Master thesis Ziyue Wang by ZIYUE WANG

Supervisor: prof. Maria Grazia Folli Studio professors: prof. Corrado Pecora prof. Marco Imperadori prof. Giovanni Dotelli prof. Francesco Romano Students: Ziyue Wang 941053 Sara Zambrin 941799 Feng Zhou 939376

School of Architecture, Urban Planning and Construction Engineering Master of Science in Building Architecture A.Y. 2020 - 2021

CONTENT

00.

Abstract

01.

Student Hub 1.1 The city of Fukuoka 1.2 History in brief 1.3 Momochi seaside 1.4 Students’ facilities 1.5 Student dorm and Japanese living space

5 5 6 7 11 13

02.

Tall Buildings 2.1 The architectural typology: tall buildings 2.2 Contemporary debate on tall buildings 2.3 Japanese architectural principles 2.4 Tall buildings in Japan 2.5 Nexus World Project in Fukuoka

17 17 19 21 25 27

03.

The Project 3.1 Character of the project 3.2 Landscape 3.3 Program and interiors 3.4 Sustainability 3.5 Construction and materials 3.6 BIM and innovative technology 3.7 Building services design

31 31 38 43 57 63 97 107

04.

Conclusions

128

05.

Project References

129

06.

Bibliography and Sitography

130

Fukuoka Student Hub - 00. Abstract

00. Abstract

Japan is, among the Asian countries, the most mysterious due to its history, its geographic conformation and the uniqueness of its territory. Isolated for a long time, stronghold far from the rest of the world. Fukuoka rises on the southern shore of the island, overlooking the ocean directed towards the continental Asia mainland. This position and the past of the city have given it a predisposition for innovation and an opening towards architectural experimentation in the urban, typological and formal fields. Numerous international architects have in fact contributed to the design of the city, generating a true narrative exhibition of the built. This is the case, for example, of the “Street of World Architects” and of the “Nexus World Complex”, where we find examples of innovation and research.

This thesis project fits here with the aim enhancing the surrounding heritage – not clashing with existing architecture, but instead co-living with it – and thus making even more lively and attractive an already young and dynamic neighbourhood. The project intends to create a space dedicated to the life of students as a real “hub”. The work of this studio focuses on architectural and urban composition, to delve later into the technological, systemic and structural aspects.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

Fig. 1

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub Fig. 2

01. Student Hub 1.1 The city of Fukuoka The site selected for the project is located in the city of Fukuoka, near the sea, in the southernmost region of Japan. The project area is part of Fukuoka International Architectural Design Competition, from which bid we took inspiration.

Asia Japan Kyushu Fukuoka

Fukuoka is the fourth most populous city in Japan, and it is also an important centre of economy, politics, and transportation. There are many trade relations with China and South Korea, and a large number of national and international tourists visit the city each year. With a population of over 1,5 million people and an average age of 43,1 years, Fukuoka is the second youngest city in Japan and its growth rate (4,4%) is the second fastest in the whole country. Being the capital of Kyushu, it is a great economic centre with an economy largely focused on the service sector. The city created cities on Hakata. 5

as we know it today by the merging of April 1st 1889: Fukuoka For centuries before

was two and this

100km

Fig. 3

Kyushu Fukuoka Seaside Momochi (Project Site)

2km

year, Fukuoka hosted the castle while the city of Hakata served primarily as a port. Still today, if we arrive in Fukuoka by train, we would get to Hakata Station, the city’s largest train station. The border of the merged city is at the Nakagawa river, which runs right through Fukuoka.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

1.2 History in brief The

history

the

city

characterized by connections with foreign countries: the geographical position of Fukuoka is strategic for trades because of its proximity to the mainland of Asia (today it can be reached by ferry). For this reason, the city has been the protagonist of the Mongolian attempts at the conquering of Japan, who tried to access the Japanese territory through the Hakata Bay but failed twice (1274 and 1281) and both times due to a hurricane. The Japanese called these severe storms “kamikaze” (which means “divine wind”) meaning the benevolence of the gods. Between the 13th and 15th centuries Pre-history

Fig. 4

the area has been very active on the commerce with Asian countries, developing important relations with the Chinese Ming dynasty and the Korean Choson dynasty. After these times of prosperity and international trades, for over 200 years Fukuoka lived an era of national isolationism, when the only trade with the rest of the world was allowed in Nagasaki. In those years two distinct areas were created around the Fukuoka Castle, divided by the Nakagawa River: one, inhabited by samurai loyal to the Fukuoka clan, and the other (Hakata) located in the old commercial, industrial and port area of the province. After 1889, year which marks the formation of the modern city, Fukuoka developed prosperously, Modern City Formation (1889)

Mongol Invasions (1274 - 1281)

Asia-Pacific Exposition (1989)

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

but like many cities in the country was hit by the bombings of World War II and more than 20% of the

Fig. 5

Sea

city was destroyed. The reconstruction proceeded quickly, making Fukuoka a progressive commercial and industrial city that has gradually become a big centre and is today the most dynamic metropolis in the Kyushu region.

Landfill

New neighbourhood

1.3 Momochi seaside The city in recent years has been expanding more and more on the coast by burying large marine areas. An example of this is the artificial neighbourhood where the Fukuoka Student Hub project is located. Seaside Momochi was specifically created from reclaimed land in 1989 for the Asia-Pacific Exposition (“Yokatopia”). Based on the theme “Seeking encounters with a new world”, this exposition was held to recognize the historical role Kyushu and Fukuoka have played as a crossroads of civilization, and with the aim of internationalizing and vitalizing Kyushu and Fukuoka as they headed towards the 21st 7

century. The exposition provided an opportunity that enabled Kyushu and Fukuoka to deepen exchanges with other countries, principally those in the Asia-Pacific region. The aim of Seaside Momochi’s development was to create a city that represented Fukuoka, which has lived harmoniously alongside the ocean, while reflecting on post-war Fukuoka, which had been inclined to forget its connection with the sea. Rather than use the land as an industrial area, which is typical of reclaimed land, it was built mostly of residential areas, with healthy homes bathing in the sunlight near the

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

sea. In these residential areas, there are buildings designed by Michael Graves, Kisho Kurokawa,

Built vs. Unbuilt

150m

Fig. 6

Natural vs. Artificial

150m

Fig. 7

Transportation

150m

Fig. 8

Axes and Landmarks

150m

Fig. 9

Yasufumi Kijima and more, built during the Fukuoka Seaside Momochi Residential Environment Exposition, known as the “Street of World Architects”. That is the urban construction orientation as well. In the centre of the Momochihama district there are cultural facilities, starting with the Fukuoka Tower and including museums and libraries. The surrounding area features business facilities such as offices, as well as schools and hospitals. The Jigyohama district, designed to bring out Fukuoka’s individuality and vitality, has sports and recreational facilities such as the Fukuoka Dome (sports arena). In addition, a green network has been designed which includes the maintenance of the beach park and the re-emergence of pine trees on the waterfront of Hakata Bay, as well as aiming for the continuity of roadside trees and onsite planting. The natural landscape green belt connects the seaside and important cultural buildings like a net in the city, establishing close connections.

Momochi Seaside Park

Fukuoka Tower

Fukuoka Dome

Fukuoka City Museum

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub Fig. 10 128m

172m

147m

Fukuoka Dome

Fig. 11

From the seaside, we can seea the skyline of Fukuoka and many important buildings around the site. That give us an information of the height of our own high-rise building, The skyline can’t be destoryed by the new building. Around the site, several interesting building can be found. The PayPay Dome is home to the Fig. 15

very successful Japanese baseball team, the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. The dome is a stadium building with a capacity of just under 40,000 people. In fair weather, the roof of the stadium retracts, opening up the ground to the blue sky. Artificial beaches have been built in Seaside Momochi, with ample facilities for beach volleyball and football. Between the beaches is the Marizon complex, which includes several smaller shops and a wedding hall. Seaside Momochi is home to Fukuoka Tower, Fukuoka City’s tal-

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub 234m

143m

133m

Momochi Seaside Park

124m

Fukuoka Tower

Fukuoka City Museum

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

lest building standing at 234 m. The tower has three viewing decks above 100 meters, allowing for spectacular panoramic views of the city to the south and the sea to the north.

Fig. 14

an insight into the history and culture of the city, with three exhibition spaces and a permanent exhibition devoted to telling the story of Fukuoka.

The Fukuoka City Museum offers Fig. 16

150m

Fig. 17

150m

Nishijin

Fujisaki

Metro stop Metro line Bus stop Bus lines

Schools Most used stops Pedestrian flow

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

1.4 Students’ facilities Not only is the city of Fukuoka the largest economic centre of Kyushu, but is also holds a special national record: it is the largest startup city in Japan, and it is the only economic zone with various services for encouraging startups (startup visa, tax reduction, and free business consultation). Many large companies headquartered in the city, which is the home of many small firms playing a supportive role in the logistics, IT, and high-tech manufacturing sectors. These data, together with the high concentration of student facilities in the neighbourhood, gave birth to the Fukuoka Student Hub project. Surrounding the site is indeed a concentration of numerous cultural and educational hotspots, including over ten schools only in this area ranging from kindergarten to universities. On the side of these educational facilities, Seaside Momochi offers a variety of other cultural venues attacting young people, including the Fukuoka Tower (symbol of the 11

city and main touristic attraction), the Fukuoka City Museum (less than 100m from the project site), the Fukuoka Dome (sports arena, often used for concerts and similar big events) and, finally, the Momochi Seaside Park (natural hotspot for leisure activities and for summer sports). The area, however, lacks of a “base”, a place for gathering where students might spend the after-school hours together, studying, eating or just hanging out. An analysis on the different institutes and on the routes walked by students reaching their destination everyday showed clearly how the project site could become a landmark and point of cohesion for the young generations.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub Seinan Gakuin Junior and Senior High School

Seinan Gakuin Elementary School

Nishijin Elementary School

Seinan Gakuin University

Fukuoka City Private Kindergarten

Seinan Kindergarten Momochihama Elementary School

Fukuoka City Chuo Special School 100m

Seven Seas International School

Fukuokashi Ishikai School of Nursing

Fukuoka International School

Kindergarten Elementary School Junior/Senior School University Other kind

Project Site

Fig. 18

Fig. 19

Fukuoka City Private Kindergarten

Students (number)

Age (years)

Lessons (hours)

3-6

9 a.m. - 14:30 p.m.

Seinan Kindergarten

115

3-6

9 a.m. - 14:30 p.m.

Seinan Gakuin Elementary School

420

6-12

8 a.m. - 15 p.m.

Nishijin Elementary School

1.084

6-12

8 a.m. - 15 p.m.

Momochihama Elementary School

517

6-12

8 a.m. - 15 p.m.

Seinan Gakuin Junior and Senior High School

more than 5.000

12-18

7:40 a.m. - 16 p.m.

Seinan Gakuin University

more than 8.000

18 and older

variable

Fukuokashi Ishikai School of Nursing

18 and older

8:30 a.m. - 16:30 p.m.

Fukuoka City Chuo Special School

3-12

variable

Sevenseas International School

3-6

variable

Fukuoka International School

more than 300

3-18

variable

tot = 11 schools

tot = more than 15.000 students

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

1.5 Student dorm and Jaoanese living space After a series of case studies and research. There are many types of floor plans for student residences. There is one that can be applied to the highlevel design we do. In all student apartments, it is common to divide into single rooms, double rooms, twins and cluster.

Dorms, Nagoya City University, Japan

Fig. 21

Dorms, Japan advanced institute of science and technology, Japan

Fig. 23

Fig. 20 Type A

Dorms,Togane,Japan

Fig. 22

University, Other Facilities, Dorms • Narva, Estonia

Fig. 24

Single room

Type B

Fig. 25 Double room

Type C

Fig. 26 Twins room Type D

Fig. 27 Type E

Service core Corridor access Bedrooms

Cluster

Fig. 28

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub Fig. 30

Since the Edo period, Japan has had tatami as a modular form of living space, and the size of the living space is determined by the splicing of tatami. Continuing to this day, many high-rise apartments are designed according to a certain modulus, which is in line with Japanese living habits.

4.5 × 1.55m2=6.98m2 ≈264cm × 264cm

6 pieces tatami 6 × 1.55m2=9.3m2 ≈352cm × 264cm

Fig. 29 1 R = 1 Room, 5-7 pieces tatami

7.5 pieces tatami 1 K = 1 Kitchen 6 pieces tatami, 6 pieces tatami 7.5 × 1.55m2=11.63m2 ≈440cm × 264cm

1 DK = 1 Dining Room + 1 Kitchen, 4-8 pieces tatami 8 pieces tatami 8 × 1.55m2=12.4m2 ≈352cm × 352cm

1 LDK = 1 Living Room + 1 Dining Room + 1 Kitchen 10 pieces tatami 10 × 1.55m2=15.5m2 ≈352cm × 440cm

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub 100m

Fig. 31

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

800m

500m

350m

300m

250m

Fukuoka Student Hub - 01. Student Hub

02. Tall Buildings 2.1 The architectural typology: tall buildings The definition of tall buildings varies from country to country. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) of the United States thinks that the main difference between tall buildings and other common buildings is the tallness, which will strongly affect the planning, design, construction and use of tall buildings. More specifically, the concept of tall buildings is not absolute, but relative. Firstly, tall buildings should be placed in a context to be compared with other common buildings: a 60m-high building is not very tall when placed among plenty of skyscrapers, but it can be defined as a tall building when placed in the countryside or suburbs where most of the buildings are below 6 stories. Secondly, the proportion is important as well: at the same height, slender buildings are more suitable to be defined as tall buildings than large-footprint buildings. Thirdly, it should also be considered 17

whether the building uses the technology of tall buildings. For example, whether the building has applied the vertical transportation technologies and structural wind bracing technologies which would be used in high-rise buildings. In addition, high-rise buildings can also be subdivided into tall buildings, supertall buildings and megatall buildings. CTBUH specifies the definition of supertall buildings and megatall buildings in detail. Supertall buildings refer to buildings with a height in the range of 300m-600m, while megatall buildings refer to tall buildings with a height of more than 600m. In Japan, the government does not have a clear definition of highrise buildings. Some architects believe that high-rise buildings refer to buildings with 10-17 stories and less than 45m in height, while super high-rise buildings refer to buildings above 45m. Japanese people think that buildings with more than 10 floors are considered high-rise buildings, but nowadays, buildings with more than 10 floors are very common in large cities in Japan, so many people regard super tall buildings as real high-rise buildings. Some other

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

architects, from the perspective of risk management, define buildings with height of more than

division of the height varies from country to country. What makes tall buildings different

100m or more than 25 supertall buildings, and with height of more than more than 75 floors as buildings.

from other common buildings, besides height, are some other characteristics as well. High-rise buildings will be applied to some specific structural wind bracing technologies and certain vertical transportation systems. Fire prevention and risk management of high-rise buildings also need to be treated and considered more carefully.

floors as buildings 300m or megatall

In China, the definition of highrise buildings is closely related to fire protection requirements. According to the Building Design Fire Prevention Code GB50016-2014 (2018 Edition), high-rise buildings refer to residential buildings with height of more than 27m, or public buildings with height of more than 50m. In addition, some supplements have been mentioned. For example, hospitals and libraries with more than one million books are considered as high-rise public buildings. The fire prevention grades of each component of these defined tall buildings have detailed requirements and regulations in the code as well. In conclusion, high-rise buildings refer to the height of a certain type of buildings which makes it greatly different from other common buildings. The specific

As for the form of common plans of tall buildings, architects have also made a lot of explorations. The common plan form of highrise buildings is the rectangular plan, with a core in the middle and an enclosure skin covering the outside. The earliest representative works of this style are SOM’s Lever House (1951), and the Seagram Building (1957) by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe & Philip Johnson. Other plan forms include ellipse, triangle, hexagon and other shapes. The central core can also be split or changed in position. Although many other plan forms have emerged so far, this classic “rectangular plan and core” combination is still the most 18

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

popular design. 2.2 Contemporary debate on tall buildings Since ancient times, human beings have had the desire to climb high, hoping to construct the buildings which could reach the sky. This desire is reflected both in the “Babylon Tower” described in the Bible and in the Chinese poem by Li Bai described as “the tall building is of hundreds of feet high, so the stars can be picked by hand.” However, in ancient times, due to the limitations of building materials and technology, it was very difficult to build buildings very high. With the continuous development of technology, the height of buildings has also been continuously improved. In the Middle Ages of Europe, due to the application of the pointed arch and the flying buttress, the height of Gothic cathedral towers exceeded 100m. For example, the height of the tallest tower of Milan Cathedral (1386-1897), Milan, Italy was 108m high, and the height of the south tower of St. Stephen’s Cathedral (1359-1433) in Vienna is 137.16m high. As for Asia, the ancient buildings in East Asia mostly used 19

wooden structures, resulting in less durability of the buildings, but there are some tall buildings as well. The Sakyamuni Pagoda (1056) of Fogong Temple in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province, PRC is the tallest existing wooden structure building around the world, with a height of 67.31m. These buildings reflect the technology of ancient times, however, they are all related to religion. The high-rise buildings for the daily use of general people appeared after the industrial revolution in the 19th century. Because of the industrial revolution, metal has been widely used in construction, such as Eiffel Tower (1889), Paris, France. Breakthroughs in materials have made it possible for a large number of high-rise buildings for common people. Modern high-rise buildings originated in the United States. It is generally believed that the development of high-rise buildings has undergone the following changes. Since the end of the 1920s, a large number of tall buildings have emerged in the United States. The high-rise buildings of this period are mainly of the Art Deco style, such as the

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

381m Empire State Building (1932), New York, USA. Since the 1950s, the shape of high-rise buildings in

domain”.

the United States has undergone significant changes. Panel, tower, and twin-tower high-rise buildings have appeared one after another, such as the 417m World Trade Centre (1966-1973), New York, USA. In terms of exterior wall materials, the development of glass curtain walls and mirrored glass curtain walls has changed the appearance of previous heavy enclosures of tall buildings. As for the form of plans, variable-section towers have also appeared, such as the 315m Bank of China Tower (1982-1990), Hong Kong, PRC. Since the 1990s, architects began to explore the possibility of green skyscrapers and the sense of community around skyscrapers to enhance the interaction of public spaces, such as Commerzbank (1993-1997), Frankfurt, Germany. The podium of high-rise buildings gradually pays attention to the permeability and interaction of citizens. After entering the 21st century, skyscrapers begin to pay more attention to “ecological responsibility, the creation of community, urban civility, and the preservation of the public

contemporary high-rise buildings usually symbolize wealth and status due to their huge financial investment and their obvious height advantage. So the visual appearance is very valid. The patterns of the exterior skin of the building gradually change from simple geometric shapes to more complex and interesting shapes. The plan of high-rise buildings has gradually become diversified, complicated and interesting from square and rectangular shapes.

