Agriculture censuses tell story

Chris Hardie, Columnist

I have completed my quinquennial agricultural legal reporting duties with a week to spare.

My 2022 Census of Agriculture – with a deadline of Feb. 6 – is in the books, a mandatory reporting requirement for farmers conducted every five years through the United States Department of Agriculture. The census has been conducted since 1840.

Enter two major changes that dramatically altered the farming landscape – tractors and electricity. In 1920 there were about 9,000 tractors in Wisconsin. By 1950 there were more than 127,000. That same year the number of horses on farms had dropped to 93,422 and there were 2,257 mules. In 25 years 500,000 horses were replaced by 118,000 tractors.

In 1930, 46,565 farms reported having electricity. Thanks to strong rural electrification efforts – our farm was put on the grid in the late 1940s – that number increased to 156,392 in 1950. With electricity came milking machines and bulk coolers.

The combination of tractor power and electrical power meant farms got larger and were able to support more animals. It meant the disappearance of many small, family farms but allowed existing farms to become much more productive with less manual labor.

The 2017 census showed Wisconsin had 64,793 farms with an average size of 221 acres.

The 2022 census required a response from farm operations of all sizes which produced and sold – or normally would have sold – $1,000 or more of agriculture products in 2022.

many households shared in the net farm income of this operation.

What’s farm income?

The results of the 2022 Census will not be released until 2024, but a review of prior censuses tells a story about the changes in farming over the past 100 years.

When my great-grandfather Raymond Hardie filled out the 1925 census, Wisconsin had 193,155 farms with an average size of 113.1 acres. That year there were 604,270 horses and colts on Wisconsin farms as well as 6,396 mules. There were more than 3 million cattle and 1.9 million dairy cows.

There were 3.5 million cattle and 1.28 million dairy cows. The number of dairy cows has actually declined by 600,000 since 1925, but the average production per cow – according to the USDA – was 6,000 pounds in 1930 to more than 22,000 pounds in 2015.

The 1.95 million dairy cows in 1925 would have produced 11.4 billion pounds of milk, compared to the 28.2 billion pounds produced by the 1.28 million cows in 2017.

“Normally would have” is what got me. My timing was a tad off, as I gave our laying chickens to a local Amish farmer in 2021. Had I anticipated that eggs would become as valuable as gold, I may have held on to a few hens.

Questions include how many acres I own, how many I rent, what percentages are in crops and in pasture, descriptions and numbers of animals, sales and amount of time spent farming.

I was thrown for a loop when asked how

WisPolitics — Fate of old UW two-year colleges debated as Richland Center reels

By WisPolitics.com

When the University of Wisconsin's twoyear colleges were absorbed by regional UW schools in bigger communities, critics worried about the state of higher education in small-town Wisconsin.

Some of those worries seem to be playing out in the western Wisconsin community of Richland Center, which is pushing back against the UW System's decision to end in-person instruction at UW-Platteville Richland. Some are arguing the two-year campus was undermined.

The Richland Center campus’ enrollment was at just 51 full-time equivalent students this fall. UW System President Jay Rothman directed UW-Platteville’s interim chancellor to begin planning the switch to online instruction in November. The system currently has a 75-year lease on the campus building through 2042 with a total cost of $75.

But Richland County Board Vice-Chair Shaun Murphy-Lopez told WisPolitics. com it has been “a struggle” to have direct communication with UW System decisionmakers, encouraging conversation with UW-Platteville employees rather than directly with the UW System.

“I think they’ve wanted to put UWPlatteville staff between us,” he said in a story seen by subscribers on Jan. 27.

He said although he doesn’t speak for the entire board, he cites a dismissiveness of their concerns that he thinks UWPlatteville Richland students felt when they met with Rothman in December to plead their case.

But he said lines of communication are starting to open up. The local community on the evening of Jan. 26 held an informational session and town hall on the decision with UW System Vice President for University Relations Jeff Buhrandt as Rothman’s representative as well as Sen. Howard Marklein, R-Spring Green, and Rep. Tony Kurtz, R-Wonewoc. Gov. Tony Evers was also invited, but was not in attendance.

Kurtz at the meeting said there is a misconception in the community that he and Marklein have been absent on the issue. He said the lawmakers tried to get answers about the Richland Center campus’ viability ahead of the decision to end in-person instruction. He also said although he and Marklein are both on the Joint Finance Committee, that doesn’t mean they can convince their colleagues to fund the campus to keep it up and running.

