1975-76_v16,n36_Chevron by Editor Imprint

University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario volume 16, number 36 friday, march 12, 1976

Inside

./ Medical threat tohealth ........... .p.I I Wage controls examined .......... .p.13 Phoebe rerritories.

Nahanne (r) spoke at UW on Tuesday in support of the Native Beside her is hostess Flora Conroy of Radio Waterloo.

People’s

land claims

in the North

West

indoor track and field ............ ......... Myth of energy resources

.p. 17 .p. 24

Oemo planned against cutbacks Students’ are “facing the most ritical situation they’ve encounered since public funding of educaion started”, and it is a “matter of tter urgency” that they start to ight back now. If they don’t, the government lay get away with their proposed utbacks in education spending. This and more, was presented to he second meeting of the new ouncillors and Lpresident of the

federation of students on Monday. Mike Ura, chairperson of the external relations board, spoke to councillors of the present situation in Ontario, emphasizing constantly the need to act now, and plans for a rally on March 24, and a demonstration on April 3. The cutbacks in education spending entail a proposed 65 per cent increase in the cost of tuition, as well as the already enacted raise

in the loanceiling of OSAP to $1000 from $800. This university is being affected by cutbacks in health, food, library, and counselling services, along with the now standard increase of residence fees. This is the ‘“worst crisis” students have faced to date, Ura said. He estimated that 10 per cent of students now attending UW won’t be back next year.

Wiener’s contract renewed Human relations professor, Arhur Wiener, has had his contract enewed, and professor Marsha 7orest claims that this is further vidence‘ that the non-renewal of ler contract was a political deciion. Wiener, who is on a definite term ontract due to expire in August, old .the chevron on Monday + that e has been given another one year ppointment . Forest, who is also on a definite =rm contract with the human relaions department, was served totice last November that her serices will not be required after une . Forest claims she is being let go ecause she is an active Marxist,eninist. Shea says her firing is part f a political purge, which has aleady ousted, from Renison Colzge, professors Jeffrey Forest (her usband), Hugh Miller, and Mar=ne Webber. Wiener, as acting chairman of he department recommended to he management committee that Torest not be rehired. When the ommittee concurred with his iew, Forest immediately denanded that she be compared with he acting chairman. Her case is that she has more xperience than Wiener, attracts nore students to her courses, and Las more publications. When he came here in 1973, Wiener told the chevron he had ome straight from graduate chool.

provements she has made to the When Forest arrived here in the same year she had already served department’s internship program should have been considered. as a program director in the School These were the arguments preof Education at the University of sented by students and faculty at a Massachusetts; as an assistant prorally last December. Over 200 stufessor at McGill University; as a dents and. about 30 faculty attended consultant to the Montreal Oral School for the Deaf; as an assistant the rally which was organized in professor and program director in a opposition to political firings and in teachers college; and as a teacher in support of Forest and others. a New York school for the deaf. Forest declared then that she As for attracting more students would like to be compared with last term Wiener and Forest taught Wiener. She has since submitted the HRlOO course and while her vitae to the chevron for publicaWiener had 11 students in his class, tion beside Wiener’s vitae. Wiener, Forest taught 58, which is large by however, told the chevron on the department’s standards. Tuesday that he wasn’t interested On publications Forest also, in such a comparison. seems to have it over the acting In a telephone interview on chairman. Wiener told the chevron Wednesday, professor Larry he had one publication, and hasn’t Haworth of the management comhad anything published since he mittee would not say. what criteria came to UW. In her vitae, Forest were used in Wiener’s review.. And lists 15 publications of which seven when asked if students had any have been published since she input he hung-up the phone. joined the department. ___ In an interview last month One of the two reasons given by Haworth said the review would be the management committee for its the same as Forest’s and th t student opinion would be consi “aered. decision on the Forest case was that it felt the professor’s scholarly He refused, however, to say how work, i.e. publications, were “not the opinion would be solicited. up to the standard the department Forest has submitted her case to ought to uphold”. The other reason PACER (the president’s advisory council on equal rights). She has was that in a poll the department’s asked the committee to compare full-time faculty were split, four against, and two for her being reher with Wiener and judge if she has been treated fairly. tained. ~ Chairwoman of PACER, profesIt was argued, however, that these two reasons were insufficient sor Pat Rowe, told the chevron the committee is just beginning to and that the professor’s teaching study the material submitted by ability, her student’s opinions, her continued on page 3 community services, and the im-

Students do not only face cutbacks in education spending, but are also about to deal with “the most massive unemployment since World War II.” Ura predicted that student unemployment will double this summer compared to last. It was also reported in council that not all co-op engineers were able to find jobs-an unprecedented situation. . The cutbacks are tied in with the federal government’s wage controls, Ura said, and are an attempt by the provincial government to blame students for the problems big business is causing. The provincial government is also cutting back in health and social services. Health minister Frank Miller has recently been touring the province closing hospitals as part of a plan to close down 3,000 beds and eliminate 7,000 hospital jobs. Community and Social Services minister James Taylor announced Tuesday that he plans to force mothers on welfare with children to go out to work, and in cases where this is not possible “perhaps an older son could go out to work”. Taylor had previously announced a 5.5 per cent ceiling for municipal social service grants -with the anticipated effect of staff lay-offs and decreased operations . In a handout which accompanied his presentation, Ura said that the government is “making the lowest sectors of Ontario’s income hierarchy pay for the damage big business has done to our economy.” (The Ontario Federation of Students has published figures quoting decreasing shares of taxes being levied on large corporations, whose profit jumped by 250 per cent between 1967 and 1974.) Federation president Shane Roberts said the government is “gambling that students will roll with the punches and not fight back”, and that is why the government is choosing to ,attack students. He also said that the “university administration is silently complicit, is selling us out”. Both Roberts and Ura were re-

sponding to an OFS call to hold a province wide moratorium on cutbacks March 24, and to mobilize students for a demonstration in Toronto April 3. The moratorium is being held to promote extensive discussion on the cutbacks and the best means of fighting them. The demonstration is being organized by the Toronto-based Coalition Against Cutbacks, which involves various organizations , unions, and political parties which have united to oppose the cutbacks. Ura said that the cutbacks were “enraging whole sections of the province”, and that the govemment in its action “may hurt itself ‘. If students can raise media coverage, as well as the hackles of the government, they will be able to stop the cutbacks, Ura said. Math rep. Selma Sahin pointed out to council that an example has already been set in Quebec-where Quebec students were able to force the government to withdraw its proposed measures to cutback in spending. She was referring to ANEQ, the Quebec student association of 100,000 which managed, among other things, to mobilize 20,000 students for a demonstration in opposition to fare hikes for the Montreal transit system. Sahin said that large numbers of people will scare the government and force it to withdraw its proposals.

Ura said OFS realized the time set for the demonstration is awkward, since many students will be in or near their exams. But action now is important, he said, because of the speed with which the government is moving to cutback in spending. In the handout, he anticipated that “Queen’s Park is preparing to deliver a series of hatchet blows” to the people in the province in late April or early May, when students have dispersed for the summer. “If we don’t fight back now,” he said, “a lot of us won’t come back.” -chris

jones

friday,

the chevron

Too many of us are in places we don’t want to be. Doing things we really don’t want to be doing. Sometimes, it’s because- we can’t think of anything better to do-but that’s no way to live. Since you have only one life to live, you might as well live it with joy . . . with a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment . . . and the knowledge that you are giuing, not taking. Why not decide to live for the best . . . for a great purpose . . . for something bigger than you --- 3 art?:

ing the Gospel of Christ to the North American people. For over 100 years the Paulists have done this through the communication artsbooks, publications, television and radio-on college campuses, in parishes, in missions in North America, in downtown centers, in working with young and old. Because we are flexible, we continually pioneer new approaches. To do this we need dedicated, innovative men to carry on our work. To find out what road God has chosen us to walk is one of the most important tasks of our life. Which road will be yours? For more information on the Paulists, fill out the coupon and mail today.

If you want to change the direction of your life, you might investigate the Paulist way of living. The Paulists are a small group of Catholic priests dedicated to preach-

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THE

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Name / I I

MULISIS Mail to: Rev. Frank DeSiano, C.S.P., Room D237 PAULIST FATHERS 415 West 59th Street New York, N.Y. 10019 U.S.A. ~~~~~~----~~---

City

Pub opens 12 noon. 9 - 1 a.m. 74 cents

Benefit Dinner for Guatemala. Includes - Folk music, a vegetarian supper, filmson the world food crisis. All proceeds to the Amanda Marga Universal Relief Team. 6:30 p.m. St. Mathew’s Church, 54 Benton Street, Kitchener. Campus Centre Southcote from admission.

Federatibn Flicks-Love & Death with Woody Allen. 8 pm. AL 116. Feds $1, Others $1.50.

Pub opens 7 pm. 9-l am. 74 cents

Federation Flicks-Love & Death with Woody Allen. 8 pm. AL 116. Feds $1, Others $1.50.

of-I

Willment Folk Concert. --Jo-Anne Admission $2, students and seniors $1.25. 8pm. Theatre of the Arts. D. Slbeko, from the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa) will address a public forum. He is minister of Foreign Affairs for PAC at UN Observer Mission. 8 pm. Psych 2083. Group medltation and advanced lecture for all T.M. meditators. 8 pm. E3-1101.

ZipClass

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noor MacKenzie from s-1 am. 74 cent after 7 pm.

Joseph Haydn’s Mass in Time of War presented by the UW Concert Choir. Admission $2.50, students and seniors $2.00. 8 pm. Theatre of the Arts.

Province Colle e atten 5 mg

Wednesday

Blues Workshop with Joe Michno. With talking, live playing, lots of taped examples. 24:30 pm. Kitchener Public Library. l?ehearsaIs -Little Symphony Orchestra. 7 pm. AL6.

Saturday

Address

Sunday

About Land and Sea. An exhibition of war+ by six artists in a variety of media. UW Art Gallery. Hours: MonFri %4pm, Sun 2-5 p.m. till April 11th.

Federation Flicks-Love & Death with Woody Allen. 8 pm. AL 116. Feds $1, Others $1.50.

Monday

’

Old Film Night -The Eagle with Rudolph Valentino and Pups is Pups with the Little Rascals. 7:30 pm. Kitchener Public Library. Final Meeting of the U of W Ski Club. Spring skiing in Whistler: details of trip at end of April along with films and a bar. 8 pm. MC 5136.

Please in the

send me more information Canadian Forces of Maritime

NAME

ADDRESS PROV.

CITY POSTAL COURSE

about opportunities Engineers.

Oh What A Lovely War. Written Charles Chilton. A Musical story WWI. 8 pm. Humanities Theatre.

CODE-

UNIVERSITY YEAR

by of

Public Forum: Organized Workers Speak Out: Representatives f rom the Union of Injured Workers, Ontario Secondary School Teacher’s Federation and the Canadian Union of Postal Workers. Sponsored by Social Work class 372R. 8 pm. EL 103.

University

Rehearsals pm. AL6.

-Concert

Band.

5:3(

Club Meeting. Everyone 7:30 pm. CC 135.

wel

UW History Society Guest Lecture Series: Dr. Frank Epp, an expert iI Canadian Mennonite history wil speak on his specific field of researcl in a lecture entitled “Having Faila English, I Became a Writer of His tory.” Discussion and refreshment follow. 8 pm. Hum 373.

The Ontology Club asks the question, “Honesty or Sanity?” For this week’s discussion. 4:30 pm. CC 113. Rehearsals -Concert Choir. 7 pm. AL 116.

Headquarters

K-W Red cross Blood Donor Clitlic 24:30 pm. and 6-8:30 pm. First Un ited Church, King and Williar Streets, Waterloo.

Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1:30-4:30 pm.

Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1:30-4~30 and 7-l 0 pm.

Defence

Para-legal assistance offers non professional legal advice. Ca 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours 1:30-4:30 pm and 7-10 pm.

Oh What A Lovely War. Written b’ Charles Chilton. A musical story o WWI. 8 pm. Humanities Theatre.

Tuesday

of Recruiting & Selection, National Ottawa, Ontario KlA OK2

University Chapel. Sponsoreq by thl UW chaplains. 12:30 pm. SCH 218k

Campus Centre Pub opens.12 noon. MacKenzie erom 9-l am. 74 Cents after 7 pm.

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. MacKenzie from 9-l am. 74 cents after 7 pm.

Directorate Box 8989,

Associa Rabbi P “Que: 50 cent 12 nobr

Chess come.

Jazz & Blues Club. New additions to the Kitchener Public Library collection of jazz records. 8 pm. Kitchener Public Library.

GET M/OWED WITHTHE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES

Waterloo Jewish Students tion Discussion Group with Rosenweig. Topics include tions Modern Jews Ask”. covers delicatessen lunch. cc 135.

Career Talk-M.B.A. at York University. 114 pm. NH 1021.

Athletic Awards Banquet/Pub. Dinner 6130 pm., Awards Presentation; Pub and Dance. All athletes $1, others $2.50. Tickets at the door. 6:30 pm. Knights of Columbus Hall, University Avenue, Waterloo.

This is where you could find yourself if you become a Maritime Engineering Officer in today’s Canadian Armed Forces. The Master Engineering Control centre of one of our new DDH 280 Destroyers. No boilers. No stokers. No sweat! The power within these beautiful ships comes from jet turbine engines. The machinery that heats, cools, ventilates and provides water throughout these ships is the latest. Maritime Engineering Officers on these ships work with some of the most sophisticated equipment in the world...with expertly trained men who are as proud of their work as they are of their ships. If you’re studying engineering, think about this Officer’s job. It’s a very special one. It could take you anywhere in the world!

12, 197(

Friday

Campus Centre Southcote from after 7 pm.

march

Saturday

Gay Coffee House.

8:30 pm. CC 110

Free Movie -Front Page (origina version) lo:15 pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Sponsored by CCB.

Thursday Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon MacKenzie from 9-l am. 74 cent: after 7 pm. Para-legal assistance offers nor professional legal advice. Cal 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours 1:30-4:30 pm. Waterloo Christian Fellowship 4:31 pm.-Bible study using “Basic Chri: tianity” by John Scott. 5:15 pm. supper, 6 pm. - speaker - Gary Co well, Topic: “The Problem of Evil. Come and join us. CC; 113. Weekly Forums on the Politica Economy of tinada. Sponsored b Anti-Imperialist Aliance. 7 pm. A 207. Christian Science Organization Everyone is invited to attend thesl regular meetings for informal discus sions. 7:30 pm. Hum 174. KF Gauss Foundations. Ler Ordres-Brrault, Contemporar, Shorts-McLaren. Admission .71 cents. 8pm MC2066. Oh What a Lovely War. Written b Charles Chilton. A musical story c WWI. 8 pm. Humanities Theatre. K-W Chamber Music Societ presents the Stratford Festival Er semble. Admission $3, students an seniors $2. 8pm Kitchener Publi Library.

Catholic

Parish

Mass Schedule 9:00 a.m. Sunday 7:00 p.m.

10:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m. 7:00 p.m. Sunday 12:30p.m. WI East Quad Lounge

Weekdays

7:30 a.m. 12:35 a.m. 5:00 p.m.

Father Norm Choate CR., 884-4256 Father Bob Liddy C.R. 884-0863 or 8844110

j Notre Dame Chapel,

friday,

march

the chevron

12, 1976

UW wants tests for HS stude Either uniform high school testing or university admission examining is needed to counter declining standards in English and mathematics among students, says a UW brief. The brief, sent to Ontario education minister Thomas Wells, calls. for a return to province-wide testing of high school students, ‘ ‘particularly in mathematics and English.” If that’s unfeasible, then universities should use standard admis-

Sty/e grows An artist’s style is established when his own personality makes his works, according to Canadian playwright John Herbert. Herbert feels that his play “Fortune and Men’s -Eyes” represents the first time that he fully achieved this recognizable style. The play sprang from an experience at the age of 18 when Herbert spent six months in the Guelph Reformatory on the charge of having had a homosexual relationship. Herbert, who has also written such plays as “Born of Medusa’s Blood” and “Omphale and the Hero”, visited UW this week at the invitation of the English and drama departments and the Canadian Studies program. In a seminar for Rota Lister’s English 335 class on Monday, Herbert discussed his dramatic style, his personal background on ‘which much of his work is based and his view of the Canadian approach to the arts. Herbert, who comes ,from a large, poor family and left school at 16 to work for an advertising firm,

sion exams “to judge and select from the pool of applicants, students that have the ne‘cessary aptitude and preparation,” the brief urges. The brief was drafted by UW’s l&year old industrial advisory council which consists of 24 representatives from the 1,000 organizations participating in the university’s co-operative engineering and science programs. It says “there is great concern about the validity of the criteria

from feels that his background benefitted his career. The “smugness’ of most middle and upper class youths leaves them with nothing to contribute to the arts, he said. The playwright, who also writes for ‘ ‘Onion”, a Toronto arts paper, and formerly had a Toronto theatre company, The Garret Theatre for 12 years, considers “Omphale and the Hero”, his 14th play, to be his best. It is no accident that there has been no Canadian production of the play as it reveals “the Puritan cruelty and grasping materialism of the Canadian personality,” Herbert claimed. “Somebody gets hurt when you tell the truth.” He also dislikes the amount of control the Canadian government exercises over the theatre but feels it is a “cop out” for the young Canadian artist not to try to make it here. “The rest of the world wants us to say something about living here,” Herbert said. “We’re not daring enough.” -laura

mclachlan

being used for making decisions about admission to university.. . (since) numerous applicants do not have the necessary depth. “The large number of course options at the secondary school level certainly provides opportunity for diversification and the selection of courses appropriate to the current interests of the individual student. in professional “However, studies such as engineering a very special preparation is necessary in terms of subject matter, depth of interest and &gor of approach.” - The brief points out that given the variation in graduation standards today, the council believes to determme Fji$-~~~fii$;; “increas . “Between different high schools similar marks do not indicate similar levels of preparation.” The brief also says it came as a

“revelation” to council to learn As for the school boards, they that course content of similar progare given “far too much latitude in rams “may vary radically from the determination of programs ,” school to school . . . (and) this dethe brief charges. “Programs at the gree of flexibility causes us great secondary school level appear too concern.” flexible with too many courses .” In addition, the lack of standards To remedy the situation, the brief suggests there’s still a need forin course content is “especially damaging in the fundamental areas some sort ‘ ‘s tandardized testing of language and mathematics,” the procedure” to measure academic achievement among students. brief says. “Perhaps this can best be ac“A command of oral and written complished through a return to language and a good working knowledge of mathematics have enormprovince-wide examinations or by the estabous value to any situation that a uniGersities undertaking student will face at school or at lishment of standard admission examinations in certain subjects .” work.” The brief adds: “As employers - The brief also urges a more reliand community leaders we- would able way of grading, more uniform like some meaningful benchmark to course content, more emphasis on assess an applicant’s ability in lanthe development of good study and guage and mathematics. ” work habits and improved comIt goes on to say that the council munications between various believes any deficiencies in these levels of Ontario’s education sysareas deny a student access to most tern. professional careers. -john morris

Is your head well covered An extensive housing survey is being planned by the student federation to ascertain the off-campus housing situation in KitchenerWaterloo. The survey, which could serve as a future model for the Ontario Federation of Students, and National Union of Students, has been in the works since September of last year. Shane Roberts, student federation president, informed the council Monday night that different neighbourhoods are being ripped down across the city by developers interested in building high rises and town houses. Roberts said that it is not clear how much this will affect students. The Federation has taken on the responsibility of the survey,

Roberts said, because the university housing office “doesn’t care” to act beyond its normal functions of finding housing vacancies. The survey has already been published, and now needs to be distributed. Roberts introduced a method of reaching off-campus students by taking the survey to core courses of students in each department. The survey, which is in the form of a questionnaire, asks students about the types of housing they are used to, the type of housing they would prefer, the amount of money they are willing to spend, and their proximity to the campus. Councillors expect to begin distribution of the survey soon. In other business, councillors passed motions moved by Roberts

to appoint Bruce Rorrison chairman of the creative arts board, and Ralph Torrie as chairman of the board of publications. The board of publications has jurisdiction over the chevron, the student handbook and student directories. Torrie, speaking about his anticipated role, said he was “concerned about the credibility gap between the chevron and students”. There is a “certain attitude about the chevron which blinds people” when they read it, he said, even though “there is some excellent writing” on the part of the chevron staff.

Council also formed a new committee to study the report from the old federation council on the use of executive Drivilene I Y cards. -chris

Wener continued

from

page

Forest. She explained that they are being careful because this is the first case of this type the committee has had to deal with. Rowe could give no indication of when PACER would reach a decision. She cautioned, however, that all PACER can deal with is whether there was a sexual bias in the decision against Forest, and not whether there was insufficient reason to let her contract lapse. That is a question which the faculty association’s academic freedom and tenure committee will have to deal with. Forest said on Tuesday that she would submit her case to the committee. If they feel her case merits it they could ask the Canadian Association of University Teachers to become involved. Though Forest feels that Wiener’s renewal strengthens the case that her “firing” is politic&, the administration is remaining firm and UW academic vicepresident Tom Brzustowski said on Wednesday that Wiener’s repewal did not alter the situation. -neil

docherty

This lesser Malay chevrotain can be found stuffed and encased in the ground floor of the biology building. Passed-off as a small ruminant it is really a former chevron staffer who, while ferreting round those strange parts in search of news copy, was caught by the dean and preserved for posterity. Questioned about the bizarre affair, the dean denied that it was a chevron staffer, claiming that it was a primitive artiodactyl. He said it was an intermediate between the more primitive artidactyls, such as pigs and hippopotami, and the ruminants such as cattle, deer and giraffes. He did, however, concede that ruminants are, according to the Oxford dictionary, animals that chew cud and are given to contemplation. And it is we// known that these are essential features of any chevron staffer. photo by neil docherty

jones

friday,

the chevron

GO BY BUS Gray Service Entrances

Personal

LONDON-KITCHENER-TORONTO EFFECTIVE FEB. 15 UNIVERSITY SERVICE UNCHANGED

HELP-745-l 166-We care. Crisis intervention and confidential listening to any problem. Weeknights 6pm to 12 midnight, Friday 5pm to Monday lam.

LEAVE UNIVERSITY Mb. to Fri. - 3:05 p.m. & 4:50 p.m. Fridays - 12:25 pm. & 3:35p.m.

Will do light moving with a small pickup truck. Call Jeff 745-1293 Psychology student preparing thesis on Psychic Phenomena would like to hear of any related experiences. Leave reply at the chevron.

TO CAMPUS

Monday to Friday - 790 a.m. 7:30 p.m.* 8:30 p.m.,* G 9:45 p.m. & *lo:50

p.mi

*via lslington Subway Stn. G - Locally via Guelph

For Sale

Toronto and London buses loop via University, Westmount, Columbia and Phillip, serving designated stops. Buses will stop on signal at intermediate points en route and along University Ave. ADDITIONAL DAILY EXPRESS SERVICE FROM KITCHENER BUS TERMINAL.

See Time Table No. 2 WATERLOO-TORONTO

AND SAVE MONEY!

10 Rides

$31.90

Tickets have no expiry date; they do not have to be used by the purchaser; they may be used from the Kitchener Terminal or from Waterloo.

FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION TELEPHONE 742-4469 KlTCHENER TERMINAL GAUKEL 8 JOSEPH STS.

Many thanks to those who helped me get m’watch back-Dave.

Adorable puppies. Part cocker spaniel. Mother is registered Silver Buff Cocker. Reasonable to good homes. Call 744-9115.

WOODSTOCK-LONDON SERVICE Express via Hwy. 401 Read Down Read Up ’ Fridays Sundays Ar. 6.45 p.m. South Campus Entrance 6.05p.m. Lv. Ar. 7.10 p.m. 6.35p.m. Lv. Kitchener Terminal Woodstock Lv. 5.55 p.m. 7.25p.m. Ar. London Lv. 5.15 p.m. 8.05p.m. Ar.

BUY “lO=TRIP TICKETS”

Fast accurate typing. 40 cents a page. IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore village. Call 884-6913 anytime. Will type essays or thesis for 50 cents per page, Call Norma Kirby 742-9357.

Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm. 217C. Open Monday-Thursday 7-l Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-l 21 I, ext. 2372.

Express via Hwy. 401

Typing

BIRTHRIGHT cares! If you are married or single and having a problem pregnancy call 579-3990 for practical assistance.

TORONTO SERVICE

Sundays

Fridge $35, Stove $50. Both very good condition. Also antique bureau and mirror. 745-5920. I

Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Control Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control, V.D., unplanned pregnancy and sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 8851211, ext. 3446 (Rm. 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770.

TIME TABLE

RETURN BUSES FROM TORONTO

12, 1976

Coach University Direct from Campus To Toronto and Woodstock-London Express via Hwy. 401

WINTER

march

1974 Fiat or best 579-3320 ings and

X19. Good condition. $3200 offer by March 20. Phone weekdays, 662-2335 evenweekends.

OId

Will do student typing, reasonable rates, Lakeshore village. Call 885-l 863. Typing: neat and efficient. Experienced. Reasonable rates. 884-1025. Ask for Judy. Experienced typist for thesis, termpapers and essays. 50 cents a page includes paper. Call 884-6705 anytime.

Housing

Available

May 6-Aug 31. 4 bedroom older home. Convenient to shopping. Westmount area near Union. Fully furnished. Telephone: 742-0603 or ext. 2536. 2 bed room; broadloomed apartment to sublet; May on. 10 min. from U of W. $175/month. Call 885-6596. Apartment, 1 bedroom plus den, cable and utilities, mostly furnished. Across from University in Married Student Apartments. Available from April 1st. Phone 884-1158. Rent $145 a month. Ottawa Apt. Summer Term Sublet. with parking, $237/month $217/month without parking. Phone Dave or Patti 886-4764. London Housing. Need 4th person summer term. $85/month and utilities. Call Patti or Dave 886-4764.

Open: Wed. 1‘-5pm Thur. 1-5pm Fri 10-&30pm & 5:30-8pm Sat. l l-5pm

book

born

For the best selection of used books in town We have recent novels, sci-fi, westerns, mysteries, texts, comics and national geographies. Also current issues of: -Mother Earth Mews -City Magazine -This Magazine at 20% discount

12 King St. N. Waterloo (Between theatre and hotel)

GRADUATION DAVID’S

PHOTOS

38 DuPont E. 886-3530

Waterloo QUALITY

PHOTOGRAPHY

COLOR No. 1 No.2

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fridav,

march

, vacancies

the chevron

12,. 1976

UW to fiNany Although the university won’t be hiring new faculty next fall, it will be able to fii all vacant positions, says UW president Burt Matthews. Matthews, sporting a healthy tan after a conference jaunt in New Zealand, told a news conference yesterday that the university is in a better financial state than he had thought. “When I left for New Zealand, I expected to be faced with having to cut the budget when I returned, but things look better than I had anticipated .’ ’ He pointed out that though the .-

one, it’ll still allow the university to lift the December freeze on renewing appointments and fill all faculty vacancies. “We’ll be able to filf any or all of the positions that are in the current (197576) budget as we can now sustain them.” (The province granted universities last month with a 9.5 per cent increase in undergraduate per student grants. That means the undergraduate per student grant will be $2,312 from $2,111 last year and for graduate students it’ll be $2,255.) Matthews also said he “can’t

faculty making any new positions available but he conceded that high-growth Faculties might be able to hire more professors. However, the university as well as other universities in Canada are in a better shape when compared to other countries’ post-secondary institutions where cutbacks are looming, Matthews said. Recalling what he heard at the conference of commonwealth universities held in New Zealand, Matthews said, “Government support to universities in Canada isn’t bad in comparison with other coun-

For the last five months the university has been conducting a study of encased food. This salrsage on a stick has been on display on the Needles Hall staircase since last October. It is such a sturdy specimen, so choc full of preservatives,,that the administration hopes to take the university’s mace out of the registrar’s vault, and lay it to rest ’ on this staunch Weiner. But UW president, Burt Matthews, told the chevron he can’t decide whether to display the yeiner and mace in Needles Ha/I or the library. to place the Weiner in the vault.

The chevron

South Afriiim

advised

him that in these hard times he would be wise

-photo

by neil docherty

In another matter, Matthews apnounced that applications as of Feb. 21 to enter UW in fall have jumped 6 per cent against last year for Grade 13 students and 18 per cent for non-Grade 13 applicants. Asked whether this increase would increase the faculties’ workload, Matthews agreed saying the productivity of professors will have L to go up. “There’s no question about it that the number of faculty hasn’t been increasing with the increase in students .” From 1970 to 1975, only 28 professors have been hired along with about 200 part-time faculty while student numbers have jumped 25 per cent. Matthews also had a few things to say about the recently released report on Canadian Studies put out by the Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada. He said the report will certainly affect Canadian Studies over the

,to speak - I

which Vorster is using to try to unfour ,million whites, and 750,000 March 20-21 marks the sixteenth dermine the struggle. Asians . anniversary of the Sharpeville Azanian News, the official organ Apartheid robs the Africans of all massacre in Azania, illegally bapof the PAC has stated, “Africa is rights. There exist strictly upheld tized South Africa by the white for the African people. The right of laws affecting their rights of colonialists . self-determination is the unquesSixty-seven Africans were murmovement, choice of residence, tioned right of indigenous peoples’ property, worship, choice of occudered, and 186 were injured when nationhood ~whit h pation and marriage to name just a to sovereign the police opened fiie on a peacethey must determine without presful, unarmed gathering who were few of the Gestapo-like infringesure or restriction. ments upon human rights. protesting having to carry pass“The forces in Azania are an inLaws make it a crime for an Afiibooks. can worker to participate in, or integral part of the present resistance In commemoration of the marmovement in the struggle for tyrs of this massacre, David stigate a strike. The struggle of the&an.ian peoAfrica’s self-determination. ’’ Sibeko, foreign affairs director for this oppression The meeting to support the the Pan Africanist Congress of ple to overthrow struggle of the Azanian people is Azania will be speaking here Sun- was propelled in 1959 when they formed the PAC to give full expresbeing sponsored by the Antiday March 14 at 8 p.m. in Psych sion to their demand for total liberImperialist Alliance, the African, 2083. Sibeko is also a representaArab and Caribbean student astive to PAC’s observer mission to ation. The PAC sees revolution as the sociations, and the international ‘the United Nations. only way to achieve complete libstudent associations of both UW The PAC is leading the struggle of the Azanian people against the eration for the Azanian people, and and WLU. rejects the fraud of “detente” -nina tymoszewicz racist and fascist government of Johannes Vorster, which maintains white minority rule. The “Union of South Africa” was created by an act of the British Parliament in 1909. l .This act put administrative responsibility for the territory in the hands of a white coalition govern- _ ment of the former colonial ad: : ministration of the Cape, Natal, WHAT% YOUR QUESTION? l l Transvaal and Orange Free State. : : ’ We’re going to be on campus Though the British granted “into try and give you some straight dependence” to ‘a white minority : : answers to your questions. regime, it did not constitute decol: Why an M.B.A.? What’s York have to offer? : onization for the black majority in * Get the answers. Get them straight. Meet our people. the territory. It only meant an in: 0 tensification of their subjugation by DATE: Monday, March 15,1976 white minority rule. : Vorster’s Nationalist Party is : known to’ the world as the deII:00 - 4:00 p.m. TIME: : veloper of the racist apartheid syst -. : tem, a policy which the party likes PLACE: 1021 kxdles Hall 1 to call “separate development”. : If you can’t mak.e it, write us: . 0 Racial segregation has existed in Student Affairs Office Azania since European coloniza: Faculty of Administrative Studies r : tion began in the mid-seventeenth century, but the Nationalist Party’s 4700 Keele Street : policy imposed measures affecting UNIVERSITY Downsview, Ontario M3J 2R6 0 all aspects of the daily life of the l (4 16) 667-2532 : Africans. The Africans are 21- mill: ion in number compared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~.....................~ 7 .” to .,only .\ ,..‘ ’ I”*,_ ‘., .” .‘. , 1 / -2

He said universities in Great Britain are facing hard times when the government decided to abandon a five-year plan that it maintained with higher education. “The government abandoned its commitment in the face of financial constraints .” . So the lesson to be learned, according to Matthews, is that fiveyear plans in education can just as easily be reneged by government if priorities change as can Ontario’s year to year budgeting . - “When the chips are down, the government can withdraw from its commitment just as easily as it entered it.:‘-

<The answer is ’ ‘i M. B.A.

YORI(

next five years as university officials will try to get more Canadians on their teaching staffs. As for UW hiring more Canadians, Matthews said sometimes it is hard to find qualified Canadians for certain subjects. One such subject is dance instruction where there are few qualified Canadians. “Canada hasn’t had the time to develop Canadian talent but the universities are concerned and will attempt to work in the direction of getting more Canadians on their staffs .” Presently, 6813 per cent of UW’s’ faculty are Canadians against 58 per cent in 1970; Matthews said. However, most of this increase is accounted for by foreigners becoming Canadians. Broken down, the percentage of Canadians at UW’s programs are: applied fine arts, 72.7 per cent; humanities and related sciences, 66.4 per cent; social sciences, 58.9 per cent; biological sciences; 83.9 per cent; engineering, 76.1 per cent; health professions, 70.4 per cent; mathematics and physical sciences, 71.2 per cent. The AUCC report, prepared by professor Thomas Symons, says Canada’s universities and colleges have neglected Canadian content in curriculum because of “indifference or even antipathy” and have failed to train Canadians to deal with Canadian problems in the sciences, professions and arts. ’ Symons, a former president of Trent University, lists the wholesale importation of foreign faculty which occurred during the expansion of Canadian postsecondary institutions in the 1960s. - john morris

0.h What a Lovely War by Charles Chilton and Theatre Workshop A musical story of World War I. Included in it is local historical material of Berlin (Old Kitchener)

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ote cornposting among the public as One way to conserve scarce re- consumption and pollution” and by the Kitchenerone quarter to one third of municisources is to reduce the amount of .‘organized pal garbage is food and yard waste, garbage collected at households, Waterloo Consumer Action the spokes woman said. says a spokeswoman for the Centre. (Cornposting involves taking orOther speakers were Lilian Croal Toronto-based Garbage Coaltion. ganic waste material such as of the Consumers Association of Joanne Opperman of the coalikitchen and table “left-avers”, tion told a Twin City audience on Canada and Gerry Thompson of grass clippings, plant trimmings, Wednesday that the way to cut the Waterloo region waste manleaves or weeds and placing them in down on waste in society is to eduagement department. soil rich in natural soil organisms.) cate people about garbage reducOpperman said the province The coalition believes the govtion. should persuade consumers to ernment should enact legislation “If you have to get into and sepa- I avoid “excessively packaged” such as a packaging review board rate your household garbage there goods and encouragethem to buy ’ which could reduce the industrial, will be a great impact on what you goods in refillable containers. waste by setting criteria for.packput into it.” “Packaging makes a 40 per cent ages on the market, Opperman The coalition urges the province contribution to garbage total and said. to launch a public campaign aimed over-packaging is a waste of Other legislation could deal with at reducing garbage and to enact energy, resources and money.” a ban on non-refillable pop conAnd “a lot of people in a lot of legislation curbing the generation tainers which won’t simply reduce industries are making a lot of of solid waste at the manufacturing solid waste but would also have an level, Opperman said. money in packaging,” Opperman educational impact on She was talking at a forum entiadded. 0 . the public, she said. The province should also promtled “Our Throwaway Society: Earlier,- Thompson said the province is looking 15 years in the future as far as waste disposal goes and is advocating the need for resource recovery plants. . These plants will shred, waste and separate it to see whether there’s. a market for this processed waste, Thompson said. He added that Waterloo region is conducting an eight-month study to see where such a plant can be located. If the regional plant is built, the province will put up 50 per cent of the cost with private industry c>hipping in the remainder, Thompson said. “So put pressure on your councillor and convince him this is the way to go as far as recovering i-esources.”

Mondtiy-Saturday

G.ARFlELD aBAN D

-john

mods

Feds‘float summertheatre The student federation will loan its creative arts board $5,000 to finance summer theatre on campus, student’s council decided on Monday. The money is to float a company comprised of a director, a stage manager and six actors’on a salary of $70 a week each, and to pay for publicity, scripts, props, costumes, etc. I-The company will put on four shows between May and September starting with,Neil Simon’s “The Good Doctor”. The project will be organized and run by Kick Armstrong, who is a student in theatre and the participants will be students auditioned on campus. Armstrong told the council the emphasis will be on student involvement and community benefit. He said this form of entertainment is lacking during the summer months. It is estimated that the project will make a little profitwhich will be paid into the creative arts board. The federation loan must be repaid by August 31. Armstrong reassured council that even ifthey were unable to pay back the money by the end,of August, the project had a sponsor in the drama department who would finance another two plays which should collect enough money to clear the debt. -

Foreign students lidted8at Mat HAMILTON (CUP)-Foreign student enrolment at MacMas ter University will be limited for the 1976-77 academic year, according to a Senate decision here Feb. 11. Foreign student enrolment will be limited to five per cent of the total first year program enrolment. A faculty, however, may accept li> per cent if its maximum enrolment figures are not reached.

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A.L. Darling, MacMaster registrar, chooses to call the maximum numbers “targets” rather than limits or ceilings. While he says that the restrictions will only be placed on first yearcourses, Darling feels that they will “essentially con‘trol numbers from that point on.” The target numbers will have to be adhered to as of the official enrolment date, which is Dec. 1 of each year, Darling said. It is expected that the limitations will have the greatest effects on the Engineering’ Faculty,, where 2O’per cent of the students are classed’as foreign students.

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Anti-in flaton

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diction over the provincial public negotiated with the University sector to- the federal government would have brought them to just $6,925. without passing provincial legislaThe union’s optimism was based tion to that effect. The Ontario minority govemon the government’s stated intent when the wage controls were introment entered into agreement with Ottawa on the anti-inflation prog- duced last fall to restrain “powerram by means of a memorandum of _ful” groups whose wage -increase understanding signed under had been large in the past. People apearning 1essL than $7,000 were sup-. -Cabinet, but not Legislature ‘posed to be exempt from the con- -proval. The first appeal step’ for the ‘trols, according to thegovernment, but the AIB ignored this when it union was to take the university’s ruled against the library workers . non-compliance with the collective - contract. \ agreement before a provincial arImmediately after the AIB’s ml- ’ bitrator, and this was done last _--. -I_ ing was made, CUPE announcedmonth. its intention to test the AIB legislaThe arbitrators decision was tion in the courts. “vague” according ‘to union offiThe union disputes the right of cials at the CUPE nationaloffice in d the Ontario Cabinet to assign jurisOttawa. The University was ordered to “uphold the agreement to the extent that it is permitted by law to do so.” Following that indecisive judg-

OTTAWA (CUP)-The Canadian Union of Public Employees has launched the first case that could see the anti-inflation legislation tested in the courts. And at issue is the refusal by the University of Toronto to implement the terms of the collective agreement that ended a 20-daylibrary strike there last December. The union negotiated an average -18.5 percent wage increase, but the university-refused to put it into effeet because the Anti-Inflation Board decided the increase should not exceed 12.2 per cent in the first year of the agreement. The union was confident the agreement would be approved by the AIB because the old base rate was just $5,771, and the increase --_

Unihemity-\ to, die $.> B,c; i. . ,- ,2EfE in -SliW& I

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NELSON (CUP)-British Columbia’s Sacred government has apparently decided to kill the Frovince’s only interior university in stages rather than one immediate blow. Notre Dame is a private university which has existed for years almost solely on government grants from the education department. Two months ago, education minister Pat McGeer said the department would not recommend a -grant for the university and handed jurisdiction for its funding to the U’mversity Council, of BC , which administers the funding of the three public universities. Increased class size and a drastic slash in courses was the price set by the Universities Council Feb.-28, q, it handed down a list of preconditions for Notre Dame University to getany government funding.. Among the conditions/set by the council are elimination of the first. and second year programs at NDU and a reductionof _-the faculty/student ratio. The Universities Council recommended that-“first and second year courses be t&en over by Sel-. kirk College, a two-year institution in neighbouring Castlegar, although it is unclear whether the courses will be taught at Selkirk or at NDU by Selkirk faculty. A letter distributed on March 3 to students and the community by the

*Enginieers stomp on chevron The chevron office was invaded Monday by about 30 engineering students. Equipped with a trombone‘, a large drum and oversize wrench, they marched around the office to ’ the tune of: “We are, we are, we are; the engineers. We can, we can, we can, demolish 40 beers.” They also said a rude thing about the chevron.

The oversized wrench, said to be a symbol of an engineer’s sexual prowess, was carried by two persons whose heads came to a large point beneath the veil of black cloth which covered their bodies. Reports were received from other parts of campus where the engineers demonstrated their musical talents in lecture halls and laboratories. The demonstration was orderly and police reported that there were ) no arrests.

the chevron

to be heard

What is at stake in the case, one NDU student union says the reof the first court tests of the federal cqmmendations will cause the wage control program; is not eventual shutdown of Notre Dame whether a province has the right to because third and fourth year en- assign jurisdiction over collective ’ rolment will be too low to ensure bargaining to the Federal AIB. adequate funding. It calls the This constitutional question is Council’s recommendations “a being dealt with in another case indisastrous route for the govern-volving Renfrew teachers before ment to take?’ the Supreme Court of Canada. The NDU board ofgovemors is The import of the CUPE appeal studying the recommendations and is simply to test whether the proseeking clarification from the vincial government *has a right to council. assign jurisdiction without enabling Meanwhihe a group of residents legislation. ’ According to CUPE secretaryand business people in this Kootenay city have announced the treasurer Kealey Cummings : ‘ ‘We formation of a “save Notre Dame ‘/we saying our collective agreement fund” to defray< the-growing-costs with. the University has been viol-’ being incurred by students and faated, and that-the collective agreeculty as they try to persuade the merit, negotiated -under Ontario i government not to destroy the only labour law, should take precedence non-coastal university in the proover an Anti-1,nflation Board ml- t . vince. ing.” An _editorial& the Nelson Daily If the Supreme Court of Ontario, News on March 2 called on its .upholds the union appeal, the effect readers to contribute to the fund would be to require the minority PC which will meet legal, travel, and - government to seek approval of telephone expenses in the struggle I-wage controls in the legislature. to make Victoria aware of-just how If that comes about, observers important NDU is. say the possibility of government “The student union and the,fadefeat is present, but not likely,, culty associatiomhave contributed since the Liberals in the Legislagenerously to the campaign and are, ture are expected to support’ the now at a point where they.have lit-‘ government and give it the majority tle or no money in their coffers,” it needs to pass the enabling legisla-the editorial read. tion.

OTTAWA (&JP )-March 22 may go downas the date of the biggest labour demonstration on Parliament Hill in the history of Canada,. according to officials of the Canadain Labour Congress. The two million-member CLC hascalled on trade unionists and others opposed to the federal wage controls “to show their opposition to the government’s attitude by holding a mass demohstration March 22 on Parliament Hill, in conjunction with the presentation of the CLC’s&niual memorandum.” The “memorandum” is the annual briefgiven by the CLC to the federal government, usually dealing with major social and economic issues which organized labour feels should be given priority. There is no doubt that, this year,?he focus will be wage controls, and the labour movement’s total rejection of the program. But this won’t be the first time the “memorandum’ has dealt with this subject .Last March, the CLC’s presentation commended the Liberal government “for its continuing outright rejection of wage and price controls to combat inflation.” The CLC told the government at that timkit c&&expect workers to attempt to “catch up in I975 to compensate not only from inflation which has eroded their wages and salaries, but also to begin to redress the inequitable share of income as between wages and salaries on the one hand, and corporate and other forms of income on the other.” - That prediction proved correct, as negotiated settlements in the -_ first half of 1975 resulted in the share of national income going to wages and salaries starting to increase faster than the amount to profits, a reverse ofthe trend experienced in the previous I5 business quarters. After two business quarters in which this trend was evident, and even though wages had not caught up to the comparative position they occupied vis-a-vis profits in 197 1, the federal-government then - announced the policy of wage controls. Organized latur will make its well-known views clear z this subject in its memorandum this year; and the mass rally will be an &&cation of the degree of rank-and-file support for the CLC position. Officials with the congress do not as yet have any tabulation of how many unionists are expected to show up for the demonstration, but provincial labour federations and trade unions are all working to organize support for the demonstration. All theofficials can say at present that they are confident the demonstration will be “massive”, and of unprecendented size.

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UCC subsidized through regressive taxes OTTAWA (CUP)-As the unemployment rate for Canada increased from 5.4 to 7.1 per cent between 1974 and-1975, the total benefits paid to members of the work force who became jobless increased from $2.1 to $3.2 billion. While most of the cost increase was paid for out of government revenue last year, starting in 1976 workers and employers will have to shoulder more of the burden. Up until now, Canada’s unemployment insurance system was designed so that worker and employer contributions were expected to meet the cost of benefits up to a maximum unemployment level of 4 per cent. If the unemployment rate exceeded that level, and to the de-

Gti

gree it was exceeded, the federal government was committed to meeting the cost. This principle was written into the legislation setting up the present unemployment insurance scheme in 1971, and was based on the assumption that the fund should be “self-financing” through premiums only to accommodate “normal” levels of unemployment. Unusually high unemployment, often the result of deliberate government economic strategies or neglect, would be paid for directly by the government out of general tax revenues. “Normal” was defined as 4 per cent. Since 1971, however, unpre-

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cedented high unemployment rates have in fact. become normal, and the result has been to increase substantially the cost of unemploy-‘ ment insurance benefits borne by the federal government. By 1975, the government’sshare of the cost ($1.7 billion) was 53 per cent of the total, with the selffinancing component falling to less than half ($I.6 billion). ’ Although the original legislation would have envisioned the government being thereby stimulated

to establish policies which would favour job creation and alleviation of unemployment, the actual response was quite different. Last December, the government put through a bill which threw out the concept of a “normal” unemployment rate based on the past eight years. At the same time,premiums paid by employers and employees were raised 18 per cent. According to Unemployment Insurance Commission officials, the new averaging system means that,

The need for workers to organize themselves, and the question of strikes in the public sector are just two of the issues which will be discussed by union representatives at a public forum entitled “Organized Workers Speak Out” to be held here Tuesday, March 16. - The Canadian Union of Postal Workers, the Ontario Secondary Teachers’ Federation and the Union of Injured Workers will be represented at this meeting which is-being sponsored by the students of Community Organizing II (Social Work 322R) at Renison College . Both the Canadian Union of Postal Workers and the Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation (Metro Toronto branch) have been engaged in strikes recently, and both have expressed angry mopposition to the AntiInflation Board’s restrictions* on wage increases. The Union of Injured Workers, has grown rapidly since its founding in May 1974, and recently a local was formed in the Twin Cities.

