_
University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario vo,hme 16, number 24 friday, noyember 28, 1975
,/ns;&
During one of oqr /ate night vigils at tk chevron, off&our intrepid graphix artist caught this turnkey his/her/its (3) nightly rounds of the campus centre. No wonder no on& sleeps there anymore! ,_\ \
Demands for an .accessible education’system will be ignored by politicians if ‘students don’t come out to support changes in student aid and university funding. -That was the co&ensus r&ched at Wednesday’s f&um on student aid held in the Campus Centre and attended by 200 students. The event was staged by the UW student federation to drum up support among students for public hearingi of a provincial government committee charged with reviewing student financial aid schemes. P The hearings will be held Dec. 4-5 in London and January 21 in Toronto. ., ‘2f Ps just another groub of ‘stu\ /
Of74G
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_‘,
Rodney on African liberation ....... Selling out the resource-s ........ r .. Division of labour -. Women in prison ...................... .............
p. 1 I p. 13 .p.24 p.26
He said politicians aren’t inHarries said the recently redent bureducrats submitting a Cartada Student Loan Plan terested in what OFS thinks since leased Henderson report contains brief (on student aid) to the gov(CSLP). they want to know what sort of su& “extreme proposals” for uniernment ; we won’t get anywhere ,” OSAP is-based on an assessment mass support the organization has. versities and colleges that if stufedefatio/n presidelit:lohn Sh&all of financial need and consists of an dents fail to mobilize around them, sai&- Students should @so mobilize an future generations of students will ’ $800 f&deral loan and provincial He was referr*g to an Ontario “ongoing struggle” against govgrant for the remainder up to a rnwbe.unable to enjoy the mini&l beFederation of Studenti. (OFS) brief ernment cuts. in the -universitie> imum of $3,200 per year, and CSLP which calls for a revam@ijng.of the lbudgets, the student aid programs nefits of post-secondary education. is a federal all-loan plan with less existing student aid programs to and -the general quality of educaThe right-wing of the. Progressive str;ingent eligibility criteria, allow greater accessibility to posttion; -Harries said. Consenmtive Party is setting up a Several studehts at the%&m secondary education. situation to “qrucw’ certain Sec- raised The gove&ent is already parquestions about the role The OFS will need the full suptions of the public, such as stu- 1 OFS should play in developing ing down c&es in the cdmmunity a. port of students to push for submaSS student movement colleges to the “bare essentials” _ ‘dents, which are least able to take stantial changes in thb education care of .themselves by releasing this and this is a sign of what will hapSome fqlt OFS shot&l coccensystem, Shod1 said. repot, H&es said. pen to universities, the OFS fieldtrate’ more on ornanizinn students ’ OFS fieldworker Chris ’ Harries worker add& The report, drafted by a wpecial rather than ” bacl&om p~litickg” said unless studenfs come out en provihcial committee on governwith government officials. “The p&t-secondary educamasse to the hearin& the organizament spending, calls for a 65 per Others felt OFS ,should first tional systeni is and will he treated tion can’t do anything. “OFS can’t cent hike in tui&ion (spread over a prove that it represents students as a transmission belt for industry do everything alone-it needs ac.three to four-year period), a $40 when it addresses the government in the prbvince.” tive student support.” million cut in student aid programs’, by niobilizing students to come to and other cutbacks in programs and these meetings. They believed administrative costs. OFS couldn’t do very much unless, it had the commitment of students. “Sttidents should go to these public hearings to show that - . Shortall replied saying the OFS they’re serious about these cutprepares its briefs for students to backs in educatiqm,” .Harries read yf not just,the government. soap, we’ll lose our positions, and I union, Howard said. , In ad&tron, he said OFS is trying to f Another professor called on her urged.believe we shouldn’t capitulate.” Harries, elaborating on the OFS do its best t0 Or&U'liZe students . . colleagues to “unite with the stuOthers professors expressed the Harries said students need to put dents