傳承智慧-珠寶工具書 by 宋恒瑜

傳承智慧

-- 珠寶工具書

Inheriting Wisdom -- Jewelry Reference Book

Content

P. 3

使用說明

P. 5

星座寶石

P. 11

十二生肖寶石

How to use

Constellation

Zodiac P. 15

寶石介紹

Gem Introduction

P. 75

珠藝圖鑑

Pearl Art Illustration

使用說明

How to use 「珠藝」指的是一門穿珠設計藝術這溯自史前時代，人類就知道利用珠子作「以物易物的交易工具或當美化自己的裝飾品如果說「珠藝的歷史」，是「人類的歷史」實不誇言，美洲的印第安人以穿珠結繩來記事，曆法和辨認時辰，南美的馬雅文化以寶玉穿級的珠串玉珮作祭祀，祈福用，亞洲的草原民族：在蒙古，西藏均可看到當地人以土耳其石和珊瑚中結成的珍品要路。非洲文化的編珠藝術起源頗早，自歐人和地中海商人抵達非洲以降，旋珠藝術文化席捲整個非洲，其光彩奪目，至今仍不墜。今日，人們稱這種具有強烈民族，文化特色的珠寶為「ETHNIC JEWELRY」，而珠藝文化則是其中最重要之一環。 "The Art of Beading" specifies the art in which one uses beads to design objects of beauty. Even in ancient times, humankind already knew how to use beads jewelry. It as a currency, or just like today,, to be use as would not be wrong if we were to say that the history of beading is the history of humanity. The Native Americans used beading to record events, use as a calendar, and also to keep track of time. The Maya of South America used "strings" of jade for religious reasons and also for good luck. If you examine the Mongolians and Tibetans of Asia, you will notice that some of them use turquoise and coral to make precious decorations. Africa's beading history is so outstanding art of today. Nowadays, people call works of jewelry which have a special aura that sets them apart "Ethnic we can compare it to the beading Jewelry," and "beading" is one of these. 3

簡單易懂的分類方式本書的寶石分類以顏色為指標，每一種寶石都會搭一種顏色的外框，而每一種顏色的外框都代表不同的寶石色澤。而後面的寶石介紹也會依照顏色來排序，方便閱讀者找查與記憶寶石的外觀。右側的色塊即是對照表，紅色的色塊代表此寶石在正常情況下大多呈現紅色、紫色或粉色...以此類推。

紅色/ 紫色/粉色

綠色

黃色/橘色

藍色

白色/透明

黑色

Red/ Purple/ Pink

Green

Yellow/ Orange

Blue

White/ Transparent

Black

Simple Classification The gemstones in this book are categorized by color. Each gemstone has a frame of color, and the frame of each color represents a different gemstone color. The introduction of the gems in the back will also be sorted according to the color, which is convenient for the reader to find and remember the appearance of the gems. The color block on the right is the comparison table, and the red color block means that the gem is mostly red, purple or pink under normal conditions... and so on.

星座寶石 Constellation

火象星座 Fire

風象星座 Wind

水象星座 Water

土象星座 Earth

紫水晶

Amethyst

水瓶座

Aquarius (1/20-2/18)

綠松石

Opal

柘榴石粉晶石

Turquoise

蛋白石珍珠

Rose Quartz

Pearl

藍寶石

黑瑪瑙

Sapphire

Black Onyx

紫水晶

珊瑚

Amethyst

海水藍寶

Jade

Pisces

水晶

青金石

Lapis Lazuli

玉石

雙魚座

碧玉

Precious Coral

Aquamarine

(2/19-3/20)

孔雀石

Malachite

Garnet

水晶

Rock Crystal

Jasper

藍寶石

Sapphire

綠松石

Turquoise

鑽石

Diamond

珍珠

Pearl

黑膽石

紫水晶

Hematite

珊瑚

玉石

Amethyst Precious Coral

牡羊座 Aries

碧玉

Jasper

Jade

鑽石

Diamond

(3/21-4/19)

珊瑚

東菱石

Precious Coral

粉晶石

Rose Quartz

Taurus

(4/20-5/20)

Rock Crystal

孔雀石

蛋白石

(5/21-6/21)

Pearl

Turquoise

藍寶石

黃水晶

Sapphire

Citrine

紫水晶

碧玉瑪瑙

東菱石

玉石橄欖石

Amethyst Jasper Agate

Aquamarine

Gemini

珍珠

綠松石

Agate

海水藍寶

雙子座

Opal

Malachite

瑪瑙

金牛座

水晶

Aventurine

Aventurine Jade Peridot

黃水晶 Citrine

水晶

虎眼石

珍珠黃玉

Rock Pearl Topaz Crystal

Tiger’s-eye

碧玉

Jasper

紅寶石 Ruby

蘇膽石

Sodalite

巨蟹座

東菱石

Aventurine

Cancer

(6/22-7/22)

水晶

祖母綠

Emerald

Rock Crystal 8

珍珠

Pearl

玉石

Jade

玉石

藍寶石

綠松石橄欖石

Sapphire

Turquoise Peridot

Amethyst

(4/20-5/20)

Ruby

紅寶石

Amber

Citrine

青金石

Virgo

(4/20-5/20)

Sodalite

水晶鑽石珍珠

Pearl

綠松石

Jade Turquoise

玉石

碧玉

Jasper Rose Quartz

蛋白石

虎眼石

Tiger’s-eye

鑽石

綠松石琥珀

Aquamarine

Citrine

Diamond

Amber

海水藍寶

黃水晶

Jade

Turquoise

粉晶石

(1/20-2/18)

黃玉

Topaz

Diamond

Jasper

珊瑚

Libra

珍珠

Pearl

碧玉

蘇膽石

Precious Coral

天秤座

蛋白石

紫水晶

藍寶石

玉石

鑽石

Diamond

Rock Crystal

Amethyst

Sapphire

處女座

虎眼石

黃水晶 Tiger’s-eye

Lapis Lazuli

水晶

Rock Crystal

Opal

琥珀

紫水晶

獅子座

Malachite

Jade

Lapis Lazuli

Leo

孔雀石

青金石

Opal

璧璽

Tourmaline

瑪瑙

玉石

Agate

Jade

紫水晶

孔雀石

Amethyst

Malachite

珊瑚

Precious Coral

天蠍座 Scorpio

(10/24-11/22)