This local is just getting off the ground, so the representative speaking at the forum is coming from the Hamilton branch of the UIW, which has been organized for a longer period of time. The meeting will be held in EL 103 at 8 p.m. -nina

tymoszewicz

in 1976, premiums will have to cover all costs up to a 5.6 per cent unemployment rate, compared to the previous 4 per cent level. Assuming an actual unemployment rate of 7.0 per cent, off&is estimate that government’s share of the total cost will be reduced to 38 per cent, from 53 per cent last year. But this reduction in government support does not mean Canadians will save money. How much is paid to people who become jobless is related to the number ofjobless and how much they are paid, not to the method used to raise the money needed. All that has changed is that more of the cost will be met from premium revenue, which is a “regressive” form of taxation since it is not geared to income or profit levels. And less will come from general tax revenues, which are raised on a comparatively progressive basis. Thus, one component of the high cost of unemployment to Canadians-support payments to those who become jobless-has been further shifted onto those who can least afford it. n

Less summer lobs fimwoves the-market’ I

OTTAWA (CUP)-The federal government eliminated the Opportunities for Youth program and reduced its summer job creation from 49,000 in 1975 to 12,000 this summer to achieve “improved conditions for the summer job market.” This was the response of manpower minister Robert Andras to the criticism by the National Union of Students of the federal cutbacks in student summer employment. In a letter to NUS, Andras said the decision to terminate OFY

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“should be understood in the context of over-all economic policies” directed towards “encouraging restraint on the part of all Canadians, including the government sector,.” Reductions in government spending, including spending on summer jobs, will lead to the “amelioration of general economic conditions” which will “in the intermediate and long run” improve ” the student summer labour market, the letter states. The only area in which the federal government will be stepping up its summer employment efforts will be “to. stimulate employment in private industry by intensifying the Hire-a-Student advertising cam-

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friday,

the chevron

12, 1976

march

Cultures collide over land Should development of Canada’s north be dictated by the financiers on Bay Street and the oil magnates in Washington, or should it be controlled by the people who have lived on the land for centuries? That is one of the major questions Canadians face. As the US oil monopolies and the Canadian government eye the rich land in the far north, the inhabitants are organizing to protect cultures and lifestyles which they value far above money or mineral wealth. They live off only what the land can afford to give, and they are not willing to allow others to come in, exploit it, and destroy their society. Spokespersons for the native

N.W.T. land Settlements-let’s A land settlement is a unique opportunity to bring the Indian people into the economic, social, and political mosaic qf‘ Canada in a way that would be a sburce qf‘pride to all Canadians. Indian

welcomed to the Twin Cities by Waterloo mayor Herb Epp. Kitchener mayor Edith MacIntosh was also on hand to read a statement of support for the native peoples land claims which was passed by her council. The people of the north are: the Inuit who are the eskimos, and the Dene who are indians, including status, non-status and metis. Both the Inuit and the Dene people are claiming land by aboriginal title-on the basis that they have traditionally used and occupied the area since time immemorial. Mason explained, to the audience of abo-ut 75 people, that though the Inuit are willing to share

people of the north were on campus on Tuesday to explain their positions. The meeting was part of a national campaign organized to allow the native people an opportunity to present their case to southern Canadians. The campaign, called “Native Land Settlements Week”, was sponsored by the Canadian Association in Support of the Native Peoples, in co-operation with churchgroups and organized labor. Ken Mason, an information officer with the Inuit Tapirisit of Canada, and Phoebe Nahanne, a field workers with the Indian Brotherhood of the N.W.T. were

Brotherhood

qf‘ the N. W. T.

Take a Closer look

(The lnuit) want the opport1mit.y to run their own qlfbirs. the lnrrit want is not real1.v much d(#krent ,f?om what

lnuit

Tapirisat

qf’ Canada

WHAT DO THE NATIVE PEOPLE WANT?

WHO ARE THE PEOPLE OF THE NORTH lnuit

What most

Canadians already take ,fbr granted. . . . , . The lnlrit are not separatiits. They are Canadians. But they don ‘t want to be colonial subjects. They want to be partners in Confkderation.

(Eskimos) -present population about 13,500 in the N.W.T. -most of the population in the central and eastern N.W.T. -represented nationally by the lnuit Tapirisat of Canada

Dene

lnuit

-A

substantial portion of land sufficient to guarantee the integrity pf their communities and an economic base for their future; -the choice to sustain their traditional hunting and trapping activities and to have some measure of control over resource development through self-governing institutions.

their land with other Canadians they are not willing to sell it. The Inuit, he said, are the first native people to take the initiative and present a claim to the govemment, rather than wait for the government to arrive with ‘money. Though they have traditisnally occupied 750,000 square miles, Mason said they are claiming only ‘250,000, which they consider sufficient to ensure their survival. He said they are willing to allow oil exploration provided they can collect royalities. They will take the chance that there is no oil but the emphasis, he said, is on protection of the land. Mason said the Inuit have always been friendly to people entering their land, but warned that this could change, and if Canadians have learned anything from his tory, they will take this bhance to settle. Nahanne explained the position of the Dene people, who have deglared themselves a nation and are seeking independence and self determination within Canada. (see last week’s chevron.) The people of the north do not live in a wage economy. They live off the land and they need a lot of land, Nahanne explained,, because the animals they hunt require a lot of land. The people are fed up with the government and the corporations just going ahead with development without consulting t,hem. The federal government’s idea of local government was to ship a

non-Native

-a

small percentage have made the north their ho&. -a greater proportion are there on a short term basis as employees of the govern men t, corporations etc. -This group has controlled the government and resource development of the N.W.T. to date.

Dene

-neil

Put simply, it is the property rights lands which ihey have traditionally from time immemorial.

Sekine ,

Inuit

claim

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-Based on aboriginal title -No treaties were ever signed by nor were they conquered in war.

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READING

GRADUATION ,PORTRAiT SPECIAL /’

Brody, Hugh. This People’s land. Penguin Books, 1975. Cumming, Peter and Mickenberg, Neil. Native Rights in Canada. Canadian Association in Support of the Native Peoples, and General Publishing, 1972. Fumoleau. Rene. As long as this Land shall Last. Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1975. McCuilum, Hugh and Karmel. This land is not for Sale. Toronto, Anglican Book Centre, 1975. Hoople, Joanne. And what about Canada’s Native People. Canadian Association in Support of the Native Peoples. Ottawa, 1976. Native Land Settlements. Canadian Association in Support of the Native Peoples BULLETIN. March, 1976.

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Based on aboriginal title. -Although Treaties were signed by the Dene (Treaty 8 in 1899 and 11 in 1921), the validity of these Treaties is questioned. Dene people \have testified that they believed the treaties to be only of peace and friendship.

84 C

Raleigh

of native people over used and occupied

BASIS OF THE NATIVE CLAIMS IN THE N.W.T. Dene

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-Self determination, by which they mean the right to govern themselves through institutions of their choice; -guaranteed long term political security, by which they mean the assurance of a land base sufficient to allow some degree of control over future political and economic development in the North; -Economic independence through a resource base that would enable them to develop economic alternatives to fit their needs and desires and free them from future dependence on welfare. -cultural survival, by which they mean r,ecogni[ion of the Dene as a culturally distinct people free to determine their own cultural development within the Canadian framework.

WHA? IS ABORIGINAL TITLE? -

massive bureaucracy from Ottawa to Yellowknife. But bureaucracy is a bureaucracy no matter where you place it and the people of the north don’t understand how it works. It does not serve their interest, she said. They want control of the land; organizations which they understand; and development which they initiate. Any exploration on their ,land, she said must be initiated and controlled by the Dene people. Most of the people live along the , MacKenzie valley and that, of course, is the proposed route for a pipeline from the north. The Indi’ans are presenting briefs to the Berger commission which is investigating the feasibility and impact of the pipeline. Nahanne encouraged people to present briefs to the commission when it tours Canada’s major cities in June. She said the government has pressured the Indians to negotiate their land settlement in November. .They would have preferred a later date, she said, because it is difficult for the brotherhood to meet the people who go hunting and often don’t return to their community until May. Nahanne was asked what happens if the government doesn’t accept their land claims? “I really don’t know,” she said, but referred to some of the militant statements Justice Berger heard from the people.

(Indians) -descendants of the 5 original tribes of the N.W.T. -traditional lands along the MacKenzie Valley -present population approximately 17,000 (7,000 status Indians, 10,000 Metis and nonstatus Indians) -represented respectively by the Indian Brotherhood of the N.W.T. and the Metis Assoc. of the N.W.T. -the two Dene organizations are preparing a joint land settlement proposal

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DON’T

The Inuit requests are designed OTTAWA (CUP)-The Inuit land identity and settlement proposal, calling for na- to help preserve.Inuit traditional lifestyle. But, the ITC is tive ownership of 250,000 square miles of land and the creation of a also concerned that the Inuit be allowed to participate in the governnew Federal -territory called ing of the north and of all Canada on Nunavut, was presented to Prime an equal footing with the rest of the Minister Trudeau and his Cabinet Feb. 27, by the Inuit Tapirisat of population. “We want to be self-sufficient Canada. rather than having ‘to rely on the In addition to the new territory generosity of southern Canaand land ownership, the Inuit asked for exclusive hunting, fishing and dians,” Arvaluk told the cabinet. “We are no longer satisified to be trapping rights in their traditional colonial subjects. We want to lands north of the treeline, a three handle our own affairs, just as the per cent royalty on all subsurface people in southern Canada do.” and offshore resource extraction, a The Inuit settlement proposal social and economic program and or bebetter planning~and management of also calls for compensation nefits in exchange for extinguishpublic lands. ment of Inuit claims, and measures - ‘ ‘In our proposal, we ask for outto preserve the Arctic environright ownership of 250,000 square miles of land for the Inuit,” said ment. ITC President James Arvaluk, who New territory made the presentation. “We didn’t just pull that figure The creation of a new territory, out of a hat to use it for an initial which would be called “Nunavut”, bargaining position. This represmeaning “our land” is perhaps the ents the absolute minimum amount most striking of the settlement of land the Inuit require to preserve proposals. The territory would be what is left of their culture, identity one way of allowing the Inuit to and way of life, and at the same participate more fully in Canadian time provide a fair means to enable society, according to the ITC. the Inuit to integrate into Canadian “In brief,” says the 61-page society as equal participants. ’ ’ summary of the land settlement Prime minister Pierre Trudeau proposal given to the government, promised to ‘ ‘study the proposal “the basic idea is to create a territvery attentively.” But he refused ory, the vast majority of people to commit the government to a within which, will be Inuit. further meeting in three months to “‘As such, this territory and its ratify an agreement in principle, as institutions will better reflect Inuit the ITC requested. values and perspectives than the “We will do our best to respond present Northwest Territories. with every care and a sense of The Inuit should have actual conurgency,” the Prime Minister said. through their voting power, at “But this matter is so grave we trol least for the foreseeable future.” cannot fix a date for the next meetInuktitut, English and French ing.” would be the official languages in the Territory. And commissioners Profits of the food, medical would have to be fluent in Inuktitut and drug interests are up and English. Commissioners would -and rising, the health of be chosen from the members of an most Canadians is down Inuit community corporation, and -and dropping. . would have to be acceptable to the majority of the community corpoWhy? ration.

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12, 1976

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CorporaAn Inuit Development tion would be orgamzed to administer royalty funds and set up business in the north. The royalty money, says the ITC proposal, would be used to fund Inuit participation in business and provide funds to support programs to enhance Inuit culture. “The percentage is reasonable and fair,” says the ITC proposal, “and involves no disbursement from the federal treasury.” “The nature of the suggested settlement Proposal tends to involve the Inuit more intimately in the changing Northern society-it does not make them the quasiwelfare recipients of a cash transfer whit h serve no useful function, and which tends only to exclude them from their lands and what happens to those lands.” Socio-economic programs which would be established as part of the settlement would include a Fur Marketing Agency, which would act as a wholesale outlet; programs to assist hunters and trappers, an Inuit Housing Corporation to subsidize new and renovated housing, an Inuit Food and Health Plan, Transportation Project, Education Project and Communications Program.

No land claim “We do not regard this proposal as a land claim,“’ Arvaluk said during the presentation to Trudeau. “As we see it, the Inuit are not ‘claiming’ anything. Rather, we are offering to share our land with the rest of the Canadian population in return for a recognition of rights and a say in the way the land is used and developed. “This is not separatism. We are not calling for the establishment of a sovereign state. We are simply asking you to help us to take the first step in the direction of regional self-government. . . the kind of self-government that will be responsible to the needs of the Inuit who are present make up the majority of the population. Land ownership “We are seldom consulted beThe Inuit need 250,000 square fore decisions are made which afmiles of land for four major fect our future. More often, we are reasons, according to the ITC informed after the fact. proposal. The land would help the ‘ ‘Seismic exploration, pipeline Inuit to retain their “land-based surveys, prospectors flying around identity”. in helicopters are already disturbIt would aid the people in proing the traditional migratory pattecting their hunting, fishing and terns of animals on the land and in trapping activities and allow them the sea. We complain, we beg to be to control development. Ownerconsulted. Sometimes lip service is ship would enable the Inuit to conpaid to consultation, but the work trol ‘the nature and extent of comgoes on anyway, and in effect our munity growth. pleas are ignored. And, says the ITC proposal, it “That’s why there is urgency in would involve the Inuit in dereaching an agreement with the velopment activities through greaInuit. There is pressure on us in ter participation. virtually every comer of- our vast. Under the terms ITC is proposland. We are concerned about ing, eachcommunity would be entioffshore seismic exploration. The tled to 2,500 to 8,500 square miles environment of the Mackenzie of land. The amount would be deDelta region is threatened.” termined by ITC, based on the “This proposal would enable my amount of land effectively used. people to become a part of ConfedAny land claimed by ITC would eration,” commented director of exclude important mining operaland claims John Amagoahk. tions and military bases which are Tagak Curley, former ITC Presalready in existence. But any new ident, who began the process leaddevelopment resulting in gross an- ing up to. today’s presentation six nual revenues of $100,000 or more years ago, said Canada can create a would be subject to approval by the new type of society in the north Inuit Development Corporation, a +ne that functions according to group which could make their ap- the wishes of the majority. proval conditional on Inuit social Trudeau said he was impressed and economic participation, workwith the magnitude of the question ing conditions and 1environmental of the land settlement. The Canafactors. dian government had never been Proposals dealing with Inuit asked to solve a problem of the hunting, fishing and trapping rights same magnitude before, he said. would have Hunters and Trappers The government would consider Committees and a Council on the ITC proposal with great care, Game setting quotas on certain ‘Trudeau claimed, because the soluspecies of animals. tion would have to be a long term Only Inuit would possess rights to ,one. Trudeau committed the governhunt marine animals, polar bear and musk ox. ,4nd the ITC requests ment to further meetings with ITC that the Inuit be exempt fromthe on the land settlement, then invited terms of Migratory Birds Conventhe Inuit present to visit the House tion Act, which many hunters are of Commons. -collin gribbons not obeying now.

friday,

march

the chevron

12, 1976

Medical Nemesis

The expropriation Reprinted below are excerpts from the new book “Medical Nemesis” by /van lllich, a world renowned critic of those aspects of modern society which he regards as oppressive or destructive. “Medica/ Nemesis” is a first draft in which ///ich offers the reader an opportunity to participate critically in shaping his ideas before they take on a definitive form. Readers are invited to write direct/y to: /van Illich, ClDOC, Apdo. 479, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico. The article is reprinted from the Critical List.

The medical establishment has become a major threat to health. Dependence on professional health care affects all social relations. In rich countries medical colonization has reached sickening proportions; poor countries are quickly following suit. A professional and physician-based health-care system which has grown beyond tolerable bounds is sickening for three reasons: It must produce clinical damages which outweigh its potential benefits; it cannot but obscure the political conditions which render society unhealthy; and it tends to expropriate the power of the individual to heal himself and to shape his or her environment. The medical and para-medical monopoly over hygienic methodology and technology is a glaring example of the political misuse of

scientific achievements to strengthen industrial rather than personal growth. Such medicine is but a device to convince those who are sick and tired of society that it is they who are ill, impotent and in need of technical repair. . . . The diseases afflicting Western societies have undergone dramatic changes. In the course of a century, so many mass killers have vanished that two-thirds of all deaths are now associated with the diseases of old age. .Those who die young, are more often than not victims of accidents, violence and suicide. These changes in health status are generally equated with progress and are attributed to more or better medical care. In fact, there is no evidence of any direct relation between this mutation of sickness and the so-called progress of medicine. In addition, an expanding proportion of the new disease burden of the last 15 years is itself the result of medical intervention in favour of people who are or might become sick: (1) The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy; (2) the insignificance of most contemporary clinical care in the curing of disease; (3) the magnitude of medically inflicted damage to health; and (4) the futility of medical counter-measures to sickening medical care are all obvious, welldocumented-and well repressed. Doctor’s effectiveness is an illusion. The study of the evolution of disease patterns provides evidence that during the last century doctors have affected such patterns no more profoundly than did priests during earlier times. Epidemics came and went, imprecated by both and untouched by either. They are not modified any more decisively by the rituals performed in medical clinics than by the exorcisms customary at religious shrines. . . The professional practice of physicians cannot be credited with the elimination of old forms of mortality, nor ought it to be

of health

blamed for the increased expectancy of life spent suffering from the new diseases. Analysis of disease trends shows that the environment is the primary determinant of the state of general health of any population. Food, housing, working conditions, neighbourhood cohesion, as well as the cultural mechanisms which make it possible to keep the population stable, play the decisive role in determining how healthy Igrown-ups feel and at what age adults tend to die. As older pathogens fade a new kind of malnutrition is becoming the most rapidly expanding modern epidemic: one-third of humanity survives on a level of undernourishment which would formerly have been lethal while more and more people absorb poisons and mutagens in their food.. . Awe-inspiring medical technology has combined with egalitarian rhetoric to create the dangerous delusion that contemporary medicine is highly effective. Although contemporary medical practice is built on this erroneous assumption, it is contradicted by informed medical opinion. . . Skin cancer treatment is highly effective. We lack clear evidence for effective treatment of all other cancers. Breast cancer is the most common form. The five-year survival rate is 50 percent no matter with what frequency medical check-ups are performed and no matter what treatment is used. It has not been shown that this rate differs from that of untreated cancer.

A national survey indicates that accidents were the major cause of death in U.S. children, and that these accidents occurred more often in hospitals than in any other kind of place. University hospitals are relatively more pathogenic, or, in blunt language, more sickening. It has been established that one out of every five patients admitted to a typical research hospital acquires an iatrogenic (doctor caused) disease, sometimes trivial, usually requiring special treatment, and in one case in 30 leading to death. Half of these episodes resulted from the complications of drug therapy; amazingly, one in 10 came from diagnostic procedures. In the category of clinical iatrogenesis I include not only those damages that doctors

thowh nracticing ._~~~ to stress -Al--_--_ -.~-- =-.- _-----a doctors - ----~- tend the importance of early detection and treatment of this and several other types of cancer, epidemiologists have begun to doubt if early intervention would alter survival rates . . . Medicines have always been potentially poisonous, but their unwanted side-effects have increased with their effectiveness and widespread use. Every 24 to 36 hours from 50 percent to 80 percent of adults in the U.S. and the U.K. swallow a medically prescribed chemical. Some take a wrong drug, others get a contaminated or old batch, others a counterfeit, others take several drugs which are dangerous combinations, others receive injections with improperly

inflict with the intent of curing the natient or of exploiting him, but also &se oiher torts which result from the doctor’s attempt to protect himself against the patient’s eventual suit of malpractice . . . On the third level, the so-called health professions have an even deeper, structurally health-denying effect insofar as they destroy the potential of people to deal with their human weakness, vulnerability and uniqueness in a personal and autonomous way.. . I will designate this self-reinforcing loop of negative institutional feedback by its classical Greek equivalent and call it medical nemesis . . . Medical nemesis is resistant to medical care. It can be reversed only through a recovery of mutual self-care by the

_ _ _ _ L -

sterilized syringes or brittle needles. . . The U.S. Department of Health calculates that 7 percent of all patients suffer compensatable injuries while hospitalized, though few of them do anything about it. Moreover, the average frequency of reported accidents in hospitals was higher than in all industries but mines and high-rise construction.

laity, and the legal, political and institutional recognition of this right to care . . . I am not dealing with alternatives to any one medical technique, doctrine or organization, but with the alternative to this whole social enterprise and its allied bureaucrats and illusions . . . It is now only a matter of time before the majority of patients find out what epidemiological research discovers: most of the time they would have been better off suffering without recourse to medicine. . . One simple and obvious measure for the medicalization of life is the rising share of national budgets spent at the behest of doctors. . . The rate of increase can be explained by rising costs of hospital care. The cost of keeping a patient for one day in a community hospital in the U.S. has risen 500 percent since 1950. The bill for patient care in major hospitals rose even faster; it tripled in eight years. It is ironic, therefore, that during this unique boom the U.S. witnessed another parallel event, also unprecedented in any industrial society: the life expectancy for adult American males declined, and is expected to decline even further. . . More health damages are caused by the belief of people that they cannot cope with illness without modern medicines than by doctors who foist their ministrations on the patients . . . U.S. physicians receive their most intensive in-service training from agents of the chemical industry. On each of the 350,000 practicing physicians, the industry spent in advertising 1972 $4,500 on and promotion. .. Instead of mobilizing the patient’s selfhealing powers, modern medical magic turns the patient into a limp and mystified voyeur.. . . Whether contemporary doctors intend to or not, they perform as priests, magicians and agents of the political establishment. .. Medical Nemesis is more than all political iatrogeneses put together, more than the sum of malpractice, negligence, professional callousness, political maldistribution, medically decreed disability and all the consequences of medical trial and error. It is the expropriation of man’s coping ability by a maintenance service which keeps him geared up at the service of the industrial system. . . No matter how thoroughly the medicalindustrial complex is controlled or even curtailed, this limitation on one major industry cannot stem industrial nemesis . . . And since medicine is a sacred cow-, its slaughter would have a “vibration effect”: people who can face suffering and death without need for magicians and mystagogues are free to rebel against other forms of expropriation now practised by teachers, engineers, lawyers, priests, and party officials . . . The need -for specialized, professional health care beyond a certain point can be taken as an indicator of the unhealthy goals pursued by society. . . That society which can reduce professional intervention to the minimum will provide the best condition for health.

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friday, ~march 12, 1976

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12, 1976

“Be// Canada expects to save about $53 million in its 7976 wage costs as a result of the federal income control program...The over-all result of the federal program...will be to increase Bell’s profits for 7976 to $22 million.”

