1.JM TaKHMH CJIOBaMM: «JlK6H 6opycH He 6yJIH .AypHiiiiMMH Bi,ll, CBOIX 6.AJKiJI, TO JierKO npHDHHHJIM 6 yco6MQi Mi)K BaMH, 60, JIK 6a'IMTe, i 6,li,:>KOJIM MaiOTb KOpOJIJI, KOTporo CJIYXaiOTb, a BiH IXHi cnpaBM p03CY.A)l(}'€, KO:>KHiH 6A)KOJii ,ll,a€ po6ory neBHY, a TPYTHiB HaKa3ye suraHHTM 3 BYJIMKiB, a Qi MMJii 6,ZJ,)KiJIKM ,ZJ,opyt~eHi iM. CnpaaM cTapaHHO BMKOHYJOTb, HK caMi 6at~HTe. TaKHM )Ke 1.JHHOM i BH C06i Bci Te)K DOCTaBTe KOpOJIJI, i Bci 6e3 BMHSITK}' CJIY· xaifTe iforo y BCbOMy; HeXaif )Ke BiH Bci CBapM Mi)K HaMM BTMXOMMpMTb, noKapae 3JIO, o6opoHMTb HeBMHHicTb, a BM HOM}' ,Aai1:Te noBHY BJia.Ay». IToqyBIIIM Qe, npyccH KpHKHYJIH: «To 3BOJib )Ke TH 6YT~ Ha,ll, HaMH 6oifoTepoc (boiotheros)», ~o y ixHiif MOBi 03Hat~ae «KopoJib 6,A)KiJI». TaK Beif,Aesyryc, He norop,li,)KYIO'IM IXHbOIO BOJieiO, CTaB npyccbKMM KOpoJieM i Te, ,AO 'tiOrO 3aKJIMKaB IX, DOCMJiai01.JMCJI Ha npMKJia,A 6,A)KiJI, CTapaHHO 3BepmHB. HacaMnepe.n. yxaanHB iM npaaa, npH3Ha1.JHB neBHi MicQH ,ZJ,JI.st npo:>KHBaHH.sr TMM, XTO IX He MaB, ,AaB 3eMJIIO .lf.JIJI opaHKM 3ri.lf.HO 3 DOTpe6aMM KO:>KHOrO, iHmMx nocTaBHB .AO xy.n.o611, .n.o pH6aJibCTBa i .AO iHwHx cnpaa. TaKoJK HaKa3aB, ~06 )KQ,ll,eH rocno.n.ap 6iJibWe He HaKODM'tlyBaB npM6YTKY, He MaB 1.JeJIR,ll,i, a TiJibKH Te, ~0 DOTpi6HO, Mir MaTM, a 3aHBe npo.n,aB a60 3HIU.QMB, ~o6 He ro.ZJ.yBaB KaJiiK i .ZJ.O 6oro Hero,li,.H~Mx. ,ll.aB iM TaKO)K npaso, ~o CHHY

BiJibHO 3a,ll,flliHTH 6aTbKa 1.JH MaTip, ~0 3iCTapiJIHC.sl i BTpaTHJIH CHJiy, ~06 BOHM .n.apeMHO He iJIM XJii6a. TaKe if HHHi 36epiraeTbC.H B IH.ZJ.ii, B EpaxMaHChKiif 3eMJii. OTaK 6aTbKO if MaTH 1.JHMaJIO .n,iTeif BHro,ZJ,ye, a K}'Da .AiTeif He MOJKe nporo;zysaTM O,AHoro 6aTbKa 1.JH 3rop6JieHY MaTip. TaKOJK HaKa3aB, ~06 KO)KeH MaB O,ZJ,Hf .ZJ.PYIKHHY, ~06 ,li,HKHM Hapo.n. CTaB JliO,li,RHiWHM, BKa-

3aB IM cnoci6 CMTMTH Me.lf., 3aBiB 3BM1.JaH XO,ll,iHH.sl B rOCTi, pi3Hi 6eHKeTH BHra.n.aB i He DOMHJIHBC.sl y QbOMy, 60 DOTiM TaK BOHM 6yJIH 3M'HKllieHi, IJJ;O BiH ix KY.AH xoTiB, 'l}'.lf.H i1 cKeposyaaB. HaKa3aB TaKO)K, ~o6 rocT.stM 6yJia BHRBJieHa HaJie)KHa JIIO.lf.RHiCTb i 1.JeCTb, yxBaJIHB i 6araTO iHWHX peqeu cepe.n. noraHCTBa. liJ;aCJIHBO naHyiO"tJH OTaK npOT.HrOM 6araTbOX poKiB, BiH CKiH1.JHB CBO€ IKMTT.SI, 3aJIMWMBIIIM DO C06i ,li,BaHa).{l~51Tb CHHiB, KOTpMM me 3a )I(HTT51 npH3Ha1.JHB neBHi y,ZJ,iJnr.

(c. 12)

* ,lJ.HB. iJJ.CHTH'·IHHH MaJIIOHOK y KH. I (C. 25 OpHriHaJiy).

KHHrA IV

~CTHHA

II. KHMrH IV, . ..., B .HKlH MlCTHTbC.H

IIO)l;IJI IIPYCCbKOI 3EMJII HA )l;BAHA,ll;IJ:JITb KHJI3IBCTB

~~oKy

Eo>Koro 173 npycchKM>i KHJIJh

Bel1.nenyr, si.nqyaa10'lll1 n>Ke Tsrrap niK}', 6o >KHB 116 poKin, 3a.LzyMaB 3a)VUI MHPY ~e 3a CBOro .>K11TT.si IIO.ZJ;i.JIHTI1 CBOIX CHHiB. TOM)' BiH i 3i6paB yc10 WJI.siX'ry i npycCbKMX naHin, KOTPMM noni.noMHB, ll.(O B>Ke nOMHpae. B11crynan11 To,zd 3-noMi>K iHwHx iioro CMHH, KOTpHx 6yno .n.naH~~.stTh, a l xHi iMeHa 6yn11 TaKi: Cy.nocaiiMo (Sudosaimo), fanhmo (Galindo), H~po (Nadro), Illan:.srso (Szlawo) , HaTaHro (Natango), EapTo (Barto), BapMo (Warmo), forro (Hoggo), TioMe3o (Pomedzo), KynhMO (Kalmo) i JliTnoc (Litwo). llo6a'liMBIIIH lx, niH 3nepHYBc.sr HacaMnepe.n .no CatfMa ( Sayma) .srK 11.0 cTapmoro 3 TaKMMM CJIOBaMR: «CMHY MiH nepsopOlJ.HI1H, o6i~.stH Ha1III1M Ml1.nOCT.I1B.I1M 6oraM npHCTOHHY 'lleCTb, XBaJIY 3 HaJie)KHOJO Ha6o.>KHicTJO, TaKo.>K HaiiioMy Kp.11ne Kp.11sei%To HaJie.>KHY rroKipHicTh i CJIYIIIH}' qecTb nill.l1.anaTH. Maem HawHx 6orin Ta Kp.11ne KpMse:HTa i

CJIYf HOrO pa30M 3i CBOIMH 6paTaMH6opOHHTH HaCMepTb, ~06 BOHH Ma.JIH

6e3ne'l1He .>KI1TT5i, He 6yJIH npHHH.>KeHHMH, ll.(06 iXHi Ma€THOCTi He 6yJIH 3MeHIIIeHHMI1, a HannaKH, 36iJibiiiYBaJIHc.sr, a rro6o.>KHicTh MHO>KHJiac.sr». Ha ll.(O CaHMo, KopoJiiBCbKHH nepsopO.D;HHH CHH, si.ZJ;nonin: «06i.U.stl0 ni,n CTpaxoM KapH MOro 6ora llepYHa, HeXaH y6' € MeHe CBOIM BOrHeM, .HKI.UO .H He nparey .UbOrO». HoM)' cKa3aB Kp:wse Kpusel1To: «lloKJia,u.H cno10 PYKY Ha ronosy Tnoro 6aTbKa, TOpKHMC.H ~11x nceMoryrHix 6oris». To.n.i Koponh Beiill.esyr, a6o KH.H3b Kpune Kp:wnel1To, y npHcYTHocTi nciei 11I.1UIXTH CKa3as: «Byll.b .>Ke TH naHOM B 3eMJii fo:i1:Ko (Goiko) i HeMo (Niemo)». TaKHM .>Ke 'liMHOM i .uepeMoHiRMH iHmi KOpOJiisCbKl CHHM 83.HJII1 BM.ZtiJieHi IM .nep.>KaBH, KO)K}{a 3 SIKHX OTpHMaJia CBOIO Ha3BY Bi.ZJ; iMeHi KHJI3.H. ix T}'T 3ri.ZJ;HO 3 lXHiM nopH,ZJ.KOM, i3 3aMKaMI1 Ta MiCTaMM, OC06JIHBO THMH, l.UO 6yJIH 36y.ZJ;OBaHi xpeCTOHOC.USIMH, OnHWeMO.

CY~lH,

KHH3IBCTBO I Ilepwe i HaiiroJionHiwe a lJ.aBHix npyc-

CbKMX KHJiaiBCTB -l..le CyAaBiJI (Sudawia), ll.(O Bill. Cy.nana (Sudawa), CHHa Beii,nenyronoro, csoro KHR3R, B3JIJIO cso10 Ha3ny. Ue I<HJI3iBCTBO paHiwe nepesnuzysaJio iHwi po,AIO'lliCTJO i 3HaTHiCTIO. JliO.l{CH .>Ke Ha KO.>Key BOEHH}' D01pe6y BHXOJUVIO 3Bi.zlTH IIIicTb THCR'll KiHHHX i 6JIH3bKO lJ.B~.HTH THCR"' niWHX. Y Ltin KpaiHi .>KWIO HaiiKpall.(e I I (c. 13) npyccbKe p11.uapcTBO i Ha~i3HatJHima

449

Cunu 'BeiiiJeiJyma

KHHrA IV lliJUIXTa. Tenep )l(e TYI' 3aJIHlliMJiac.H seJIMKa i cTpamHa nycTeJUI, oTotieua 3Bi.ZJ.yciJih 60JIOTaMJ1 Ta JJiCaMM, a Bi.ZJ. Ti€i BeJIMKOi ,ZJ.ep)I(3DJ1 JIHillMJJOC.SI TiJJbK11 ciM ciJI B JlynTaBCbKOMY llOBiTi, )le )KMBYTb CeJI.SIHM; Bci xpecTOHOC· 1.\.SIMH TeBTOHCbKoro op.ZJ.eHy 6yJJH JHH~eui He qepe3 ~o iHwe HK qepe3 piJHi 3pa.ZJ.M i HenocJiyx. Cy.uascbKe I<H.H3iBCTBO Bi.ZJ..ZJ.iJJSI€ Bi.ZJ. CaM6ii1cbKOi KpaiHH.HKecb 6arHHCTe o3epo, a si.n. Ha,ZJ.paDCbKoro (Nadrawskiego) KHHJiBCTBa- piKa, IU;O H33MB3€TbCSI JlHBa (Lawa).

CAMEIJI, KH.H3IBCTBO II CaM6i.st, SII<Y Tenep JBYTh lllaMJJ.SIH.ZJ.OM (Szamlandem), np03B3H3 TaK Bi,ZJ. CBOfO KHH3H Cai1Ma. l..J,SI Kpalua T3K caMO 6araTa i1 DO'fY)l{Ha, Mano "'MM si.upi3HHETbC.H si.n neprnol, 6o 3 Hei suxo.uwJJO ,ZJ.O 6010 ri,ZJ.HOfO JJIO,li.Y 'liOTHpH THCH'lli KiHHOTM T3 copoK THCH'll niWHX. Uro JeMJJIO Bi.ZJ. HaTaHriJ1cbKoro (Natangiyskiego) KH.SIJiBCTBa ni.ZJ..n:UUI€ piKa, HaJBaHa ITpereJJb (Pregel).

Micma u 3aM1CU, 1Compi iJo ~'bozo CaM6iuC'bxozo xUfl.3iBcmoa 1UlMJICam'b: Jle6eHixT (Lebenicht) , a6o JlesHixT (Lewnicht) Ksunasa (Kwypawa) KpyJJeseQb (Kr61ewiec) irnayc (Fischaus) JlexrnTa,ZJ. (Lechstad) MyJJbMep6ypr (Mulmerburg)

r epMaH (German) Py.uasa (Rudawa) JiynTasa (Luptawa) Hoi1ray3 (Neuhaus) PoJMTeH (Rhosyten) XpeMeTiR (Chremetya) Kai1Jibrap6iR ( Ceilgarbia)

Yci

Ko)l{He3 HMX 36y.ZJ.OBaHe. CBOrO .PoKy, 3ri.ZJ.HO 13 3allHCaHHM

Eo6eTiSI (Bobetya) T11peu6ypr (Tyrenburg) EoHyH.ZJ.iSI (Bonundia) llla~iH (Schacya) BapriR (Wargia) KaiiMeH (Kaymen) Banb,n:asa (Waldawa)

1256 1380 1260 1269 1289 1279 Yci yi 6ptu 36)1iJOBa'H.i OiJ7-tOZO pm(.)l,

a caMe 1261

~i JaMKH Ta MicTa y CaM6ii1cbidi1 ,n:ep)KaDi, a6o n lllaMJI.SIH.ZJ.CbKiH

JeMJii. KOJIMCb 6yJIM c;xanHi i1 He3BI11.Iai1Hi, 6yJIM ,n:o6pe yKpinJieHi rJIH60KWMH posaMJ1 Ta BaJiaMM; Tenep MaJIO He BCi CT3JIH Cy.ll.OBHMH ,[(BOpaMH, B ,n:eHKMX )KHBYTb CeJIHHH, a iHllli 33HenaJIH.

HATAHflH, KHJI3IBCTBO III HaTaHrin (Natangia). TpeTE KH.stJiBCTBO, si,n: KH.SI3SI HaTaHra (Natanga) 6yno npoJBaHe; iioro ni;VJ.iJI.SI€ ni.ZJ. JeMJii Eap~il piKa A1Ib6a, a Bi.ll. TioMeJaHil- n acapiH (Passarya); KpaiHa pOJJ.I01.Ia, M3€ 1.JI1MaJIO MiCT i JaMKiB, Ha38H SIKHX i qac 33CHyBaHH.st 6y.n.ern 3HaTH, Ha· caMnepe.ll.:

(c. 14)

450

KHiirA IV B€Juma (Wielawa), MicTo fep,nana (Gerdawa), MicTo lJ,HHTi.H (Cynthya), MiCTO KpeH~6ypr (Krencburg), MicTo i1 JaMOK Cs. CeK€pKa, MicTe'IKO <l>p"H)J.eJum.n (Frydeland) , MicTo llloHnoneJih (Schonpopel), MiCTO 3e6apwHTeM (Sebarssytem), MicTo .lJ.yMHOB (Dumnow), MiCTO EpaH.ne6ypr (Brandeburg), MicTo i13aMOK oaJira (8e]ga), 3aMOK JlRHQ6epr (Laneberg), MicTo AneH6ypr (Aienburg), MicTo

HA,l(PABA,

36y.nosaHo poKy Eo)!(oro

ITPOBIH~lH

1256 1326 1313 1253 1301 1312 1319 1324 1400 1362 1239 1325 1326

IlposiHUiR H~pasa (Nadrawa) npo3BaHa Bi.ZJ. KH51351 Ha.ZJ.pa (Nadra); BOHa BiMiJieHa Bi.ll. HaTaHril piKOIO npereJib, a si.n CJiasoHii- piKoiO Hapo10 (Nara). BoHa 3tte6iJiblllOro cnycTollleHa xpecTOHOCURMH TesTOHCbKOro op.ZJ.eHY qepe3 nocTii1Hi 3pa.D.H MicuesMx )J(MTeJiiB, 60 Ui Ha.ZJ.pOBRHH MaJIH 3MOBH 3i )l{My.ll.l(IO, 3aB)J(,lJ.H B3HMKY nponycKa.JIM )J(MY.ltb qepe3 KypchK"HM fa6 (Kurski Hab) .ll.O .nep)J(aBH xpecToHocuis. l..Jepe3 I.{e 'IMHHJiaC..H BeJIMKa IIIKO)J.a xpeCTOHOCQRM, a xpeCTOHOCI.{i 3a ue nycTOWHJIH ixHi 3eMJii. Tenep TaM 3aJIMlllMJIOC..H Jie,nse KiJibKa MaJieHbKHX ciJI, B KOTpHX )J(HBpb TiJibKH pH6a.JIKH.

IIIAJlHBOHI.H, KH513IBCTBO V KpaiHa illammoHiH (Szalawonia) npo3BaHa TaK si.zr; KH..H3..H lliaJI..HBa. BoHa KOJIHCh 3a qacis cTapHx npyccis 6yna KH..H3iBCTBOM, aJie cnyCTOllieHa ( Tenep] 'laCTKOBO JhiTBOIO, qaCTKOBO xpeCTOHOCl{HMH. Bi)J. JlHTBH il siMiJI.sr€ piKa MeMeJib. Tyr € TaKi MicTa ii 3aMKH: ParHeTa (Ragneta) 1253 TiJJb3a (Thylza) 1289 PeH}'M (Renum) 1276 Ui MicTa MbK (Elk) 1273 36y)J.OBaHi 6yJIH Illan..HB (Szalaw) 1385 xpeCTOHOCI.{..HMH JIH6iH (Labia) 1258 B TaKi pOKH Tan€BO (Tapiewo) 1255 Bi.ll BTiJieHH..H · focno,[(a XpHcTa TaWIHK (Taplak) 1253 Bi~6ypr (Windburg) 1409 XpHcTosepJ(ep (Chrystowerder) 1253 Hop6ep1' (Norbert) 1381

451

'J!Tal(j Jlu6u, .RI(, npu

.Micma)(

Ca.M6ii

KHHrA IV Boac.nop4> (Wonsdorph) I AHrep6opT ( Angerborth)

1391 1412 1403 1185 1338

(c. 15)

,l(piHrocpopT ( Dringofort) [(ecTeH (Cesten) EaRpH (Baiam)

EAPTEMJI.HH,ll;, KH.H3IBCTBO VI DapTeMJIJI.H,ll;, a6o BapKa- 3eMJIR, npo3BaHa si.A KHR3R EapTa; UR 3eMJIR Me>~<ye 3 JlMTBOIO Ta Ma3osie10, a BiAAim:re ii si.n. JlMTOBChKoi 3eMJii 70 03ep i seJIHKi JiicH, a si.n: fa.JiiH.n.ii- seJIMKe i1: .no are o3epo i RKacb piKa, ~o Teqe qepe3 rrycTKM. KoJIM i RKi Micra i JaMKM 3aCHOBaHi, Ma€Ili T)'T UMM nopR,n:KOM: HoH.n.eH6ypr (Nondenburg) Horasrnnypr ( Johawsspurg) 10pr6ypr (Jurgburg) lHcTeH6epr (lnstenberg) PuTesep.nep (Rythenwerder) EapTeH (Barthen)

Qi 3aMKM 6yJIM 36y.nosaHi xpeCTOJ:IOCUHMM B TaKl p0KI1

PMHHO (Rhynno)

1505 1268 1259 1342 1396 1365 1375

fAJIIH,li;IJI, KPAIHA VII Qn KpaiHa .n:icTaJia Ha3BY si.n csoro KHR3R faJiiH,n:a. BoHa Ma€ Ha niB,n:Hi CBOI KOp.l{OHM, KOTpi Bi,n,ZJ.iJISl€ Bi,n Ma3osii seJIMKMH Jiic. 3 nJIMHOM qacy un KpaiHa TaK po3MHO>KMJia csoe HaceJieHHH, m:o JIIO,n:HM, Hapo.n>~<eHMM y Hili, He cTano Micun. ToMY BJia,na n:iei 3eMJii HaKa3a.Jia )f(iHKaM ni.n; CTpaxoM CMepTHOI KapM, HK ErMneTCbKMH q>a!lTozaHuu fhuHOI(

paoH, m:o6 >KO.ZJ.HY HOBOHapO,n>Keay )J:MTMHY He 3aJIMlliaJIM )1(118010; aJie >KiHKM 3 MMnocep.n;n Uboro He MOrJIM a6o He xoTiJIM Bt.tMHMTM. To,ni raJiiH,niiicbKi

CTapmi i HatiaJibHMKM, llOCTepirmM ue, HaKa3a.JIM o6piJaTM MaTepHM rpy.n.M, ~06 BOHM He MOfJIM qepe3 ue BMpOCTMTM )I<O)J:HOI ,ZJ.MTMHM. QH cnpasa Jzy>Ke o6pa3MJia scix >KiHoK, i BOHM i1mJm Ha n:e 3 seJIMKMM CMYTKOM, ixHi HapiKaHHR 3i CJib03aMM i >KaJii6HMM JieMeHT, 3MimaHMM 3 rHiBOM, He MOfJIM HiHK npM6opKaTM. A 6yJia TO.U.i B u.i.i13eMJii o.n.Ha .ny)l(e cnaaHa naHi tiM )l(iHKa, MeTKa i1 CMJlbHa, .AMBOBM)I(Horo po3YMY, HKY .n.y)l(e noBa>KaJIM, 6o il BBa>KaJIM nposM,nMUeiO, . .. .... . . OCKlJibKM BOHa ,nasan:a TOt:jHl Bl)J:fiOBl.D.l TMM, XTO llMTaB II, 1 p03DOBl)laJia npo MaM6YTH€ . .ll:o Hei npMMiliJIM HaMrOJIOBHimi naHi U.i€1 3eMJii, 3 nJiatieM CKap)I(MJIMCR Ha CBdi HeqyBaHi TR>KKiCTb, 6iJib, 0C06JIMBO >K raHh6y; npOCIIJIM nopa,nM ~O.ll.O TOfO, HK >KOpCTOKHM 'lJOJIOBiKaM DOMCTMTMCH 3a TaKe BeJIHKe HaCHJibCTBO I I (c.l6) i BI1Haropo.D.MTM ce6e Ja n:e. CTpamHa cKapra i )f<an:i6He npoxaHHSl Jli(]KiHI@ ;'()Jmpo 3nopymHJII1 uro naHi, KoTpa, no.nYMasm11, noKaJana iM lllJIHX .n.o noMCTH. BoHa o6iJypuAa 3aKJIMKaJia .lJ.O ce6e HaMrOJIOBHiWHX JIIO.D.eH 3eMJii faJiiH.D.ii i TaKy npOMOBY BMUl.lliHiJiaH fOJIOCJUia: «0 raniH.n.iaHI1! TaKa e BOJIH Haw11x nceMoryrHix 6orin, KOTPY R saM MaiO noni,lJ.OMMTM, m:o6 CbOI'O.D.Hi >K, He 3BOJiii<aiOtiM, He 6ep)"'M )I(Q.lJ.HOI 36poi

452

KHHrA IV i )1{0,l1.HOI6poHi, i'IUlJlll Ha Xp11CTI1.m-IChKi 3eMJJi, HHUI.11JII1, a Ha6Hpa.JH1 TaM 3)J.O· 6Ht.~i, KOTPY saM TaM 7\<Vl.yro 6on1». RK nO'-I)'JIO ~e noraHCTBO, To nci CI<Opo, Hat.~e

Ha Me,l1., TIOMt.IaJII1, :Ja.nlllll11Billll B,T\OMa )l{iHOK i .n.iTeM, TIJIIOH.l.lp}'BaJIH Xp11CTJ1· HHCbK}' 3eMJIIO, Ha6pa;I11 B'.H3Hil3 Ta 3,IJ,06Ht.~i H nosepHyJIJ-tCH /.I.O.llOMy. JIIO/lH )I{ xpUCTiiHHCbKi, XOt.I i MOfJ1113pa3y /laTH Bi.n.cit.I .HK 6e336pOIIHHM, 3i CTpaxy CXO· . ' .. . .. . . BaJIMCH; ane KlJlbKa B Jl3HIB BTeKJBf BI,LJ, noraHHX )1.0 CBOIX l CKa3aJil1, 11.(0 Tl He MaiOTb 36pol. IJ.e )1.0/laJIO ,nyxy xpi1CTH.HHaM i BOHH 3i 3Up0€10 pywHJII1 B nOrO· HIO 3a .H31ft.IHHKaMH, a Ha3.n.orHaBilil1, .n.oll.(eHry lx po3rpoMMJIIf, 3a6pan11 3.n;06Ht.I i nosepH)'JIJIC.H .n.o.n.oM)' pa.zdcHO, 3 neJIMKHM Tpi}'M<!JOM. Ocb HK Bi.zi..n.Ht.nma IM QH Billi.}'HKa, n6HBIJ:.SIM. Cy.n.as11, cyci.n;H i 6paTH lxHi, TaKO)l{ Hana;m Ha faJiiH,niiO i TO,Ai Cfi)'CTOilJI1JIH 1.:(10 3eMJIIO, xy_no6y BHfHaJIH, .Ap}')l{I1H i3 J(iThMH Ta yciM J(o6poM 3a6pan.11. flpo Qe csi,nt.IHTh y cnoli1 xpoHiQi He TiJihK.H M. Mypu'uiu, a i1 flernpo ¢ouJ()'3eH6ypz, .n.asHii1 icTopMK. floTiM, nosoni ynii1IliOBilii1 n cMaK, noraHi t.I.HH.I1JI.H cTpalliHe TupaHCTBO, Hana.n.aiOt.t.H Ha Ma3oniiO, OoMopCbK}' 3eMJJIO, Ha iHilJi KHH3iBCTBa, '411HI1JII1 CTpalliHi B6l1BCTBa 3i 3BipHt.tOIO )l{OpCTO· Kicno, He po36.11pa10q.H cTaTi; a npHI)l{,ll,:>KaiOq.H 3 n epeMoroiO, HaH3Hat.~Hilli}' oco6y 3 KOHeM i 3i 36p0€10 :>KMBQeM CnaJIIOBaJIM HK :>KepTB}' CBOIM 6oraM, po6JUit:{.l1 TaK CaMO, HK 1 JIMTBa.

Y FMiuaii. 6 maxi 3G.M'KU U Micma: 0pTeJibQ6ypr ( Orthelzburg), llOT}':>KHHH MyponaHMH 3aMOK PalliTeH6ypr (Rasstenburg), MiCTO i 3aMOK MypoBaHi ITacceiiM (Passeim),

1266 1329 PoKw, KOJIM 6yJI.H 3aCHOBaHi Ql 3aMK.I1

}' .HKOM}' TIOJibCbKa MOBa Hai1,n:eM6ypr (Naydemburg),

MlCTO 1 3aMOK M)'pOBaHl .lJ:pemJiaB (Dreschlaw),

MicTo i 3aMOK M}'posaHi Jleq (Lecz), 3aMoK MYPOBaHMM i MicTo JIIOQeM6ypr

(Lucemburg), MicTo

1238 1388 1338 1348 1349

BAPMI.H, KPAiHA VIII BapMiJI, a6o BapMiHCbKa 3eMJIH, npo3BaHa Bi,n: KHH3H BapMa. li BiMiJIHE si.n. floMe3aHCbKoi JeMni o.n.He 03epo Ta piKa, np03BaHa naccapi.s~; a Bi.n. HaTaHCbKOi 3eMJii ni.n:.zdJI.HIOTh ii HeBeJIRKi piqKn. BapMiHChKHM EnncKon E He TiJibKR .n.yxonHRM, a :H cBiTCbKHM naHoM sciEi 3eMJii. I I (c. 17) KecceJih (Kessel), MicTo ii 3aMOK MyponaHJn':i: 1337 Cpe6ypr (Sreburg), JIKoro POKY 6yJIH MicTO H 3aMOK M}'pOBaiUfH 1348 3aCHOBaHi Eimo<PwTaHH (Bischowstein),

1325

a6o BicK}'Del.lh, MicTo

453

)l(opcmo· l(#cmll ZaJiiHiJiaH

KHHrA IV BapTeM6ypr (Wartemburg), MicTo H aaMOK, o6HeceHi MypoM AnbmTaHH (Alsstein), MicTo i aaMoK MYPOBaHHH MeJibniTaT (Melsstat), MicTo H aaMoK MyponaHi feJILQ6epr (Helcberg), MicTo i1 aaMOK MfPOBaHHH BopMeT (Wormeth), MicTo i1 aaMoK MYPOBaHHM fYTmTa,n ( Gutsstad), MlCTO, llOT)')KHO MypoBaHe

1325 1367 1326 1320 1316 1326

fOfKEPJlHH,li;IR, IIPOBIHL(IH IX

r orKepmiH,AiH (Hogkierlandia), a6o llo-

Me3aHi.SI, HaanaHa TaK si.n. KH.SI3.SI forra (Hogga). II si,zJ,zJ,iJI.Sie ni.n. HaTaHrii piKa naccapa, a ni.n: 0oMe3aHii .n:si piKM: MeJibcpiHK (Melfink) i .llpa3eH (Drasen). TYT e TaKi MicTa i1 aaMKM: BpaH.n:e6ypr ( Brandeburg), MicTo i1 3aMOK 1258 0payM6epr (Praumberg), 1279 MyponaHHH 3aMOK AneH6ypr (Alenburg), Y HKi poKH BOHH 1365 MypoBaHe MicTel.JKO 36y.n:osaHi ToJibKeMiT (Tolkiemith), 1365 MYPOBaHe MicTel.JKO MroHrayaeH (Munhausen), HeHai:fripllle MicTel.JKO 1365 lllapnon (Scharpow), 3aMol.JoK 1400 'E.!tb6MHJbi\J E.nb6JioHr (Elbing) - .n:na o6HeceHHX MYPOM MiCTa. GrapHti JaMOK .lcy)Ke no80/lbHOCmi T)')KHHH, M)'pOBaHMH 1237 pOKf, a MiCTO TaKO)K CJiaBHe i 3aJIIO,lJ,HeHe, 6yJio a6yJl:OBaHe 1239 poKf. L(e MicTo po3TawosaHe Heno.n.aniK si.n, fa6y, .lzy)Ke rapHe, He MMHae i1oro csoe10 Tet~i€10 piKa E.nb6, KOTpa nna,nae .n:o fa6y. Micro Jie)KHTh aa 14 MHJih ni.n: KpyJieBQ.H (KeHirc6epra), a 3a I 0- si.n, f.n:aHcbKa, Ha f.n:aHCbKoMY lliJI.Hxy. PaHiwe npu6yrKM 3 ceJia CJI}')KMJIM aaMKf, ane Tenep ix nosHiCTIO 6epe MicTo. CTape MicTo e M)'pOBaHMM, a Hose TiJibKM .uepes' .HHe Ta .QerJI.HHe, .SIK i iHllli MiCTe'tJ:Ka. € KiJibKa M)'pOBaHMX KOCTeJiiB, ane cnyCTOllleHMX.

XEJIMIHChKE KHR3IBCTBO (X) KyJibMiHa, a6o KyMepmlH.ll: (Kumerland)- n pyccbKa JeMJI.H, Hawi 3llYTb ii KyJibMeHCbKOIO 3eMJieiO Bi.n. KH.Sl3.SI KyJibMa. BJarani BOHa ue HaJIC)KaJia HiKOJIM H3WIHHKaM-npyccaM. li a,uasHa si.n.,uiJIHe ni)J. OoJihW.i piKa BicJia, a ni)J. OoMeJaHil - Occa, ni.u MixaJiona )K i ni.n: .Uo-

454

KHMr A IV 6)l(IJHa Bona nom11p10E enol KOp)J.OHH noniTaM11.llpe6HilJ (Drebnicz). Och m<i MiCTa ll 3<\MKII € )' Uiii 3eMJii: X eJIM , MicTo umpoKe i1 neJIHKe 1223 BeHUJI.HB (Wenclaw), 3aMoK cTapH~I 1215 AnhTeHray3, a6o CTaporap.ll. (Starogrod), 3aMOK I I (c. 18) 1238 fpy.ll.3hOH.ll.3, MicTo li 3aMoK Ha,n, caMOIO BicJIOIO 1299 ryreT36ypr ( Gugetsburg) ' MiCTO li 3aMoK 1230 Illoy3a (Schousa), MiCTO i 3aMoK 1305 II1Tpac6ypr (Strassburg), MiCTO ii 3aMoK 1285 Jh<or o BpaTHaH (Bratyan), poKy M)'pOBaHMH 3aMOK 1346 Ui 3aMKM Hone MicTo Ha)l. ,ll.pseHUOIO 11 MicTa no6y~o(Drwenc(l), npeKpacHe s KaMe Hi 1325 BaH I Por03HO, 3aMOK i MicTo npeKpacHe 1393 XeJihM3a (CheJmza), MicTO, 06HeCeHe KaM'HHOJO CTiHOJO 1251 IlonOBO, ETIMCKOTICbKMM 3aMOK 1375 <l>pM.ll.eK (Frydeck), 3aMOK 1 MlCTO npeKpacHe 1331 JlEnHO, 3aMOK i MiCTO npeKpacHe 1339 JlecHa, 3aMOK i MiCTO npeKpacHe 1328 1300 fOJIY6 , 3aMOK i MiCTO npeKpacHe 1233 Jlro6ana, 3aMOK i MicTo npeKpacHe 1305 Pa,n,3HHh, 3aMOK i MiCTO npeKpacHe EiprJIOB (Birglow), 3aMOK npeKpacHMM Jlayrneu6ypz (Lautenburg) , a6o Jirou6ypr (Lucburg), MicTe'IKO, oKpeMMM ,nnip a6o 3aMOK, 'IOTMPM MHJii ni.n Epo.UHHr.:J;i. 3acHoBaHe pol<}' 1301. THT}'JI ll;bOI'O KHH3iBCTBa B.IKHBa€ llOJibChKHM KOpOJib. TofrY'H/b- n;e )l.Ba npeKpacHHX MicTa; y CTapoMy- .ny.IKe neJUIKa paryma, 36y)l.onaHa neJIMKMM KOlliTOM, He6araTo 3Haii,nem TaKHX y HiMeUbKOMY Onuc 9JTOp!JH.R Pe:Hxy; 6i.JIH Micra MiQHHH MYP· 6araTo neJIH'IHHX ne.IK a6o 6amT, 'IYI' .lcy)Ke rapHi if 6arari KaM'HHi 6y)J.HHKH. Hone MicTo 36y.nonaHo He ripme. Ilopyq Teqe BiCJia He Jzy)Ke mHpoKo, qepe3 HK}' no6y.nonaHo neJIHKHM KOmTOM MicT. BiH .ny»<e ,nonrnii, MaJIO He KO.IKHoro pol<}' ncy€TbcH KpHroro, TOM)' TOp}'Hui 6araTo Ha HbOro BMTpaqaJOTb. € TaM Ha,zJ; BiCJioiO TaKO.IK nycTe Micn;e, .ne cnoro qacy 6ys npeKpaCHMM 33MOK. Ue MicTo Tenep CTOJIHUH nciei Xe.nMiHCbKOi 3eMJii; TaM 6ysas paHime nepmuu CKJia,zJ; )l.JIH nciJUIKHX Tonapin, HKi ne3JIH 3 lloJIL~i. Tenep >Ke BinbHO KO.IKHOM)' fiOB3 Top}'Hb llJIHCTH )l.O r,naHCbKa. Po3TalliOBaHe niA KpyJieBJ..VI y TJ>Jf,l(QJITH meCTH MHJI.siX, a B~ r,naHCbKa- y ,nBa,zJ;QHTH 'IOTHpbOX. TopyH& 6yJio 3aCHOBaHo y 1235 po~.ti. TaM KopoJib Ma€ TiJihKM csoro HaMic~ HHKa, TaK caMO .siK y r.naHCLK)', E.nL6JIOH3i, KOTJ>OrO 3Byrb 6yprrpa<PoM.