Garnet

海水藍寶

Aquamarine

紅寶石 Ruby

東菱石

瑪瑙

祖母綠

Emerald Jade

(11/22-12/21)

孔雀石

蛋白石

海水藍寶

Aquamarine

粉晶石

青金石

Rose Quartz

Lapis Lazuli

紅寶石

(12/22-1/19)

紫水晶

Opal

黑瑪瑙

Black Onyx

Turquoise

紫水晶

魔羯座

璧璽

Tourmaline

黃玉

Lapis Lazuli

綠松石

Obsidian

Amethyst

青金石

Malachite

Amethyst

Capricorn

黑膽石

Hematite

Agate

Topaz

玉石 Sagittarius

Opal

金耀石

柘榴石

Aventurine

射手座

蛋白石

蘇膽石

Ruby

玉石

Sodalite

綠松石

Jade Turquoise

黑瑪瑙

Black Onyx

黑膽石

Hematite

璧璽

Tourmaline

水晶

Rock Crystal

十二生肖寶石 Zodiac

碧璽

鼠

Tourmaline

Rat

玉

Jade

牛 Ox

虎

祖母綠

Emerald

虎眼石

Tiger’s-eye

東菱石

Aventurine

Tiger 柘榴石 Garnet

兔

Rabbit

珍珠 Pearl

粉晶石

Rose Quartz

琥珀

龍

綠松石

Amber

Turquoise

Dragon

紫水晶

蛇

Amethyst

Snake 13

青金石

Lapis Lazuli

水晶

Rock Crystal

馬

Horse

鑽石

Diamond

珊瑚

羊

Precious Coral

Goat

紅寶石

猴

Ruby

藍寶石

Sapphire

Monkey 碧玉

Jasper

雞

Rooster

紅瑪瑙 Agate

孔雀石

狗

Malachite

Dog 黑瑪瑙

Black Onyx

豬

Pig

黑膽石

Hematite 14

水晶

Rock Crystal

寶石介紹 Gem Introduction

P. 17 P. 31 P. 37 P. 49 P. 57 P. 67

瑪瑙種類：玉隨硬度：6.5~7 顏色：藍、灰色、咖啡、粉、黑、綠等產地：巴西、烏拉圭、印度、中國、馬達加斯加、墨西哥、德國、玻西瓦那、美國、台灣數千年來，瑪瑙被製成各式各樣的裝飾品；羅馬人甚愛雕琢瑪瑙。近年更有許多物品由瑪瑙製成。如飾品、髮夾、蠟燭台等。長久以來，人們把瑪瑙當作幸運石，配戴瑪瑙會更堅強勇敢、轉運解厄。數千年前瑪瑙的醫療價值已被引用，配戴瑪瑙可增強心智、組織能力、治療失眠及促進安心定神。

AGATE Group: Chalcedony Hardness: 6.5~7 Color scheme: blue, gray, brown, red, pink, black, green virtually all colors Deposit sites: Brazil, Uruguay. China, India, Madagascar, Mexico, Germany, Botswana, the United States and Taiwan For thousands of years ageats have been used to make a variety of decorative objects. The Romans valued engraved and cameo agates. More recently accessories, hair pins and candlesticks have been made from agate. For centuries, agate has been known as a lucky gemstone. People wore agate to make them strong and bold, and help avert violent storms and danger. The medicinal value of agates has been touted for thousands of years. Agate possessed some wonderful virtues and was thought to give the wearer a bold heart, relief from insomnia, and pleasant dreams. Blending and binding of energies for strength and protection. Organizational qualities, very simplistic causing a stabilizing effect.

紫水晶種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：淺至深紫、淺紅紫產地：巴西、烏拉圭、馬達加斯加、印度、美國、南非、日本、斯里蘭卡、蘇俄、伊朗、納米比亞、墨西哥紫水晶的色澤由淺到深。是種具有魔力的寶石，可對抗黑暗，打開心扉，佩戴它可洞悉您的直覺、情感及價值觀，也可解酒、治療身體病痛、防毒、驅避瘟疫。紫水晶向來是王公貴族的珍寶，他們相信紫水晶有超能力。紫水晶是士兵的護身符，配戴它可戰勝敵人、保佑獵者、控制邪念、增長智慧、成為商場上的常勝軍。 19

AMETHYST

Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: light to dark violet, reddish purple Deposit sites: Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar India and the United States, South Africa, Japan, Sri Lanka, Russia, Iran, Namibia, and Mexico Amethyst can range in color from lavender to purple to royal violet. Considered a powerful gemstone to safeguard against black magic, the major spiritual property of the amethyst is to open up the spiritual or psychic center of the mind. Wear an amethyst if you want to get in touch with your intuition, your feelings or your values, also can against drunkenness, considered a sure- fire cure for headaches, toothaches and gout, and protection from poisoning and the plague. Amethyst has been a favorite with monarchs and royalty throughout history. Believed to possess many supernatural powers. Amethyst was thought to safe guard soldiers, ensure victory, aid hunters, protect against contagious diseases, control evil thoughts, quicken the intelligence, and make its owner shrewd in business.