S Vhy wage and price controls? “To stop inflation!” cry rudeau and the liberals. But Arnold Webster, when quek oned about the purpose of the US control program he had dministered in the ear/y 70’s admitted that: “The idea of the .eeze and phase II was to zap labour. And we did. I’ Trudeau, imself, admitted as much when, campaigning against Stan field -I 1974, he told a Timmins, Ontario, audience that controk ould only be applied effectively to workers wages since execuves and corporations would find it easy to creep through x>pholes in any control legislation. The following article takes a look at wage controls as aplied to Canada. The authors are Cy Conick, a political conomy professor at the University of Manitoba and author d “Inflation oi Depression” and “inflation and Wage Con*ol”, and Leo Panitch, author of the pamphlet “Wage ConThe article is reprinted from Canadian vol and Workers”. limension magazine.

Reaction to the Liberal anti-inflation program is undertandably varied and confused. Small businessmen welcome it. The corporate establishnent accepts it with some hesitation. Both however are vaiting to see whether the federal government is serious .bout cutting down its own expenditures. Unions are convinced that it will not be applied fairly. vlost Canadians agree that something has to be done to h& tiation but they also have a strong suspicion that this brogram does not spread the burden evenly. Why did Pierre Trudeau become a convert to wage and irice controls last fall after having campaigned vigorously gains t it in 1974? We do not have a conculsive answer to this question but re can suggest a few possibilities that reveal much about he formation of government policy and go some distance in xplaining the varied response that the program has reeived.

“It

means we’ll have no more helicopter picnics, trips to Europe, pool-side parties, vacations in the Caribbean, skiing at winter spas...”

Who Benefits

From

Total national income Corporate profits Interest Net farm income Unincorporated business Wages, salaries and supplementary labour income

leventh

Annual

Review).

Indeed, 1974’s price rise gave capitalists the largest share If national income they have received in a quarter of a entury . The losers were workers locked in two or three year ollective agreements, the two-thirds of the labor force that emain unorganized, whose wages perennially drag after rices, people on fixed incomes who are always squeezed uring periods of rapidly rising prices, and small businesses. As the table demonstrates, while corporate profits were sing over twice as fast as the national incomes between 971 and 1974 and interest payments were rising qne and

- Phase 1 1974 % Increase of current dollars) 140.9 51.5 18.3 110.3 7.0 84.2 3.7 131.3 7.3 1 21.7

,51.4

76.0

Total national income Corporate profits I Merest Net farm income Unincorporated business Wages, salaries and supplementary labour income

- Inflation 1974 (billions

47.8

140.9 18.3 7.0 3.7 7.3 76.0;

- Ph& II 1975 % Increase of current dollars) second quarter 150.3 6.7 17.0 -7.3 7.5 7.1 3.2 -13.5 ~ - 7.8 6.8 84.9

11.7

Nevertheless the tide had turned. By early 1975 wage and salaries, on the average, were rising by more than prices. With world capitalism stuck in a major recession and international competition becoming keen, businesses were less able to pass wage increases on to consumers. Profits began to be squeezed. That which was inconceivable a year earlier suddenly became essential. Notable in the timing of the legislation is that from the time of its announcement in mid October to year-end, 500,000 workers were due to sign new contracts and nearly a millioq more are scheduled to negotiate in 1976. Slashing the income gainS of a million and a half wageearners, a fifth of the Canadian labor force, in the space of 15

Why Canada? 4

the boom

Inflation strikes unevenly upon the population. Not only joes it have a varied effect on different sections of the lopulation at any one time, but its relative impact can hange over time. In its early phase, beginning in 1972, the big gainers were he large corporations. The level of corporate profits more han doubled between 1970 and 1974, rising from $8.7 billion o $18.3 billion. Corporate profit rose by 32 per cent in 1974 In top of a 36 per cent rise in 1973, a 21 per cent rise in 1972 nd a 16 per cent rise in 197 1. (Even after tax and excluding nventory gains, corporate profits rose by 25 per cent in 1973 nd 24 per cent in 1972-(Economic Council of Canada,

inflation? 1971 (billions 93.5 8.7 3.8 1.6 6.0

By the end of 1973, the average Canadian worker was losing $5.50 a week in real purchasing power compared to a year earlier. There was no talk then of a legislated wage and price controls-except by the Quixotic Robert Stanfield. Wages were being adequately restrained while inflation was rewarding the corporate sector handsomely. As organized labor became unglued to existing contracts late in 1974 it naturally demanded wages related toinflation. Some unions were able to win new contracts that gained back some of the losses to inflation of the previous years. Most union members never did recover past losses. Neither of course did the two-thirds of the labor force that are not members of unions. The Tide Turns

Lowering

months, would no doubt make a contribution to sagging corporate profits. Notable too was the recent departure from the federal cabinet of John Turner, favorite son of the corporate establishment. Corporate executives were clearly dismayed at the prospect that he would no longer be at the financial helm to give expression to their interests. The sombre men who run our banks and branch-plants have never felt at ease with the exotic Pierre Trudeau. More important, they felt that they could not take him for granted when the chips were down. They gave notice that they might be prepared to support Turner for the leadership of the Liberal Party, or the Conservative Party for that matter. Trudeau had to act swiftly to make a claim for their confidence, while at the same time demonstrating to the people at large that he was prepared to act decisively to deal with inflation.

two-thirds times as fast, wages and Sal&es did not keep pace and neither did the income of small business. (It should be noted in passing that the statistical category “wages, salaries and supplementory labour income” includes the over-bloated salaries of senior management and corporation executives and also includes various amounts of income not actually received by workers. Moreover, at least a part of labour income is dwing to the increase in the size of the paid work force. These factors tend to overstate the gains made by ordinary wage and salary workers.)

These are important clues that help explain why controls were introduced at this time. Yet, why in Canada? Why has the rest of the capitalist world, save England, escaped such an awkward and clumsy solution? Why not Japan, the U.S.A., France or troubled Italy? The answer is that the leaders of these countries chose the classical route to dampen inflation. They deliberately depressed their economies by a variety of measures designed to slow down spiraling prices and create heavy unemployment. While they were desperately deflating their economies, Trudeau’s Liberals chose to turn their back on the inflation as an international phenomenon, their claim was that the government of Canada could do nothing effective to control it. Besides easing up slightly on the supply of money, they went no further than moderating the impact of inflation by a variety of devices forced upon them by their NDP rump in the 29th Parliament pensions were raised and indexed to the cost of living, income taxes indexed as well, subsidies paid to keep down the price of milk; baby bonuses raised, and a two-price system established for oil and wheat to isolate Canadians somewhat from the ravages of the international food and energy crises. John Turner’s 1974 budget delivered a few crumbs to the average Canadian in the form of a small break in income taxes. Its real thrust was to put large sums of money into the hands of investors . One billion of the 4 billion-dollar increase in 1973 corporate profits came from John Turner’s tax concessions. The rate of tax on corporation profits was cut from 49 per cent to 40 per cent, the largest business tax cut in 25 years. Turner also allowed corporations to write off the capital cost of manufacturing machinery and equipment in two years. As an example, where previously a manufacturing company purchasing a machine worth $100,000 could reduce its taxable profits in the first year by $20,000, Turner lets them reduce taxable profits by $50,000, a saving for the company of $30,000. While the 1975 budget offered little change in the structure of income taxes, it continued in this regressive pattern. The tax on gasoline added about $100.00 a year for every motorist. The increased price of natural gas and heating added about $65.00 to the heating bills of households. continued

on page

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control

&Gtinued from page 13 Employees’ contributions to the Unemployment I Insurance Commission rose by about $25.00 to $35.00 a year under the revised financing formula in . which the federal government abandoned the four per cent unemployment rate beyond which it formerly contributed to the UIC. Ceilings placed on federal contributions to health care services will undoubtedly force provincial governments to raise their taxes in order to finance health needs. While socking it to Canadian workers, the 1975 budget offered still more benefits to the business community, including a new five per cent tax credit on new investments, a new 25 per cent tax reduction from income earned in petroleum and mineral resource productions and a cut in the corporation resources tax from 50 per cent to 46 per cent. As well, the 15 percent witholding tax on corporate bond interest to holders outside Canada was removed, making it easier for larger corporations to borrow in New York.

Ottawa’s theory

Ottawa’s theory: fight inflation with meanwhile would sion with Canadian their government

let the U.S. and other-countries their restrictive policies. Canada sail through the world-wide recescorporations being backed up by with a variety of tax breaks to

Billion $ 70

chose to ride with the inflationary waves and subsequently face the consequence of a raging inflation, a raging recession and continuously worsening trade balances. Faced with these conditions, partly of his own making, the then Liberal finance minister had three options: adopt a very restrictive fiscal and monetary policy that would deliberately reduce the level of production and employment; impose direct controls ‘ over wages and incomes; or with these as bargaining weapons, persuade Canadian workers to accept voluntary wage restraints. These are the kinds of choices that will arise again and again in Ottawa and other capitals as the crisis develops in the years ahead. Having failed in his efforts to pressure Canadian workers to accept voluntary restraints, Turner also failed to persuade the Liberal cabinet to implement a program of legislated controlsj and he dismissed as politically suicidal a severe deflationary budget. Complete paralysis was avoided when the govemment committed itself to setting an example in the field of wage settlements with federal civil servants. With corporations complaining that high settlements in the public sector have set\ the pace for industry, “a tighter fist at the Treasury Board will provide the main thrust of his support for fellow employers in the private sector,” according to the Financial Post’s post mortem on the 1975 budget. But he also injected new restrictions in the Unemployment Insurance Act to “create a greater incen-

United States-

CORP6RATION PROFITS (after taxes)

60 55

1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19701971 Source:

Survey

are quarterly as computed icial National

of Current Business, variaus’ issues. These at annual rates and seasonally adjusted, by the Department of Commerce for its offIncome estimatk.

data,

induce them to invest in added productive capacity. It was a short-sighted policy fraught with contradictions which were bound to surface. The chickens came home to roost mid-way through 1975 as the rest of the capitalist world was beginning to emerge from the recession and prepare for recovery. By sustaining economic growth even after prices had accelerated to the double-digit level Ottawa did not subject the country to the economic ‘ ‘discipline” that comes with declining economic activity. Inefficient businesses were allowed to prosper. Continual growth strengthened labor’s bargaining position. The mildness of the recession here (by comparision to that in other countries) meant that Canada was operating at closer to full capacity than was the case in other countries. Canada was thus bound to run into capacity shortages sooner than elsewhere as economic recovery set in. By introducing two-price systems for oil and natural gas, the government was able to delay the rise in domestic fuel prices temporarily. There was no reason to believe that the oil companies would accept the resulting lower returns indefinitely. As they threatened to reduce their investment, the government had the choice of replacing them with publicly-owned enterprises or abandoning the twoprice system. It was bound to choose the latter option. The country faced a rise in fuel costs that would add at least two percentage points to the consumer price index at a time when consumers in Europe and Japan and to a lesser extent the U.S.A. had already absorbed the increased price in fuel. In sum, while other governments accepted the need to engineer sharp declines in economic activity and have been at least partially successful in dampening internal inflationary pressures, our government

tive to remain at work or to search more actively for a job.” The Liberals chose to sit out the inflationary round in the. hope of avoiding the world-wide recession. A recession came anyway, largely imported from the United States. The capitalist economy has its own laws of development whichgovernments can attempt to influence, for better or for worse, but cannot undo or ignore, as our Liberal government came to discover.

Profit is the key There has been so much confusion about the motivations that lay behind the introduction of Trudeau’s “anti-inflation” program, that further emphasis is warranted. Increased wage costs has been singled out as the major cause of inflation. Yet as most everybody concedes, the inflationary wave began over three years ago when food prices rose by 20 per cent, followed by a general rise in prices of most commodities that were in short supply. Working people were clearly the victims of that inflation, not its cause and only began catching up towards the end of 1974. The single statistic that stands out in recent months as the key to the Liberal’s sudden conversion to a control program is the 9.3 per cent drop in corporate profits in the second half of 1975 compared to the first half. Beneath this single statistic lies the more profound changes in the share of nation income going to wages and salaries as against profits. By the second quarter of 1975 wages and salaries were accounting for 70.8 per cent of the national income, up from 67 per cent a year earlier. Meanwhile share going to profits had fallen from 16.8 per cent to 14 per cent.

1975 marked ‘an economic turnaround. For 15 previous business quarters, while most organized workers were tied to two and three year collective agreements, profits increased relative to wages. In 1971 wages and salaries accounted for 72.4 per cent of the national income while profits took 12 per cent. By 1974 labor’s share had dropped to 67.9 per cent while corporate profits rose to 16.1 per cent. In dollar terms, between 1971 and 1974 corporate profits increased from $8.6 billion to $18.3 billion, or 111 per cent. In the same period wages and salaries increased by pnly 25 per cent. The turnabout in the first half of 1975 “cost” the corporate establishment about $4 billion. This is the dollar value that shifted from corporate profits to wages and salaries as a result of the renewed militancy of organized labor. With large contracts coming due, particularly in the public sector, the government was forced to ‘move quickly to dam the flow.

that great depress But, caught in tl ness establishmen this reason that 1 intervene to redu emment legislatio There can be I disguised, purpos Indeed, there coul cause the govern1 By focusing on cerned with, and labor to those prc deteriorating Can: ter appreciate the in economic polic As government admit, their measl tion. They will car incomes as mone ceived as wages \;

Ma Bell slips a bit One indication of the impact of the control package came in an announcement made by Bell Canada. According to a story filed by the Ottawa Citizen (Oct. 30,1975): “Bell Canada expects to save about $53 million in its 1976 wage costs as a result of the federal income control program. . . The over-all result of the federal program,-assuming there are no changes, will be to increase Bell’s profits for 1976 to $22 million.” It is no wonder that on Dec. 10, finance minister Macdonald announced he was widening the terms of reference of the Control Board to include firms other than the 1,500 he originally designated. When smaller companies realized the bonanza that they were missing by being left out of the program, they lined up outside of his door demanding to be “controlled” ! National goals are stated in terms of maintaining full employment, price stability and regional equality-but these ‘are clearly subsidiary goals to the main one of protecting corporate profits. Profit-making is what capitalism is all about. It is ultimately what government policy is all about. All other reference is so much facade. For the overrid: ing and ultimate purpose of all governments that administer capitalist economies is to preserve and strengthen capitalism itself. That means, in particular, promoting the welfare of the giant corporations that define and shape the economy. As their welfare is best measured by their profits, the basic concern is to promote these profits. Other claims, such as full employment, health and welfare programs and price stability are not entirely ignored. They are accepted or rejected, advanced or retarded depending on their compatability with profit-making. If a goal of full employment stands in the way of rising corporation profit, for example, it will be dispensed with. If, on the other hand, serious social demands can be pacified by extending a welfare program, thereby diffusing a possible threat to the system itself, it will receive serious consideration. Then if such programs are placing a strain on the corporate tax load, they will be reduced or delayed more likely than not. The announced reduction of the federal government’s commitment to the national health plan and postponement of the guaranteed annual income are cases in point. In the post-World War Two era corporate profits have been promoted through high employment and growth policies. These have consisted mainly of monetary and fiscal policies designed to achieve increased spending for goods and services, which however, has been kept within bounds so as not to generate what are termed “excessive” or “unreasonable” wage demands. On the average this has meant maintaining an average official unemployment rate of about five per cent-or seven to eight per cent when involuntary part-time employment and labor force dropouts are accounted for. Through much of the post-war period a considerable pool of unemployed men and women has been deliberately preserved to moderate wage demands and discipline the work force. It is the failure of these traditional measures to protect corporate profits which has called forth the new economic policy. Despite the reserve of unemployed, organized labor has in recent months been able to win wage increases in excess of productivity ? gains. To restore their, profits, such increases require corporations to raise their prices. But in the light of the world-wide recession, this has become more and more difficult for them to do. Thus the squeeze on profits. In its early phase, double-digit inflation served corporate interests very well, with most unions trapped in multi-year contracts. In its later phase, with many unions demanding wages that would compensate their members for past losses and anticipated future losses, it is the corporate establishment that has become caught in a trap. Only a massive depression that would lay off millions of Canadian workers would free them. No contemporary government is willing to bear the political risk of such a policy, for governments throughout the western world have been telling their electorates

Wh\B

Public opinionshow that worker mill of wages cha would, in fact, act were kept stable. There is no do1 Liberal incomes p trol as part of the major misundersti this kind of polic: rectly on wages b The official gui cannot rise above say that prices c2 Prices may rise tc those may be. Th wages, but no lirn policy. The advantage know in advance t due to the policy. 1 pig in a poke”-th increases to start enough to cover I There is, ,in ar about state contr economy. To a7 tlenecks and to bt depends upon mar free reign. Serious state c chaos in a free-e] work with elabor; place the mark6 economic plann beyond what the ternplating. Corpc profits. If contra they can, and un

!I++ A

the chevron

2, 1976

ings of the past. rofit-squeeze, the busito be set free. It is for .u government had to :mands by direct govlat this is the real, if and wage controls ’ ’ . ler concern that would #h the panic button. iessmen are most con; the growing threat of ainst a background of balances, we can bet’ the sudden departure sons themselves now ve little effect on infla:rable redistribution of buld otherwise be rew into profits.

‘t work anada and elsewhere 1s to get off the treadprices and that many rage increases if prices major attraction of the it promises price conet there is generally a lat the prices aspect of le policy operates directly on prices. licitly say that wages g year, but they do not )ove a certain figure. :ased costs, whatever her words, a limit for established within the gtions is clear-they 1 profits won’t decline wever, have to buy \“a :cept a ceiling on their bnly hope that this is ed costs. logical inconsistency ; in a free-enterprise 3istortions and bot:m of allocations that rices must be allowed prices would create jnomy. It could only hinery that would rewith comprehensive hing which is well emment is now conin business to make 1 or restrain profits, rould, withhold their

investments

until the controls

Food, shelter

were lifted.

and energy

Thus the policy is in principle unbalanced between prices and wages. In practice the situation is-in fact-much worse. First of all, the policy does not apply to a number of key elements in the cost of living, even to the extent of keeping price rises in line with cost rises. Basic food prices, energy prices and interest rates are all exempt, as is the cost of land. Food, energy and housing which absorb up to 65 per cent of the cost of living for the average Canadian lie outside the control scheme and these are the very items that contribute most to inflation. Whereas the price of food has risen by nine per cent in the first eight months of 1975, and shelter by almost six per cent, the price of durable goods has risen by only 1.4 per cent. Take shelter for example. Interest payments account for 50 per cent of the ultimate price of a new house; land accounts for 25 per cent, materials for 12.5 per cent and labor for 12.5 per cent. Interest and land are exempt from controls; materials are highly influenced by iritemational prices and therefore can only be partially controlled. The major brunt of the

News

Service

Trudeau scheme falls on labor which contributes only fractionally to the ultimate cost. There is no mystery as to why increases in land prices were excluded from the control system. A freeze on land prices would create a disincentive for the developers. Since they are the largest suppliers of new housing, Ottawa ias not prepared to take measures that would cut into their profits and discourage them from building. Land speculation is one of the prices we pay for depending upon the market system to supply us with housing. Similarly for energy. The guidelines excuse energy prices from controls, as it would discourage the oil cartel from undertaking new explorations and development. It costs abput $3 .OO to produce a barrel of oil in Alberta. But Ottawa is granting the oil producers the international price of $11 .OO per barrel for fear that the petroleum multi-nationals will close down their Canadian operations and switch to more profitable areas. It is notable that the three largest oil companies managed to increase their net income 264 per cent between 1970 and 1974; Imperial Oil by 176 percent; Gulf Canada by 313 per cent; Shell Canada by 178 per cent. In the same period, Imperial’s rate of return on shareholder’s equity rose from 11 per cent to 22 per cent; Gulf’s from 6 to 20 per cent; Shell’s from

CAN’T,\

UE News Service

seven to 16 per cent. These are the kinds of inducements that are apparently necessary to keep us supplied with gas and oil the free-enterprise way. Finally, take food. Along with labor the other media scapegoat for inflation is the farmer. Yet the price of basic commodities on world markets has dropped by over 25 per cent since the beginning of 1975. The Anti-Inflation Board can well ignore the cost of fobd at the farm gate because it is declining. Meanwhile, retail food prices have continued to climb at a rate of about one per cent a month. This contradictory situation arises because the two systems are governed by different factors. Most food commodity prices rise and fall according to supply and demand. Such is not the case with processed foods where prices are set by powerful food processors and retail chains. This is further complicated by the fact that the chains are food conglomerates that supply themselves with much of the food they sell and the services they require. Most of the chains have their own wholesale subsidiaries-dairies, flour mills, bakeries, packaging and delivery systems. The anti-inflation guidelines permit the food chains to pass their increased costs on to consumers. The way the food industry is organized, they can largely determine their own costs. It becomes a matter of shifting dollars from one part of their operation to another. In the final analysis, it all ends up in the same pocket. The WCs ton Empire, with its 279 separate companies, is a case in point. The food chains won themselves a lot of publicity when they announced a 60 to 90 day price freeze on non-perishable items. The freeze had its origins in a month-old advertising war in Quebec between Steinberg’s and Dominion which had the effect of reducing gross profit margins of both companies. “Food-retail analysts s$y the freeze is a much smarter move than the pride-war direction in which thechains.. . were headed ,” according to a report in the Financial Post. That sa e report correctly notes that “the timing of the freqzeb is also pretty much in the company’s favor becauise food prices tend to rise more slowly at this time o!f year.” In fact, the recorded pattern has been that food prices tend to fall off eit$er in November or December SO that by the end of January prices are on the average about what they were in early November. But to protect themselves further, all the chains involved in the freeze jacked up their prices a few days before they made their announcement. At no sacrifice to themselves, they launched a great public relations campaign, which at the same time, would serve them well in collective bargaining negotiations underway with their employees.

Loopholes

and ‘fudging’

costs

Even for those prices which are supposed to rise in relation to costs, the ability (and willingness) of the government to make the guidelines stick is very limited. Whereas wage bargaining takes place out in the open and increases are easy to identify, price decisions take place behind the closed doors of boardrooms, and we can only find out they occurred after the fact. There are, of course, many means of fudging costs, especially for the 1,500 large corporations the government is dealing with, who each alone can employ as many high-powered accountants for this purpose as will be available to the Anti-inflation Board. The American multi-national corporations that dominate the Canadian economy can easily shift their costs between parent company and subsidiary and thereby take their profits in the United States. Finally, the guidelines include a series of selective loopholes which could exempt just about anything from control except the price of labor. Prices are not allowed to increase “to amounts more than required net increases in cost”. But these companies are permitted to raise their prices in advance of increased costs on the basis of company “forecasts of cost increases” that can be ‘ ‘foreseen with a reasonable degree of assurance. ” Profits are to be frozen at approximately the same level prevailing over the average of the last five years, which was a record-breaking high profit period’. And they can go above this level if the increase can be shown to be due to ‘ tunusual productivity gains resulting from the efforts of the emplayer’ ’ . It is important to note that this clause can only encourage speed-ups, stretch-outs, the relaxation of safety provisions, reduction in the quality of finished commodities, and the introduction of labor-saving devices. Dividend rates for shareholders, meanwhile, were “frozen” at current levels, unless it is necessary to increase these rates to “raise new equity capital” -the only justifiable reason even without controls. Since the guidelines provide no control over interest rates or the financial markets, and since dividend rates must bear some relation to the rate of return provided by alternative forms of investment, the effective “control” mechanism is, as before, the marketplace. In any event, any dividend payments foregone can be paid out to shareholders after the policy ends. A dividend payment can be deferred, but a wage increase foregone is lost for ever. 0

friday,

the chevron.

UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO PRE-REGISTRATION INFORMATION MARCH 15-19,1976 HHY YHO PRE-REGISTERS

YHEN AND WHERE

Allows you to select in March the courses that you wish to take in the May, July, and September 1976 sessions. All currently registered undergraduate students intending to enrol in undergraduate programmes in May, July, and September 1976. If you are thinking of changing faculties next term you should pre-register now in your current faculty and wait until your marks are available before pre-registering in another faculty. -Week of March 15-19, 1976. -Pre-register with your department-faculty advisor-information regarding advisors, times and places, etc., is listed below. Course offerings lists and additional information can be obtained from the department/faculty offices. 1976-1977 Undergraduate Calendars are available from the Office of the Registrar. (iii) Computer Science J.D. Lawson -MC 3004A -2:30-4:3Oom March 15 and 16 -MC 6091 A -2:30-4:30pm March 17 (iv) Applied Mathematics M. Snyder -MC 5007 -2:30-3:30pm March 15 -1:30-3:30pm March 16 -2:30-4:30pm March 17 -9:30-l 1:30am March 19 (v) Combinatorics 8 Optlmieatlon C. Haff -MC 5025 -9:00-l 1 :OOam March 15 and 17 (vi) Statistics C. Springer -MC 5039 -10:30-12noon March 15 -1:45-3:30pm March 16 -9:30-l 1:45am March 18 -1:45-3:OOpm March 19 (vii) Actuarial Science F. Reynolds 1 -MC 60929 --10:00-l Pnoon and 2:30-4:OOpm March 17 (viii)Pure Mathematics D. Higgs -MC 5084 -10:30am-12:30pm March 15 -10:30am-12:30pm and 1:30-3:30pm March 16 & 18 Students unable to see Dr. Higgs at the above times should see Prof. Staal in MC 5067.

FACULTY OF ARTS 3epartment ISt. Yr. Non-Maior 1 Post Degree 4nthropology Classics (Latin) Drama and l?-teatre Arts Economics English Cine Arts ‘rench 3eography 3ermanic & Slavic -lRcs Yiistory ‘hilosophy >olitical Science psychology qel. Studies ?ussian Spanish Sociology

Faculty Advisor

Bldg. Room

Ext.

D. Knight T.S. .Abler S. Haag

ML PSY ML

3638 2628 2443

W. Chadwick K. Bennett P. Beam J. Uhde P. Dub6 G. Wall F.K. Jakobsh A. Wiener K. Davis W.R. Abbott J. Surich G. Griffin ‘6. Cadell D. Amoroso F. Thompson A. Zweers S. Harrison w. Scott

HH 147 3685 HH 213 2644 251 2121 HH HH 290F 3709 ML 344 2246 ENV 226 2403 ML 309 3687 PSY 4024 3913 HH 114 2765 HH 326 2775 HH 314 3603 PSY 1049 3057 PSY 1049 3057 PSY 1049 3057 ML 305 2640 ML 305 3202 208 2401 I& 2040 2642

”

329

ENGlNEERlNG rhose engineers who do not pre-register in class should report o their Departmental Offices. students wishing to transfer to Engineering should contact one zf the following people for information: 3hemical Engineering R. Hudgins El -2503 Civil Engineering C. Thompson E3-3327 Erectrical Engineering E. Heasell E23317 H. Kerr Mechanical Engineering E3-3105 Systems Design K. Huseyin E2-3334

FACULTY OF SCIENCE ENVIRONMENTAL

STUDIES

Dgpartment Architecture Qwwwhy

Faculty Advisor Bldg. Room M. Schaefer ARC G. Walt ENV 235 T. Bunting ENV 229 R. Officer ENV 233 A. Kesik ENV 321 Co-op Geography G. McBoyle ENV 117 C. Bryant ENV 326 -Students shoukf go to the E.S. Lounge (ENV 221) formal pre-registration period. Man-Environment A. O’Brien pius ENV 223 Studies all other faculties -Students should go to E.S. Lounge (ENV 221) during pre-registration period. Planning N. Pressman plus ENV 105A all other faculties

HUMAN KINETICS STUDIES I(inesiology Recreation Dance

Ext. 3251 2403 3609 3278 3019 2785 3607 during 3061 formal 3586

AND LEISURE

Students must see assigned advisor. Students must see assigned advisor. Students must see assigned advisor.

INTEGRATED STUDIES B. Smyth

PSY 1051

3437

FACULTY OF MATHEMATlCS All Regular and Co-op Math students who plan to continue their studies in the FatI/ term should pre-register during the week of March W-19/76 as indicated below. (1) All students pre-registering for year 2 Regular (except St. Jerome’s), 2A Co-op (except for those selecting the Co-op Teaching Option), 28 Co-op and year 3 of a Pass programme should pre-register at one of the times listed below. (Preregistrants for 2A of the Co-op Teaching Option should see R. Dunkiey at the times listed in (3) (ii). Pre-registrants for year 2 Regular at St. Jerome’s should check (2) below.) MC 5158 9:30-l 1:30am -every day March 15-l 9 1:30-330pm -March 15, 17, 18 and 19 (2) All students pre-registering for year 2 Regular at St. Jerome’s should contact one of Professors Mowat (SJ. 1) and VanStone (SJ. 2) between the hours of 9am and &rn any day during the period March 15-17. (3) All students pre-registering for years 3 and 4 (Regular and Co-op) of an Honours or General programme shouM preregister with the appropriate Undergraduate Officer: (i) Co-op Chartered Accountancy and Business Administration Options J-D. Kalbfieisch -MC 6092A -9:OO-12noon and l :OO-4:OOpm March 17 -11 :OOam-12:30pm and 1:30-2:30 March 18 -9:OO-12noon and l :OO-4:OOpm March 19 Ii) Co-op leaching Option R.G. Dunkley -MC 5103 -1:30-4:OOpm March 16

BIOLOGY Dr. J. Carlson 82-l 57 2664 Dr. W. Hawthorn 92-352 2.117 Dr. H.R.N. Eydt I31-278 2562 CHEMISTRY Dr. H.G. Mcteod Cl -228 2624 Dr. G. Toogood C2~390 3314 EARTH SCIENCES Dr. J. Greenhouse Cl -209 3552 Dr. G. Roberts 92-258 3379 PHYSICS A. Cowan Phy 376 3555 H. Morrison Phv.s 374 2848 OPTOMETRY W. Long Opt 303 3176 GENERAL Non-Major D. Brisbin Cl -253A 2102 NON-MAJOR HONOURS & YEAR 1 Programmes R. Friesen C2 -274 2505

I ST

JEROME’S COLLEGE

All students registered through St. Jerome’s College should consult an advisor at the College. If you are in Year 1, or if you are majoring or plan to major in a discipline for which no counsellor is listed, or if you are registered in a Non-major programme, you should consult one of the Undergraduate Officers. OFFICE Anthropology J.M. Alleyne 12 and Sociology M. Shimpo 12 Classics and Romance Languages French J.R. Finn 203 A. Gualtieri* 3 Italian Business Economics N.E. Lavigne Office English E.P. McCormack 102 207 S.H. Fogel’ History K-M. McLaughlin 103 P.S. Smith* 101 Mathematics D.G. Mowat 1) Mon & iue! S.A. Vanstone 2) Wed only Philosophy F.F. Centore 105 G.T. Campbell* 202 Psychology J.E. Orlando 7 R.J. Alapack’ 8 W.J. Bildstein 104 Rel. Studies J.D. Whitehead* 5 Undergraduate Officers for Year 1, Non-majors and student: registered in programmes not listed above; eg. German, Geog. raphy, Man-Environment, Political Science, etc. D.R. Letson Dean’s Office P.S. Smith 101 * See these alternate advisors onfy if the principal advisor is not availab Le.

12, 1976

Wartiors buffaloed The CIAU basketball championships were held in Halifax on March 4,5, and 6. The OUAA sent three representatives, Waterloo as the first place finisher, Laurentian in second spot and Windsor as the wild card team. They joined the Western winners, the Calgary Dinosaurs and the Manitoba Bisons, the Concordia Stingers from Quebec and Acadia and St. Mary’s from the Atlantic Division. The opening rounds saw Manitoba demolish Windsor, Concordia lose to St. Mary’s, Laurentian thump the Dinosaurs and Waterloo steal g victory from Acadia. The Warriors, playing very poorly, found themselves down 34-28 to a fired-up squad of Axemen. Jamie Russell shot very poorly and only some outstanding plays by Trevor Briggs and Don Larman kept the Warriors close. Slowly but surely in the second half, Waterloo closed the gap and eventually surpassed Acadia. Not to be outdone, Acadia roared back led by Ed Shannon and tied the game with 14 seconds remaining. The Warriors replied by feeding the ball to Russell, who hit two foul shots with two seconds remaining after being fouled by Robbie Upshaw of Acadia. Leading scorers for the Axemen were Alvin Jessamy with 14 and Ed Shannon and Robert Upshaw with 12 each. Trevor Briggs hit for 21, Jamie Russell with 11, Phil Schlote with 10 and Seymour Hadwen with 6.

The Warriors then advanced to meet Manitoba and once again the Bisons proved to be too much as they won 87-77. The game was closer than the final score indicates because Waterloo fouled intentionally in the last minute. The Warriors jumped to a 10-2 lead and then watched Manitoba tie it at 16-16 several minutes later: From that time on, the margin was never more than 6 points for either team. At the half Manitoba led 41-36 and into the second half began to increase their lead. The Warriors surged in the final minutes to draw within four. The following play saw Martin Riley travel, pass to Rick Watts who double-dribbled and eventually get the ball to Doug Freeth who

scored just before the 30 second clock expired. Manitoba then hit four clutch shots to maintain their lead until time expired. The major difference for Manitoba in this game and indeed throughout the tournament was the exceptional play of their backcourt Martin Riley and Greg Daniels. Riley hit 19 points and Daniels 20. Freeth and Watts finished with 16 each. For the Warriors Jamie Russsell returned to form scoring 25 and Trevor Briggs finished with 22. Mike Visser did an outstanding job of covering Rick Watts, holding him to his lowest scoring output of the tournament and his worst field goal percentage as well. To determine who would be number three in the country, the Warriors met Laurentian and stretched their unbeaten streak to four against the Voyageurs. The final was 95-84 for Waterloo with Trevor Briggs hitting for 24, Jamie Russell 21, Mike Visser 16, Seymour Hadwen 12 and Phil Schlote with 1I. Jeff “Baby Fat” Bennett led Laurentian with 23 and Reni Dolcetti with 15. The Warriors blew Laurentian out of the third quarter and then substituted freely thus allowing Laurentian to get within 11 points. The final game was anti-climatic for many because St. Mary’s hadn’t played well in either of their first two wins on their way to the championship. The frst ten minutes were close as both teams played zone and shot extremely well. However, as the game wore on, both teams switched to man 40 man and Manitoba gradually pulled away. Erroly Bing scored 32 and held St. Mary’s close, but in the end the superior shooting of Martin Riley (21 points) and Rick Watts (25 points) proved to be too much for the Huskies. The unheralded performances of the tournament were by Daryl Rumsey who held Lee Thomas off the boards and by Greg Daniels who ended up with more loose balls and rebounds than he should have gotten. The tournament all-star selections were Martin Riley, MVP, Trevor Briggs, Ron Puskarich of ( Concordia, Rick Watts, Manitoba, Erroyl Bing and Lee Thomas of St. Mary’s.

WOM,EN’S INTRAMURAL BASKETBALL Final Standings League

1. 2. 3. 4.

3A Kin 4th Year Kin V2 South Notre Dame

Championship-3A’Kin vs 4th year Kin 3A Kin--score 12-I 0 League

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Bl :

VI North 4 Arts Renison V2 NC Conrad Notre Dame

League

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

B2:

V2 East V2 West B VI South Rebounders V2 N V2 South

Semi Finals:

RENBON COLLEGE

VI North vs V2 West B Arts vs V2 East

Jean Hetzog Bob Lahue 5Darrol Bryant

V2 East vs VI North

Renison Col leg0

march

winner-VI winner-V2

North 4(24-4) East (33-l ?,

winner-V2

East (27-8)

Fina Is:

\ friday,

march

, 12, 1976

the chevron’

Indoor track-%.&field champiOnships

The Indoor OUAA-OWIAA Track and Field Championships were held last Saturday at the University of Western Ontario in Thompson Arena. Athletes from thirteen Ontario universities were in attendance at this well-run meet . The varsity women’s team, due mainly to the efforts of Liz Dammon, raised their overall standing to third after finishing fourth place outdoors and at last year’s indoor championships. Liz ran a total of eight races throughout the afternoon! She finished the day with a second in the 50m hurdles tying the meet record of 7 .O, a second in the 50m dash in 6.6, a third in the 300m in 41.6, and lead off the four by 200m relay team which finished third. The four byZOOm relay team consisted of Liz, Barb Robinson, Sandra Ford, and Colleen Hunter. Their time was 1:50.2, eight seconds faster 1. than last year’s team. Strong performances were also put forward by javelin throwers Barb Chivotas and Chris Young in the shot put event. They placed @r-d and fourth with puts of 10.57m and 10.14m. respectively. This was a four foot improvement for Chris over her last year’s perforrnanpp--. -Sandra Ford, running her first 600m race, managed a seventh place finish with a clocking of 1:47.3. Sandra was pleased with her time and is now considering running longer distances such as the 800m this summer. Colleen Hunter won her 5Om dash heat in 7.1 but failed to-qualify for the finals with Liz. Barb Robinson also failed to qualify for the 300m run but ran a creditable 41.6 time. The men’s team at last year’s championships finished a dismal eleventh This year they raised themselves to a with only four points. strong fourth place fish behind Queen’s, Western and the winning team from Toronto, with a tenfold increase in their points. Rick Heemskerk -won the first high jump gold medal in the history of Waterloo with a leap of 2.03m (6’8”). This leaves Rick undefeated this season in university competitions. Rick, who recently placed forth at the Canadian Senior’Championships in Edmonton, hopes to crack the seven foot barrier this summer and perhaps make the Olympic team. With his strong performances this winter he may accomplish these goals. Ted McKeigan, who is graduating this year, finally won an OUAA medallion for his third place finish in the 5OOOm. Ted recently ran an 8 :23 .O in the 3OOOm which would have placed him 15th in Canada last summer and is rapidly becoming one of Canada’s best distance runners. Ted was suffering from a foot injury when running his 5000m but through the efforts of trainer Brian Gastaldi and Ted’s own petermination he managed a personal best time of 14:46.2. Doug Denike completed the Warrior’s medal showing with a silver in the 50m dash. The first three finishers all equalled the arena record of 5.7 which was also Doug’s personal best. Doug was the anchor runner of the third-placing four by 200m relay team of Jeff Mohun, John Doyle, and Frank kolnick. Frank, who recently ran a 23.4 second 200m on the banked CNE track, had difficulty with the unbanked London track however Doug pulled the team up more than ten yards to keep the-team in contention. Jeff and John teamed up with Don McQueen and Dave Simonds for the four by 4OOm relay. This team was fourth overall with a time of X32.1. Gord Robertson, who is the team’s coach as well, had a busy day of competition. Gord finished ftith in the long jump with a season’s best of 6.54m (21’6”), fifth in the 50m hurdle in 7.4, and sixth in the triple jump. Gord had been suffering from a strained back but again with the help of the university’s training staff was able to add to the team’s point total. Dave Philp rounded out the team’s scoring with two points for his fifth place finish in the pole vault. Dave-was not happy with his 4.OOm (13’2”) vault but considering that all the athletes that beat him have indoor ’ vaulting facilities, he did quite well. Qther Warrior performances: Jeff Mohun, seventh in the 50m in 6.0; Dave Simonds eighth in the 6OOm in 1:29.4; Phil Colwell seventh in the triple jump; Don McQueen 1:29.4 in the 600m; Clive McKenzie 10th in the 300m in 38.0; Jim Stinson 2:45.7 in the 1OOOm; and Mike Noonan 8th in the high jump at 1.70m. --gord

Ted McKeigan

Dave Simmotids

runs a personal

finishes

best of 74:46.2

.for third place

the 600 metre run in 7:23.8 placing

in the 5,000

metre run.

eighth ov&all.

photos by Steve malone

robertson

Dave Simmonds being congratulated after anchoring the 4 x 400 meter relay team .wh(ch .f~nisj~ed..i’n.~o~.~tt~ .SPOL __ >-.. 1. ... ,xSA.,.a_ I , ’ _

.., .;re ,‘$.’ :-A

18.

friday,

the chevron

THE . Walters Jewellers MAMOND EXPERIENCE,

\ i

It’s Mkme !cham dust

Buyhga Dianmnd.-

Intraspdrt report’ Playoffs strong

going I

Last week saw the end of regular season play and the onset of playoffs. As the playoffs continue, championship games draw closer and codpetition may be a litte stiffer. In floor hockey, the semi finals will be held this Sunday at 3:45 and 5:OO

p.m. followed by* the final game Tuesday, March 16 at 6:00 p.m, Monday night will see’the end of the basketball games. As all three leagues will play their fmal games as follows: League C-6:00 p.m., League B-7:30 p.m. and League A-9:00 p.m. In men’s ball hockey, the second round of the draw will get underway Sunday evening at 6:45 p.m.

Intramural jobs. summer

A dlarnond is not just another purchie. We know its importance and what it means to you. Here you have the help of an expert consultant who knows diamonds. He can help you make the right choice for your budget by giving you facts not fiction about diamonds and dtamond values. When you choose your diamond here, you don’t just buy a diamond . . ,. you make the choice of a lifetime . a choice that gives the diamond its ful meaning for you.

.Walters

Jewellers

151 King St W

$150.00

Kitchener

STUDENTS SAVE’ jfl% Free Lifetime Insurance replacement’ policy. instant Credit to Students.

1976 -The -Intramural department hires over 500 students each year, as student /,assistants, conveners, refereesin-chief, officials, lifeguards and instructors. Intramurals ‘believes that the more studknts you involve’ in the administration of the program the better the program. This summer the followin@ job opportunities are open: Student As&ant: Aquatics coordinator, $250.00 per term, responsible for coordinating the staffing and supervision of lifeguards and organizing th& aquatic instructional program. Convenors

TOMORROW SAT. MARCH

13 - 8 p.m.

The Ur&ersity of Waterloo CONC’ERT CHOIR * presents Joseph Haydn’s MASS IN TIME dF WAR - ’ _.. Conductor-Alfred l&m / Margaret Hull-Soprano Anne Dlugokecki-Contralto Jadob Willms -Tenor, Kenneth Baker-Bass Theatre of the Arts Admission $2.50, students/seniors $2.00 Box Office ext. 2126

SUN. MAR. 14-8 p.m. JO-ANNE WILLMENT - FOLK CONCERT A delightful evening of folk music will be including singing, guitar and even harmonica Theatre of the Arts Admission $2.00, students/seniors $1.25 Box Office ext. 2126 ~ 1

THURS.

MAR. 25-8

p.m.

The Jest Society-presents

THE BEST OF THE JEST SOCIETY Humanities Theatre

THE CANADIAN OPERA COMPANY presents . LA TRAVIATA-March 27 & 2s p.m. (in Italian)j _, LA BOHEME-Sun. Mar. 28-2:30 p.m. (in English). . Humanities Theatre

ART GALLERY University of Waterloo MAR ll-APR. 1.1 ABOUT LAND AND SEA Laurence Acland, drawings and water Thaddeus Holownia, photdgraphs Paul Keele, IithographsMary Keepax ceramics Paul Kipps, acrylics a Robin Wight, pastels Free Admission

Gallery Hours: 9-8 p.m., Sundays 2-5 p.m. b

Offic’ials:

$2.40-$3

needed for basketball.

soccer,

.OO/game softball

minimum wage/hour are needed’ for the pool.

Lifeguards:

Fal I 1976 -The following jod opportunities are available to students in the fall of 1976. Student Assistants: $250.00 per. $erm. a) publicity director-responsible for coordinating the publicity of the Intramural program. b) tournament coordinator-responsible for organizitig the various Intramural tournaments. c) officials coordinator-responsible for the coordination of all officials in the Intramural program. I Convenors

aid “referees-in-chief:

$30.00/activity, softball, soccer and basketball. Convenors are responsible for scheduling and standings, whereas referees-in-chief are responsible for the assignment of officials to games. Instructors: $3 .OO/hour. Instructors are needed for the following programs : tennis, golf, squash, swimming are and

and Referees-in-Chief:

$30.OO/activity. The following activities are in need of these positions: flag football, soccer, basketball, hockey,. volleyball. Instructors: $3 .OO/hour . Ins tructors are needed in the following programs: ten&, squash, aquatics badminton. Lifeguards-minimum wage /hour needed for the pool. TO APPLY: Obtain and complete an application from the receptionist in the PAC building and return no later thanM,onday,March21,1976.

spring skiing ’

Ont., Phone 742:5363

GRADUApIONe Portrait Prices Package.Offers No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 /

1-8x 10 Mounted 2-5 x 7 Mounted 4-Wallets 2-5 x 7 Mounted 44x5Mounted 8-Wallets 2-8x 10 Framed 2-5 x 7 Mounted 2-4x 5Mounted

for those in League A and Monday evening at 6:45 for those entered in League B. Hope that all of you who took part in any of the programs during the term enjoyed yourselves and, good luck to all in the finals.

Townson points

and Fryer

With just a few events left both the Townson and Fryer standings are close to being decided. In the participation or Townson Points, St. Jeromes College has 619, Vl South 336 and V2 West 288 for the smaller units and Eng has 1846, Kin 683 and Math 623 for larger units. As for the Fryer or competitive points, Math leading, St. Jeromes by 7 points are Math has 223 and St. Jeromes, 216. Kin is third with 88.

Champs today

determined

The men’s broomball tou&ey got underway last Wednesday with . 16 teams entered. Since then, teams have been physically putting out at the strangest hours so as to remain in contension for the finals. Well, for two teams, their efforts will be rewarded as they meet each other today at 9:00 p.m. in McCormick Arena to determine the champs. The consolation round is played at 12:00 noon q)t the same place-Good luck to all !

Water safety

PHOTOGkAPHER W.,‘ Kitchener,

I y

pirak ‘studio j 350 King*St.