“I’m being brutally honest with you that I could probably persuade a few. But I know it would be a fruitless effort because we would lose,” Kurtz said. Meanwhile, Marklein, co-chair of the Joint Finance Committee, said he was “as shocked as anybody” by Rothman’s decision.

“To have this campus survive in any meaningful way, it’s going to take some action on the Board of Regents and system,” Marklein said.

Buhrandt said the meeting marked “the beginning of the process” for the UW System.

“We’re going to start having conversations with county leadership about what this process looks like and what our presence in this community continues to be,” Buhrandt said.

The meeting came after the local community submitted a petition with nearly 1,500 signatures calling for the discussion. The petition argues the regionalization of the former UWColleges in 2018 “slowly dismantled” the Richland campus through a lack of financial support, reducing faculty and staff, and eliminating positions for the dean and international coordinators, among other things.

The Richland County Board also unanimously passed a resolution with a number of requests, including:

For the UW System to bring back a fulltime recruiter to the campus; $4 million for the 2023-2024 academic year to maintain the campus; and For the county to work with the UW System to establish a minimum level of student enrollment to keep the campus running and establish annual targets to return to that level of enrollment.

The resolution also states that UWPlatteville did not “faithfully” carry out recruitment efforts for the Richland campus.

The number of full-time equivalent fall enrollments at the campus has decreased since 2012, when the campus had 567 students, except for an increase of two students in 2017 and 19 students in 2018. The campus had 224 full-time equivalent enrollments in 2018 compared to 51 this year.

UW System spokesperson Mark Pitsch told WisPolitics.com the UW System will continue to follow the process Rothman outlined in a letter sent to Richland County Board Chair Marty Brewer. Rothman in the Jan. 17 letter said the decision to convert the UW-Platteville Richland campus was “difficult,” but said he saw no other alternative considering declining enrollment.

“UW-Platteville is planning an ongoing online presence focused on reskilling and upskilling adult learners and degree completion,” Pitsch said. “We are engaging Richland County on use of the campus facilities as noted in the plan.”

Pitsch also told WisPolitics.com that UWPlatteville had engaged in recruitment efforts for the campus, including campus visits, college fairs and “flyers, billboards, posters, etc.”

The UW System has released a draft plan for the transition, which allows UWPlatteville Richland students to continue their education at the university’s main campus, the Baraboo Sauk County campus, or online at the Richland Center campus tuition rate for up to 40 credits once the campus ends in-person instruction in July. The plan also seeks to engage in discussions with the Richland County Board and local leaders about the transition.

Darlo Wentz, who retired last March

I also paused for a moment when asked: “Is this person retired from farming or ranching?”

It was a yes or no question, but there should be an option for “he should be if he had any common sense.” as executive secretary of the Richland County Campus Foundation, said he believes the UW-Platteville Richland campus lost some of its power when it became a branch campus of UWPlatteville in 2018. The foundation helps raise funds for campus needs that aren’t met by the state or county budget.

There was also no option to explain the purpose of Steve the goat, who is not really a meat goat or a dairy goat, but simply exists for amusement purposes. But he got counted, along with his companion Peter, our lone Scottish Highland cow and two donkeys.

Their value – immeasurable.

“We struggled to some degree at that point,” Wentz said.

Wentz noted the campus shared a dean with UW-Platteville Baraboo Sauk County and UW-Whitewater Rock County. He said that meant the dean was only on campus maybe once or twice a week due to the additional responsibilities.

“That was not good. I felt we just didn’t have the decision or the ability to do what we wanted to do,” Wentz said.

Wentz said the Richland campus was given a shared recruiter with UWPlatteville and Baraboo Sauk County instead of its own recruiter. He said when the Richland County Campus Foundation offered to cover the costs of a recruiter for the Richland Campus, UW-Platteville declined the offer.

“I still feel very strongly we just didn’t have support out of Platteville for looking like we would have a good future,” Wentz said.

Kurtz at the Jan. 26 informational session and town hall said Wentz told him UW-Platteville declined the offer. When Kurtz reached out to then-Chancellor Dennis Shields to ask about it, he said Shields “kind of blew me off.” For more, go to www.wispolitics.com.

The Capitol Report is written by the editorial staff at WisPolitics.com, a nonpartisan, Madison-based news service that specializes in coverage of government and politics and is distributed for publication by members of the Wisconsin Newspaper Association.