455

KHMrA IV

TIOME3AHlH, llPOBIH[(IR XI IIoMe3aHiJI np03BaHa ai.n. KH$13JI

Onuc

!MOJlt.6opl(a 30JliJKi

c8i'U(Jl

no-

Meaa; ~R 3CMJUI 6YJia 6iJI.R npHKOp)J.OHHMX JeMeJib, Bi).IJJ.iJieHa Bi,l.J. HMX BCJIMKMMH piKaMH, RK-oT: Bicna, Enb6JioHr, flpoi1cceH, Occa, ,llpaeHua i BemTa. Tyr t~HMaJIO rapHHX MicT i nory>I<HHX aaMKin, HacaMnepe.n.: I I (c. 19) Mapi6H6ype, a6o MaJib60pK, npeKpacHe MiCTO, noTyJKHO aMypoaaHe 1302 poKY· 3aMOK )l(e 6y;10 aacHoBaHo 128 poKy (TaK! -/0. M.) xpecToHocURMH aa t~acia naH)'BaHH.H iXHhoro MaricTpa rpacpa feJib.UByeHChKoro TYT :IKe, Ha,n: MicTOM, Ha MicUi ,ll.OCHTb JaXHI.qeHOMY caMOIO npHpO,li;OIO i p03TamyaaHHRM. BOHO Ma€ ,ll.Ba nepe.n.MicT.R i KeMrry, T06TO nepllHiH, cepe.u.HiH i BHCOKHH JaMOK, y SIKOMY poaTalliOBaHMH cnii1: KOCTbOJI. Y UbOMY KOCTbOJii CTORTb)J.Bi BCJIMKi CBit~KH nepe.n. BCJIHKHM BiBTapeM, BOHH MaiOTb 3aJiiJHi rHOTH. A ue Ha JHaK Toro, ~.qo noJibCbKi Koponi TaK .n;onro naHynaTHM)'Tb, ,u.oKH u;i CBitiKH He aropRTb. IJ:eii JaMOK ,u.yme MOryTHiH, MypoBaHHH, ,u.o6pe OCHameHHH cne~iaJibHHMH ae)l(aMH, ponaMH, nanaMH i .n.o6po10 aorHenanbHOIO a6poEIO. TaKMX cpopTeU:b, .HK U.H, TaKHX nory)l(HMX aaMKiB He6araTo 3Hai1,u.eTbCH B yciH €aponi. Y HiM )l(HJIH TiJibKH MaricTpH Ja qaciB xpeCTOHOCQiB, a aeMCbKi MapmaJIKM- y Kpynen~i. U:e HaHroJIOBHiiliHH i HaiinepmMM aaMoK B yciw flpycchKiH aeMJii, aa .HKHM .u.onro Tpnnana 6nTna noJibCbKHX Koponia 3 xpecToHOCU.HMM. 3acHoBaHMH niH 6yn 1381 poKY. Tenepy HbOMYnocTiMHo TPMMaiOTb KiJihKacoT KoponiBCbKHX rai1.n.yKiB *.

l1iwi 3a.MKU 'IJ,'bOZO K'lifl3iecmea HiTHK, MicTo lllryM, MicTo if aaMoK Kpna6opK (Kryzbork), MicTo i1: JaM OK flpaaMapK (Prazmark), KHH>I<HM JaMOK 3anbcpeJibT (SaJfeJt), MiCTO MopMepK (Monnerk), MicTo i1 aaMoK foJI.HH.U. (Hal and), MicTo 11 JaM OK Jii6mTaT (Libsztat), MicTo i1: JaM OK OcTepo.n. (Osterod), MiCTO 11 JaMOK PoaeM6ypr (Rosemburg), MiCTO i1: aaMOK MapreHaep.n.ep (Morgenwerder), MicTo 11 aaMoK fap.n.el1 (Gardei), MicTe"'KO np11 oaepi I I (c. 20) .ll:otit~e Etinay (Deicze Eilaw), MicTo i1 aaMoK Jli6yMene, MicTo 11 aaMOK foJiblllTHH, MicTo if aaMoK MypoaaHi llloHep6epr (Schonerberg), MicTo i1: JaMOK PoaeH6epr (Rosenberg), MicTo 11 aaMOK AM:neH6epr (Eilenberg), MiCTO i1aaMOK Hai1H.u.ep6ypr (Neinderburg), MicTo if JaMoK lilanHna, MicTo 11 3aMOK

1329 1249 1258 1329 1328 1290 1399 1302 1280 1289 UI3aMKH JaCHOBaHO

1311 1328 1337 1337 1301 1319 1305 1299 1289 1306

* ,lJ,HB. i.IJ.eHTH"4HHi1: MaJIIOHOK, u{o c-raHonHTh nepxHJO t.JaCTJIHY MaJJJOnKa n KH. I (c. 198 op~-triuaJiy).

456

KHHrA IV

MIXJIOBlH, nPOBIHIJJ5I XII Mi:x;toBi.H, T06To MHxai1JiiBCbi\a JeME HeBeJIHKOlO, Jle:>KHTb Mi:>K JI.BOMa piKaMI-1- BpO/lHHQeJO Ta .llpneHI..\010. 3a uro JeMJIJO nomm11 3 npyccaMH nocTiMHO BOIOBaJIM. DoJIHKM HaJHBaJIMII cso€10, a npyccaKH MiQHO lr TPHMaJIH i MY:>KHbO o6opoH.RJ111, .UOKH l'i noJI.RKM He BJ.HJIH. € JI11we o,uHe MicTo lllTpac6ypr i TpaJaMKM: EepKJH1, .ll.opHiK i Mixanosi.s~. A u;e iMeHa cuHin npycchKoro KopoJI.H Beii.uenyra, TaK Ha3Mnaveamw!!J!· JIMC.H i ixHi y,uiJin. Eys i .unaHa.UQ.HTMM CHH Beii.uenyTa, RK11113oancn JliTnoc, nfUU CUH aJIC y HbOfO 6yJia iHWa MaTip; BiH Bi.U.UiJIHBCSI Bi.U HHX i OciB TaM, /l.C 3apa3 'BeuiJcGyma .1/imiJoc 11MTna. A i1oro 6paTH, Ja,uonoJibH5II0'111Cb cnoiMM y.uiJiaMH, )f\HJIH Mi:>K co6mo y Jro.ui, TOMY i1 6y;m nory:>KHMMH npoTH soporis, a 11.0 Toro :>K JaMMaJIMOI

JUJ,

rocno11.apcTBOM.

IlPO IlPHYMHO)I{EHH.H IlPYCCIB I IlPO IXHI BIHHH 3 XPI1CTI151HAMH Gapi npycc11, RK MH BM~e nHCaJIM, TYT· B ~iH 3eMJii, p03MH0)KMJIMC.H i /1,0 TOfO, .RK /1.0 HMX np1111lliJII1 qy)Ki JIIO,UH, T06TO CKaH,llHHaBM, KeJibTM, aMaKC0611 iT. .U., 6yJIM HapO.UOM rrpOCTHM, /l.06pHM, ll{e/l.pHM i Henill.JIHM. ToMY-TO noHH BH.SIBJIHJIH ~o.uo rrp116yJib~is BeJIMKY JIIO/l.HHicTb, ~11picrh i 11.06pory. Xoqa BOHH 6yJIH i,noJionOKJIOHHHKaMH i H311'1HI1KaMH, 0/l.HaK He 6yJIH TaKI1MI13a)KepJIHBHMI1 i )Ka/1,i6HHMI1 THpaHaMH, .HK CKaH/l.HHaBH, KOTpi /1.0 HHX npHX0/1,11JII1. AJie riOTIM , KOJIH Bci nepeMiWaJIHC.H, CTaJIH oco6JIHBO )KOpcroKHMH, nparH)'JIH JIIO/l.CbKoi Kposi. KoJIH )K iHIIIi JII0/1.11, KOTpi 3 HHMH MC)K)'BaJIH, sill.ll.aBaJIH CBOIM KHH3.HM 'tJHHWi, a60 /1.aHIUIY, 3a HaJie)KHQIO

>lJU'l'lU!Jbl(!l :HCOpcTTW·

l(jcrrn, y~pyccii

llOBHHHicTIO, TO npyccH 36YHTYBaJII1CH i 3 BCJIHKOIO CHJIOIO nycTOIIIHJIM, HM'll(HJIH i BHiseq o6epTaJIH IXHIO 3CMJIIO; BCJIHKC CBaBWH i 3JIOqJ1HH MHO)KHJIH B ixHix JeMJIHX. floTiM poKy 965 focnO/l.b Eor BceMoryTHiii I I (c. 21) ai CsoEi JiaCKH Ta MHJiocepll.H 3BOJII1B ,n:aTH iM Cso€ cnHTe cJiono, KOTpe noIIIHPHJIOCH no BCbOMY csiry qepe3 6oro60.H3HHX MOHapxiB, TO BOHH norop/l.HJIH IJ;MM CJiaBHHM i poaKiiiiHHM nocoJibCTBOM. BoHH 3i6paJIH 6iJibllliCTb JII0/1,e:H, no,n:iJIMJIH ix Ha TPH qacTHHH i nocJiaJIH O/l.H}' qacTMH}' ,n:o floJib'll{i, 11.pyry -11.0 Maaosii, TpeTIO- ,n:o floMopeJibCbKOi, a6o floMopcbKOi, aeMJii. TaKMM 't!MHOM BOHM xoTiJIM 3HaMTI1 xpncTMHHCbKoro Eora i CnacnTeJIH ix, Icyca Xp11cTa, AJI.H Toro 'll(o6 Horo 3HI1~11T11; BOHM 'tii1HHJII1 seJinKi )KOpcro- Xpuc1TW.1ZH· c&l(p. cmiit· KocTi JII0/1,HM B UHX Xp11CTMHHCbKI1X KpaiHax, B HICHX, KOJIH 'tJMTaJIOCSI €BaH- l(jcttlb y 8ipi reJii€, TO qoJIOBiKH BMTSII]'Ba.JIM Me'tJa ,ll;O llOJIOBHHM, ,n:aiO'tJH 3HaTH, ~0 BOHH roTosi 6opoH11TM u;iHoiO csoro )KHTTH cnHry sipy. Mi)l{ iHWMMM B'tJMTeJieM CJiosa Eo)f{oro 6ys TaKO)K cs. Bouuex, KOTp11i1 npMi1IIIOB 3 YropmnHM .n:o lloJib'll(i, noTiM snpywns ,n:o npycciB-HJnqHHKiB, HasqaJO"tJM ix Bo)Koi npas.ztH. llepenpasnBI1111Cb qepea piJCY Occy, KOTpa JHaxO/l.MTbCH Ja fpyl1.3bOH.. 'BiaMuucian• ,l{30M, BiH iWOB ,AaJii B i,n:OJIOllOKJIOHCbKC noraHCTBO, HaBttaiOttl1 IX, 'll(O 're, •JU~U!I&'(J>i nto BOHM XBaJIJITL, € cTsopeHe EoroM. BiH BI<aJaB iM icTMHHOro Bora, Tsop- 6ipu6W ~K· l.tJI scix peqeu i Aoro €,zu!Horo CuHa Icyca XpHcTa, icrnHHoro Mecho, pooi· nl(p{ n'JIToro Ja Hac, iT. JJ.. BoHH, noqyswu Tai<e, 3 rHiBoM Hai<HH}'nHCJI Ha H&oro

457

KHMrA IV (D.

'Boil~

y6umui1 npycctl)fu

i B6.HJI.H tioro H~ MOpeM, no6JIM3Y MicTe'-II<a, 111,0 H.HHi 3BeTbOl <f>iwayc. IToTiM BOHiif nocJiaJI.H .uo nepworo noJibCbKoro KopoJI~ EoJiecJiana Xopo6poro 3i 3BicTKOIO, 111,0 BOHM B6MJUf i BTOilMJIM HOrO 6ora; He po3yMiJIO Mep3eHHe noraHcTBO, n.~;o CB~THH MY)K He npanryn BM,naTM ce6e 3a Bora 3a 3BM'-Ia€M lXHiX 6oriB, KOTpi npMCBOIODa.TIM C06i Qe iM' Sl, aJie nOHH~BaB ce6e caM; niH cnoni.uynan icTMHHoro Bora 0TQH, CuHa i Cn. ,l(yxa Ta iHmMx BiB .uo Qboro. To.ui BOHM 3ruKa,n:anM DI·I Kyny 3a 1'1oro TiJio: w;o6 iM ,nanM cTiJibKH 30JIOTa 3a HbOfO, CKiJibKM BOHO 6y,n:e Ba)f(HTH. DOJieCJiaB ~KHaHlliBM,n:me 3i6paB cKap6in i nocJian TY.UM lJ.JI~ BiifK)'ny TiJia, a KOJIM Tino 3BCUK)'BaJIH, TO BOHO 3 DO)f(Ol BOJii He MaJIO Hi.HKOI narM. Qe TiJIO npMBe3JIM HaCaMnepe,u ,UO

tl{yiJo 6i/l.ll MOHaCTMp» TmeMelliHa, a noTiM noHo 6yJio npMHeceHo .no fH€3Ha. Tipo milia c8. 'Bou~a BeJIMKi tty_neca, 111,0 CTaJIMC~ 6iJin HOfO rpo6y, ttHTaH KOCTbOJibHi xpoHiKM, 11IIifpme QH icTopi~ onHcaHa y KHM3i I n onMci naHynaHHH Kopomi EoJiecJiaBa Xopo6poro Hac. 29. Komo~ )I( 6ynu y6ori JIIOAH cnii1MaHi, BOHH npocHJIM y QHX noraHMX npo JiaCK)' 1'1 MMJIOcep,n:H. To,ui iM 3a.AJIH nocMixy, 6JII03HipcTB)'IDttM Ha iM'H Hamoro CnaCHTeJI~, TaK ni,n.noBi,uaJIM: «HexaM BaM BMHBMTb CBO€ MMJIOCep,n:H Balli po-

3in 'HTMH Eor». RK npo u:e noqyn Koponh EoJieCJiaB, To cKiHttl1B cnpanM 3 PycCIO, 3 .SIKOIO TO,ZJ;i BOIOBaB: BiH BTHXOMHpMB CBOI KOp.UOHM no ,l(Hinpy, po36MB ixHboro KHH3H RpoCJiana, a CBHTOnOJIKa noca.AMB Ha KuiBCbK)' .uep)f(asy; nOMMpuna~ i3 CaKCOHU:HMM, llOCTaBHBiliM BittHi KOplJ.OHiif no pittQi Ub6i, BKOilaBillM 'EoJUC.IlaiJ TaM 3aJii3Hi CTOBilM. fliCJIH 1..\bOfO BiH BMC1)'11MB 3 BiMCbKOM ,ZJ;O IJpyccii. BiH Xopo6pui1 o6epTTUU Hecno_uisaHO Hanan Ha HMX, 6MB i rpOMMB, nycTOWMD lXHi JeMJii, 3H11Ili,MB TaIUl nonin KO)K Micra Banry, Pa.A3MHb, PoMHOBO- CTOJIMI..\10 ixHix HaHBMili,HX enMCKonis,

npycc&~

WO.IIi6

TaKO)K I I (c. 22) oiH 3py6as i cnaJIMB ixHiH CBHTMM 1J.Y6 3 ixHiMM i.noJiaMM. KpMne Kpusei1To 3i csoiMM neH,ueJIOTaMM i JHattHiWMMM naHaMM n naHiu:i BTeKJIM .uo JiiconMx HM. IToTiM, noqynlliM npo crpamHe cnycToweHH» cnoei JeMJii, BOHM cnepmy nOCJiaJIM riHQH, npocHttM npo BiJibHMH 6eJne'-IHMH npoiJ,u ,UO Kopomi. Koponh MMJIOCTMBO ,no3BOJIMB IM Qe. ,li.o Hboro npMHIDJIM JII1me Haii-

'lTpyccu nUJ-

3HattHirni npyccM, BOHM ocpipynan11 HOMY csoe nOHM)f(eHe ni,n..uaHCTBO i o6iQH-

1({Jp1010mi>CJI.

JIM w;opi"llHO .ncwaTM .naHMHY Ha nenHOMY MicQi. Eo;IeCJian npMi'IH~B u:e B.D.HqHo

'EoJUC.Ila6y

i, 3anpon(l,AMBlliM MMP Ha3eMJii, nonepH)'BCH IJ.O IToJihw;i 3 TpifMcpOM i neJIMKOIO pa.u.icTIO, o6TH)KeHMH neJIMKOIO 3.U06Mq"l!IO. O,uHaK nepm Hi)K nMixan, niH nocTamm enol KOPIJ.OHM Cl)l< !J.O MOpH, KOTpe JBeTbcH Ea;ITiHCbKUM, Ha 3HaK qoro acraHOBMD 3aJii3HHH CTOBn nocepe,n11Hi piKM OccH, 1.1epe3 u~o cyci,nH€ ceJIO nottano Ha3MBaTMCH Cnyne. Tai<MM 'lHHOM BiH nocranMB nenHi Kop,noHM Ha cxolJ,i, 3axo!J.i J:i niBHoqi. Qe nepme ni/].KopeHHH n pyccil, 3ri;J.Ho 3 npyccbKMMM xpoHiKaMM, MaJIO Micue pol<)' Eo)Koro 1015. HeB!J.OD3i niCJIH Qboro 6y;m ni,n.KopeHi 'JTOMOp.RHU

niiJI(JJpJt· 10m1>C.R noAAI(a.M

noJI.HKa.MM i noMopHHH, cycilJ.M npyccaKiB, w;o CTaJIOCH 3a qacin Kopomi EoJiecnana CMiJIMBOrO pOI<)' 1069. A.Jie HK TIOMOp~HI1, TaK i npyccM ttaCTO BM6M· . . . . BaJIMCH 3 TII)JJ.J.aHCTBa llOJibCbKMX KOpOJIIB 1, Hana,D.aiOttH Ha JeMJil OOJibCbKY

'Eazamo paji6

i1 MaJoBel.\bKf, Jano.niroBaJIM IM WKOAM. Alle noJIHKH, HK TiJihKH T)'T 3'HBJIHnpyccu JIMC5~, lx 3aB)I(,li.M po36HBaJIM. Dpo u:e "l!MTaii KHHry In onMci nOJibCbKIIX Kopo-

Jla.Mtl/IU

npucJtzy JiiB, npo ixH€ nepme nilJ,KopeHHH 3a KOpOJIH EonecJiaHa Xopo6poro (c. 29 nOAAI(.a.M i 30). npo IJ.pyre, TpeT€ i 'leTnepTe nilJ,KopeHHH 3a KOpOJIH Ka311MHpa nep-

458

KHHrA IV moro- c. 35. flpo n 'RTe- 3a KopoJJ.H 6oJJeCJJaua CMiJn1BOro pol<)' 1059- c. 37. flpo lllOCTe, CbOMe i DOCbMe niftKopem·I.H I1pyccia i flOMOp.RH Ma€JJJ 13 OIU1Ci KOpOJIR BJia,zJ.HC!Iasa repMaHa*- c. 40, 4]' 42. npo 3~o6yrr.H oiJiropo,na i1 ni.A,naHHSI iHllliiX IlOMOpCbK11X MiCT i HanepHeHH.H IIOMOp.HH ,AO xpHCTHSIHCbKOI aip11, npo T.H)f(K)' nopa3K)' npyccin i noMop.HH ni.ll I I (c. 23) HaKJIOM, npo Te, .HK noJI.HKM ,nniqi B3.H1111 HaK€Jl - y po3noni,ni npo KopoJI.H IioJieCJiana Kpi-moycToro c. 44, 45, 4 7. flpo Te, .HK IioJiecJiau KyqepHnm1 po36Hn npyccin i 3Hony npunia 1x ,no nocJJyxy i xpi1CTM.HHCbKOI nip11, nK noTiM 6ya HI1MI1 po3611TI1M, qJ1Tai1 y KHM3i nepwii1, c. 22 i 23. flpo 3pa.D.Hl1Ka Cn.RTonOJIKa, KOTporo noJibCbKI1i1 KopoJibllelllKO Einui-1 IlOCTaDMB CTapOCTOIO Ha,A IlOMOp.SIHaMM i KOTp11M y6I113 KOpOJI.H, CBOrO naHa, qJ1Tal1 y nepwiti KHM3i, c. 58. A .siK noMCTMBC.SI noMop.s~H aM JloKOTOK i 3MJCMB IX CllJiaTMTM 30 THCHq 3JIOTMX ,AaHHHM, qJ.1TaH y nepwii1 KHM3i, C. 75. flpo Te, .SIK niH noTiM po36Mn npyccis i 3aao10nas EpaH~eH6yp3bl<e Mapi<rpacpcTno, q11Tai1 B nepwiif KHI13i Hac. 77. A npo Te, .siK noTiM xpecTOHOCI.(i npMi1WJJI13 PMMY .AO p yccil Ha .l(OilOMOry Ma30BlilaHaM npOTI1 npyccaKiB, MTMMeTbC.SI ,na11i, Tenep )f(e KopoTeHbKO onMllleMo floMopcbKe KHR3iBCTBO.

IlOMOPCbKE KHJI3IBCTBO MbK floMopcbKOIO Ta floMepeJibCbKOIO aeMJieiO € aeJIMKa ai,nMiHHicTb. floMepeJibCbKa 3eM1l.si 3.l(aaHa TPMMa€ CTopoH}' KH.si3iB Pei1:xy, a sc.s~ floMopcbKa € noJibCbKMX Kopo11in. U:e 3aB)I(~" 6y11a oco61111Ba 3eMJI.si, KoTpa ail( flpyccil ai~.l(iJieHa piKaMH BicJioiO i Jlaai€10. U:st KpaiHa 6araTa, TSirHeTbCR B~ foJih3au;il a)f( .l(O IHcpn.s~H~il noHa,n. HiMel(hKMM MopeM, TOMY J1 Ma€ Tal<)' Haaay. A 3ri.l(HO 3i CJIOB 'HHChKOIO MoBOIO- floMop'H, T06TO 3eMJI.si, ~0 Jie)I(HTb IlOHa,!J. MOpeM. Y n;iJ1 KpaiHi 3~aB' u • u • • Ha )1(118 CJIOB .siHCbKI111 Hapo.l(, aJie Tenep nepeBIDKHO )f(I1B)'Tb )' Hll1 HlMIJ;l.

OCb R'Ki Micma i 3CLM1CU nouao Mope.M Jte:JJCam'b

BflOMopC'b?CiU 3e.M.Iti:

Illmemmu?t- MicTo, 3Bi.l(CI1 i1 IIITeTTMHCbKe KH.H:3iBCTBO npoaaaHe. Haiizapo, a6o Hal16ypr, .HKe Hami 3B)'Th HoBHM,- MicTo J1 3aMoK H~ caMOIO BiCJioiO. )l:ep)f(MTb J1oro EpHcT Bal1€p, 2 MHJii si~ fpy~ahOH.l(3a. CmapozapiJ, 9 MI1Jib B~ r~aHCbKa, 3aCHOBaHHH 1338 pOK)'. Jleuffypz (Lenburg), a6o JleM6ypr, MicTo ~o6pe 36y~oBaHe, i BnTOB, aaMOK i MicTeqKo; n:i ~sa noaiT11 noMopcbKi KH.si3i TPMMaJOTb JieHHHM npaaoM, O.l{HaK Oil( quHHOIO 10p11C,lti1KI_\i€10 K)'.SI:BCbKUX €IlUCKOiliB. EepzpaiJ, a6o B£nrp~, Koc€)1(11H, KaMeHen;b, lly6niH, fpi3eH6opr, CaH~e. IlloHeK, Oc€K, Ta.nbKeH6ypr, fpe6iH, fH€B, B€JiiH, KonoaiH, ,l(epmaB iT. ,A. , sci ~i H~ Bicnmo i Hal( iHmHMH piqKaMu Jie)f(aTb./ I (c. 24) Ocb n:i Mien Jie)f(aTb Hal( MopeM: llynbK, HKHH ~ep)l(HTb EpHcT Ban€p, n'JITb MWlb Bi.xt r,naHCbKa. • }:(Hs. iJ.tCHTHCIHHi:i MaJIIOHOK, ~0 CTaHOBHTb HH>KHIO ccaCTHHY MaJIIOHKa B KH. OpHriHaJI}').

459

I (c.198

KHHrA IV Tyxo.tr.R, MicTO i 3aMOK M)'pOBaHMH, MOrO .zr.ep>K11Tb r}J;aHCbKMH KaWTeJUIH. Ha?C61L, MicTo i 3aMoK H~ BeJIMKMMH 6onoTaMH, 6yno 36y.n.osaHe ~e 3a noraHnx.

Xexe.tt'b, 5 MHJih si}J; f.n;aHChKa, y KJIMHi Mop.s~; TaM JIOBJJ.HTh ocene.n;Qi. CttyxoB, DOT}')KHHM 3aMOK, .HKMI';i J];ep>K11Tb CTaHicnas JI.HTaJibCbKMH. Koui?C, MicTo MyposaHe, Hane>KMTb .AO CnyxoscbKoro 3aMKy. 6 TaM i iHtni MicTa H 3aMKI1, ~0 .HK Ha)J. MOpeM, TaK i ,AaJii Bi,A HbOrO ne>KaTb, HK-oT: KoniH6epr, KaMiH, KocniH, fpi6csanb.D., 3yH.n;, PeseKOJJb, 3a6iq, KoMepmTHH, ¢pi.n;JJHH.lJ., .HceHe~h; o.zr.Hi ~ini, iHwi nonycTomeHi. IOJiiH- ~e 6yJio 3HaHe MicTo y Qii1 KpaiHi, a Tenep .AO~eHTY BHHMmeHe: ):(OBrO 3a HbOfO BOIOBaJIH DOJI.HKM 3 DOMOp.HHaMH; O)J.HaK BCi MicQeBi >KHTeJii ni.zr.JierJii noJihCbKOMY KopoJiesi. .HKmo xoqem 6inbme 3HaTH npo iHwi MiCTa i 3aMKI1 QbOfO KH.H3iBCTBa, TO '-111Tai1 BapToma nanpOQbKOro, Map[~iHa] MypuHi.H, KpoMepa, MEXOBCbKoro i ,lJ.Jiyroma, KOTpi npo HI-IX DHCaJl.H ,AOCHTb WHpOKO. r~auCbK- rOJIOBHe Micro y Bciii TioMopchKii13eMJii, Ma€ B co6i TPH MicTa,

.n:o6pi MYP"· posu, BaJIM, sorHenanhHY 36poiO HaaeMHY i Ha cTiHax. BoHo E cToJIMQeiO, ronoso10 iHliiHX .zr.sox- CTaporo MicTa i JlomTaTa; MaE npeKpacHi KaM'.HHi CKJia.D.M.D.JI.H 36DioKH; noT)')KHHM MYPOM, .zr.e Tpe6a, o6HeceHo, ciM Ml1Jlb si.zr. Manh6opKa, npHI)K,Z.VKaiOt.~H 3 6oKY BeJIHKOi )KynaBH, see Ha BHCOKHX rpe6JI.HX H~ BiCJIOIO se.zr.e .n.o .n.osroro, mo CTOITb Ha .n.sa nosepx11, nepe.n.MicTR, KOTpi BOHM 3BYTb .D,OBfHM CeJIOM. Y MiCTi € BeJIMKHH KaM'.HHHl1: KOCTbOJI, si.zr. nonR- MicTOK i Mii..:(Ha .n;epes 'RHa 6paMa. ToM:, xro npoi)I(,L()Ka€ .n.osrHM ce11oM .AO cKJJa.zr.is, 6at.~HTb MYPOBaHY 6aurry 3 Be)l(eiO, a nepe.n. HeiO mwpoKMH pis, 3as)K)J;M DOBHM11: BO,ll.l1; t.~epe3 ~eM pis cnopy.n;)KeHMH MicT, qepe3 RKWM BeJyrh pi3He .zr.epeso .D.JIR 6y.l()'BaHHH if onaneHHJI. Tipoixasm11 si.zr. uiEi 6paMM t.~epe3 cKJia.D,I1, Tpe6a lxaTH .zr.o roJIOBHoro MicTa ~Iepe3 ni.zr.iioMHm1: MicT qepe3 MoTJiasy i qepe3 rapHo 36y.n.osaHY 6paM)', a TaM MoTnasa 3 MopR i 3 BiCJIM, BBa)KaH, ni.zr. caMi M}'PH MiCTa ni)J.XO)J.MTb. ,ZJ.e~O Blill.(e )1.0 MOpR npH JlJIOll.\i, a6o rpO.lJ.311CbKY, .n,e CTOSIB npeKpaCHHJ1: 3aMOK, y BJ13Hat.~eHl1Hl.JaC nepeKpvmaiOTb BO.D.M MOTJiaBM BeJil1Kl1Ml1 KOJIO.D.aMH, TaK Il.(O i HaHMeHUIHM '-IOBHOM He npOI1Jil1CTl1 )1.0 MiCTa, Onuc xi6a mo 3 .u.oJsony cTopo)Ki. He.n.aneKo si.zr. Qboro MicTa MoTJiasa .u.o BicJIH, JlJlmepHu a DOTiM .n;eCb 3a Ml1JIIO B 3aMO'-IKY JIRTepHi i BCH BiCJia Bna,n.a€ B Mope; a ~e Mic~e I I (c. 25) 3BYTh nopTOM. TaM )Ke 6iJI.H Qhoro 3aM0'-1Ka seJIMKHM KOWTOM .D.OBri i 11111pOKi KaM 'HHi XB11JiepiJ11 36y,nonaHi B MOpi; B L{bOM)' JaMO'-IKY I.l.{OHO"'i B3HMKY, KOJIH B)Ke KOpOTKi .D,Hi Ta TeMHi Hoqi, M)'CSITb DaJJHTH BeJIHKe 6araTTR y npMMimeHHi 3a;J)IR MOpHKiB. 3 .n,pyroro 6oKy .D.O KJJHWTopy 0JIMBH qepe3 nepe.n,MicTR .D.BOMa p}'KaBaMM, .D,OCMTb .D.06pe 3p06JJeHHMH, HaJBaHHMH lllo.zr.Pil(fl JI.HH)J., Teqe piKa Pa.zr.oMi.H. JIIO.D.CbKMM poJyMoM Bl.{MHeHo TaK, Il.(O so.na 6i)I(MTb PaiJo.M ill 91-(icma 8 'JTOAbup, iJe 8Jaemt>c..R uo6pe nu8o

Ha npeKpaCHMJ1: MJJHH no KaM'.HHOMY JIO)I(y. l.J.iif BO)J.i npHnHCYIOTb Te, I.l.{O y f,n:aHChKY po6JJSITb TaKe .n,o6pe qopHe flviBO, 60 B iHWOMY MiCI.~i, xoqa 6 CaMi r,naHChKi DHBOBapH MOrO sapHJIH i COJJO.D. po611JIM TaM 3 r)J.aHCbKOIO BO)J.OIO, He MO)I(e BOHO B,l\aTHCR TaKHM, .HK y f,l\aHCbKy. TaK CaMO 3 DHBOM, .HKe po6JJ.HTb s Hac y Bapui, B Pa.zr.oMi, CKWHHHi, lnJi, ,ll)l(eniui, fapnoJIMHi, fpa6osi, B Pani, n epeMHlllJii , H eMHponi, CaM6opi, HonoMy MiCTi, l..JeHCTOXOBi, EeJJJi, KaaMMMpi, JlesapTosi Ta iHUIHX, 6o ue He qHM iHilli1M SIK oco6JIMBOIO so,no10

460

KIIllrA IV )lOC.HraEThOI. TaM JKe ni)l. IJ.MM MiCTOM BicJia Te'I.Je W11pOK11M piq11u~eM i una)laE B MOpe 3a MHJIIO 3Ui)lCH.

f1 p11 IJ.bOM)' MiCTi € npeKpaCH11H110pT, HKHM CJia-

BJ.ITbCH B KopoHi IToJihCbKiH, DpyccbKiil Ta I1oMopcbKii1 3eMJii, 13B(Uf(ai1 no BCbOM)' CBiTi, BiH .D.)'IKC 00Tpi6HHH 6 a raThOM 3aMOpCbl<IIM I<pa"iHaM, npo-

!J(}a/ICbi(UU

nopm CJI alhw il

CKpi.Jb

BiHU,i.HM, KOpOJiiBCTBaM i ,lJ.aJieKHM 3eMJI.SlM. A,n.)Ke )lO HhOrO np116yaai0Tb KOpa6Jii 3 AHrJiii, EpHTaHii, illoTJiaH.n.ii, <l>paHu,ii, Icna Hii, lllneu;ii, )J.a Hii i Hopserii. TaKO)K 3 JlHTBH, Pyci, BoJIHHi, Do.n.iJIJIH i IToJihl.l"(i, C)'JlHOnJiaBHHMI1 piKaMH BOHH np11B03.HTb )).0 HbOrO TOBapM, HaCaMnepe.D. )Kl1TO, nweHHUIO, Ta iHilloro 36i)KJK.Sl seJIM'lJe3H)' KiJibKiCTb. Ue MicTo nepe6ysae ni.a. sna.UOIO nOJihCbKOrO KOpOJI.H, Ma€ KallJTeJI.HHa, )laHOrO MOM)' Bi)l KOpOJI.H; B .l{)'XOBHiH 10p11C.l{HK:U,ii Hl-IM KepyE KpaKiBChKIIM ETIMCKOll . oyprrpa<P 3 6ypMicTpOM i pai1uRMI1 noJio,n.iiOTb MicToM 3 KopoJiischKoro ,n.o3soJiy. MaM:)Ke Sci Mill(aHH HiMe:U,bKOrO Hapo.n.y, I<)'DUi CJiaBHi M 6araTi , 60 u.e MiCTO HCHMOnipHO BeJIUKe 3aB)l.HKH 6 )')l)'BaHHIO, rapHOM)' p03TawysaHHIO, pi3HI1M 3'I3.l{aM Ta HpMapKaM, 6JIH3bKiCTK> MOp.H i BicJIH, seJIH'lJC3Hii1 KiJibKOCTi MiC:U,eBJilX )J(JilTeJiiB, iH03eMHJilX K)'lliJ.iB Ta pi3HJilX npH6)'JibiJ.iB; TaKO)K CJiaBHe i MiCbKHMM 6araTCrBaMM, M BiMCbKOBMMH 3anacaMM, r a pMaTaMH i pi3HOIO BOrHellaJibHOIO 36p0€10 rOTOBC )lO Bi)l611TT.H KO)KHOrO BOpora; BOHO MO)Ke BB(Uf(aTHC.H o.n.HMM 3 Hai1:roJIOBHillllilX MicT €spon11. KopoTKO KIDK)"lJH , :u.e 6araTe, 3Ha'lJHC, CJiaBHe MicTO, i HeBi.D,OMO, '411 MOrJIH 6 JIIO)ll1 MaTH Kpall(e , a611 TinbKH nOCTiHHO npocHJIM focno)la nora, mo6 BiH IM )laB MO)K.JIMBiCTb 3po3)'MiTH i Bi)lqyTH cep:u,eM, I.l"(O HaJIC)KHTb 'lJHHMTH )l06p11M naCTHpHM, Il(06 naM'SITaJIJil BOHM nOBJilHHicTb, npo .HK)' cKa3aB focno.n.h Eor: «)l,ai1Te

(c.