12, 1976

The UW Ski Club is holding another of their famous social meetings on Tues., March 16th. It will take place in the M&C ldunge Rm. 5136 starting at 7 pm and of course there will be another cash bar. A number of ski movies will be shown and the new ski club executive will be introduced. We wish them luck for next year! But, the highlight of the meeting will be a discussion df the upcoming ski trip to Whistler at the end of April. Anyone is welcome on it. The cost of this week long trip is $360 which covers everything but meals and booze. Deposits of $60 will be taken at the meeting. This trip is bound to be fun with lots of glorious swing so %hy not come out and relax after your final exams. The ski club has had several good trips’ to Blue Mtn., Holiday Valley, and Jay Peak (to name a few) this season and next year looks even more promising. We’ve had a lot of fun this* winter with all, the sk trips and meetings and cross-country ski parties and we still hope to have a couple more trips this month. So why don’t you come out to the meeting on -happening this month, what’s coming tip next ye about the Whistler trip. See you there!

colours

march

G cow 33.00 .38.00

44.00

The Red Cross instructions for disabled award program will be offered at the UW pool Friday, Saturday, Sunday, March 26-28. The approximate hours : Friday 7pm-1Opm Saturday 9am-9pm Sunday 9am-5pm Cost of Course_$l7.50 includes printed material. Registration-Monday, March 15th, PAC 2050 frpm loam-1 lam, Red North - .2:30am--4:30pm. Course fee to be paid at registration. Also, a course for instructors aides will be held at Waterloo Family “Y”, March 21st 9am - 4pm. Waterloo students may register at registration times noted above. * cost $7.50.

friday,

march

12, 1976

the chevron

If the Canadian theatre is in as sleepy a state as its major promoters seem to be, then such talented writers as Michel Tremblay and David French will deliver their wares to a still-born theatre community. A recent symposium entitled Changing

Theatre

in our Society

the Hart House of the University of Toronto revealed nothing startlingly innovative along the lines of stimulating an indigenous “National Scene. ” After a reiterating the dilemma of local artists who struggle with a public that is indifferent to their existence, playwright Tom Hendry suggested that good drama will come about as a direct result of social need. While Canadians on the whole are content with hockey, football and American T.V. there is never going to be a terrific demand for

concert

A warm crowd of about 150 was on hand for- last Sunday’s benefit concert to aid the victims of the Guatemala earthquake. The folk and jazz musicians raised over $200.00 for the cause, to be used by the Mennonite Central Committee. Arethusa, afolkgroup, began the afternoon with an interesting array of songs, most of which were their own. Both Janet MacDonald and Jonathan Kramer were in good voice and Ted Griesbach’s guitar accompaniment provided a fine bass line. Generally their songs had a message. They were about politics, or the earthquake, or people searching for meaning in their lives. One of the most appealling tunes concerned coming into womanhood: She’s achild, she’s achangeling, She’s a woman now. She wants to test her wings And teach her body how.. . A member of the audience sum-

anything but hockey players and glitsy personalities. Our social disintegration will be exposed with the emergence of artists aware of our condition and incensed enough to bring their findings before the publit . “The true experience” of drama can’t be artificially achieved by creating concrete monuments, Ottawa’s National Arts Centre for example. The gist of Susan Rubes’ (founder of Young People’s Theatre) opening statements was that the only relevant theatre is a community theatre that reflected the needs of the people. By her definition a playhouse is a meeting-place as well as a gallery for the arts. One gets the distinct impression that Mrs. Rubes was out to solicit more public support for her proposed permanent house for her Young People’s Theatre. Playwr ight Michel Trembley ex-

pressed the hope that new writers would get the chance to display their work. Popular theatre still caters to the middle class who are satisfied with importing Neil Simon and Shakespeare. He emphasized that he is not writing specifically in support of Quebecois nationalism, but rather about a limited group of people living in Montreal’s east end. He said that the playwright’s responsibility is to write only about the people he knows. When asked about Shakespeare’s exotic tastes for foreign settings, Trembley retortwas a genius, ed, “Shakespeare I’m only talking about playwrights.” Tremblay also revealed, “I enjoy raping the audience.” Director of drama at CBC John Hirsch urged the audience not to dismiss any facet of our social expression. “Let’s face it, hockey is a

prominent force in our culture.” As our country matures we will create our own set of social conventions. The development of a popular mythology in our culture will provide a basis for relevant drama. In this we shall find a national identity. There is no theatre in Canada at this moment that can be said to represent all Canadians. “Canada is like a group of Italian city-states,” no two groups being alike. Leon Major, artistic director for Toronto’s St. Lawrence Centre, complained of a lack of competent critics, since the death of Nathan Cohen. He objects to a lot of underground theatre in Toronto because the companies have abandonned all the criteria of “good

theatre.” The sad truth of funding in this country was summed up by John Neville, artistic director of Edmonton’s Citadel Theatre, “The bigger the erection, the more money you get,” referring to the fact that all of those megalithic structures built during centennial are soaking up funds allotted to the development of theatre. In spite of the roadblocks facing theatre artists in the next few years, Tom Hendry still feels optimistic about the potential for a thriving theatre scene in Canada. “In the next 10 to 20 years we shall see some substantial writing.” Yes of course Tom, but will anyone recognize it? myles

kesten

Guatemala

med up the performance, saying “They just keep on improving.” Beverlie Robertson showed us the talent that has allowed her to sing and travel over much of North America and Europe. It took a couple of songs to warm up, but then her crystal clear voice and lovely guitar accompaniment shone through to give us some fine renditions of familiar English and

Spanishfolk songs.

Moondance finished the afternoon with several jazz offerings. Their music seemed a little blurred with the melodies not being as distinguishable as they could have been. This was when a guest flutist appeared for the piece, “Moondance”, and the Eagle’s “I wish you peace.” His technique was rather good, but alas, he was out of tune in the Eagle’s song, which detrac ted from its appeal. Nonetheless, it was an enjoyable afternoon concert which was of be-

nefit to not only the earthquake victims, but to the audience too. In a related matter, a vegetarian benefit dinner for Guatemala relief will be held this Saturday March 13 at 6:30 p.m. It is to be held at St. Matthew’s Lutheran church, 54 Benton St. in Kitchener. The food has been donated by local businesses, and the money from the $4.00 tickets will go to the Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team. (AMURT). Films will be shown on the world food crisis, and folk singer Sheldon Davis will entertain. Tickets are available at the Federation office, the New Humanity Bookstore, 14A Charles St. in Kitchener, and at the door. --christopher

dufault

tion of Applications are now open for the following Board of Entettainment Positions 1976-77:

Vice-Chairperson Secretary Personnel Co-ordinator

Concert Co-ordinator (technical) Fall & Winter Weekend Co-ordinators

If you are interested in helping organize concerts or semi-formals etc. please

of Entertainme and th itions.

(2)

pubs,

\ ,20

the chbrori

, friday,

.,-.-

march

12, 1976

ACADEMY AWARDNOMINATIONS~ . . INCLUDING

BEST BEST

PICTURE ACTOR

ACTRESS DIRECTOR

John Denver’s starwood

’

SUSPENDED

- COARSE/LANGUAGE FILMMAYOFFENDSOMEPEOPLE

WARNING

’

-THEATRES

THIS

BRANCH, ONTARIO

2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 7:00 & 9:20 4 SHOWS SAT & SUN 2-4:20-7-& 9:20

F*.,“.AN UNSPEAKABLE CRIME OFFICERS AND LADIES.

MATINEE

SAT &SUNDAY

2 PM

AMOtiG

EMANUELLWOLF-

':1 MICHAELYORK \ RICHARDA~NBOROUGH '1 TREVORHOW‘IARD. ' STACYKEACH 3 1 CHRISTOPHER PLUMMER SUSANNAHYORK TECHNICOLOR@ A rh I= LION INIERNATIONALLTD.

MATINEE!SAT

SUNDAY2PM

Homebrew is a pleasant debut album from the John Denver groomed Starwood Band. The outfit is one of four acts which have released LPs on Denver’s Windsong-label, and to their credit, they do not sound a whole lot like America’s largest-selling recording star. In fact, Denver’s only relation to Starwood on rec,ord is as executive co-producer (along with Milt Okun), a position whose main purpose seems to be the potential commercial push of a big name endorsement. Starwood is made up Of five capable musicians, including leader Bob Carpenter, and lead vocalist David James Holster, who together and apart write most of t-he group’s material. (They were responsible for “Cowboy’s Delight” which Denver included on his Windsong LP). Their melodies are simple atid pretty, and Holster’s consistently clean, clear vocals are perfectly suited to them. Homebrew consists of three basic types of songs, the most memorable being their original version of ,“Cowboy’s Delight” and the very pretty “Dance The/ Night Away.” The former.is a slower, and more 1 effectivi: treatment than Denver’s version, and the latter is the record’s most outstanding cut, with a chorus that sticks in your mind for hours; both are begging to be released for Top 40 play. Carpenter and Holster also offer some catchy if occasionally bland up tempo numbers, of which “Showdown,” “Night Club Singer” and “Little Bit Of Human Kindness” are the‘best. The only real flaw in the band is the writing and vocal contribtitions of guitarist Bobby Mason. His three songs represent the low points of the album, and his gravelly David Clayton-Thomaslike vocals just aren’t enjoyable to listen to. Starwood have produced a nice, if unexceptional first effort, and the band’s second release should sound even better. Until then, wait for the singles.

’ The m&thilarious military farce since MASH!

-john

sakamoto

. ..oooooooooooo...

RASHOMON

Mar. 14

FRANKENSTEIN

GEORGEBARRIEPRESENTSABRUT PRODUCTION /

EWUl’T GOULD INW HllTS~~.~~~~~~GEDDlE ALBERT HARRY GUARDIND GODFREY CAMBRIDGE AN~sTARR,NG~ENN~FER

O'NEIU.

SONGS BYGEORGEBARRIE ANDSAMMYCAHN

!!TE!!E.BARRIE YiE%sT E~~Y~MMARM~RSTEIN E%AMER~N 2 SHOWS MATINEE

NIGHTLY 7 & 9 PM -SAT & SUN 2 PM

This ain’t rock ‘n roll Pagliaro’s strength has always laid in his ability to write light, catchy pop melodies which sound best blaring from a car radio. Unfortunately, on his latest album, he and the A&R team at Columbia Records have tried to transform him into an all out Canadian rock ‘n roller, and the move just doesn’t work. Instead of the charm of “Lovin’ You Ain’t Easy” or the wonderful McCartney influenced “Some Sing, Some Dance,” we are treated to a consistently weak brand of up beat watered down rock ‘n roll which is supposed to have as its predecessor, the simplistic but nonetheless classic music of Chuc/k Berry. Side one of Pagliaro 1 (his first release for Columbia) opens promisingly with the LP’s second single, “I Don’t Be!ieve It’s You,” a light pop confection with a nice melody and a strong chorus. The song was co-written with A. Workman, who also helped out on the hit single “What The Hell I Got,” and the presence of another composer Seems to have lent a pleasant hummable quality to both tunes. Unfortunately, Pagliaro’s attempts at high energy music tend to be

nondescript items with painfully ordinary guitar work and strained vocals which are supposed to sound rough, but are instead merely irritating. 8 Aside frdm the two singles, “Nobody” is saved by an interesting sitar introduction, while the basic “Oh Baby, (We’ve Got A Good Thing Goin’)” might make a successful third single. Otherwise, the’abum is an often embarassing failure, good as unnoticeable background music and nothing else. An additional tip-off to the general quality of the album comes from Bill Mann’s exaggerated liner notes. album with lines such as “ . . :a Any singularly exciting and chatismatic performer. . ,” “a solid rock and roll classic in’ the ‘Johnny B. Goode’ tradition” and “This is ‘just another album like a Rolls Royce is ‘just another car’ “ should be held in suspicion from the very start. Pagliaro 1 is an unfortunate waste of the sizeable talents of Michel -Pagliaro.’ Hopefully he’ll abandon this kind of forced rock ‘n roll for a return to the charming lightweight pop music which he handles s;o naturally well. ijohn

sakamoto

Can’t buy athrill

I-

It has been said many times and Turn That Heartbeat Over Again. And so on. in many ways that what the world The superlatives commonly needs now is another rock and roll found in liner notes are often as band. This could very %ell be the one of which the pundits spoke. empty as the music they applaud. The crisp and exacting music of This is not. the case on this new Steely Dan has been a long time Steely Dan album. coming, although the group itself - For example, hear the raw urgency of Jeff “Skunk’.’ Baxter’s was formed only shortly before this inspired recording was made. solo on Change of The Guard and Steely Dan ,consists of six savour his tasteful utilization of the spinal vibrato. Or hear how he disparts: composers Becker and plays the cunning of the insane on Fagen performing on electric bass guitar and keyboards resp’ectively; steel guitar in Fire In The Hole. Can you believe visiting guitarist Jim Hodder, percussionist, bronze Elliot Randall’s exultant chromatigod, pulse of the rhythm section; guitarists Jeff “Skunk” Baxter and cism on Kings? Or David Palmer’s benny Dias ; and vocalist David bittersweet rendering of Dirty Work? Or drummer Hodder’s drivPalmer. ing throughout? For the past 10 years or so each And there’s more. Tradition and of these fellows has been pursuing experimentation reign side by side his own private destiny within the confines of the “pop music when Denny Dias accepts the burjungle”. Their varied apprenticeden of resurrecting the electric sitar ships include stints with infamous on Do It Again and makes it sound . groups from ppst decades and more easy. recent sorties such as the shortOn the same cut, an inexpensive, lived but illustrious “Ultimate imported plastic organ (an instruSpinach.” ment which long ago fell into disuse As is so rarely the case, the in most rock circles) is competently whole of Steely Dan’ is greater than fingered by Donald Fagen. And dig the sum of its parts, and the oewly those startling high-r&s ter bass efformed amalgam threatens to unfects on the final cadence of dermine the foundations of the rock Heartbeat! power elite. Thus treads heavily the titanic The selections on this first album Steely Dab, casting a shadow tend to run the gamut of musical upon the contemporary rock wasteexpression from the pastoral lyriland, aspiring to spill its seed on cism of Dirty’ Work to the urban barren ground, and at the same ‘ ‘Sturm and Drang” of Do It Again. time, struggling t’o make sense out From the vacuous historical roof the flotsam and jetsam of its elec-’ mance df Kings’to’ the modern-astric musical heritage. tomorrow angula&y of Fire In The With a solid fiist album under its Hole. From the east coast Cynicism belt, and with an ever expanding of Only A Fool Would Say Thatto reputation as a dynamic performing the s‘un-St&k, L.A. dptimism of group, it would appear that Steely Change of The Guard, from the Dan’s place on the American musifrank, industrial-grade polish of cal scene is assured. It’s growing. Mid&e Cruiser to the rhapsodic Ran Steele8

iong

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the chevron

UW /‘< play is against , war Oh, What a Lovely War is a, monument to the anti-war movement. Moreover the play is a colourful mosaic of the fears, prejudices and stupidities that led to the massacre of millions. Armed with bite and humour, War” attacks both those who promoted the First World War and those who guided the , military mechanism. In all, it is a piece designed to arouse righteous indignation against the senseless slaughter that, in its own time, was felt to be so necessary. Basically, the play is an inquest into the causes of World War I (the War to end all wars) and the effect it had on the average man, using the j ‘format of an English music hall harlequinade. The mncept behind the production had originally been inspired by Charles Chilton who, after seeking his father’s grave in a French was cemetery in 1958, 40 years after the First World War, found no grave, but only a name inscribed on a wall together with the names of 35,941 other officers and men who fell in the Battle of Arras. Horror at the implication of this relic of the holocaust led to .his submitting the idea for a satiric musical entertainment. It was after filtering through the hands of Joan’ Littlewood and the members of the

Theatre Workshop, however, that flesh was added to the bones presented by Chilton, making it into an exhilarating and emotionally I devastating showpiece composed to factual data and personal experience. Perhaps the name most frequently associated with War is that of Littlewood since it was a direct result of her theatrical guidance that the Workshop was able to secure the coveted “Theatre des Nations” Award in 1963 for “Best All-Round Performance”. By blending Brechtian style withy British music hall, Ms. Littlewood managed to create an ensemble work infused with vigour and vitality, a beacon to illuminate a new path in theatrecraft. As the action commences, the audience is introduced to a group of performers dressed in clown suits who proceed with the customary’ complement of lame jokes and low-comedy lines (common to music hall). The actors, then, present incidents from World War I, underscoring the events with the popular songs of the period. But, as the satire grows grimmer, the audience is slowly stirred from amusement to anger; in effect, the more the ‘play fails to be funnv. the more it succeeds as a dramatic purge.

k’s been a long cold winter this year and the weather snowstorm and another. . .

The original intent behind the play production was to shake the English Establishment, to indict the upper class leadership for its callousness and stupidity in sacrificing millions of human lives. Having had an opportunity to view a number of the rehearsals, I must compliment the director, Marten van Dijk (a Professor in the Drama Department), on his selection of play and players. His cast, for the most part new to the stage, exhibit a very professional attitude, trying to do their best. If this is any indication of the overall production standards, I have no doubt that War is well on its way toward being as polished a performance as was presented by the Theatre Workshop. I should mention as well that I was pleased to discover that professor William Chadwick (also of the Drama Department) had inserted a fair amount of historical content revolving around Berlin’s (later to be renamed Kitchener) reaction to World War I. Oh, What a Lovely War will be performed from Tuesday, March 16th, to Saturday, March 20, in the Humanitites Theatre (University of Waterloo) -beginning at 8 p.m. Admission is $2.00 for nonstudents, $1.25 for students and senior citizens. Tickets may be purchased either from the Theatre of the Arts Box Office or at the door. It’s best to get your tickets early to avoid the last minute rush.

reports say that spring

will fx late so brace yourself

- \ Academy AwardNominAtions including

BEST PICTURE BEST DIRECTOR ~%~~~~

FREE LIST SUSPENDED

dv-

from

Warner

A Warner

Bros Communlcatlons

don. Jake Willms is UW’s Assistant to the Dean of Fine Arts. He was also soloist for Beethoven’s Ode to Joy, sung last term. Kenneth Baker of Kitchener is a powerful baritone who is presently taking singing lessons from Victor Martin. Anne Dlugokecki, also of Kitchener, sings part-time. Her strong beautiful alto voice will be a great asset to the Haydn piece. UW’s. Little Symphony Orchestra will accompany the choir. On March 7, the Concert Choir sang the Mass at St. Mary’s Church in Kitchener. For Saturday nights performance, the string players of the Little Symphony Orchestra will also play a Mozart Divertimento. It is a brilliant three movement work and was written when Mozart was in his early teens. On the same program, UW’s Concert Band will play some Slavonic dances by Dvorak, a delightful Folk Song Suite composed by Ralph von Williams, and the enjoyable Maple Leaf Rag by Scott Joplin . -isabella .

grigoroff

Company

MIDNIGHT’SHOW _ SATURDAY’ MARCH 20

Choir *giveslast show f The soloists for Haydn’s piece will be Margaret Elligsen Hull, soprano, Anne Dlugokecki, alto, Jake Willms, tenor, and Kenneth Baker, baritone. All of them come from the Kitchener-Waterloo area. Margare t Hull, a former student of UW, now studies vocal music in Lon-

FRIDAY & SATURDAY 6:00 & 9:30 SUNDAY TO THURS. ONE SHOW 8 MATINEE E SAT & SUNDAY 2 PM

Clark Reichert

UW’s Concert Choir will give its final performance of this season on Saturday night, March 13, in the Theatre of Arts at 8:00 pm. Although it will be difficult for the choir to match its successful performance of Beethoven’s O-de to Joy, sung last November, Saturday night promises to bring much enjoyment to every listener. Under the direction of UW’s conductor Alfred Kunz, the choir will sing the Second Mass in C by Joseph .Haydn. A beautiful piece whichdemands good voice control, the Mass was originally written in 1796 as a birthday present for Prince Ester Hazy’s wife, for whom Haydn was Kapel Meis ter. It is also known as the “Mass in time of War”, because when it was written Napoleon was moving his forces from Italy towards Vienna. Others recognize the piece as the “Drum Mass”, since the tympanis are frequently used, especially near the conclusion. Haydn applied them to stress the advances Napoleon was making towards Vienna. Tympanis were also very popular instruments during the time when the Mass was written.

for another

photo by jim carter

Sing along with ROD STEWART to the tunes of “SWEET

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ROCK

AND

ROLLER”

“TWISTIN’

THE

NIGHT

AWAY”

“YOU “MAGGIE

PLUS 2ND HIT “W”

WEAR

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the chevron

- - Boureois ideology

I reacted to Tim Grant’s feature on wages for schoolwork. with the deepest of disgust for its essence is the ideology of the bourgeoisie. On first reading I found 27 , bogus theories, which, with the smallest application of scientific methods of investigation, can be refuted. Grant’s basic method is to turn everything into its opposite by assertion. For instance, he goes into a long song and dance about how students are struggling against schoolwork. To prove this assertion; he drags up every example of resistance that students offer to the nature of the education system -dropping out, vandalism, truancy, absenteeism, opposition to arbitrary discipline and grades, long conversation in pubs in lieu of attending classes, using the same essay for several courses, etc.-and asserts that this represents a struggle against schoolwork itself. He contends that students assisting each other with assignments indicates their struggle against schoolwork! He even goes so far as to characterise the economic struggles of students to retain their right to an education-such as the national momentum against cutbacks-as further evidence that students are struggling against schoolwork. But it is not my intention to take too set-i-. ously these secondary points which any student can easily refute. Rather, I want to explain a few basic facts to Grant who hasn’t taken the time to study anything because it would, no doubt, be an incursion on his leisure time. Most of his theories can be subsumed under several main theories, the concentrated expressions of which are: -schoolwork is productive labour; -the aim fo human life is the pursuit of leisure ; -money in the form of higher wages is power; -money in the form of higher-wages is capita1 . I will leave the question of schoolwork asproductive labour to another disgusted reader who intends to analyse this assertion (see next week’s chevron), and will, instead, offer a few comments on the other three theories with whic,h not only Grant, but our motely crew of campus anarchists and various other opportunists are infatuated. Frederick Engels, by applying dialectical and historical materialism to the investigation of the transition from ape to man (Dialectics and Naturb) shows that human labour and the land are the sources of all \ wealthto the extent that labour is the basic condition for all human existence; that is, in order to live, people work. In describing the role that labour played in the transition, Engels proves that “labour created man himself ‘, that it was the struggle of man to rise above his simian ancestors, to gain mastery over nature in the struggle to survive by producing the crudest implements of production-it is this labour which made possible the evolution of human life into social life or societies. For example, Engels describes the development of the human hand which only in use over hundreds of thousands of years, achieved a high level of perfection, making it not only the “organ of labour” but also, “the product of labour”. Necessity created the hand as it created the other organs of the human body. And to what purpose? The purpose of engaging in productive labour to guarantee the existence of human life. Indeed, the first appearance of man is testimony to the fact that it is the aim of human life to engage- in productive labour. This advance of man from the ancient world into savagery, from savagery into barbarism and through the stages of civilisation to the current day-in that advance, each stage has been marked by enormous advances in the means of production achieved through the application of human labour power. It has been the social relations of

production, that is, relations between classes, which have acted as a fetter on the means of production. It has become necessary to burst asunder the social relations of production in order to free th% forces -bof production. But our Grant is not much interested in historical development, in the evidence of history which waxes eloquent on the dedication of human life to productive labouring. If he cares to read Capital by Karl Marx he will discover that without the labour process . is there is no life. “The-labour-process.. human action with a view to the production of use values, appropriation of natural substances to human requirements; it- is the necessary condition effecting change of matter between man and Nature; it is the everlasting yature-imposed condition of human existence”. (my emphasis) (The .-Labour Process, Capital, Vol. 1)

