Hinkel|| Teaching Academic Esl Writing: Practical Techniques

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10 Backgrounding Discourse and Information: Subordinate Clauses

OVERVIEW

• Adverbial clauses of: • Time • Condition • Contrast/concession • Cause • Adjective clauses and adjective participle phrases • Noun clauses and reporting verbs Similar to coordinating conjunctions (such as and, but, and or) that conjoin two or more simple sentences into more complex compound constructions, subordinate clauses can conjoin two or more simple sentences into much more complex sentence units. For example, two simple sentences can be conjoined by various means and turned into a number of compound (see chap. 3) or complex sentences: Facial expressions are the most obvious emotional indicators. Some emotions are easier to express facially than others.

These two sentences can be conjoined by various means: 1. (a) Facial expressions are the most obvious emotional indicators, and/but some emotions are easier to express facially than others, (b) Some emotions are easier to express facially than others, and facial expressions are the most obvious emotional indicators.

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