26)

KecapiO Kecapeso, a Eorosi Bo)Ke». Parywa BeJIMKJilM , BBa)KaM KOpOJiiBCbKMM, KOIIITOM 36y.n.osaHa 3 BeJIMKOIO i BMCOKOIO Be)KeiO, .D,OCMTb € i KOCTbOJiiB Ta MOHaCT11piB, 36)'.D,OBaHHX 3 KaMeHIO, 30JIOTOM i cpi6JIOM npeKpacHO 03)l06JICHI1X. fOTCJib, KOTplilH Ha311Bai0Tb «feJib)la», Te)K .n.o6pe 36y.n.osaHHH. Ha paT)'Illi np11 ro.n.MHHincy, KOTpHi1 3p06JieHHM)lJilBOBI1)KH0 i JIKHMJilCb 30JIOTJilMI1 p}'KaMH, TaKi MaHCTepHO BIUOTOBJieHi .D,3BOHH, Il(O KO)KHOI rO)lHHH BI1.D,3BOHIOIOTb pi3Hi MeJIO)lii,

~e c.nyxa11is, JIIO.n,en pi3HHX Hapo.n.is, Hei1MosipHo ,n:nsye. Ui JIIO.D.H npH-

i)K)l)KaiOTb T)'.D.H norocTIOBaTM,

i lx CIO.D.H .n.o ro,u.MHHHKa npnso,u..HTb. MicTo

Ma€ BCi npH6}'TKI1 3 yro,n:H Ta OC06JIHBOI JiaCKH llOJibCbKHX KOpOJiiB, KOTpi paHime HaJie)KaJIH ,u.o r,u.aHCbKoro 3aMey. )J.o Toro )K f,u.aHCbK)' n iHwi 3aMo11KH i 3eMeJibKJil niAJIRraiOTb, .HK-oT: fpe6iQ, 3apnasa i1: Hep111-1ra i T. ,n:. Ca,u.H Ha )l{JilAJii:U,IO (Zydlicu) Il(e He 30BciM Bi,U.pO,U.HJIHCSI. J1icJI.H MHH)'JIOi BiMHH, KOTPY r,u.aHil(aHH seJIH 3i CTe<PaHoM BaTopieM, 6y11a nocTaBJieHa seJIHKMM KOWTOM O)lHa BeJIHKa Be)Ka Ha,ll. CaMHM MOpCbKHM nopTOM. Ha HiM 3aB)K)lH nepe6ysae 36poi1Ha cTopo)Ka 3i 36poeiO HanoroTosi, BoHa Hece sapry

s,u.eHh,

BHOlli. TaKO)K 3a MHJIIO si.n: f.n:aHCbKa po3TawosaHo KJIHmTop, Il(O

Ha3HBa€TbCH 0JIHBa, BiH 6ys 36)')l0BaHHH

1178 pOK)' DOMOpCbKHM KHSI3eM

CaM6opH)'COM. Qei1: KJI.HIIITop 6ys 3Hiilll\eHHH siciM pa3iB, i He TiJibKil noraHHMJil npyccaMH, a

MCaMHMH xpeCTOHOC~SIMH Ta XpHCTHSIHaMH.

Kopozea eciei' llpycCbKoi. 3eMAi i floMojx:bKoi"': "Wjmuu opel£, RKuu mfruMae .Metta A'IOOCb1C010 /JYK010, i3 SOJUJ11U)10 1Co/J01W10, 8 3o.ttOmOMJ nMi. Ue i 6 2ejJ6, Jl.?C MU 8U!«8, 'Ita 1W'lam1CJ ?Jiei 1CHUZU 8UCJUJ8UAU U OnUCQJl.U.

3HamHicmb .Micma 9UaHCbl(a

KHMrA IV

qACTMHA III KHHrH rv, • u

•

B .HKllf l)J;eThC.H

IIPO IIO~TOK I P03MHO)I(EHH.H HIMEIJ;bKHX XPECTOHOCQIB, IIPO 11PHqJ1HM lXHhOrO IIPHXOW ,n:o IIPYCCii

!!Ttnamol(_ i(JJCCmO· kOCI,!.i8

1188 poKy ni.n Pi3,Ana focno.na XpHcTa

3a '-m cin naHysaHHH B €pycaJIMMi xpHcTMHHCbKOro KopoJIH EaJI.n.yiHa noraHi capaqHHM TaK npMTHCHYJIM xpMCTHHH, m:o ii CKa3aTM He MO)KHa. Eo qi noCbJ(pZO opiJeHy raHi, B3$1Bllll1 y xpMCTHHH BCJIMKC MiCTO i nory)KHMH 3aMOK, Ha3BaHHH 0TOJIOMCI)J.e (Ptolomeide), JiaTMHOIO- Axoue (Akone), a no-HiMel..'(hKM- AKpic

1!Te0moH·

!/To~iJ i(JJUCmuJIH C8.~tmoi Jt.MIIi

iJo

(Akris), '1MHMJIH 3 HbOrO '1aCTi Hana)J,M i po6MJII13 HbOrO xpHCTMHHaM BeJIMKi llJKO)J.M. no6a'1WBlllM I..'(e, KOpOJib EaJI.AYIH Hera:HHO HanMcan )J.O iHlliMX xpMCTMHH, I I (c. 27) npocH'1M npo .n.onoMory npoTM noraHMX. Ha I.UO ni:HHy BHiiUIJIO UiiCT,ACCHT raJiep iTaJiiiiqiB, JiaHro6ap.n.iB, BCHCI..'(iaHI..'(iB, KOTpi BMil.l{yBaJIW n '.HT.lJ.CC.HT TMC.H'1 ni:Hcbi<a, roTonoro .AO 6o10. TaKO)K i3 <t>paHqii, HiMe'1'llMHW, CaKCOHCbi<oi 3CMJii, Pe:HHy, i 3 Jlio6ei<a, KeJibHa Ta iHwMx HiMel..'(bKMX MiCT 'lJMMaJIO ll060)KHMX JllO)J.eH BI1pywMJIO i )J.JIH npoBi,AaHHH I..'(MX Micl..'(b, i ,U.JIH nop.HryHKY cnoix. Pxu.J,apcbKi JIIO)J.M 3po6MJIM co6i )J.JIH I..'(bOro KOpa6eJib, Ha3BaHMH «KpaKC» (Krake), y .HKOMy, 30KpeMa, 6yJio )J.O 500 .D.ylll, KOTpi np116yJIM ni.n. caMy AKoHy. XpHCTHHHH o6JIHrJIM neJIMKOIO noryro10 MicTo AKoHy i lliTYPMYBaJIM :Horo n poTHfOM QiJioro poKy, He3BruKaiO'llM Ha csoi seJIHKi BTpaTH. TaM 6yno "t.J:MMaJIO xpMcTH.HH, nopaHeHMX sopo)KHMM TIOCTpiJiaMH, TaKO)K i XBOp11X, KOTpi Jie)KaJII1 TaM, .HK TO 6yBa€ Ha BiHHi, 6e3 )KO)J.Horo .n.orJIH.D.y; qacTMHa lx noMHpana ni.n. rono.n.y i TH)KKMX paH. TaM 3HaHlliJIOCH To.n.i niciM 6oro6oH3HHX MY)KiB 3-noMi)K HiMCU,bKHX npH6yJihl..'(iB, KOTpMx xpHCTH.HHCbKa JII06os np11nena .n.o Taro, m:o BOHH no'llaJIM oniKysaTMCH 1..'(11MI1 XBOpMMM . Mi)K HMMI1 6ys O)J.MH MiU~aHMH 3 Jlro6eKa, 11KI1H .n.as siTpMJIO 3 KOpa6JIH «KpaKe» i, .HK yMiB, 3po6HB 3 HbOrO HaMeT; ni.n. I..'(CH HaMCT 3i6pa.JIMC.H nopaHCHi, XBOpi H KaJiiKM, HHMH TaM oniKyBaJIHCH 3 BCJIM· KOIO npau,e10 Ta KOlUTOM, IM ,lJ.aBaJIM piJHi 3iJIJIH, MaCJia, TIWTBO Ta)J.o6pyi)Ky, BHaCJii)J.OK 'lJOrO 3 TIOMi'll'lliO 00)1<010 Ta 3aB)J.HKH peTCJihHHM CTapaHHHM 'lJHMaJIO 3 HMX o.n.y)KaJIO. Ko;111 )K xp11CTMHHI1 3.n.o6y;nt AKoHy , a qe 6yno 1190 poKy, TO)J.i I..'(HM XB0p11M 6yJIO ,naHO MOHaCT11p CB.loaHHa, .HKHH paHilliC 36y.AysaJIM pHu,api-xpMcTHHHH 3 Po.n.ocy. CTaplliHMM Ha.n. KOCTbOJIOM

462

KHMrA IV nocTanneHo IUIX uiciM My)KiB. i tM 6y1ro J~aHo xnop11x ni)l oniKy, mo6 JUfMH 3aHMaJ111C.H. Opn l~bOMY KOCTbOJii 6yn .Uy)Ke rapi-Il1H Ca)J., KOTpllti u,i 6oroMOJlhHi M)')Ki K)'BI1Jlll )J.JI.H XBOpHX y6onfX JliO)J.eil; 3 Ol..(bOfO CaAy XBOpi 0Tp11M)'Ba.Jm pi3Hi nJI0.[\11 Ta iHWi KOpHCHi pOCJIJ1HI1, p03KiWHC 3iJIJISJ Ta ~HIMaJJO iHwHx piaHnx niKis. TaM )KC y I..( hOM)' MicTi AKoHi BOHH J6y.nyaan11 wm-tTaJJh Ha tieCTb Haiicnsnimoi )l.is11 Mapil, a HacaMnepe.n )J.JISJ noxnanH focno.ny I>ory. €.nnHoMy u Tpii1Qi. 3a lxHiM npMKJia;J.OM Koponh Ean.uyiH Blli1HHB TaK cal\-10 i B €pycaJIJ1Mi, a u:ei1mnHTaJJb Ha3nan, HK in AKoHi, Hai1cBSJ.Tiwol )l.ia11 Mapil. BiH .no Toro )I( nocTaBI1B cTapmHx y HhOM)', KOTpi 6 MaJJH oniKyaaTHOf XB0p11MJ1 Ta nopaHCHHMM. I MaricTp, nocranneHm1 Ha;J. LV1MI1 rocniTanbepaMM,- Fe~ipix ¢on BanOJl,om (Wapoftlz), KOTpH11: 3i CB0€10 6paTiEJO, KOTpa O)J.)')KaJJa, Ta 3 iHWMMH pHuapSJMH fpo6a focnOAHboro Man nenMKe w.acrn: I3)J.HB Ha ni11Hy ry.nM, K)'.UH 6yJio Tpe6a, i .uanan nOT}')KJ-IY ni,ndq noporaM. )l.o u,boro Op.n.eH)' noTiM BCT)'llHJlO .ZJ.)')KC 6araTO KHSJ3iB i rpaq>iB, HiMCJ~bKHX IllJISJXTI11.JiB. ilepllloro poKy IX 6yno 35, BOHM BCJIM ,ll)')KC no60)KHJ1M cnoci6 )KMTTSJ, BOIOBaJIM 3 yciMa seJIMKHMH noporaMM I I (c. 28) Ca. XpecTa. ilpHKJia)J.OM csoro CBSJro6JIMBoro )KJ1.TTSJ BOHI1 np11BCJIH .D.O no60)KHOCTi t.JHMaJIO HCBipHHX, KOTpi np11rli$1,ZI.a.JII1CSI /1..0 HHX i KaJaJJH, W.O U:i M}')Ki CBSJTMM CTaH B ycix B'1.JI1HKaX craBJISITb noHa.n yce. l..JMMaJJO, HaCJii.nyJO'l.JM lx npMKJia.D., npMHHSJJIO xpMCTMSJHChK)' Bipy, ,n.ai01.JJ1Cb xpeCT11TI1C.H, Ha)J.aBaJJM )J.O QMX WllHTaJiiB '-IHMaJIO .no6pa, a ui mn11Tani t.JMM .nani, TMM 6iJibllle po3BMBaJIMCSI, SIK i u:el1 Op.n.eH. A KOJIM .SIKMM naH noMHpas y Cs.Hril1 3eMJii, TO KO)KCH 3 HMX 3anosi.n.an Ha lllllHTaJib tUt:Ma.JJO pyxoMoro MaHHa; SIKIUO TaKO)K KOTpHH 3Ha'1.JHHH M}')K npHi)K)J.)KaB .no uiei 3eMJii, TO i1 TaKHH m:e.n.po o6.n.apoaysan IllllHTaJii, npoCSJ'l.JH, UJ.06 oniK)'BaJIHCSI B60rMMH, .SIK i B Hallli t.JaCH HC 3a6ys )''-IHHHTH EpyCaJJHMCbKHM t.JCHU.HM Pa.D.3HBillJI; ui 'IJCHUi npu fpo6i rocnO)J.HbOM)' Bi,D.npaaJI.HlOTb xsa..rry Eo)K)'. Ue niH IllHpoKo on11cye y cnoiii «DeperpuHauii)). IloTiM uei1 IllllHTaJibHMH MaricTp OTPHMaB 6araTO pei<OMeH.n.au:iHHMX JIHCTiB si.u xpHCTH.HHCbKHX naHiB ,li.O nanu UeJieCTHHa III :H iMnepaTopa feHpixa VI, 3 SIKHMH nocJiaB EpycanHMCbKoro naTpiapxa .no PHM)', i TOH .no611BC.H Ha xte:H HiMeU:bKHH xpecTOHOCHMH Op.neH KoH<f>i pMau,ii 1191 poK)', )J.aBillH iM THT)'JI, ll{06 BOHH lli1CaJIHC.H: ((EpaTi.H HiMC1..(bKOrO .ZJ.OM)' llilli1Ta.JJIO ,l.J;isu Mapii B €pyca.JIHMi», )las iM TaKO)K 3a rep6 '10pHMH xpecT i HaKaJaB HOrO HOCHTH, ,naB )'CTaB op.neHy CB, AaryCTHHa 3 yciMa CTaT)'TaMH, B'IJHHKa-

'llinumaJib :JiaiidJnmiuwi 'DiGu {} 5ii(!JHi

'llirt umaJI" 1{ai1c8nmiwoi 'DilJu

G EpycaAu.Mi

l.Afazicmp ){pecmouontozo

OpiJeHy

'lljei)picmb 6iJr tHCbl(pZO 8oe8oiJu PaiJ,Ju8i.Jur.a UJOiJo

epyca.Jiu.M· CI•JCJLt UH#/

MH J1: BOJibHOCTSIMH. QH KOH<f>ipMaxtiH i rep6116yJiu npnHeceHi pu~apcbKO.. MY MaricTpy .no €pycanHM)', i ue:H npuai7Ie:H 6yJio npo"tJHTaHo 3 BeJIHKOIO no· WTHBicTJO Ta xtepeMoHi.HMH. TaM )Ke epycanHMCbKi naTpiapxn a6paJIH 6pari10 ~boro Op.ueH}' a ,D.opori 6i7Ii nJiaud, Ha KOTpux cnepe.ny i 333JQ' 6ya 'IOpHHH xpecT; TaKe )I( y6paHH.H H iHUii llOTiM HOCHJIH. A THX 6paTiB, KOTpi ~10 iHBCCTHT}'py a6o 'lepHe"'HH O,li..Hr 6panH, 6yJio ciM CB.Hll{eHHKiB Ta )J.Ba.nJ.VITb "'OTHpH CBiTCbKi UI.nSIXTHt.Ji. UMM 6yJio .U03BoJieHo npH 36poi, Met~ Mtca6Wtrpa6AtHtJ npHnO.HCaBWH, Bi;(npaBJISITH Mecy. )l(o.n.eH 3 HHX He CTpHr 6opO,AH, BOHH J npunacoCDaJIH Ha MiiDKaX, HallXaHHX COJIOMOIO, 3ri,AHO 3 YCTaBOM, aJie HeB)J.OB3i ~e 61JHU)&u .MtU.Acu 3MiHHJIH, 6o, JIK rosopJITb, aa .nocTaTKOM l%.ne po3nycTa. Ue~ nepwHH

463

KHHrA IV MaricTp IJJllHTaJIIO .l{imi Mapil feHpix cpoH BanoJibT yxsan11n i iHwi nop.R.zt· KH Op.zteH)', a caMe:

1) mo6 6paT, .RKMH sncrynMTb npoTM ycTany, Hi ni.zt Koro

He 6yn cy.zt:>KeHHH, TLnbKM ni.n caMoro MaricTpa Op.neHy a6o .>K si.n TOro. Koro 6 niH Ha Qe npMaHat.IMB; Kapy >K BMMip.RHO TaK)', npo KOTPY HixTo i3 qy:>KMX He 3HaB 611; 2) npH3Hat.IHB npii co6i cy,n.n10 Ha,n pHQapcbKOIO 6paTi€IO i ,nan MOM}' npano noraMosynaTM Mi>Kyco6Hi '-mapM, a HecJiyxHHHMX KapaTM; 3) npH3Hat.IIiB tJHTaTM nenHy KiJibKiCTb paain «OT\Ie Ham» cniTCbKHM JIIO,Z:VIM. Ha QbO· MY ypH.Zd niH >KMB poKin ,necHTb. IloMep B AKoHi i TaM 6ys noxonaHMH. II MaricTpoM xpecTOHOCHMM nicJI.R feHpixa ifion BanoAoma 6yn o6pazyecmo· noq~i6 HMH I I (c. 29) Ommo Kapneu (Ka~pen), HiMeQbKMM lllJIHXTM\1. Ue 6yJio 3a qacin iMnepaTopa <l>iJiina II Ta nan11 pHMCbKoro lHoKeHTiH III, a TaKO)K

II M~Uicmp

nOJibCbKOro KopoJIH Met.~MCJiana CTaporo poK)' 1200. Uei:f MaricTp CJIY)KMB y npocToTi [ cep.n.etJHii1], a 3a cnoro )I(HTTH ,nan Op.n.eHY HacaMnepe.n ne'llaTK)' npo.nonrynary 3 si.n.6MTKOM opJia, Ha .HKOMY CH.ZJ.HTb ,l{isa MapiH 3 HeMOBJIHM, a 6iJI.H HHX - CTapHH Moc11K .no qacin pi.n.pixa Ilepmoro, MaricTpa Qboro Op.neKOTpHi:f II noTiM cKacynan. 3a t.~acin :Qboro * Kapneua B IH<PmiH,ll.ii 3'.RBHJIHCSI 6paTH £Hci¢epi, 11{0 HOCHJIH Met.Ia; BOHM llOTiM o6'€.ZJ.HaJIMCH 3

"Y·

I I I J.UUicmp

puljtlpi8· zyQJ.w8Hul(j6

I'll )tazicmp !lU-t. :xce

Capagunu Ja-t_onUJI.u EpycaJluM yzyucmuRK XpecmoHocr;i Duma Hi J Cupii ?(pHpaiJ

py 6iiJ npycci6

Hl )1Cl6 M U

npycchKHMH xpecTOHOCI.VIMH. UeH. MaricTp, npo6ynm11 Ha ypH.ni micTb poKiB, noMep i 6ys noxonaHHM y A.KoHi. III MaricTp pMQapin fpo6a focno,ztHboro TepMau EpauiJ 3 Mb3acy 6yn o6paHMH 1206 poKy 3a qacin iMnepaTopa <l>iJiina II Ta nan11 IHoKeHTiSI. BiH t.IOTHpH poKH CJIY)KHB y 6i,nHOCTi, llOMep i 6yn llOXOBaHHH B A.KoHi. IV MaricTp xpecToHoCQin- TepMan ¢on 3Mo?&, Mei1ceHCbKHH IliJIHXTH'll, m.o :>KMB 3a qacin iMnepaTopis OTToHa i pi.npixa II Ta 3a nan IHoKeHTiSI TpeTboro i1 foHopiSI TpeTboro. Ha ypH.ZI. niH 6ys o6paHHH 1218 poK)', KOJIH B IloJihiiJ.i KopoJIIOnan MetJMCJiaB CTapMH. l.(ei1 .nicTan ni.n nan11 :H iMnepa· TOpa <l>pi.npixa p11,n ,n;y:>Ke sa)K)IMBHX npMniJieln i Ha,naHb ,ll.JI.H Qhoro Op.n.eHy. Eo KOJIM nana 3 iMnepaTopoM BT.HrJIMC.H y rJIH6oKy BHYTpimHIO yco6H:QIO, siH 3i CB0€10 My.ztpiCTIO Ta BHCOKHM po3yMOM CTaB nocepe.ZJ.HHKOM Mi:>K HMMH i BTMWHB yco6H:QIO. 3a qacin i1oro MaricTepcTna .no Op.n.eHY ncrynHB KoHpa.n. MapKrpa~ <fJOH ,ll,ypHHr, ni.zt MOrO BJia,ll.OIO 6yJIO ,li;Bi TMCSI\Ii HiMeQbKMX IIIJUIX· THtiiB, nci 3 naconaHMX pm.\apin; Kepynan HMMM noBHHX TPH.ZJ.:QHTb poKis. 3a HOrO HeU~aCHOrO naHyBaHHSI capa:QMHM BH.U.epJIH 3 XpHCTHSIHCbKOI BJia,ll.H €pycanMM i 3axonMJIM i1oro, a xpecTOHOCQiB BHrHaJII1 reTb i3 C11pil. A :Qe, neBHO, 3a SIKiCb rpixH, 60 cy,n; focnO.ztHiM € Ta€MHHM. L(i xpeCTOHOC:Qi BTeK· JIM noTiM .no iMnepaTopa pi.n.pixa, npoc.sPIM npo Micue, .ne 6 DOHM MorJIM 3ri,ll.HO 3i CBOIM 3BJ11Ia€M 3acHyBaTM MOHaCTHp i TaM 6yTM )l.O KiHI..Vl, HK BOHM ,nan11 o6iTHMUIO Eory. IMnepaTop He 3a6opOH.HB IM :Qhoro i npH3HatiMB neBHe MicQe .ztJI.H npo)KHBaHH.H. TMM qacoM 1227 poKy KoHpa.u. Ma3oBeUhKMH 3a3HaBaB 'lJaCTMX Hana,niB Bi.IJ. CBOIX npMKOp.ztOHHHX cyci,nin- npyccin, KOTpi 6yJIM :Horo roJIOBHMMM soporaMH. KoHpa.n sis cniH: Hapo.A si.n nOJibCbKMX KOpOJiiB, aJie 6yn OCi6HMM Bill. HMX, a ,AO TOro )K i He BOifOBHI·I \IHM; 3a nopa,ll.OIO xeJIMiHCbKoro enMcKona KpHcTHHa nonpocnu y iMnepaTopa <t>pi.npixa,

464

KHHrA IV ll-(06 TOri npi-tCJiaB iiOMy Ha ,nonOMOry npOTH npycciB-$13111.1HMI<iB OQHX XpeCTOHOCQiB. n ocJiaB Tai<O>K CaMOro €1l11CI<Ona.no xpecTOHOCQiB, y P11M, nparHytnl, l.l.\06 noHu npni>K.lJ.:>I«UII111.0 Hhoro, a niH IM .o.acTb .o.o6pe YTPHMaHH$1 y csoii1 .nep>Kani. I I (c. 30) l MnepaTop <J>pi.npix oxo1.1e nocJias iioMy QMX 6paTiB, KOTpnx 6yJio 20 000 . .HI< TiJihKH xpecTOHOCQi np116yJIH, KHSI3b KoH-

'lfolrty npu·

pa.n .nas iM XeJIMiHCbK)' 3eMJIIO i see, I.l{O po3TamosaHe Mi>K pii<aMM BicJIOIO,

iJo npyccii

UWJIU J(pCCmOIIOCiji

Moi<poiO i ,ll,pneHU.OIO, 6o niH l(i .rtepmasu Man si.n nOJI$1I<iB , a noJISIKH B3SIJIH lx (noTiM]

y xpecTOHOctdn oci6Ho. To.ni

KoHpa.rt ni.ncrynHBL(i 3eMJii xpec-

TOHOCU.liM 3 YMOBOIO, a6H BOHH CTapaHHO i JlOCTii:hiO DOIOBaJIH 3 .H3HtiHHKaMH 3a Xp11CTH$1HCbK)' Bipy, a KOJIH B>Ke ni.U,KOp.HTb j 3aCI10J<0$1Tb IX, TO ll.(06 110sepHyJIM HOMY a6o i1oro noTOMKaM XeJIMiHCbK}' 3eMJIIO. A iHmi 3eMJii, HKi 6

Y)otoOu, nccmaiJMHi zyecmc· HCC!jJtM

BOHH 3.n.o6ym1 B Dpyccil a6o 3 nopa.n11 ri.n.HHX mo.nei1, TaKO>K p03.LI.iJIHJIH 3 KHSI3eM Ma30BeQbKHM Ta HOrO Hal.l{a,nKaMH. flOJiliKaM >Ke, 60 Qi € xpM:CTHSIHaMH, ll.l06 He '-111HMJIH Hi$1KHX lllKO.U, a6o I<pHB.l{, 1.1.{06 He ,naBaJIH B ce6e npHTYJIKY >KO.llHOMY soporosi noJIRKiB i He .n.onoMaraJII1 QHM soporaM aHi pa.nmo, aHi CHJIOIO, aJie npoTH noraHI1X i soporis Cs. XpecTa .z:tonoMaraJIH noJIRKaM,

.u,e 6 TiJibKH 6yJia y QbOMf 110Tpe6a. A RKI..l{O

)I(

QbOrO He Bl.IHHHJIH 6 a6o B

1.10MfCb nopymHJIH 6 CTaTTi nopo3yMiHHR, TO,ni qepe3 CBOIO HeB.l{Rl.IHiCTb MaJIH BTpaTHTH .n.o6po. TaKa 6yJia yro.a.a Mi>K KoHpa,noM, KHR3eM Ma3oseQbKHM, i 3ra,naHoiO 6paTi€IO - xpecTOHOCQ$1MH. Bee Qe TaKO>K cTsep.rtHB i cxsaJIHB pHMCbKHH n an a cs. fpuropii1 ,ll,es'RTHH. KpiM Toro, .nan IM TaKo>K KHR3b KoHpa,n ,ll,o6>KHHCbK}' 3eMJIIO i 3aMOK H€masa s Ky.s~sCbKii1 3el'YfJii. TaKo>K i nJIOQbKHH €11HCKOn fe.neoH .n;as iM si.n. csoro €nHcKoncTBa .z:teRKi .nec.s~TM:HH i CeliO 3 BeJIHKHM OCTpOBOM. l.J;IO yx:BaJIY xpeCTOHOCQi 3aTa.IJIH, aJie npHBiJie:H i3 30JIOTOIO 6yJIJIOIO iMnepaTopa <l>pi.npixa II CTapaHHO 36epiraJIH, 6o HHM 6yJio ni.nTsep.n»<eHo Ha,naHH.SI iM y .n.ep»<asy XeJIMiHCbKOi Ta ,LI:o6»<HHCbKoi 3eMeJib. AJie IX KH.SI3b KoHpa.n. 30BciM He .z:tasas HaBilJHO. qepe3 Qe ni):(Tsep.n.»<eHHSI iMnepaTopa <l>pi.n.pixa llOTiM 6yJIH BeJIHKi BiHHI1 Mi>K xpeCTOHOCQRMH Ta 110JI.SIKaMH, a»< HenpaBHJlbHi npHBiJiei 6yJio 3JiaMaHO. 0T>Ke, ciM HaHrOJIOBHiliii1X KOMrypiB, MaiOl:.IH ni.a. CB0€10 BJia}l.OIO ,l{Ba}l.Q.SITb THC.$11:.1 xpecTOHOCHoro puQapcTsa, B3RJIH Ha ce6e o6opoHY nOJI.SIKiB Ta Ma3osmaH si):( noraHHX npyccis. HacaMnepe.n BOHH ociJIH B ,LI:o6>KHHCbKi:H 3eMJii, 3a-

XpecmoJWc~i

JacHg8411u CHYSaJIH cnoqaTK)' 3 Qboro 60K)' BiCJIH <PopTeQIO ,li:eM6osy- ssa»<a:H, Hanpo- t])u6c8 TH Top}'H.SI, KOTPY HHHi Ha3HBaiOTb ,LI:116os. 3si.ncH, nHJihHYIOl:.IH 3a npyc-

ChKHM noraHCTBOM, BOHH 3as,naBaJIH IM UIKO.l{H, tiaCTO-ryCTO CTpiJI.SIIOlJH qepe3 BiCJIY. TioTiM 3 .nonoMoroiO non.s~Kis i Ma30BUiaH BOHH no'laJIH npu6opK}'BaTn npyCChKHX noraH, cnycTOUIYIOl:.IH i HHll.(a'lH IXHi 3eMJii; DOTiM Top}'Hb i EnL6JIOHr Ta inUii MicTa i JaMKH, ll.(O Jie>KaTb 6in.s~ nnx, npoT.s~roM KopoTKOro qacy o6HeCJin KaM'.SIHHMH cTinaMn; a Poro3HO i XeJIM, MicTo ii 3aMOK, ..SIKi BOporu niCJIR B3.SITT.SI 06MYPynaJIH, B3RJIH; 3a tcy>Ke KOpOTKHH qac BOHH BKopeHHJIHCb i 3MiQHiJin TaK, mo npyccH-SI3HtiHHKH MYC11JIH si.npa3y si.ncT}'IlHTH 3 XenMiHCbKoi 3eMJii. TioTiM fepMaH <PoH 3aJib[( noMep i 6ys noxosaHHH y EepniHi. I I (c. 31)

V MaricTp xpecToHocuis KoHpaO,

K1tJl3b

¢o1t l(ypuH?,

Qen ypR.n 3a 'lacis noJibChKoro xopona Tiy,nHKa ii

465

6ys o6paHHH Ha iMnepaTopa «<>pi.npixa II

KHMfA IV Ueii MaricTp npoBa~ .U.HB BeJIHKi u TPMBani siiiHH npoTH npyccis, 3 seJIMKOIO npal.\eiO Ta c-rapaH·

1240 poK)'. Ue cTa.nocJI a BeJIHKOIO .lJ)IJI Bcix pa.nicTro.

HHM po3wup11s Kop.u.oHu ,u.oBi peHHx i1oMy 3eMeJib. JI.Kmo 3aMKM 'IH Micra 6yJIH CJia6KHMH, TO 3a6eaneqysas ix MypaMH, Be)KaMH i pi3Horo 36poero. TaKO>K i lliniHyc, npyccbKiiH KHH3b, :mopcTOKHH s6HBQ.H xpHCTH.HHCbKHX 'B6u6lji zyucmWlH

8iiht.nauni fJJae.MHuM IJ6u6cm8oJ.t !!Tpycc~>l(j

zyecmonoca;i o6'6UHlJ.IIuC.JI J inf)JLJlHU· CbJ(JJ.MU

36yuoiJaHo

?(p!Jlle8eyb

o/1 /ofalicmp zyearwHoca;i6

(171.J!mui1 .ltn.umt>

ua '(PHi

xpucmrumu po;zpoM.IIeui

JIIO,u.eii, 36y.zzysaB Ha o3epi nory*HY cpopTeQIO, a Qe 03epo ii,u.oci Ha3MBaiOTb TiiniHOBI1M 03epoM. BiH xoTiB 3Bi,ncH "'MHHTH wKo.o:y xpecTOHOCIJ..HM, aJie Ti uoro BHnepe,u.HJIH, B3RBWM uro cpopTel{IO, a iioro caMoro cnii1MaJIM, po3v • • , • • v nopOJIH HOMY )KHBIT 1 npMB Sl3a.JIH O.U.Hl€10 KHWKOIO .u.o .u.epesa 1 BO.U.:HJIH Horo HaBKOJIO .nepesa .noTH, .li.OKH BHTHrJIM 3 H&oro sci KHIIIKM. TaK HOM}' 3anJiaTHJIM 3a s6HBCTBO xpHCTHRH. lloTiM npycc&Ki xpecTOHOCQi, mo6 MY*Hillle J(aBaTH Bi)J,ci"' R3H'iHMKaM, 3'€,lJ.HaJIHCSI 3 iHcpJlHHJ(CbKHMH xpeCTOHOCl{.SIMH Ta 3 ixHiM MaricTpoM BoJibKBiHycoM yKJianH siqHy}'HiiO; ,u.a.n11 iM TaKo:m csiu rep6, mo6 o6H,u.sa op.neHM HOCHJIH 6iJii nJJami 3 qopHHM xpecToM. Ue ixH€ 3'e,u.HaHHSI ni.nTsep.nHB nana fp11ropii1 IX npHsiJieeM i 30JIOTOIO 6yJIJIOIO. 3MiQHHBIIIHCb BHaCJii)J.OK l{bOfO 3'€)J.HaHHSI, BOHH 6MJIH 3Bi_nyciJib noraHHX JIHTOBQiB Ta npycciB, y qoMy IM ,li.OllOMara.Jia He3fO,ll.a Mi)K CaMOIO JIHTBOIO. 3a qaciB llaH)'BaHHSI IJ,bOfO MaricTpa xpeCTOHOCQi llOCTaBHJIH Ha O.U.HHf ropi B MMy,u.c&KiH 3eMJii 3aMoK KpyJieBel{b, 6iJI.H SIKOro Hes.u.on3i BHHHKJIO MicTO, y KOTpOMY llOTiM MariCTpH Ma.JIH CBOIO CTOJIHI..\10. 3Bi)J.TH BOHH MaJIH .u.y)Ke 3pyqHm1,u.ocryn ,li.JISI 3aBOIOBaHHSl SI3H'iHHQbKHX 3aMKiB. flpo 1..\bOfO MaricTpa nHwyrb, lltO BiH o.u.pa3y ni3HaBaB .U.YMKH KO)KHOI JIIO.LJ.HHH, .U.OCHTb 6yJio HOMY Ha Hei norJISIHyrH. BiH naHysas Ha 1..\bOMY ypH.u.i 12 poKiB, a noTiM noMep i 6ys noxosaHHM y Manb6opKy. lHllli nHwyrh, mo KpyJieseQb 6y11o 3acHosaHo KoHpa.u.oM cpoH OcTepJiiHroM, lliOCTHM MaricTpoM. Alle xTo 3acHysas, TOM 3acHysas, a ue MicTo e KopHCHHM 6araTbOM Hapo.o:aM. VI MaricTp xpecTOHOCQiB Konpaa flonne ¢on OcmepAinz 6ys o6paHMH 1252 poKy 3a naaysaHHSI EoJiecJiasa CopoM '.H3JIHnoro, iMnepaTopa KoHpa.o:a IV Ta IHOKeHTi.H rv, nanH. ~eM nposa.nus y pi3Hi qacw qHMa.no 3HaqHHX BOEH 3 npyccaKaMH, iH¢JI.HH.U.IJ;SlMH, 3 noMopchKHM KH.sJ3eM CBHTonoJIKOM. lli.u. qac Moro naHysaHHSI JIHTOBCbKHM KH.H3b MeH.u.osr npHMH.HB xpucTHRHCbi<f Bipy, ane KiJibKa pa3iB Bi.U.piKaBOI Bi.l( Hei. flpo [\e Ma€11I y KHH3i II B onHci JlHTOBCbKHX KHR3iB, c. 10 i 11. ~eM MeH.u.osr 6ys me :mopcToKiWHM .LJ.O XpHCTH.SIH. JIKOCb y 61iTBi JIHTBH 3 xpecTOHOCQSIMH CTaJIOCSl TaK, lltO noqaB TiKaTH O,li.HH noraHCbKI-1113ariH, 3a HHM UOrHaBCJI CaKCOHCbKHH lllJISIXTH'tJ feHepap.u.yc. BiH CT.HB O.LJ.HMM y.u.apoM roJiosy O.U.HOMY 3 yriKaqis, o.u.HaK TOM M'tJaB .u.ani, xoq i He.u.a.neKO, Ja CB0€10 .u.py:mHHOIO, I I (c. 32) a noTiM ynaB. lloTiM xpHCTHJIHH nilllJIH ,li.O llpyccii, a KOJIH B'IXaJIH B cepe,li.HHY IX 3eMJii, TO 3aJ1HlllHJIH qaCTHHY BiMChKa rrpH Bii1:cbKOBHX 3arracax Ta o6o3i, a caMi nory:mHo nilliJIH .u.ani. KoJIM noraHJ1 .u.oui,u.a.JIIIC.H npo ue si.u. mnHIJ'HiB, TO 06MHHYJIH 60MOBe XpHCTHHHCbKe BiMCbKO H panTOBO B.U.apHJIH Ha THX, XTO 3aJIHllJHBCSl np11 BiMCbKOBHX 3anacax, i po36HJIH IX, aTe, lltO 6yno y Ta6opi, poJmapnaJIH. floTiM BOHI1 B.U.apHJIH Ha 60HOBe Xp11CTU.SIHCbKe niiicbKO. KoJIH * 3iTKH)'JIHCSl Mf>KHbO 3 o6ox 6oKin, TO Hawi nosoni focno.u.a 6y;m po36wri, a .H3HqHHKH 3aJIHUJHJIH 3a co6o10 noJie 6uTuu. TaM IllnHKOJih