In addition to the above trends,

The obvious height of the highrise building brings a lateral wind load which cannot be ignored. The wind will have a great effect on the building unless the building is highly streamlined in form. How to resist the influence of wind load at the aspects of building form and structural strategies is also a factor which needs to be considered in contemporary tall buildings. On the other hand, how to integrate traditional culture with contemporary high-rise buildings which are the fruit of material 20

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

and technological progress is still a question worth pondering. The Jin Mao Building (1994-1997)

Fusuma, Shoji, Byōbu are very important elements in Japanese traditional architecture.Fusuma is

designed by SOM, Shanghai, PRC used modernism methods to express the pagoda of Chinese traditional culture and achieved good results. The Petronas Twin Towers (1993-1998), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, designed by Cesar Pelli, also shows the architect’s respect and recall to the local Muslim culture.

used in closet, door, interior wall. and made of thick(2-3cm), opaque Paper (no light through). It is 90cm*180cm, similar with tatami. That is sliding rectangular panel, run on wooden rails at top and bottom.The upper rail called “Kamoi”, bottom rail called “Shikii”. Shoji is thin, rice paper, light can be through, but people can’t see inside. Paper put on the inside of glass or windows. Wooden frame with grid pattern (5-10cm), it can be opened or closed. It is used in exterior wall, interior wall door or window.Byōbu,that is Japanese folding screen panel, separate interiors and enclose private spaces with painting & calligraphy. Tatami,畳, The mat isused as flooring in traditional Japanese-style rooms. It is made of rice straw and soft rush with cloth edges, the standard size of tatami is a 2:1 ratio. The size is almost 900mm*1800mm. Engawa，縁側, Japanese veranda, literally means ‘edge side’. Non-tatami-matted flooring that resemble porches. Usually it made of wood or bamboo. Their role is bringing together the inside of the house

2.3 Japanese architectural design principles Firstly, The first point is that from the perspective of traditional Japanese architectural features, there are many architectural elements full of Japanese characteristics. For example, wooden structures. Because of the humidity, earthquakes and typhoons, wood became better than stone or other materials. There are four types of roofs: kirizuma (gabled roof ), yosemune (hipped roof ), irimoya (hip-andgable roof ), and hogyo (square pyramidal roof ). In summer, It’s always rainy in Japan. The curvy, elongated roofs were designed in order to protect the windows. 21

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

with the outside. Wood

Roof

Fusuma

Shoji

Byōbu

Tatami

Engawa

Fig. 32

After

the

Second

World

War,

Japanese society suffered plenty of economic restricts, and urban buildings also suffered relatively serious damage. Therefore, the Japanese society at that time was eager to develop the economy and it succeeded to develop rapidly in less than two decades. At the same time, it vigorously built residential buildings and made a lot of exploration in the industrialization of buildings. In 1955, Le Corbusier designed the Ueno Park Western Art Museum in Tokyo. At that time, his three Japanese students Maekawa Kunio, Sakakura Junzō and Yoshizaka Takamasa served as his assistants, responsible for assisting Le Corbusier in drawing the detailed architectual drawings of this museum and supervising the construction on site. Later, these architects, together with Kenzo Tange, became the representatives of post-war Japanese architects. The influence of these architects by Le Corbusier is huge obviously. The Kyoto Cultural Hall and Tokyo Cultural Memorial Hall, both designed by Maekawa Kunio, built in 1961, are 22

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

sturdy and thick in shape, which is obviously the product of the traditional Japanese culture under the influence brutalism.

Corbusier’s

In addition, Metabolism appeared in the Japan after the war. Kurokawa Kisho and Kenzo Tange are representatives of Metabolism. Metabolism pays attention to the development of things, which includes the birth, growth and decay. These architects objected to treating buildings and cities as static things, and advocated treating cities and buildings as living entities which can grow and change. When facing problems, Metabolism strongly intends to use the latest techniques. The masterpiece of Metabolism is the Yamanashi Press Centre designed by Kenzo Tange in 1967. The basic structure of this building is a number of vertical traffic towers, interspersed with many mobile offices. Kenzo Tange originally hoped that even after it was completed, the height of the traffic towers of this building could be changed, or the office could be added or removed at will. Unfortunately, this building has never been changed since 23

Kenzo Tango

Kisho Kurokawa

Fumihiko Maki

Kiyonori Kikutake

Kazuo Shinohara

Fig. 33

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

it was built. Although Metabolism realized that architecture needs to respond to the information age, it failed to produce corresponding works well. So Metabolism has gradually disappeared in history, but this also happens to be in line with the central proposition of it. The development of Japanese architecture to the contemporary time has some modern features rooted in traditional culture. One is the careful application of architectural colors. It is believed in Japanese traditional culture that white is the most sacred color, and other things with acquired colors are unclean. Only by maintaining the original color of the objects can they be sacred. Therefore, traditional Japanese buildings often retain the original colors of building materials without any extra painting. In the contemporary time, different architects have explored different colors. Kurokawa Kisho prefers Rikyu Gray. This gray is different from the transitional gray between black and white in Western culture. Rikyu gray is a mixture of red, blue, yellow and white. It comes from the traditional Japanese tea ceremony. Tadao Ando prefers

“Rikyu gray” Kurokawa Kisho

“Concrete color” Tadao Ando

Mikimoto Ginza 2 Toyo Ito

Azuma House Tadao Ando

Dior Omotesando, Kazuyo Sejima

Aspen Art Museum, Shigeru Ban

Fig. 34

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

the natural color of concrete. Sou Fujimoto’s architectural works often use white which can be self-

The third characteristic of Japanese contemporary architecture is the pursuit of

cleaning. Kazunari Sakamoto likes to reflect the true colors of wood in architecture.

lightness and subtlety. Shigeru Ban likes soft materials to serve as the building envelope. He used paper and blinds in different architectural works to create a light and fuzzy space experience. The façade of Dior Omotesando, designed by Kazuyo Sejima, is all made of glass, and the corrugated transparent acrylic boards are added behind the glass. The overall building has a feeling of light and floating.

The second characteristic of Japanese contemporary architecture is the application of regular geometric shapes. The façade of traditional Japanese buildings can usually be abstracted as a combination of regular geometric shapes. This pursuit of simple geometric shapes reflects the application of some regular geometric architectural language in Japanese contemporary architecture. Tadao Ando prefers the application of pure geometric figures in his works. For example, Azuma House is a rectangular box as a whole, but at the same time it creates a rich and varied interior space experience. In addition to pure geometric shapes, Japanese architects also prefer bionic geometry because of their respect and worship of nature. The façade of Mikimoto Ginza 2, designed by Toyo Ito, simulates the cell organization of the natural world and achieved good results.

2.4 Tall buildings in Japan Due to the seismic and economic considerations, the Japanese government did not allow buildings to exceed 31m before 1963. Later, after computer numerical simulations, the Japanese government assured the structural safety of high-rise buildings, and the ban was lifted. After that, the number of highrise buildings in Japan increased rapidly. High-rise buildings have shifted from the pursuit of economic considerations to the pursuit of spatual comfort. In order to change the feeling of

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

closed interior architects tried light-transmitting

space, Japanese to design the atriums, and

Fig. 35

Population Density

Fig. 36

Land use ratio

tried to design the flowing space to increase the interest of the interior of the building. In order to avoid excessive noise, the large atrium was divided into many small atriums, and the building scale was more comfortable. There are some reasons to build many tall buildings in Japan. 1. The population density is higher and higher in Japan. Especially in several big cities. Fukuoka population density is 7th in Japanese city list. That because of less land and increasing population. 2. After 1960, there is a rapid economic development in Japan. It also affect constuction industy. Building tall buildings becomes popular in Japan. 3. Building regulations keep changing, demolishing the original 31m height limit. Height restrictions becoming more and more open after 1963. 4. Mountainous regions cover75% of Japan’s area, and there is a natural enviroment law to prevent inland developed. Because of those reasons, there is a rapid development of high-rise buildings.

High-rise building in Japan

Fig. 37

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings High-rise building in Japan

have maximum exposure) are very special elements in this project, Our project learn a lot from it, like moving panel and different units in apartment design.

Fig. 38 Reson of building high-rise buildings

Less land Economy is recovered and get a rapid development

Natural enviroment protection law High-rise building population increasing

Building height limtation was delete

Fig. 39

2.5 Nexus world project in Fukuoka T h e re a re s e ve r a l b u i l d i n g s t h a t consists the nexus world. Those projec ts broadened our horizons give our project many fresh ideas. Steven Holl's design is 28 unique apar tments, The most interesting thing is Changeable ‘Fusuma’ style layouts. and void spaces (pool or play). Multiple corridors , outdoor entry to apartments and 5 finger form (all apartments 27

Rem Koolhaas's building is ver y modernist. Unit A+B(smaller than A,without green dome), This living model is ver y novel and suitable for different groups of people. Introduce winter light to living room(top), Open- air patio and entrance,natural ventilation system. That is good for living space. Public area near street, transparent and extroverted facade. White stones in courtyard, traditional Japanese design feature. S olid black granite shell form transparent and light volume, dynamic concrete roofing. Those points give out project many ideas.

These typical cases bring a lot of i n s p i r a t i o n t o o u r p r o j e c t . Fr o m city context to small spaces in architecture, there are reflections on the relationship between Japanese culture and space.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

Fig. 40 Nexus World:

Transform:

Fig. 41 ·Changeable ‘Fusuma’ style layouts

Fig. 42 Moving panels are designed in office levels as well.

Fig. 43 Open- air patio and entrance,natural ventilation system

Fig. 44 Natural ventilation is introduced from "engawa" part.

Fig. 45

Fig. 46 Type A

·24 units of three levels (level 0 city,level 1 private,level 2 visual), in two blocks,an interior street.

Type B

Difference types of student rooms are provided in dorm levels as well.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

Fig. 47

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings

Fig. 48

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 49 50m

03. The Project 3.1 Character of the project Considering the purpose of this development and the peculiar setting in which it unfolds, it is the morphology of the place and the social characteristics of the area that determine the key characteristics of the project.

The urban space located at the ground level acts as a junction between the large scale of the tower and the human scale of the neighbouring streets: the inspiration and reference for the masterplan design is precisely this contrast of scales and the will of creating an ambience that feels intimate, even being public. The podium spine is designed to embrace the tower and open-up

Student Hub Urban structural role of the tower

generational blender

point of cohesion

Fig. 50

social activator

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

234m

150m

towards the main access, while creating a system of alleys and connections following the main road axes of the neighbourhood, contributing in this way to perceive the space as both private and public, allowing different kinds of environments and views.

many large public spaces that we define as squares), Japanese cities typically offer places for gathering that are composed by a network of narrow streets. The morphology of traditional Japanese urban fabric suggests that the individual tends to live common spaces

This link to intimacy and privacy in public spaces is an explicit reference to Japanese culture and traditions: while Europeans are used to experience common activities in public spaces of objective magnitude (and European cities subsequently have

with subjective depth, preferring peculiar environments that allow this type of experience. It is following this objective that the the were 1. masterplan Shape and orientation and 2. Axes podium designed, placing the wellbeing and comfort of the individual at the centre of the attention. The podium of the tower is made

Fig. 51 orientation 1.1. Shape Shapeand and orientation

3. Network of alleys

2. Axes 2. Axes

4. Contrast of scales

Network ofof alleys 3.3.Network alleys

4. Contrast of of scales 4. Contrast scales

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings 10m

Legend:

Materials:

1 Lobby 2

Restaurant/Bar

Retail

Tea house

Bicycle parking

Paved floor Gravel Grass Pebble water course Water pool Bamboo 3F

9F 13 F

14 F

2 ± 0.00m 3

3 ± 0.00m

10 F

± 0.00m 10 F

± 0.00m

- 0.45m

± 0.00m 5

Fig. 52

33 10 F

Fukuoka Student Hub - 02. Tall Buildings 6F 5F

Main entrance

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

out of five small buildings that bring back the human scale in contrast with the proportions of the tower. The building blocks host different public functions which continue in the underground space, and their design is inspired by traditional Japanese low rise architecture, with light partition walls and filtered light. The five buildings are united from bottom to top through a continuous roof and a wooden platform, on which they stand. This latter element is a contemporary interpretation of a typical element of Japanese traditional architecture (“engawa”), a walkway running along the outside of the building often used as a type of veranda. Both the roof and the platform allow the use of the outside public spaces, thanks to the presence of shaded areas between the blocks and the possibility of using the platform for sitting. These two key 5m

Fig. 54

Fig. 53 Tower

Pattern Origami

Engawa Podium

Street system

Tatami module Interiors

Bukatsudou Partitions

Vegetation Landscape Materiality

pieces of the podium design are connected by means of vertical elements made out of bamboo: not only does this feature seal the relationship between base and top, but it also facilitates the control of the permeability and the transparency of the buildings: intimate spaces like the tea houses have denser vertical

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 55 Restaurant Retail

1. Few small volumes Tea house The podium of the tower is made out of five small buildings that host different public functions which continue in the underground space.

Restaurant Tea house

2. Unique roof and engawa Th e f i ve b u i l d i n g s a re u n i te d f ro m bottom to top through a continuous roof and a wooden platform on which they stand, typical of japanese traditional architecture (engawa ).

3. Vertical elements The roof and the platform are unified by means of vertical elements made out of bamboo: this allows to control the permeability of the buildings.

4. Water and underground The role of water in the masterplan i s d o u b l e : w h i l e i t h a s a d o m i n a nt architectural role in the reflection of the buildings, it also provides a visual connection with the underground public spaces.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

elements, while public activities are left more permeable with fewer bamboo sticks.

the site (represented by the busier road at the southern border and the private one-way street at the

The reference for the podium design is the typical one-floor unit that we encounter in historical neighbourhoods in cities like Kanazawa and Kyoto. The blocks are low rise and consist of only one floor above ground; they host bars and restaurants, retail activities and two tea houses. An additional architectural unit serves the covered bike parking and the stairs access to the underground public space, where there is a continuity of all the ground floor blocks.

northern one). The rigidity of the square plan and the traditional steel structure with a single core at the centre provide once again a contrast with the light, non-load bearing structure of the façade, which resembles instead a fragile origami that gently screens the imposing structure of the tall building.

The tower is placed at the heart of the site and is embraced by the podium conformation. Its orientation favors the entryway from the surrounding streets and creates a direct interaction between the two opposite poles of PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

10m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig. 56

The ground floor hosts a large double height covered space, with only a limited central part enclosed by glazed surfaces in order to allow security and thermal control of the lobby. This part of the tower, open and permeable both visually and physically, should be considered as part of the urban space itself, as it offers shelter and chance of aggregation and community.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

The shaft allows a partial indoor/ outdoor transparency: the façade design idea comes from a typical

a contemporary distribution of spaces. Particular care is given to the choice of materials, with

Japanese pattern, re-shaped into a continuous and sinuous curve embracing the whole height of the tower. The aesthetic of the envelope is inspired by the origami folding technique, so that the outer shell of the tower seems to be floating around the inner structure with paper-thin elegance.

the aim of keeping the landscape as natural as possible but still guaranteeing a comfortable walkability and accessibility to the site, limiting barriers and obstacles. In order to achieve so, the most direct and busiest routes within the plot are paved with stone tiles, easily accessible by wheels and pedestrians. While the south-western part of the plot is kept mineral in order to facilitate accessibility, the north-western side is, on the other hand, the green lung of the landscape: being this part

3.2 Landscape The landscape design follows the principles of traditional Japanese gardens while offering Fig. 57 Name

Perennial

Deciduous

Prunus mume

Prunus x Yedeonis

Eriobotrya Japonica Bamboo

Season of blooming

Figure n.

Yes

Jan - Feb

Yes

March - Apr

Yes

Dec - Jan

Yes

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 58

Program

MEP

Start-up offices

Green system

Student clubs

Green system

Student clubs

MEP

Library

Green system

Student dorm

Lobby MEP MEP

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

of the plot the most exposed to the surrounding roads, the idea is that of creating a shelter from

with the underground public spaces: the position of the water is strategic for both the reflection

the traffic and the man-made, encouraging the aggregation in natural environments. In this area there are green spaces with planted trees, where gravel helps to smooth out the transition between mineral (stone tiles) and permeable grounds.

of the podium and tower architectures and the passage of natural light to the underground area.

The design of the landscape is enriched by the presence of water, that works in a system together with the buildings, and by typical vegetation. The role of water in the masterplan is double: while it has a dominant architectural role in the reflection of the buildings, it also provides a visual connection

The main source of water wells up from the green part of the plot, where an oval-shaped stone infinity fountain acts as the protagonist of the urban space. From this original source flows a walkable artificial canal covered in pebbles, that splits into three under the podium platform and distributes the water to the three pools located in front of the buildings. These points, as mentioned previously, are also

Fig. 59 Underground floor plan

Legend: 1 Tea house 2 Restaurant / bar 3 Food street

4 Souvenir gift shop 5 Game room

6 Leisure area 7 MEP 8 Entrance 7 6

8 1 10m

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 60

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 61

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

employed as zenithal light sources for the underground public area thanks to the bottom glass surface

Fig. 62 FLOOR PLAN 02 Legend: 3

of the pools.

1 Archive room

2 Cafe & bar 5

3 Cafeteria

3.3 Program and interiors

As mentioned earlier, the podium consists of units that cover both the ground floor area and the underground one. The functions that it hosts are a mix of commercial and foodservice activities, including two shops, two restaurants, two bars and two teahouses. The interior design of these buildings aims at maintaining a continuous circulation, keeping 43

5 Guard room

6 8

The urban space at the ground floor of the project is designed to create a community and give a place for gathering to the young generations that everyday walk around the streets of Seaside Momochi. The range of people that cross the neighbourhood varies from kindergartedn and elementary school students up to young adults: the Fukuoka Student Hub development aims at giving each of them a reason to stop by and give birth to community life, seeing in this plot a point of attraction.

4 Green area

6 Laundry 7 Mail room

8 Reception 6

9 Shared kitchen

1 9

FLOOR PLAN 03 Legend: 1 Common area

2 Single room 3 Double room

4 Double height 5 Green area

1 2

FLOOR PLAN 04 2

Legend: 1 Common area

2 Single room 3 Double room 3 5

5 Green area

1 2

4 Double height

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 63

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

5m PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

150 m 145 m

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

140 m 135 m 130 m 125 m 120 m 115 m 110 m 105 m 100 m 95 m 90 m 85 m 80 m 75 m 70 m 65 m 60 m 55 m 50 m 45 m 40 m 35 m 30 m 25 m 20 m 15 m 10 m 5m 0m

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

the service units at the centre of the plans. The glazed walls allow an uninterrupted view of the

covered outdoor space precedes the double-height indoor lobby, the lower levels accommodate

surroundings, filtered only by the vertical bamboo elements at the edge of the wooden engawa. At the underground floor we find the extension of the upper floor units with additional indoor public space, enriched by natural light thanks to the transparent water pools.

a large dormitory, targeted for example at those who attend the nearby universities and come from other cities, in the intermediate levels there are a library, numerous peculiar rooms for the after school activities (clubs) which are very common in Japan, and finally at the upper floors we find areas dedicated to the boost of young start-ups through flexible and vibrant office spaces.

With its 150 meters, the tall building is designed to welcome a high number of young students through the richness of the program that it offers: at the ground floor a Fig. 64

The students’ dormitory is distributed along seven levels: the first floor hosts a number of

Student dorm / single room Tatami modules: space economy

Time: 07:00 a.m.

Legend:

180m

1 Entrance Privacy during sleeping time 2 Bathroom

3 Bedroom 4 Common engawa

360m Time: 03:30 p.m.

1,6m2 3,24m2

Flexible open space during the day

16,2m2

3 Time: 10:00 p.m.

3,24m2

6,5m2

3,24m2

6,5m2

3,24m2

6,5m2

Studying in the common area

Privacy during sleeping time

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 65

Fig. 66

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

common areas (reception, guard on these residential floors tused room, archive room, cafe and bar, as an outdoor circulation space cafeteria, laundry, mail room and accessible from the rooms and shared kitchen) and the following 6 floors present a typical plan consisting of a central corridor running around the core that brings to single rooms, double rooms and two common areas. The space between the two façades (that we can refer to as “engawa” as it represents a sort of veranda in front of the rooms) that on the other floors is only accessible for maintenance, is

from the common areas. The interior design of the rooms follows in plan the traditional tatami module dimensions with a defined basic measure of 90cmx180cm: the use of this modular tool is crucial in a design that considers space economy crucial. A single room measures in total around 16m2 and is equipped with a private bathroom, a single bed, a wardrobe and a desk. A double room measures

Fig. 67 Student dorm / double room Sliding panels: flexibility of spaces Time: 07:00 a.m.

Legend: 1 Entrance 2 Kitchenette 3 Bedroom 4 Common space

Privacy during sleeping time

5 Bedroom 6 Common engawa

Privacy during sleeping time

Time: 03:30 p.m.

