Fluency and Guided Repeated Oral Reading
tiveness of guided oral reading in this study. Interrater Agreement. Interrater agreement was calculated using the first 3 reading trials (one independent, one modeled, and one reread passage). Comparison of the 3 trials amounted to 20% of the data samples. Agreement was checked by an independent person with no prior knowledge of research. The rater was given a pencil, an Android Clock Stopwatch Timer, the digital voice recording, an unmarked copy of chapters 1-3 from The Awesome Aquarium Mystery, and the operational definition of a word read correctly. Subsequently, the rater listened to the recorded readings to determine where each session began and ended in the one minute allotted time period. Next, the rater counted and recorded the total amount of words in each session. The rater then listened to the sample again and marked out words read incorrectly according to terms stated in the operational definition. Finally, the rater subtracted the number of words in each section by the number of words read incorrectly in each section, which equaled the rater’s total number of words read correctly for the condition of independent, modeled, and reread passage. Alberto and Troutman (2009) state that interrater agreement or reliability can be found by “dividing the smaller number of recorded instances by the larger number of recorded instances” (p. 89). Therefore, the interrater agreement was calculated by comparing the instructor’s number of words read correctly and the rater’s number of words read correctly. The larger was divided into the smaller sum of words read correctly for each of the 3 samples then multiplied by 100 to result in an interrater agreement percentage. Overall, interrater agreement was found to be 96%, resulting in a high degree of reliability for fluency data collected. Results As visually demonstrated in Figure 1, the participant had the most words read correctly per minute during the reread phase with an average of 117 words read per minute. The next most effective treatment was
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