深海貴重珊瑚種類：有機寶石硬度：3.5〜4 顏色：白、粉紅、桃紅至深紅、黑、黃金色產地：地中海沿岸國家、法國、西班牙、突尼西亞、摩洛哥、希臘、阿爾及利亞、義大利、台灣、日本、夏威夷、澳洲、香港、菲律賓、印尼、越南和中國等地又稱「深海寶石」，以神話傳說及為人創造機運聞名。希臘人認為，珊瑚對於治療疾病有相當的功效，希臘水手亦相信佩帶紅或白色珊瑚可助其航行平穩順利，且可激發智慧。珊瑚更是佛教七珍八寶之一，象徵平安幸運。數世紀以來，貴重珊瑚被列為珍貴寶石，同時也是護身符。自古以來，珊瑚即因具神奇療效而得到世人的珍藏。珊瑚有助平衡身心，鬆弛精神，具安神之效。 21

PRECIOUS CORAL Group: Organic gem Hardness: 3.5~4 Color scheme: white, pinkish, peach to dark red, salmon-red, ox-blood red, black and golden colors Deposit sites: Mediterranean, France, Spain, Tunisia, Morocco, Greece, Algeria, Italy, Taiwan, Japan, Hawaii, Australia, Hong Kong, The Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, and China Precious Coral, the "gem treasure of the Sea" has long been known for its legendary beauty and blessings of good fortune. Greek sailors also believed that anyone who wore red or white coral could quiet storms and safely cross broad rivers, and bestow wisdom on its owner. This gem has been favored since ancient times for its reputed healing powers. It is believed to balance the body, relax the emotions and mind, and promote a strong and stable personality.

柘榴石種類：柘榴石硬度：6.5〜7.5 顏色：紅、棕紅、暗紅產地：澳洲、美國（亞力桑那州）、巴西、馬達加斯加、南非、印度、斯里蘭卡、格陵蘭、肯亞、巴基斯坦、坦尚尼亞柘榴石（拉丁文“Granatus”意指如種子般）一寫作石榴石，形如水晶，顏色如石榴子。西元前即為世人所熟悉，在各宗教及民族間廣為流傳。它象徵忠誠、真理、成功及廣受歡迎。古時柘榴石與其它寶石統稱為紅石（Carbuncle），希臘人認為柘榴石可保護孩童免除海難及溺水。埃及，希臘及中國人都將它當作寶石。由於它的取得較易、具變通性及耐久性，柘榴石證實具絕佳的價值，為擁有者帶來新生的喜悅。 23

GARNET Groups: Garnet Hardness: 6.5~ 7.5 Color scheme: red, reddish brown, dark red. Deposit sites: Australia, Kenya, Brazil, Madagascar, India, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Greenland, U.S.A., Pakistan, Tanzania The garnet (Latin, "Granatus," seedlike) is usually found as crystals the shape and color of pomegranate seeds. Believed to be the possessor of many spiritual and curative powers, it is regarded as the gem of faith, truth, loyalty, success and popularity. In ancient times, the garnet along with other gems was called "carbuncle" and was thought by the Greeks to protect children from shipwreck and drowning. The Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese, and Romans all created garnet jewelry.

碧玉/紅磚石種類：玉髓硬度：6.5~7 顏色：棕到黃棕及各種顏色產地：蘇格蘭、俄羅斯、埃及、非洲、法國、德國、義大利、美國、印度碧玉，又稱紅磚石，名源自希臘文意指“帶斑點之石”，它是種多樣化的玉石，屬石英類，以不同的色澤呈現如：紅、棕、藍、黃、綠、混合色及條紋色彩。灰色碧玉石有時被稱為角石，而帶斑點的則稱為牛眼碧玉石。古人認為碧玉可用來祈雨，避邪，及防毒蟲咬;今日，各式各樣的碧玉皆被用來作飾品，但中世紀時，衹有完美的碧玉，才會被雕琢作珠寶佩帶。古人佩帶它用來防治感染性疾病，如發燒、浮腫、羊癲癇、毒蛇咬傷及頭痛。 25

JASPER Group: Chalcedony Hardness: 6.5~7 Color scheme: Brown to yellowish brown, virtually all colors Deposit sites: India, Russia, Egypt, Africa, France, Germany, U.S.A., Italy, and Scotland Jasper gets its name from the Greek word meaning "spotted stone." Jasper is a variety of chalcedony located in the quartz group. Jasper comes in many colors uncluding red, brown, yellow, green, blue, multi-colored, and striped. The grey jasper is sometimes called hornstone, and the spotted variety is called bullseye jasper. Different varieties of jasper are today used as ornamental stones, but during the Middle Ages, fine stones were cut as gems and worn in jewelry. The ancients wore jasper as amulets against a variety of inflections including fever, dropsy, epilepsy, snakebites, and headaches.

粉晶石種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：淺至深粉紅產地：巴西、馬達加斯加、南非、美國玫瑰石英，亦稱粉晶石，是石英家族中顏色最絢麗、最受歡迎的寶石之一。古希臘及羅馬人用它做為美容聖品，相信可以防止皺紋產生，使肌膚光亮美麗；它亦是強調自我價值的寶石，如果你對身材不滿意，配戴粉晶石可使你更有自信。粉晶石因其似玫瑰粉紅的色彩而得名。粉晶石有助愛情的滋長，並有助於內心平及鎮定安神。 27

ROSE QUARTZ Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: Light to dark pink Deposit sites: Brazil, Madagascar, South Africa and U.S.A Rose quartz, also known as pink quartz, is one the most popular varieties of the quartz family.Because of its self-enhancement quality, a piece of rose quartz can be especially good if you have a weight problem since it should greatly foster your personal self-acceptance. Rose quartz has the ability to give and receive love, the power of relaxation, inner peace and tranquillity.

紅寶石種類：剛玉硬度：9 顏色：橘紅至淺紫紅、棕紅產地：泰國、緬甸、高棉柬埔寨、斯里蘭卡、肯亞、阿富汗、印度、巴基斯坦、坦桑尼亞紅寶石(拉丁文Rubeus：紅色)，通常被當作飾品或護身符，是尊貴的象徵，長久以來，由於它珍貴稀有具神奇之美，被譽為「寶石之王」。歷史記載，它是利益之源，文學中亦用做隱喻。在印度，梵文紅寶石"Ratnanavaka"即"貴重寶石之神"之意。1574年，法國寶石學家Jean de la Taillc認為紅寶石可增強記憶力、帶來喜悅。 29

RUBY Group: Corundum Hardness: 9 Color scheme: Orange red to purplish red, brownish red Deposit sites: Thailand, Burma, Kampuchea, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Tanzania Rubies (Latin, "Rubeus,"red) were often crafted into charms and talismans, and were highly prized by royalty. Throughout history, because of its rarity and mystical beauty, the ruby was aptly called the "king of stones". Throughout recorded history the ruby has been a source of interest and literary metaphor. In India the Sanskrit word for ruby is " Ratnanavaka " or " Lord of the Precious Stones."In 1574, Jean de la Taille, a French lapidary said the ruby strengthens memory and brings joy.

