9 Vincent Rabiola
The Baroque Orchestra • The Baroque orchestra was formed and the core group of instruments were members of the violin family. A keyboard instrument was added for the continuo and woodwinds and brass instruments were sometimes added, but were not standard. ▫ The famous orchestra controlled by King Louis XIV in the late 17th century was called The Twenty Four Violins of the King (6 violins, 12 violas, 6 cellos). Today this would be called a string orchestra.
• The concerto (orchestra and a soloist) and concerto grosso (orchestra and a small group of soloists) become important orchestral genres. ▫ Listen: Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, for flute, violin, harpsichord, and orchestra (before 1721) by Johann Sebastin Bach.
• The use of movements within one work are seen. The movements help extend a composition. Typical late Baroque concertos have three movements. The first movement is in a fast tempo, the second is a contrast of the first (quieter and slower), and the third is usually faster than the first.