Flexible open space during the day

Time: 10:00 p.m. 3

Studying in the common area Privacy during sleeping time

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 68

Fig. 69

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

around 30m2 and consists of a shared bathroom, a kitchenette, two private bedrooms with a

the vegetation and consist of four different zones, one on each side of the tower and each of them

single bed and a wardrobe and a common area with a double desk. In the interiors of the rooms sliding panels are employed to divide the spaces and to provide privacy from the external common engawa. The library and student clubs take 13 floors and host a very large variety of spaces, ranging from conference rooms to a gym, passing by rooms designed for dance rehearsal, chess, calligraphy, table tennis and many others.

with different characteristics. The most interesting one is the northern one, where the spectator is surrounded by nature while the view of the surroundigs (and maybe the sea if the height allows it) opens in front of his eyes. Between the floors 12 and 22 the tall building hosts the heart of afterschool activities. In Japan, great part of the afternoon hours, when not dedicated to school lessons, is spent learning additional activities that vary from physical activities like karate or dance to traditional hobbies as flower arrangement

At the floors 9, 19 and 25 as well as on one side of many other floors is where the “green system” unfolds: this element of the tall building design wants to bring a piece of the natural environment inside the tower. These areas are thought of as places of tranquillity and relax, where one can take a break from routine and be surrounded by a green environment without going all the way out of the building. The before mentioned “green floors” are designed with the required attention to sun radiation needed for the life of 49

Fig. 70 FLOOR PLAN 09, 19 and 25 Legend: 1

West and east exposed plants

South exposed plants

View point and north exposed plants

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

and tea ceremony. All of these occupations carry the name of “bukatsudou”, meaning “extra-

well study spaces and the library.

curricular activities”, and they are very popular amoung students in Japan. Together with a large variety of rooms for the exercise of these occupations, these floors host as

start-up offices consist of the last 3 floors of the building.

Finally,

the

floors

dedicated

Here, we find conference rooms, leisure spaces and an open space office sector, which is

Fig. 71 SECTION BOX - Library and student clubs (floors 12 - 22) Legend: 1 Conference room

6 Lobby

11 Foreign languages

16 Literature

21 Flower arrangement

26 Archive

2 Large conference room

7 MEP

12 Robot laboratory

17 Mathematics

22 Gym

3 Rehearsal room

8 Karaoke

13 Handcrafting

18 Chess

23 Tea ceremony

27 Green system

4 Dance

9 Cooking

14 Painting

19 Table tennis

24 Cafe/bar

5 Karate/judo/kendo training space

10 Photography

15 Calligraphy

20 Small theatre

25 Study area

1 2

27 9 20 13

10 14

12 17

15 16

18 19 22

20 24

21 23

25 26

26 25

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

ystem

the needs.

office space

FLOOR PLAN 27 Legend: 1 Cafe/bar

Green area

Gym

Reception

ore

Fig. 73 3

nce room

made flexible through the use of sliding panels, making it possible to divide the4 space according to

2 2

4 5m

Fig. 72

FLOOR PLAN 28 5m

Legend:

Start-up offices / open space flexible offices

1 Conference room

Sliding panels: flexibility of spaces

Open space area

Green area

ore

nce room

ystem

office space

FLOOR PLAN 29

Legend:

1 Conference room

Open space area

Leisure area

Green area

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 74 5m

150m 145m 140m 135m 130m 125m 120m 115m 110m 105m 100m 95m 90m 85m 80m 75m 70m 65m 60m 55m 50m 45m 40m 35m 30m 25m 20m 15m 10m

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Fig. 75

Fig. 76

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 77 5m

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 78

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 79

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 80 South Facade

3.4 Sustainability

West Facade

One of the main objectives in the design of this project is that of achieving a nearly zero energy building. To do so, the façade is double: the external layer works as a first shell and is the “active” part of the envelope, while an MORNING internal airtight façade seals the building. This double design allows to benefit from natural ventilation during summer and decrease the heat losses in winter. While the internal façade is a N continuous curtain N wall E made of laminated glass that encapsulates the building, the W W structure of the external façade is S made of steel painted white: this Fig. 81

NOON AFTERNOON

Low-e glass

Low-e glass Laminated glass

North Facade

East Facade

N E

W Laminated glass

Low-e glass

Laminated glass

NOON

AFTERNOON

MORNING

E N

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

North facade North North facade facade

Fig. 82

East fac East East fac fac

Solar Thermal Collectors - provide thermal energy

Diamond pattern Diamond Diamondpattern pattern Diamond pattern North facade

East facade

BIPV - provide electric energy - lower sun radiation Glass Glass Glass

Diamond pattern

Origami folding Origami Origami folding folding Origami folding

150m 150m 150m

Glass Glass Glass Low-e photovo Low-e photovo Low-e photovo

Double facade South facade

West fac West West fac fac

South South facade facade

- provides natural ventilation Glass - helps to prevent heat loss

Glass

Low-e photovoltaic glass

Origami folding

150m

South facade

Functional envelope Functional envelope Functional Functionalenvelope envelope

West facade

Facade conformation - increases the area receiving direct sunlight

Functional envelope W W W

N N N S S WS

E E E

Low-e photovoltaic glass Local and durable materials Low-e photovoltaic glass

Glass Glass Glass Low-e photovo Low-e photovo Low-e photovo

Low-e photovoltaic glass

Low-e photovoltaic glass - steel

west

north

- glass - bamboo

east

Glass

Low-e photovoltaic glass

NOON AFTERNOON

MORNING

NOON

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

external skin performs a few key tasks that hold the very innovative approach of the project.

depending on the orientation of the surface. Moreover, building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

Its design is a contemporary interpretation of a traditional Japanese pattern called “tatewaku” (立涌), a sinuous design of vertical waves that resemble the rising of steam, thought to be auspicious. During the Heian period, the design required advanced techniques to be created and therefore was only worn by those who could afford it. The meaning of “tatewaku” is therefore a “rising above” circumstance, as in this case the rising of the Fukuoka Student Hub tall building.

are installed on the low-e glass (which is present on most of the south and on half of east and west elevations), while the north façade and the bottom part hosting residential functions has common laminated glass. The conformation of the façade is studied to get the maximum out of solar energy: the single matrix of the pattern is divided into two and folded like an origami; thanks to this tilt, also the east and west elevations, which would normally get direct sunlight only for an opposite and limited range of hours during the day, end up receiving straight solar rays on half of their surfaces during the central hours as well.

The material of the façade is glass, rather laminated or low-emissivity Fig. 83 “Tatewaku” (立涌) traditional pattern:

Another feature made possible by the doubling of the façade is natural ventilation: thanks to a mechanical technology some portions of the pattern are openable and allow the use of a mixed-mode ventilation, reducing the risk of strong wind currents in the gap between the two façades. Through this technology, natural ventilation is used when

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Fig. 84

HEB 1000* 584 Concrete core

HEB 500

Building structure

Laminated Glass HEB 260

Stainless steel (DN 200mm)

Laminated Glass & Low-E Glass

Stainless steel (DN 100mm)

Stainless steel (DN 300mm)

(connected with vertical elements and glass frame) (connected with vertical elements) (connected with cantilever)

First facade

Glass Frame (connected with vertical elements)

(connected with floor slab)

Cantilever (connected with building structure)

Second facade

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

the external weather conditions allow it (summer period), but mechanical ventilation takes over

The other solution that contributes to limit the energy consumption of the building and that boosts

when external weather conditions are not suitable (winter period). This reduces energy consumption and therefore the cost of HVAC systems, while maintaining a healthy and comfortable indoor environment.

the sustainable character of the project is the thermal solar collectors placed on top of the roof, which warm up the water needed through green energy.

Fig. 85

Exterior Brace · Stainless steel with white paint · DN 300mm · To support the second layer of facade

External Glass Mullions · Stainless steel with white paint · DN 100mm · To divide and organize the second layer of facade

Laminated Glass · Transparent · To let in the sun light

Internal Brace · Stainless steel with white paint · DN 200mm · To support the 2rd layer of facade and connect the cantiliver beams

Low - E Glass · Blue and 20% of transparency · To decrease the sun radiation inside of rooms

Cantiliver Beams · HEB 260 · To support the 2rd layer of facade and deliver the load to columns

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Interior Curtainwall Mullions · Wood · 50mm * 150mm · To divide the first layer of facade (curtain wall)

Interior Curtainwall Glass · Laminated glass · To shape the ventilation space and better indoor spatial quality

Huge Triangular Void Column · DN 160, DN 50 · To bear the load of tower

Columns · HE 1000*584 mm · To bear the load of tower

Beams (except the Cantiliver Beams) · HEB 500 mm, HEB 300 mm · To bear the load of tower

Slabs · Concrete · To allow people walk and use the space

Core · Concrete · To connect the beams &support the whole building

Ventilation Grid · Metal grid · For both air ventilation & walkability

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.5 Construction and materials 3.5.1 Structural scheme The tower and the podium use a steel structure, the tower taffic core uses a concrete shear wall.

Concrete core Huge triangular void column HE 1000*584 HEB 900

Low-e glass

Stainless steel Stainless steel HE 1000*584 HEB 300 Laminated safety glass HEB 300 HEB 900

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

The tower dimension is 40m*40m, the concrete core is 12m*18m. There are 4 huge truss pillars at the corner of the building. One dimension between two pillars is 12m, another is 9m. Using HE steel materials in pillars and beams. Structural plan:

2000 0

6000 4000

2000 10000

8000 0

6000

Units: mm 4000 8000

10000

2000

Units: mm

2000 10000

6000 4000

0 8000

6000

Units: mm 4000 8000

10000

Units: mm

One floor 3D views:

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.5.2 Slab section and load calculation Q1 G1 G2

Q1 : Live load, variable load G1 : Dead load, Beam self-weight

HEB beam

G2: Dead load, Floor self-wieght

Influence area 2000

6000

4000

8000

10000

Main beam 1

2000

Units: mm

6000 4000

10000 8000

Pillar K Main beam 2

N Units: mm

Secondary beam HEB beam

Pillar K

Main beam 2

12m

G1: Dead load, Beam self-weight Steel Beams Secondary Beam: HEB 300 10000

000

Area : 14910 mm2 , 0.01491 m2 Units: mm Material density: 7700 kg/m3 , 77 KN/m3 Linear load G1 : 1.1 KN/m

Main Beam 1, 2 : HEB 900 N Area : 37130 nm2 , 0.03713 m2 Material density: 7700 kg/m3 , 77 KN/m3 Linear load G1 : 2.9 KN/m

6.5m

Main beam 1

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Beam self-weight (on one pillar): Main beam 1 : HEB 900 L *Linear load G1 = 12m*2.9KN/m = 34.8 KN

Secondary beams :HEB 300 L *Linear load G1 = 9m*1.1KN/m = 9.9 KN 5*L *Linear load G1 = 5*9.9 KN = 49.5 KN

Main beam 2 : HEB 900 L *Linear load G1 = 12m*2.9KN/m = 34.8 KN

Beam self-weight loaded on pillar: 1/2 *(34.8 KN+34.8KN+49.5KN)=59.55 KN

G2 : Dead load: Floor self-weight

Roof section:

Floor section: Standard lightweight concrete floor Floor Layer

length

15mm Bamboo flooring 65mm Sand and cement screed 50mm Glass wool insulation 120mm Concrete and steel deck

width 1m 1m 1m 1m

Height 1m 1m 1m 1m

Density

Volumetric weight

0.015m 0.065m 0.05m 0.12m

500 Kg/m3 2000 Kg/m3 48 Kg/m3 2000 Kg/m3

Weight 5 KN/m3 20 KN/m3 0.48 KN/m3 20 KN/m3

Area load G2

Floor Layer 60mm Gravel 65mm Sand and cement screed 50mm Glass wool insulation 120mm Concrete and steel deck Area load G2

0.075 KN/m2 1.3 KN/m2 0.024 KN/m2 2.4 KN/m2 3.8 KN/m2

length

width 1m 1m 1m 1m

Height 1m 1m 1m 1m

Density

Volumetric weight

0.06m 0.065m 0.05m 0.12m

1346 Kg/m3 2000 Kg/m3 48 Kg/m3 2000 Kg/m3

Weight 13.46 KN/m3 20 KN/m3 0.48 KN/m3 20 KN/m3

0.8076 KN/m2 1.3 KN/m2 0.024 KN/m2 2.4 KN/m2 4.5 KN/m2

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Snow load:

Snow load: 0.101 KN/m2 Maintenance load: 1 KN/m2

Q1 : Live load: variable load

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Area load Q1 : 2 KN/m2

3.5.3 Beam total load and beam check Influence area 3m

HEB beam

Pillar K Main beam 1

6.5m

Secondary beam

12m 68

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Main beam 1 ( = Main beam 2 ) : Part 2: B eam Tot al Load Calculat ion

ULS Influence a rea widt h I Dead load: B eLia nm easr elolfawdeG ig1ht Area load G2 Lin r llfow ad D e a d lo a d : F l o oe ra Se eig Gh2t Area load Q1

SLS 6.5

Influence a rea widt h I

2. 9

k N/m

Linear load G1

3.8

kN/m2

Area load G2

24 . 7

k N/m

Linear load G2

6. 5

Dead load:2B.9eam self weight 3.8 Dead load: 2F4lo.7or Self w eight 2.0

m k N/m kN/m2 k N/m

2.0

kN/m2

Area load Q1

Live load: R esLid ineenat iralo l ad Q 1

13.0

k N/m

Linear load Q 1

Live load: R e13s.i0dent ial

k N/m

kN/m2

Dead load: B eLia nm easr elolfawdeG ig1ht

2. 9

k N/m

Linear load G1

Dead load:2B.9eam self weight

k N/m

Dead load: Flo Lin oe ra Se r llfow ad eig Gh2t

24 . 7

k N/m

Linear load G2

Dead load: 2F4lo.7or Self w eight

k N/m

Live load: R esLid ineenat iralo l ad Q 1

13.0

k N/m

Linear load Q 1

Live load: R e13s.i0dent ial

k N/m

Coefficient for G1

1.35

Coefficient for G1

1.00

Coefficient for G2

1.35

Coefficient for G2

1.00

Coefficient for Q 1

1.50

Coefficient for Q 1

1.00

TOTAL BEAM LOAD Quls

56. 7

k N/m

TOTAL B EAM LOAD Qsls

4 0.6

k N/m

3.0

1. 1

k N/m

P art3- Bea m S teel C heck ULS

1 . C alculat e M _E D E x ternal B ending M o men t C alculatio n

Influence a rea widt h I

Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

Linear load G1

M _E D

3.0

12 56.7

1. 1

1 02 0.5

m kN/m

k N/m

kN m

SLS Influence area w idt h I Linear load G1

10 2 052 5993.0 0

Area load G2

3.8

kN/m2

Area load G2

3.8

kN/m2

Linear load G2

11. 4

k N/m

Linear load G2

11. 4

k N/m

Area load Q1

2.0

2 . C ho os e s t eel c las s S teel c las s S…

4 50

.C arlcloualadt e L3in ea Q 1f yd f rom t he s t eel6c.0la s s fyk

kN/m2

Area load Q1

2.0

kN/m2

k N/m

Linear load Q 1

6.0

k N/m k N/m

450

MPa

Lγs inear load G1

1.1 1.15

k N/m

Linear load G1

1. 1

Lfiyndear load G2

11.4391

Linear load G2

11. 4

k N/m

6.0

k N/m MPa

k N/m

Linear load Q 1

6.0

k N/m

Coefficient for G1

1.35

Coefficient for G1

1.00

Coefficient for G2

1.35

Coefficient for G2

1.00

Coefficient for Q 1

1.50

TOTAL BEAM LOAD Quls

25.9

k N/m

Linear load Q 1

4 . C alculat e W pl Wpl

2 6 08 01 0.8 71

mm 3

2 6 08

Coefficient for Q 1 TOTAL B EAM LOAD Q sls

5. C ho os e t he cros s se ct io n s uch as it has a W pl g reat er t han t he o ne calculat ed Bea m c hos en

HE B 90 0

Wpl ch os en

1 2 58 0

10 ^3 mm3

1 . C alculate M _E D E x ternal B ending M o men t C alcu latio n M=1020.5 Beam Lenght L

N mm

10 ^3 mm3 1.00

18 . 5

k N/m

KN/m

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

25.9

kN/m

M _E D

2 6 2 .0

kN m

2 . C ho os e s t eel c las s S teel c las s S…

4 50

2 6 198 4 375.00

N mm

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project 1.C alculate Sh ear Fo rce

Defo rmat io

Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

56.7

kN/m

Shea r Fo rce

34 0 .2

kN m

Beam Leng

Linear load 340 175331 .00

N mm

E Iy

2 . C ho os e s t eel c las s 4 50

S teel c las s S…

Deformatio 3. C alculat e f yd f rom t he s t eel c las s MPa

Δ(total)（=

39 1

MPa

Δmax= L/2

8 6 93 3 6 . 9 5 7

mm2

fyk

450

γs

1.15

fy d 4 . C alculat e A vz A vz

869

10 ^2 mm2

Δ(live load

5. C ho os e t he cros s s ect io n s uch as it h as a Avz greater t han t he o ne calculat ed Beam cho se n

HE B 900

Avz c hos en

18880

Live load Q

Δmax= L/3

1 0^ 2 mm 2

Dead load

F= 340.2 KN/m

Δ(dead loa

Δmax= L/3

Def ormat io

1 .Calculate Shea r Fo rce Beam Lenght L

Beam Leng

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

25.9

kN/m

Linear load

Shea r Fo rce

1 16 .4

kN m

F= -340.2 KN/m

11 6 43750 0.00

N mm

E Iy

2 . C ho os e s t eel c las s HEB 900 Dimensions : 4 50 S teel c las s S…

Dimensions for detailing :

Strong axis y-y :

tw : 18.5 mm 1.15 tf : 35 mm 3 r : 30 mm 91

hi : 830 mm d : 770 mm MPa DN : M27 Pmin : 134 mm MPa Pmax : 198 mm

Iy : 494100 * 10^4 mm4 Wel.y : 10980 * 10^3 mm3 Wpl.y : 12580 * 10^3 mm3 iy : 36.48 * 10 mm Avz : 188.8 * 10^2 mm2

Area :

Surface :

h : 900 mm

3. C alculat e f yd f rom t he s teel c las s b : 300 mm fyk 450 γs

fy d 4 . C alculat e A vz A vz

2 9756 2 .5

A : 37130 mm2

Deformatio

Δ(total)（=

Δmax= L/2

Weak axis z-z : mm2

2 98

10 ^2 mm2

AL : 2.911 m2/m Iz : 15820 * 10^4 mm4 : 9.99 5. C ho os e t he cros s se ct io n s uch as it has a AG A vz g reatem2/t r t han the one calculat edWel.z : 1054 * 10^3 mm3 Weight :HEB 300 Wpl.z : 1658 * 10^3 mm3 Bea m c hos en iz : 6.53 * 10 mm Avz c hos en 4 74 3 1 0^2 mm2 OK G : 391 kg/m Ss : 123.60 mm It : 1137 * 10^4 mm4 Iw : 29460 * 10^9 mm6

Live load Q

Δ(live load

Δmax= L/3

Dead load

Δ(dead loa

Δmax= L/3

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Defo rmatio n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

40.6

kN/m

210000000

KN/m2210

10^6 KN/m2

494100

10^4 mm4 494100

10^(-8) m4

0.004941

Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI))

0.01055231

10.552

Δmax= L/250

4.8

Deformation (SLS)

Δ=10.A552 mm OK

Live load Q1 (linar load)

13.0

KN/m

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.00338277

3.3828

Δmax= L/300

Δ=3.3828 mm

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

27.6

KN/m

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.00716953

7.1695

Δmax= L/300

Δ=7.1695 mm

Influence area

Def ormat io n

Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

18.5

kN/m

210000000

KN/m2210

10^6 KN/m2

25170

10^4 mm4 25170

10^(-8) m4

0.0002517

0.02990047

29.9

3.6

Deformation (SLS) Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI)) Δmax= L/250

Secondary beam

OK 6.0

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.00969745

9.6975

Δmax= L/300

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

12.5

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.02020302

Δmax= L/300

Main beam 1

Main beam 2

KN/m

3m 71

HEB beam KN/m

Live load Q1 (linar load)