琥珀種類：有機寶石硬度：2~2.5 顏色：淺黃至深棕、橘紅、白有時淺綠或淡藍產地：波瀾、俄羅斯、西西里、緬甸、加拿大、美國、中國、波羅的海沿岸、德國、多明尼加琥珀約五千年前由松樹樹脂形成有機石化寶石。之所以珍貴是因樹脂內有昆蟲及樹葉的內含物。琥珀一般作為次品配戴，具保健功效，特別對頭痛、牙痛及病菌感染有特別療效。古代醫者認為琥珀幾乎可治百病，經摩擦據說更有舒緩安神的療效。琥珀源自阿拉伯文"Anbar"，指"鯨魚油"。傳說琥珀是海鳥的眼淚。 31

AMBER

Group: Organic Gem Hardness: 2~2.5 Color scheme: light yellow to dark brown; orange red, white, occasionally greenish or blusish Deposit sites: Poland, USSR, Sicily, Burma, the Dominican Republic, Canada, and the United States. China, Baltic coast, and Germany Amber is the hardened, fossilized resin or sap of ancient pine trees formed about 50 million years ago. It is highly valued for its inclusions of insects, leaves and organic debris trapped within the sap during formation. When worn on the body, amber is believed to protect health, especially as a symptomatic relief for headaches, toothaches, infections, and respiratory discomforts. Ancient medicine men believed that amber healed just about everything, except love. Amber's soothing effects are said to be enhanced by rubbing the stone. Its name is derived from the Arabic 'Anbar' meaning ambergris. One early theory of the origin of amber says it was the tears of a sea bird.

黃水晶種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：淺黃至金棕色產地：西班牙、巴西、馬達加斯加、南非、法國、印度、玻利維亞黃水晶常被誤認為黃玉，黃玉比黃水晶硬度更高，可用來刮劃黃水晶。淡黃色的黃水晶最為稀少，色澤如陽光般閃亮，通常被製成耳環、墜飾、項鍊或飾品。黃水晶亦被稱為"煙水晶"因產自蘇格蘭Cairngorm山，棕色及霧黃色主要產自此區。蘇格蘭將士配戴黃水晶做護身符及毛料袍子的別針。倘若有戰士捐軀沙場，極富價值的黃水晶珠寶可用來抵喪葬費。 33

CITRINE

Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: light yellow to golden brown Deposit sites: Spain, Brazil, Madagascar, South Africa, France, India,Uranus, and Bolivia Citrine is often incorrectly called Topaz. Topaz is much harder than citrine and will, therefore, scratch citrine. These pale yellow stones are the rarest and most difficult to find. Citrine is like bright sunlight shimmering and shining through a ring, pendant,necklace or ornament. Citrine is sometimes called cairngorm for the Cairngorm mountains in Scotland. A brown or smoky yellow variety to citrine comes from that area. Scotish warriors wore pins made of cairngorm which served both as an amulet and a clasp to hold their heavy wool robes in place. If they were slain in battle, the jewel, which was at that time highly valued, served as payment for the owner's burial.

虎眼石種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：棕黃、棕至紅棕產地：西非、巴西、斯里蘭卡、南非、印度、西澳洲、美國虎眼石呈金、黃、黃褐色等色澤。常被用來作為美女浮雕、戒面、和雕刻品。它名字的由來是因從某個角度切割其外觀看起來像貓眼。如把兩個貓眼石戒面放一起展現貓睛光，就好像一雙會轉動的眼睛。石英內的礦石纖維因光線反射而微微發出金黃色的亮光。因此特性而使虎眼石用來激勵人心，有助增進決斷力及創造力。 35

TIGER'S-EYE Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: Brownish yellow to brown to reddish brown Deposit sites: West Africa, Brazil, Sri Lanka, South Africa, India, West Australia, and U.S.A. Tiger's-eye is a highly decorative stone, tiger's-eye is very popular in the form of cameos, cabochons, and intaglios. Its name is derived from the "cat's eye" appearance which occurs when the stone is cut at a certain angle.Historically, tiger's-eye is used as a mind stimulate. A combination of earth and sun which would be practical decision making and creativity.

東菱石種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：淺到深綠、灰、黃至棕產地：巴西、俄羅斯、中國、印度、澳洲、法國、美國東菱石是種很特別的半透明綠色寶石，十七世紀在意大利被發現的。在東南亞廣受歡迎，被製成項鍊，戒面，雕刻品，或被切割成片，因其外觀似玉。東菱石被稱為幸運石。當你需要應徵，面試，甚至第一次約會時，戴著它，可帶來機會及好運。它亦是創造和諧及安祥的石英石。東菱石也是八月的誕生石之一。

AVENTURINE Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: light to dark green gray, yellow to brown Deposit sites: Brazil, Russia, China, India, Australi France and the United States This unusual translucent green stone discovered "by chance" (Italian "a Ventura") in 17th Century Italy, is very popular in Southeast Asia for necklaces, cabochons or carved pieces because of its similarity to Jade. Aventurine is believed to increase one's luck and opportunities. Try wearing aventurine when you need a little something extra in your favor, such as a game of chance, a job interview or even a first date! It is also the quartz of harmony, promoting eternal joy and peace. Aventurine is one of the birthstones of August.