466

KHIIfA IV (Schynkol), rpa<P 3 oHTeHa i rpacp 3 Peii.n.eHyM, MY)l{HbO npo6MoaJO'-HfCh ttepe3 oopo)l{i 3arOH Ji, JanmyJJM 3 6iJJumicTJO p11~apcTaa HiMeJ.J,bKo"i mnRxTn; R3Hl.IHiiKI1 )I{ Ha6pa;m To.n.i ttHMaJJO n ' R3Hin. OcKiJJhKH )I{ BOHM MaJJH JlOTpiBCbKIIH 31Hf\.JaH flaJIMTM HaibHa'-IHimoro B'R3HR niCJJSI nepeMOrM .SIK )l{epTny 6oraM, TO o6pa.n11 Ha ~JO ponh IIIJIRXOM )l{epe6KynaHHH Mar.n.e6ypJb· Koro WJI..SIXTJil.la fHpKaca (Hyrkasa), ~o 6yn n'R3HeM. 3Hai1oMi ..SIJMl.IHMKM .D.Bil.li nopR'ryBaJJM IIOrO, a.ne KOJIM i BTpeT€ H3 HhOrO Bl1fl3B )l{epe6, TO BiH CaM ,no6poBiJJbHO norO)l.MACH niTM Ha ~e CnaJJeHH..Sl. 0TaK 3H3THMH pMUap rnpKac y 36pol i 3 KOHeM, Ha KOTPOMY CM.D.iD, 6yo cna.neHMH )KMBQeM. y ~bO MY no6oimi xpHCTM.SIH O.D.MH noraHHH 3Hai1IIIon HanrrHyTMii caMocTpin, a KOJJH flOKJJaB MOI"O co6i Ha lllMIO i CTaB 3 ~iKaDOCTi 06Ma~yBaTM HOrO, TO rroTpanun nanb~eM Ha crrycK: TYT )Ke T..SITMna CTRJia iioMy ronooy. nparH}"'M noMCTMTMC..Sl Ja QIO nopa3Ky, rpa<P Eap6orioH (Barboigion) Hecno.zdnaHO o.n.epc..SI y npycciJO. KoJJH )I( BiH )KOPCTOKO BOIOBaB CaM6iHCbKY i )J(MY.D.CbKY 3eMJii, To noraHCTBO 3rpoMa)J.MJJOC..SI .n.oKynu i1 y.n.apuno Ha HiMeQbKe BiHCbKO B )J.eHb CB. ArHeCM, flOJJOHMJJO CaMero rpaq>a-reTbMaHa, a xpHCTI1RHCbKe BiHCbKO 3HOBY po36MJIO. TiiCJIR ~i€i nopa3KH npyccbKMH MaricTp KoHpa.n. 36y.u.ysas 3aMoK KapmoniH (Karssowin) Ha ropi CB. feopriR 8 KypJJRH.D.ChKii13eMJii. npyccM-R3J.1qHHKH 3 JIMTBOIO XOTiJIM HOrO 3HH~MTH i 06JI.RrJIH HOrO ITO'ry)KHO. Ha )l.OITO· MOry np116y11M npyCChKi Ta iH<PJIHH,D.ChKi xpeCTOHOCQi 3 flOMiqqJO ,AaTCbKOrO K0p01IR, i BOHM ~HbO 3iHIIIJIMCR 3 R3Ml.IHMKaMH B ,AeHb CB. MaprapMTH Ha,D. piKOIO ,ZJ;ypoM (Durem), ane 3a3HaJJH nopa3KH Bi.D. BeJIHKOI CHJIH noraH. OT)Ke, TPHl.li nocniJih xpMcTMRHH 3a3HaJJH T..SI)KKOi nopa3Kl1. TaM 6yn y6HTMH iH<PJI$1H)l.ChKHH MaricTp feHpix fepcHY3eH (Hersnusen) i npycchKHH MapwanoK r eHpix EeTeJib (Betel)' H3Mt.JHHKH B3..SIJIH TaKO)f( 3aMKH K apwosiH i fai136ypr (Heizburg) . Eyno TaKO)K o6JIO)f(eHo Kpy.11ene~h, a.ne i3 BTpaTaMH nOHH MYCI1.1IM o6JIMWMTM iioro, 6o HiMQi MY)KHbO 6opoHHJIMCH. Qhoro )K 1259 poKy CTaJJOC$1 qepe3 TaTap cTpaiiiHe 11 HeqynaHe cnycTomeHH$1 MaH)f(e nci€1 noJibCbKOi 3eMJii, HaniTh Kopon& EonecJiaB, 6aqatJH TpHnory, MYCHB TiKaTM; TaTapH cnaJJHJIH KpaKin, CaH.D.OMMp i Bpo~an y CiJI:e3ii, He paxy10qu He3Jiil.leHHoi KilibKOCTi iHwux MicTet.JOK Ta ciJI. Tipo u;e Ma€Ill,neTaJihHO onHC3HY icTopiiO n KHH3i I I (c. 33) nepwiH: npH EoJieCJiani CopoM'H3JIHBOMY, c. 60, 61, 63. TaM )l(e feHpix, cine3bKHH KHH3b, qoJioniK en. Jl.n.niru, 3i6panwu sii1cbKO 3 HiMettttHHH, Tionhmi i Tipyccii, KOTPOMY TaKO)I( Tionne <l>oH OcTepniHr (Poppe z Osterlingu) 3 6paTi€IO cno€10, xpecToHOCI.VIMH, DpHiXaB Ha DOMiq, BHCTYflHB DpOTH noraHHX. BOHH n,napHJIH Ha HHX CMiJIHBO, aJie 6yJIH nepeMO)I(eHi BeJIHKOIO THX l.IHCeJI&HicTIO. TaM )Ke 6iJJj[ JlerHHQi flOJij[rJia BeJIHKa KiJibKiCTb 3HaTHOrO pHQapCTBa pa30M i3 Ca• MHM.KH113eM feHpixoM Ta npycCbKHM MaricTpOM nonne. To, Ma6yrh, 6yJia Kapa focno.n.H$1. A j[JHqHHKH, nparuyqu .n.oni.n.aTHCR npo KiJihKiCTh Hawux 3arH6.1IHX, ni.n.pi3aJIH KO)f(HOMY nyxo i Ha6HJIH QHMH nyxaMH 9 MiWKiB. 0TaIC}' Kapy .n.an focno.n.h Bor xpHCTIDIHaM. Tina KHJ1311 Ta MaricTpa 6yno npuHeceui xpncTHnHaMH .n.o BpoUJiana i noxonaHi n KOCTbOJii en. Bo:H~exa. Ueii 6yn Ha MaricTepcbKOM}' yp11.zti O.D.HHa.AQRTb peKin.

467

.flJUZHU~bl(p

xepmiJa

XpucmUJlH JHoiJy poJ6umo

XpucmUJliUl poJ6umi 8mpemE

CmpcuuHa mpu6oza

IJiiJmomap y J(]'ucmu.szru:a.!Ql.t. I(JiaiHQ)\.

KHMrA IV '1111 .Mcuicmp zyecmo· HOcyi6

!Tocn oih. 'l>oz ~te w6uih\:pi1, ClJit mO'lHUU

Vu6uHa

6 yiit Jt..M.Ili

VII MaricTp xpecToHoci.dB faHTec 3apreHray3eH (Hantes Sargenhausen) eTas Ha MaricTepcbKOMY ypH~i 3a qacis naHynaHHH y IloJibn:r;i EonecJiasa CopoM' .H3JIHBoro Ta iMnepaTopa BiJibreJibMa 1563 poi<y. To~i JIHTBa B ~eHb CTpiTeHHH )liBM Mapii 3HMII(MJia IlepHon, impn.HH~ChKe MicTo Ha..A MopeM. 1264 poKy aHony JIHTBa, npyccu, *MY,nh, noraHi s~epnuc.H ~o CaM6ii1cbKOi 3eMJii i ~o6ysanu y xpecToHoc~in nOT)')f(He MicTo Binony. Ane KOJIH Tyno~eJib (Tupodel), MaricTp, Ha,n KymaMJ.1 a6un ixHboro reThMaHa i aan,nan iM BeJIHKOI mKo~M, MYCM.JlM si~cTyrn-tTH. 36MpaJIHC.H noTiM HTH Ha HMX noraHi KiJihKa pa3iB, HK-oT: y 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268 poKax, ane 3aBX<.nM ni~cryna JIH i3llJKO~OIO ~JISI ce6e. IloTiM TaKO)J( l.JHHHJI11 ~e y 1269 i 1270 poKax, aJie focno.D.HH Kapa 3a rpixu He ~onyCI<a.Jia nepeMon-r Ha~ xpHCTH.HHaMH. IloTiM 1220 poKy n ceni HaK€JI (Nakiet) o.n.Ha lllJI.HXTHHKa MaprapuTa, .n.py)f(MHa rpacpa Bupo6ocJiana, .HK nHllle MypHHii1, Hapo.u.uJia 36 )I(HBHX ~iTeM, ane BOHH noMepJIH ~horo .II< ~H.H. PoKy 1270 s Kanillli Hapo~unoc.H Ten.s~ i3 ciMoMa HoraMH, 3 ~soMa roJIOBaMH i co6al.JHMM 3y6aMH; O)J.Ha 3 fOJiiB 6yJia Ha npHpO~HOM)' MiCUi, a~pyra 6in.H xsocTa. Moro cTepso He xoTiJIH iCTM aHi co6aKH, aHi nTaxH. Uboro poKy B ciJie3hKHX piKax O.n.pi i1 Huci npoTHroM TpbOX JJ.HiB TeKJia KpHsasa so.n.a, a n ceJii Mixanoni npoTHroM Tpbox ~His na~an KpHsasMi1 .n.ow;. TaKO)I{ nosi.u.h 3 nocTiHHMX ~ow;is 6yJia Hei1MosipHo seJIHKa. Uboro :JK poKy 6iJIH ocTposa EaeJib 6yJia 6HTBa Ha cymi xpecToHocu.is 3 JIHTBOIO, 60 u.ei1 OCTpiB 3a ciM MHJib Bi.U. 6epera Ha Mopi, Ma€ )J.Ba 3aMKH AyiiiyM6ypr (Auschumburg) i llloHeM6ypr (Schonemburg). To~i • .u.saHa.U.U.HTh poKiB npo6ym1111 Ha CBO€MY ypH,ni, npyccbKHH MaricTp np116opKas 6iJiblllY qacTHH}' HesipHHX, poaMHO:JKHB aa cnoro siKy Op,neH, I I (c. 34) 3acHysas ~oMiHiKaHChKHH MOHacn-rp y TopyHi, 36y.n.ysas MicTo i13aMOK EpaH,n.e6ypr, speiiiTi cnJiaTI1B 6opr cMepTi 1266 poKy i 6ys noxonaHI1H B Tpesi)f(i.

?lill.Ma· zicmp zyecmo· HOCI;~i8

IX .Mcuicmp zyecmo· Hocyi8 9Tp!JCCbl(j .R.JU'WUI(.U

npu8eiJe11i iJo 8ipu ~pecmo·

HOCijJIMU

VIII MaricTp rapm.J.taH, zpa¢ ¢ou reJ/,oOpi'HZ (Hartman, hrabia z Heldringu), 6yn o6paHH:i1: 3a qacis naH}'BaHHH noJibCbKoro KopoJISI EoJiecJiasa Copo.M'aJIMBoro i pHMCbKoro iMnepaTopa Py,noJihcpa, 27-ro rpacpa fa6c6ypabKoro, Ta nanH .KJmMeHTa IV 1275 poKy. Ue 6yn MY)K no60)J(Hni1: i po3yMHHM, niH aasmosas npyccbKi KpaiHJ1 Ha.npasy i Cy/.l.any H: HasepHyn rx .n.o xpacTHstHCbKoi sip11, npona,n11n Tpnnani nii1HH i 3 iHllli1MI1 npni<ap,uoHHI1MH cyci~aMM. Di.n qac H:oro naHynaHHSl 1289 poKy 6yno a6y.nonaHo MicTo Manb6opK. BiH noMep y BeHeQil i TaM )l{e 6yn noxosaHI1i't. IX MaricTp Ej•pzajJiJ IllBeuiJeu (Burchard Zchwenden) 6yn o6paHHH 1283 poKY s qacn naHynaHHH y Donbud JlemKa l-lopHoro Ta 27-ro xpMCT.HHHChKOro iMnepaTopa Py.noJiocpa. 3a i1:oro naH)'naHHH xpecToHoc~i nposa,n.HJI.H ,ll,OCI1Tb ,li.OBrO Kp11BaBi Bii1HI1 3 HenipHHMH npycCbKHMH noraHMMH, KOTpi Bpel.llTi CMJIOIO 6yJIM HanepHeHi .l{O xp11CTI151HCTBa, iHmi )f( 6yJIH BHrHaHi 3i cno€1 3eMJii. Tai< BT.HIIIHJiacH IJ.H sii1Ha 3 513M'lHHKaMM, KOTpa Tpimana 53 poKH. T11M qacoM JIHTBa Bl.JMHHJia neJIHKi lllKO.UH B IloJihii.l;i, aJie He ,no6HJiacH ycnixy, 60 KOJIH noraHCTBO ilOBCpTaJIOC51 3i 3)J.0611l.Jl.JIO Ta Tpocpe51MH, TO 6yJio poa611Te xpecTOHOCL(HMH. Hen,nos3i nicJIHl\bOro*, T06To 1285 poKY,

* TyT nMiw.cuo MaJIIOIIOK 6nTnH, mo smmt€ co601o (c. 198 op11riHaJiy).

468

HIUKHJO

"'aCTHny

Ma.JIIOHKa n KH.

KHHrA IV fe.upnJlo ( Gedry lo). Jli1TBI1H, mo Man aeJII,IK)' no nary y cnolx, nepei1mon JJ.O xpecToHocu,ia i oxpecn1BC51 a xpnCTIHIHCI>K)' aipy. BiH ni.n.Mon~tiB MaricTpa, mo MO)I(e MMUMH CMJiaMH nennKol IJJKO.UH Jas.uaTM n Jl)IITBi. MaricTp .uaa MOM)' BiMCbKa CKiJlbKM Tpe6a, KOTpi TO~I TIOTiM, ,UaDW11 3HaTI1 JJI1TBi, npMBiB )' M'stcopy6K)' ni,n fpO.UHO, 60 BOHII Bci .UO O)I.HOfO 6)'JIH TaM y6HTi. l...{horo )I( poKy a Opycci"i, Kypwax i )f{My.ni 6y;Ia neJJHKa i He6a"YeHa :J{e7.y8aHa l(illbl(jCmb KiJihKiCTb oTpyi1Hol ttepa11; BOHH MMM xaoCTH, RK y paKia. A Koro TillbKM up8u 1..\eH ttepn 'RK Kycan, TO He .n.onoMara.nH >KOJJ.Hi niKJ!J, Ha.n.pyrm1, Hai16inhwe Ha TpeTii1 .n.eJII> I<O)I(eH M)'CJ1B noMepT11. I I (c. 35) MaricTp EyprapJl6yn Ha ypR.ni ciM poKiB, a noTiM noMep y Po.n.Ji, i1 TaM )l(e, n KOCThOJii ca. IoaHHa, i1oro 6yJio i1 noxoaaHo.

X MaricTp npycc'bxuu Koupaa ¢on </Jeu,mifja'}{Z (Konrad z Fenthfangu) 3i'Hmoa Ha ypR.U 1290 poKy 3a ttacia naHyaaHHn iMnepaTopa PyJlOJibcpa Ta

J.ttuicmp i'(]Jtcmo·

HOC1ji6

noJibChKoro MOHapxa feHpii<a Opo6yca. B i1oro 'lJacH 6ym1 BI~yrpimHi aii1H11 Mi)l( iMnepaTopoM Py.n.oJibcpoM, aeHeu,iaHI..J;RMH Ta HeanoJiiTaHCbKMM KopoJieM. ToMy MaJIH ni,n.oJpy Ha xpecTOHOCHHX 6paTia, Hi6HTO BOHH noai,uoMJIH.JlH aeHeu;iaHCbKi Ta HeanoJiiTaHChKi pa.n.H iMnepaTopoai. l..Jepe3 u,e M)'CMJIH cTapmi u;boro Op.ueH)' 3 6paTiEIO niTM reTb 3 BeHeuii, HeanoJIR, 3 AHrnii, noKMH)'BW11 TaM caoi .uaop11. KoHpa.u, npo6yaw11 Ha QhOM)')'p51.Ui ciM poKia, noMep y llpa3i, a noxoaaHMH 6ya y Twe6HMIJ.i. BiH Maa y HiMettttMHi 6araTO npHRTeJiiB, KOTpi 6araTo a ttOM)' noMara.nH Op,neHy. Y nepw11i1 piK i1oro naH)'BaHHR 6ya y KpaKoai RKHMCb KOMT)'P Anb6pexT 3 M eiiceHCbKOI 3eMJii, WieMiHHHK Me:HceHCbKOrO MapKrpa<J?a, RKOM)', KOJIH BiH MaB IXaTH npOTM caoix aoporia, noraHHX, roJiy6Ka npHHecJla y .U3b06i npHttacTR. XI MaricTp rom¢pio, zpa¢ fPO'}{ FoJtOX (z Holochu) npHHHJIB QeH ypa.u XI J.uuicmp pol<)' Eo)l(oro 1297 3a ttacia iMnepaTopa MoJih<j?a Ta noJibCbKoro Kopon.s~ zyecmo· H0Ciji8 BJia,zJ;MCJiaaa JlOKOTKa. BiH npu6ya 3 6paTiElO 3 BeHeu;ii )1,0 npyccil i no6ya TaM 10 poKiB, noTiM Ha cei1Mi B E.nb6JIOH3i cKJiaB 3 ce6e u;ei1 ypR.U, noTiM, aHixaamu .no HiMe'I'IHHH, noMep. XII MariCTP 3o¢pii) ¢0'}{ </JoiimBam (Sofrid z Feutwangu) 6ya o6paH:m1 Ha XII .MJUicmp MaricrepcTBO poK)' 1307, KOJIM a HiMe'I'IMHi iMnepaTop .Alib6pexT, a a Tionhmi zyumo· H0Ciji6 Bna,uHCJiaB JloKOTOK naH}'BMH. Ueii nepeHic cao10 CTOJIHQIO 3 BeHeuii .no MCl.Jib6opKa. BiH npu3Ha'IHB aeJIMKMM KOMT)'POM feHpixa 3lliOQbKa, MaJoBmaHHHa, KOTJ>Mi1 nepe.n: UHM 6ya np)'CCbKMM JiaH,D;MariCTpOM. 3anpoBa,.n:MB noBH11H Jia,zJ; y KpaiHi i no.uaa TPHJU.V~Tb CTaTei1, Ko-rpi M)'CMJIH BHKOH)'BaTH ni.u. CTPaxOM BeJIHKoro mTpa<J?y Ta Kapu. BiH 3 yciM csoiM o6oJoM ni.ucrynua 1309 poK)' .no Mar.ue6ypra (Margemburgu), 6o BOHM B)l(e BTpaTJ1JlH caoe noMeruKaHH.H B iHruHx .uep~Bax, JIK BM~e roaopJ1JlocR. Ue:H MaricTp MaB KaniT)'JI)' B Ma.nh6opK)' i nocraaHB KOMT)'pa ~ oco6HBoro Mapma.nKa. TaM pa,z~;HB .usa pom, noMep y Manb6opK)', a XeJibM3i a Ka<}?e.npa.nbHOM)' co6opi 6ya noxoaaHMM. XIII .Ma· XIII npyc&KHH MaricTp KapJt ¢on Tpeeip (z 7rewiru) 6ya npHMHJITMH Ha ~icmp zytCIM· QeH ypH.n; poKy Bo)Koro 1309 Ja qacia iMnepaTopa feHpixa, CbOMoro 3 UHM HOCJ~i6 iMeHeM, nan11 K.nHMeHTa ll' RToro Ta noJibCbKoro KOpOJIH Bna,n.uCJiasa Jlo- 1rpyccu KOTKa. IJ;e 6}'B,D;UmbHJ1H i po3TOponHHM M)'>K, ane HeB.l{JI'IHHH 3a.n;o6po,nii%CTBO no8crruuom• npomu CBOiX 6paTiB, KOpo.niB i KHJ13iB DOJibCbKHX, 60 Me'l, JIKI-IM BiH MaB rpOMHTii n.M.Ritj6

469

KHIIrA IV noraHHX, o6epH)'B npOTM CBOiX ~o6po,niiB xpMCTM$1H: BiH HenpHCTOHHOIO aiiiHoiO, 3pa,no10 Bi.D;HRB y noJibCbKoro KopoJIR BJJa,nMCJiana, Hi6M co6i 3a BMHaropo.n;y, I I (c. 36) nocJJyr Ha C}'MY CTO TMCR'l qecbKMx rpoweii, lloMopCLK}' Ta iHmi 3eMJii. l..J,i 3eMJii am .no Ka3MMMpa TpeTboro 6yJIM a tJymMx pyKax. IHmi BOJIOCTi nonaJIHB, nonycTowua, BMpy6aa Ta non6Maaa ruJIRXTf i npocTOJIIO.D;, aecno.n;inaHo norpa6ysaB i 3a6pas co6i Ta caoii16paTii .n;o6po, HK MicbKe, TaK i Kynel.(bKe Ta iHIIIMX npMim,nmMX fOCTeH, i HeCKa3aHHi mopxpecrt~QHL)C~Ji IJWipOM u CTOKOCTi B'lMHMB, ripllli, Him 3a noraHCbKMM 3BM'la€M, TaK 11\0 TaKOfO Kpo!ITolttopc"I(JJ BonpOJIMTTR He 6yJio Ha mo,nHiH BiHHi 3 noraHMMM, RK TO.D;i B flOMOpCbKiH Jt.M/110 OW!JToJJ"~ 3eMJii Bi.D;, 3.D;aBaJIOCb 6M, no6omHMX me6paKiB- xpeCTOHOCI.(iB. Y TOM tJaC KOJIM npycCbKi xpecTOHOCI.(i TaK CBaBiJibHO tiMH:WJI:W B fiOJibI.Ui, iH(pJIRH.nU:i no-po36ii1HMI.(bKH BM,nepJI:w y caoro cpyH,naTopa i .no6po.n;iH, pH3bKoro apxH€nMcKona, MicTo PHry i BCIO .n;ep)f{asy. A.JI.e :>K si,n, iioro npe.n;KiB poKiB 104-} 05 nepe,n l.(HM BOHH 6yJIH CTBOpeHi AJIR p03MHOmeHHH xpHCTHHHCbKOi aipu! qMMaJJO i1 iHilloro JioTpiacTBa Ta )I(OpCTOKocTi BtiHHHJIH 3ra-

t])/Ji '(!J.Memu i mpu .Mi· CJt~i oiJH.o· UUHO

:Jfety6aHui1 ZOllO(}

XpecmoHoq~i.

aalhuu npUCJtzy noAAI(a.M,

8o1010mb

J'lum8y J'lum6a 6o10e zyecmo· Hocyi8

.n.aHi npycCbKi Ta iHcpJIHH.D;CbKi xpeCTOHOCI.(i. 3Bi.ll.CH 3HaTH, ll.\0 BOHM CTapaJIHCH 6i.Jibllle npo 3HHII.\eHHR, Hi)l( p03MHO)I(eHHH XpHCTHHHCbKOI BipH cepe_n noraHHX. BJia.n;McJiaB JloKOTOK, 3acnoKoinmH iHo3eMHi 6yHTH, 3aKJIHKaB npyccbKoro MaricTPa cTaTH nepe.n; nano10 B PHMi 3a.D;JIH noaepHeHHSI lloMopcbKoi 3eMJii. TaM cnotJaTK}' qepe3 KOMicapia 6yno HaKa3aHo tioMy ii noaepHyTM, a noTiM, KOJIH niH He xoTiB noaepHfTM, TO noixaa caM .n;o nanM. A TaM, 6y.n:yq11 po3ToponHHM, .n;o6pe 3HaiO'lH iTanii1CbK}' Ta HiMel.(bK}' MOBH, npexnTpo 3 ychoro BHKPfTHBCH. O.n;HaK, nosepTaiO'lMCb i3 PMM)', niH noMep no .n:opo3i. fli.n; qac tioro naH}'BaHHSI 1314 poey a .n;eHL Pia,naa focno.n;HH 6yJio o.n.pa3y BH.ZJ.HO .n;ai KOMeTM i TPM MicHI.(i. KoMeTH naJiaJJM a)l( .n;o ocTaHHLoro .ZJ.HH MiCHI.(R JIIOToro. TioTiM 6ya BeJIHKHH roJio.n; B llpyccii, Ma3oaii, JlHTBi. I KOJIH B)l(e JIIO)l;HM He BHCTat.UiJIO 3iJIJIH, KopiHQiB Ta iHlliOfO Mep3eHHOfO KOpM)', TO 6aTbKM i1 MaTepi .u.iTei1, a ,niTM csolx 6aTLKiB y6HBa.JIM Ta ln11; iHwi )1(, noTepnaiO'lH si.n; TH)I(KOro roJio.n:y, iJIM CTepao i TPY""· floTiM HacTana cTpamHa nomecTL i TpMna.na l\im·n1 piK, TaK mo snMepJIH JIJO.D;M i He 6yJio KOM)' 3 DOJIH 36HpaTM BpO)f{aH, 'lepe3 I.UO Ha llOJISIX BCe 36i)l()f{JI Ta OBO'li He 3i6paJJn. f1po BiHHM, KOTpi TO.D;i 6yBa.JIM 3 JIHTBOIO, B)l(e MaElli TpOXH B OllHCi lii1TBM, c . 16, 17, 18. O.n;HaK i ryT KopoTeHbKO TopKHeMocH 1.\hOro. Tii.n; Qe:H qac, KOJIM 3ra.n;aHHH KapJI, npyccbKMH MaricTp, 6ys y P11Mi, xpecTOHOCQi, .D;aBUJM o6iQHHK}' He nosepTaTM f1oMOpCbK}' 3eMJIIO, npOBO.D;HJIM qac 3 iHcpJIHH.D;CbKMMH xpecTOHOCQHMH, t..IaCTO Hana.n;aJIM Ha flOJibll.(}', JlHTBy, )l{M)',D;b i CKpiab, .n;e Ti.JibKM MO)f{Ha, 'l.JMHMJIM BeJIMKi WKO)J;M . AJre i JlMTBa IM TaKO)I( siMH'lysana, 6o JIHTOBCbKI1H KHH3b BiTeHb, Hanasmu Ha IH<f>JIHH)J.ilo, 6e3 onopy Met..IeM i sorHeM I I (c. 37) nonycTOWHB a:>K .no .llepnTa, 3Bi,nTM n'HTb THCH'l.J HiMQiB 3 seJIHKOJO 3,no6Ht..I'l.JJO BMBiB .no liHTBH. Ocb TaK Jy6 3a

3y6 JlMTBa BiMa.Jia xpecTOHOCQSIM. J'lum8a TioTiM 3Hoay BiTeHh Hanas Ha TipycciiO, a rpo.n.HeHCbKI1i1 CTapocTa nepe.Mazae Hi.MyitJ ,llan11.n. 3 aeJIMKHM JIMTOBCbKMM nii1ChKOM- Ha IHq)J]HHJJ.iiO a* ni.n. PeneJib, CKpi3b nyCTOllU1B )J;OBKOJIMIUHi BOJIOCTi, HiMU:iB-B'H3HiB BHBiB }' JIHTB}', 'l.JM-

470

KHHrA IV Ma.no BI1Bi3 TaKO)I( KOCTbOJibHMX K.neHHO/l,iD, KOTpi norpa6yRaB, pa30M 3 iHWHMJ1 Tpoq>e.HMI1. XpoHiCT ~YM36ypr .ll,Ol-l.a€, ll\0 B Ti qacM Jl11TUa BOIOBa. . . . Jia 1 3eMJ11 ,D.aTCbKOl' O KOpOJI.H, ,D.e MDK 1Hllil1M11 lliKO)J.aMM, K0Tpl1M11 ,ll.OUeKJIH XpHCTJ.I.HHaM , t\e Te)l( 6yna pi'l HC MeHlli CM)'THa, ll\0 n'.HTb TI1C.Sll.J TiJibKM caMHX wnnxeTHMX naH.s:rHOK 6yno cnil1MaHo . He s.n.osoJibHMJiacSI 1.\MM JIHTsa, ane o.n.pa3y noTiM npHHillOBWH ni.n. MeMCJib, KOTpMIA HHHi 3BYTh K;Iai1ne.n;OJo, B3.HJia Aoro i cnaJIMJia nepe~MicT..s:r, KpiM 3aMKy. TaM , KpiM Ja6HTHX, B3.HJIH B noJioH 700 .n;yw. OoTiM liMTBa 6e3HacTaHHO, JaJOUJMBUIMCR, l:JMHHna TJI)I(Ki WKO,ll.H He TiJihKH B IIHJ)JI.HHJ.dl, npyccil, a i B Ma30Bi'i, KynBChKiH Ta ,l1;06)1(HHChKiH 3eMJI.HX. ,l1;o6pe )I( JlHTBa B11HaropO/.\HJia xpeCTOHOCl\iB 3a lxHi s611BCTBa! He .uonoMorna i MeMeJihCbKa cpopTeUSI, KOTPY :u.eii )l(e MaricTp Kapn 36y.n.ynan 1312 po:u.i s Kypn.HH.n.ii .unn ni.n.6HTTH JII1TOBChKHX Hana,z:us. XIV MaricTp Bepnep OjJceJL'b ( Wernerus de Orselle) 6}'13 o6paHHM Ha ypn.n. XIV Ma zicmp MaricTepcbKHH 1322 poKy 3a l.Jacis iMnepaTopa JliO.l{OBiKa Ta nOJibChKoro zyumoKopoJISI Bna.n.Hcnana JloKOTKa. BiH naHynan TiJibKH TPH poKH, a noTiM y nocyi6 BiriJiiiO CB. €JIM3aBeTI1, KOJIH HWOB 3 KOCTbOJiy, 6ys y6MTI1H CBOIM )l(e BJiaC-

HI1M xpecToHocu:eM Ja Te, ll\O Ja6pan y Hboro napy KoHen . TaM )l(e B Manb6opKy BiH 6yn noxonaHHH y Kacpe.l\panbHOMY co6opi, a 3JI01.JHHeU:h Ha ni.l{CTaBi nanCbKOrO CY.l\Y 6ys 3aCy,ll.)KeHHM Ha .l{OBi"t:JHe ys '513HeHH51 i CKiH't:JHB CBO€ )J(J1:TT51 Ha XJii6i H BO.l{i. Po3nO't:IaTi me 3a KOJII1WHbOI'O MaricTpa KOHq>JiiKTH He TiJibKH He CKiH't:JHJIHC51, ane ll\e 6iJibllie po3ropiJIHC51, i qJIIM J_\aJii, THM 6iJibiile. A_n)J(e

l}>a6pu7(!J

;;:;,~r;;

xpeCTOHOC:U.i, noKJia.l{aiO'tiHCb Ha enol CHJIH, He nepecTananw l.JMHHTH mKo,D.M y 00Jibll.{i; i TaKa BCJIHKa i CBaBiJihHa XHTpiCTb CTaJia pOCTH Mi)K HHMH, IUO 3 ycix CHJI CTaBMJIM ce6e TaK, Hi6H UOJibChKi KHSI3i H KOpOJii; BOHI1 B)l(e MOI'JIH Bi.n.KMH}'TH IXHIO IOp:HC,ll.HKD;iiO Ha.l{ co6010 i wyKaJIM l-\liH UbOI'O pi3HI1X q>opTeJiiB: K}'Il}'BaJIH npasa i Bi'tiHi BOJibHOCTi y TMX KH513iB Ta naHiB,KOTpi 6ynu .o;aneKo ni.n; :u.iel KpaiHH i He MaJIH Ha :u.e )I(O.l{HHX npas; 3.n;o6ysan11 co6i ,o;apOBI13HJ B KopoJiiB, a Bi.D; iMnepaTOpiB- KOHcpipMan;il. A Bee n;e ,D;JIH TOI'O, 11.{0 6aqR7IJII 6azamwx 80:JICOie J llOJWUJ,i, Mi)J( KOTpHMH ,ll;O TOI'O )J( 6yJia BCJIHKa HC3I'O,ll;a; CBOIMH XHTpomaMH BOHH CllO)l;iBaJIHCH KOJilf-He6y,o;h 3axOlli1TI1 BCe KOpOJiiBCTBO. BpemTi, CKMHyslliH 3 ce6e CBiH y6orHH TMTfJI, Mpi51JII1 KOJII1He6yJU> 3.D;06Y™ KoponiBCbKOro TH'I)'JIY )VIJI CBOI'O Op/.\eHf. Ane rocnOJ_\b Eor 3aiDK,l(l1 xoria yTaKiH: BeJIHKiH: MoHapxii MaTH o,n;Horo iHcneKTopa, o.o;Horo I I (c. 38) npaBHTeJISI. To.n;i ni.o;HeCJIH BOHR aii:fHY npont cnoix naHiB Ta ~o6po.zdin, BI1/.U1paroqH y :U.HX KH.SI3iB ixHi snacHi naTpHMOHii. Ocb 'IOMY noJibCbKHH KopoJih BJia,n:Hcnan JloKOTOK ~o6HnascSI, 11.{06 HacaMnepe~ 3acnoKoiTH )I(OpcTOK}' JIHTBy, 11.{06 .n;icTaTH lloMopCbK}' 3eMJIIO. To.o;i HOMf ~oBeJIOCSI HaCaMnepe~ }'BiHTH B KpOBHi 38 'SI3KH 3 JIHTBOIO, mo6 3 ~ODOMOI'OIO JIHToauis MO)I(Ha 6yno .o;aTH DOT)'IKHY si,nciq noporaM. Ue cxsanHB i 3aTaep.D;HB yaeCb ceHaT. To.n;i BiH noCJiaa .o;o fe,o;HMiHa, KOTpHi:f 6ys niCJISI BiTeHJI Yf01(9mol( J tQUIJt.)c BeJIHKHM KHJI3CM JIHTOBCbKHM, 11.{06 ytoiaCTH nepeMHp 'Jl 3 o60X CTOpiH./J.D- 9"tk4ciHOM MaraJIHCJI TaKO)I( UOCJIH, IU06 fe~HMiH B~JiqHo npHHHJIB Qe Bi~ UOCJiiB, a 3MiQHHBWH nepeMHp'g 3 UOJIJIKaMH, HeraHHO CBOIO ~QqKy UOCJiaB ~0

471

KHHrA IV llonbl.L\i 3 noCJiaMM Ta >K~aHHM nocaroM. TaK KHj{>KHa fe.ztMMiHona, j{K}' 3Ba· JIM noraHCbKMM iMeHeM Anb.ztOHa, 3 KOpOHHMMM llOCJiaMH, 3 HeMaJIMM ll0'1· 2J.I.nutQl

TOM JIMTOBCbKHX naHiB i )J.BOp.HH fe.ztMMiHOBHX, K03aKiB, B)J.jlfHeHMX 3ri.ztHO

.llumo8ct.PQl'C.

