along it.When it is an ox with a large swinging belly, the wall is lower, if asses are threshing, the wall can also be higher. On smaller gumno the animal was led by hand, but on larger ones, there were also guide bars to which the animals were harnessed. Circular gumnos can still be seen on Krk and in Greece; and in the land of trulli, in Puglia, in the south of Italy, the 'aia' is in general an integral part of any 'masserie'.
ponazarja vzletne piste (Carnac, Bretanija) z radarskimi sistemi (včasih je bil izjemno priljubljen von Daeniken, ki je vznemirjal s povsem logičnimi zaključki, ki so temeljili na podobnosti), drugod označuje najdaljši ali najkrajši dan v letu, ki ga potem ljudje praznujejo. Okrogle oblike Stonehenga na primer še danes ne razumemo, zato ga razlagajo kot delo nezemljanov, kot računalnik in kot koledar. Verjetno gre za svetišče z vsemi naštetimi elementi. Carnac na zahodu Francije, v Bretaniji, je prav posejan z menhirji, ki niso posebej oblikovani, pač pa stojijo v vrstah, lokih, krogih. Njihov namen ni pojasnjen, so pa oblike nedvomno kontrolirane in načrtovane. Pravokotniki na primer kažejo najkrajši in najdaljši dan v letu. To zagotovo ni naključje. Pri nas imamo le en sam menhir, ki sega v zgodovino. Za razliko od predzgodovinskih na Korziki ali v Franciji, je naš precej mlajši. Ker stoji sam, po definiciji ne predstavlja arhitekture, le njen detajl, kar mu seveda ne manjša pomembnosti. Perda fitta (Tamuli, Sardinija), 'trdno stoječ kamen' v stari sardinščini (varianti katalonščine), je menhir, nekaj manjši od človeka, zaobljene ovalne oblike z dvema izboklinama zgoraj. Izgledajo kot oči, posebej ob vegasto postavljenih perdas prav nagajivo pogledujejo v svet. A so vsi črni od otipavanja rok (kar po izročilu menda prinaša srečo, zagotovo pa lep občutek), in govori se o drugi razlagi, da namreč pomenijo ženske dojke. Le kdo bo otipaval oči?
Stone as a monument First a key finding: stone architecture can be a monument: vernacular architecture is certainly not this, however much non-professionals fervently claim this. Menhir This is stone but still not architecture. It simply means: a large stone. It can be simple, unworked rock, it can have an abstract pattern or can represent a specific image. When one is set on its own, it is not yet interesting. Lines, geometric figures, are more important. When in rows, it directs, transmits or attracts. In some places, it illustrates a runway (Carnac, Britttany) with radar systems (at one time von Daeniken was extremely popular, who caused excitement with entirely logical conclusions based on similarities), elsewhere it marks the longest or shortest day in the year, which people then celebrate. The circular shape of Stonehenge, for example, is still not understood: so it has been explained as the work of aliens, as a computer or as a calander. It was probably a holy site with all the enumerated elements. Carnac in western France, in Brittany, is sprinkled with menhirs that are not particularly shaped but stand in lines, arcs or circles. Their purpose is not clear although the shape is undoubtedly controlled and planned. Rectangles, for example, indicate the shortest and longest days in the year: this is certainly not coincidence. There is only one menhir in Slovenia that goes back into history. In contrast to prehistoric ones in Corsica or in France, ours is considerably younger. Because it stands alone, by definition it is not architecture, only a detail, which of course does not lessen its importance. Perda fitta (Tamuli, Sardinia), 'firmly standing stone' in old Sardinian (a variant of Catalonian) is a menhir, slightly smaller than a man, of rounded, oval shape, with two bulges above. They look like eyes, especially with unevenly positioned perdas, puckishly watching the world. And they are all black from being touched by hands (which by tradition is supposed to bring luck, and certainly a nice feeling) and suggests another interpretation, that they signify a woman's breasts. Who wants to touch eyes? This menhir is shaped abstractly, which testifies to a high culture that had developed there at the start of the first millennium BC. In this case abstraction means a capacity to think about content and not just about shape or appearance. It means understanding the essence and expressing the content – the shape is thus only a means for this expression.
Slika 17 / Figure 17 Perdas fittas, v kraju Tamuli na Sardiniji. Perdas fittas, in Tamuli in Sardinia.
Ta menhir je oblikovan abstraktno, kar priča o visoki kulturi, ki je bila tam razvita v začetku prvega tisočletja pred štetjem. V tem primeru pomeni abstraktnost sposobnost razmišljanja o vsebini in ne le o obliki ali videzu. Pomeni razumevati bistvo in izražati vsebino. Oblika pa je pri tem le še sredstvo za to izražanje. Sartene na Korziki, Francija, je kraj, v okolici katerega je množica predzgodovinskih spomenikov, predvsem menhirjev, nekaj tudi dolmenov. Menhirji so oblikovani z realnimi glavami, kjer ločimo
ARHITEKTURA SLOVENIJE, KRAŠKI SVET
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ARCHITECTURE OF SLOVENIA, THE KARST