20.203

Pillar K 30

mm mm

Coefficient for G1

1.35

Coefficient for G1

1.00

Coefficient for G2

1.35

Coefficient for G2

1.00

Coefficient for Q 1

1.50

Coefficient for Q 1

TOTAL BEAM LOAD Quls

56. 7

k N/m

TOTAL B EAM LOAD Qsls

4 0.6

k N/m

3.0

1. 1

k N/m

Secondary beam ( = HEB beam) :

Fukuoka Project 1.00 Student Hub - 03. The -

P art3- Bea m S t eel C heck

ULS

1 . C alculat e M _E D E x ternal B ending M o men t C alculatio n Beam Lenght L

Influence a rea widt h I

3.0

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

56.7

M _E D

1 02 0.5

Linear load G1

1. 1

SLS Influence area w idt h I

kN/m kN m

10 2 052 5993.0 0

k N/m

N mm

Linear load G1

2 . C ho os e s teel c las s teel c las s S… Area load SG2

3.8

Linear load G2

11. 4

4 50

kN/m2

Area load G2

3.8

kN/m2

k N/m

Linear load G2

11. 4

k N/m

3. C alculat e f yd f rom t he s t eel c las s

Area load fyk Q1

2.0

Linear load Q 1

6.0

Linear load G1

1. 1

Linear load G2

11. 4

Linear load Q 1

6.0

γs

fyd

4 . C alculat e W pl

450 1.15 391

kN/m2MPa

Area load Q1

2.0

kN/m2

k N/m

Linear load Q 1

6.0

k N/m

1. 1

k N/m

MPa

k N/m

6.0

k N/m

Coefficien5t. fCohroGo1s e the cros s se ct1i.o 3n 5 s uch as it ha-s a Wpl g reater thaCnotehfefic ient for G1 o ne calculat ed

1.00

Coefficient for G2

1.00

CoefficienW tp fol rch Qo1 s en

1.50

CoOeKfficient for Q 1

1.00

TOTAL BEAM LOAD Quls

25.9

TOTAL B EAM LOAD Q sls

18 . 5

k N/m

CoefficienBtefaom r Gc2hos en

1.35

k N/m

Linear load G1

11. 4

Wpl

2 6 08 01 0.8 71

k N/m

Linear load G2

mm3

2 6 08

Linear load Q 1

HE B 90 0 1 2 58 0

10 ^3 mm3

k N/m

10 ^3 mm3

1 . C alculate M _E D E x ternal B ending M o men t C alculatio n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

25.9

kN/m

M _E D

2 6 2 .0

kN m

2 . C ho os e s t eel c las s S te e l c l a s s S…

4 50

3. C alculat e f yd f rom t he s teel c las s fyk 450

2 6 198 4 375.00

N mm

6 70

1 0^3 mm3

MPa

1.15

γs

fyd

391

MPa

4 . C alculat e W pl Wp l

6 6 9 5 15 . 6 2 5

m m3

5. C ho os e t he cros s se ct io n s uch as it has a W pl g reater than the o ne calculated Bea m c hos en

HE B 300

Wpl ch os en

18 6 9

10 ^3 mm3

M=262 KN/m

Δ(dead load) (=

Δmax= L/300

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Def ormat io n

1 .Calculate Shea r Fo rce Beam Lenght L

Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

25.9

kN/m

Linear load on be

Shea r Fo rce

1 16 . 4

kN m

11 6 43750 0.00

N mm

E Iy

2 . C ho os e s t eel c las s

Defo rmatioSnteel c la s s S… Beam Lenght L

4 50 12

kN/m

Deformation (SLS

Linear load 3.on C abeam lculatQ_SLS e f yd f rom t he s t eel c40.6 la s s

fyk

210000000 450

KN/m2210

γs

1.15494100

10^4 mm4 494100

390.004941 1

2 90.01055231 756 2 .5

10.552

fy d

Δ(total)（= (5/38

10^6 KN/m2 MPa 10^(-8) m4

Δmax= L/250

MPa

Deformation (SLS)

4 . C alculat e A vz

Δ(total)（= *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI)) Av(5/384) z Δmax= L/250

4.8

mm m m2

2 98

10 ^2 mm2

Δ(live load) (= Δ(t

Δmax= L/300

5. C ho os e t he cros s se ct io n s uch as it has a A vz greater than t he one calculat ed

Bea m c hos en

H E B 3 00

Avz c hos en

4 743

Live load Q1 (linar load)

13.0

KN/m

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.00338277

3.3828

F= 116.4 KN/m

Δmax= L/300

1 0^2 mm2

Dead load G (G1+ Δ(dead load) (=

Δmax= L/300

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

27.6

KN/m

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.00716953

7.1695

Δmax= L/300

F= -116.4 KN/m Def ormat io n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

18.5

kN/m

210000000

KN/m2210

10^6 KN/m2

25170

10^4 mm4 25170

10^(-8) m4

0.0002517

0.02990047

29.9

3.6

Deformation (SLS) Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI)) Δmax= L/250

Δ=29.9 mm

OK Live load Q1 (linar load)

6.0

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.00969745

9.6975

Δmax= L/300

KN/m

Δ=9.6975mm

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

12.5

KN/m

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.02020302

20.203

Δmax= L/300

Live load Q1 (linar

Δ=20.203 mm

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project HEB 300

Dimensions :

Dimensions for detailing :

Strong axis y-y :

h : 300 mm b : 300 mm tw : 11 mm tf : 19 mm r : 27 mm

hi : 262 mm d : 208 mm DN : M27 Pmin : 120 mm Pmax : 198 mm

Iy : 25170 * 10^4 mm4 Wel.y : 1678 * 10^3 mm3 Wpl.y : 1869 * 10^3 mm3 iy : 12.99 * 10 mm Avz : 47.43 * 10^2 mm2

Area :

Surface :

Weak axis z-z :

A : 14910 mm2

AL : 1.732 m2/m AG : 14.8 m2/t

Iz : 8563 * 10^4 mm4 Wel.z : 570.9 * 10^3 mm3 Wpl.z : 870.1 * 10^3 mm3 iz : 7.58 * 10 mm

Weight : G : 117 kg/m

Ss : 80.63 mm It : 185* 10^4 mm4 Iw : 1688 * 10^9 mm6

Influence area

12m 2000 0

6000 4000

10000 8000

N Units: mm

2000 0

6000 4000

1.5m

Beam B

6.5m

4.5m

Beam A

Beam C

10000 8000

Units: mm

Stair part beam : BEAM A Student Hub - 03. The Project Fukuoka

u lat io n

P art 2 : B eam T o t al L o ad C alc u latio n ULS

4.5

Inm flu e nce are a wi dt h I

2 .9

L inkN ea r lo ad G1 /m

3.8

Area kN/m2 load G2

17 .1

L ink N ea r lo ad G2 /m

2.0

Area kN/m2 load Q1

9 .0

L ink N ea r lo ad Q 1 /m

SL S 4.5

De ad lo ad2: .9 B eam s elf wkeNi g/m ht 3.8

2.0

4. 5

L in eDaerald o alodaG d1: B eam s elf w ei ght 2 .9

kN/m2

Area load G2

Dead lo ad17: .F1 lo o r Se lf w ekiN g/hm t

.0s iden t ial L iv e l o ad: 9 Re

SL S

Influ e nce are a wi dt h I

L in e Daerald o alodaG d2 : F lo o r Se lf w ei ght

kN/m2

Area load Q1

k N /m

L in e L ia ve r lo l oaadd:QR1es iden t ial

Inm flu e nce are a wi dth I L inke Na /m r lo ad G1

3.8 17 .1

Dead lo

Area kN/m2 load G2 L inkN ea /m r lo ad G2

2.0

Area kN/m2 load Q1

9 .0

L inke Na /m r lo ad Q 1

De ad lo

L iv e lo a

2 .9

/m L ink N ea r lo ad G1

De ad lo ad2: .9 B eam s elf wkeNi g/m ht

L in eDaerald o alodaG d1: B eam s elf w ei ght 2 .9

L inke Na /m r lo ad G1

Dead lo

17 .1

L inkN ea r lo ad G2 /m

Dead lo ad17: .F1 lo o r Se lf w ekiN g/hm t

L in e Daerald o alodaG d2 : F lo o r Se lf w ei ght

17 .1

L inkN ea /m r lo ad G2

De ad lo

.0s iden t ial L iv e l o ad: 9 Re

k N /m

L in e L ia ve r lo l oaadd:QR1es iden t ial

9 .0

L inke Na /m r lo ad Q 1

L iv e lo a

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G1

1. 0 0

Co - e ffic ie nt f o r G1

9 .0

L ink N ea r lo ad Q 1 /m

1.3 5

C -o effi ci en t fo r G 1

1. 3 5

1.35

C -o effi ci en t fo r G 2

1. 3 5

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1. 0 0

Co - e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1.5 0

C -o effi ci en t fo r Q 1

1. 5 0

C o e ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

1. 0 0

Co - e ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

40 .5

TPOkaN TrA/tm L3B MaLm O ASDt e QeullsC he ck -EBAe

40 .5

kN /m

T O T A L B E A M L O A D Q s ls

2 9 .0

T OkTNA/m L B E A M L O A D Q s ls

1. C alcu lat e M _ E D E x te rn al B e ndin g Mo men t C alc u latio n Beam Lenght L

6.5

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

40.5

M_ E D

m kN/m

2 13 .9

kNm

2 13 8 9 0 6 2 5 . 0 0

Nmm

2 . C ho o s e s te el c las s SBEAM t ee l Bc las s S…

u latio n

45 0

P art 2 : B eam T o t al L o ad C alc u latio n

ULS

3 . C alcu lat e f y d fro m t h e s t e el c las s

3.7 5

Inm flu e nce are a wi dth I

2 .9

Lγs ink N ea /m r lo ad G1

3.7 5

fyk

450

3.8

Area kN/m2 load G2 L ink N ea /m r lo ad G2

4. C alcu lat e W pl

391 3.8

2.0

Area kN/m2 load Q1 L ink N ea /m r lo ad Q 1

2.0

Area load G2

kN/m2

L in e Daerald o alodaG d2 : F lo o r Se lf w ei ght

mm3

kN/m

5 47

Area load Q1

L in e L ia ve r lo l oaadd:QR1es iden t ial

5 . C ho o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u c h as i t h as a W pl gr eater t h an t h e o ne c alc u lat ed

2 .9

m LBinkeN eaa r locah doGs1en /m

De ad lo ad2: .9 BHeEaBm9s0e0lf wkeNi g/m ht

14.3

haods eGn2 LW inkN epa rclo /lm

2o5r8S0elf wekiN Dead lo ad14: F.3l1o g/hm t

7 .5

L inkN ea /m r lo ad Q 1

L iv e l o ad: 7R.e 5s iden t ial

1.3 5

C -o effi ci en t fo r G 1

1.35

3.75

L in eDaerald o alodaG d1: B eam s elf w ei ght 2 .9

kN/m2

5 46 6 0 9 .3 7 5

L iv e l o ad: 7R.e 5s iden t ial

SL S

Influ e nce are a wi dth I

Inm flu e nce are a wi dth I L inke Na /m r lo ad G1

Dead lo

MPa

Dead lo ad14 : F.3lo o r Se lf w ekiN g/hm t

W pl

7 .5

MPa

De ad lo ad2: .9 B1.15 eam s elf wkeNi g/m ht

fy d 14 .3

SL S m

3.8 14 .3

Area kN/m2 load G2 L inkN ea /m r lo ad G2

10 ^ 3 mm3 2.0

7 .5

d1: B eam s elf w ei ght 2 .9 L in eDaerald o alodaG

De ad lo

Area kN/m2 load Q1 L inke Na /m r lo ad Q 1

L iv e lo a

L inke r lo ad G1 Na /m

Dead lo

10 ^ 3 mLm 3aerald O2: KF lo o r Self weight D d in e o alodaG

14 .3

L inkN ea r lo ad G2 /m

De ad lo

kN/m

L in e L ia ve r lo l oaadd:QR1es iden t ial

7 .5

L inke Na /m r lo ad Q 1

L iv e lo a

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G1

1.0 0

Co - e ffic ie nt f o r G1

1.3 5

C -o effi ci en t fo r G 2

1.35

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1.0 0

Co - e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1.5 0

C -o effi ci en t fo r Q 1

1.5 0

C o e ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

1.0 0

Co - e ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

3 4.4

T Ok N T A/m L B E AM L O AD Q u ls

3 4.4

k N/m

T O T AL B E AM L O AD Q s ls

2 4.7

T Ok N T A/m L B E AM L O AD Q s ls

M=213.9 KN/m P art 3- B eam S tee l C he ck

75 1. C alcu lat e M _ E D E x te rn al B e ndin g Mo men t C alc u lat io n

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project 1.C alcu lat e S hear F o r ce

Defo r

Beam Lenght L

6.5

Beam

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

40.5

kN/m

Linea

S he ar F o r ce

13 1. 6

k Nm

13 16 2 5 0 0 0 . 0 0

Nmm

E Iy

2 . C ho o s e s t e el c las s St ee l c las s S…

45 0

Defo 3 . C alc u lat e fy d fro m t h e s te el c las s fyk

450

γs

1.15

fy d

Δ(tot

MPa

39 1

Δma

MPa

4. C alcu late A v z Av z

33 63 75

mm2

33 6

10 ^ 2 mm2

Live

Δ(live

5 . C h o o s e t h e c ro s s s ec t io n s u ch as it h as a Av z gre at er t h an t h e o ne c alc u lated B eam c h o s en

HEB90 0

A v z ch o s e n

18 8 8 0

10 ^ 2 m m 2

Δma OK

Dead

F= 131.6 KN/m

Δ(de

Δma

F= -131.6 KN/m 1.C alcu late S hear F o r ce Defo rmatBeam io n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

Linear load on beam Q_SLS E

Defo r

Lenght L

S hear F o r ce

2 . C ho o s e s te el c las s St ee l(SLS) c las s Deformation

S…

12 6.5

34.4

29.0

kN/m

494100

10^4 mm4

0.004941

2 0 6 .4 210000000

KN/m2

Beam

kN/m

Linea

k Nm 210

0 6 4 15 0 0 0 .0 0 10^6 2 KN/m2

494100

10^(-8) m4

0.64961502

0.000649615

Δmax= L/250

2.6

3 . C alc u late fy d fro m t h e s t e el c las s fyk

450

γs

1.15

m cm

Defo

Δ(tot

Δ=0.65 mm

39 1

KN/m

Δma

MPa

2.0

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

4.4801E-05

0.04480104

Δmax= L/300

2.166666667

21.6666667

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

20.0

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.00044801

0.44801036

2.166666667

21.6666667

Av z

E Iy

MPa

Live load Q1 (linar load)

4. C alcu lat e A v z

Nmm

45 0

Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI))

fy d

5 2 75 0 5

mm2

Δ=0.04mm 528

10 ^ 2 mm2

Live

KN/m

Δ(live

5 . C h o o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u ch as it h as a Av z gre ater th an th e o ne c alc u lated

Δmax= L/300

B eam c h o s en Av z ch o s e n

H E BO9K0 0 18 8 8 0

Δma

Δ=0.45 mm 10 ^ 2 m m2

Dead

76 Defo rmat io n

Δ(de

Δma

Stair part beam :

Fukuoka BEAM A Student Hub - 03. The Project

c u lat io n

P art 2 : B eam T o t al L o ad C alc u latio n

Influence area ULS In flu me nce are a wi dt h I

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

3.8

Area load G2 kN/m2

17 .1

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

2.0

Area load Q1 kN/m2

9 .0

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

3.75m

4.5

SL S

SL S 4.5

k Ne/im De ad lo a2d.9: B eam s elf w ght

12m

3.8

kN/m2

4.5

Influme nce are a wi dth I

De ea ardloloaaddG : B1 eam s elf w ei ght L in

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

Area load G2

Ni/gm Dead lo a17d.1: F lo o r Se lf wke ht 2.0

Influ e nce are a wi dth I

DeardloloaaddG : F2lo o r Se lf w ei ght L in

kN/m2

Beam B

0es iden t ial k N/m L iv e l o ad9: .R

Area load Q1 : RQ e1s iden t ial L iLniv ee arl oloaadd

3.8 17 .1

Area load G2 kN/m2 2000

6000

4000

10000

8000

Dead l N

Units: mm

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

2.0

Area load Q1 kN/m2

9 .0

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

2000 0

6000 4000

10000 8000

De ad l

L iv e lo

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

k Ne/im De ad lo a2d.9: B eam s elf w ght

De ea ardloloaaddG : B1 eam s elf w ei ght L in

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

Dead l

17 .1

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

Ni/gm Dead lo a17d.1: F lo o r Se lf wke ht

DeardloloaaddG : F2lo o r Se lf w ei ght L in

17 .1

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

De ad l

0es iden t ial k N/m L iv e l o ad9: .R

: RQ e1s iden t ial L iLniv ee arl oloaadd

9 .0

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

L iv e lo

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G1

1.0 0

Coe - ffic ie nt f o r G1

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m Coe - ffi ci en t fo r G 1

6.5m

9 .0 1.3 5

1.3 5

Beam A

Coe - ffi ci en t fo r G 2

1.3 5

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1.0 0

Coe - ffic ie nt f o r G2

Coe - ffi ci en t fo r Q 1

1.5 0

C o e ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

1.0 0

C o e- ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

4 0 .5

T O TkANL/m B E AM L O AD Q u ls

4 0 .5

kN /m

T O T A L B E A M L O A D Q s ls

2 9 .0

T O TkANL/m B E A M L O A D Q s ls

Influ e nce are a wi dt h I

3.75

Influme nce are a wi dt h I

De ea ardloloaaddG : B1 eam s elf w ei ght L in

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

1.5m

1.3 5 1.5 0

Beam C

BEAM B

c u latio n

P art 2 : B eam T o tal L o ad C alc u latio n ULS

3.7 5

In f lu me nce are a wi dt h I

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

3.8

Area load G2 kN/m2

14 .3

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

2.0

Area load Q1 kN/m2

7 .5

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

SL S

SL S 3.7 5

kNe/im De ad lo a2d.9: B eam s elf w ght 3.8

kN/m2

Ni/gm Dead lo a14d.3 : F lo o r Se lf wke ht 2.0

kN/m2

Area load G2 DeardloloaaddG : F2lo o r Se lf w ei ght L in Area load Q1

3.8 14 .3 2.0

Dead l

Area load G2 kN/m2 L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

De ad l

Area load Q1 kN/m2

L iv e l o ad7: .5Res iden t ial kN/m

: RQ e1s iden t ial L iLniv ee arl oloaadd

7 .5

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

L iv e lo

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

kNe/im De ad lo a2d.9: B eam s elf w ght

De ea ardloloaaddG : B1 eam s elf w ei ght L in

2 .9

L in eka lo ad G1 Nr/m

Dead l

14 .3

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

Ni/gm Dead lo a14d.3 : F lo o r Se lf wke ht

DeardloloaaddG : F2lo o r Se lf w ei ght L in

14 .3

L in eka lo ad G2 Nr/m

De ad l

L iv e l o ad7: .5 Res iden t ial kN/m

: RQ e1s iden t ial L iLniv ee arl oloaadd

7 .5

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

L iv e lo

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G1

1. 0 0

Coe - ffic ie nt f o r G1

7 .5

L in eka lo ad Q 1 Nr/m

1.3 5

Coe - ffi ci en t fo r G 1

1. 3 5

1.3 5

Coe - ffi ci en t fo r G 2

1. 3 5

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1. 0 0

Coe - ffic ie nt f o r G2

1.5 0

Coe - ffi ci en t fo r Q 1

1. 5 0

C o e f f ic ie n t f o r Q 1

1. 0 0

C o e- ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

3 4.4

T O TkANL/m B E A M L O A D Q u ls

3 4.4

k N /m

T O T A L B E A M L O A D Q s ls

2 4.7

T O TkANL/m B E AM L O AD Q s ls

Beam Lenght L

6.5

onSbeam PLinear art 3- load B eam t ee l CQ_ULS he ck

40.5

kN/m

S he ar F o r ce

13 1.6

k Nm

Beam L

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project 13 16 2 5 0 0 0 .0 0