祖母綠種類：綠柱石硬度：7.5〜8 顏色：透明、淺綠到深綠及強藍綠色產地：哥倫比亞、巴西、羅德西亞、南非、桑比亞、阿富汗、印度、巴基斯坦、澳洲美國、俄羅斯聯邦、坦桑尼亞、辛巴威祖母綠屬稀有的綠柱石;最純的祖母綠呈透明色。祖母綠以深綠色聞名是因內含水晶、氣泡、裂痕。而它的名字花園 Jardin（西班牙文）卻美化其暇庛，強化其渾然天成的特質。因祖母綠材質較軟，一種獨特的切割方式，即以它的名字稱之，通常需經特殊的步驟切割，以防破壞此寶石之完整性。 39

EMERALD Group: Beryl Hardness: 7.5~8 Color scheme: Transparent, light to very dark green to very strongly bluish green Deposit sites: Colombia, Brazil, Rhodesia, South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania,India, Pakistan, Australia, U.S.A. Russia, Afghanistan, and Zimbabwe The source of such passionate pursuit, the emerald, is a rare variety of beryl which, when in its pure state, is colorless. The deep green color for which emeralds are so famous comes from traces their inclusions (foreign crystals, liquid or gas bubbles, or cracks imprisoned within the stone). Jardin or garden in the name give these inclusions which are not considered faults. Rather, they signify the stone's genuine character.

玉石種類 : 硬玉/軟玉硬度：6~6.5~7 顏色：淺到深綠、綠白、黃、灰、黑產地：中國、緬甸、日本、巴西、墨西哥、西藏、新疆、美國、瓜地馬拉、加拿大、臺灣、俄羅斯、澳洲因重量，硬度，及色澤而有所不同，玉一般可分為硬玉及軟玉兩種。現今以中國玉最受世人歡迎，玉名源自西班牙文 “piedra de hijada”即“石之子”，中美洲的印地安人用它來雕刻稱它為綠石。因其美麗的色澤，玉被喻為“天堂之石”，數千年來中國人一直視它為珍寶，相信它可穩定情緒、沉靜心靈。對中國人而言，玉是生命的象徵，它具有趨吉避凶的力量，亦代表純淨，玉與中國幾乎是同義詞。它光滑清涼的觸感，讓人感到它的神奇力量。 41

JADE Group: Jadeite/ Nephrite jade Hardness: 6、6.5~7 Color scheme: light to dark green, greenish white, yellowish, gray, black Deposit sites: China, Burma, Japan, Brazil, Mexico, Tibet, U.S.A. Guatemala, Canada,Taiwan, Russia, and Australia The name jade includes two distinct minerals, nephrite and jadeite, which are differing from one another in weight, hardness, and color range. Jade, originally named from the Spanish.“piedra de hijada”meaning“hip stone, ”used to describe the green stone carved by Indians in Central America. Jade, "jewel of heaven" was treasured for thousands of years by the Chinese for its spiritual and physical beauty. It brings peace, calm and stabilizing effects on the body, courage, clarity and tranquility of the mind.

孔雀石種類：孔雀石硬度：3.5-4 顏色：綠至深綠產地：澳洲、智利、歐洲、那米比亞、羅馬尼亞、南非、美國、俄羅斯、辛巴威、薩伊、羅德西亞、埃及、烏拉、法國、英國孔雀石是種不透明的寶石，色澤呈深綠帶灰綠，形似眼睛且表面有條紋狀。歷史上記載，人們相信孔雀石有保護的作用，並可增強想像力，激發個人的潛力。中世紀時，人們認為孔雀石可治療嘔吐、為小孩驅巫避險，並可避"邪惡之眼"。

MALACHITE Group: Copper ore mineral Hardness: 3.5 ~4 Color scheme: green to dark green Deposit sites: Australia, Chile, Europe, Namibia, Romania, South Africa, U.S.A. Russia, Zimbabwe, Zaire, Rhodesia, Egypt, Urals, France, and England Malachite is an opaque, soft, rich green stone with lighter green, eye-shaped forms or bands on its surface design. Historically, malachite were believed to be potent stones of protection, enhance visionary abilities and stimulate just about every type of personal power. During the Middle Ages, it was thought to cure vomiting and protect against witiches and other dangers to small children, and was worn to ward off the "evil eye".

橄欖石種類：橄欖石硬度：6.5~7 顏色：綠、橄欖綠、黃綠至棕綠產地：美國、澳洲、巴西、緬甸、中國、埃及、肯亞、墨西哥、挪威、義大利、德國、南非、斯里蘭卡橄欖石亦稱為「太陽之石」，人們相信他有揮去黑暗、去除邪靈，帶來喜樂的神力。因其色澤如橄欖，所以稱之為橄欖石。很多人相信，橄欖石可以去除內心對黑暗的恐懼及罪惡感，如果你感到恐懼或失意時，橄欖石可改變你的情緒。 45

PERIDOT Group: Olivine Hardness: 6.5-7 Color scheme: green, olive green, yellowish green to brownish green Deposit sites: U.S.A., Australia, Brazil, Burma, China, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Norway, Italy, Germany, South Africa, and Sri Lanka Known as the "gem of the sun," this stone was believed to have the power to ward off darkness and evil spirits and assure marital happiness. Peridot is believed by many people to prevent personal darkness from your fears and guilts, so if you become fearful or depressed, a peridot could help you change your attitude.

綠松石/土耳其玉硬度：5〜6 顏色：淺至中藍，綠藍至綠產地：澳洲、美國、智利、中國、墨西哥、伊朗、阿富汗、南非、坦桑尼亞、以色列十三世紀法文"Piere Turquois"意指土耳其石，因其由土耳其傳到歐洲而得名。許多印地安人以土耳其石顏色的變化可用來預測災難。土耳其玉由至愛的人互贈，可釋放保護能量、亦可帶來喜悅及好運。居住美國西南部的印地安人部落將它設計創作成具特色的珠寶，一百多年前，原住民就開始製作以土耳其玉及銀器的珠寶，南瓜花項鍊（Squashblossom）即是代表作。印地安人的宗教儀式砂畫中畫著上帝配戴土耳其玉。 47

TURQUOISE Hardness: 5~6 Color scheme: Light to medium blue, greenish blue to green, often mottled, and may show dark splotches or veins of matrix Deposit sites: Australia, U.S.A., Chile, China Mexico, Iran, Afghanistan, South Africa, Tanzania, and Israel Turquoise is a 13th century French word "Piere Turquois" meaning Turkish stone, a reference to the fact that the stone arrived in Europe via Turkey. Many ancient Native American civilizations believed the turquoise's ability to change color could be used to discover if a natural disaster was approaching. Over a hundred years ago those native people began to create turquoise and silver jewelry, the "squashblossom" necklace being the best known.