who just today (manesday) vie+ that faculty associations acbrief, said student aid progrsims into their moveoppose the de_cid_ed to ross the province which have unshould be viewed with the follow- Y some substance ment by outlining specific organicutbacks .” ionized have done so in reaction to government’s ing points in mind: administration moves to fire inThe union question arose Chile the standard of living of students zational tactics* association members were discus;structors arbitrarily. will continue to fall with the reOn? such tactic would be to sing their wage increases for The professors at Celeton Unisult that more pupils will be boycott classes if the government . vim-77. versity formed a union because droppfng but; and decides to up tuition. “If the govThe association members decided there was a feeling among them that -the structuresyof existing student erdment wants to raise fees, we can to request that the ‘university’give aid programs promote an unthe administration n?eded ‘tsmartell them that’s alright but we won’t tening up’ ’ , said Jay Howard, a them a 10 per cent increase effecH@ policy xOf accessibility t0 pay them." tive JulL 1976, in addition to costmechanical enginee&g professor. universities. ’ . If students did decide to boycott of-living adjustments intended to In addition, only six, per cent of Howard said the way to deal with classes, people- would take/them up the salary scale through the next university students are drtiwn from the ad&&ration is to prevent it seriously because%they are ready to year in line with changes in the families who work in t@e manufacput their money where their from making “arbitrary decisions” Consumer Price Index. tUring SeCtOr, which regMX?SeIltS 30 mouths are, Harries said I such as dismissing professors. The hotion also instructedcthe per cent of Ontario’s population, However, he didn’t see the need for Towards the end of the forum, association’s salary committee Harries said. ’ a faculty union at UW since relaone student ‘urged others to go and . members, “to take the implications tions with the university are good. “The present student asdance inform their classmates .of theof the federal regulations on wage Professors should pressure the programs are ;tn incredible indictgoings-on at the meeting. “I’m restraint into consideration during - merit of inequality of opportunity to going right now, to my class and I’m government by using the strength deliberations with the dversity of all their faculty associations acpost-secondary education.“. , going to tell people about what administration ,’ ’ “simultaneously” At present, the student aid progross Ontario happened.. That’s the only w,ay to , An association press release says rams are the Ontario Student Assissince such an action could prove do it.” I cont’d on page 9 . tance Program.(QSAP) more effective than forming a. .and the>. I I )j_l,,_l. .;.;.~.~.i.~.-.=,-jahn.morris
Profs shotild unionise -: 1‘. Professors should form a union to defend their mutual interests and fight the cutbacks in postsecondary education, UW Faculty Association members were told Wednesday. Psyceology professor Doug Wahlgten said the issue at hand is whether teachers want to fight back or let the government do whativer it wants with university funding. He said when professors are faced with cutbacks in educational funds there ye two options to consider : -the first ‘is that “we should capitulate, belly up and go on with our work” ;--and -the secondis that “we should organize, form a trade union and fight back.” . The one thing professors should never do is to compete among themselves and non-academic staff for the “handouts” from the government, Wahlsten said. “If we don’t discuss, unionizing pretty
of
J
2
friday,
the chevron
Friday Nancy-Lou
Patterson.
Drawings and -Liturgical designs. UW Art Gallery. Hours: Monday - Friday 9-4pm, Sun 2-5pm. till Nov. 30.
W E PROPOSE
THE BEST DIAMOND..
Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Watson & Reynolds frdm 9-l am. 74 cents after 6pm. WLU SocAn panel discussion. Missionariis as agents of cultural infection and inoculation. Panelists include Flora Conroy, Elizabeth Graham, Dave Paul Lumsden, John Peteis, Fenton Rutaranganda. 7pm. WLU Mezzanine. Federation Flicks-Lenny with Dustin Hoffman. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Nonfeds $1.50. Carol Fantasy. Alfred Kunz, Music director and conductor. 8pm. Humanities Theatre. Sold out.
.