Nmm

fyk 2 . C ho o s e s te el c las s γs S tee l c las s S… fy d

450 1.15 45 0 39 1

3 . C alcu lat e f y d fro m t h e s te el c las s 4. C alcu late A v z fyk 450 Av z 33 63 75 γs 1.15

kNm

Beam Le 6 19 2 4 5 0 0 0 . 0 0

N mm

MPa MPa

3 . C alc u MPa mm2

33 6

10 ^ 2 mm2

HEB90 0 18 8 8 0 15 8 2 5 15

10 ^ 2 m m2 mm3

15 8 3

OK 10 ^ 3 m m 3

HEB 90 0

W pl c ho s e n

12 5 8 0

10 ^ 3 m m 3

fyk Live loa γs Δ(live lo fy d Δmax=

4. C alcu la

Av z Dead lo

Δ(dead 5 . Cho o s Δmax= B eam c h

5 . C ho o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u c h as i t h as a W pl gr eater t h an t h e o ne c alc u lated B eam ch o s en

Linear lo Deform S hear F o r Δ(total)

2 . C ho o Δmax= St ee l c las

fy d 391 MPa 5 . C h o o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u ch as it h as a Av z gre at er th an t h e o ne c alc u lated B eam c h o s en 4 . C alcu lat e W pl Av z ch o s e n W pl

Iy 1.C alcu la

1. C alcu lat e M _ E D E x te rn al B e ndin g Mo men t C alc u latio n 2 . C ho o s e s te el c las s Beam Lenght L 12 m St ee l c las s S… 45 0 Linear load on beam Q_ULS 34.4 kN/m M_ E D 6 19 . 2 3 . C alc u lat e fy d fro m t h e s t e el c las s

Linear l

Av z ch o

M=619.2 KN/m 1.C alcu lat e S hear F o r ce

Defo rm

Beam Lenght L

Beam L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

34.4

kN/m

Linear l

S hear F o r ce

2 0 6 .4

kNm

2 0 6 415 0 0 0 .0 0

Nmm

E Iy

2 . C ho o s e s t e el c las s St ee l c las s S… P art 3- B eam S tee l C he ck

45 0

Deform

3 . C alc u lat e fy d fro m t h e s t e el c las s 1. C alcu late M _ E D E x te rn al B e ndin g Mo men t C alc u lat io n fyk 450 MPa Beam Lenght L 12 m γs 1.15 Linear load on beam Q_ULS 36.4 kN/m fy d 39 1 MPa

M_ E D

6 5 5 .8

4. C alcu lat e A v z 2 . C ho o s e s t e el c las s Av z

S tee l c las s S…

5 2 75 0 5

45 0

kNm

mm2

Δ(total) 1.C alcu la

6 5 5 8 3 0 0 0 0 .0 0

528

N mm

10 ^ 2 mm2

5 . C h o o s e t h e c ro s s s ec t io n s u ch as it h as a Av z gre at er t h an t h e o ne c alc u lated

450 18 8 8 0

γs

1.15

fy d

F= 206.439KN/m 1

2 . C ho o Live loa

St eΔ(live e l c lalo s 3 . C alc u

1MPa 0 ^ 2 m m2

fyk

γsDead lo

MPa

fy dΔ(dead

Δmax=

4 . C alcu late W pl W pl

S hear F o r

Δmax=

3e .C B aa mlccuhlaotseefny d fro m t h e s t e el HcElaBs9s0 0 fyk A v z ch o s e n

Beam Le Δmax= Linear lo

4. C alcu la 16 76 0 10

mm3

16 7 6

5 . C ho o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u c h as i t h as a W pl gr eater th an th e e c alc u lKN/m ated F=o n-206.4 B eam c h o s en

HEB 90 0

W pl c ho s e n

12 5 8 0

10 ^ 3 mm3

Av z

5 . Cho o s

B eam c h 10 ^ 3 m m3

78Avz cho

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Defo rmat io n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

24.7

kN/m

210000000

KN/m2

210

10^6 KN/m2

494100

10^4 mm4

494100

10^(-8) m4

0.004941

Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI))

0.00641426

6.41425969

Δmax= L/250

4.8

Deformation (SLS)

Δ=6.41 mm

OK Live load Q1 (linar load)

2.0

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.000520427

0.52042675

Δmax= L/300

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

17.2

KN/m

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.004462659

4.46265938

Δmax= L/300

KN/m

Δ=0.52 mm

Δ=4.46 mm

Influence area Defo rmat io n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

26.1

kN/m

210000000

KN/m2

210

10^6 KN/m2

494100

10^4 mm4

494100

10^(-8) m4

0.004941

Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI))

0.006791569

6.79156909

Δmax= L/250

4.8

12m

Deformation (SLS)

OK 2.0 0.000520427

0.52042675

Δmax= L/300

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

18.1

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.004709862

4.70986209

6.5m

Live load Q1 (linar load) Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

1.5m

Δmax= L/300

KN/m

OK KN/m

Beam C

2000 0

6000 4000

10000 8000

N Units: mm

2000 0

6000 4000

10000 8000

Units:

fyk

450

γs

1.15

BEAM C

alc u latio n

fy d

P art 2 : B eam T o t al L o ad C alc u latio n ULS

In flu em nce are a wi dt h I

2 .9

L in eakrNlo ad G1 /m

3.8

B eaG2 m ch o s en Area load kN/m2

15 .2

pd l cGh2o s e n L in eakrNW lo a /m

391

fyk

4. 0 0

W pl

15 8 2 5 15

mm3

2 .a 9d: B eam s eklfNw /m De ad lo ei ght

15 8 3

D dd : BG e1am s elf w ei ght L iena ed arloloaa

2.0

Area load Q1 kN/m2

8 .0

L in eakrNlo ad Q 1 /m

H E B 9 0 0kN/m2

2.0

4.0 0

Influ em nce are a wi dt h I

2 .9

L in eakrNlo ad G1 /m

10 ^ 3 mm3

10 ^ 3 m m DL3 aa dO : FKG lo2o r Se lf w ei ght ienaed arlolo d

kN/m2

Av z

Dead l2

5 . Cho

Area load G2 kN/m2

B eam

15 . 2

L in eakrNlo ad G2 /m

Aavd zc De l1o

2.0

Area load Q1 kN/m2

LLivineelaorald o:aRdesQid 1 en t ial

8 .0

L in eakrNlo/m ad Q 1

Area load Q1

8d .0: Res iden t ialk N/m L iv e l o a

4. C alc

3.8

Area load G2

2o 5r8S0e lfkN 15a.2d: F l1o Dead lo w/em i ght

fy d

SL S

Influ e nce are a wi dt h I

5 . C ho o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u c h as i t h as a W pl gr eater th an th e o ne c alc u lat ed 3.8

γs

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

MPa SL S

4 . C alcu lat e W pl

4.0 0

MPa

L iv e lo

2 .9

L in eakrNlo ad G1 /m

2 .a 9d: B eam s eklfNw /m De ad lo ei ght

D dd : BG e1am s elf w ei ght L iena ed arloloaa

2 .9

L in eakrNlo ad G1 /m

Dead l2

15 .2

L in eakrNlo ad G2 /m

15a.2d: F lo o r Se lfkN Dead lo w/em i ght

DL ienaed aa dd : FG lo2o r Se lf w ei ght arlolo

15 . 2

L in eakrNlo ad G2 /m

De ad l1o

8d .0: Res iden t ialk N/m L iv e l o a

LLivineelaorald o:aRdesQid 1 en t ial

L iv e lo

8 .0

L in eakrNlo ad Q 1 /m

1.35

C o ef-fi ci en t fo r G 1

1. 3 5

8 .0

L in eakrNlo/m ad Q 1

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G1

1. 0 0

C o e ff-ic ie nt f o r G1

1.35

C o ef-fi ci en t fo r G 2

1. 3 5

C o e ffic ie nt f o r G2

1. 0 0

C o e ff-ic ie nt f o r G2

1.5 0

C o ef-fi ci en t fo r Q 1

1. 5 0

C o e ffic ie nt f o r Q 1

1. 0 0

C o e ff-ic ie nt f o r Q 1

3 6 .4

T O T AkLNB/Em A M L O A D Q u ls

3 6 .4

k N /m

T O T A L B E A M L O A D Q s ls

2 6 .1

T O T A Lk NB/Em A M L O A D Q s ls

P art 3- B eam S tee l C he ck 1. C alcu lat e M _ E D E x t e rn al B e ndin g Mo men t C alc u latio n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

36.4

kN/m

M_ E D

6 5 5 .8

kNm

1.C alc

Beam

Linea 6 5 5 8 3 0 0 0 0 .0 0

N mm

S hear

2 . C ho o s e s te el c las s S t ee l c las s S…

2. Ch 45 0

St ee l c

3 . C alcu lat e f y d fro m t h e s t e el c las s fyk

450

γs

1.15

fy d

391

3 . C al MPa

fyk γs

MPa

fy d

4 . C alcu lat e W pl W pl

4. C alc 16 76 0 10

mm3

16 7 6

10 ^ 3 mm3

Av z

5 . C ho o s e t h e c ro s s s ec tio n s u c h as i t h as a W pl gr eater t h an t h e o ne c alc u lat ed B eam c h o s en

HEB 90 0

W pl c ho s e n

12 5 8 0

5 . Cho

B eam 10 ^ 3 m m3

Av z c

M=655.8 KN/m

OK Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load) Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The20.0 Project Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

Δmax= L/300

1.C alcu late S hear F o r ce

KN/m

0.00044801

0.44801036

2.166666667

21.6666667

Defo rm

Beam Lenght L

Beam

Linear load on beam Q_ULS

36.4

kN/m

Linea

S h ea r F o r c e

2 18 . 6

kNm

2 18 6 10 0 0 0 .0 0

Nmm

E Iy

Defo rmat io n 2.

C ho o s e s te el c las s

Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

24.7

kN/m

210000000

St ee l c las s S…

45 0

3 . C alc u lat e fy d fro m t h e s te e494100 l c las s 0.004941

fyk

450

KN/m2

210

10^6 KN/m2

10^4 mm4

494100

10^(-8) m4

6.41425969

Defor

Δ(tota

MPa

1.15

γs

Deformation (SLS)

fy(5/384) d Δ(total)（= *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI))

39 1 0.00641426

Δmax= L/250

4.8

4. C alcu late A v z Av z

5 5 8 6O7K0

MPa

mm2

559

Δmax

10 ^ 2 mm2

Live load Q1 (linar load)

2.0 5 . C h o o s e t h e c r o s s s ec t io n s u ch as it h as a KN/m Av z gre at er t h an t h e o ne c alc u lated

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.000520427

Δmax= L/300

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

17.2

B ea m c h o s en A v z ch o s e n

HEB90 0 18 8 8 0

F= 218.6 KN/m 0.004462659

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

Δmax= L/300

0.52042675

10 ^ 2 m m2

Δmax OK

Dead

Δ(dea

KN/m m

4.46265938

Δmax

F= -218.6 KN/m

Defo rmat io n Beam Lenght L

Linear load on beam Q_SLS

26.1

kN/m

210000000

KN/m2

210

10^6 KN/m2

494100

10^4 mm4

494100

10^(-8) m4

0.004941

Δ(total)（= (5/384) *( (Q-SLS*L^4)/ EI))

0.006791569

6.79156909

Δmax= L/250

4.8

Deformation (SLS)

Δ=6.79mm

OK Live load Q1 (linar load)

2.0

Δ(live load) (= Δ(total) *(1* Q1/ total load)

0.000520427

0.52042675

Δmax= L/300

Dead load G (G1+G2) (linar load)

18.1

Δ(dead load) (= Δ(total) *(1* G/ total load)

0.004709862

4.70986209

Δmax= L/300

KN/m

Δ=0.52 mm

OK KN/m

Live lo

Δ(live

Δ=4.71 mm

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project HEB 1000*584

Dimensions :

Dimensions for detailing :

Strong axis y-y :

h : 1056 mm b : 314 mm tw : 36 mm tf : 64 mm r : 30 mm

hi : 928 mm d : 868 mm DN : M27 Pmin : 154 mm Pmax : 208 mm

Iy : 1246100* 10^4 mm4 Wel.y : 23600 * 10^3 mm3 Wpl.y : 28039 * 10^3 mm3 iy : 40.93 * 10 mm Avz : 43.5 * 10^2 mm2

Area :

Surface :

Weak axis z-z :

A : 74370 mm2

AL : 3.240 m2/m AG : 5.56 m2/t

Iz : 33430 * 10^4 mm4 Wel.z : 2130 * 10^3 mm3 Wpl.z : 3475 * 10^3 mm3 iz : 6.7 * 10 mm

Weight : G : 584 kg/m

Ss : 199.1 mm It : 7230* 10^4 mm4 Iw : 81240 * 10^9 mm6 Part 5: Pillar Steel Check

1 . O b t a i n N_ E D A x i a l f o r c e N_ E D

15499.1808

pre-selected profile

HE 1000*584

15499181

iz_min

k o ef =

15 0

74 3 . 7

cm 2

74370

mm2

2 . Ch o o s e s t e e l c l a s s 450

S t e e l cl a s s S …

3. Calculate fyd from the steel class fyk

450

γs

1.15

fy d

39 1

MPa M Pa

4. Calculate λ l=

lo =

40 0 0

λ= =

5 9 .7

5 . C a l cu l a t e

� 𝝀𝝀

𝜆𝜆� =

𝝀𝝀�

68.6 0.87

6. Calcualte cross 𝝌𝝌se = ction area A 𝝌𝝌

N_ R d

0 .6 2

18043

𝑁𝑁�� = 𝜒𝜒 𝐴𝐴 𝑓𝑓��

7. Check that capacity NRd > demand NEd N_ E d

15499.1808

c h ec k

N_ R D

18043

ratio

86%

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Ned(roof )=654.8928 KN 1 roof

Dead Load: (roof floor)4.5KN/m2 Live Load: 2 KN/m2 snow load: 0.101 KN/m2 matenance load: 1 KN/m2 Total Load (roof floor): 7.6 KN/m2 Infulence area: 12m*6.5m= 78 m2 Total Load (roof floor,with snow and maintenance load): 7.6KN/m2 * 78 m2 + 59.55 KN = 654.8928 KN

Ned=498.75 KN 29 typical floors

Dead Load: (general floor)3.8 KN/m2 , Live Load: 2 KN/m2 Total Load (general floor): 5.8 KN/m2 Infulence area: 12m*6.5m= 78 m2 Total Load (general floor): 5.8 KN/m2 * 78 m2 + 59.55 KN = 511.872 KN

Nsd=511.872 KN*29 +654.8928 KN= 15499.1808 KN

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.5.4 Midas Analysis Midas model position

MEP OFFICES

Level 29 GREEN SYSTEM

Level 28 Level 27 Level 26

CLUBS GREEN SYSTEM

CLUBS MEP LIBRARY GREEN SYSTEM

DORM

LOBBY MEP MEP

Assign Material Properties and Sections

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Add Support Boudary

Define Load Case The load that have assigned as static load cases are 1.Dead Load (Floor Dead Load) 2.Live load (According to the room function)

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Self-weight

Floor weight

Level 29

Level 28

Level 27

Level 26

Level 26 is public area Level 27-28 are offices Level 29 is for MEP

Level 26 - 29

Give each floor live load and dead load. 86

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Result Load Combination 1

Load Combination 2

Load Combination 1 = Live Load + Dead Load Load Combination 2 = 1.5 Live Load + 1.3 Dead Load Reaction verification

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR REACTION FORCE

FORCE-Z

MIN. REACTION

NODE=

MIN. REACTION

296

FZ:

NODE=

4.7635E+002

NODE=

506.0 633.0 506.0 2703.3 2403.1 2693.6 1878.1 2175.6 1476.9 2574.0 1764.9 1518.5 3457.81713.5 2720.7 1564.2 1464.9 1477.02935.9 1454.9 556.9 1377.7 2176.6 1679.5 2767.0 1882.0 679.2 1715.2 1731.9 1599.2 1510.9 1765.6 480.8 633.8 2019.2 1521.6 1379.2 496.2 2009.2 1471.4 518.3 2581.4 558.0 2894.6 1468.9 622.7 493.8 1594.8 3855.5 1637.2 676.6 1625.2 1568.3 2378.8 1672.4 1467.7 2013.8 1803.1 1445.5 2048.0 1502.3 4065.5 2752.1 2744.8 2381.3 1636.6 2049.3 2397.0 2880.4 1802.9 1623.3 2642.4 2372.7 2766.5

FZ:

494.2 628.9 476.3

6.5740E+002

MAX. REACTION

1115

NODE=

4.0655E+003

2378.0

296

FZ:

MAX. REACTION

698.5 874.3 698.0 3769.1 3348.3 3756.9 2564.6 2973.4 2019.6 3510.2 2406.9 2065.8 4723.92329.5 3793.4 2127.6 1991.3 2019.83996.5 1984.2 756.2 1871.1 2974.9 2291.3 3773.8 2570.1 927.0 2331.9 2352.5 2179.4 2059.4 2408.1 663.7 875.5 2752.6 2070.2 1873.4 684.6 2738.2 2004.4 715.2 3520.7 757.8 3947.9 1996.9 860.2 681.6 2173.3 5253.2 2233.9 923.3 2214.0 2133.5 3244.7 2281.4 1999.2 2745.1 2459.9 1971.0 2792.9 2047.3 5542.4 3753.1 3827.9 3248.3 2233.1 2794.8 3339.8 3928.2 2459.7 2211.5 3685.2 3306.6 3858.2

FZ:

1115

5.5424E+003

3314.0

CBS: LCB1 MAX : 1115 MIN : 296

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: kN DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

681.8 868.9 657.4

CBS: LCB2 MAX : 1115 MIN : 296

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: kN DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

Y:-0.612

Z: 0.500

Displacement midas Gen

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR DISPLACEMENT

RESULTANT

3.54937e-002 3.22670e-002 2.90403e-002 2.58136e-002 2.25869e-002 1.93602e-002 1.61335e-002 1.29068e-002 9.68011e-003 6.45341e-003 3.22670e-003 0.00000e+000

4.96621e-002 4.51474e-002 4.06326e-002 3.61179e-002 3.16032e-002 2.70884e-002 2.25737e-002 1.80590e-002 1.35442e-002 9.02948e-003 4.51474e-003 0.00000e+000

SCALEFACTOR= 5.5512E+001 CBS: LCB1

SCALEFACTOR= 3.9675E+001 CBS: LCB2

MAX : 631 MIN : 219

Y:-0.612

Z: 0.500

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: m DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

Deformation midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR DEFORMED SHAPE RESULTANT X-DIR= NODE=

9.308E-004 816

RESULTANT 1.304E-003 816

Y-DIR= -5.083E-004 NODE= 389

Y-DIR= -7.065E-004 NODE= 389

Z-DIR= -2.569E-002 NODE= 631

Z-DIR= -3.597E-002 NODE= 631

COMB.= NODE=

2.570E-002 631

3.598E-002 631

SCALEFACTOR= 7.667E+001

SCALEFACTOR= 5.477E+001

CBS: LCB1

CBS: LCB2

MAX : 631 MIN : 219

Y:-0.612

Z: 0.500

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: m DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

Beam stress

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR DEFORMED SHAPE X-DIR= NODE=

midas Gen

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: m DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR BEAM STRESS

COMBINED

1.06903e+005 7.45361e+004 4.21689e+004 0.00000e+000 -2.25654e+004 -5.49326e+004 -8.72998e+004 -1.19667e+005 -1.52034e+005 -1.84401e+005 -2.16768e+005 -2.49136e+005

1.49614e+005 1.04301e+005 5.89874e+004 0.00000e+000 -3.16394e+004 -7.69527e+004 -1.22266e+005 -1.67579e+005 -2.12893e+005 -2.58206e+005 -3.03520e+005 -3.48833e+005