1(9JaKi8 3 TOfO'·IaCHOIO MO.ztOIO y KO>KyxH 3 Be.ztMe>Koi lllKYPM Ta BOBqi 1UJH1KH, i3 caraH.ztaKaMH, npMixaJIM .no KpaKosa 1325 pory. A 3a HeiO, i nepe.n HeiO, i .nosKoJia Hei ii nocar- B' j{3Hi noJibCbKoro Ta Ma3ose~bKOro Hapo.ey o6ox cTaTeii, nHny~eHi 3JIHTOBCbKoi HeBoJii, Haqe Enpei 3 BaBHJIOH)', HlllJIM pornMH, a Bchoro 6yno 24 THcj{qi. HeiiMosipHa pa,z:dcTh 6yJia j{K Ha ,n:opo3i, TaK i np11 a 'i3.zti KHj{fHHi .no KpaKosa, 6o BTilllaJIHOI 3 BH3BOJieHH~ csoix i cno,n:iBaJIM-

C.H nitJHoro MHPY 3 JJMTBOI0-~3Ht.{HHKaMH. IloTiM fe.ztMMHHiBHa 6yJia Has'1eHa xpHcTMj{HChKOi sipu si,n: KpaKiBChKoro enucKona HaHKepa (Nauklera), 6yna oxpell(eHa y siriJiiiO css. anocToJiiB IleTpa if IlaaJia i Ha3BaHa y xpell(eHHi AHHOIO. IloTiM BOHa 6yJia 3i 3BHl..J:aMHMMH ~epeMOHiHMM o6siH'iaHa 3 16-piqHMM KopoJiesHqeM Ka3HMHpoM. 3 Uhoro qacy cnycTomeHa noJibCbKa 3eMJIH, ll(O Jie:>KaJia o6JIOfOM qepe3 llOCTiHHi BiHHH, CTaJia 6araTIIIOIO JIIO,D:bMH i KOpHCHilllOIO, 60 KOpOJib ~HMH B'~3HSIMH 3aceJIHB cnycTiJii 3eMJii. ITpo ue nHllle IllHprne y csoiii xpoHi~i Map~iH MypHHii1. X'V .Mazicrnp XV MaricTp npycchKHH Jiwao.11:o¢, 'K'HJt3'0 Twpi'H3'0Kuu a6o Epayuweail.31:r ;rpecrno· Hoq~i6 Kuii, 6ys o6paHHi1 Ha MaricTepcbKe Mic~e 1325 poKy 3a qacis JIIo,n:osiKa, 33-ro iMnepaTopa, Ta loaHHa, 22-ro EnucKona, 3a naH)'BaHH~ nOJibCbKoro Kopon~ BJI~Hcnasa lloKOTKa. U.e 6ys M}':>K t.{MCTHH i no6o>KHoro >KHTTH, ,n:JIH

.9lOI(pTTWI(. .Mcmum~>c.st

JO IUI(pW no.Mi'lHUI(flM.

;rpecrno· HOC.

!J-iB

'])8a 80EHHU:r(

6-runl(.u,

ziVHi na.M '.lzmi

6paTil csoro Op.zteHy y xsaJii focno,n:osi niH 6ys npeKpacHHM np11KJI~OM. Eys .zty:>Ke ll(e,n:pHM, q11M ix ni,n:KopHs co6i. HacaMnepe.n: siH mo611s cnpase.n:JIMBiCTb. Ane niH He,nosro naaysas, scboro TPH poKH. I I (c. 39) fli,n: qac HOfO naHyBaHH~ llOJibCbKHM KOpOJib JlOKOTOK, CTBep.ztHBIIIH cnopi,n:HeHH~M nepeMHp '~ 3 JlHTBOIO, 3a,n:yMaB Hi6HTO llOMCTHTHC~ Mar,ne6yp3bKHM MapKrpacpaM 3a :>KOpCTOKe B6MBCTBO CBOfO norrepe,n:HMKa, noJibCbKoro KopoJIH. Bia 3a.ztyMas 3MaraTMCH 3 HHMH 3a floMopcbKf 3eMJIIO, aa KOTPY BOHH ,n:anM Henpase.n.Hi JIHCTM xpecToHoc~~M. IlpH ~bOMY niH o.n:pa3y si,n:npaBMB qacTHHf csoro sii1cbKa npoTM Ma3oBel.'(bKoro KH~3H BaaKa, ~KHH llOMaraB xpeCTOHOCQ~M npOTH HbOfO. IlOJIHKH 6e3 onopy B3.ztOB>K i BllOnepeK llOBOIOBaJIH BOrHeM i Me"! eM QIO 3eMJIIO, a MiCTO flJIO~bK CllaJIHJIH. HaCTfllHOro pOKf niH BJ~B .nonoMory si.n fe.ztHMiHa- .nnaHa,n:~~Tb coTeHb siiicbi<a 3 liMTBH, reTbMaHoM ~KMX 6ys rpo.nneHCbi<HM CTapocTa ,lJ.aBH.zt. BiH Mas TaKO:>K )J,onoMory 3 Mon.n.asil i 3 Pyci. BiH 3i6pas rrOJibCbKoro sii1cbKa 6iJihiiie, Hi)f( 6ysano .n.oci, i Hanas Ha MapKrpacpcbKY 3eMJIIO ni.n. qac CBHTa cs. IoaHHa. floqasiiiH ai,n: O.n.p11 Ta EpaH,n:eH6ypra i a:>K .n.o <l>paHKcpypTa siH see nosoiOBaB sorHeM i Me'ieM. To.n.i noraHi qJ1HHJIH seJIHKY :>KopcToKiCTb, norpa6ysaJIM i CllaJIHJIH 140 KOCTbOJiiB, TaKO)f( 6araTO ciJI, a BeJIM'ie3HY KiJibKicTb s'~3HiB Ta xy.n.o611 3a6pan11 3 co6o10. Y ~ii16HTBi CTaJIHC~ .n.sa B"lHHKH, ri.n.Hi naM' HTi. HacaMnepe.n. npH HHll(eHHi JIHTBOIO KOCTbOJiiB Ta KJIHWTOpiB O)J.HH JIHTOBeQb crrii:fMaB MOHaWKy, KOTpa, YHHKai0'1H 3raHb6JieHH~. norrpoowa, ll(o6 niH i:I He 3raHb6HB, o6i~~IO"lH i1oMy 3a ~e .n.aTH TaKHM .n.ap, ll(O i1oro HiKOJIH He BiJbMe 3aniJo. A ll(06 noraHMH WBH.ZJ.We noaip11s, soHa rronpocMJia i1oro nepecsi,n:'iMTHC~

472

KHHrA IV B l{bOMY Ha 'i'i unacHir1 nuri. JhtToaeqb nonip11n U.bOMY i, nJ1TstrmH ma6mo,

>1urn0a

0)\HHM y.l\apOM Bi.l\py6an II rOJIOBY i TiJlhKl1 TOAi no6aYMB, l.U,O 6ys HeiO o6-

zpaifxv'<!f

.zr.ypeHnii. flaHHa Horo s.:utHI<y.

)I{

y enol i-f nopst.l\HOCTi YHHKJia noYeCHOJO cMepTIO raHe6-

BoiOE )tap'(:

Je)tAIO

EaYaYJ1 sem1Ky )f{OpcToKicTb m1Tonu.ia-st3HY:HHKiB l..l\O.l\0 xpHcTMHH, o.u.nH UJJlstXTMY 3 MaJonil Ha HMeHHH €H,l\)f{ei1 3Ba)f{HBCH Ha ri.D.HHH naM 'stTi B'"IHHOK: BTPYTJ1BillHCH noMi)l{ JliiTOBCbKi JaroHH, siH y6us tXHbOro reTbMaHa, rpOJl.HeHCbKOrO CTapocry, JIIO.Z:UHI)', Di.D.OM)' D JlHTDi 3aB)\HI<I1 li Ba)I{JIHBHM BiHHaM iJ xpecrOHOCU.HMH. flOTiM BiH npHlliriOpMB I<OHH i, X0\.1 JIHTOBU.i i norHaJIJ.JCH 3a HHM, macm1ao BTiK. HacTynHoro poKy B)l{e caMa JlvfTaa, niJHaBUU1 illJUIX, HanaJia Ha MapKrpaq)CbKY 3eMJ110: nonaJIHJIM, llOHMl.U,MJlM

i, He Mai0'-111 cnpOTJ,JBy, 3 BeJlMKOIO 3.U.06M'lJ'-110 noaepHyJIHCH 1\0.UOMy. XpecToHocu.i JaBOJOBaJIH TaKO)I{ KystacoKy 3eMJIJO, B3HJIH i1 cnaJIHJIH Xpecmo · 3aMOK KonaJie. KopoJib lloKOTOK no6a'-IHB He6eJne'lJHY BTpaTy qacy, CTiMKiCTb xpecTOHOCIJ.iB, TOMy, He 3Ba)KaJ0'-111 Ha Hara)J.yBaHHH i EllHCKOn-

ltOC~i

Bo1010mb ?(yJl6u

CbKY npHcRry, 1\iCTasum noMi'-1 si.n. csoro 3HTR, yropcbKOro KopoJIH Kapna, a TaKO)K "UIMaJii 3arOHH pyci, B.D.epc.H B npyCCbKY 3eMJIIO

6inH piKH )J,pseH-

l.I,H. XpecTOHOCI..{i 6opoHHJIH ai.u Hboro nepenpaay, .l\06pe yKpinHBUJHCH .n.epes'SIHHMH 3py6aMH, 3 .HKHX '-laCTO CTpiJIHJIH. floTiM npOCTHM CeJIHHMH noKa3aB KopoJIJO 3PY'-IHY nepenpaay '-1epe3 piKY, ,l\e KOpOJib nepenpaBHBC.H 3 siikbKaMM nOJibCbKHMH, JIHTOBCbKHMH, yropcbKHMM, pycbKMMH.

(c. 40)

ITo6a'-111BlliM, mo lx o6.zcypeHo, xpecToHocu.i, He .n.osip.HI0'-111 csoiM cWiaM, noaTiKaJII1 1\0 JaMKiB, p.HT)'IO'-IH caoE )KI1TTH Ta MaETHOCTi. KopoJih TaKO)K He 3aHMaBC$1 .u.o6ynaHH$1M 3aMKiB i o6opOHHHX MiCT, cnycTOillHB BOTHeM i Me'-leM B3.ZJ.OB)K i anonepeK XeJIMiHChKY JeMJIIO a.>K no piJCY Occy i 6e3 onopy

!JTOJI.JU(Jl

6epym& zopynaiJ ;'{]JUTTIO·

noc!Yf.Mu

Ha6pas 3.U.06H'-Ii, HKY KiJihKa pa3ia B~CMJiaa .l\0 IToJibl..l\i. XpecToHocu.i xoTiJII1 noTiM KiJihKa pa3is '-IHHHTI1 onip noJI.HKaM, aJie IM cKpi3h He macTHJIO. IToTiM BOHI1 HanaJIH Ha Ky.s~s11, ane noJIRKI1 11IBI1.ZJ.KO np116yJI11 Ha noMi'-1 caoiM, nparH}''-IH 6HTBli, i cMiJIHso BJ\apHJII1 Ha xpecToHocu.ia. A KOJIH iHwi npycCH He MOrJIM cTpMMaTli noJihCbKol no~"· TO nO'-IaJII1 TiKaTM. XpecToHocu.i 'tJli TO .l\OBipSI10ql1 CBOIM CHJiaM, 'tJI1 TO He 6a.>Kai0'-IH raHe6HO BTiKaTM, TaK M)')KHbO i 1\0BrO 6HJIHCSI, l.U,O llOJI$1TJII1 Bci pa30M 3i CBOIM TOpyHCbKHM KOMTYPOM. HaCTYflHOro poKY xpecToHocu.i, nparHyql1 B3HTI1 peaaHlli, Janpocli- XpecmoHOClji nycmoUUJmb JII1 Ha .ZJ.OllOMory qeCbKOrO KOpOJISI JIHa, KOTpHM i3 )KOpCTOKMM BiHCbKOM '])o631CUH· np116ya TO.Ai .AO ITpyccii i eTas aorosaTH )J,o6>KHHChKY 3eMJiro. B3HJII1 TaKO)K

Cb1(J/ Jt.M./110

Enl1cKonchKe MicTo Pau.hOH)K, a TaM seJIHKY 3.A0611'-I i JIIO.AeH 6araTo 3a6pa-

cnUC1(9nU 8ut(JIM-

Jili B HeBOJIJO• .QHX s'SI3HiB llOTiM EllliCKOllH, CBRT06JIHBi OTl.l,i, BI1KYllOBynaJIH aa paxyHOK u.epi<oBHI1X cKap6ia. A KOJII1 En~-t:cKonaM 3a u.e .u.opii<aJIH, aene61Ufi:i BJIO.l\3JiaBcbKMH Mau.ei1 My.n:po IM si.n;noaia: «01cpacmoc8JI.Uf.e~tUUX~6

y zyecmoHOC~i6

euxyn 'TUJJUYHJJ1tUX». Ilpo I.(boro EnHCI<ona Mau.e.Ha .AOM}' «Tonop» DHI.li}'Tb Taxe .ztHBO, ~0 HOrO MaTH O,llHOqaCHO HapO.AHJia 12 CI1HiB, np11q0My Bci llOMepnH, a BiH €,llHHHH 3aJIHllii1BCSI )KI1BliM. KopoJib JioxoToi<, 6a>Karoqu cnosHa BiMH'IHTH xpecTOHOCIJ..HM, sep~

ftol(9mol(

m11s 11.0 Ilpyccii a .n;onoMororo yropcbi<OIO, JIHTOBCbKOIO i pycbKOIO. A I<OJIH

1[pycciJO

xpeCTOHOCU.i He XOTUJI1 IJ.aTH 6HTBf, TO cnyCTOWHB BCIO llpycCbK}' 3eMJIIO a.>K

473

6cl06

KHHrA IV no piK}' Occy. 3MymeHI1H IJ.11M npyccbKI1H MaricTp noCJiaB JJ.O Hhoro, npoc.H· "111 MMJIOCTi, ti oTpMMaB cnoJJ.iBaHe, aJie Ha TaKHX yMonax: rn;o6 npycc11 n~ sepH}'JI11,no6)KMHCbK}' i TioMopcbK}' aeMJii, np11qoMY ,no6)KI1HCbK}' Herai1Ho, a m:o.n.o lloMopcbKOI, TO Mana 611 6yTI1 cneQiaJibHa yro.n.a. IloTiM xpecT~ HOCIJ.i, MaiOqH MHp 3 llOJISIKaMH, Hana,li.3.JIM Ha JlHTBy, 3.Jie npo Te, SIK IM JbtTBa 3anJiaTHJia, ,li.OCHTb OllHCYIOTb npyccbKi H JIHTOBCbKi xpoHiKH. X'lll.Ma· XVI MaricTp ,l(impix, zpa¢ ¢ouA!t'bae~t6ype, 18-piqHHM 6ys o6paHMi1 Ha zicmp MaricTepcbKHH npecTOJI I 329 poey 3a qacis 33-ro iMnepaTopa J110.n.osiKa ?(ptCt1W· HOCI)i8 Ta IoaHHa, 22-ro enMcKona, noJibCbKoro KopoJui JloKOTKa. BiH 6ys Hea6HSIKHM opaTop, coJii.D.HHM y BJla.ZJ.i, cysopH:H y sii1Hi, cTpamHHH noporaM. BiH a6y.ZJ.yBaB y Manb6opKf KOCTbOJI ,li.iBH Mapil, Hai1cBSITimoi Eoropo.ZJ.HIJ.i. 11oMep y TopyHi, 6yB nepeHeceHHM .n.o Manb6opKa i noxoBaHHM y KocThOJii CB . .AHHH. Ha noqaTK}' naH)'BaHH.SI IJ.bOro MaricTpa Koponi Kapn YropchKHM Ta HH l..JeCbKMM nparH}'JIH )J.OC.SIITH yro.ZJ.H Mi)l( llOJibCbKHM KopoJieM Ta xpeCTOHOCQ.SIMH. A.Jre ocKinhKH xpecTOHOCIJ.i He xoTiJIH 11oMopcbKOi 3eM.ni I I (c. 41) llOBepHyrH, HitiOrO He MOrJIH B.ZJ.iSITH. I1oTiM HeraMHO BOHM BeJIHKHMH CH)l(opcnw· JiaMH BOIOB3.JIH KySIBH Ta ,li.o6)KHH. He B 3M03i JacnoKoiTH JIHxa i 3JiicHo He 1(ocmi

zyecnw- .n.oTpHMyiOqHcb ,lJ.aHoro cnona, o6epH}'JIHC.SI npoTH BeJIHKoi IloJibrn;i. B3SIBHOCiji$ IllH I1H3.D;pH, BOHH 6e3)Ka.JiiCHO 3HYU(a.JIHC.SI Ha)( npOCTOJIIO,lJ.OM, 6HJIH, py6a-

JIH, B6MB3.JIH i, BCe norpa6yBaBillH B HaBKOJIHIIIHiX CeJiaX, pemry CllaJIHJIH i nonepH}'JIHOI 3 Tpo<}>e.SIMH .ZJ.O TopyH.SI, .ZJ.e 6yn npyccbKHH MaricTp. IloTiM 3HOBY HanaJIH Ha JleH'lHQbKf 3eMJIIO, BCe cnycTOWHJIH i HHIIJ.MllH, fH€3HO, 3HiH, HaKEJI, Illbpo.ZJ.y, I1o6€.D;3icK, KocTmHH, K.Jieqon Ta HaBKOJIHillHi ceJJa ,lJ.Oill:eHT}' CllaJIHJIH. 13 rH€3HeHCbKOrO KOCTbOllY norpa6yBaJJH i p03IllapnaJIH Mi)l( co6mo cKap6u :H KJJeMHOJJ.M, Hat.Ie noraHH. TaKO)I( III)'KaJJH, 6y.D;fliH Ha60)l(HHMH, KOCTi CB. Boi1:Qexa, aJie Ti 6ynH Ha)(iMHO CXOBaHi. f1oTiM pymuJIH .ZJ.O C€pa)(3hKOi 3eMJii, TaM TaKO)l( BH.HBHJIM Bopo)l(y )l(OpcTOKicTb, cnanHJIH YHEMOB, CEpaJJ.3b, CTaB, Bapry, Ca.D;eK Ta iHllli HaBKOJIHillHi ceJJa. Y C€pa.D;3i npiop JJ.OMiHiKaHQiB, ,D;aBHO 3HaMOMI1M 3 eJib6JIOH3bKI1M KOMT}'pOM, npHHlllOB ,ll.O HbOrO i, BKJJ.HKHYBlllH Ha KOJJiHa, nponm, ll~06 TOM He 3aMMaB :Horo KOCTbOJIY. KoMryp )l(e si.unosis, m:o He po3yMi€ no-noJibCbKH. TaM )l(e, .SIK XH)I(i BOBKH, BOHH CflO'laTK}' KHH}'JI11C.SI Ha KJUIIIITOp, 3a6paJIH KOCTbOllbHi i npocTHX JIIO.ZJ.ei1 cKap6H, m:o T}'.ZJ.H 6yn11 3HeceHi, 11 3anaJIHJIH KJJ.HIIITop. 06T.SI)I(eHi 3JJ.06Ht.It.IIO, BOHH flOBCpTaJI11C.H 3 HeiO ,ll.O llpyccii i 3HOB BHpyiiiaJIH 3a HeiO; TaK KiJihKa pa3iB. I1oTiM BOHH B.ZJ.epJIHC.H .u.o Manol Ilonhrn;i i eTaJIM lllliOHJJ.pyBaTH HaBKOJIHliiHi Cella. JlOKOTOK y)l(e 6yB CTapHM, a OCKiJihKH Ti npHrO,li.H Bi,ll. )l(e6paKiB TpanHJIHC.H caMe B U.eH t.IaC , TO 6yB JJ.y)l(e CMfTHHM. BTiM BiH IIIyKan BiHCbKa, .HK Mir, i BHCT}'llHB npoTH xpecTOHOCIJ.iB. Y .u.eHb )f(opcmo1(_a CB. CTaHicJiaBa, KOJIH CXO,lJ.HJIO COHQe, BiH ni.D;iHillOB ,li.O xpeCTOHOCU.iB y CeJii 6um8a J zyecmo- Enesa i, caM CTaBmH Ha tiOJii cnoro niiiCbKa, no.u.as xpecToHoCQ5lM 3HaK .ZJ.O HOC~Afu 6HTBH. BoHH 3aB'.H3aJIH Mi)l( co6o10 BeJlHKY 6HTny. JloKOTOK nocJiaB csoix, ).J.O,ll.aB, )J.e Tpe6a, CBi)I(OrO BiHCbKa, aJie ,ll.OJIH 6HT811 6yJia w.e He neBHOIO. llOTiM, OCKiJJbKH TaK XOTiB focnO.ZJ.b £or, HiMQi llOl.JaJIH TiKaTH, a Hallli B noroHi 3a HHMH 6iJibllle lx y6HJIH, Hi)l( ni.u. 'lac caMoi 6HTBH. J!K nume ,Any-

474

KHHrA IV rom, TaM nOJISir:no HiMI\iB .no copoKa TMCSitt, a11e iHwi no.n.aJOTb TiJibKM .n.naJU..\SITb THCSitt. TaKo>K TaM 6ym-1 n6HTi KOMrypH: fepMaH 3 E.nbuJIOHra, Anb6pexT i3 f.n.aHCbKa, BO)f(,n.i 6yHTin, Ta i1 iHwHx 6araTo, Ol<piM noJioHeHHX. Haw11x )f(e 3 MMJIOCTi DO)f(OI MaJIO 3arHHyJio: .HK cni,n.tUfTb KpoMep, 3 npoCTOJIIO.llY TiJibKH TPHllQSITb, a TaKO)f( 12 HaH3Hat~Hiuntx WJISIXTH'-IiB. IHmi TIO}laiOTb, U.\0 B6YITHX 3 nOJibCbKOfO npOCTOJJlO.Ay HapaXOBYBaJIOCSI II .SITCOT, aJJe, SIK KO)f(eH MO>Ke no6attHTI1, llOJJ.SIKH 3 He3piBHSIHHO MCHWHMH CUJJaMH npH cnolx MaJIHX BTpaTax po36HJJH I I (c. 42) neJIHKY noryry HiMQin i 3.no6yJIH CJiaBHY 3BMTS~ry*. To.ni noJISIKM B3RJIH 3 Ta6opy xpecTOHOCQiB 6araTo 3)l.06H'-Ii . l(.H 6HTBa 6yJia 17 sepecHSI 1331 poKy. flOTiM KOp011b o6 'I)f(,ll.)f(aB none nicJI.SI 6HTBH i no6a'l.JHB noJibCbKoro UJJISIXTHtta JiopiHHa W aporo, KOTpOrO TpHtti 6yJIO npo6HTO CllHCOM y QiH 6HTBi . lliJISIXTHtt, Jie)f(attH, BTHCKyBaB y ce6e KHWKH, KOTpi BHJia3HJIH 3 iKMBOTa. GraBWH Ha,L{ HHM, KOp011b 3 .»<a.JiicTIO CKa3an: «I Qei1 TepnHTh seJIHI11opi.SIH ni.n.nonin: «Ue U.\e Hi'-Ioro, MOCTHBMH KopoJIIO, a.Jie XTO Ma€ 3Jioro cyci.n.a B ,n.aHoMy HOMY ce.ni, .HK R, TO ue U.\C ripUJe». KopoJib cKa3aB HOM)': «He ryp6yi1c.H. 3niJibHHmc.s~ Bi}l IJ.bOfO 3JIOfO, RKU.\0 3aJIHlliHWCR ii<HBHM», i HaKa3aB MOfO ni.n.HeCTH, Il..\06 nopaHeHHH 6ys peTeJibHO ,lJ.OfJI.SIHYTHH. floTiM WJIRXTHtt OJJ.Y.»<aB i no36yBC.H csoro 3Jioro cyci.n.a, 6o KOpOJih 3 i1oro KopoJiiBCbKOIO ll.le.n.picTIO no.n.apysan HOMY nee ce11o. KpiM Toro, U.\06 Qei1mJI.HXTHti Mas BitiHe cni,n.'l.JeHH.si pHQapchKOI MYiKHOCTi, no,n.apysas i1oMy rep6: TPH cnHcH, a Ha3BaB «€niTa» ( KHllJKH.- 10. M.), 6o paHiwe TOH HOCHB rep6 3 K03.SittHMH poraMH. TiicJIH Qi€1 n epeMorH KOpOJib Hanas qepe3 Ma3osiio Ha XeJJMiHChK}' 3CMJIIO i HHI..I.\HB ii norHeM i MetieM B3JJ.OB.»< i nnonepeK. To.n.i xpecToHocui, 6a'-IatiH, mo eTa€ noraHo, CTaJIH npocHTH pitiHoro nepeMHp' .SI, noTiM Ha .nna poKH, noTiM- Ha TpH. BpemTi 1335 poKy Mi.»< noJihCbKHM KopoJieM Ta xpeCTOHOCQHMH 3 M)'.npocTi KopoJiis KapJia YropcbKOro Ta JIHa l.IecbKOro 6yno YKJiaACHO y BHlllerpaAi MHp Ha TaKHX yMonax: mo6 xpecToHocui oTpHMaJIH TioMopcbK}' 3eMJIIO i H€wany, a ,l(o6>KHHChKY i Ky.SIBCbK}' 3eMJii nonepHyJIH; 1.1.\06 ni.n.paxyaa.n11 3a BTpaTH .n.ec.HTh THCRti 3JIOTHX. XpecToHocu.i npHCTaJI.H Ha l.\C, aJIC llOTiM CBOfO CJIOBa HC ,lJ.OTpHMaJIH XVII MaricTp PyiJM:b¢, caxco'H.Cbxuux1Ul3'b, 6yn np11i1H.HTHH Ha uei1 yp.s~.n. 1339 POKY aa naHYBaHHH 33-ro iMnepaTopa JliO).(OBiKa, nan.H EeHe,AHKTa II, a B TIOJibii{i - Ka3HMHpa BeJIHKoro. Qeii pol<}' Eo>Koro 1342, ai6paam:w neJIHKe aii1cbKO, BHCTYDHB 3 HHM .n.o Honore MapKrpa<J>cTna, nparH}'l.IH Jioro co6i ni.n.KopHTH. TioTiM JIHTBa, HanaamH seJIHKOIO CHJIOIO, poanycr.HJia I I (c. 43) 3aroHH i Hana.Jia Ha Tipycci10; a6Hnana JIIO).(ei%, a rl.\o TiJibKH TpanHJIOCH, Te o6epsyJia ua nonin. Ha6panmH nonoHeHHX, xy.llo6H Ta qHMaJIO iHmoro .n.o6pa, noaepHYnacH Ha3a,n. TioqyBiliH npo ue IIJIIOH)(pyaaHH.si, Py.noJib<J> .n.an cnoKiii HoBOMY MapKrpa<J>cTBy i rroaepuyncH Haa~, nparH}'l.IH pJt'lj'BaTH CBOiX, aJie He BCTHr, 60 3aCT~B TiJibKH. ).(HM Bi)J. He)la~HiX BOrHi~, a JJHTBa niWJia reTh. 3 BeJJHKoro rroTpHciHH.SI MancTp a6o>KeBOJIIB. ToM}' BIH 6ys CKHJ-IYTHM 3 ypHJJ.y, np:wneaeHHH 11.0 EHreJibc6ypra, )le MaH>Ke HeB)lOB3i noMep i 6ya noxoaaHHH y Kni.n.3HHi. Eya Ha MaricrepcbKOM}'ypH.Ai TPH poKH. 1

•"fyr.BMiuteHO MaJIIOHOK 6HTBH, 11\0 JIB.IISIE co6010 HIDKHIO 'laCTHH}' M3JIIOliKa B KH.I

opHnHcury).

475

(C. 198

'llfapuu. nOJibCI>I(UU UlJIJI~mu'l:,

3anu>\!jE 6 ce6e I(UIUI(U

Piz, ziiJHa na.M'Rmi

XpecmoH.OCf:9 npoc.llmb

ntptMupil

X'7/JJ npyc· CI>I(!JU .Ma·

zianp

KHHrA IV Xo/IIJ npyc· Cbi(JJU )tQ·

zicmp

XVIII MaricTp npyccbKHM reupix,l(y3eMC/J (Ousemer) BCT)'fiHB Ha YPM 1343 poi<)' Eo)Koro, 3a "tJacin iMnepaTopa JliO~osiKa, nanH KnMMeHTa VI, an

llOJiblld - naHysaHHH Ka3HMHpa BeJIMKoro. BiH cnoqaTK)' noMeTHseH lbfTsi aa KpMB~H, B'tJHHeHi 3a "tJacin esoro nonepe~HHKa, ni~6ypns npoTM JIMJllumo8cbi(_Q Tonr.:(in see xpHeTMHHeTBO, nparHftiH lx ~omeHry BMKopiHMTM. JhtTsa, To6y6eJne· 'li!Hicm" TO KHH3i Onhrep~ i Ke:HC'ryr, 3anqaey npo ~e ~oni,naBlllHC.H, see noni,nMiTaJIH nepe~ MHJIHMH fOCTHMH: sci KpaiHH, npHJierJii ,l.\0 llpyeeil, eaMi enyCTOlllM'JIH, llOTOflTaJIM 36i)Kif<ll Ha llOJISIX i SMllaJIHJIM', xyAo6y BMfHaJIM B ryeTi JiiCH Ha He6eaneKy, He 3aJIHlliMJIM )KO~HOfO npoBiaHry. lloTiM SOHM A06pe yKpinMJIM 3aMKM i1 cpopTeQi. )KiHOK, ,niTei1, JIIOAeM, :w;o ,no 6HTSH He rO)l.HJIMCH, nponeJIH y 6e3neqHi MicQSI i, nee MYAPO cnopSIAMSUUf, tieKa.Jnl 3i Jllum8a eBOiM niikhKOM HanorOTOSi. KOJIH AO HHX ,niMIDJia SicTb, I.U;O feHpix 3 npye· o6Jypu.na npycc:i8 eaMH Ta 3 iHllli1M11 naHaMH, eBOIMH llOMiqHHKaMH, BJJ:epeSI ,l.\0 )J(My.Ui, SOHH TC)K He c11.n.inH 6e3 .niJia: Onbrep.u 3 JIHTBOIO .no IHcpJISIH.lJ.ChKOI 3eMJii, Keifery-r )Ke 3 TPOU.bKOIO i rpo.l(HeHebKOIO lllJIHXTOIO- s.uepeSI ~o Tipyccil. BoHH npOHlllJIMeSI no I<BiTyqHX 3CMJISIX, HM~aq11, nyeTornaqH, 6epyq11 BeJIHKY 3)J.06Mq. XpHeTHSIHehKi )I( Koponi 3 op,neHebKMMH MarieTpaMH i 3 neJIMKHMH eHJiaMH ysiHlllOSlllM B nyery 3eMJIIO, He Ma.JIH q11M 3aHHSITHCH, a .l(O TOfO )I( i He Ma.JIH nponiaHry, 60 nepe.l( HMMH 6y.11o 3H.HTO y6pye. ToMy BOHM noqaJIM MepTM Bi)J. rOJIO.Uy, a B IXHiX Ta6opax 6yJIO HCHMOnipHO THIKKO. Tio6aqMBUJM Qe, Koponi Ta iHllli naHoBe BMJiaHJIM npyeebKoro MarieTpa, ~o lx TaK ni.usis, a noTiM, BTpaTHBlllM 'tJMMano JIIO,nei1 ni.n: roJio.n.y, MyeMJIH nonepTaTHeH .n:oAOMY· TaK OJibrep.n:, noHMI.U;HSWH nee n lH<FJISIH.lJ.ii, notiaBlliH niA fa6ea.nbebKoro .uo )J.epnTehKOro €nHeKoneTna, a Ke:WeryT- seiO CaM6ii1:ebKY 3eMJIIO, 3,n:o6yB11111 6araTO 3aMKiB i MicT, 3 BCJIHKOIO 3)J.06HqqiQ nosepHyJIHeH iHIDH· MH lllJIHxaMM. A npyeebKHH Ta iHcpJIHHAChKHH MarieTpH 3aeTa.nH y esoix aeMJJSix nyeTKH. TaK JIHTBa x1npieTIO B3HJia ropy, Hi611TO KaJKYtiH: «l.Ub TH )J.O MeHe Ha fOJIO,l.\, a H ):(0 Te6e- Ha BeeiJibHHH o6i,n. TaKOI XHTpOeTi Ma€MO npHKJia.n y AracpoKJia. BiH, KOJIH KapcpareHHHH 3Ao6ynanH MiCTO CipaK)'3H, 3 .l(BOMa eHHaMH i 3 JIIO,l.\bMH, HKHX Mir 3i6paTII HallJOM.LJ.Kypyq, npOnJIMn .l(O AcppHKH, KOTPY nono10san HK xoTiB i po3rpoMJm KapcpareHebKi niliebKa I I (c. 44) 3 lxHiMH reTbMaHaMH. Jllum8a HaerynHoro poKy, Ma10q11 AOnoMory 3 pi3HJIX KpaYH, niH 3Hosy Hanan poJ6uma Ha J111TBY i3 eopoKa THO:lqaMH oiMebKa i, ,lle Mir, B3.l(0B)K i nnonepeK SOIOBaB 3eMJIIO. OnbrepA, 3i6panrnM cKiJII>KI1 6yJio MOJKHa siH.ebKa , BAapHs Ha HbO· roB ,n:eHb CTpiTeHHSI )J.iBM Mapii i nicJISI TPHDaJiol 611TBH3 nepeMiHHHM yenixoM JIMTBa 3a3HaJia nopa3KM: nonHrno TaM JIHTBH AO AeeHTH THC1lti. Onb· rep,n: BJiiTKy Hanan Ha TipyecbKY 3CMJIIO, ~06 nOMCTHTHe.H 3a eBOIO nopa3ey, 3aXOnMB, eKiJibKH Mir, 3eMJii, cnJIIOHApynaB i 3a6paB y HeBOJIIO KiJibKa TI1C.Hq XpHCTHHH. TioTiM nieJIH pi3HHX BiHH 3 Jl11TBOIO QCI'i MaricTp [eHpix 36y,n:ynaB KJI.HlliTop y JlesHiKy, TpeTbOMY KopoJiincbKOMY MicTi; mieTh poKiB no6ymnH np11 BJia.l(i, noMep y Epau;HHi, a noxonaHHM 6ys y Man~>6opi<y n I<OCTbOJii CB. AHHM. XIX npyc. XIX npyccbKHH MaricTp nmpix ifiou Kiunepaoe (Kinperade) 6yn nocTaBCbi(JIU Ma· zicmp JICHHH Ha MaricTepcbK1111 yp51;~ 1348 poKy 3a naHyuaHH.SI iMnepaTopa Kap·

476

KHHrA IV na IV, nan.u KnaMeHTa VI, a y Tionhmi - Ka3MMupa BeJIHKOro. Ha IJ.bOMy ypR.ll.i niH 6yB ~ 1 piK. IJ,ei1 MaricTp Mas npH co6i n OpJ~eHi B'4eHHX JIIO,u.ei1, HacTaBJUIB 6paTiJO n .nyci mo6oni i cTpaxy Eo)l(oro; caM niH 6yn My)KeM eHeprii1HJ-IM i .u.i.RJibHJ1M. BiH 6yn Ha~I)I(OpcToKiumM noporoM JJMTBi - .si3H'4HHKaM, llOCTiJ1HO 3611pas npon1 HI1X BiHCbKO xpHCTJUIHCbKMX ,Aep)KaB, y6MBaB, nycTOIIJHB aeMni, xoTis lx aosciM nHKopeHMTJ1. JIMTna )K a,AasHa 3BHKJia .no BOEHHHX cnpan j B3a€MHO npyccaM Di.A,A.R'-Iysana, j TaK BOHH 8'411HHJIH C06i noJJ.Biihry IIJKOJJ.y. 3 apa,u11 CTltCJIOCTi DMKJia.ZJ.y .si nporrycKalO ue, '-IHTaH icTopiiO JJJ.ITOBCbKY xpoHiKy. POKY bO)I(OfO 1353, KOJIH B 6 epe3Hi, KBiTHi i TpasHi BciJIRKe 36i)K)i<.Sl B rap.SI'-Ii ,AHi TaK p03KOXaJIOC.si, lllO B)l(e KBiTHyno KOJIOCOI, panTOM B,z:tapHJIH CMJibHi XOJIO.U.H i HeO'-IiKynaHm1 CHi r, 11(0 Bl<pHB 3eMJIIO rnapoM y .nna JiiKTi nacoToiO. CTpHBO)KeHHH opaq .u.opyq11n ue Eory, ane He cno.nisasc.s~ Ha BeJIHKY KOpHCTb 3i CBOEI npaui, ane focnO,lJ.b DOr 3BOJII1B QHM CHi roM .n:an1 TIOJibu.d He'4ynaHHH spo)KaH. Ti ){(, mo 3MiTaJIH cHir ai a6i)K)K.H, Hi'-Ioro He .u.icTaJIH, Ma6yTb, BOHH He noKJia,na.nHc.H Ha focno.na Eora. Uhoro :>K poKy MaricTp feHpix noronan )KMY.ll:h, a KOJIM ai a.n.o6M'-I'-IIO nepTanc.H .u.o ParHeTH, To caM snan 3 KOH.H i 3JiaMan npany PYKY· Uiel )K H0'4i aropis ParHeTCbKI1i1 aaMOK, i ani,u.c11 nonTiKaJIO, MaiO'-IH oKaaiiO, '4HMaJIO JIHTBH.