FOR YOUR BEST GIRL You don’t get engaged every day.. . therefore her diamond should reflect the importance. It doesn’t have to be the largest, but it should be the best.. . and one you can afford. We’1 II help you select an exquisite diamond to dazzle forever. -
Saturday
GEMOLOGIST NOW ON STAFF!
30 (ING W. KITCHENER 0
1
Campus Centre Pub opens 7pm. Watson & Reynolds from 9-lam. 74 cents admission. Federation Flicks-Lenny with Dustin Hoffman. 8pm. AL 116. Feds $1 Nonfeds $1.50. Carol Fantasy. Alfred Kunz Music director and conductor. 8pm. Humanities Theatre. Sold out. Waterloo Jewish Students Organization. Hillet - Chanukch Party. 306 Shakespeare Drive. 8:3Opm. Admission: 1 gift (up to 50 cents) Information: Sandi 884-7198.
Sunday Carol Fantasy. Alfred Kunz Music director and conductor. 2:30pm. Humanities Theatre, Sold out. Federation Flicks-Lenny with Dustin Hoffman. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Nonfeds $1.50.
Monday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campus Centre Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 11:30-2:30pm and 7-l Opm. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Bim from 9-l am. 50 cents after 6pm.
Conrad Grebel College Choir. Choral music of Brahms, Schutz, Hassler, Christmas music. Free admission. 12 noon Theatre of the Arts.
.and they’re all at
- westmount pharmacy
place 578-8800
Delivery Service Mon-SAT 9 am - 10 pm SUN & HOLIDAYS 11 am - 9 pm
ONE COUPON
PER ORDER
Planning Brown Bag Seminar no. 3. Professor William Code on Physical Growth Controls and The Toronto Core. 12:30pm. Env. 136. K-W Red Cross Blood Donor Clinic 2-4:30pm and 6-8:30pm. Rockway Gardens Senior Citizens Centre, Kitchener. Nutrition Lecture Series. Making the Most of Your Meat Dollar. Sponsored by Miracle Food Mart. 7:30-IOpm. Adult Recreation Centre, 185 King St. S., Waterloo.
Tuesday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by Campus Centre Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Campus Cents Pub opens 12 noon. Bim from 9-l am. 50 cents after 6pm. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1-4:3Opm. Native NorthAmerican Film Series. “Traditional Ways and Legends”. 2pm. National Film Board Theatre, Suite 207, 659 King Street East, Kitchener, Sponsored by WLU SocAn. Outer’s Club meeting. Elections for next term’s executive to be held. Slides and pictures of this term’s trips to be shown. T-shirts to be sold. Everyone wekmne. 7pm E3-1101. Films-Atomic Icebreaker Lenin, The Green Patml, Millions on Start. 8pm. EL 204. Sponsored by Canada-USSR Association Inc.
Wednesday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campus Centre Board. loam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. Bim from 9-l am. 50 cents after 6pm. University Chapel. Sponsored by the UW chaplains. 1?:30pm. SCH 218K. Amateur Radio Club Meeting. VE3UOW All welcome. 4:30pm. E2-2355. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 7-l Opm. Chess Club Meeting. Everyone welcome. 7:30pm. Campus Centre 135. Gay Coffee House. Centre 110.
-
8:30pm.
Campus
november
28, 197E
Free Movie-The Wronq Man. Hitch cock flick with Henry Fosda and VeR Miles. Sponsored by the Campu! Centre Board. IO:1 5pm. Campu! Centre Great Hall.
Thursday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campur Centre Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campu: Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon Royal Retreat from 9-l am. 74 cent! after 6pm.
Para-legal assistance offers non professional legal advice. Cal 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours 1:30-4:30pm. Waterloo Christian Fellowship Evefygne is welcome to come for ai informal time of Bible study and fellow ship. 5:30pm Campus Centre 113. Graduate Club Annual General Meet ing. All Graduate Students are welcome to attend. 7:30pm. Physics 145. Christian Science Organization Everyone is invited to attend these regu lar meetings for informal discussions 7:30pm Hum. 174. Allah’u’abha. Baha’is on campus invite staff, faculty and students to an informa discussion on the Faith. For further in formation phone 576-7952. 8pm. HI= 334.
