Electromagnetic Fields Level of knowledge/uncertainties Laboratory and field studies of biological and behavioral changes caused by EMFs have been carried out for a wide range of freshwater and marine species. Some studies have shown limited behavioral change for a few highly sensitive species, but overall the impacts due to the presence of EMFs from MRE cables or devices are unlikely to harm marine animals. In addition, the EMF levels from MRE cables are comparable to or lower than those from existing subsea power cables and lower than those used for offshore wind. For small numbers of MRE devices, the risk from EMF can be considered to be low.
Description Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) occur naturally around the world, including in the marine environment. However, many anthropogenic activities, such as subsea cables, ships, or bridges, may alter or increase EMFs. Power export or communication cables used in MRE projects emit EMFs. These cables are typically buried, laid on the seafloor, or draped in the water column. Marine species with specialized sensory capabilities, such as some species of sharks, skates, rays, turtles, and crustaceans, may detect and react to EMFs. Artificial EMFs are thought to cause changes in the behavior and movement of susceptible animals and may potentially cause long-term changes in their growth or reproductive success. The animals most likely to be affected by EMFs from MRE systems are those that spend time close to a power cable over extended periods of time—mainly sedentary animals or benthic organisms with small home ranges.
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Marine Renewable Energy: An Introduction to Environmental Effects