However, since the origin of class society characterized by the appropriation of private property by a few, it is certainly the case that not all of humankind has demonstrated the basic aim of human life. There is a class of bloodsucking coupon clipper-sand their kin who set human labour power to work who pay the labourers enough of a wage for their reproduction and subsistence, and appropriate the surplus value made off their backs. Enter the bourgeoisie ! It is the bourgeoisie who have no interest whatever in working. Instead, they dedicate their lives to putting others to work in the economic interests, so as to ensure this parasitical class the means to live in luxury and leisure. While the working class spends its wages on culturally defined necessities, the bourgeoisie buy yachts, international holidays, gourmet foods, etc.The working class has spent its bloodin the struggle for wages and-working conditions suitable to itself, to win back some of the wealth they produce. Through militancy, through unions, through class struggle, they have made great strides. Grant sees these struggles as geared to achieving ‘ ‘time and money to do whatever they choose to do”, since he thinks everyone disdains work. Applying his logic, wetwould have to conclude that these few workers who have been able to accumulate small savings would want to give up working to pursue a life of leisure. And yet this is not the case. And how does our erudite friend explain the following cases? -- Many students sacrifice the chance to accumulate earnings, choosing instead to get an education. Many who spend long years of schooling never catch up in these lost potential earnings or catch up only after many years. And what about all the people working at or below the minimum wage-national minorities, immigrants, women, youth-who search out any jobs and work at the meanest wages rather than accept a relatively higher standard of poverty on welfare? Before Grant jumps to cite the “abuse” of unemployment insurance, he should investigate this question and discover from which social class this so called “abuse” emanates. Grant is convinced that students go to school for the sole purpose of preparing “better jobs and higher themselves for This is an eminently practical atwages”. titude amongst students, particularly in the precarious job market of imperialism. But students want also to develop their capacities and seek an understanding of the world. While Grant sees nothing but hedonistic ambitions amongst his peers (or is it really Grant, speculating that everyone has his own self-serving motives?), I have yet to meet any students-save a few devotees of the who do not want to serve the bourgeoisiepeople. There is nothing ignoble about the --ambitions of students; it is only the training and jobs they get in a capitalist system which constrains and corrupts these ambitions. The theory that people don’t want to work is straightforward bourgeois ideologyanti-working classthe anti-people, bourgeoisie attacking students and workers, imputing to them the self-serving, lazy, -decadent and immoral interests of a dying ruling class. Further, it is only the bourgeoisie and those who serve them who have enough

contempt for the working class to take up slogans of “struggle against work”. In the opening paragraph of his feature, Grant puts forward his oft-repeated thesis that higher wages equals more power. “With higher wages, we hope to have more power to get what we- want out of life-timeto develop our interests, to enjoy family and friends-in a word, to do whatever we decide we want to do.” Having dispensed with the idea that the people are devoted to “doing their own thing” and that their own thing is the pursuit of leisure time activities, I want now to turn to the question of the relationship between wages and power. It is certainly true that workers engage in a constant class struggle to win higher wages and that these higher wages, in times of economic boom, may enable workers to enjoy a higher standard of living than previously . In the age of imperialism, when capitalism lies gasping on its deathbed, the final stage in the search for maximum profits forces the monopoly capitalists to intensify the exploitation of human labour power. This is expressed in the form of unemployment, lay-offs, speed-ups, overtime and terrible collusion and contention between the super-powers in their preparations for Third World-War in their vain hope of dividing up the world once more.In this post-Indochina era when the designs of the two superpowers are being repulsed by the nations and peoples of the world, in particular Asia, Africa and Latin America, the superpowers become even more fiercely competitive in the capitalist world. In Canada, that means that the puppet Trudeau government has to guarantee the profits and usurious interest rates of the New York billionaire financiers by impoverishing the working class and people of Canada. Hence, Bill C-73 (wage control legislation) and cutbacks in health, education and welfare spending come into being as the state steps up its campaign of fascist terror against the people. Meanwhile the government becomes more aggressive on the propaganda front in an effort to blame the people for the economic crisis and create hysteria about the “big three” -big government, big business and big unions”being at the root of the problem. In the interests of US imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism and the Canadian monopoly capitalist class, the state is spawning a barrage of lies in its mass media to create the illusion that “big unions” are too powerful, too much like ‘%ig government and big business”. Is the argument common to Grant and the state true to any extent? Have higher wages ever increased the power of the working class? Has the state enacted legislation in the interests of the working class on a par with or above the interests of the ruling class? Everybody knows the answers to these questions-no! no! no! And what does Grant assert? Higher wages equals more power! Power is the capacity to change society according to the interests of your social class. Who but the bourgeoisie has the power to do this under capitalism? When has a general rise in the rate of wages ever enabled the working class to become powerful, to control the state machinery? The bourgeoisie will never cede its power voluntarily to the working class. L It is also galling-that our puffed-up loafer would dare to talk about higher wages in a period when workers and the entire Canadian people (the bourgeois enemies of the people are not part of the people) are struggling for job security and to catch up with a catastrophic,rate of inflation which has reduced real wages to their most spartan. He also spews forth his nonsense as the state enacts one piece of anti-working class legislatio after another, although this surely is of no concern to him since he has such disdain for working people. In case Grant hasn’t heard, what Marx found to be true in his era of competitive capital isstill true a century- later. Labour and capitalists stand in relation to each other as oppressed and oppressor. Higher or lower wages does not change this relationship, it

friday,

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just affects the degree of robbery. It is only the various schools of opportunism who promote higher wages and lower profits as a just solution to the irreconcibale contradiction under capitalism. The equation, higher wages equals more power is nothing but mystification of the real nature ofsocial classes. Finally, the question of whether money is capital. Since Grant insists that money is power and since everybody knows that capital rules the capitalist world, it is fair to conclude his meaning to be that money is capital. In Part II, Volume I of Capital, Marx shows how money is transformed into capital and it is certainly not by the accumulation of wages for the purchase of commodities to sustain life! Ownership of capital is the basis of the bourgeois class and its power-ownership of capital is power. Capital is only “money which begets money”, which can be used to produce surplus value. Wages relatively low or high, have nothing in common with capital. What worker accumulates enough wages to convert the money form of value into valueproducing property? What do workers do who increase their wages and accumulate some savings? Do they buy land and get into development or do they buy a summer cabin for the use of their family? In the era- of monopolies, it is laughable to hear some intellecutal windbag talk about wages as if they can become capital. Perhaps our Grant hasn’t heard that “upward mobility” into the ruling class is a sociological fiction. Grant’s illogic on this question is the frothing of charlatans and mystifiers who clutch at straws to save capitalism from its impending demise. Too bad, Grant, your class loses ! But fret not, for in the short run you can use your theories as currency to become a parasite. You seem to have appropriate credentials to get in with the student federation bureaucrats. Marlene

Webber

./sraeli state The entire book review on Zionism is Ra- with lies that I can hardly decide where to begin in disputing it. Perhaps I will start with the maps included with it. Peace in the Middle East is obviously of no concern to the author, but I must inform him that there has been a treaty signed between Israel and Egypt, under which a substantial portion of the Sinai desert has been returned to Egypt. Of course, there is no reason to indicate that the land has been returned in the map of the Middle East ‘iN~~“, since it gives no evidence supporting the claim of “expansionism” by Israel. Having disposed of the illustrations, I am ?-eady to discuss the contents of the article. --There can be no doubt of the British ownership of Palestine, and the legitimacy of the Balfour declaration. The British gained Palestine by conquering its owners, the Turks, just as the Turks had conquered the Egyptian Marmelukes (who were not Arabs). In previous generations, the nation had been in the hands of the Crusaders, the Fatimite Caliphate of Egypt (who&o were not Arabs), the Moslems (for a period of less than two centuries) and the Romans (who . expelled the Jews in 70 A.D.). Never at any time did the Palestinian Arabs rule the country, or even exist as a political entity. The Arabs had not ruled in Palestine since the 9th century. This, then, was the “heroic struggle” ofthe Palestinians after over 1000 years of foreign domination-when it became evident that the British would defeat the Turks, the Palestinians joined in. Since the author conveniently ignores-the fact that Transjordan was part of Palestine until its first partition in 1923, it is left to me to point this out. The area of Jordan is 37737 sq. mi.; the area allocated to the Arabs in the 1948 partition was 4348 sq. mi.; Israel was allocated 5763 sq. mi. In other words, Israel was given an area equivalent to less than 12 percent of the area of Palestine, a far cry from the 57 percent cis+m is so filled

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which the article claims it was given. As for the claim that the Jews owned less than 6 percent of the land, a British Mandate census just prior to partition gives the figure as 8.6 percent. Furthermore, the rest of the land was not owned by the Arabs, as the author conveniently chooses not to point out-well over 70 percent of the partitioned area was owned by the British government. The author then goes on to claim that Palestine was partitioned at the instigation of the United States. This statement has absolutely no basis in fact-the idea of partition -was, of course, a British one, and the committee which decided on the actual details of the partition was an eleven-nation committee which did not include any of the “Big Powers ’ ’ . As for the claim that the Arab states entered Israel in 1948 only after Israeli provocation, I will let the Arab leaders speak for themselves. Azzam, Pasha, secretary-general of the Arab League declared in a speech in Cairo on May 15 (the date of partition): “This will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which ‘will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades.” Ma-hmoud Fawzi, the Egyptian foreign minister, informed the U.N. Security council on the same date : “The Royal Egyptian Government declares, now that the British Mandate in Pales tine has ended, that Egyptian armed forces have started to enter Palestine.?’ . ;- -., j The memoirs of Halad al Azm, the Syrian’ prime minister at the time, are even more enlightening, He states: “The ftith fact ((in the failure) was the call by the Arab govemments to the inhabitants of .Palestine to evacuate it and to leave for the bordering Arab countries. . .Since 1948, we have been demandingthe return of the refugees to their homes; but we ourselves are the ones who encoumged them to leave.. .We have brought destruction on a million refugees.” I must admit that the article is not without

its humourous points. It is the first time I have ever heard about the tremendous manpower superiority which Israel has over its enemies, which enabled it to win its War of Independence. As for the statement that Israel was armed with British weapons, I feel it incumbent on myself to point out that these weapons were purchased, not donated. I also feel obliged to ask what the Arabs were armed with-1 do know that the Brjtish Army’helped in the training of the Egyptian Army and allowed them the use of British military airfields. After the War of Independence, Jordan annexed the West Bank, and Egypt the Gaza strip: I can’t seem to recall any condemnation of the “expansionist, imperialist” gOVemments of Egypt and Jordan. The article goes on to state that Israel initiated three wars of aggression. I am not sure which three wars the author has in mind, for the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the Yom Kippur War of 1973 were both indisputably started by the Arabs. The statement that “Zionism and antiSemitism are one and the same” is too asinine to warrant discussion. The allegations of “Zionist collaboration with the Nazis” is the most regrettable, and certainly the biggest, of the many big lies of which this article is composed. The author mentions the ‘ ‘ fit tion of an international Jewish race-nation”. Since he considers the Jews fictitious, I am somewhat I curious as to what he considers “fact”. all pro-Palestinian & Finally, q-&&f as -;&&in j.& I(if.. (e,-$~‘h;ni&ht articles, df _g . secular democratic state in Palestine. How it will be secular I am not sure, for the PLO manifesto clearly calls for the expulsion of the Jews from the state. How it will be democratic is even more of a mystery-to this day, Yasser Arafat has still not been able to justify his position as a democratic leader of the Palestinians. What we are left with, then, is an allMoslem (secular) military’ dictatorship (democracy), which; in the black equals

white world prising.

of the author,

is not at all sur-

tive people, women, etc. As for my lost sense of humour, if to regain Owen Lei bman it means an ability to share the world view of 3B Mathematics the bourgeoisie, I’d just as soon do without. I should also point out to Bob Smith that this sense of humour-which he finds so lacking in me is part of the reason why the reactioRemember Paul Hellyer, cock on the nary Renison administration wants to silwalk, strutting across the PC convention ence me a teacher. I have consistently floor? Remember that same Paul Hellyer, failed to amused with the treachery of reduced to a petulent puddle whimpering to bourgeois social science. the press after the “Red Tories” said he As for Harold Klueless’ commendation of couldn’t be king- pin FASS for exposing the degree of drunkeness - of the party? Gerald Ford, president of a criminal imin our society, I’d suggest ‘that he write a perialist superpower sucking the blood of the satirical review of the government and the world’s people, recently proclaimed to the booze capitalists plotting in the back rooms world his righteous indignation against to replace the people’s blood with alcohol, Soviet and Cuban intervention in the internal instead of taking another swipe at the Native Peoples in the Northwest Territories for affairs of Angola. j on liquor. Closer to home, John Towler’s hair falls \ their per capita expenditure out on the Renison Board Room table The biggest laugh of all, of course, will everytime a faculty member catches him in a come when FASSists and their like will be lie-and that’s a lot of hair! nothing more than caricatures in a culture of Arthur Weiner (popularly known, it is the people. rumoured, as “hotdog”) scurries to the ’ ’ Marlen@ Webber bathroom when reminded that his contract may not be renewed. Rumour has it that his benefactors may have to let him go to prove that Marsha Forest’s firing wasn’t really political after all. Catch a glance in your mind’s eye of our philosopher king, Professor Narveson, pros,trating himself on the chevron before he We, the undersigned who were present at. dares to open it. Dear, God, may I not be too the Annual Meeting of the Federation of badly mutilated this week! Students (whichis the single most important Picture Shane Roberts, fire in his eyes, meeting for all the students at this Univerand alance like a wet noodle in hand, chargsity), would like to pose this question: ing at Maxwell Henderson’s belly. “Where -were you Phil Fernandez?” In the presence of scenes such as these, I Donna Rogers s Steve Prior can hardly maintain my decorum. Bob Smith L.A. Gervasio J.J. Long Tom Morrisey would probably wince, embarrassed that the Robert A.G. White Andrew Telegdi Gary Prudence high and mighty are really paper tigers. John Shortall , John Lee Humour, like everything else, serves one David Assman Dan Sautner class or another. Dryden Robin Howlett . 7 r I have no doubt that FASS was a barrel of Gary Phil Rogers Alan Kessel c buckles for the university administration Ian D. MacMillan Larry Pearson and the local bourgeoisie because it ridiculed Don C. Orth Harry Vandergany the people they oppress I and exploit Franz M. Klingender R.W. Renisopa -students, workers, welfare recipients, naRon Hatz -Doug Smart I

Whans wem you?

’ The glorious beer of Copenhagen ,-j

’

‘\

friday,

the chevron

%Are energy resoutiies The speaker at the annual public lecture sponsored last week by the earth science department was introduced as an exceptionally bright individual with an exceptionally successful academic career. He is presently head of the department of geology at UK and apparently we// recognized for his contributions in the field of geology. Approxiamtely forty people came to listen to Dr. l-i. Wynne-Edwards, whose talk did not in any way relate the present economic orders and social structures in the world to the topic of satisfying the needs of all people on this planet. As usual in this case, the question period was extremely short and a mere formality. The speaker promoted a systems approach and a global view for scientists but he himself omitted to analyze political economy and the major forces which shape the international and natfonal political scene. His ‘macrosystem’ was indeed very limited, and therefore his conclusions and suggestions for solutions were necessarily incorrect and meaningless. Following are two quotes from his speech. // . . .Another version of this address, which I gave as a convocation address at Memorial University some months ago, I called ‘Revalli’, and ‘Revalli’ was a title I chose not as a token concession to bilingualism but because ‘RevaIli’ is an early call to military assembly, and I think such a call is time/y. The machinery of war to be summoned however, is not marshal/, but is the matching of our wits and knowledge against the finite resources of the planet. That is really the theme that I want to develop now, and this marshal/-theme will come in again, because I intend to use some analogies between world wars one and two in terms of the world war that we are about to face, which is not going to be a military one, I don’t think, or I hope, but some sort of conflict that has to be resolved between the increasing world population and its aspirations and the finite resources that we have to supply them.” ’ “In such a prespective the struggle between people and nations have tromped to become temporal and almost inconsequential against the ultimate struggle of humanity for equilibrium and survival. I would like to think that history will show those expeditions to have been a major turning point, for the present detente in world relations certainly had its beginnings there. When you talked to Russian scientists in the last six months or so, you’ll find that they particularly introduce their conversations with this kind of comment: The world is too small to fuzz about-national problems and so on-and that we have to get together.” The following two articles reprinted from ‘Peking Review’ should serve to refute the theories of ‘finite resources’ and ‘exhaustion of energy’.

The essence of energy is motion of matter. The world of matter is never-ending, as are the motion of matter and energy in nature. Therefore, human cognizance and utilization of energy sources also is neverending. Chairman Mao has said: “The history of mankind is one of continuous development from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom. This process is neverending.”

The history of development of the cognizance and utilization of energy sources in nature is also a vivid description of a dialetical process of development. Of course, transformation of energy sources is carried out under definite conditions; so is energy in nature transformed into energy available to humanity. In class society such conditions are determined by class struggle, the struggle for production and the levels of scientific experiment. The practices of human beings are developing continuously. Therefore, energy sources have been constantly developing. What was not considered energy sources previously have been changed into important energy sources. The process of the struggle in the cognizance and utilization of energy sources is precisely one in which human beings incessantly study the conditions of transformation so as to render more and more energy available for the progress of society. Theoretically wrong views Views of “energy exhaustion” in human history have been varied. Such views are wrong theoretically, either because they take a metaphysical approach to the problem of energy and deny the infinity of the material world and the indestructibility of the motion of matter, or because they take an isolated and absolute approach to the definite conditions for the transformation of the motion of matter. Politically, such views meet the needs of the declining reactionary classes and are used by them as tools against progress. In China, Ssuma Kuang (1019-1086 A.D.), a disciple of Confucius and Mencius, preached that “material and wealth in nature are finite” at a time when the landlord class was becoming increasingly reactionary. In Europe, when the bourgeoisie was becoming more and more reactionary, the socalled “theory of the death of heat” by Clausius appeared. He maintained that with the continuous dissipation of heat, ’ there I would finally be a

limited state in which no heat energy could be found which can be transformed into mechanical power, even though the world’s total amount of heat energy did not decrease at that time. The universe would then remain in a somewhat inert and rigid condition. His assumption tallied with the needs of the reactionary classes so much so the Pope listed it as one of the “scientific evidences” for proving the existence of God. Basing himself on the dialecticalmaterialist principle that motion is indestructible, Engels thoroughly criticized Clausius’ theory, pointing out that “the indestructibility of motion cannot be merely quanit must also be conceived titative, qualitatively.” (Introduction to Dialectics of

Nature.) The development of the natural sciences has continued to confirm Engels’ brilliant thesis. At present, with the deepening of the imperialist system’s crises, the reactionary view of “energy exhaustion” is once again being blared to cover up that system’s decline. One U.S. paper claimed: “We can see the bottom of the barrel.” The Soviet revisionists talk nonsense such as: “Mankind has before it a genuine catastrophe-energy hunger.” These reactionary views not only run counter to the materialistdialetical theory of knowledge, but also to the historical facts of energy development. History Known

of Energy energy

deposits

Development are

increasing.

The view of “energy exhaustion” does not correspond with objective reality existing in nature. Deposits of petroleum, natural gas and‘ coal, which are the primary energy sources today, have not all been found due to the limitations of social systems, the level of development of production and other reasons. For instance, old China was deemed an “oil-poor” country, but rich petroleum sources have been found in New China. The. history of the discovery of energy deposits like petroleum, coal and natural gas in different countries of the world has proved this fully. According to statistics published by the U.S. World Oil and Oil and Gas Journal, exploitable oil reserves discovered in the world (excluding China) were estimated at over 6,000 million tons in 1939 and over 90,000 million tons in 1974. New oil fields have been found continuously in the continental shelves. The same is the case with discoveries of natural gas reserves. Nearly

2,000,OOO million cubic metres were found in 1939 and 70,000,OOO million cubic metres in 1974. All this demonstrates that increasing amounts of global energy deposits like petroleum, natural gas and coal have been steadily discovered. Moreover, there is a long way to go before humanity discovers all the deposits and makes full use of them. New energy sources which can be utilized by humans are on the increase. With the prog-

ress of human society, nature’s range of energy sources which can be utilized is always being extended. New energy sources are being discovered. Humans only knew how to burn wood as energy in ancient times. However, several thousand years ago, coal and natural gas were used as energy. In the 20th century, we started utilizing nuclear energy. Viewed from how energy as >a motive force was utilized, the earliest sources of energy as power in production was natural mechanical energy like water and wind power which could be used directly. Afterwards, through the use of steam engines, heat energy was transformed into mechanical energy, so that the naturally abundant mineral fuels became power sources for social production. Since the 19th century when the transformation of electric energy and other energies was discovered, electric energy has become the most widely used form of energy. Nuclear fission energy, which is now being used extensively by the power industry, and nuclear fusion energy, whose power is much greater that that of nuclear fission, will become energy sources too. As soon as controlled thermonuclear reaction comes into being, the vast expanse of sea water will become an inexhaustible energy source. It is estimated that the energy stored in

12, 1976

march

finite? deuterium in the world’s oceans can be used for 10,000 million years, if the present level of consumption is maintained. In addition, the earth itself is a big thermal energy reservoir. It has an enormous amount of heat along with energy countless times greater than the total energy of deposits of coal, petroleum and natural gas-the present primary energy sources. Utilization of the abundant energy contained in terrestrial heat is only in its infancy. Free from pollution, solar energy has not yet been directly used on a large scale. Besides with the development of human society, new energy sources will be discovered to serve the people. Utilization efficiency beings is getting higher.