Friday Crafts Fair. Sponsored by the Campu Centre Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campu Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens i2 noor Royal Retreat from g-lam. 74 cent after 6pm.
Federation Flicks-Last Tango iI Paris with Marlon Brando. 8pm. AL 11 I Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50. An Evening of Robert and Clar; Schumann with Barry MacGregor nar rator. 8pm. Theatre of the Arts. Admis sion $5.00 Students, Senior citizen: $1.25.
Classif ied continued
from
Housing
Wanted
page 4
Wanted: Accommodation
for 4 people iI
the upcoming winter term (Jan-May 76: Will sublet or take over lease. Phone (416 634-2816
after
7:3Opm
or
write
Michael Rose, 504 Indian Road, BUI lington, Ontario.
friday,
-8
november
5 ._
28, 1975
3
the chevron
Gov’t propoSes’ sweeping. changesI , Getting a’ university or college degree may be harder if the proposals of the province’s special committee on government spending are implemented-. The proposals, contained in a 402-page report on government spending presented last Thursday to the Ontario legislature, call for changes in tuition fees, programs, student loans and administration. The report sets out 184 steps it calculates could save $1.6 billion during the next two years by cutting _costs in the provincial government’s ministries. The underlying philosophy of the report is “let the user pay” and it suggests-that university and college students pay a greater share of their education costs (the option being to fire 4,000 professors and instructors).
This week blood was donated
The report recommends that the government lift its control on tuition thus allowing universities and community colleges ‘to raise fees to “permit the efficient delivery of high-quality education while at the same time maintaining publicly acceptable standards. ” In addition, the government should “gradually adjust” its support “over a period of several years so as to allow an increase in’the proportion of university and college costs covered by tuition fees ,” the report urges. ’ If colleges and universities raised their fees by 65 per cent, the saving to the government after three years would be $80 million, the report says. The tuition for universities would increase to $970 from $588
but if cutbacks
and for colleges to $400 from $250, if the report’s suggestion is fole lowed. “The most appropriate method of achieving this transition appears to be. the phasing of increases over a three to four-year period.” Presently, tuition fees cover 12 percent of the operating costs of the com_munity colleges and 18 percent of those of universities. In the mid-l%Os, the proportion for universities was between 24 and 28per cent. But if some universities and colleges are “reluctant” to increase tuition fees, “attempts may be made to increase the efficiency and productivity of their instructional programs ,” the report states. However, if universitiesand colleges don’t opt for tuition hikes then “a significant reduction in
come topass it’s likely that al/students
will be bled dry by force of law.
in determining teaching staff would be required if paper credentials eligibility for employment and to the target reduction of,$80 million encourage the acceptance into the were-to be absorbed entirely through productivity increases. f ’ labor market of young people who terminate their formal education at The number of pro&ssdrs to be the secondary school level.” laid off from the province’s taxsupported universities would be Other report recommendations 2,700 and the student-teacher ratio on post-secondary education sugwould increase to 16:l from 13.&l, gest changes in the student finanthe report says. cial assistance program. s Currently, there are 11 ,doo proNoti, the program is based on an fessors employed in Ontario’s assessment of financial need and post-secondary education system. consists of a $800 federal loan and a The community colleges would provincial grant for the remainder have to reduce their teaching staff up to a maximum of $3,200 per by about 1,250, leaving the total year. number of instructors at about The report suggests that “as a 5,000, the report states. . first step”, the maximumgrant por-. ‘Each institution should be altion be trimmed to $2,200 and the lowed to select the combination of loan portion be upped to $1,800, tuition fee increases and improvesaving the government approximents in instructional programs mately $40 million in 1976-77 if the that it prefers,” the report sugproposal is enforced. gests. , The report also suggests that OnTo ease the “adjustment protario, initiate negotiations with _ ce&‘, the Ontario Council of Uniother provinces and