海水藍寶種類：綠柱石硬度：7.5~8 顏色：藍、藍綠到淺藍產地：澳洲、巴西；緬甸、馬達加斯加；印度；愛爾蘭、肯亞、斯里蘭卡、美國、尚比亞、俄羅斯、奈及利亞海水藍寶石源自拉丁文"水"及"海"，形容其顏色如熱帶海水般清澈湛藍，古埃及、希臘、羅馬人崇尚它神奇的力量，海水藍寶石廣為水手及旅行者配戴，用以趨吉避凶。十九世紀時期，海水藍寶石是占卜未來的工具，古埃及、希臘、羅馬人崇尚它神奇的力量，也用它來製成鏡片。

AQUAMARINE

Group: Beryl Hardness: 7.5~8 Color scheme: blue, bluish green to light blue Deposit sites: Australia, Brazil, Burma, Madagascar, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and the United States, Zambia, Russia, and Nigeria Aquamarine gets its name from the Latin words describing its color, 'aqua' and 'mare,' suggesting the clear bluish-green waters of a tropical sea. Highly prized by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans for its strong spiritual powers, aquamarine was worn by sailors and travelers for protection and to ensure a safe journey. During the 17th century, aquamarine was used as a tool for divining the future, and the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans believed in its spiritual power. Aquamarine was once used long ago to make lenses for spectacles.

青金石種類：青金石硬度：5-6 顏色：藍至深藍產地：阿富汗、智利、俄羅斯、西伯利亞寶藍色是青金石的代表色，六千多年前，人們就用它來作佩飾。古埃及人視青金石與黃金為同等級的寶物。中世紀時，人們將它磨成粉作為繪畫的顏料。青金石名源自希臘文及阿拉伯文混合字意指"寶石"。青金石具有醫療的神力，可激發通靈者的能力、增進智慧、真理及"愛"的力量。佩帶它將有助於激發內在的洞察力及判斷力。 51

LAPIS LAZULI Group: Lapis Lazuli Hardness: 5-6 Color scheme: blue to dark blue Deposit sites: Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, Siberia A rich deep royal blue is the trademark of lapis. In ancient Egypt, lapis lazuli was so precious that it was valued on a level equal to gold. In medieval times lapis was ground up and used as pigment to make paints. For its spiritual and healing powers, lapis has been valuedas a stimulator of psychic abilities and associated with power, wisdom, truthfulness and most important, love. You can also wear lapis to aid you to stimulate your inner vision, and enhance your good judgement.

藍寶石種類：剛玉硬度：9 顏色：極淺至極深紫藍、藍綠產地：泰國、緬甸、高棉柬埔寨、斯里蘭卡、肯亞、澳洲、印度、巴基斯坦、坦桑尼亞、美國高品質的藍寶石是非常珍貴罕見的。十三世紀，義大利探險家馬可波羅自錫蘭(今斯里蘭卡)引進藍寶石，它用藍寶石作為遠征各國的貢品。數百年來，人們認為配戴藍寶石可治癒眼疾並可作為護身符。英國學者Robert Burton曾說：「藍寶石集眾寶石之天藍色為一體，具有防治黑死病、釋放心靈及修正行為之效。」 53

SAPPHIRE Group: Corundum Hardness: 9 Color scheme: Very light to very dark violetish blue to greenish blue Deposit sites: Thailand, Burma, Kampuchea, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Australia, India, Pakistan, Tanzania, and U.S.A Large high quality sapphires are rare and prized. During the thirteen century the Italian explorer Marco Polo was supplied with sapphires from Ceylon, now Sri Lanka. Hundreds of years sapphires have been worn to treat diseases of the eyes and as good luck talismans. Robert Burton who says, "It is the fairest of all precious stones of the sky color, and a great enemy to black choler, frees the minds, and mends manners".

蘇膽石/方鈉石種類：方鈉石硬度：5〜6 顏色：深藍至紫藍、常帶白紋、少灰、淡綠、白或粉產地：巴西、印度、加拿大、那米比亞、非洲、美國方納石是帶有藍色紋路閃著白色光的寶石。此藍黑色的礦石，外表與青金石相似，因其成份含有高度的納。在古代玻利維亞地地卡卡湖地區的原住民，常拿方納石作做首手飾，即使時至今日，它仍然被當作為藝術裝飾品。它亦常被佛伯姬，美戴茜及卡地爾等名牌的珠寶飾品所採用。 55

SODALITE Group: Felsparoid/ Sodalite Hardness: 5~6 Color scheme: Dark blue to violetish blue, often with white veining; rarely gray greenish, yellowish, white, or pink Deposit sites: Brazil, India, Canada, Namibia Africa, and U.S.A Shades of blue marbled with flashes and bursts of white calcite identify this gemstone as sodalite. Sodalite is a dark blue mineral which closely resembles lapis lazuli in appearance. It is name for its high sodium content. The ancient inhabitants of the area around Lake Titicaca in Bolivia fashioned beads of sodalite, and it is still used for that purpose today as well as in the manufacture of ornamental art objects. Over the course of history it has been used extensively for fine art pieces and jewelry by such name as Faberge, Medici and Cartier.