SCALEFACTOR= 5.5512E+001 CBS: LCB1

SCALEFACTOR= 3.9675E+001 CBS: LCB2

MAX : 431 MIN : 1346

Y:-0.612

Z: 0.500

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: kN/m^2 DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

Beam shear force and bending moment midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR BEAM DIAGRAM

MOMENT-y

2.55632e+003 2.09137e+003 1.62643e+003 1.16149e+003 6.96545e+002 0.00000e+000 -2.33340e+002 -6.98283e+002 -1.16323e+003 -1.62817e+003 -2.09311e+003 -2.55805e+003

3.57956e+003 2.92852e+003 2.27747e+003 1.62643e+003 9.75390e+002 0.00000e+000 -3.26694e+002 -9.77737e+002 -1.62878e+003 -2.27982e+003 -2.93086e+003 -3.58190e+003

SCALEFACTOR= 7.6670E+001 CBS: LCB1

SCALEFACTOR= 5.4767E+001 CBS: LCB2

MAX : 1581 MIN : 1346

Y:-0.612

Z: 0.500

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: kN*m DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

midas Gen

POST-PROCESSOR BEAM DIAGRAM

FILE: FUKUOKA TALL BUILDING SEVERAL FLOORS UNIT: kN*m DATE: 11/05/2021 VIEW-DIRECTION X:-0.612

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Result ofSteel steel checking Codecode Checking Result Ratio.(Combined)

.9 85 .8 75 .7 65

Steel Code Checking Result Ratio.(Combined)

Result Ratio

0.9 0.85 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.65

2170

2128

1776

1692

1652

1612

1572

2170 1532

2128

1483

1776

1425

1692

1385

1652

1345

1612

1303

1572

1253

1532

1211

1483

1159

1425

1119

1385

1069

1345

1029

1303

989

1253

949

1211

909

1159

869

1119

826

1069

783

697

654

740

989

1029

949

909

611

826

869

568

Member No

525

783

482

740

439

611

697

396

353

313

0.1 0.05 0

568

525

482

439

396

353

313

.1 05 0

654

0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15

Ratio.(Combined)

.6 55 .5 45 .4 35 .3 25 .2 15

Result

Member No

There is no problem about the results. Each ratio is less than 1.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.5.4 Technological details and materials Detailed section

Student club 15mm bamboo flooring 65mm sand and cement screed Heating pipes and water pipes inside screed 50mm glass wool insulation 0.3mm DPM (damp proof membrane) 120mm concrete and steel deck Laminated glass window Sliding panel (wooden frame + textile)

Student dorm

Metal grid Metal joist Ceiling

Wooden flooring

Student Dorm dorm

Sound insulation Thermal insulation DPM (damp proof membrane) Concrete panel Plaster

Gravel and pebble

Lobby

Sand and cement Thermal insulation (glass wool) DPM (damp roof membrane) Concrete and steel deck

Plaster Concrete panel Plaster

Basement

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Aluminum coping Natural anodized aluminum finishing Flashing DPM (damp proof membrane) Metal flashing Metal grid (for maintenance) High reflective solar control coated

MEP

Dual - seal Thermal insulation Aluminum cover with sound insulation infill 60mm gravel 0.3mm DPM (damp proof membrane) 65mm sand and cement screed

Start-up office

Heating pipes and water pipes inside screed 50mm glass wool insulation 0.3mm DPM (damp proof membrane) 120mm concrete and steel deck

Start-up office HEB 300 (Steel beam) HEB 900 (Steel beam) HEB 300 (Steel beam) HE 1000 * 584 (Steel pillar)

Green Area

Plants & growing medium (with irrigation system) Filter membrane (stop dirt from entering drainage) Gravel drainage layer Root barrier membrane DPM (damp proof membrane) Vapour barrier Concrete and steel deck

Laminated safety glass

Student club

Stainless light steel painted white

Low-E glass Stainless light steel painted white

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Façade design To reduce sun radiation, the BIPV system is applied on the exterior envelope. According to the sunlight direction, the low-e glass and laminated glass are installed in different proportion. In the south side of tower, mostly low-e glass are installed. In the east and west sides of the tower, the low-e glass is installed based on the sunlight direction. On the north side of tower, laminated glass is installed.

Since the bottom part of the tower is dedicated to the student dorm, there is mostly laminated glass installed to ensure the daily comfort of students. The parameters of low-e glass, laminated glass and steel are shown in the tables.

Laminated glass properties General Properties

Thermal & Combustion Properties

Density

2.35e3 - 2.45e3 kg/m^3

Thermal conductor or insulator?

Poor insulator

Price

*40 - 64.6 CNY/kg

Thermal resistivity

0.9 - 1.6 m.℃/W

Material Form That Data Applies To

Thermal expansion coefficient

9.1 - 9.5 μstrain/℃

Bulk

√

Specific heat capacity

850 - 950 J/kg.℃

Sheet

√

Glass temperature

100 - 592 ℃

Maximum service temperature

63.2 - 76.9 ℃ Non-flammable

Building System Superstructure

√

Flammability

Enclosure

√

Hygro - thermal Properties

Interiors

√

Water absorption

Services

√

Water vapor permeability

0 kg.m/s.m^2.Pa

Mechanical Properties

Air permeability

0 kg.m/s.m^2.Pa

Young’s modulus

*66 - 68 GPa

Frost resistance

Very good

Shear modulus

*27 - 29 GPa

Electrical Properties

Bulk modulus

*37 - 40 GPa

Electrical conductor or insulator?

Good insulator

Poisson’s ratio

*0.22 - 0.24

Electrical resistivity

8e17 - 8e18 μohm.cm

Yield strength (elastic limit)

*33 - 38 MPa

Dielectric constant

5.6 - 6.2

Tensile strength

*33 - 38 MPa

Dissipation factor

0.027 - 0.037

Compressive strength

*370 - 410 MPa

Dielectric strength

*12 - 14 MV/m

Bending strenth

*40 - 45 MPa

Optical Properties

Elongation

*0.05 - 0.06 %strain

Transparency

Hardness - Vickers

*438 - 483 HV

Transmissivity

Optical Quality 89 %

Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles

*26.5 - 31.8 MPa

Refractive index

1.5 - 1.52

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Low-e glass properties General Properties

Thermal & Combustion Properties

Density

2.44e3 - 2.49e3 kg/m^3

Thermal conductor or insulator?

Poor insulator

Price

*9.82 - 11.6 CNY/kg

Thermal resistivity

0.77 - 1.4 m.℃/W

Material Form That Data Applies To

Thermal expansion coefficient

9.1 - 9.5 μstrain/℃

Bulk

√

Specific heat capacity

850 - 950 J/kg.℃

Sheet

√

Glass temperature

441 - 590 ℃

Building System

Maximum service temperature

150 - 260 ℃

Flammability

Non-flammable 0.1 - 0.4

Superstructure

√

Enclosure

√

Emissivity

Interiors

√

Hygro - thermal Properties

Services

√

Mechanical Properties

Water absorption

Water vapor permeability

0 kg.m/s.m^2.Pa Very good

Young’s modulus

*68 - 72 GPa

Frost resistance

Shear modulus

*28 - 29.5 GPa

Electrical Properties

Bulk modulus

*39.8 - 41.9 GPa

Electrical conductor or insulator?

Good insulator

Poisson’s ratio

*0.21 - 0.22

Electrical resistivity

8e17 - 8e18 μohm.cm

Yield strength (elastic limit)

*31 - 35 MPa

Dielectric constant

6-7

Tensile strength

*33 - 38 MPa

Dissipation factor

0.027 - 0.037

Compressive strength

*360 - 420 MPa

Dielectric strength

12 - 14 MV/m

Bending strenth

*32 - 35 MPa

Optical Properties

Elongation

*0.04 - 0.05 %strain

Transparency

Hardness - Vickers

*438 - 483 HV

Transmissivity

Transparent 75 %

Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles

*26.5 - 29.3 MPa

Refractive index

1.5 - 1.52

Steel properties General Properties

Thermal & Combustion Properties

Density

7.8e3 - 7.82e3 kg/m^3

Thermal conductor or insulator?

Good insulator

Price

*5.22 - 5.43 CNY/kg

Thermal resistivity

0.0185 - 0.0204 m.℃/W

Thermal expansion coefficient

11.5 - 13 μstrain/℃

Material Form That Data Applies To Bulk

√

Specific heat capacity

460 - 505 J/kg.℃

Sheet

√

Melting point

1.48e3 - 1.53e3 ℃

Building System

Maximum service temperature

*340 - 357 ℃

Flammability

Non-flammable

√

Emissivity

0.06 - 0.32

√

Hygro - thermal Properties

Superstructure

√

Enclosure Interiors Services

√

Mechanical Properties

Water absorption

Water vapor permeability

0 kg.m/s.m^2.Pa

Young’s modulus

200 - 220 GPa

Air permeability

0 kg.m/s.m^2.Pa

Shear modulus

79 - 84 GPa

Frost resistance

Very good

Bulk modulus

160 - 180 GPa

Electrical Properties

Poisson’s ratio

0.28 - 0.29

Electrical conductor or insulator?

Good conductor

Yield strength (elastic limit)

255 - 355 MPa

Electrical resistivity

15 - 20 μohm.cm

Optical Properties

Tensile strength

379 - 532 MPa

Compressive strength

*255- 355 MPa

Transparency

Opaque

Bending strenth

*250 - 395 MPa

Transmissivity

Elongation

25 - 45 %strain

Acoustic Properties

Hardness - Vickers

113 - 168 HV

Sound Absorption

Poor

Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles

*203 - 278 MPa

Sound isolation

Very good

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Products detailsFUKUOKA

FUKUOKA

For the low-e glass, we chose Amorphous Silicon BIPV Photovoltaic Solar Glass from Onyx JINAN FUKUOKA Solar Energy Company, Beijing. The SHANGHAI size of glass can be customized. JINAN

2000 mm

We chose this product because the company is close to Fukuoka and the product is well-behaved FUKUOKA with many layers to reduce the sun radiation.

3000*1245 mm

JINAN

FUKUOKA

FUKUOKA SHANGHAI

FUKUOKA

SHANGHAI

Glass FUKUOKA

SHANGHAI

4000 mm

KUOKA

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project JINAN

BEIJING

1242*1245 mm

2462*635 mm

1245*300 mm

Transparent Conducting Oxide

1245*635 mm

aSi p-layer

THICKNESS CONFIGURATION (mm)

SHGC

aSi i-layer

Back Contact

External Light Reflection

U value ft2

U value m2

aSi n-layer

Transparency

Peak Power

W/m K

Btu/h ft F

Wp/m2

3.2+4

34%

5.7

1.00

7.6%

20.0%

6T+3.2+6T

32%

5.2

0.92

7.3%

20.0%

6T+3.2+6T/12Air/6T

14%

2.7

0.48

7.3%

20.0%

6T+3.2+6T/12Air/6T low-e

12%

1.6

0.25

7.3%

20.0%

6T+3.2+6T/12Argon/6T low-e

12%

1.2

0.21

7.3%

20.0%

6T+3.2+6T/12Argon/4/12Argon/6T low-e

12%

1.0

0.18

7.3%

20.0%

For the laminated glass, we chose ClimaGuard Premium 2S Laminated Glass from Guardian Glass Company, Beijing. This product has a layer of air between Substrates

Clear Float/3-12 mm

2 layers of glass and the behaviour is excellent. the appearance of this is fine under different conditions.

Applications

Manufacturing Options

Recommended Coating Positions

Maximum Size

Edge Deletion

Glass Type

Glass Functions

Façades Windows Doors Curtain Walls Roofs

Tempered Laminated Heat Soaked Heat Strengthened Annealed

Surface 2

<3210 x6000mm

Required : Yes

Single Silver Coated Glass

Thermal Insulation

Visible Light

Ultraviolet

Solar Energy

Transmittance

Reflectance Outside

Reflectance Inside

Colour Rendering Index

Transmittance UV

Solar Transmittance

Reflectance Outside

81 %

15 %

97.2

54 %

69 %

13 %

thermal Besides, product weather

Fabrication Options

Colour

Must be used in Insulating Glass Units

Blue

Thermal Properties SHGC

U-Value (Winter Night)

U-Value (Summer Day)

75 %

2.572 W/m²·K

2.650 W/m²·K

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Full Daylight

Cloudy Day

Interior

Exterior

https://www.guardianglass.com/us/en/our-glass/climaguard

Clear Day Sunrise

https://www.guardianglass.com/us/en/our-glass/climaguard

Night

https://www.guardianglass.com/us/en/our-glass/climaguard

Glass: Clear Float (Middle East) Glass, 3/16" (5mm) Gap: 10% Air, 90% Argon 16.0mm Glass: Clear Float (Middle East) Glass, 3/16" (5mm) https://www.guardianglass.com/us/en/our-glass/climaguard

For the low carbon steel, we chose low carbon steel from Xiongyi Metal Products Co.,LTD, Jinan. Jinan is another Chinese city which is close to Fukuoka. This product is easily formed into flexible shapes

https://www.guardianglass.com/us/en/our-glass/climaguard

and can be used to serve as the bracing of exterior envelop. The white paint is applied on the steel basing on the consideration of Japanese traditional culture.

Specifications

Dimensions16-400mm, etcLength:200012000mm, or as required

Certification

ISO, SGS, BV, Mill Certificate

Standard

ASTM, AISI, JIS, GB, DIN, EN

Technique

Cold/Hot rolled, Cold-Drawn or Hot Forged

Black/Peeling/Polishing/Machined

Heat Treatment

Annealed; Quenched; Tempered

Surface treatment Material

A53,A283,A106-A,A179,A214-C,A192,A226,A315,A106,A178, Q195,Q235,Q275,10#,15#20#, 20GSTPG38,STS38,STB,30,STS42,STB42STB35, SS400ST33,ST37,ST35.8,ST42,ST45-8,ST52

Container size

20ft GP:5898mm(Length)x2352mm(Width)x2393mm(High) 40ft GP:12032mm(Length)x2352mm(Width)x2393mm(High) 40ft HC:12032mm(Length)x2352mm(Width)x2698mm(High)

https://www.zgxysteel.com/

From Granta Edu Pack Software

KUOKA

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

For the choice of interior materials, the bamboo flooring is the main material. We chose Solid Bamboo

material of Japanese culture. Also it is a strong symbol of the culture. Bamboo grows widely in the

Carbonized Eco-Friendly Interior Floor Covering from Yekalon Industry Inc., Shanghai. Bamboo is a traditional architectural

East Asia. We chose this product with hope to create a warm and natural feeling of indoor space.

Product Type

Solid Bamboo

Structure

Horizontal Vertical

Warranty

> 5 years

Installation Type

Glue /Nail /Staple

Thickness

10 mm - 17 mm

Surface Treatment

Natural Color

Joint

Tap * Go T*G

3R Function

Wrap Resistant

Warp/Gap/ Separation Resistant

Gap Resistant

Smart groove design

Separation Resistant

Endure the pulling force within 1200 kg

-40℃ -42℃ extreme temperature test

http://www.yekalon.com/

JINAN

For the material of bathrooms, we FUKUOKA chose FUFINI Bathroom Microcement from Fufeini Creative Technology Co. , Ltd., Shanghai. Microcement is first developed in Europe and then

http://www.yekalon.com/

spread in Asia. It consists of cement, FUKUOKA minerals SHANGHAI and waterborne resin. Microcement is waterproof. Besides, the color of cement is a popular choice of many Japanese architects.

Type

BASE01, Zero formaldehyde, VOC equal to 0

Drying Time

Bond Strength

> 1.0 MPa

Compressive Strength

> 30 MPa

Flexibility

50mm diameter without crack

Color

White/Grey

Shore Hardness After 28 Days

> 70

Anti Pan Alkalinity

No abnormality in 72 hours

4 - 8 hours

Stain Resistance

< 15%

Weathering Resistance

Appearance: No blistering, peeling or crack after 400 hours

Water & Moisture Resistance

No abnormality after soaking in water for more than 12 hours. It is very suitable for walls and floors in wet area such as bathrooms

Low Temperature Storage Stability

No abnormality

Coating Surface Hardness

>4H

Packing Specification

20 kg/bucket

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.6 BIM and innovative technology 3.6.1 Workflow structural model and to generate 2D structual drawings. After the design is determined, Solibri is involved to check if there is any clash of the .ifc model and to check if the design meet the building codes and regularities. Synchro is used to simulate the construction process and to calculate the total construction period. Active House is involved to compare 2 situations, one with BIPV system and one without. It is more sustainable with the BIPV system applied on the building. With the cooperation between different BIM softwares, the project

Several softwares are involved during the BIM workflow. The fundamental softwares is Rhino 6 and Auto Revit 2020 to model the building. Auto Revit 2020 is to build the interior of the tower and Rhino 6 is to build the exterior envelop which is difficult to build in Revit. The other softwares are used to analyze the model at different aspects. At the concept stage, Ladybug is used to analyze the physical environment surround the building and to determine the best shape of tower. Velux is to analyze the daylight inside the room and to make the comfort of users. Tekla is used to build the

construction process .rvt

technical drawings .dwg

preliminary model .skp

Synchro

Rhino6

.dxf

Solibri

c che del mo .obj

integrated model .3ds

structure

energy

.skp

Sketchup

model check .ifc

.sat

al d .dw rawin gs g

.sat

nic

interior model

AUTO Revit tec h

façade detail

initial idea .skp

AUTO Cad

is more realistic and it can serve better the local residence.

daylight analysis .skp Sketchup

Velux

co m

ple x .gh mod

el sunhour analysis .gh

Active House

Tekla

Grasshopper

Ladybug

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

LOD 100

LOD 200

Concept Design

Schematic Design

The building’s 3D model is developed to represent the information on basic level. Threreby, only conceptual model creation is possible in this stage. Parameters like area, height, volume, location and orientation are defined. The sketches are used during this stage to communicate about basic proposals. Then the use of modelling softwares will make the 2D sketches into simple 3D models to define the basic volumes.

General model where elements are modeled with approximate quantities, size, shape, location and orientation. We can also attach non-geometric information to the model elements. The use of 3D modelling softwares would define the basic spatial feeling of the design. The BIM analysis tools such as VIZ & Ladybug could be used to identify the physical environment around the site then assist the design process.

LOD 300

LOD 350

LOD 400

Detailed Design

Construction Logistics

Fabrication & Assembly

It includes model detail and element which present how building elements interface with various systems and other building elements with graphics and written definitions. The use of BIM construction process software would be helpful with the construction simulation. The different models with architectural information would be integrated together to identify the precise construction sequences and process.

Model elements are modeled as specific assemblies, with complete fabrication, assembly, and detailing information in addition to precise quantity, size, shape, location and orientation. Non-geometric information to the model elements can also be attached. The examination and check among different models of architectural information would be integrated together.

Accurate modeling and detailed drawings where elements are defined with specific assemblies, precise quantity, size, shape, location and orientation. Here too we can attach non-geometric information to the model elements. And the accurate models are required at this stage. The use of BIM modelling software such as Auto Revit and Tekla Structures could assist with the accurate models.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.6.2 Physical environment (Ladybug) Sunlight hours analysis At the conceptual design stage, Ladybug is used to simulate the physical environment around the tower. Since it is a high-rise building, the shadow which is created by the tower should be taken care with a lot of attention.

The orientation changes to reduce the shadow impact on the surrounding community. Ladybug is also used to understand the wind around the tower and the sun radiation.

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Windrose

Radiation

Wind Speed

Relative Humidity

Dry Bulb Temperature

Dew Point Temprature

100

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.6.3 Daylight analysis (Velux) Velux

used

when

designing

the interior space of a building. The indoor daylight is a key characteristic for an interior space and Velux is a tool to analyze the amount of sunlight coming through the exterior envelope.

With BIPV System

101

Without the BIPV system, the daylight inside the rooms is too much, so the BIPV system is applied on the building to reduce the sun radiation.