the federal versity Affairs and the Council of government ‘ ‘to replace existing should provide -a Regents student assistance schemes by a mechanism for liaison between innew guaranteed all-loan plan with stitutions on this important issue, repayment provisions based on the report urges. subsequent earnings.” Both councils act as buffer corn- , : Severing the relationship betmittees between post-secondary ween parental income and eligibility education institutions and the Onfor this new loan plan for all tario government. Their main task students should also be considered, is to develop formulas for the disthe report suggests. tribution of provincial support to If the proposed negotiations are unsuccessful, the report says ef: the two educational systems. Coupled with the report’s callfor ,forts should be directed, at replachigher tuition fees, there are prop-. ing the grant portion of the existing -student assistance program with an ’ osals for the phasing out of parttime general interest courses in the all-loan plan. colleges, thus saving $10 million, A bursary program should be set up by the province and adminis’ and an embargo on new university programs at the graduate lev& tered by universities and colleges The report also recommends that which recognizes both “academic full backing be given to all efforts achievement and financial need, so discouraging the “use of-academic that any barriers to outstanding achievement or paper credentials” students fromlow-income families as a job screening method. would -be removed.” “The attitudes of employers and Administrative costs in universociety as a whole should be adsities and colleges should be justed to discourage reliance on slashed by 10 per cent, the figure applied this year to spepding in the province’s civil service, the report suggests. This measure’ would res’ult in a $25 million saving if ac\ cepted. / The report suggests that since ’ of reference allow it to consider the post-secondary educational institu’ case of anyone who feels she has tions “and their clients me been discriminated against. She said if Forest sends the details of considerable lead-time to respond we prop&e that our her case they will be presented to to change... recommended changes be f the committee. scheduled far gradual implementaShe said, however, that “it tion over a three to four-year would be difficult to imagine using period.” a matched pair study to discuss In its. preamble, the report says termination, ” since it is designed that the members of the committee . for comparison of salary increases “are concerned by the prospect of and promotion whichcan be traced , an increasing burden to taxpayers on a graph. in support of post-secondary edu‘ Mike McDonald the local Canadian Association of University cation. ’ “Although extension of the postTeachers representative’ has also secondary been’approached by Forest. He education system told the chevron he was “just askto meet citizen needs is both a ing questions” of the appropriate legitimate public investment and an ,people. He said following any important political and social goal, complaint this was normal procewe conclude that a reduction in the dure before CAUT would make rate of taxpayer’s support of the any decision about entering the system is not only desirable but case. \ necessary.” A final’ decision on the commitOntario presently spends $1 billtees recommendation will be made ion on post-secondary education before Dec. 31 Dean <of Arts Jay which works out to 8.5 per cent of Minas told the chevron. Forest’s the total provincial spending. .contract ends in June 1976 and thatThe report of the Special Progwould give her the statutory six ram Review committee is the result months notice. of five months work by representa- But it seems that before that day tives of the private sector and dawns the committee decision will senior deputy ministers. have been well debated on campus. Committee members from the private% sector were: former federal The decision was released Monday and by Tuesday the chevron had auditor general Maxwell Henderreceived four letters from student son, broadcaster Betty Kennedy, groups supporting Forest. By and General Foods Ltd. president Wednesday a “Mass Meeting to Robert Hurlbut. oppose political flings” had been Government representatives organised with a “partial list” of 30 were: deputy treasurer Rendall . speakers from faculty and student Dick, cabinet secretary James groups. Fleck, and management board secForest sai d she would submit her retary W. A. B. Anderson. The case. to the meeting on Tuesday and committee’s chairman was provincial treasurer Darcy M&eough. / let the people decide.
“- .