1Tocmiiiui 6um8u npycciO J .11um001o

Ympa thti panmo(}uii cniz

PoKY 1378 feHpix, MaJO'-IH BeJIHKY noMi'-1 a HiMe'-I'lHHM, TPH'-Ii Hana,u.an Ha JlHTOBChK)' i )l{MY.li.ChKY aeMJii, IIJ.O a)(( .no BiJibHa npMXO.li.HJIH HiMui i cnaJIHJIH TIOJIOBHHY MiCTa, a .U.pyry MiiiJ.aHH Jie,U.Be B6eperJIH. AJie He B 3M03i B3.HTH niJieHChKMX 3aMKin, nonepHyJIHC.H Ha3a,u. ai a.no6H'-I'-IJO; Kei1cTyr y u.el1 qac 6yn y s' .H3HHIJ.i y npyccis. Y I.:(eii qac O.l(HH HiMeiJ.b 3 neHeUi.HHIJ.iB npH.nyMan 3a.l(JI.H 3HHIIJ.eHH.si 6araTbOX JIIO.l(eH TIOTY)KHY i CTpamHy MeTa.nesy 1378 POIQJ sorHenaJibHY 36poro, /I (c. 45) KOTPY MH 3BeMo rapMaToiO. npui>yMaHi CTOMJieHHH rrocTiHHHMH nil1HaMH 3 JlHTBOIO npoT.s:roM 31 poKy, zap.Mamu MaricTp feHpix aMiHHB )KHTT.H Ha cMepTb i 6ys noxonaHHH TaM )Key Ma.nb6opK)' B KOCTbOJii CB. AI-IHH. XX MaricTp rrpyccbKHH KoupaiJ l(OA'bue/J (Zolner) 6yn o6paHHH Ha Ma- XX npyc· Cbi(JlU

ricTepcbKHH npeCTOJI 3a '-Iacis naHYBaHH.si 33-ro XpHCTHHHCbKOrO iMnepa- .Mazicmp TOpa Baii.JiaBa, nanH Yp6aHa VI, yropcbKoro H noJibCbKOro KOpOJI.H JliO.n.niKa. BiH aa npHKJia,ZJ.OM csolx rrpe.u.Kis '-IHMaJIO 3Ha'-IHHX i cJiaBHHX 6HTB 3 JIHTOBCbKHMH KHH3HMH, To.n.i me .si3HqHHKaMH, T06To 3 KeiicryroM Ta Jlraii:JIOM, 3 BiTOBTOM i CnH.l(pHraHJIOM, nponis 3i 3MiHHHM ycnixoM. llponinwH siciM poKiB Ha ypH.ni, n oMep; 6yn noxonaHHH y Manb60PKY· XXI npycchKHH MariCTJ> KoupaiJ ¢ou BaJt'bnOA'bm (z Walpoltu), a6o ¢o1t XXI npyc· Cbi(JlU BMeUpoiJ (z Walenrodu), 6ys o6paHHH Ha MaricTepcbKHM npecTOJI 1388 pol<)' .M~Uicmp 3a qacis 33-ro iMnepaTopa Bai.:(JiaBa, nanH BoHi<f>an.iH, KOJIH n lloJibtni ~ac JIHBO nauynas Bna~HcJiaB RrawJio. BiH 6ys cnpas)I(Hiw coJI~aT, JIIO.l(HHa )I(OpcToKa i ruiBJIHBa, sci .nyMKH i1 6a)KaHHH HKOi KPY)KJUIJIH HaBKOJIO BiHHH. BiH 6ya BeJIHKHM BOporoM KCbOH.l(3iB , qeHidB i BCbOfO ~epKOBHOro KJiipy, nepeCJJi.z:tyBaB .nyKOBeHCTBO, a KOJIH llOMHpas, TO He ,nonyCTHB Jl.O ce6e )KO~Hoi .nyxonHoi oco6H. KonH niH 1391 poKY :Hmos 3 neJIHKHM BiHCbKOM soJJ.OIO i cyxoJJ.OJIOM .no JlHTBH niJJ. KosHo, To, npuiiwoswH , eTas Mi>K piKaMH

477

KHIIrA IV HiMaH Ta Binij{ 3a MHJIIO ai.n KoaeHCbKoro 3aMK}' i T}'T >Ke HaKa3aB BeJIHKHMH CHJiaMH 3acHyBaTH u 36y.n.yaaTH TPH 3aMKH: nepwHM - MeMepse.nep (Memerweder), .npyruii- PnTose.nep (Rhytoweder), a TpeTiii- MeTeH6ypr (Metenburgiem), $1K BiH IX Ha3BaB. 3 UHX TpbOX 3aMKiB xpeCTOHOC~i 1.JaCTO HaDa,lJ.a.JIH Ha Jbnsy i "'lfHMJIH BeJIHKi WKO,D.lf BOI'HeM i Me1.JeM, 3a I..nO iM JhiTBa B3a€MHO BiM$1"'yaana; npo ~e tJHTaM y KHM3i II B onHci JlUTBH, C. 35, TaM >Ke .nocTaTHbO .nosi.naElllC$1 npo ixHi xuTpi, Kpuaaai u TpuaaJii cpuqKH. Qeu MaricTp, nponaHyBaBWH TinbKH 4 poKH, llOMep i 6yB DOXOBaHHH y KOCTbOJii CB. AHHH B Ma.nb60pKy. XXII npycXXII MaricTp KoupaiJ rfiou JOuzimm (z Jungingen) 6ya o6paHHH Ha MaCI•IQlU .M~icmp ricTepchKMH npecTOJJ 1392 pol<}' 3a tJacia 3ra,naHoro iMnepaTopa Ba~aaa Ta nana pHMChKoro EoHi<l>au:iSJ.. L(e 6yJia JIIO,D.HHa, $1Ka nparHyna WBH,nllle MHpy, Hi>K siuHH, BiH si,noMHH 3aB,D.$1KM csoiii nOCT}'DJJHnocTi, aaB>K,nH 6ya Tnepe3HM, JJI06MB "'HCTory, DOTepnan qepe3 u:e Bi).l HeCDOKiHHHX xpeCTO· Hocu:in, SJ.Ki, ara,nyiOtJH npo Hhoro, roaopHJIH, ~o uoMy ro,nMJIOC$1 6 6yn1 tJeH~eM, a He MaricTpOM. AJJ.e niH Bee ~e CKpOMHO 3HOCHB Ja)J.Jl$1 JafaJibH01'0 MHPY· BiH naHynaa 12 poKin, noTiM noMep i 6ys noxoaaHHM y KOCTbOJii en. AHHH a Manh6opKy. Ilpo BiMHH 3 JlHTnOIO, I<OTpi Bi,lJ.6yBaJJHC$1 3a qaciB ~bOI'O MaricTpa, tJHTaii I I (c. 46) y nepwiu KHH3i B onHci naHyaaHH$1 KopoJij{ Rrafula, c. 91, i KHHJi II B ODI1ci JlHTnH, c. 36, 37, 38. XXI I I npycCbiQJu.Ma. zicmp

'Bimo6m !J'(!UliJae .Mup

J zyecmonoc~u

XpecmoJtoqp nopyUJyiOmb

nept.MupR

XXIII npyccLKHH MaricTp Yitopix rfiou /Ouziuzeu (z Jungingen ), pi,nHHM 6paT KoHpa,na, 6yn o6paHHM Ha MaricTepchKHH npecTOJJ 1404 pol<}' aa naH}'BaHH$1 24-ro iMnepaTopa PynepTa Ta nanH p11MCbKoro fp11ropij{ XII, KOJIM y IloJihi.I.\i naHynan .HraiiJJo. Ueii MY>K 6yn cyaopai1 i noifonHHl.JHH, MaJIO .n.6an npo cniif ycTaB, Mas 3Ha1.JHi KOH<l>JiiKTH 3 cyci.naMH, He JJ1o6un caoix po)J.H'lin i ni.nJierJIMX, a aaMKH ix O).lHi 3a611paa, a iHwi cnycTOIIIyBaB. Ilpona,nHB BeJIHKi niHHM 3 JIHTBOIO Ta noJij{KaMH. 3 U:MM MaricTpoM Many KonHi 3ycTpiti JIMTOBCbKHH KH$1Jb BiTonT, yKJia,naiO'lH 3 HMM MHp, WBM)J.IIle IIOTpi6HMH, Hi.iK ,no6pHH, 60 TO,lJ.i niH Man 't{HMaJIO KJIOIIOTin 3 MOCKOBMTOM, TOMY )l{My,lJ.CbKY .nep.iKaay JaiiM. .. . can xpeCTOHOC~$1M B11.JHMM )J.apoM, )J,anWH IM JIMCTH, IIHCaHl JiaTHHOIO Ta HiMeU:bKOIO MOBOIO. A KOJIH 6i.nHa .iKMY.ll.b He XOTiJia CJIY.iKHTH HiM~$1M , a ITO HO"'ax .zzyun1Jia i a611aana lxHix ypSIJ.\HMKia, npooviM TaKO.iK BiTOBTa, J..n06 niH ix He BiMaBaB )KOpcTOKHM HiMU:SIM. O,lJ.HaK BiTOBT np11sin lx ni.n HiMe~bKe $1pMo, a )lo6.iKI1HCbK}' aeMJIIO )J.JJ.R cnoro 6paTa, KopoJIR noJJbCbKOro .HraiiJJa, .nicTaB ni.n. xpecToHocuis. XpecToHoc~i. I..n06 JJerwe MO.iKHa 6yno np11HenoJII1TI1 .iKMY,lJ.b, no6y.nyBaJJI1 TaM TPH 3aMKI1: .naa - Ha)J. piKoiO HEB$1)f(a (Niewiaza) , a TpeTiw- n r11pJJi ,ll.y6icc11 (Dubyszy) , .n.e BOHa sna,nae y HiMaH; TaK 3 o6ox CTOpiH HaCTaB KOpOTKHH MHp, ane i HOrO Bi,lJ.KI1HYJII1 HeCDOKiHHi xpecTOHOC:Qi. Eo KOJII1 1400 poKy 6ys aeJJHKMM Hespo.iKaM: y Jhnni, Koponb BJJa)J.HCJJan nocJian .no Jl11TBI1 6pary BiTosry 20 Kopa6JJiB, HaaaHTa.iKeHHX a6i.iK)I<$1M, aJie sci ~i Kopa6ni npyccbKI1H MaricTp Ynbpix Hai<aaas aaxonHTI1. KoJJH .iK CTaJIM ix .no6HnaTHCR, TO noHH U.\e 11 cMiRJIMCR, KIDKY1.JH: «Ue XpMCTMSIHH llOCMJiaiOTb HaM 36i.iK.iKSI )l.JI.SI 6op0Tb6M npOTH .SI3H1.JHI1KiB». ,l(o

478

KHIIr A IV Toro )K JlliTOBChKHx K)'lll..\iB, KOTpi 6y;m a ParHeTi, s6nm1, a lxHi TOBapM Mi)l( co601o no.n.iJIHJIJ1 i1 po3TRrJIH. CnoHyKaHHM KpHBJlOIO, BiTonT osoJio.n.in )l{M)'.AChKOIO aeMJieJO, RKOIO noc-rynHBC.H xpecTOHOCI..\.HM Ja)J.mi MHPY· BiH nOBHraH.HB i3 3aMKiB ypR.D.HHKiB Ta CTapOCT, qaCTHHY IXHiX BORKiB y6HB, iHWHX nos' R3aB; BCe 1..\e )I(MY.llb cnptu1H.HJia 3 BeJIHKOIO pa.llicTIO, 60 BH3BOJlHJiaCR i3 )I(OpCTOKHX pyK. floTiM 6yJIO CKJIHKaHO CeMM y JleHqHQi, 3 .HKOrO si.n.npanJieHO nocJiiB )1.0 npyccil, rOJIOBHI-IM Mi)l( KOTPHMH 6ys MHKOJiaH KyposChKliH, rH€3HeHChKHH apxiEnHcKon. KoJIH niH rapHOIO npoMOBOIO nis Maricrpa )1.0 MHJJoro MHPY, TOM i3 JanaJIOM CKaJas, Il\O Herai1Ho xoqe noMCTHTHCSI JIHTBi. To.lli apxiEnHCKOn, He B CHJii CTepniTH nHXH Maricrpa, CKaJaB: «flpHni1HH Jl.HKaTH HaC BiMHOIO, 60 RKll.J;O BHCT}'llHUl npOTH JIHTBH, To JacraHew TaM Hac, roTOBHX .n.o sii1HH». Ha Qe Maricrp YJihpix cKaJas: 'BiiJnoiJWt, J.tazicmpa «,.Uo6pe, .zr.o6pe! 0cKiJibKH R B)l(e 3Hal0 KOpOJISI, TO BOJiiiO CXOllHTH rOJIOBy, nOIUII((l.M a He HOrH». I Hes.n.os3i cTsep,n.HB enol CJiona, 6o, si.n.npasHBWH Haaa.n. nocJiiB, CH.1IOIO B3HB ,.Uo6)1(HHCbKY 3eMJIIO i cnaJIHB, I I (c. 47) a cTapocTy J1Ry6a I1JloMiHCbKoro 3 yciM pHQapcTBOM HaKa3aB cTpaTHTH. Ct1JIOIO 3.lJ.06ysas TaKO)I( TiiniH, Jlinao, 3oJioTopH10, a Bo6poBHHK i BH.n.rom; J.n.o6ys XHTpicTJO. To.n.i xpecToHocui BH.HBJI$1JIH neJIHK)' :>KopcToKicTb: WJUIXT}', Mim;aH, Xopmo· CeJI.HH 3 .zr.p~HHaMH, 3 .D.iTKaMH py6aJIH i B6HBaJIH. flo6a'lHBliHI Qe, KOpOJib Rraiino BHpywHB Ha siiiay 3 noJI.HKaMH, JIHTBOlO Ta p ycc10. lloJI.HKH 3 pycCIO MaJIH liTH 36npaTHCH .n.o BoJib6o)l(a, a seJlHKonOJlHKH - .n.o JleHqnl.{i. lloTiM KopoJih, BHWHK}'Banwu siiichKO 6iJI.H P a.Aaeiiosa, npuH:wos .n.o Eu.n.romi B OCTaHHiH ,ll.eHb BepeCHSI i TaM npOT.HfOM BOCbMH .D.HiB B3SIB QCH TO.Zd no-ry)f(HHH 3aMOK. TipycchKHH )f(e MaricTp 3rpoMa.AHB csoi siH:cbKa y CnEL"(i (Swiecict). flpOTH HHX KOpOJJb llOCJiaB l.laCTHHY CBOrO BiHCbKa, HKe, po3rpoMHBIIIH HiMI.{iB, 3axOllHJIH iXHi Ta60p11 3 HaMeTaMH. 3Bi,l{CH 'UIM ,l(a.Jii, THM CHJibHiiiie 3pOCTaJia HCHaBHCTb Mi:>K HHMH; XOTiB llOMHpHTH ix i l.ICCbKHM KOpOJib, a.Jie s:>Ke He 3Mir 3acnoKoiTH cepl.{.H, po3'HTpeHi 3 o6ox 6oKiB. Uhoro 1410 pol<}' Y Jibpix ai6pas HiMCI.{hKi BiMCbKa l.IHCeJibHicTlO 140 THCSil.l i CTaB Ta6opoM Ha,n piKOIO ,.UpaeHI.{OIO. Rraiino )f(, noJibChKHH KopoJib, 6y.ny1.1H CKpHB,l{)f(CHHH, BHCTYfiHB 3i CBOiMH BiHCbKaMH, KOTpi BiH 3i6paB i3 flOJlbll.J;i, Pyci, CiJle3ii, l!exii Ta iHwHx KpaiH. ,.Uo Hboro npn6yJIH if noJibCbKi lliiDIXTHqi 3 Yropw;HHH 3i caoiMH 3aroHaMH; BOHH 6yn11 3a csoi 3ac.nyru .n.o6pe 3a-

J(jcmb

zyecmo· HQCJji8

'Biih'@ HiMeg&llj ma no.n&ebllj

6e3ne'leHi a Yropw;RHi, ane noniJlu see .l.{e noKHHYT"· a .nonoMaraTH cnoi:H aiT'IH3Hi a)f( .no cMepTi. Mj)f( HHMH 6yJlH 3aaiwi, fpa6oBChKi, BporJlOBCbKi,

.u..

Ka.nbChKHH, CKap6eK, llyxana, fopcbKHH, ManbChKHH iT• To.ni )f( npH6ys .no Hboro ti BiTOBT 3 JlHTBOIO i 3i cnoiMH TarapaMH, Ma3oBel.{bKi KHH3i RH}'lll i CeMOBHT. 0TO)f( 6yJio 'IHMaJIO noJibChKoro TaJIHTOBChKoro niiichKa; a npo Te, HK TO'IHJiaCH 6HTBa, l.IHTaH y nepwi:ii KHH3i npH KOpOJii BJia,ll.HCJiaBi XpwM· Hot!P8 HraH.nosi, c. 92 i 93. TaM nonHrJio 50 000 HiMuin i caM npycchKHH MaricTp po;6umo YJibpix 6ys y6HTHH, a KOMT}'PiB 3arHHYJIO 300. UH 6HTBa 6yna B .neHh ens. lloCJiaHL\iB (Rozeslanc6w). TioTiM Koponb noCJiaa HiMI.{iB JJ.O llOJibW:i. ~o6 BOHH orOJlOCHJJH BciM CTaHaM npo 3BHTHry, .li.ai-JY Bi.zr. fOCOOJ].a. lloTiM BCJI lloJihllUl cTaJia secen01o 3aB)UIKH Eory, ni.n KoTporo noxoJJ.HTb KO>KHa 3BHTRra; "'HTaH y KH. I, c. 94.

479

KHHrA IV llicJUil.\i€i nopa3KH 3acMyt~eHi xpecToHocQi, npHixaBIIIM .n.o Manh6opKa, npOCHJUf KOpOJI.SI, 11.{06 BiH /l.03BOJIHB BJI3IIIryBaTH noxopoH llOJJerJJOMY pHJ.{apcTBy. Ha 11.{0 KopOJJb /l.03BOJJHB, 3 nnat~eM KaiK)'tJH, mo He nparHys ixHbOi cMepTi. To.n.i )K TiJJa HaihHatJHiiiiHX xpecToHocl{iB 6yJJo ypot~MCTO il{uce.n~>· npHBe3eHo .n.o Manb6opKa. TaKo:>K i HalliHX 3 npocTHX, .SIK TOy TaKoMy 3aMinicm1> lllaHni 6yBa€, tiHMaJIO 3arHHYJJO, ane 3i 3HatJHiiiiHX TiJJbKH /l.Ba: WJJ.HXTHtJi y6um~ noJLsu(j6 .HKy6oBCbKHM i UEJJHl.\bKHM, .HKi n 1..\iM 6HTBi BiMaJIH cBoro M}':>I<Hhoro .n.yxa. llOJI.HKH )KHBI..\eM CX011l1JJM KH.H3iB UJTeTTHHCbKOrO Ta OJieCHHI..\bKOrO i Bi,u.naJIM KOpOJUO; BOHM :>I< 6ynM BeJIHKHMH llill.'IO/l.:>KyBatJaMH HiMl.\iB npOTH HaC. 3a.MI(Jl lloTiM KopoJJb pymHB ni.n. Ma.nb6opK; TaM I I (c. 48) Mano He BC.H npyccbi npolJinljii npycc~>l\f Ka, XeJJMiHCbKa, llOMOpCbKa liiJI.HXTa 3 tiOTHpMa €J1HCKOnaMH, T06TO XeJIMiHn iiJiJa10m1>CJl CbKHM, BapMiHCbKHM, JJOMe3aHCbKHM i CaM6iMCbKHM, /l.06poBiJibHO ni,u.nartOJibCbl(pM!J '(op0/110 JiaC.SI ni.n. BJJa.n.y KopoJJH. Koponh TaKo:>K MicTa if 3aMKM npm1HHB y CBOIO

XXI'Vnpyc· CI>IQJU

.Mazicmp

YwcJa1 npycca.Mu

XX'll npyc· CI>I(JlU

,~ttazicmp

!!Tpyccu Jll aM CJ./1 u yzoiJy

Jlzar1JZo J 'Bimo8-

mo.M 8o10E 97pyccil0

YzocJa iJ npycca.Mu

o6opoHy, .SIK-OT: r.n.aHCbK, KpyneBel.\b, EJib6JIOHr, TopyHb, XeJIM, CB€1.\e, fH€B , Tt~eB, Hone, Epo.n.Hil.\e, EpaH.n.e6ypr i 6araTo iHliii1X. TaM Hall. yciMa BM.HBHJiaC.H .ZJ.06pa BOJJ.H eJib6JIOH:>Kl.\iB I.QO/l.O KOpOJI.H, 60 BOHM CBOrO KOMrypa BepHepa TeTMHrepa (Tetyngera) BHKHHYJIH 3 3aMKY, a 3aMoK no.n.an11 KOponiO. Y HbOMY KOpOJib llOCTaBHB KpaKiBCbKOrO BO€BO/l.)' .HHa 3 TapHOBa. XXIV npyccbKHH MaricTp renpix, zpa¢ ¢ou flAayeu (z Piowen)' npHMHHB MaricTepcbKMM yp.s~.n. 1441 poKy 3a 25-ro (Ma€ 6yTM 35-ro.- 10. M.) iMnepaTopa CHri3M)'Hll.a Ta nan11 IoaHHa XXIII , a TaKO:>K 3a naHyBaHH.SI noJihCbKOro KoponH Bna,li.HCJiana .HraH:na. BiH o,ll.pa3y )K xoTiB noMCTMTHC.H 3a CMepTb CBO€I 6paTii, :>KaJiiiO'tJll TaKO)K MiCT i 3aMKiB, ~0 niMaJIHC.SI KoponiO, ni.n.H.HB nii1Hy npoTH non.HKin. A.Jr.e 6aqaqH, mo lioMy He nomacTHJJO, 60 TaM HiMUiB 3ar&-fll}'JIO 11.0 )J.eC.HTH THOiti, MYCMB ,li.06HBaTMC.SI MHpy, SIKHH i oTpHMaB Ha neBHHX yMonax. IToTiM lioro 6yJio CKMH)'TO 3 ypSI/l.Y MixeneM KyxMa:iicTepoM i yn ' SI3HeHo cnoqaTKY B IToKillHBHi, a noTiM B JlewTeTeHi; TaM, HaTepniBlliMCb y H)':>Kll.i, noMep t~epe3 7 poKiB i 6yn noxonaHMH n KOCTboJii en. AHHH B M anh6opKy. XXV npyccLKHH MaricTJ> Mixe!l.'b KyXMaucmep ¢ou Wmep6epz (Kuchmeister z Sterbergu), nii1T Honor MapKH, 6yn o6pamn1 Ha MaricTepcbKHH ypSI/l. 3a naHynaHH.SI 35-ro iMnepaTopa CJui3M)'Hl1.a Ta IoaHHa XXIII, pHMChKoro nanM, KOJIJ1 B TioJibll~i naHynan Koponb 5I raiino, 1412 poKy. Ane BiH He .n.oTPMMaB yro.n.H 3 noJihCbK~-tM KoponeM, yKJia.n.eHol Horo nonepe,li.HHKOM, 6o T)'T :>Ke Hanan Ha ,l(o6:>KHHCbK)' 3eMJIIO, 6e3 onopy nycTOlliHB, a WJI.HXTY i xpHCTH.SJHCbKMX JIIO,ll.eM ri piiie, Hi:>K .H3MqHJ1K, HaKa3aB Bii.UaTH, tJHMaJIO :>KOpCTOKOCTeM aqMHHB. KopoJib Bna.uHcnan, 3BopymeHMH 1..\HMM KpHB,lJ.aMH , o6'€.n.HaB BiHCbKa 3 6paTOM BiTOBTOM; BOHI1 n.n.epJIHC.H .uo npyccil, npw"'OMY IM npH6)'JIO Ha ,li.OflOMOry HeMaJIO ciJie3bKHX KHSI3iB, TaKO)K qexiB i MOpaBaH. ll.HM niiicbKOM He TiJJhKH Tipycci€10, a i1 t.mManoiO q:acTMHOIO csiry Mir 611 OBOJIO,ll.iTH KOpOJib, SIK DMllie KpoMep, a, B3.HBillH KiJibKa 3aMKiB i MiCT, HaCaMnepe.n. Hoi1.n.6ypr, roreHIIITaMH, .AJineHwTaHH, fyTmTa.LJ. , 3HprOHH, a TaKO)K KiJihKa EnMCKOnCTB, .HK-oT: fenbu:6yp3bKe, Pe3eH6yp3bKe, Enb6JIOH3bKe i Kpmu6yp3bKe, nosepH)'JIHC.H .n.o csoi'x .noM in. DoTiM i'x noM11pHB KOpOJib .uaTChKI1H Ta wse.n.chKHH Epii<. n po6ynmu Ha l\bOM)' npecTOJii .n.en,SITb

480

KHIIrA IV p01<in. MixeJib KyxMailcTep cKJian nonHOB(l)KeHHSI , noMep y f.n.aHCbK}', a noxonaHHft 6yn u KOCTboni en. AHHH n MaJib6opKy. MapuiH MypuHii;i .u.o.n.aE y enol it xpoHiLd, UJ.O nicJISI uiEI yro)l.H 3 npyccaMw KopoJib Rrai1no BiJI'ixan .u.o Yropi~HHH ii TaM 3 '-ICCbKHM i yropcbKMM KoponeM Curi3M}'H.D.OM, ri.n.Ho nponiBlliJ1 n ep eronopu . I I (c. 49) noixan .u.o BeJIHKOnOJibli.d. Konu niH npulxan CmpaulHui1 8unaiJol( 3 Tio3HaHi JIO lllbpO.D.l1, cTa.Jiac.n 3 HHM CTpalliHa npMro)la: n .ncHHi1 JICHb J '(SJpOIIt.M He6o panTOBO i1 CI1JlbHO 3aXMapMJIOCb, 6JIHCKaBKa 3 rpOMOM B)l.apMJia B KO- JlzaiiJw.M poJiiBCbK}' Kapery. B OJlHY MHTb 6n:wcKaBKa n6:wna 4 KoponiBCbKMX K}''-~epin; u )lBOX OXOpOHUIB, )l.eB .SlTb KOHC:W ni.ll. )lBOp.HHaMH n03HaHCbKOfO 11 CaH)l.OMHpCbKOfO BOEBO.li.I-t; KOH.H-)J.)f(aHeTa ni)l. KoponincbKMM 36poEHOCL(eM. CaMHM )J.BOp.HHaM Hi'tiOfO He CTa.JIOC.H, TiJibKH y 36pO€HOCL(SI nopnaBC.H O)J..Hr; • v , • KOpOJib :»<e CaM XBHJJHHY Jie:»<aB, Ha'tle Mpeub, a nOTIM npHHIUOB 11.0 naM .HTI, i Hittoro noraHoro 3 HHM He CTaJJOCH, xi6a ll.(O KiJibKa )J.Hin He,noqynan, a npasa pyKa TpoxH 6onina. IIJ.o TaM 6yna 3a cnpana, .u.opy'tlaiO l(e CaMoMy focno.n;y Eory, ocKi.nbKH np11xonaHi Ta€MHML(i Horo cy.zzy, i :»<O,L(HOMY JJJO)J.CbKOM}' •

•

po3yM)' BOHH HelJ.OCTYDHi. XXVI npyccbKHH MaricTp flaJA'b ¢(JnPo3aop¢ (z Rozdorphu) 6yn BMBHUJ.e- X.Xo/1 npyc· ,.,IQlii.MaHHi1 ,L(O MaricTepcbKoro yp.HAY 1419 poKY 3a qacin naH)'BaHHSI 35-ro iMnepa- zi.cmp Topa C:wri3MYH,L(a, pHMCbKoro nan11 MapTiHa Ta non&CbKoro KoponH .HraM'Jia. Ue 6yn M)')K, .HKHi1 nparHYB 6iJibllle MHpy, Hi:»< niHHH. Alle MHJii tteHuixpecToHocui 6yJIH HecnoKii1HMMH i 'tiHHHJIH WKOAY cKpi3h, ,L(e MOr.JIH, 3a mo iM B3a€MHO noJIHKH 3 JIHTBOIO Bill.)l.H'IynaJIH. O,n;HaK niMaHi npyccbKoro MaricTpa, He B 3M03i 3HeCTH l(bOfO HHIUCHH.H CBO€I 3CMJii, o6ypMJIHCH, BHMaraiO'tiH y xpeCTOHOCL(iB, UJ.06 Ti DOKJiaJIH Kpai1 l(MM BOEHHHM KOHcpJiiKTaM, DOTiM i caMi npyccH 3BCPHYJIHCH )J.O DOJibCbKOro KOpOJI.H. BOHH 3M}'lliCHi 6yJIH XpecmoH.Oc~i *aAaTH MHpy; nicnH ttoro nocTynHJIHCH .IKMyAChKOIO, CyAaBChKOIO Ta npu6opHEwencbKOJO 3eMJIHMH i si.u.peKJIHCH si.u. HHX HaBittHo. BoHH Bi,L(ll.aJIH Kopo- l(flni JIIO TaKO)K noJIOBHHY TOPYHChKol nepenpanH qepe3 BicJI}', o6iu.HJIH ni,L(IUKo.n;yBaTH KoponiO iioro BOEHHi BHTpaTH. AJie ii n;10 yro.ny HClJ.OBro TPHMaJIH XpecmoH.Oc~i xpecToHocn:i, xotta lxHiii MaricTp Po3.nopq> 6yn pa.u.Hii i TaKOM}' MHpy; Oll.- .lla.MaJOma. HaK iHmi KOMTYPH He MorJIH 3acnoKoiTHCH i no-cTapoM)' qepe3 JIHTOBChKO- npuii.Hslmy yzo~ ro KHH3.H CBH)l.pHraiiJia noBOIOBaJIH .l(o6)1(HHChK}' Ta KyHBChKY 3eMJii, cna9Tel11Jli(Jl JIHJIH 24 MicTettKa. lliC.JIH I.J;bOfO DOJibCbKa lliJIHXTa 3i6panaCSI i B,L(apHJia Ha 8o1010tm. HHX, po36HJia ix i 6e3)1(aJiicHo nopy6ana. TaM )Ke iHcpJIHHlJ.ChKHH MapmanoK npomu ~ecmo Teo.nopHx 6ys B3HTHH y no.JIOH i3 ciMoMa npyccbKHMH KoM-rypaMH, B3HJIH H.Ocyi8 Hami i% 'lOTHPH npanopH xpecToHocnis, KoTpi Ha 3HaK 3BHTHrH nosicHnH y KpaKosi. TioTiM xpecToHocn:i nocTiiiHo KoHcpniKTynaJIH: i SIBHO, To6To Me'tleM, i noTaHKH, XHTPHMH q>opTeJIHMH, nparHyttH3amKO)J.HTH KOpOJIIO. MaricTp He CXBaJIIOBaB l(bOfO, aJie BOHH HOfO He XOTiJIH CJiyXaTH i B3araJii norop)J.)I(ysaJIH HHM• .Hrauno, cnoHYKaHHH 3JiaMaHHSIM yro.u.H, si.u.npanHB II.O Hosoro MapKrpacpcTBa CeH,n;3iBOSI OcTpopora 3 seJIHKODOJibCbKOIO WJIJIXTOIO Ta 'leXaMH, KOTpi npOTJifOM KOpOTKOfO 'lacy BOJOBaJIH l(IO 3eMJIIO i 3)J.06ynH y xpeCTOHOCI.J;iB )J.BaH~I.J;HTb fOJIOBHHX Ta yKpinJieHHX MiCT. BOIOBaJIH TaKO>K KiJihKa MiCJIL(iB lloMOpChK}' Ta npycc&Ky 3eMJii, CDaJIHJIH Tqes i B3JVIH y nonoH (c. 50) noHa,n ,L(eCJITh THC.Jiq s'SI3HiB. Cna.nHJIH

481

KHHrA IV 6araTHH KJUIIIITop O;nmy i apyi1Hyna.nH 3aMoK .HceHeQb: nopy6asiiiH B'H3HiB, He BCTO.HJU1 QbOrO paay, llOJI.HKM nycTOlliJ.i.nM BCe floMop'.H IDK /1.0 XpecmoHoq~i

CaMOfO MOpH, Ti.nbKM llOMiiK 03epaMH 3a.nHlliHJIOC.H He3aMMaHHMH l.JOTHp-

npoCJlmt> rupeMupJl

H(l,ni.(.HTb ciJI. ITo6R'I11BlliM TaKy TpMnory, xpeCTOHOCQi aanpocHJIM MM.nocTi, a KOJIM nparH)'JIH yxsa.neHHH nepeMHp '.H, TO IM BOHO 6y.no 3HOBY JJ.aHO 3 neBHHMH yMoBaMM Ha

12 pmdn. IloTiM Qeif MaricTp Ilay.nb cpoH Poa.n:opcp, MfiK

cnoKiHHHH i .n:o6puii, npo6ynlllM Ha CBOEMY yp.HJJ.i 19 poKiB, noMep i 6ys noxonaHHH B KOCTbO.ni en. AHHH B Ma.nb6opKy. x.xo/1I npyc· CI>I\FU )fa· zicmp

PoJnycHi )(]JtCmO· HOC~i

XXVII MaricTp Koupao E:p;Lizay3eu (Erlichausen) 6ys o6paHMi1 Ha MaricTepcbKHH ypH/1. 1438 poKy aa naHynaHH.SI 39-ro iMnepaTopa Anb6pexTa Ta ll(acnusoro Kopo.niBChKoro naHynaHH.H y IloJib~i Bna,u.ucnasa Rrai1nosuqa. IJ;ei% MYIK 6ys .n:yiKe cnoKiHHHH i He MaB IKo,n;Horo 6a~KaHHH BOIOBaTH, qepea 11(0 i% caMi xpecTOHOCIJ,i, 3HeMinnHCb, Hiqoro He quHHJIH, TiJihKH )l(HJIH y neJIHKiH poanycTi, :mo .n.y)l(e JacMyqysa.no MaricTpa i , BBa)J(aM, aarHa.no iforo B Moruny. BiH 6ys Ha ypHJJ.i i1 6yn noxoaaHMM.