天然水晶種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：極淺至極深紫藍、藍綠產地：巴西、馬達加斯加、南非、美國、日本、德國、中國天然水晶名源自希臘文「Kryosm」即「冰凍」之意。天然水晶是世界上最迷人，也是最廣為人知的寶石之一。數世紀前，人們一直以為天然水晶是水結成冰，而形成永不溶化的寶石。天然水晶凝聚天地靈氣，具有醫療、轉換、鎮定、保護及激勵等作用，亦可用來製造鏡片，時鐘機心及收音機電晶體。它既美麗且堅韌耐用。天然水晶被稱為「力量之石」，可用來定神、醫療，甚至預測未來之用。 57

ROCK CRYSTAL Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: transparent to opaque white Deposit sites: Brazil, Madagascar, South Africa, U.S.A. Japan, German, China and worldwide The word "crystal" is derived from the Greek word kryosm meaning "icy cold." For centuries it was thought that rock crystal was ice that had frozen so hard it would never thaw. Rock crystal is a receiver, amplifier, conductor and generator of energy. Used for medication, transformation, stability, knowledge, protection, healing and enlightenment. Quartz crystals are called "Stones of power," and can supposedly be used for maintaining or focusing mental energy, healing, and even bringing prosperity.

鑽石種類：鑽石硬度：10 顏色：透明、近無色至彩色產地：巴西、南非、非洲、俄羅斯、印度、澳洲、英屬幾內亞、中國、那米比亞、獅子山國、薩伊鑽石之所以稀少有許多原因，包括它的獨具特色，故倍受世代君王重視擁有它，數千年來，幾個著名的鑽石話題不斷，它亦是浪漫及權術的代名詞。羅馬人喜歡佩帶未經切割的鑽石，因崇尚其堅軔的特性，且相信它能用來切割鐵；古中國用它來切割玉器及作為穿引珍珠的工具。 59

DIAMOND Group: Diamond Hardness: 10 Color scheme: transparent, colorless to fancy colors, yellowish, bluish, gray or black Deposit sites: Brazil, South Africa, Al India, Australia, British Guiana, China, Namibia, Sierra Leone, and Zaire Diamonds are unusual for a variety of reasons including their unique status as the most valuable and sought after of all precious stones. Such is the popularity and power of diamonds that financial empires have been founded upon the wealth provided by them. Romans wore uncut diamonds because of their respect for the stone's hardness, believed to be able to break iron. The ancient Chinese also valued diamonds for their hardness, using them to make jade cutting and pearl drilling tools.

蛋白石種類：石英硬度：5〜6.5 顏色：各種本體色，乳白或淺藍泛上彩虹色度產地：澳洲、巴西、墨西哥、坦桑尼亞、波蘭、美國、捷克斯拉夫、瓜地馬拉、宏都拉斯、日本和印尼蛋白石以其發出如乳白色玻璃般的光亮而得名(拉丁文 “Upules”梵文“Upala”意指珍貴的寶石，希臘文“Op llios”，意指遊彩)。因其彩虹般的色澤，被喻為最美麗、最受喜愛的寶石之一。象徵著忠誠、愛情與希望。因其易碎及怕酸性腐蝕的特性，蛋白石需以棉花善加保存收藏。 61

OPAL Group: Quartz Hardness: 5 ď˝&#x17E;6.5 Color scheme: Virtually any bodycolor. Milky white to yellowish white with rainbow colored tints Deposit sites: Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Tanzania, Poland, U.S.A. Czechoslovakia, Honduras, Japan and Indonesia Known for its opalescence, the opal (Latin "Upules," Sanskrit "Upala," precious stone, Greek "Op llios," change of color) with its sparkling rainbow-like colors is a most beautiful and desirable gemstone, symbolizing loyalty, love and hope. Sensitive to knocks, pressure, acids, and alkalines, the opal is best treated gently and stored in moist cotton.

珍珠種類：有機寶石硬度：2.5〜4 顏色：各種本體色，通常多白、乳白、灰至黑色產地：日本、中國、南洋、澳洲、緬甸、庫克群島、大溪地、菲律賓、中美洲和美國珍珠象徵富貴，尊容，權力，勇氣及純真，也是純潔的象徵。它美麗的外觀古今皆宜。珍珠又稱「寶石之后」，屬有機寶石，是天然寶石。尼祿時期，羅馬婦女們的床都鑲著珍珠。在西元前珍珠即象徵聖母瑪麗亞。英國皇后伊莉莎白一世也是珍珠的愛好者。珍珠亦被作為藥用，在文藝復興時期曾將珍珠磨成粉與檸檬汁混合製成藥膏。十七世紀時，則認為將珍珠壓碎製成的解毒劑可治百病。亞洲人認為珍珠可治療發燒，消化不良，出血及眼疾。 63

PEARL Group: Organic gems Hardness: 2.5~4 Color scheme: Virtually any bodycolor. Milky white to yellowish white with rainbow colored tints Deposit sites: Japan, China, South Seas Australia, Burma, Cook Islands, Tahiti, the Philippines, Central America and U.S.A A symbol of wealth, prestige, power, courage and purity, pearl jewelry in classic or contemporary styles flatters the complexion and lifts the spirit. Pearls are an organic gem, we might as well call it the Queen-gem. Pearls have also been used as medicine. During the Renaissance made a medicinal paste of powdered pearls and lemon juice, and in the 17th century believed crushed pearls as an antidote to cure many illness. Asian cultures thought pearls cured fever, bleeding, and eye ailments.

拓帕石/黃玉種類：拓帕石硬度：8 顏色：深藍至紫藍、常帶白紋、少灰、淡綠、白或粉產地：巴西、奈及利亞、緬甸、墨西哥、那米比亞、巴基斯坦、日本、斯里蘭卡、歐洲、俄羅斯、澳洲、美國黃玉或拓帕石是相當重且堅硬的礦石，其硬度僅次於鑽石、剛玉及金綠玉。因其光澤和硬度，使黃玉成為完美的寶石。即使遇酸亦不易侵蝕，摩擦時會產生靜電可吸起小片紙張。黃玉呈現：無色、黃色、紅褐色、藍色、粉紅色及綠色等不同的色彩。希臘人相信配戴它可獲得愛情及平安。 65

TOPAZ Group: Topaz Hardness: 8 Color scheme: Colorless, yellow, orange, brown, pink to red to purple-red, light to dark blue, light green Deposit sites: Brazil, Nigeria, Burma, Mexico, Namibia, Pakistan, Japan, Sri Lanka, Europe, Russia, Australia, U.S.A Topaz is a comparatively heavy and hard mineral, surpassed in hardness only by diamond, corundum, and chrysoberyl. Because of its hardness and luster topaz makes an excellent jewelry stone. It is impervious to acid, and when rubbed, becomes electrified and capable of attracting small scraps of paper. Topaz comes in a variety of colors: colorless, yellow, reddish brown, blue, pink, and green. The Greeks believed topaz would make its wearer beloved and safe.