Without BIPV System

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project With BIPV System 9.00

12.00

16.00

21 JUNE

9.00

12.00

16.00

21 SEPTEMBER

9.00

12.00

16.00

21 DECEMBER

9.00

12.00

16.00

grid values

21 March

false color ISO contour grid values false color ISO contour

Without BIPV System 9.00

12.00

16.00

21 JUNE

9.00

12.00

16.00

21 SEPTEMBER

9.00

12.00

16.00

21 DECEMBER

9.00

12.00

16.00

grid values

21 March

false color ISO contour grid values false color ISO contour

102

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.6.4 Structure analysis (Tekla) Tekla is a tool to draw the 2D

HEB 900 and HEB 300 are chosen to be the beams of the building. The connecting nodes between

structural drawing structural .ifc model.

columns and beams modelled in Tekla.

Typical Floor Structure

Connecting Nodes

Renders

Drawing

103

from

are

easily

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.6.5 Model check (Solibri) of

building codes and regularities to check if the design has meet all the requirements. A Solibri report

design, Solibri is used to check if there is any clash. There are several

is generated to define the status of elements of the model.

After

the

modelling

stage

Solibri report Solibri Report Model Name

Student Hub in Fukuoka, Japan, 2021-07-08

Checker

10701044@polimi.it

Organization

Politecnico di MILANO

Time

2021-07-08 02:50:16 Time: 2021-07-02 11:52:23 Application: Autodesk Revit 2020 (ENU) IFC: IFC2X3

Fukuoka model

BIM Validation - Architectural Model Structure Check

Acc Rej Maj Nor Min OK

Model Hierarchy

Building Floors

Doors and Windows

Slab Thickness

Slab Area

Roof Dimensions Should Be Sensible

Roof Area

Column and Beam Dimensions Must Be Within

Wall - Wall Intersections Slab - Slab Intersections

Column Length

Unique GUID values

Clearance in Front of Doors

Amount of Site Instances

Clearance Above Suspended Ceilings

Amount of Doors or Windows in Openings

Free Area in Front of Fixed Furnishing Required Components

Defined, the Decomposed Object Itself Should Not Have Geometry Material of Decomposed Objects Should Only Be OK Openings in Complex Walls Shouls be Related to Wall, Not Parts Component Check

Component Dimensions

Wall Dimensions Should Be Sensible

Wall Height

Wall Thickness

Wall Length

Wall Opening Distances Door And Window Openings Must Have at Window Width

Window Height

Door Width

Door Height

Slab Dimensions Should Be Sensible

Door - Door Intersections

Window - Window Intersections

Stair - Stair Intersections

Suspended Ceiling - Suspended Ceiling x

Components Above Columns

x x

Railing - Railing Intersections Ramp - Ramp Intersections

Window Intersections

Beam Intersections

Stair Intersections

Railing Intersections

General Space Check

Acc Rej Maj Nor Min OK OK

Spaces Must Have Name

Spaces Must Have Number

Space Dimensions Must Be Within Sensible Bounds Spaces Must Have Doors Space Location

Comment

x x

Wall Intersections

Slab Intersections

Roof Intersections

Intersections of Furniture and Other Objects The Model Should Have Spaces

Door Intersections

Suspended Ceiling Intersections

to It

Space Properties

Column Intersections

x x

Components Below Walls

Intersections - Different Kind of Components

x x

Components Below Beams Components Above Walls Revolving Doors Must Have Swinging Door Next

Comment

Intersections

Slabs must be Guarded against Falling

x OK

Least Minimal Size

Column - Column Intersections

Components Below and Above

Components Above Beams

Beam - Beam Intersections

Components Below Columns

defined in Part Level

Roof - Roof Intersections

Unallocated Areas

x x

Deficiency Detection

Parts Should Not Have Geometry

Beam Length

Clearance in Front of Windows

Acc Rej Maj Nor Min

Intersections - Same Kind of Components

If Parts of Decomposed Object have Geometry

Intersections Between Architectural Components

x OK

Beam Profile

Floor Heights

OK OK

Column Profile

Clearance

Space Validation Spaces in Same Building Storey Must Have Same Bottom Elevation

Sensible Bounds

Comment

Door Opening Direction Definition

If Decomposed Object has Geometry Defined, Its

Space Intersections

Roof Thickness

Object Intersections

Doors/Windows and Objects

Objects and Other Components

OK OK OK

x x

Sections & Makeup

Identification of clash

104

Main calculation - New building Comfort

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

1.1 Daylight: 1.2 Thermal environment: 1.3 Indoor air quality: Classification

3.6.5 Energy performance (Active House)

Energy 2.1 Energy demand: 2.2 Energy supply: 2.3 Primary energy: Classification

Environment

Active House is used to compare the energy performance under 2 different situations. It is calculated when there is BIPV

With BIPV System

Main calculation - New building Comfort

Value 6.1 % best level ≤ 750 ppm A Value 42.0 kWh/m² 32.0 kWh/m² 0.0 kWh/m² A Value Lowest level 30 % savings Better level C

1.1 Daylight: 1.2 Thermal environment: 1.3 Indoor air quality: Classification

Energy 2.1 Energy demand: 2.2 Energy supply: 2.3 Primary energy: Classification

Environment 3.1 Environmental loads: 3.2 Freshwater: 3.3 Sustainable construction: Classification

Category 1.2 1.0 1.9

3.1 Environmental loads: 3.2 Freshwater: 3.3 Sustainable construction: Classification

Value 6.1 % best level ≤ 750 ppm A Value 42.0 kWh/m² 32.0 kWh/m² 0.0 kWh/m² A Value Lowest level 30 % savings Better level C

Category 1.2 1.0 1.9 Category 1.1 2.0 1.0 Category 3.2 2.0 3.7

system applied on the building see its behaviour. The radars Comto fort of software make it more direct Energy Maiwhen n calculacomparing. tion - New building None - New building

Value 0.0 % Out of AH category > 1200 ppm Out of AH category Value 2.1 Energy demand: 0.0 kWh/m² Comfort Value 2.2 Energy supply: 0.0 kWh/m² 1.1 Daylight: 7.0 % 2.3 Primary energy: 0.0 kWh/m² 1.2 Thermal environment: Lowest level Classification 1.3 Indoor air quality: ≤ 750 ppm Environment Value Classification B 3.1 Environmental loads: Lowest level Energy Value 3.2 Freshwater: 0 % savings 2.1 Energy demand: 42.0 kWh/m² 3.3 Sustainable construction: Lowest level 2.2 Energy supply: 32.0 kWh/m² Classification Out of AH category 2.3 Primary energy: 0.0 kWh/m² Classification A ERnavdiarronment Value 3.1 Environmental loads: 1.2 Thermal Lowest level environment 3.2 Freshwater: 30 % savings 3.3 Sustainable construction: Better level 1.3 Indoor air quality Classificatio1.1 n Daylight C 1.1 Daylight: 1.2 Thermal environment: 1.3 Indoor air quality: Classification

Category -

Category Category 1.0 3.3 1.9 Category Category 1.1 2.0 1.0 Category 3.2 2.0 3.7

None - New building Comf3.3 orSustainable t

Category 1.1 2.0 1.0

1.1 Daconstruction ylight: 1.2 Thermal environment: 1.3 Indoor air quality: Classification

Energy3.2 Freshwater

Category 3.2 2.0 3.7

consumption

2.1 Energy demand: 2.2 Energy supply: 2.3 Primary ene3.1 rgEnvironmental y: loads Classification

Environment

None - New building

Without BIPV System Comfort

Value 1.1 Daylight: 0.0 % 1.2 Thermal environment: Out of AH category 1.3 Indoor air quality: > 1200 ppm Classification Out of AH category Energy Main calculation - New builVdailuneg 2.1 Energy demand: 0.0 kWh/m² Comfort Value 2.2 Energy supply: 0.0 kWh/m² 1.1 Daylight: 7.0 % 2.3 Primary energy: 0.0 kWh/m² 1.2 Thermal environment: Lowest level Classification 1.3 Indoor air quality: ≤ 750 ppm Environment Value Classification B 3.1 Environmental loads: Lowest level Energy Value 3.2 Freshwater: 0 % savings 2.1 Energy demand: 42.0 kWh/m² 3.3 Sustainable construction: Lowest level 2.2 Energy supply: 32.0 kWh/m² Classification Out of AH category 2.3 Primary energy: 0.0 kWh/m² Classification A REanvdiarronment Value 3.1 Environmental loads: 1.2 Thermal Lowest level environment 30 % savings 3.2 Freshwater: 3.3 Sustainable construction: Better level 1.3 Indoor air quality Classificatio1.1 n Daylight C

3.1 Environmental loads: 3.2 Freshwater: 3.3 Sustainable construction: Classification

Category -

Value 2.1 Energy demand 0.0 % Out of AH category > 1200 ppm Out of AH category Value 2.2 Energy supply 0.0 kWh/m² 0.0 kWh/m² 0.2.3 0 Primary kWh/m²energy performance Value Lowest level 0 % savings Lowest level Out of AH category

CategoMain ry calculation - New building None - New building Category Category -

Radar Category Category 1.0 3.3 1.9 Category Category 1.1 2.0 1.0

1.2 Thermal environment 1.1 Daylight

3.3 Sustainable construction

1.3 Indoor air quality

2.1 Energy demand

Main calculation - New building None - New building

3.2 Freshwater consumption

Category 3.2 2.0 3.7

3.1 Environmental loads

2.2 Energy supply

2.3 Primary energy performance

None - New building Comf3.3 orSustainable t

1.1 Daconstruction ylight: 1.2 Thermal environment: 1.3 Indoor air quality: Classification

Value 2.1 Energy demand 0.0 % Out of AH category > 1200 ppm Out of AH category Value 2.2 Energy supply 0.0 kWh/m² 0.0 kWh/m² 0.2.3 0 Primary kWh/menergy ² performance Value Lowest level 0 % savings Lowest level Out of AH category

3.6.6 Construction process Energy (Synchro) 3.2 Freshwater consumption

2.1 Energy demand: 2.2 Energy supply: 2.3 Primary en3.1 ergEnvironmental y: loads Classification

Environment

Synchro is construction Radar building. period and

3.1 Environmental loads: 3.2 Freshwater: 3.3 Sustainable construction: Classification

CategMain ory calculation - New building None - New building Category -

to simulate the process of the The construction sequence of each Category -

1.2 Thermal environment

1.1 Daylight

elements software. 3.3 Sustainable construction

is The

3.2 Freshwater consumption

105

3.1 Environmental loads

1.3 Indoor air quality

defined via foundation is 2.1 Energy demand

this the

Main calculation - New building None - New building

2.2 Energy supply

2.3 Primary energy performance

first to be construct and then the underground levels. The structure of the building is constructed before the exterior envelop. The MEP system is built after the main part of building constructed. The total construction time is 200 weeks (4 years & 3 months).

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project week 1-22 foundation & basement

week 22-40 podium & 0-2 level

week 41-69 3-7 level

week 70-98 8-12 level

week 99-127 13-17 level

week 128-156 18-22 level

week 157-185 23-27 level

week 186-200 28-30 level & roof

week 201-220 enclosure & MEP

week 201-220 completion

106

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.7 Building services design

Elevators Staircases

The

design

the

building

services aimes at using the most innovative technologies while making the building the most efficient possible. The project has a central circulation core with 8 elevators and 1 emergency elevator. The core hosts also fire-proof staircases all along the height of the building. To encourage an ecological and sustainable way of living, we chose not to include a parking space in the basement of the building, also considering the

Legend: Main pedestrian access Pedestrian access to buildings Vertical circulation

107

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

expenses of excavation and the target of people that are going to use the hub.

Instead, we provided a parking for the bikes at the ground floor next to the public staircase that reaches the underground level.

The building has four technical floors: one at the top level, one at the middle height of the tower and two levels of rooms at the underground floors.

Legend: 1

Building services floor

Lobby

Student dorm

Library

Student clubs

Start-up offices

Green system

108

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.7.1 Water supply system Public main s

Fresh water tank (basement )

Pump room s

Treated water tank

Water treatment

Distribution

Drainage

Student dorm typical plan

Detail 1

A’

Legend Cold fresh water pvc rise r Hot water pvc riser Cold recycled water pvc rise

Cold fresh water steel pipelin e Hot water steel pipelin e Cold recycled water steel pipelin

109

Solar thermal collector s

Hot water tank (roof )

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Solar thermal collectors High rise pump room

Medium rise pump room

Solar collectors’ fresh water tank Hot water tank

Hot water pressure reducer valve

Recycled water tank Plumbing pump room

Main fresh water tank Water mains

110

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Legend Cold fresh water riser Hot water riser Cold recycled water riser Cold fresh water pipelin e Hot water pipelin e Cold recycled water pipelin

111

A4 A3 A2

B3 B2

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.7.2 Drainage system

Toilets

Black water drai n

Water treatment

Black water tank

Irrigratio n

Septic tan k

HVAC Sink Shower Kitchen sink

Grey water tank

Grey water drai n

Water treatment

Toilets HVAC

Student dorm typical plan

Detail 2 1 Cluster

A’

Legend Black water vertical stack Grey water vertical stac

Black water drainage pipelin

Grey water drainage pipelin

112

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Ventilation stack

Grey water tank Black water tank

113

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project DISCHARGE DISCHARGE BRANCHES BRANCHES

DISCHARGE DISCHARGE STACKS STACKS

(Cluster (Cluster 1) 1)

GreyGrey water water

DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency

QwwQww

Sink Sink

0,5 0,5

0,87 0,87

Shower Shower headhead

0,5 0,5

0,87 0,87

Kitchen Kitchen sink sink

0,5 0,5

0,87 0,87

factor factor (K) (K)

10,3910,39

DISCHARGE BRANCHES

2,60 2,60

DISCHARGE STACKS

(Cluster 1) DN DN

60 60

(Cluster 1)

Grey water

BlackBlack water water Sink ToiletToilet Shower head Kitchen DN sink DN

N. 6N. 66

Max DU

Frequency factor (K)

Qww

0,5

0,87

N. 0,5DU DU 3Max Max DU DU0,5Frequency Frequency 0,87 factor factor 6 0,5 2 2 3 12 12 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,87

0,5

(Qww*4 (Qww*4 floors) floors)

150 150

QwwQww 1,73 1,73

10,39

6,93(Qww*4 6,93 floors)

(Qww*4 (Qww*4 floors) floors)

125 125

100 100

2,60 DN

Black water

Toilet

ToiletToilet DN DN

N. 6

DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency factor factor (K) (K)

DU 2

Max DU

Discharge DN branches sections: A2 A2 A1

Toilet Toilet Toilet

Frequency Qww 0,5 0,5 factor 0,5 1,73

100

DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency Max DU Frequency Qww factor factor (K) (K)

4 2 2

2 12

Toilet

ToiletToilet

0,5

Toilet

DNUnits Units

DN DN B1

B2 UnitsB2 DN

UnitsUnits

N. 18N.

DN B2 DN

Units

B3 B3 DN

UnitsUnits

Units

DN B4 B4 B4Units Units

DN DN Units DN

B5 B5 B5

UnitsUnits UnitsDN DN

N. N.9

Black water vertical stack

60 60

Grey water vertical stac

0,5

0,5 0,5

N. 6

DU DU

Frequency Qww (K) Frequency Max Max DU factor DU Frequency 0,5factor 1,00 factor (K) (K)

0,5 0,5

Max DU

0,5 0,5 50

Frequency factor (K)

Units Units Units DN DN DN

Qww

0,5 0,5

7,5 7,5

0,5 0,5

Max DU

Frequency factor (K)

Qww

0,5

7,5

0,5

1,37

DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency

factor factor (K) (K)

0,5 0,5

Max DU

0,5

0,5 0,5

Frequency factor (K)

Qww

0,5

1,22

60 DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency factor factor (K) (K) factor (K)

N. 6

4,5

0,5

1,06 60

50 50

QwwQww 1,50 1,50 60 60

QwwQww 1,37 1,37 60 60

QwwQww 1,22 1,22 60 60

QwwQww 1,06 1,06 60 60

QwwQww

0,5 0,5

0,87 0,87

Max DU

0,5

Frequency Qww 3factor (K) 0,5 0,5 0,5

0,87 50

Grey water drainage pipelin

1,00 1,00

DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency factor factor (K) (K)

B5 B5

QwwQww

Black water drainage pipelin

Max DU

0,5

1,41

Max DU4,5 4,5 Frequency0,5 0,5 Qww 9 DU0,5 0,5

Legend

1,41 1,41

N. 0,5DU DU 9Max Max DU DU0,5Frequency Frequency 1,50 factor factor (K) (K)

DN DN

QwwQww

(Qww*4 floors)

125

100

DN DN A3

6,93

100 100

0,5 0,5 1,73

Max DU Qww N. DUDU DU Max Max DU Frequency DU Frequency Frequency factor (K) factor factor (K) (K)

1,73 1,73

factor (K)

DN DN DN A2 A3 A3

150

QwwQww

DU DU Max Max DU DU Frequency Frequency Max DU Frequency Qww factor factor (K) (K)

3 0,50,5 0,5 1,5 1,5

factor (K)

1,5

0,5

50 50

QwwQww

0,5 0,5 0,61

0,61 0,61

40 40

1 1

114

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project Detail 3

3.7.3 Hvac system

Fresh ai r IN

Exhaust ai r OU T

AHU Detail 4 Primary ai r

Fan coils

Supplied ai r

Return air

Induced ai r

Student dorm typical plan

A Legend Cold water loop Hot water loop Primary air duct Legend Return air duct

Detail 3

Fan coil (4 pipes) Cold water loop

Hot water Primary air vertical duct loop Primary Return air vertical duct air duct Return air duct Fan coil (4 pipes)

Primary air vertical duct Return air vertical duct

115

A’

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Free cooling Th a n k s to t h e d o u b l e f a c a d e system and to a controlled opening and closing technology of the external skin, in the warmest months it is possible to ventilate the rooms by simply opening the windows of the inerior skin facade.

Start-up offices typical plan

A Legend Cold water loop Hot water loop Primary air duct Return air duct Fan coil (4 pipes)

Primary air vertical duct Return air vertical duct

Detail 4

A’ 116

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Fresh air IN

Exhaust air OUT

High rise pump room

AHU

Medium rise pump room

AHU

Plumbing pump room

AHU

Grey water tank

Treated water tank Main fresh water tank Water mains

117

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

VENTILATION LOADS

STUDENT DORM Areas description

Area (m²)

Floors

Total Area (m²)

Ns (people/m²)

Total people

Bedrooms

271

1626

108

Air supply (l/s/person) Simultaineity (%)

Common areas

140

560

0,1

Shared kitchen

0,4

Laundry

120

0,1

Extraction

Cafeteria/bar

300

0,4

120

Extraction

Reception and similar

130

0,2

Extraction

Total (m³/h)

80%

3.421

80%

1.613

Extraction

5.034

Total OFFICES Areas description

Area (m²)

Floors

Total Area (m²)

Ns (people/m²)

Total people

Open space

440

880

0,12

105,6

Air supply (l/s/person) Simultaineity (%) 11

80%

Total (m³/h) 3.345

Conference room

140

280

0,6

168

80%

4.838

Leisure area

140

280

0,2

20%

363

Common areas

440

880

0,2

176

40%

2281

Gym

160

0,2

16,5

30%

570,24 11.398

Total STUDENT CLUBS Areas description

Area (m²)

Floors

Total Area (m²)

Ns (people/m²)

Total people

Classrooms

1080

10800

0,5

5400

Air supply (l/s/person) Simultaineity (%) 7

80%

Total (m³/h) 108.864 108.864

Total LIBRARY Areas description

Area (m²)

Floors

Total Area (m²)

Ns (people/m²)

Total people

Library

1072

3216

0,3

964,8

Air supply (l/s/person) Simultaineity (%) 6

60%

Total (m³/h) 12.504 12.504

Total

TOTAL Areas description

Area (m²)

Floors

Total Area (m²)

Ns (people/m²)

Total people

Student dorm

1031

7217

0,1

721,7

Air supply (l/s/person) Simultaineity (%)

Student clubs

1080

10800

0,5

5400

Library

1072

3216

0,3

964,8

Offices

1320

3960

0,12

475,2

70%

Total (m³/h)

70%

20.006

80%

108.864

60%

12.504 13173 154.546

Total

INTERNAL LOADS

(only related to the floors used as student dorm)

STUDENT DORM Areas description

Total people

Qint,S,pp (W)

Total int,S (kW)

Qint,L,pp (W)

Total int,L (kW)

Bedrooms

108

7,6

7,0

Common areas

4,2

4,5

Shared kitchen

2,1

2,2

Laundry

0,9

1,0

Cafeteria/bar

120

9,6

115

13,8

Reception and similar

2,0

2,1

Qint,S,app

Qint,L,app

Negligible

Total Equipment

26,3

30,6

Total int (W)

variable internal loads

118

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Heating and cooling loads Note: for the calculation of heating and cooling loads, the envelope surface taken into account is equal to the floors used as student dorm, considered as a unique volume (each floor has 200m2 of windows, so it has been considered a whole volume with 1000m2 of envelope on each side).