X.Xo/111 npycct>IQlU .Mazicmp

12 poKiB, noMep y Ma.nb6opKy, .n:e

XXVIII npyccLKHH MaricTp JboiJei2.EpAizayJeu (Erlichausen) 6ys o6paHMM Ha MaricTepcbKIU1 yp.H.n; 1450 poKy aa naH)'BaHHH iMnepaTopa <t>pi,u.pixa III Ta ll(aCJIHBOfO Kopo.niOBaHH.H y ITOJibll(i KaaHMHpa

rv. 3a yp.H.n;y l.(bOfO Ma-

ricTpa npyccbKa lllJI.HXTa i fOJIOBHi MiCTa 6yn11 o6piDKeHi poanyCTOIO Ta )l(Op!llpyccu npUCJLMU

oo 'l(opoHu

CTOKiCTIO xpeCTOHOCIJ,iB i He XOTiJIH B)J(e 6i.nbllle TepniTM QiEi Heso.ni. TOMf, 3MOBMBlllHCb Mi)l( C060IO i BMfHaBlliH xpeCTOHOCIJ,iB i3 MiCT Ta 3aMKiB, CaMi aaxonMJIH ix. 11oTiM BOHH ni.n;npaBMJIH .n;o KopoJI.H KaaHMMpa nosa)J(HHX llOCJiiB i3 lllJI.HXTM i3 3aMKiB Ta MiCT. flpMiXaBIIIH ,li;O KOpOJI.SI, BOHH lllHpOKO i1. KpacHoMOBHO BHKJia.nu enol KpHn,n;M, aan.n;aHi iM )KOpCTOKMMH xpecTOHocQ.SIMM, p03llOBiJIH, .HK MaricTpH, KOMTfpM, a 3a HHMH M iHUli xpecTOHOCI.(i CBaBiJibHO M HaCMJlbHO 3a6MpaJIH y HHX ,n;py)l(HH Bi/1. l.JOJIOBiKiB, TaKO)J( naHHHOK i ,u.inqaT, a Ma€THOCTi, 6y)J.HHKH, npH6yTKH Ta iHUli peqj o6epTa.nM Ha CBOIO KOpHCTb; BOHH CKap)J(HJIHC.H i Ha iHllii CBOI TSI)l(Ki KpHB,UH, o6iI.(.SIIOqJ1 BiMaBaTM nipHe ni.n:,u.aHCTBO MOMY i i1.oro HacrynHHKaM, nonbCbKMM KoponstM, KOTpi 6y/1.fTb nicJIH Hhoro. KopoJib Ka3HMHp, nopa,nMBWMCb npo Qe i3 naHaMM-pa)J,aMM, MaiOl.JM Ha I~e npHpO)J.He npaBO, npHHH.HB IX ni,u. CBOIO

Y.Mo6u, HQ

.RI(Fi'(

npuc.suMu npycc~>l(j

o6opoHy. IlicJI.H qoro npyccbKi noCJIM npMc.HraJIM KoponiO i KopoHi flOJibCbKiM Bi/1. iMeHi rpoMa/1.HH 3ra,naHMX 3eMeJib, BiMaiOl.JHC.SI y Bi'!He KO-

.. .

. ..

pOJilBCbKe niMaHCTBO 3 yciM, .HK npo Qe )J.OKJia.D.Hlllle CBl/1.l.JaTb IXHl npMBIJiei. nOCIIU BoHM npMC.Hra.JIH HiKOJIM He ni.n.C1)'IlaTM si.n. KopoHM floJihCbKoi i )K0/1.HMX Hi

HBHHX, HI Ta€MHHX p03MOB

U~0/1.0

yxna.neHH.SI nepeMMp

l.JI1 3 €)J.HaHH.SI 3

npycCbKMM MaricTpOM Ta iHIIHIMH, 6y.D.b-.HI<Of0 paHry JIIO,lJ.hMH He l.JHHHTH, a.ne 3aB)K)J.H npOTH BCHKHX noporin KopOHH 6fTH pa.D.OIO i IIOMil.Jl.JIO, BpewTi HiKOJIH, I/ (c. 51) aa )KO,U.HMX o6cTaBHH He ni,npHnaTHC.H si.n. noJibCbKMX Ko9Tocnu poJiiB Ta KopoHH. To.n.i )K KOpOJib nocJiaB )J.O npyccii ll03HaHChKOfO €TIH-

8 'Hpycciro on11 8io6upaHHJI

Ja.MI(j8

CKona €H.n.)Kest Ta JIHa KoHeQnOJihChKOro, nepe.n; I<OTPMMH npycchKa, xen. . . . . MlHCbKa 1 MIXaJIOBCbKa WJISIXTa Bl,lJ.)J.aJia lll/1. npMCSlfOIO llOCJIYUleHCTBO Kopomo Ka3HMHPY i KopoHi floJihCbKiif, a nci 3aMKM )l.aJIM oco6aM, ~o lx npH3Hal.JMB KOpOJih. floTiM 6yn CeHM y fpy,n3b0Hl(3i,ll.e npyCCbKi 3eMJii 6yJio

482

KI-Ilir A IV npn€.nHaHo JI.O KopoHH floJibChKOI Ta iHKopnoponaHi n Hel. TaM >Ke 6yJio o6paHO 16 p aJI.HIJX naHiB 3 WJI.stXTI1 H MiCT, KOTpi 3a8)f(Jll1 MaJIH KepynaTM 3

PaiJa npyccbi(JJ7( ceHamopiO

KopoJieM npyccbKOio Pi"t.J'HO flocnOJIMTOIO . TaM >Ke lx 6yJJo 3BtnbHeHo ni.n yc.stKoro no.nHoro Ta 3eMHoro MHTa. Oco6JIMBO 6ynH ynpuniJJei1onaHi ni.ll. KopoJI.SI r)l.aHJ.I.(aHH, npo mo Ma€lll y KHH3i I npu Koponi K a3HMMpi IV, c. 107, 108, 109, 110. TaM )f(e onHcaHa i16HTBa 3

'Eum8a

MaricrpoM ~pecTOHOCI\iB lliO.ll.BiroM, c. 107. TaM qepe3 O/\HH noraHO KeponaHm1 3ariH Hai1MaHtdn caM KopoJJb Jie)..\ne He noTp anHn .ll.O nopO)f(HX p yK i

J >qJecmo-

BTii< mnue 3 "t.JOTHpMa BOHI<aMM. llJ,onpan.na, HiMu;i Ha3)J.OrHaJIM i1:oro Ha 6o-

y ue6eJ"e!Ji

HocW!)tu ?(ppo1111

JIOTi, .ne BiH MY>KHbO 6opOHMBC.SI, a noTiM 3aB,llRKH nopHTYHK}' i Ha.l(aHHIO KOHR JIMTOBCbKHM ll.IJIRXTM"t.JeM Bone10 BTii<, ni.n6HBaiO"t.JMCb. Bi.n Qboro BoJii i1:.ne 3HaTHMi1 pi.ll. Bononw·liB. CTOMJieHHH Koponh npHixan .no H €manH i TaM 3ycTpincH 3 PMTBMHCbKMM, KOTPMH huon 3 Jia3Hi. nicmi np11BiTaHHR I<OpOJJb cKa3an 11oMY, mo niH 3 iHmHMH non.SIKaMM Ta JIHTBOIO MMBCSI He n TaKii1, a y Kpwnanil1 Jia3Hi. lloTiM no6o>KHHM KopoJib ni.nHic xnany focnotzy Bory, KoTpi-di HOrO BHpBaB 3 He6e3ne"t.JHHX pyK, a nporpam 6010 npHnHCaB CBOIM rpixa.M. A Jho.nsir 6yn seceJIMM 3 OKa3ii 3BHT.SirM, 3a mo Mas .ll$IKYBaTM i3 6pa- ?.lazicmp .91.10i)8iz

Ti€IO Borosi, ane n cyn ep eq ryMaHHOcTi, 3ri,nHo 3 .stKOIO soporis Tp e6a srna- zaxwum11 H)'BaTM DOXOpOHOM, BMRBJUIB «MY>KHicTb», 60, npMB '.st3aBlllH IX Hi Tina 3a HOrn miA.a ,no KOHeH, HiMQi TJirJIM .llO piqOK i KH.llaJIM y BO.Lzy. T aKO)f( BOHM po3rpoMMJIH KOpOJJiBCbK1111 Ta6ip i norpa6ynanM, RK DHlllYTb .n.e.stKi xpoHiCTM, qOTHpH

86umu~

no1Ul'(i8

THC.stqi B03iB 3i CKap6aMM Ta BC.SIKHM .no6poM. floTi M BOHH OOCJiaJIH ,no HiMel.(bKOl CTOpOHH 6yH,ZUO~IHi BicTi , noBi.ll.OMJIJIIOqM npo CBOIO ryqH}' nepeMOry. An.e He.nonro BOHH BTiwanMoi cnorM TPiYMcpoM, 6o noJibChKHH KopoJib Ka3HMHp o,npa3y )I( BHpyniHB .llO flpyccii i 3HOBY 3.l{06yn TaM qJ1MaJIO 3aMKiB y xpecToHoc~in. A JliO.ZJ:Bir, He MaiOqH qwM 3allJiaTMTM cnorM cJiy)I<HJlHM BORKaM,

.n:an cnoe CJiono nepe.naTH iM 3aMOK Ma.Jib6opK, KOTPkl1 noTiM BMB KopOJib. l.JHTaH y KHH3i I, C. 108 npH I<opoJii Ka3HMHpi, SIK KOpOJib K}'IlHB HOrO y BO.SIKiB 3a 4 76 000 3JIOTHX, npHqOMY TiJJbKH r,naHI.UaHH ,l{aJIH Ha Qe O.l(pa3y 40 TMCJiq, a noAAKH cKJianH 25 000, pemry )I( C)'MH 6yJio oTpMMaHo 3 .stKHxocb iHlliMX ,l{)l(epeJI.

flfoltfopcu;y

TioriM Jlro,nnir Man KinbKa 6HTB 3 KopoJieM Ka3HMMpoM, ane nocrii1Ho nporpa-

JeMAIO,

Ba.B. 3 QbOro qacy xpecroHocrd BTpaTHJIH cnol CHJIH. B pernTi

Ka3HMHp, B3RBmH MicTO 11 3aMOK Xoi1HiKH, I

1466 poxy Koponb

(c. 52) Ha npoxaHH.st6araThox

Ja.RIQI no/I.Jli(Jl J

zyec-

moHOC~u

KWI3iB }'KJiaB niqHe nepeMHp '..st Ha nenHHX YMOBax 3 npyccbKHM MaricTpoM Ta

6oi08Q/lu 180 pOJ(j6,

HiMe~bKHM Hapo.noM. Ko.n11 xoqem.noiUia.nHime 3HaTH icTopiro npo ~e. To qHTai1 KHHry II, onHc JlwrnH 3a Kopo.n..st Ka3HMHpa, c. 54. 3 I.(bOro qacy, T06TO

po6aHo y flfoll~o~y

ix1C9PM·

1466 poxy, TioMopcbKa, MixanoscbKa i KynhMeHCbKa 3eMJii iHKopnoponaHi y KopoH}' Tio.JIDChK}', a 3a ui 3eMJii no.n.H:KH BOIOBanH 180 poKin 3 xpecTOHOCUHMH. TiiCJI.R IJ;boro JliO.ZJ:Bir, no6ynm11 Ha ypAAi 17 poKiB, noMep y KpynenQi i TaM )l(e 6yn llOXOBaHHH, OCKiJJbKH 3 TOrO MOMeHry, .SIK KOpOJib OBOJIO.Z{iB Ma.nb60pKOM, npyccbKa CTOJIH~ 6yna nepeHeceHa .no KpyneB~.

XXIXnpycchKHH Maricrp reupixPoiic(Rheus), epa¢ ¢oullttayen(Piawen), XXIXnpyc· CI>'(JlilMa· cnoro MaricTepCTBa.ZJ:OCRr pol<}' Eo)l(oro 1467 3a t~acis iMnepaTopa <l>pi.z\pixa titmp

III Ta naHynaHH.st B nonhnd KasHMHpa rv. BiH 6yn Ha I.(bOMY YPR.n:i TiJibKH 11 TH>KHin, noMep i 6ys noxonaHHH y Kacpe.npaJibHOM}' co6opi B Kpynen~i.

483

KHHrA IV XXX npycCbiQJU J>fa.

zicmp

XXX npyccbKHH MaricTp reupix, zparfi rfiO'Jt Purfi'l1'le'H6epz (z Ryphtenbergu). 6ys o6paHHH Ha Micue llnayeHa poKy EmKoro 1470 Ja naHysaHHR iMnepaTopa Ta t~acis nanu CHKCTa Iv. TipHixasmH Ha ni1oTpKyscbKHH cei1M, siH

npucRrHys Kopomo, a noTiM nosepHYBCSI JJ.O Tipyccil. Ue 6ys MY* rocTp:uii i cysopuii; CXOUHBWH Teo,D.opa, CaMJISIIf.nCbKOrO €llHCKOna B llpyccii, BKHHYB iioro ll.O B'HaHuui s aaMKY s Tanii, ,D.e ii JaMop:us roJIO.D.OM. BiH 6}'B Ha 'Eopomb6a UbOM}'ypH.Ai ciM poKis, a no cMepTi 6ys noxoBaHHH y Kpynenui. 3a naHYBaH..Atix IQUl· JAAlU HH UhOrO MaricTpa B HiMetJtJHHi BH6yxHyJia BiHHa Mi)K KHSI3SIM.H. 3a UbOrO !Jloco/1 MaricTpa np.H6}'B JJ.O nonb~i Ha cei1M nocon nepcbi<oro KopoJIH i poJnosis 8W nepc~>· npo ycnix, KOTp:uH: nepc Mae Ha;:r; T}'pKoM, npocSitJH TaKO)K, mo6 3/l.pyroro 1(9ZO P\9pOAS1 6oKy Koponb pymHB Ha KoHcTaHTMHonOJib 3 xpHCTHSIHaMM, ~o6 sHrHaTH rypKiB 3 fpeuil; siH (max.-/0. M.) xot~e cTaTM 3 .D.pyroro 6oKy, MaiO'llM HanoroTosi B)Ke 5 MiJibHOHiB BiHCbKa. lloc.ny 6yna ,D.aHa Bi)l.nOBi}J.b, IU;O KOpOJib iioro MOCTb Ha see JJ.aCTb si,D.nosiJJ.b i HanMwe qepe3 csoro nocna. Jl.HCTH 6yJIM ll.HCaHi apa6CbKHM llHCbMOM. XXXI npycXXXI npyccLKHH MaricTp Mapmiu Toucec rfiou Beuzay3 ( Theuses z Cbi(Jiii J>fazicmp Wenchauzu) 6ys 3a naHYBaHHH iMnepaTopa pi.D.pixa III Ta pHMCbKoro nanH CHKCTa, TaKO)K 3a naHysaHHSI nOJibCbKOro KoponH Ka3HMMpa IV BiH cnot~aTKY BHJiaM}'sascSI a npMCHrM Koponro, ane noTiM 14 79 poKy )l,as ii. TaK 3anaH}'BaB MMP y Tipyccii. Ue:H MaricTp 6ys Ha ypHJ1.i 12 poKis, noTiM noMep y Kpynesui, XXXII npyc· CbiQiu.Ma -

zicmp

XXXIII np!JCCbiQIU .Mazicmp

XXX I'll npycc~>IQlU

.M azic.rrrp

ii 6ys noxosaHHH y Ka<!Je.D.pMbHOMY co6opi. XXXII npyccbKHH MaricTp Hozau Terfieu (Thefen), 'llOJIOBiK i3 3HaTHoro po.zzy lllseiiuapcbKOi 3eMJii, 6}'B o6paHMH Ha MaricTepcbKMH ypSIJ1. 1489 poey 3a naHYBaHHH iMnepaTopa MaKCMMiniaHa Ta nanM IOni11, TaKO)K noJibCbKOro KoponSI Ka3HM.Hpa. Uboro )K pm<y niH cKJias npMcSiry I<Oponro. TioTiM niCJia cMepTi Ka3HMHpa, KOJIM 6ys HemacHHH noxi)J. y Mon)J.asiro KOPOJIH 0Jib6paxTa, Ha KoTpHH Jri.U.HO 3 /I (c. 53) )'MOBaMH nepeMMp' 11 npyccLKHH MaricTp MoraH cpoH 3e<PeH (z Zephenu) BHpyrnns 3i csoiM pHuapcTBOM i nTpaTHB TaM seJIHKf KinhKiCTh cnoro niH:cbKa, spernTi H: caM noMep ni)J. t~ac noxo.zzy. BiH 6ys npHBe3eHHH aJK 3i Jlbsosa )1,0 KpyJiesua i noxosaHMH y Kacpe.u.paJibHOMY co6opi. Ue 6ys }J.o6pMi1 qoJioBiK, npaBHB Op.u.eHoM 9 poKiB. Qeii noxi.u. naM' SITHHH llOJISIKaM i HHHi, 60 t.tepe3 MOJI,lJ.aBCbKf 3pa.u.y BOHH 3arHHfJIH y Jiici B ByKOBI,I'Hi. llpo l.(e t.JHTaH B KHH3i J npH KOpOJii 0Jib6paxTi, C. 115. XXXIII npyccbKHH MaricTp cPfJiojJix, 3 EoJICoi' .aaCKu caxc01ic'b'KUU 'K.Wl3'b ifiou,lbopuuz (z Duryngu), Mapxzparft repMaUOy (Hermandu), 6ys llOCa)J,)KeHHH Ha MaricTepcbKHM npecToJI y KpyneBI.(i poKy DO)I(Oro 1498 n ,neHb cs. MMxaiJia 3a t~acis iMnepaTopa MaKCHMiJiiaHa Ta nann IOJiiH. Ue:H BMJiaMysasc.H 3 npnc11r11 Koponro 0Jib6paxTy, HCHO, mo i 3 nocnyrneHCTBa. KoJIH )K si.u. HbOrO l.(e t.JaCTO BHMaraJIOCH KOpOJieM i nOJibCbK11M CeHaTOM, TO BiH nonepHYBCH .u.o cnoei Mei1ceHChKoi 3eMJii, siH )l.eHb y )l,eHb Bi.QKJia)J,aB csoro npMcSiry i TaM )Ke noMep, 6ynlllM Ha MaricTepcbKOM)' ypn.ni 12 poKiB. Y Qew )Ke '-laC llOMep MOJIO.QHM i KOpOJib 0Jib6paXT, Ha MiCI.(i HKOrO CTaB MOrO pi)J.HHH 6paT OJieKcaH)J.p. XXXIV npyccbKHH MaricTp Allwpexm, 6pauiJen6yjJ3'b'KUU.AtapKzpa¢, OHfK noJihCbKOro KoponSI KaJHMMpa, ncryn11u 3 nHIUHI1MM uepeMoHiHMH Ha Ma)J.e

484

KHHfA IV ricTepcbKIIH npecTOJI poKy Eo:>Koro 1512 3a qacin iMnepaTopa MaKCHMiJiiaHa Ta nann IOni.SI. Ha l..\ei1 yp.SI~ y Kpy11enr~i niH npwlxan 3 400 KiHHOTHH· KaMU B ~eHb CB. l.J.eU.UJiii. 'YHMaJIO 3 HHX TO.lli CllO~iBaJIOC.H, U{O 1..\eH MaricTp, 6y.n.y'4H TaKHM MOryrHiM, '4HHHTHMe JHat.JHMH onip noporaM noJI.SIKiB. Ko11w :>K HaCTaB t~ac, TO llOJibCbKHJJ KOpOJih ~06HDaBCSI Bi.ll. npyCCbKO fO MaricTpa Anb6pexra rOJib~yTa nocJiyllieHcTsa. Alle TOM, MaiOt~H ni.n.TpHMKY ni~ iMnepaTopa Ta HiMeU.bKOro Pei'Ixy, He xoTiB Qboro '41-IHHTH, i naarani niH cTapaHHO Ja6eanellM8 BiMCbKOM Ta r apMaTaMH npyCCbKi JaMKM, lli,06 3MOrrH ~aTI1 nOJJ.RKaM BiJlci"'. ,lJ.o6Hsanc.SI TaKO:>K DoMOpCbKOI Ta npycchKOI3eMeJib, 6e3 9Tpyccb1(UU aoni iHWHX MaricTpia, KoTpi 6ym1 B ITanii Ta HiMet~t~I1Hi, Hit.~oro He xoTin .Mazicmp IU >(O'le t~MHMTM. lloTiM iMnepaTop Ha CJiaaHoMy 3 'IJ.n.i y Bi.n.Hi o6iQ.SIB KopoJIIO CH- 1(opumuc.R nO/!bCbi({J.My riaMyH.llY npMBeCTH )lO llOKOpM Allb6pexTa, a SIK6M TOM He CXOTiB, TO He 1(opone/Ji ni.n.TpMM)'BaTM tioro. O,nHaK Qe MYCMJIO noTiM BMKJIHKaTM KpoaonpoJIMTT.H, i npuc.R zamu 6o Anb6pexT cno'laTK)' noMany, a noTiM CHJibHime poaa'.H3aB nit:lHy npoTH csoro .ll.H.llbKa CHriaMyH.n.a, npo ~o 6y.n.e .n.ani.

PElJI, KOTPI ,Z1J.HJIJ1C5I 3A ITAHYBAHH5I UhOrO IIPYCCbKOrO MAriCTPA AJihEPEXTA i .HKi MeHi 3Aa.JIOC5I IIOTpi6HHM

T)'T KOpOTeHhKO OllHCaTH POKY Eo)Koro 1519, aoceHH, Mi)K noJibCbKHM KopoJieM CHriJM)'H.ll.OM ra npyccbKMM MaricrpoM Anb6pexToM, 6paH,neH6yp3bKHM MapKrpa<}JoM, noqanac.SI aeJIMKa nii1Ha, ocKiJihKH I I (c. 54) .Anb6pexT He Ti.nbKH Bi,n:MOBJIRBC.SI nJiaTHTM ,n;aHHHY, a H Hana,naB Ha )KM)'.ll:CbKi KOp.llOHH, 'IHM CTaB ,n:aBaTH OOJibCbKOM)' KOpOJieBi npHBi.l( )lO rHiBy. lliCJIJl '!OrO B ,n:eHb 06pi3aHH.H focno,n:HbOrO niH HCCllO)liBaHO OBOJIO,n:iB llOT}':>KHHM KopoJiiBCbKHM aaMKOM EpYHa6eproM (Brunsberg), a KopoJIIO i1oro KiJibKa aaMKiB i MicT .n.o6poBOJibHO ni.ll:.n:anMc.H, .HK-oT: MEJib3aK (MieJzak), MiliMMry (Milymhu) Ta iHilli. TIOTIM KOpOJlb, no6a'IMBlliH .HBHMH 6YHT Anh6pexTa, Bi,n:npaBHB CBO€ BiHCbKO ,n:o Ilpyccil, poa6HB KiJibKa paaiB xpecTOHOC~iB i 3HOBY 3,n:o6yn y HHX KiJihKa 3aMKiB, .HK-oT: foJVIaH,Z:( (Holland) i opaH,Z:(e6ypr (Brandeburg), KOTpi KoponiBCbKe pHu.apcTBO, cnycrowMBmH Ta norpa6ynaalllH, cnaJIHJIO. IloTiM pol<)' 1520 r.n:auw.aHH s,n;eHh en. fepTpy.n:H 6opoHHJIH npoxiA.n:o nopry, JJ.O BanrH, .HKHH aayrb BapTeM (Wartem), si,n: 6pa~eu6yp:>Ku.is. 3~ l.J.bOrO BOHH 3aTOOHJIH ,n:Ba CTapi KOpa6Jii , Il1XYH}' Ta 60T, HanOBHHBillH iX KaMiHH.SIM . .l(osi,n:aBIIIHCSI npo u.e, npyCCbKHH MaricTp 3i6pas CTillbKH BiHCbKa, CKi.nbK.H 3Mir, i DOCTaBHB Ha,n: HHM reTbMaHOM BOJih$raara illoHeH6eprepa; Qei:f cno'laTKY B3HB qepea KaniTyll.SIUiiO Tqen. TioTiM, MaiO'IH 3 co601o niiichKa xpecTOHocu.iB, )(eB '.SITh THC.SI'I niwux Ta TPH THC.SI'Ii KiHHHX paifTapiB, BHCT}'llHB Ha f,n:aHCbK. )l;iaHaBWHCb npo u.e, r)(aHlll,aHH COaJIHJIH nepep, MicToM TPH wnHTaJii, ~o6 He JJ.aTH soporoni MaTepia.rry JVIH npHcryny; HeMaJIO BOHH CaMi C06i B'lJHHHJIH lliKO,n:H, 60JI'lJHCSI me 6iJlbWOi Bi;t xpeCTOHOCl.l;iB. TaM )Ke BoJib<PraHr, cTaBWH a xpecTOHOCl.J..SIMH Ha ropi, KoTpa 3BHqauao 3BeTbC11 BicK)'llCbKOIO (Biskupi~), aaKaaas nOT}'>KHo cTpiluiTH no

485

9Tp!JCCI>IQlU .Mcuicmp noza6 6ii1· HY npomu I({JpOIUl

XpumOKOCfP 06JIO~UJIU

!TUaHC&I\..

!TUaH!jaHu .My~H&O

cluom& 6i«it

;rpecmo· KOC~

KHHr A IV MicT}' npoTHrOM ~Box ,u.HiB, a.ne 3 JiaCKH EoJKoi JKO~HOMY He 6yno BtJMHeHo IIIKO~M, JKO~HOI JIIO~HHH He 6yJio B6MTO, XOl.Ja ~0 4000 pa3iB 6yJIO ~aHO 3a.nnis 3 rapMaT no Micry, xpecToHocx.d HasiTh noncyBa.nM co6i rapMaTH if

Xpecmo,wc~i

mil(!lJOmb 6iiJ 90aH· Cbi(Q

Xpecmo· IWC~i

poJ6umi

Xpecmo· HOC13i8

6uz1Ul.!lu J 9Tpyccii

9Tpycc~>I(JJ.U

.Mazicmp npocum& nepe..MupJz JVib6pe}(Jtl. ocma11Hiii npycc~>I(JIU

.Mazicmp. npuc.nzac 1\PpOiliO HQ

GhHe niiJiJmum£io

Xpecmo· IIOC!>i 8uZUII!Jilll

8 9Ipyccii

K)'Jii. HaBiTb ixH.SI Hai16iJibiiia rapMaTa 6yna po36MTa 3 r~aHCbKMX Mypis. To,u.i r~aH~aHH6yJII1 o6epeJKHi y BCbOMy, BOHH llOCTiMHO Ha BeJKax, Mypax, 6aiiiTax, Banax i np.H 6paMax TaKOJK TPHMaJIH Hi'IHf cTopoJKy; ~o6pe cnop.H~MJIM KOpa6Jii BiMCbKOM Ta BOrHellaJibHOIO 36p0€10. 3BHl.JaMHOI BOrHenaJibHOl 36poi Ha BeJKaX BOHH MaJIH 8000, i ~e He paxyiOl.JH pyrnHM~b, KOTpi BHKOpMCTOBYBaJIM Mi~aHM. 3 MiCTa Ha xpeCTOHOC~iB 6ys cnp.HMOBaHMM TaKHH rycTHM BOrOHb, ~0 KOJIM TiJibKM XTO 3 xpecTOHOC~iB BMCOByBaBCH 3-3a IIIaHQiB, TO llO HbOM)' CTpiJI.HJIM 3 n' .HTM raKiBHHQb. 3 O~HOrO JIHIIIe KOpa6JI.H r~aHI.l.\aHM MorJIM o,nHnM Jia,l()'HKOM 3po6HTM .u.nicTi nocTpiJiin. Koponb noCJias ~o sipHHX HOM)' To,ni r,u.aH~aH Ha ~onoMory 12 THOJ.q ~o6ipHHX mo~eif , KOTpi 'lepe3 )Kynany npm1WJII1 npocTO .no r~aHCbKa. f1o6al.JMBIIIH, 1.1.\0 IXH.H npa~H MapHa, w.o BOHH caMi Hecyrb ~o~eHHO see 6iJihiiii BTpaTM i ~opa3 6iJibWe IX l.JH rMHe, l.JI1 llOTpanJI.H€ B llOJIOH ~0 r~aH~aH, xpeCTOHOC~i M}'CHJIM Bi,li.CT}'lli1TM Bi.ZJ. f.ZJ.aHCbKa. f.ZJ.aH~aHM JK 3 ~11M BiMCbKOM, KOTpe npHMIIIJIO Bill. KopOJIH, norHanncx 3a HHMH i 3Bi.l(yciJib ix 6HJIM, ciKJIH, s' H3aJIM, I I (c. 55) TaK w.o MaJIO xpecTOHocu:is sTeKJio 3Bi.l(TM. Pemry * nepe6HJIM Kawy6H Ta noMop~i. f1oTiM MuKonai1 CTypq (Sturcz) 3 KopoJiiBCbKHM BiMCbKOM Ti 3aMKM, KOTpi nepe.l( QHM BOJib<j)raHr B3HB iMeHeM MariCTpa, nosepHyB KopoJIIO, .HK-oT: Tt.Ies, CTaprap.l(, Xoi1HiKH Ta iHIIIi; nosiuaH.HBIIIH 3 HHX HiMr(iB, BiH llOCa.l(HB y HMX KOpOJiiBChKi BiMCbKa. lHIIIi )I( 3aMKH Ta MiCTa .l(06poBiJibHO ni.l(.l(aBaJIHC.H' KOpOJIIO, a xpeCTOHOCHHX l.JeHI.J;iB HK BHyrpiruHiX BOpOriB Ta SIBHHX 6yHTiBHHKiB BHraHHJIH 3i CBOIX KpaiH. To.ni KopoJib CHri3MYH.l(, MewKaiOl.JM s TopyHi, B.l(.Ht{HO npHHH.HB si.l( focno.l(a Bora .l(Bi macJIMBi HOBMHH: nepwa - Hapo.l()l(eHH.SI Bit( KopoJieBH oOHH CHri3MyH.l(a AnrycTa, .l(pyra - nepeMora Hat( xpecTOHOCQ.HMM. A :u:e .l(i.HJIOc.H poKy Eo*oro 1520. Hacryn:Horo poey npyccbKHM MaricTp AJib6pexT, BTpaTHBlllM siiichKO i He 3Hal0l.JH, W.O l.JHHHTM, nonpOCHB JiaCKH y KOp01I51 i 3aB,l(51KH npH51TeJI51M ,nicTaB co6i nepeMHp'.H Ha t.IOTHPM poKH. Kon11 * noHo BI1t.IepnaJIOC51, TO, po3}'MiiOqH 6e3Ha.l(iHHiCTh onopy, 3a;_zyMan ~HHHTH KoponiO niMaHCTBO. To.ni 8 KBiTH.H poey Eo)l(oro 1520 niH, npHixanun1.l(O KpaKona, CBOEM)' .l(.H,ll.bKOBi, noJihCbKoM)' KopoJIIO CHri3M)'H.l(y, .HKHM CH.l(in Ha TpoHi nocepe.l( pHHKf, niMaB cnoE niMaHCTBO i cKJJaB npHc.Hry. TaM *e u;e11 ocTaHHiM npyccbKHH MaricTp AJib6pexT, 6paH,neH6yp3hKMM MapKrpa¢, mo 6ys 24-M MaricTpOM, 3H.HB 3 ce6e '-IepHel.JMH O,n.Hr i 6ys OOCTaBJICHHH KOpOJieM Ha f1 pyCCbKe KH513iBCTBO i Bt{MHCHMH p11u;apeM. TaM :>Ke Koponb.l(Opyl.JI1B iioMy .HK CBOEM)' nacany i niMaHoMY npaBHTM Ha neBHMX )'MOBax sciMa npyccbKI1MH 3eMJI.HMM, .!(as i1oM)' i cnii1: npanop 3 KOpOHHHM rep6oM. 3 Qboro qacy OpJJ.eH xpecTOHOCI.liB npHnHHHB cnoE icHfBaHHH n f1 pyccii. Ueii Op.neH He TiJibKH3 H3Hl.JHHKaMn, npyccaMH Ta JII1TBOIO, a TIOTiM i 3 xpeCTOHOCI..VIMM BiB :>KOpCTOKi BiJ'1HI1. OoTiM u:e:i1.AJib6pexT, nepm11ii npyccbKMH KHSI3b, poKy Eo:>Koro 1526 B3SfB IIIJII06 i3 CeCTpOIO J.(aTCbKOrO I<OpOJISI ,lJ.opoTe€10 i, npo6ynllli1 quMaJIO

486

KHHrA IV qacy Ha npeCTOJli, T06TO niCJHl IlOCTaBJICHH.H Ha KH.si3iBCTDO 43 pOKH, B O,li.HH .n.eHb i niH, i i1oro KHnruHH AHHa Mapin 3 EpayHwnat'rry, KOTPY Man no CMepTi CB0€1 nepwol.n.py)l(HHII,

20 6epe3H51 1568 poKy u Tanil noMepJIH, a n

Kpynesu.i a Ka¢e.n.panbHOM}' co6opi o6o€ 6ym1 noxonaHi. flo co6i DOHM 3aJIHWMJI11 CMHa Alib6pexTa <l>pi.Apixa.

