The Vietnam War as China’s Watershed [17] Nikita Khrushchev, The Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, Volume 3: Statesman, 1953-1964 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007), 502. [18] Lalaj, Ostermann, and Gage, 228. [19] Ibid. [20] King Chen, 1030. [21] Ibid, 1034. [22] Vogel, 271. [23] William O. Staudenmaier, “Vietnam, Mao, and Clausewitz,” Parameters VII (1977): 1; and Lien-Hang Nguyen, Hanoi’s War (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 119. [24] Hanoi’s War, 119. [25] Mark Lawrence, The Vietnam War: A Concise International History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 142. [26] Directorate of Intelligence, “The 1965 Sino-Soviet-Vietnamese Controversy over Soviet Military Aid to North Vietnam” (Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1965), ii. [27] Directorate of Intelligence, “The Sino-Soviet Dispute on Aid to North Vietnam (1965-1968) - Summary Version,” (Washington D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1968), 16. [28] Directorate of Intelligence, “The 1965 Sino-Soviet-Vietnamese Controversy over Soviet Military Aid to North Vietnam,” iii. [29] Directorate of Intelligence, “Anomalies in Soviet Shipping to North Vietnam During the First Half of 1969,” (Washington D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1969), 2. [30] Directorate of Intelligence, “The 1965 Sino-Soviet-Vietnamese Controversy over Soviet Military Aid to North Vietnam,” iii. [31] Ibid, 8. [32] Ibid, 2. [33] Ibid, ii. [34] Directorate of Intelligence, “The Sino-Soviet Dispute on Aid to North Vietnam (1965-1968) - Summary Version,” 13. [35] Ibid, “Memorandum to Recipients.” [36] Directorate of Intelligence, “The Sino-Soviet Dispute on Aid to North Vietnam (1965-1968) - Detailed Version,” (Washington D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, 1968), 7. [37] Ibid, 8. [38] Ibid, 11. [39] Ibid, 27. [40] Directorate of Intelligence, “The Sino-Soviet Dispute on Aid to North Vietnam (1965-1968) - Summary Version,” 5. [41] Directorate of Intelligence, “The Sino-Soviet Dispute on Aid to
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North Vietnam (1965-1968) - Detailed Version,” 38. [42] Ibid, 37-39. [43] Ibid. [44] Ibid, 38. [45] Ibid, 39. [46] Ibid, 55. The CIA suggests, “In both 1967 and 1968 Mao could have acted sooner than he did to enable the PLA to enforce the removal of Red Guard factional obstruction of the rail line.” [47] Directorate of Intelligence, “The Sino-Soviet Dispute on Aid to North Vietnam (1965-1968) - Summary Version,” 12. [48] “Conversation Between President Nixon and his Assistant for National Security Affairs,” Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976 Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, Document 192. [49] “Memorandum From John H. Holdridge of National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger),” Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976 Volume XVII, China, 1969-1972, Document 38. [50] “Nixon Conversation 002-052,” Richard M. Nixon Presidential Recordings, Miller Center, http://millercenter.org/presidentialrecordings/ rmn-002-052. [51] “Message From the Government of the United States to the Government of the People’s Republic of China,” Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976 Volume XVII, China, 1969–1972, Document 186. [52] Han Suyin, Eldest Son: Zhou Enlai and the Making of Modern China, 1898 - 1976 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1994), 382. [53] “Memorandum of Conversation,” Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976 Volume XVII, China, 1969-1972, Document 194. [54] Nguyen, Hanoi’s War, 226. [55] Directorate of Intelligence, “Communist Military and Economic Aid to North Vietnam, 1970-1974” (Washington D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency, Date Classified), 4. [56] Han Suyin, Eldest Son, 376. [57] Ibid. [58] Ibid, 377. [59] Wang, Dong, “U.S.-China Trade: 1971-2012: Insights into the U.S.China Relationship,” The Asia-Pacific Journal 11 (2013): 1-8. [60] Robert D. Hormats, “Forty Years After the Nixon Visit: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in U.S.-China Economic Relations,” (Speech, New York City, March 6, 2012), http://www.state.gov/e/rls/ rmk/2012/182523.htm. [61] William Tompson, The Soviet Union Under Brezhnev (London: Pearson, 2003), 75.