Summer cooling load calculations: Dati Generali

Note

Località

Fukuoka (JP)

Temperatura esterna progetto

°C

Escursione termica giornaliera*

ΔTe

°C

**Valore compreso fra:

Umidità assoluta esterna massima

21,2

g/kg

pareti verticali: 100 e 700 kg/mq

orizzontale sole: 50 e 400 kg/mq

orizzontale ombra: 100 e 300 kg/mq ***Valore compreso fra 150 e 730 kg/mq

Latitudine Temperatura ambiente progetto

°C

Umidità ambiente progetto

12,7

g/kg

Massa in pianta***

150

kg/mq

Portata aria esterna di rinnovo

5235,8

mc/h

*Valore compreso fra 5 e 17 °C

Dati Involucro Superfici Opache Esposizione

Finestre (Student dorm surface)

Mf,p**

F=SC Fvs

W/(mq K)

kg/mq

W/(mq K)

NORD

100

0,0

2,5

0,7

0,82

1400

EST

100

0,0

2,5

0,7

0,82

1400

OVEST

100

0,0

2,5

0,7

0,82

1400

SUD

100

0,0

2,5

0,7

0,82

1400

ORIZZONTALE OMBRA

100

Total people

Air supply (l/s/person)

Simultaineity (%)

536,4 4827,6 965,52 772,416

11 7 6 11

10% 40% 20% 30%

ORIZZONTALE SOLE

Carichi Interni Carico interno sensibile costante

Qint,s,cost

26310,0

Carico interno latente costante

Qint,l,cost

30580,0

Carichi interni totali

Ora

Costante

Variabile

Costante

Variabile

Qint,s,cost

Qint,s,var

Qint,l,cost

Qint,l,var

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

525,0

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

525,0

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

525,0

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

525,0

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

525,0

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

525,0

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

52,5

30580,0

560,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

26310,0

30580,0

Areas description

Area (m²)

Floors

Student dorm Student clubs Library Offices

1072,8 1072,8 1072,8 1072,8

5 9 3 6

VENTILATION

119

Total

Total Area (m²) Ns (people/m²) 5364 9655,2 3218,4 6436,8

0,1 0,5 0,3 0,12

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

CARICO SENSIBILE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno NORD

EST

Pareti

Trasmissione

Finestre

Trasmissione

Finestre

Irraggiamento

Pareti

Trasmissione

Finestre Finestre OVEST

SUD

Pareti

Trasmissione

0,0

-4.550,0 -2.450,0 -350,0

0,0

2.100,0 4.550,0 8.400,0 12.250,0 14.000,0 12.250,0 11.375,0 10.500,0 7.175,0

25.077,3 28.876,9 31.156,8 33.056,8 26.979,1 27.739,3 36.097,2 36.857,2 37.237,5 37.237,6 19.760,7 12.921,8 0,0

0,0

-4.550,0 -2.450,0 -350,0

0,0

2.100,0 4.550,0 8.400,0 12.250,0 14.000,0 12.250,0 11.375,0 10.500,0 7.175,0

0,0

3.850,0 1.225,0 -1.400,0 -3.325,0 -5.250,0 9.122,1 0,0

6.082,3 4.182,3 2.662,4 1.902,4 0,0

0,0

Trasmissione Trasmissione

Finestre

Irraggiamento Trasmissione

0,0

-4.550,0 -2.450,0 -350,0

2.100,0 4.550,0 8.400,0 12.250,0 14.000,0 12.250,0 11.375,0 10.500,0 7.175,0

5.670,2

7.937,1

0,0

6.803,6 7.937,1 0,0

0,0

4.165,5 0,0

3.850,0 1.225,0 -1.400,0 -3.325,0 -5.250,0

9.070,8 15.872,1 32.876,1 55.548,5 75.953,8 86.157,4 85.024,9 60.086,3 37.415,2 24.945,7 17.009,9 12.475,2 9.073,8 0,0

0,0

Trasmissione

Finestre

Irraggiamento

OR. OMBRA

Pareti

Trasmissione

0,0

OR. SOLE

Pareti

Trasmissione

0,0

-2.280,2

-1.227,8

-175,4

613,9

-701,6

Costanti

26.310,0

26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0 26.310,0

Variabili

0,0

CARICHI INTERNI

Totale

2.100,0 4.550,0 8.400,0 12.250,0 14.000,0 12.250,0 11.375,0 10.500,0 7.175,0

0,0

Finestre

INFILTRAZIONI

-4.550,0 -2.450,0 -350,0

0,0

3.850,0 1.225,0 -1.400,0 -3.325,0 -5.250,0

Irraggiamento 278.480,3 303.421,8282.643,4220.303,1157.960,3 112.241,6 91.459,5 74.833,0 62.363,5 49.892,8 37.423,2 24.952,5 16.639,9 12.481,8 8.324,8 4.166,7

Finestre

Pareti

3.850,0 1.225,0 -1.400,0 -3.325,0 -5.250,0

49.883,0 120.539,6199.509,9266.012,0 311.735,7340.832,9336.682,0311.746,7 253.562,1 174.594,1 108.093,3 78.996,1 54.057,0 37.429,4 24.958,6 16.644,8 12.486,6

364.941

0,0

1.052,4 2.280,2 4.209,6 6.139,0

0,0

2.100,0

7.016,0

0,0

6.139,0 5.700,5 5.262,0 3.595,7 1.929,4

0,0

2.100,0

210,0

474.924 545.982 563.071 554.636 562.906 580.664 568.311 510.566 425.392 325.974 237.662 162.974 112.973

MASSIMO CARICO SENSIBILE

0,0

-1.666,3 -2.631,0

0,0

74.484 47.293 30.307

580664

CARICO LATENTE (POTENZA IN W) Ora del giorno

INFILTRAZIONI

37102,0

CARICHI INTERNI

Costanti Variabili

37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0 37102,0

30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 30580,0 0,0

0,0

2240,0 2240,0 2240,0

0,0

0,0 Total people 2240,0 2240,0 2240,0

0,0

Totale

67682,0 67682,0 67682,0 67682,0 69922,0 69922,0 69922,0 67682,0 67682,0 67682,0 67682,0 69922,0 69922,0 69922,0 67682,0 67682,0 67682,0

MASSIMO CARICO LATENTE

69922

120

Design external Temperature Te

3°C

Average seasonal external temperature Tavg,e

16°C

Design internal temperature Tint,i Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Thermal dispersion by transmission

20°C

WINTER LOADS

QT = QT,ie +QT,iae + QT,ia + QTi,g WinterWinter heating load calculations: heat load calculations: QHL,i = QT,i+ QV,i +Qhu,i Thermal dispersion for transmision towards external Design external Temperature Te QT,e= ∑ [ei Ai Ui (Tint,i− Te)] + ∑ [ei LiΨ𝑖𝑖 (Tint,i − Te) +∑ [Φ ei (Tint,i – Te)] Average seasonal external temperature Tavg,e

16°C

Design internal temperature Tint,i Facade

ei (from table)

Area (m2)

U (W/m2K)

Tint

Text

1,2

1400

2,5

71400

1,1

1400

2,5

65450

1,15 3°C 1,05 16°C

1400

2,5

68425

1400

2,5

62475

ei (from table)

Area (m2)

U (W/m2K)

Tint

Text

QT,e (W)

1,2

1400

2,5

71400

1,1

1400

2,5

65450

Note:Considering thermal bridge as zero

3°C

20°C WINTER LOADS

N-E by transmission Thermal dispersion Winter heat load calculations: QHL,i = QT,i+ QV,i +Qhu,i S-E + QT,ia + QTi,g QT = QT,ie +QT,iae N-W Design external Temperature Te S-W Thermal dispersion for transmision towardsTavg,e external Average seasonal external temperature

QT,e= ∑ [ei Ai Ui (Tint,i− Te)] + ∑ [ei LiΨ𝑖𝑖 (Tint,i − Te) +∑ [Φ ei (Tint,i – Te)] Design internal temperature Tint,i

20°C

Note:Considering thermal bridge as zero

Facade Thermal dispersion by transmission N-E + QT,ia + QTi,g QT = QT,ie +QT,iae S-E

N-W Thermal dispersion for transmision towards external

1,15

1400

2,5

68425

QT,e= ∑ [ei Ai Ui (Tint,i− Te)] + ∑ [eiS-W LiΨ𝑖𝑖 (Tint,i − Te) +∑ [Φ ei (Tint,i – Te)] Roof

1,05 ei (from table)

1400 Area (m2)

2,5 U (W/m2K)

20 Tint

3 Text

62475 QT,e (W)

Opaque roof Facade

1,2 ei (from table)

1296 Area (m2)

0,4 U (W/m2K)

20 Tint

3 Text

10575 QT,e (W)

N-E

1,2

1400

2,5

S-E

1,1

1400

2,5

3 TOTAL 3

71400 278325 65450

N-W Thermal dispersion for transmission towards Unheated spaces QT,iae= ∑ [bu,i Ai Ui (Tint,i−S-W Te)] + ∑ [bu.i LiΨ𝑖𝑖 (Tint,i − Te)]

1,15

1400

2,5

68425

1,05

1400

2,5

62475

(W/m2K)

Note:Considering thermal bridge as zero

Note:Considering thermal bridge Roof as negligibe

ei (from table)

Area

Tint

Text

QT,e (W)

Opaque Roof roof

1,2 table) bu (from

1296 Area (m2)

0,4 2K) U (W/m

T20 int

T3 ext

10575 QT,e (W)

Opaque roof

0,7

1296

0,4

3 TOTAL

6169 278325

Thermal dispersion for transmission Basementtowards Unheated spaces

bu (from table)

Area (m2)

U (W/m2K)

Tint

Text

QT,e (W)

0,5table) ei (from

2592 Area (m2)

0,7 2K) U (W/m

T20 int

T3ext

15422 QT,e (W)

1,2

1296

0,4

TOTAL 3

21591 10575

Area (m2)

U (W/m2K)

Tint

1296

0,4

Text TOTAL 3

QT,e (W) 278325 6169

Tint

Text

QT,e (W)

15422

Tint

TOTAL Text

21591 QT,e (W)

6169

Tint

Text

QT,e (W)

15422

TOTAL

21591

QT,iae= ∑ [bu,i Ai Ui (Tint,i− Te)] + ∑ [bu.i LiΨ𝑖𝑖 (Tint,i − Te)] Roof Note:Considering thermal bridge Opaque roof as negligibe

Roof bu (from table) Additional heating-up power for the intermittent function of the systems Opaque roof 0,7

(m2)

𝑄𝑄hu,i = 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖 𝜑𝜑ℎ𝑢𝑢, i

Thermal dispersion for transmission towards Unheated spaces QT,iae= ∑ [bu,i Ai Ui (Tint,i− Te)] + ∑ [bu.i LiΨ𝑖𝑖 (Tint,i − Te)] Facade Basement Note:Considering N-Ethermal bridge as negligibe

S-E Roof N-W Opaque roof S-W Additional heating-up power for the intermittent function of the systems Basement Facade N-E

𝜑𝜑 (from table) bu (from table) 94 0,5 94 bu (from table) 94 0,7 94

Area (m22) Area (m ) 1400 2592 1400 Area (m2) 1400 1296 1400

Qhu.i (W) U (W/m2K) 131600 0,7 131600 U (W/m2K) 131600 0,4 131600

𝑄𝑄hu,i = 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖 𝜑𝜑ℎ𝑢𝑢, i bu (from table) Area (m2) 𝜑𝜑 (from Area (m2) 0,5table) 2592

U (W/m2K) Qhu.i 0,7(W)

1400

S-E

1400

131600

N-W Additional heating-up power for the intermittent function of the systems S-W

1400

131600

1400

Roof Facade N N-E S-E N-W Total Winter S-Wheat load

𝑄𝑄hu,i = 𝐴𝐴𝑖𝑖 𝜑𝜑ℎ𝑢𝑢, i 𝜑𝜑 (from table) Area (m2) 𝜑𝜑 (from table) Area (m2) 94 1296 94 1400 TOTAL 94 1400

131600 Qhu.i (W) Qhu.i (W) 121824 131600 648224 131600 131600 948 131600

1598727

1296 TR

121824 455

Roof

𝜑𝜑 (from table)

Area (m2)

Qhu.i (W)

1296

121824

Total heat load

Roof Heat load converted to BTU/Hr

Total BTU/Hr diviededN12000 (total capacity)

131600

1400 kW 1400

Total Summer heat load

651

𝜑𝜑 (from table) (m2BTU/hr ) Qhu.i (W) 1W =Area 3.412142 5455082

1 121

QT,e (W)

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Total capacity calculations:

TOTAL

648224 948

Total Winter heat load

Total Summer heat load

651

Total heat load

1598727

Heat load converted to BTU/Hr

1W = 3.412142 BTU/hr5455082

Total BTU/Hr divieded 12000 (total capacity)

455

Ducts sizing: Qsensible (W)

m air (kg/s)

Airflow rate (m³/s)

c p,air

T air,amb,sp

T air,in

Air speed (m/s)

Cross section (m²)

579.089

1,4

1000

365,1

0,23

Qlatent (W) 68.242 Qtotal (W) 647.331

The calculations displayed above should be intended as a theoretical trial to building services design, a first approach to the complexity behind the services of tall buildings. In the calculation of the heating and cooling loads the seven floors of dormitory have been taken as a reference, considering the volume of these levels as a unique box. With the compiled data and the needed calculations, these floors may require a AHU (air handling unit) able to supply an airflow of 5,500 m3/h and that measures around 1400x2000mm and has a height of around 1700mm.

122

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.7.4 Electrical system

Student dorm typical plan

A’ Legend Light bulb Cable connectio

Electric general panel Plug Switch Door bel l

123

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

Solar thermal collectors High rise electrical room

Solar collectors’ fresh water tank Hot water tank

Building Integrated Photovoltaics

Electrical room

Power grid

Water mains

124

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

3.7.5 Fire protection system

Student dorm typical plan

A’

Legend Sprinkle r Water vertical pipelin

125

Fukuoka Student Hub - 03. The Project

High rise pressure regulator

Medium rise pressure regulator

FPS water tank and pump room Water mains

126

Fukuoka Student Hub - 04. Conclusions

127

Fukuoka Student Hub - 45. Conclusions

04. Conclusions In Fukuoka one can probably sense borders stronger than in any other city in Japan: its inclination to openness and receptivity unveils in several fields, from food culture contamination to diffused multilinguism, confirming its essence of international city. In such area, highly motivated in terms of globalization, a neighbourhood like Seaside Momochi embodies the model of a city built for the future (as planners may have dreamt of it in the late 80’s). The fact that today we can witness this hypothetic future with the consciousness of the present, gives us a great advantage: we can easily notice things that are out of line (because they have not changed for over 30 years). In other words, being an area that was built experimentally, Seaside Momochi can be a great testing ground towards the future.

going to inhabit the city: it gives a setting to the growth of new adults and provides wide margin to knowledge development, encouraging pride in fostering culture and hope for the future. In the perspective that giving space to a vibrant and young community would promote spontaneous urban updates and identity development, we believe that Fukuoka and Seaside Momochi have the potential to feel and incorporate such dynamic movements in a perceptive way.

With this project we tried to imagine a future that lays its foundation in youth. Fukuoka Student Hub symbolizes the beating heart of a growing society that is soon 128

Fukuoka Student Hub - 05. References

05. Project References 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

129

Nexus World Complex by Isozaki Arata, Steven Holl, Oscar Tusquets, Mark Mack, Christian de Portzamparc, Osamu Ishiyama and Rem Koolhaas, Kashii, Japan (1991) Makuhari Bay New Town by Steven Holl Architects, Chiba, Japan (1996) Bato Hiroshige Museum of Art by Kengo Kuma & Associates, Tochigi, Japan (2000) Water and Cherry House by Kengo Kuma & Associates, Tokyo, Japan (2012) PC House by Kengo Kuma & Associates, East Japan (2013) Hongkou SOHO by Kengo Kuma and Associates, Shanghai, China (2016) Poly International Plaza by SOM, Beijing, China (2017) Atlassian Headquarters by SHoP Architects + BVN, Sydney, Australia (to be completed) New vivo Headquarters by NBBJ, Shenzhen, China (to be completed)

Fukuoka Student Hub - 06. Bibliography and Sitography

06. Bibliography and Sitography 01. Fukuoka International Architectural Design Competition https:// shinkenchiku.net/fukuoka/2020/en.html 02. Salvator-John A. Liotta, Matteo Belfiore, Patterns and LayeringJapanese Spatial Culture, Nature and Architecture, Gestalten, 2012. 03. Ken Yeang, Ecodesign: A Manual for Ecological Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2008. 04. Ken Yeang, Eco Skyscrapers, Images, 2007. 05. Steven Holl, Questions of Perception: Phenomenology of Architecture, William K Stout Pub, 2007. 06. Alessandro Villari, L’architettura del paesaggio in Giappone, Gangemi Editore, 2012. 07. Scott Johnson, Tall building: imagining the skyscraper, Balcony Press, 2008. 08. Mark Sarkisian, Designing tall buildings: structure as architecture, Routledge, 2012. 09. 刘松茯. 外国建筑历史图说. 中国建筑工业出版社, 2019. (Liu Songfu. Illustrated History of Foreign Architecture. China Construction Industry Press, 2019.) 10. Parker, David, and Antony Wood, The tall buildings reference book, Routledge, 2013. 11. 2014, GB50016. 建筑设计防火规范 [S]. Diss. 2018. (2014, GB50016. Code for fire protection design of buildings [S]. Diss. 2018.) 12. Ali, Mir M, and Paul J. Armstrong, Architecture of Tall Buildings: Planning and Environmental Criteria, McGraw-Hill, 1995. 13. CTBUH Height Criteria for Measuring & Defining Tall Buildings, https:// www.ctbuh.org/resource/height 14. 村教三. 高層建筑与地下街. 彰国社, 1985. (Village Education III. High-rise Buildings and Underground Streets. Zhang Guoshe, 1985.) 15. 覃. 日本高层建筑的发展趋向. 天津大学出版社, 2008. (Tan. The development trend of high-rise buildings in Japan. Tianjin University Press, 2008.) 16. 森田武. 世界の高層ビル、超高層ビル、超高層ビルの防災‧避難対策. 近 130

Fukuoka Student Hub - 06. Bibliography

代消防社, 1999. (Takeshi Morita. Disaster prevention of skyscrapers, skyscrapers, and skyscrapers in the world - Evacuation measures. Modern Fire Department, 1999.) 17. 罗小未. “外国近现代建筑史.” 中国建筑工业出版社8 (2004). (Luo Xiaowei. “History of Modern Foreign Architecture.” China Construction Industry Press 8 (2004).) 18. 单琳琳. 民族根生性视域下的日本当代建筑创作研究. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2016. (Shan Linlin. Research on Japanese contemporary architectural creation from the perspective of national roots. Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2016.)

131