Alto6pexm C/Jpiopix, 6pm~aen6yp30KUUAUljl'KzjJa¢, .ApyrMi1 npyccbKMi1 KHH3b, Ha Jh o6JJ iHChKOMY cei1Mi nOJJhCbKOMY KopoJJIO Curi3MyH.n.y Aarycry, KOTpHi1 CH.AiB Ha npecTOJii, nqJlHHn ni)JJJ.aHcTno i1 np11c.Hry 19 JIMnH.n 1569 pm<y. TaM )l(e KopoJJb i1oro i 6araTbOX iHWHX nocnnTMD y p11u.apc-rno. OcKiJlbKM MM

JVir.6pel(!TI, iJpyzur1 npyccr.1(ur1 I(IU!JI>

6yJIM npHC}'THiMM np11 CKJia,ll.aHHi npi1CHfH, TO I<OpOTeHbKO OllHWeMO OOp51.AOK, o6p.H.ZJ. i u.epeMoHil, KOTpi .n.i51JIHC.H np11 u.ii1 cnpani. I I (c. 56) PoKy Eo)l(oro 1569, Mion-'.H JIHnH.H ,AH.H 19, Ha BaJibHOM}' reHepanbHOM)' JII06JiiHCbKoMy cei1Mi 6yn npHroTonaHHH KopoJiiDChi<HM TpoH Ha ne-

pe.n.MicTi, BiH 6ya )J.}')I(e KOWTOBHO i rapHO 3p06JieHMM, a 3Bepxy np11Kp11THM 30JIOTOIO TKaiiHHOIO. T}'T 3i6panoc.H .ZJ.}')I<e 6araTo JIIo.n.ei1, DOHM 3anonHMJIH

?(oponi8· CI>I(UU

MtUcmam npu IJiiJ6u· pmmi npuc.Jlzu

sci lli.JI.HXH i1: CTe)l(KH, KOTPHMH KopOJih Mas cxo)J.MTI1 Ha TPOH. U e 6ys i npoCTHH, i pMu.apCbKHM JIIO.l(, i ,ne TiJibKH 6yJio HKeCb npHCT}'DHe MicU.e, KO)I(eH qJ!I TO npMKpacaMH, 1.n1 TO KiHbMH, '-111 TO BO€HHHM CnOp1I.l()l(eHH5IM XOTiB rapHO BMfJUI.l(aTM. flp11 U.OM}' KOpOJib MOfO MOCTb BHMWOD i 3 3aMK}' ,li.O TpOH)', OTO'-IeHMM BeJlMKOIO KiJihKiCTIO CeHaTOplB 1 naHiB-p~ KOpOHHMX, .lzyXOBHHX i CBiTCbKHX, HaibHa'-IHiWMX KH.H3iB, CBOIX HaHKpa~MX rpa<fliB i ,ABOp.HH. fl epe.n. HMM HeCJIM BeJIHKHM 6iJIHM npanop 3i 3BMl.JaHHMM rep6oM, MOrO Epa3M}'C .ll:eM6iHCbKl1H, M}')f( 3Ha'-1Hoi ¢aMRJiii, CHH KopoHHoro KaHI..J..Jiepa, Hie HOBOM}' KH.H3eBi B .D.ap. IToTiM KOpOJib 3aHWOB no O,D;HOfO ,li.OM}' HanpoTR TPOH)', HKHM 6ya rapHo snop.H.AKOBaHMH 3 TaKol oKa3il, i caM B.ZJ..HfH}'BC.H B KOpOJiiBCbKHH O,l(.SIT, .HKMH JIH"tiRB ,no TaKOI cnpaBR i .HKMH JiaTMHHMKM 3B}'Tb

OiJ.Rz iJ.Il.JL ')"PfYttUCmOCmeU, T06TO B,D;.HfH}'BC.H B C}'JII.l;HTH, ,ll.aJlbMaTHK}' i napqesi lllaTR, TaKO)I( OOKJiaB Ha fOJIOB}' 30JIOT}' I<OpOJiiBCbi<}' I<OpOH)', npMKpameH}' .LJ.OpOrOI.J;iHHMM KaMiHH.HM Ta nepJiaMR, i KOIDTOBHRMM pyKaBHI.J;HMM B3.HB }' p}'KH .nopori I(JieJ:iHo,nH. B,n;HrH}'BlliM nee ~e. niH Ti.Jibi<H To,ni 3iiimon Ha TpoH; HOfO cynpoBO,li.)I(}'BaJIH nHCOKO,li.OCTOHHi B rocno,n.i XpMCTi OTI.J;i Ta naHOBe: 3 o.n.Horo 6oi<y rH€3HeHCbKMH apxiEnHci<on RI<y6 YxaHCbi<HM, npHMac TioJibCbKoro KoponiBCTBa, a 3 .n.pyroro - KpaKiBCbKMH EnHCKOn lla,n.HeBcbKHH, nonepe.n.y i no3a.zcy HlllJIM naHH ceHaTopR Ta HaHBa)I(JIHBimi pa,n.HHKH, ,zcyxosHi i csiTCbKi. KopoHHMH Mel.JHHK AH,n>Ke:H 36opoacbKHH Hie oroneHoro Me"lla, rocrporo 3 o6ox 6oKia, caH,n.OMHpcbKHH BOEso.n.a lleTpo 36oposcbKHH Hie 30JIOTe .H6JI}'Ko 3 xpecToM, a KpaKiBCbKHH soEso.n.a CTaHiCJiaa MHmKOBCbK.HH - KOpOJiiBCbKMH CKineTp; BCe ~e BOHH HeCJIH nepe,n. KOpoJieM. KoJIH >K :Horo KoponiscbKa MOCTb cis Ha npecToJii, TO .n.o H&Oro npHHIDJIH "tiOT.HpH Hai:iJHaTHilliHX npyCCbKHX naHa Bit( CBOrO BOJIO,l(apH, KHH3.H, i 00KipHO npMBiTaJIH KOpOJiiBCbK}' BeJIH"liHiCTb; O,l(HH 3 HMX Bi,l( iMeHi CBOfO OaHa, KHH3H, BHfOJIOCHB B,l(.H'IH}' npOMOB)', ~e 6yno 3p06JieHO rapHO i HaJie)I(HHM 'IHHOM. KOJII.f BiH ii CKiH'IHB, TO KOpOJib HOrO MOCTb T}'T >Ke llOCJiaB 3 ~HMH l.JOTHpMa npyccbKHMH naHaMH csoix 'IOTHpbox naHiB·pa.n. ~o npyc..

CbKoro KHJ13H. To.l(i npHtiwos Hall.s~cuimu:H I<H.SI3b AliL6pexT ~pi.l(pix

487

'EpaJMyc Ve.M6iHCbl(ur1

OiJ.Rz iJAA ypo"'.ucmocmer1

KHHrA IV i ypoqucTMMH cnosaMH BMCJIOBHB y csoi:H opa:uil B~H'iHiCTb :Horo KO· poJiiBCbKiH MOCTi.

Y :UiH npOMOBi BiH o<!JipynaB Ta

aacni~'iHB CBOi sipy,

n~aHCTBO Ta nocnymeHCTBO HOrO KOpOJiiBCbKiH MOCTi. 3 KOpOJiiBCbKO-

ro ,u.opytieHHH 6yJia )];aHa Bi,l:{nOBi.l(b JiaTHHCbKOIO MOBOIO KHH3eBi MOfO MOcTi Ta naHaM ceHaTopaM lioro pa.n;u TaKoro ceHcy: lioro KopoJiiBCbKa MOCTb I

(c.

57) xoqe MaTH ni.l( oniKoiO csoEi KopoJiischKoi JsepxHOCTi

Ta JiaCKH BK HaHRCHiUIOfO KHH311 HOfO MOCTb, TaK i BciX naHiB CeHaTopiB i lioro pa,nu, TaKom maHysaTH, nosa:>KaTH i ,u.ep:>KaTH B qecTi. 0.l(paay nicm1 :Uboro npucryn11s KH113b 6JIH:>Ktie .l(O KopoJiiscbKOro npecToJiy, TaM :>Ke a BeJIMKOIO Ta llOBa:>KHOIO llOlllTHBicTIO 06H11B 3a HOrH KOpOJUI HOfO MOCTb B TOM MOMeHT, KOJIM KOpOJib BJiacHopy'liHO no,nan lioMy 6iJIHH npanop, Ha KoTpoMy 6yJio ao6pa:>KeHo qopHoro opJia

i3 30JIOTHMH niTepaMH S. A. Ha

rpy,nRX, a npH no,u.aHHi 1..\bOfO KJieMHO.l(y CKa3aB TaKi CJIOBaMH CBOIMH KO· 'l(ppo11i6ct>llj C/lo/Ja, }/Jt.pH.eHi npyccb1(9W .Mazicmpa

poJiischKHMH ycTaMH: «MH, CHriJMYH.l(AsrycT, noJibCbKHM KopoJih i T./1..,

. .

3 yct€10 .lzyXOBHOIO 1 CBlTCbKOIO BJia,U.OlO, npHCTaiO'lJH Ha Ballill BaUIHX nt,li.P.aHHX npoxaHHH, no,u.aEMO TBoili csiTJIOcTi i ,noasoJIHEMO, RK MH i 6aTbKOBi TBOEMY HaliHcHimoMy nOP.aJIH

i .l(03BOJIHJIM, y saca.JibHe Y>KMBaHHH aeMJli,

MicTa, nponiHL\ii, BOJIOCTi, ceJia i aaMKH y npyccbKOMY KOpoJiiBCTBi H yso/I.HMO TBOIO CBiTJiiCTb y L\e qepea Ha,U.aHHH T06i 1..\iEi KOporBH. llpHpiKa€MO L\e JiaCKOIO Ta MHJiiCTIO HamoiO KOpOJiiBCbKOIO, J..QO TBOIO CBiTJiicTb SIK HalllOfO HaHMHJiiiDOfO OHyKa Ml1 XOt.IeMO JII0611TH; B 1..\bOMy HiCKiJihKl1 He CYMHiBa€MOC.H, l..QO TBO.SI CBiTJiiCTb 6y,u.elll B/I..SI"'HI1M Ta naM' .SITaTHMelli QIO Hallly ,u.o6py BOJliO Ta JlaCKY i CBOIO Bipy, pa3 HaM )J.aHy, aaxoqem 1..\iJlKOM a6epeiTI1». TioTiM npyccbKHH KHSI3h, TP11MaiO"'H Ja KiHe:Ub KoporsH, cKJlaB np11CSiry Ha,U. KHHraMH CB. €BaHreJli.SI TaKHMI1 CJlOBaMH:

«.H, AJ1b6pexT <l>pi,u.pix, 6paH,neH6yp3bKI1H MapKrpa<P y Tipyccii, KHH3b lllTeTTHHChKMH, TioMopcbKHH, CJ10B' SIHChKH:li, Kamy6cbKHi1, PyrilichKHi1 i Eyp3bKm1, HopeM6ep3bKHH 6yprrpa<P, o6iu..s~10 i npHc.HraiO, lli.O Hai1HcHimoMy KH.SI3IO Ta naHy, naHy CHriaMyH,u.y AsrycTy, HenepeMO:>KHOMY llOJibCbKOMY KOpOJIIO, BeJIHKOMY KH.H310 JlHTOBCbKOMY Ta pyCbKOMY 1 BCIX npycchKHX aeMeJib naHy i ,u.i,u.Ht.IeBi, HK MOEMY npHpO.U.HOMy i .zd.U.H1.JHOMY naHOBi, i HOfO Ha:li.HCHimiH KOpOJiiBCbKOI MOCTi .U.i.U.H'iaM i Hama,nKaM KOpo· JiinchKHM i KopoHi IlOJihChKii1 6y.u.y si pHHM Ta nocnymHHM, i :Horo KopoJiisChKoi MOCTi Ha:Hnm.I~oro MaEcTaTy i .u.i.U.H1.JaM Ta ncii1 KopoHi TioJihChKii1 po6Jl.SI1:.JH ,no6po, MaiO OCTepiraTHCSI lllKO,ll. Ta He6eJneKH, BCe Te 1:.JHHMTI1, ~0 HaJie)I(HTb nipHOMY ni)J.li.aHOMY Ta Bacany, xoqy i 6y,u.y llOBHHeH. IlOMO:>Kl1 MeHi B :UbOMy, focnO.U.H Eo:>Ke i L\e CBSITe €naHreJli€». TipHHHSIBWH UIO npHCSiry, HOfO I<OpOJliBCbKa MOCTb B3HB OfOJieHOfO Me'ia Bi.U. KOpOHHOfO MeqHHKa AH,U.:>KeH 36opOBCbKOfO i HHM HOBOfO KHH3SI, KOTpHH HaXHJil1BCSI, TPH"'i ari,u.Ho Ji 3BH1:.Ja€M s.u.apHB no cnHHi, K~q11: «I..ll;ocHJIH s,u.ap.SIIO Te6e Me'ieM Ha,li. qpecJlaMH TBOIMH». IloTiM )l(e KOpOJlb noKJiaB Ha HbOfO 30JIOTHM JiaHL\IOf, lli.O HaJie)I(HTb KH.H3iBCbKOMy CTaHOBi. IloTiM o.u.pa3y )I( pi3H0f0 11.0· CTOIHCTBa lliJIHXry, KOTpa nparHyJia p11QapCbKOl3HaTHOCTi, llOCBSITHB y pH· Qapi. Mi)l( HHMH 6yn To,u.i nocB.SI'iei·ndi i .SI caM.

488

KHMrA IV Bee ~e JJ.iMOCH 3ri.uHo 3 nopR.D.KOM, yp(Jitucmo i 3ee.;zu?<.mo UULno6ow/ / (c. 58) tioro KOpOJiillCbKOI MOCTi B"'HHHBWJ1 i r.{i pezMii' CKJiaBWM i 3 yc iM 3rpoMa.ZJ.)l(eHH.HM i 3 npycCbKHM KH513eM, np11 .HKOMy 6yJio "111MaJIO HiMe~bKHX rpacpis Ta naHis, nosepHyscSIIJ..O 3aMKy.

ITI,l(CYMKH. ,2:(0 BCI€I nPYCChKOI 3EMJII IlpyccbKa I<paiHa neJIII"'"'IO 3HaMeHH-

'.Eazamcm6a

THX piK i 3PY'-~HHMM nopTaMH EaJITilicbKOro MOp.R € CI<pi3b !J..y:>Ke cJiaBHOIO i !JTp!fCCb'(SJi JeMAi .zzy)l(e KopHCHOIO. BoHa cnasHTbC.H TaKO)l( ci<pi3b i neJIH"'"'IO npeKpacHMx Ta rycTO 3aCeJieHHX MiCT, npoBiHQiH, BOJIOCTei1, ciJI j 3aMI<iB, TaKO:>K j 6araTCTBOM rpoMa,nRH Ta po,u.Ioqicno 3eMeJib. TyT HetiMonipno ne;uma I<iJihKiCTb yciJI51KOI XY!J..0611, TaKO)l( CTaBKiB, MI1CJll1BCbi<I1X yri!J..b i JiiCiD, K0p11CHHX y BCbOM)'. noniTp.R y Qi.i1 KpaiHi !J..y)l(e !J..06pe, a ~o6pi yMoBI1 B:>Ke caMino co6i € BeJIHKOIO BTiXOIO )l(IiTeJHIM. m e !J..O TOfO, SIK npyCCbKa 3CMJIH npHHHSIJia XpHCTl151HCbKY sipy, BOHa Ma.Jia 72 HaHBa)KJH1DiWHX 3aMKI1 , a HaHfOJIOBHillll1X MiCT - 62, KOTpi n o6ytzyBa.JIH xpeCTOHOCQi. A.Jre Tenep IX CTaJIO K)'IJ..l1 ?(illbl(iam, .Micm 6iJibllle. Y QHX 3eMJI51X 6araTO MiCT i MiCTe"'OK, TaKO:>K i 3aMKiB, KOTpi 51K y !Tlpyccii nOJI51KI1, TaK i xpeCTOHOCQi , KOJIH 3 nepeMiHHHM ycniXOM BOIOBa.JIH Mi)l( co6oiO, n o6yll.ysanM; ..RKillO paxysaTM pa3oM 3aMoK 3 Mi CTOM, TO lx pa30M s yciii IIpyccbKiii 3eMJii 6JIM3hKO 138. A HK~o )I( Bill.pi3H51TI1 MicTa Bill. 3aMKis, oco6JIHBO ssa)l(aJO"''H fJJ.aHCbK 3a TPH MicTa, KpyJiesel.'(b- 3a TpH, TopyHb3a 2, Mb6JIOHr- 3a !J..Ba, TO,Zd 3HaHIJ..eTbCSI CTap HX i HOBHX MiCT 3 MiCTe"''KaMH 6JIH3bKO eTa; 3aMKis TaK caMo 6araTo. OT)l(e, KO)l(eH MO)l(e YHBHTH co6i, ~0 ~e 3a KHH3iBCTBO. )l:OB)l(I1Ha IlpyccbKOI 3eMJii 3 niBHO"''i Ha niBJJ.eHb Bill. MicTa TopYH..R, npMKopo!J..OHHoro JJ.O Ma3osil, Ci)l( !J..O 3aMKY i MicTe"'Ka MeMen.s~ HaJiiqy€ n' .SITJJ.eC.SIT BiciM MI1Jib, a 3aBmMplliKM BOHa Ma€ n ' .HT!J..eCSIT "''OTI1pM MMJii, Me*YIO"''M 3 JIHTBOIO Ta Ma3osiero. lcTopMKI1 3HaxOJJ.51Tb y npyccii 17 HaiirOJIOBHilliHX piK: nepma- BiCJia, KOTpa npoTiKa€ Cine3i€IO, TioJJb~eiO , Ma30Bi€IO Ta npycci€IO, JJ.pyraKpoHOH, a6o HiMaH, KOTpa Teqe a JlHTBM, TpeTH- HoraT, qeTsepTa- Enb6JJoHr, n'..RTa- Becepa, mocTa- Ilacapi.s~, ChOMa- An.nst:, BOCbMa- nperenb, JJ.eB 'JITa - Occa, JJ.eCJITa - ,li,pseHI.'(a, OJJ.HHa.ZJ.I.'(SITa - JIMKa, JJ.BaHa!J..~JITa - Jlasi.s~, 1pHHa.ZJ.QHTa- Tiica, qoTHpHa.u;QHTa- foJJb!J..y6a, n'HTHa!J..~HTa- Ayrirpana, wicTHa.D.l.VITa- IHcTep, ciMHa,n~Ta- A.1lbMa. € i1 q:uMaJIO iHlllmc piK, 6araTMX Ha pH6y. AJJe He I I (c. 59) 3HaiOTbJIIO~H, oco6nuso 'l}?f<i, JIK ix TaM asyrb. CaMHx 03ep y Qii:i KpaiHi Ha.JiiqyiOTb 2037. ,li,eJIKi o3epa TaKi sennKi, ll.tO MaiOTb 3aBJJ.0B)I(KH ciM-BiciM MHJib, y HMX HeHMOBipHa KiJibKiCTb pi3HOi pn6:u. Ha 6epe3i BanriuchKoro MOpJI3HaxOJJ.MTbCJI "tiHMano 6ypmTHHf. flpyccbKa 3eMJI..R, .HK MH npo Qe 6araTO nHCaJIH, 6yna CnO"tlaTKY BiJibHOIO, 6yna TaKO>K y JJ.HKOMY iJJ.ononoKJIOHCTBi. Tenep, 6y.Ayqu ni.A oniKOIO Ta o6opOHOIO flOJibCbKOrO KOponiBCTBa, BOHa BH3Ha€ XpHCTHHHCbKY sipy paaoM 3 rpoM~HaMH KopOHH TIOJibCbKOi. nepe~ ~HM xpecTOHOC~i. ~HKo piHHBWH ,AHKHii JJIO,A, p03WIO,AHJIH TaM HiMe~bKHii Hapo,A i CBOi MaETHOCTi;

489

KHHrA IV Tenep )l(e, nicJUI B3HTTH l.(bOfO KHH3iBCTBa llOJibCbKMM KOpOJICM, ~H 3eMJIH € piJI.HOIO HK HiM:QHM, TaK i llOJIHKaM. 0)J.HaK pemTKH CTap.HX npycciB T.JifH)'TbCH aJK JJ.O KypJIHHJJ.CbKoro MOpH. BoHM 3 JIMTBOIO Ta iH<}>JIHHJJ.~HMH, CBOIMH npHKOpJJ.OHHHMH cyciJJ.aMH, 6JIM3bKi MOBOIO, 3BH'llaHMH Ta O)J.HfOM.

B ycix JJ.epJKasax OoJibCbKoro KoponiscTBa HeMa€

JKOJJ.HOi TaKol KpaiHn,

KOTpa 6 MaJia TaK [rycTO) 3a6yJJ.OBaHi 3aMKM, MicTa i CeJia, .JIK IlpyccbKe KOpOJilBCTBO.

IIpyccLKa KpaiHa o6mnpHa,

6araTa Ha see, 11(0 )J.a€ HK 3eMJI.SI, TaK i

BOJJ.a, soHa € JJ.BOSIKOIO: OJJ.Ha € KHHJKa, a JJ.pyra- KopoJiiBChKa. OcKiJihKH KHSI3b 3 MHJIOCTi OO.JibCbKOfO KOpO..TI.SI BOJIO)J.i€, BBa:>KaM, yciM y CBOiX MicTax i 3aMKax, HK ni,u..zJ.aHHM i sacaJI, Il.\O HaJie)IUITh JJ.O KoponincTBa OoJihCbKOro, a cnoiO CTO..TIM:QIO Ma€ y Kpynes:ui, Il.\O € MiCTOM npMMopcbK.HM; TaM 3HaXO)J.MTbC.SI KO.JieriyM 3BM'lJaMH.HX HayK, 3aCHOBaHMM neplil11M KHH3eM Anb6pexToM, 6aTbKOM Toro piJJ.pixa, KoTpMii 6ya nocTaBJieHHM KH.SI3eM 3 MaricTpa xpeCTOHOCQiB. I.J:e MiCTO np03BaHe Hi6MTO Bi)J. KOpoJiiBCbKOI rop11 , Ha3MBa€TbC.SI Kpynese~b, € npeKpacHMM nopToM B npyccbKiM 3eMJii, TYJJ.M nocTiMHO npMXO)J..SITb TOBapM i pi3Hi npo,n;yKTI13 niBHi'lJHHX KpaiH. ,lJ.o :QbOfO 3aMKY nepeHeCJIH CBOIO CTOJIMQIO MaricTp11 3 Manb6opKa, JI.y)l(e yKpinJieHoro

cnanHoro 3aMKY , Hai1MiQHiwol <Pop-

TeQi BCi€I IlpyccbKOI 3eMJii. I.J:eif 3aMOK 6y..110 Ba:>KKO 3)J.06yTH llOJibCbKOMY KOpO..TIIO Ka311MHpy, SIK MM BMII.\e fOBOpM..TIH, MOfO xpecTOHOCHi BO.SIKH Bi)J.)J.aJIM 3a CnJiary 3aC.JiyJKeHOfO HHMM :>KaJiyBaHH.SI,

y HbOMY i

OOHHHi OO.JihCbKMM

Koponh nocTiMHO TPHMa€ Hai1MaHMX BO.SJ.Kin. Qeii 3aMOK Ma€ TaKi ,n;o6pi 3ananr nposiaHry i )J.JIH BciJISIKHX ll0Tpe6, HK llOBCHK)J.eHHHX, TaK i BO€HHMX,

11 llleCTHpi'liHY o6nory. U:e snacHMH KopoJiiBChKHH 3aOpyccil, T06TO 3 THX 3aMKiB i MiCT, KOTpi KOpO..Tib, KpiM KHH:>KOI, 3)J.0-

11(0 MO)I(e BMTPMMaTH MOK y

6yn M~HiCTIO i CMJIOIO cnolx npe.n.KiB. Ueti 3aMOK € ronono10 i CTOJIHQeiO, Jie)f(HTb 3a ciM MHJih Bi.ll f.llaHCbKa. 'l.lHMano iHlllHX i 3aMKiB €

I I (c. 60) 3Ha'lJHHX MicT

y n pyccbKiH 3eMJii, KOTPY MH BMli(e Olli1CaJII1.

1Tpycc111(i KaTOJIHQhKHX €nHCKOnCTB Hen,n;os3i no npHHHHTTi xpHCTJ.-UIHCbKOI ,;nuc'(Pncmf3a nip11 y IlpyccLKi'H 3eMni 6yno 'lJOTMpH: BapMiHcbKe EnMcKoncTBO, KOTpe € HaMrOJIOBHilliMM, HMM Tenep Kepy€ BI1COI<O)J.OCTOHHHH B rocno,n;i Xp11cTi IliMMOH PyJJ.HMQhKMM, CBHTOI pHMChKOI :uepKBM cTapaHHJIH i ,n;o6p11ii nacTMp, CBHT06JIMDOro )KHTTH, li(O 3HaEThCn Ha He6ecHii1 Hay:ui i Cs.SITOMY IlHCbMi. BiH € HeBTOMHMM MOJIOTOM npoTH EpeTMKiB, i 'Horo MO)f(Ha cnylllHO Ha3naTM noTy)f(HMM o6opoHQeM KaTO..TIHQbKOi :uepKBH. KynhMeHChKMM JKe €DHCKOllCTBOM KepyE CBSIT06JII1BO i npnCTOHHO BHCOKO)J.OCTOMH111'1 y rocno)J.i XpMCTi

'.lloJ.topc"'<!! Je.Mil/0

KoHonaQbKMM, cniTMJIO 'leCHOT

HayK.

Ilpo IlOMOpCbKY 3eMJIIO MM B)f(e DHCaJIH BMI.l(e, BOHa np1160pKaHa 3 )J.aBHix qacin MY)f(HicTK> nOJI.SIKiB Ta iHKopnoponaHa JJ.O KopoHH. Koponb

'Eo/leCJia8 Xopo6pui1 Eonecnan Xopo6p11ii, MY)I(Hi:H i macJIHBHI1 noJibCbKHM MOHapx, po36HB npu6opl(flf3 pychKMX KHSI3iB 1003 pmcy i npH6opKan lx nOT)')KHOIO CHJIOIO. ToJJ.i, Hacni.zzy3MiJIIi

cmo8riU y '])uinpi

IoqH repi<yneca, :Qhoro HenepeMO)KHOfO My)Ka, i AJreKcaH)J.a MaKe)J.OHCbKO-

fO, Ha Blt.JHY naM SITb nepeMOfH DOCTaBJ-ID TpH 3aJI13HiiX CTOBIIH Ha pt'll[(l

490

KliHrA IV )lHinpo. noTiM poKy DO)I{OJ'O I 008 niH 110'-JaB Bit'my npOTI1 caKCOHHiB i BCIO ixHJO KparHy t<o.no piK O~pa, E.nb6a i 3aJJi rl 6iJ1SI KiMnpcbt<Oro XepcoHecy, KOTpuit HliHi 3B}'Tb )laHi€10 , 3 OKa3ii BeJlHKOJ'O BO€Hll0f0 I.l.\aCTSI Ili).(KOpHB

'EoJitOta6o(}i cmo8nu 6 IIOMOp· Cbi(.U;f pi l(fJ;r_

ni.!l. cno10 a.na.u.y. O .n.Hi HartroJlonHirni MicTa u.iEI KparHH aiH 3pi s HSIB i3 3eM.neJO, B iHWHX IlOCTaBHB CBOIX Il01151KiB, a BeCb llOMOpCbKMH R3l1Y.HI1U.bKl1H j TeMHI-IH HapOJl. CI1JIOIO npm\tyCIIB Jl.O npHHH.SITTSI xpMCTiiSJHCbKOI nip~-t.

A I.l.\06 6e3CMepTHa naM' SITb npo ~acm1ay 3BI1TRry i B ni3Hirni qacM 6y.na c.naBHOIO B cyciJl.HiX HapOJl.iB, IJ,eH CJiaBHHfl 3BIITSJ)I(eU.b IlOCTaBHB Mi).(Hi CTOB1111 a piKax E.nb6a, 3a.ni i Occa; cKp}'TMB i npu6opi<aB y cix npyccin i noMopRH - fO.flOBHMX BoporiB xp11CTI1.HH . Hono10 i1oro Ta aciEI KopoHM 03Jl.06mo 6yn 6JlarocJioneHHHi1 OraHicJian KocTKa, KoTpMir 3HaTHI1X po).(W·I iB no Y.OJIOBi'-liil JiiHil Ma€ y IJ,bOM}' KH513incTBi,

3al(jlt'UHI/Jl. ~it;i IQIU ZU

TOM)' MeHi 3Jl.anoc.n CJIYlllHHM npMra).(aTH i1oro. A u.e o cb i3 .mwr npM'-IHHH. 14 cepnHSI poKy Eo)l{oro 1605 nana nan11o V npMKpacua y P11Mi llOJlbCbKMH HapOJl. HOBHM JJ.06pOJJ.iiiCTBOM: Ha rpo6HHU.i 6.narOCJIOBeHHOf0 CTaHic.naaa KocTKH, E3y1Ta, .SIKI1M TaM 6ya noxonaHMM , niH Jl.03BOJ1MB noaicMTH Ta6Jli1Y.KM i tior o o6pa3 i3 naMna).(oJO, ~o ropMTb, Ta n y6; JiY.HO BlllaHoayaaTH IJ,boro 6.naroCJioneHHoro My)l{a. A cTanocSI Qe nic.nSI oco6JIHBoro KJlonoTaHHH i:foro MOCTi KCbOHJl.3a I I (c. 61) AHJl.)l(eH 3 EHiHa OnaniHchKoro, nocJia BiJl. HaiiRcHillloro nOJihCbKoro KOpOJI.H CHri3M)'HJl.a III Jl.O U.hOro ca . OTJ..\H, nan11. [(ei1: KocTKa HapOJl.HBCSI a piJl.Hii1 Ma€THOCTi K o cTKOBi a llnou.bKiif aeMJii

1550 poKy BiJl. 6aThKa .HHa KocTKH, aaKpoY.HMCbKoro

KamTeJISIHa, Ta MaTepi, Manro)l{aTH KpwchKOi 3 ,l(po6HiHa. Ko.n11 i1:oro MaTH 6yJia HMM BariTHa, TO,

Ka)f(yTh, Mana Ha CBO€MY TiJii iM' H !eye, npo

mo cKa3aJia cnoBiJl.HI·iKY· l(etf KocTKa 3aMOJIOJl.}' 6araTo B'IHBCH y Bi.n.:rii, BHBY.aJ0'-111 BiJibHi uayKH s AacTpil, a CBO€ TiJio TPYJl.HY.H nocTaMH, MOJIHTaaMH Ta BHnpo6yaaHHHMH. 0).(H0f0 pa3y, KOJIH BiH 3aXBOpiB i .Jie)l(aB y )l,OMi OJl.HOro ceuaTopa, EpeTHKa, To np11i1HHB TiJio HaMCB.SITirne rocno).(a XpHeTa 3 aureJihCbKMX pyK y npMC}'THOCTi CBHTOi Bapaap11, cao€1 oniK}'HKM, KoTpi"H qacTo .u.opyqaa ce6e i 3Jl.opoBHM, i xsopHM. BiH si).(irHan 3HaKoM xpecTaJl.HHBOJia, KoTpHii y BIUJIH.U.i qopHoro nca TpHqi niJl.CT}'IlaB Jl.O Hhoro. Xoqa :Horo noKHH}'JIH JiiKapi, ane siH eTas 3Jl.OpoBHM 3aBJl.HKH npHcyrHOCTi ,nisH Mapii Ta rocno).(a XpHCTa, a ,ll.isa MapiH HaKa3aJia HOM}' BCT}'IlHTH Jl.O DpiJmy E3Ji'miB. BiH nilliKH BHP}'IliHB 3 BiJl.HH Jl.O PHMY i BCT}'IlHB Jl.O IJ,boro OpJl.euy, seJIHKHMH i BM.U.aTHHMM npHKJia).(aMH csolx '-leCHOT siu csiTHB aciM, Ha'-le lf>aKeJI; TaK BiH nanas MHJiicTIO Bo)f(OIO, mo iioro rpyJl.H o6KJia).(aJIH xycTKaMH, 3MO'-IeHHMH y XOJIOJl.Hiif BOAi.

A tforo o6JIHqqH

CH-

SLJIO He6eCHOIO CBHT06JIHBiCTIO TaK, IqO Jl.HBJISI'-IHCb Ha "l.JHCTOT)' 3aMHJI}'BaHHH, BciX 3BopyruyaaJia HOfO Kpaca. Tiepe).(6aqJ1BIUH CBOIO CMepTb, BiH noMep 1568 poKy y siriJiiiO YcniHHH ,l(iaH Mapii, MaiO'-IH 18 poKiB. Tiic.JIH CMepTi BiH HB.JI.HBC.R pi3HHM JIIOJl..RM, 6ya llOXOBaHHH Ha ropi, Ha3BaHiif

KBipu:Jta.A'bC'bXUU nazop6, y KOCTboJii ca. AHJl.phi. Horo TiJio Jl.OBro Jie)KaJIO 6e3 TJiiHHH i p03KJia).(y, He 6yBI1111 HaBiTh AOfJISJHyrHM, HaMa3aHHM Ma3HMH, me 11 noxoBaHe BOHO 6yno Ha BOJIOfOMY Mic~i. 3 ~horo rpo6y KillbKa paais

491

'EilO.ZOCJUJ6eHHUU

')(pcml(fJ

no.Mep

KHMrA IV BI1XO~I1B ~11BOBI1)1(HHH apoMaT; BiH yCJiaBI1BCJI DO CMepTi B pi3HI1X KpaiHax tty~ecaMI1, KOTpi BI1JIBJIJIB focno~b Eor Ha tioro npoxaHHJI. HaBiTb i B

caMiti AMep11u.i, HoBoMy CBiTi, BmaHOBYIOTb i naM' .SlTalOTb npo .n.eHb tioro CMepTi. '4acTI1Ha tioro MOI~eti nepeHeceHa~o TioJib~i 1604 poKY i no~ine足 Ha Mi)l( KOJieriyMaMI1 u.iEi peniril, ~e ix a6epiraiOTb a BeJIMKOIO noBaroiO. ,neHb cMepTi U.boro CBJIToro Kn11MeHT VIII, HatiBM~Mii EnMcKon, BWaHysas Bi~nyCTaMI1, a ilaBJIO V 03~0611B HOrO rpo6HMJ..J.IO JiaMD~OIO i BCTaHOBJieHHHM Ha tioro ttecTb Ta6JII-f'l.IOK i iioro o6paay. KiHeQb KHHrl1 IV.

HayKoBe BH)laHHSI

OJIEKCAH)J;P rBAHbiHI XPOHIKA €BPOllEMCbKOI CAPMATII YnopflOK)'GQiiHfl ma nepeKJJao 3 noJJbCbKoi"

0. !OpiR

Mlll{llKG

Pe.uaKTop 0. H. Pyob

Xy.uon<HE o<J>opi.\UICHH.R O. .fl. Ocmarwaa TexHiqHHM pe.uaKTop T. M. HooiKoaa KoMn'IOTepHa aepcTKa JI. 0. KyAazi'H.oi KopeKTopn 0. 0. Eopoai'Jta, 0. B. Typuuteaa

Tii,AnucaHo .no .npyK}' 25.12.06. 4>opMaT 70 x 100 1; 16 • fapHirypa New BaskeiVille. Tianip o<flceTHHH M 1. ,npyK ocpceTHHH. YM . .D.PYK· apK. 81,27. 06JI.-BH,A. apK. 82. HaKJia.n 1000 npHM. 3aM. N!! 6-214.

BH.D.aBHwmii .niM .. KHeao-Morwumc&Ka aKa){eMiR•. Coi.nouTao npo peecTpauiloM 1801 oi.n 24.05.2004 p. 04070, KHiB, KoHTpaKToaa WI., 4. TeJI./<l>aKc: (044) 425-60-92,425-35-66. E-mail: phouse@ukma.kiev.ua httpI /km akademia. ukma.kiev. ua