黑瑪瑙種類：石英硬度：7 顏色：黑、灰黑產地：巴西、馬達加斯加、西南非、印度、烏拉圭黑瑪瑙名源自希臘文“ONYX”，意指石紋。如同瑪瑙一樣，是種多樣化的玉隨，屬水晶石英石的一種。就如其他玉髓，通常帶白色或彩色條紋。今日，黑瑪瑙常被雕刻成珠寶，尤其是美女像浮雕或裝飾品。黑瑪瑙精巧細緻，與珍珠或鑽石搭配相得益彰。

BLACK ONYX Group: Quartz Hardness: 7 Color scheme: black, grayish black Deposit sites: Brazil, Madagascar, Southwest Africa, India, and Uruguay The name comes from the Greek onyx, meaning nail, claw, or veined gem. Along with agate, onyx is a variety of chalcedony, a group of crystalline quartzes. As are other chalcedonies, onyx is usually marked with white or colored bands. Today, black onyx is often carved into jewelry especially cameos and other ornamental objects. Black onyx is subtle and sophisticated on its own and the perfect setting to highlight the stunning effect of pearls or diamonds.

黑膽石/赤鐵礦種類：赤鐵礦硬度：5.5〜6.5 顏色：灰黑、暗灰至黑產地：紐西蘭、德國、瑞典、美國、澳洲、巴西、西班牙、烏拉、英國、瑞士、阿拉斯加和、加拿大、挪威黑膽石或赤鐵礦原意“血石”，是力量之石。士兵們常把它與”戰神“聯想在一起，認為在戰場上可護佑他們。它較為廣為人知的名字是阿拉斯加人稱它為”黑鑽石“。黑膽石名源自希臘文”“haimatites”，即血石之意，因其經切割後呈血紅色。長久以來，黑膽石被作為止血的護身符。因其光亮的表面，在古時亦被用來當鏡子用。黑膽石有助於增加警誡、增強活力、促進成功、亦可帶來心靈好運。 69

HEMATITE Group: Iron/Kidney ore Hardness: 5.5~ 6.5 Color scheme: Grayish black, dark gray to black. Deposit sites: New Zealand, Germany, Sweden, U.S.A., Australia, Brazil, Spain, Norway, Urals. England, Canada Switzerland, Alaska Hematite means "Blood Stone" was considered a powerful talisman. Soldiers associated it with Mars, God of war, and believed it to protect them in battle. It is even more commonly called "Black Diamond" thanks to our friends from Alaska. The name hematite comes from the Greek "haimatites" meaning blood (stone), because when cut the coolant is colored red. Because of its surface, it was also used as a mirror in ancient times.

金曜石/黑曜石種類：黑曜岩硬度：5~5.5 顏色：棕至棕黃、灰至黑、橘或紅、少綠、藍、紫產地：歐洲、美國、日本、澳洲及世界各地因其鋒利的切面，金曜石向來被用於切割的工具。在古墨西哥，金耀石被用來製箭、削箭頭、小刀及武器。以羅馬神話中神的名字命名（Obsius意指發現者之石），金曜石依其內含物質不同而呈現不同的色彩。它屬黑曜岩，成份與玻璃相近，但色澤及穿透性不同。它亦是最常見的寶石之一，以不同的色彩呈現，如：灰、棕、金、銀、綠、黃、紅，或藍色。最受歡迎的金曜石是雪花金曜石亦稱雪花石，產自美國猷他州，是黑底帶灰白色雪花般的寶石。 71

OBSIDIAN Group: Natural Glass/ Obsidianite Hardness: 5~5.5 Color scheme: Brown to brownish yellow, gray to black, orange, or red, rarely green, blue, purple Deposit sites: Europe, U.S.A., Japan, Australia and worldwide Historically, obsidian was used as a tool because of its sharp edges. The stone's color varies according to the foreign inclusions found in its composition. Obsidian is a volcanic glass similar in composition to ordinary glass and differing only in transparency and color. Although obsidian occurs in a variety of colors, black obsidian is most common. A particularly popular variety of obsidian, snowflake or flowering obsidian, is contains gray to white inclusions which appear to be spattered snow flakes against a black background.

碧璽/電氣石種類：碧璽硬度：7~7.5 顏色：黑、綠、淡黃棕至深棕、藍、粉、透明（不只一種色域）產地：巴西、阿富汗、緬甸、肯亞、馬達加斯加、莫桑比克、巴基斯坦、坦桑尼亞、俄羅斯、斯里蘭卡、印度、美國碧璽即是電氣石，當我們快速摩擦電氣石可產生電力。透明的電氣石產生的電力最大。十七世紀早期，電氣石才被當寶石，在那之前，它尚未被定位，多和其它寶石混淆。近年來，電氣石運用在各工業中，特别是光學上。二次大戰期間，電氣石被用來測量自動爆破的壓力。 73

TOURMALINE Group: Tourmaline Hardness: 7-7.5 Color scheme: Black, green, yellowish brown to dark brown, blue, pink, transparent Deposit sites: Brazil, Afghanistan, Burma, Kenya, India, Madagascar, Mozambique, Pakistan, Tanzania, Russia, Sri Lanka, U.S.A When rubbed tourmaline quickly develops a relatively large charge of electricity. Transparent tourmaline acquires the greatest charge. In recent years tourmaline has been used for a number of industrial applications, especially the optical industry. During World War II the mineral was used to measure the pressure created by an atomic explosion.

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