of energy

by human

The development of energy sources shows that humanity not only is continuously extending the range of energy utilization, but also raising its utilization efficiency. For example, the thermal efficiency of the steam engine attained in its initial stage was only several per cent, but now it goes as high as 30-40 per cent. With the development of industrial production and the raising of technical levels, the utilization efficiency of energy is getting higher and higher. For instance, popularization of steam-power apparatuses with a large capacity and high parameters, promotion of gas input parameters of the gas turbine, application of gas-steam combined cycles and the magneto-hydro-dynamic generator and fuel cells now being studied411 these are pioneering the way to higher energy utilization efficiency. The utilization ratio of uranium in nuclear fission energy sources is being raised time and again. In the thermal neutron reactor generally used for its power nowadays, the rate can only reach l-2 per cent, but it might be raised to 60 per cent or more by using the fast-neutron breeder reactor. continued on page 25

~~~

Oil is a aood examde -

Nineteen seventy-five was a year in which the third world oil producing countries persisted in using oil as a weapon and achieved new, important victories in the struggle against colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism in the economic filed. Approaching collapse of oil concession system One of the main indications of the deepening of the struggle was the drift to total collapse of the oil concession system-one important form of plunderimposed by imperialism on the oil producing countries for over a century. These third world countries waged an unremitting struggle in 1975 to recover sovereignty over their oil resources. On December 1, the Kuwait Government announced the takeover of all remaining shares and assets of foreign monopoly capital which controlled the Kuwait Oil Company; on December 8, the Iraqi President announced the nationalization of the remaining foreign shares in the Basra Oil Company; the Venezuelan Government on New Year’s Day this year completely took over the oil industry run by foreign capital. Up to now, all-round oil nationalization has been achieved by Iran, Kuwait, Venezuela and the Congo; Algeria controls 80 per cent of the country’s oil production; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Libya and Nigeria have taken over 50 to 60 per cent of the oil shares from foreign companies. The inspiring excellent situation demonstrates that the third world oil producing countries not only gained political independence but also made further advances on the road of economic independence. Of the “states within states” formed by foreign monopoly companies, some have been uprooted and others are tottering. While recovering their sovereignty over oil resources and controlling oil exploitation, many oil producing countries of the third world are also taking over the oil marketing, transportation and refining businesses from foreign monopoly capitalists. In 1975, the third world oil producing countries took into their own hands the sale of one-fifth of the total crude oil produced. In oil transportation, they made great efforts to develop an independent maritime oil transport service. The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries established the Arab Oil-Tankers Company which has a fleet of Arab oil-tankers. In the refining field, strenuous efforts were made to develop the industry. When the second Teheran refinery was built, it brought the number of Iranian refineries to five, with a total capacity of 35.1 million tons a year. Hard blows at old international economic order Another indication of the development of the oil struggle was that the oil weapon once again showed its mighty power in pounding at the old international economic order ,and contributed to the establishment of a new one. Who decides and how to decide the price of oil is a question of economic “order”. In the past, the price was determined at will by big international monopolists who forced oil prices down to the lowest level to cruelly exploit the third world oil producing countries. The old order, however, has been smashed in the oil struggle. These third world countries, the owners of oil, have wrested back the right to determine prices and thus put an end to the situation whereby the imperialists could wantonly plunder cheap oil. The oil producing countries rationally adjusted prices which had been forced down for a long time. continued on page 25

friday,

march

This thesis

the chevron

12, 1976

was presented

by Dr. (can you believe

it?) Wynne

Edwards

at a recent

lecture

at UW.

continued

from

page

In short, the history of the development energy sources fully testifies that “ideas continued

from

page

stagnation, pessimism, cency are all wrong.”

How to govern relations between the oil producing and the industrialized countries between states on an equal footing is another question of “order”. “Dialogue” instead of the exploited having to meekly obey the dictates of the exploiters has begun to be the order of the day. This is another breach made in the old international economic order in the field of oil. With the steady growth of the third world’s struggle against colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism, more and more industrialized countries of the second world have had to take a somewhat realistic attitude towards the reasonable demands and just measures of the third world oil producing countries in recent years. Key lies in united struggle Facts over the past year further proved that the key to the constant victories won by the third world oil producing countries lies in the fact that they persisted in their unity and dared to wage resolute struggles against superpower hegemonism. The first summit conference of the member states of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) held in Algiers last March was a milestone in the oil struggle highlighted by unity among oil producing countries. The Solemn Declaration adopted at the conference set the new common tasks and a unified strategic principle for the next stage of the struggle which guided the actions of the oil producing countries in 1975. Kuwait was a case in point. It met stubborn resistance from foreign oil companies in the nine-month marathon negotiations on the takeover of their oil shares in the country. But it emerged victorious from the just struggle after other Gulf oil producing countries declared their resolute support for Kuwait even at the expense of their own economic interests if need be. Unity and co-operation between the oil producing countries and other third world countries also were enhanced last year. The February conference of developing countries on raw materials in Dakar in which some 80 countries took part adopted a special resolution expressing “solidarity with all decisions made by all developing countries, particularly the OPEC member countries. ” The oil producing countries gave more assistance to third world countries in economic difficulties. According to a report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, financial aid undertaken by OPEC member states to other developing countries in 1975 would exceed 21,000 million dollars, a 40 per cent increase over 1974. This,amounted to more than 20 per cent of the OPEC member states’ oil revenue. Major significance of struggle The oil struggle has greatly deflated the arrogance of the hegemonists. But the danger of war in the world today is evidently increasing. The oil contention between the two superpowers is intensifying. Further deepening the oil struggle by the third world countries not only is essential to the defence of their state sovereignty and development of their national economics but also vitally important for the struggle to oppose the superpowers’ arms expansion and war preparations, prevent them from launching a war of aggression and preserve world peace. The people of the world are sure to score new and greater victories on the oil front in the new year.

inertia

and compla-

Reflection of the crisis capitalist system

’

The so-called energy crisis in the capitalist world today is a product of the imperialist system itself and an indication of its aggravating decay. Bragging about her prosperity, the United States boasts that her population constitutes only 6 per cent of the world’s population but the energy sources she expends are one-third of the world’s total. This is a typical example of waste and destruction of energy sources due to decadent relations of production. Energy sources in the United States are consumed in large quantities for arms expansion and war preparations, 10 per cent of the petroleum and 33 per cent of the industrial electric power are devoted to the production of munitions. The reactionary and decadent nature of Soviet revisionist social-imperialism is also reflected in the question of energy sources. It wantonly plunders the third world’s energy sources for huge profits. In the past few years, its imports of low-prices crude oil from the Middle East have sharply increased: 100,000 tons in 1967, over 7 million tons in 1972, and over 13 million tons in 1973.

The Soviet revisionists compelled the Arab countries to pay for their munition debts with cheap petroleum which was resold to European and American countries at a much higher price in order to rake in enormous profits. It is because of the wild exploitation and plunder by the imperialists, especially the two superpowers, that the third world has to use petroleum as a weapon against them. “Energy exhaustion” and “hunger for energy” uttered by the two superpowers actually mean the crisis of their policy of plunder and hegemonism, showing that they

can no longer ravage the third world as they please. Take petroleum again as an example. According to statistics published in the United States, total discovered world pertoleum reserves in 1974 was 93,800 million tons, but total world output of petroleum that year was 2,800 million tons only. How can there be “exhaustion” and “hunger”? The fact is that around 80 per cent of the known reserves is in the third world. With the third world steadily awakening and growing in strength, the superpowers can no longer plunder it at will. The frantic cries of the two hegemonic powers about “energy exhaustion” is but a smokescreen to cover up and create public opinion to facilitate their aggression and plunder. Whenever the U.S. imperialists seized Middle East petroleum in the past, they first of all created public opinion about “energy exhaustion.” After World War I, the U.S. propaganda machine was put to work clamouring that “U.S. petroleum resources will soon be exhausted.” Soon afterwards, the U.S. State Department clamoured that “open-door” and “equal opportunity” principles should be adopted for the exploitation of Middle East petroleum resources. Thus the U.S. oil monoploy groups made their way into the Middle East. After World War II, these monopoly groups once again raised a hue and cry about “energy exhaustion,” howling that all U.S. produced petroleum had been used up and that if they were to maintain their civilization on the basis of petroleum, they should be ready to go into those petroleum rich areas. Soon after this, they managed to control most of the petroleum resources in the Middle East. The same can be said of the Soviet revisionists. Their “energy hunger” cry is a smokescreen to conceal their outrageous plunder of petroleum wealth so as to wrangle with the U.S. imperialists over Middle East oil. All this illustates that the so-called energy crisis is a crisis of the imperialist system itself. With the victorious advance of the third world countries and the people of the whole world in their struggle against imperialism, there will soon emerge a new and unprecedented bright era in the history of development of energy sources.

. 26

the chevron

friday,

Angola I . The,4war goes --, underground The following feature is based on an interview with jeremiah Chitunda, representative to the United Nations from the National Union for the Total independence of Angola (UNITA). Chitunda was interviewed February 23 by People’s Canada Daily News, from which this a rtkle’ is reprinted.

The first thing to realise is that what . 5 . MPLA is calling a “military victory” is no real victory at. all. To begin with, it is Soviet-backed Cuban and other foreign invaders that are making the military manoeuvers in Angola and how can this be equated with an MPLA victory? UNITA leadership anticipated the possibility of a large-scale invasion and has been making preparations for the last several months. The cities which Cuban-MPLA forces have reported capturing are, in most cases, no longer cities but ghost towns. Let us take the example of Huambo as a case in point. UNITA fighters held out under a barrage of multiple rocket launchers attacking for over a week. These rocket launchers had a devastating effect on the town and did a lot of destruction. Finally, the military command decided it was time to withdraw from the city and evacuation operations began. By the time Cuban-MPLA forces entered Huambo the urban population had gone from roughly 80,000 to less than 2,000 occupants ! The people, under UNITA’s leadership, had melted into the countryside and MPLACuban forces took over an empty city. This situation was the same in many of the other towns1 which forces Inave “capturea 19,. Cuban-MPLA We have foreseen this offensive and UNITA strategy now is to return to exclusive guerilla campaigns and consolidate our bases in the rural countrvside among the large majority of the population-the peasant -masses. Uam 11b1b)

thec11u

ciUICucL&~“11 tavatinn

hwx lLw

nnt 11°C

rhan&-l “IIUII~VU

i1.1 n

at-w urns,

fundamental way. UNITA still holds political power in 50% of the land area of Angola and controls 60% of the population. The fact that empty cities have been taken over has not changed this basic situation. Even in those towns which Cuban-MPLA forces have occupied, to speak of their “controlling” them is not really accurate. The invaders are mainly trying to secure the main transportation arteries, highways, e tc . and have not established any administrative apparatus in these towns. I just heard Mr. Castro-say that he is going to send 40,000 Cubans to Angola. He may have in mind sending them as settlers to occupy these empty towns!. The invaders are going to face real problems for production and food supplies. This is unlike UNITA, which has no problems with food supplies since we enjoy the support of the basic peasant masses. So when MPLA speaks of a victory it must be seen in this light. Similarly, their recognition internationally cannot change the basic situation inside the country. We remember that fqr 20 years it was C hi,ang Kais hek who “represented” the Chinese people in the UN and in other places after the government of the People’s Republic of China was established. The recognition of MPLA is a paperrecognition, and has come about as a result of the massive propaganda campaign and pressure by the two super-powers and by a big campaign by the Soviet Union in particular to pressure the OAU into recognising MPLA. We were not surprised by this development and our position is clear: We will not be bullied by anyone! On the inte’mational front there are other developments which give the lie to alleged UNIT&South African~~coope~ration+ It, can.

be seen by one and all that it is MPLA and South Africa which are showing great wil-

lingness to negotiate. This is a first in the history of African liberation movements that negotiation in this way takes place between the South African fascists and MPLA. This is becoming a very big exposure of the MPLA. . It is also clear now that Cuban troops are _ not in any way engaging the South African troops. .They are not heading south to Azania, nor are they involved with South African troops in Namibia or anywhere else. The Soviet social-imperialists have sent Cuban mercenaries to ‘get UNITA’ and this _ is another big exposure. Alleged. atrocities These press reports of UNITA atrocities and mass killings are absolute lies. To begin with, UNITA has neither motive nor reason to be killing any of the Angolan people. Those soldiers that have been captured are being properly treated and can be visited at

Gulf Oil Co. resumes operations in Angola After months of slandering UNITA in Angola as “pro-western”, “western-backed”, etc., the Soviet Union was caught with its pants down when the U.S. State Department gave its go-ahead to Gulf Oil Co. and Boeing Aircraft Corp. to resume business which was interrupted by the civil war. This business was resumed at the repeated request of the MPLA leader, Agostino Neto as well as other high MPLA officials. The sum involved in the Gulf Oil deal is variously reported to range between $100 million (Toronto Globe and Mail, Monday, February 23, 1976), and $500 million (London Times, February 2, 1976) The most accurate figure, however, probably is the New York Times figure of $200 million. This money is a portion of the oil royalties due to the Angolan people for 1975 which now goes into coffers of MPLA. The money has been in an interest bearing trust account since sometime between September and January last year to be handed over to whichever government establishes control in Angola. This sum far surpasses the amount of aid said by the Soviet Union to have been given to FNLA by the U.S. imperialists. UNITA has received no aid from the U.S. imperialists, whatsoever. The payment of the royalties gives Gulf a free hand to exploit the oil resources in the Angolan province of Cabinda.

The alleged sum of $33 million given by the U.S. to the FNLA was enough in the eyes of the Soviet Union to taint both FNLA and UNITA with the charge of being U.S. imperialist agents, but when their own “genuine liberation movement”, MPLA, actually invites the U.S. to plunder Angolan oil under a deal worked out by the Portuguese colonialists, and accepts money in payment, this is not called “receiving western backing”. No, it is politely said by Tass that the deal <“may be assessed as the first step toward the establishment of (U.S.) diplomatic relations with the MPLA government.” In other words, the Soviet Union’s own chosen faction has the right to sell out to either imperialist superpower without complaint from the Soviet Union. But those who resist both superpowers, like UNITA, have no rights and just to resist Soviet socialimperialism and Cuban invasion is to be branded an “agent of U.S. imperialism.” This arrogant superpower which one day said that conditions in Angola did not exist for a political settlement between the three liberation movements and only a few days later declared that it has “never opposed a political settlement” to the Angolan problem, has now revealed what the substance of its “political settlement” is. U.S. imperialism and Soviet social-imperialism “peacefully” decide to set Angolans against Angolans and then together sit down to share the spoils.

march

12, 1976

any time by an international agency to verify it. These horror stories are being promoted by the imperialist press with a two-fold aim: to turn international public opinion against UNITA and to try and turn the Angolan people against UNITA. But our people will never believe these lies. If you want to see atrocities visit Cuban-MPLA headquarters in Luanda-thatis where the torture houses are and we are being accused by the enemy of the things he himself is doing. Current situation Our present strategy is to consolidate our liberated areas in the countryside. We’have prepared the fighters and the masses for a protracted struggle which we know will last for months and quite possibly a number of years. We are not following the strategy of trying to re-capture towns and cities at the present time. They do not have the military importance. Rather, we are deploying our 30,000 guerilla fighters in the following fashion. Some 12,000 troops are now organized and dispersed throughout the country in, guerilla fashion as shock troops. There is no positional warfare but rather attacks on the enemy troops and enemy-held towns. The remainder of our troops are throughout the countryside-organized as part of the People’s Defense Guards in the liberated areas or carrying out political work amongst the population. We- are well-equipped for this kind of guerilla warfare and our light weapons are ideal and in good supply for this kind of battle. Even before the evacuation of Huambo by our UNITA Command, our commanders and our President had prepared the underground headquarters. We were not caught by surprise on any front. At present we are carrying out attacks on the enemy- positions. Just a few days ago there were successful attacks and more -Cuban soldiers were captured. Just recently also, we intercepted a large column of supplies going from Huambo to a location near Serpa Pinto, which were intended for the Cuban troops. Interestingly, although UNITA is not in Serpa Pinto, the Cuban invaders have not been able to enter that town yet because of the resistance of the local population. So as you can see this “victory” and “occupation” which the Soviet-backed Cuban mercenaries and MPLA are claiming is a most superficial thing and cannot for one moment negate our struggle for total independence and victory. Our people are in good condition, and fighting spirit and morale is just as high as ever. We will never \ be corrupted and will fight on until complete victory.

friday,

march

12, 1976

the chevron

Our hn,gs and theiii pri@Fits \ ; ..‘.

Whether you smoke or not, cigarettes are dangerous to your health. -. Now chances are you don’t smoke. Fewer than half of Canadian adults do. Chances are also good that several times a day you come in contact with someone who is smoking. You become a ‘ ‘second-hand” smoker, unwil. lingly inhaling the fumes of other peoplels cigarettes. If you are the ‘one out of ten’ people who has a respiratory allergy, you may start coughing or wheezing when someone lights up near you. Your eyes may get itchy and red. You may even feel a little. dizzy. But it’s what’s inside that counts. In a smoky room, even a non-smoker may be inhaling the equivalent of a pack a day. ,The effects of inhaling that much are well known. About 5,000 people die in Canada every year from lung cancer. Seventy per cent of ’ these cases can be attributed to smoking, according to a physician with the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Ottawa. 2,600 die from emphysema. 48,000 from heart dise&i. These statistics about death and disease are only one side of the story though. Tobacco is more than an addiction. It’s an industry, a highly profitable business !. Gross profits In 1974, Canada’s tobacco manufacturers grossed $1.5 billion, -about $215 from each and every smoker. They made a profit of $5 . million. At the same time the federal and _. provincial governments took in $720 million in taxes on tobacco. A lucrative field for the four multi_ national corporations involved, and the government as well. The largest of these companies is IMASCO. IMPERIAL TOBACCO, it’s chief subsidiary, makes.23 of the 50 brands of cigarettes available across Canada. In addition to Imperial, Imasco owns TOP DRUG MART’S 40 stores, 280 branches of THE UNITED CIGAR STORE/INCLINATION SHOPS, 19 sporting goods store, TIC TAC breath mints, and six food manufacturers, as well. The largest cigarette manufacturer is ROTHMANS. J?art of a world wide corporation, Rothmans is owned, indirectly, by a South African millionaire. In Canada his empire includes three breweries-Carling, O’Keefe, / and Dow, four wineries-Jordan’s, Villa, Chalet, and Grower’s, also an Alberta oil and gas e-xploration firm. Finally, there are BENSON AND HEDGES, and MacDONALDS. 1 Benson and Hedges, a division of Phillip Morris, recently divested itself of Formosa Breweries. The American parent firm, however, still owns Miller Breweries in the U.S., an Australian winery, and several other companies. MacDonalds, which until 1974 was a Canadian company, is now owned by R.J. Reynolds. It is a relatively small operation, controlling about 18 per cent of the tobacco market, and several textile companies. In a bid for a larger share of the market, MacDonalds has recently launched a new brand, called Cavalier, with a one million dolar advertising campaign, Advertising is a key factor in tobacco sales, The companies spe,nt a combined total of about $20 million in 1974, .which works out to about $3 per smoker per year in Canada, twice as much per capita as the I .U.S, companies spend on ads. ’ Enough to ensure that Canadians

Nearly twice the’ danger level of cigarette. Other experiments show rank second in the world in the carbon monoxide was recorded in that Vitamin C in your body is denumber of cigarettes smoked per - capita (just behind the U.S.). another experiment. In the chair stroyed by chemicals in the smoke. The smoke is thicker in Ontario next to a person who had smoked In fact, smoking one cigarette and Quebec, where statistically, j seven cigarettes in one hour, in a neutralizes as much Vitamin C as the average smoker consumes over ventilated room, there were conyou would get from eating a 10,000 cigarettes a year-about 29 centrations of carbon monoxide of medium sized orange, about 25 mila day! 90 parts per million. The danger liglams. level is 50 p.p.m. Good guys If this begins to read like a well ventilated office can raise the Kids suffer melodrama, with the tobacco comtar level in the air to 36 times the Children are the most unfortupanies cast as the Bad Guys, and safety level in +ccepted clean air nate victims of cigarette smoke, smokers and non-smokers alike as standards. Children whose mothers smoke are Innocent Victims, well, Take Ten cigarettes were smoked in a slower in school, and shorter than Heart! There are Good Guys car, during another experiment, their classmates whose parents do too! The Good Guys in this fight are and carbon monoxide reached the not smoke, according to an English citizen’s groups which have formed same dangerous level. The blood StUdy. across Canada and’the U.S., with of both smoking and non-smoking When both parents smoke, a passengers showed four times the child is twice as likely to get acronyms like GASP, ANSR, and normal level of carbon monoxide ASH. pneumonia or bronchitis before the Despite small memberships and two hours later, and twice the norage of one. Smoking during prelow budgets, these organizations mal level foirr hours later. gnancy increases the risk of death have been fighting the million dolBlood clots can result from the I for the newborn infant by 24 per lar publicity machines for the riaht nicotine that non smokers inhale cent and substantially reduces to a cleaner individual envir&just from being near _a burning birth weight. ment . GASP, the Group Against ’ Smokers’ Pollution, is probably the best known of these lobbies. Founded in the United States several years ago, GASP is an official arm of the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association in _ Ontario. They have distributed over 100,000 buttons which say “GASP! Non-Smokers Have Rights, Too. ’ ’ Another 75,000 buttons have been given out marked with the international no smoking symbol, a burning cigarette inside.a red circle with a diagonal bar through it. Other groups are active from coast tocoast. There is STOP(Society To Overcome Pollution) in .Montreal. And ANSR (Association . for No&Smokers Rights) in Toronto, which has a number of sympathetic smokers as members of the Board of -Directors, ~_ The people in these organizations are winning battles, too. In North York, shoppers can be fined $50 for smoking in supermarkets now. In Edmonton and Toronto, smoking has been banned from city council meetings. In. Quebec, courts ordered CN to pay $50 each to three non-smokers because regulations providing a non-smoking section on a train were not enforced despite their -.-- insistence. ~--.-~-. , In Toronto, 500 people lined up to eat at the 125 seat Mirabelle Restaurant when they had a special non-smokers’ night. The combined public health departments of British Columbia and Vancouver financed a summer project publicizing the right of non-smokers to object. Finally, over 100 Toronto taxi drivers request passengers not to smoke in their cabs. The deadly streain Non-smokers object to secondhand smoke because, as one Toronto organizer said, ‘ ‘the fumes are more than just annoying, . they’re dangerous. ” Six times more smoke is emitted from the burning end of a cigarette than from the puffing end. This sidestream smoke, as it is called, is more hazardous. It contains 50 times as much ammonia. Five times as much carbon monoxide. Three times as much benzyprene, which may be a cause of cancer. Significantly more cadmium, which experts report, may cause emphysema. And twice ‘as much tar and nicotine. The pollutants can reach astonishing concentrations, even though this sidestream smoke is diluted by spreading throughout. an entire room. A NASA scientist calculates that a singlecigarette smoked in a typical

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Precisely because inhaling ‘second hand’ cigarette smoke can be as dangerous as smoking itself, perhaps even more dangerous, non-smokers are no’ longer being the silent majority. They are asking people not’ to smoke in their homes or cars. The desperately addicted are requested to step outside when they need a quick pti. The non-smokers demand that the rules be enforced in no smoking sections on planes, trains and buses. You can do it too. Take a stand. Speak out. Join a non-smokers association. In numbers there is strength, and strength will be needed to get laws,passed to ensure non-smokers’ sections in movies, restaurants, sports arenas, offices, classrooms.. . Maybe someday smoking will only be allowed in private, between consenting adults.

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.--. . -. -- -_---A. Member: Canadian *uiiversity pre& (elk). The chevron is typeset by rnernbers of the workers’ union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federition of students incorporated, university of water-loo. Content is the ’ sole responsibility of the chevron editorial staff. Offices are located in the campus centre; (519) 8851660, or univqrsity local 2331.

odds and ends in a week which featured the student federation calling for mass demos and rallies to oonfmnt the ontarb government’s cutbacks in education and bocial ‘senices. at least it’s a start, and we dM at the chevron can only encourage our student leaders to take up confrontation politics tu avert further deter&ration and erosion of peoples services. pm duction this weeks graham gee, wini mertens, dave anjo, diane ritza, nlna tymoszewicz, Sylvia , hauck, henry hess, loris genasio, jim carter, qeil docherty,- myles kesten, laura mclachlan, isabella grlgoruff, chris dufault, chrls jones, george ebler, john sakamoto, and woody wwdpecker.

28 .

the chevron

friday,

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12, 1976