Marsha Forest not to be rehired I ion of the full-time faculty in the It has been recommended by the department. According to the Human Relations department’s memo four. professors voted management committee that proagainst, and two voted for Forest’s fessor Marsha Forest’s contract not be renewed. contract being renewed. The other component consiForest is the wife of professor dered was the professor’s scholarly Jeffery Forest who suffered a simiwork (writings) which the commitlar fate last year at Renisoncollege. tee says “is not up to the standard When. he wan served notice of terthe department ought to uphold”. mination in Oct. 1974, along with j Other factors such as teaching then academic dean of the college, ability and student opinion were Hugh Miller, a year long faculty not considered. On thesethe memo and student struggle began which reads: “The Committee took into was labelled “The Renison Afconsideration whether or not a fair’.‘. wider consultation throughout the It was charged then that the firDepartment and a more .extensive ings were political. And Marsha investigation of Dr. Forest’s teachForest toid the chevron on Tuesday ing effectiveness could possibly thatshe is the victim of a politiprovide a basis for reversing the cal purge. She cited her husband’s recommendation, but concluded case, Miller’s, and that of professor. that even the most favourable eviMarlene Webber who is in a similar dence in these areas would not alter situation at Reni’son. the fact she had failed to gain the requisite respect and esteem of her Forest said she believes she is that these colbeing fired because she is a faculty colleagues, leagues have-g plausible basis for Marxist-Leninist. their views, and that-given her Acting chairman of the departdefmite-term contract status-this ment, Arthur Wiener, told the alone constituted sufficient chevron the management ‘commitgrounds for not re-appointing her. ’ ’ tee also serves as an appointment Forest said she is outraged by the and tenure committee, and in this way the review has been carried case was acting in an advisory /out. She said she was never forcapacity: mally notified there was a review taking place. The memo from. the committee Weiner admitted that when he to Wiener which recommends Forest’s contract not be renewed asked Forest for her vitae and rebegins : “We have considered your cent publications he never told her they were for her review. He said request for adviceyegarding Dr. Forest’s reappointment and have he assumed she w,as aware of the taken note of your own view that situation. the appointment should not be reWhen she was asked for the matnewed. We agree with this erial Forest saidshe was told it was for the senatereview committee view. . .“. The main factor the committee which is reviewing the whole debased its decision on was the opinpartment. She said all the faculty
were submitting work to that committee. When confronted later by Forestabout her review Weiner said he told her “it was no secret”. Forest said she learned of the review from a junior faculty member. Forest also complained that the procedures used disregarded student opinion. Nor were the improvements she has made to the internship program for graduate placements considered she said. The professor said she rejected the criteria used by the committee. “‘My job is to teach,” she said, “and I have generally had an extraordinary response from students.” “It is just that that I was not evaluated on. ” Forest said she teaches the same first year course as Weiner and has about 55 students in it compared to seven in his class. -. Weiner would not comment on the teaching ability of Forest. He said it was not germane to the memo which outlined how the’ committee reached its decision. On the lack of student input Weiner said “it couldn’t have countered the type of view taken by the seasoned’ and experienced scholars in the department. ” Forest has approached Pat Rowe, chairperson of PACER (the president’s advisory committee on equal rights). Pacer is currently investigating the feasibility of matched-pair studies, which trace salary increases and promotion of comparative male and female faculty to measure sex discrimination. Forest believes a study of her case would show blatant discrimination. Rowe said PACER?s terms
--neil
dochewty
-john
morrii
4
friday,
the chevron
WINTER TERM COURSES AT RENISON COLLEGE
History of Social Welfare, Sooial Work 326 R*,
3:30-5:3O 4:30-5130
Issues, Interdisciplinary
Social Science 221 R*, Time: to be
An examination of political, social and ethical issues in selected social problems with particular emphasis on the K-W community. This term will concentrate on ownership and control of the mass media, methods used to produce “packaged consciousness” and the question of what interests are served by the mass media. If there is interest in the class, this course can be split into two sections, the other concentrating on the housing question-the construction oligopoly, vertical integration, “rationalisation” of the industry, etc. This course will rely heavily on local research and investigation.
Community
Organisation
2, Social Work 322R*
Tues. ~12 :30-l :30 Thurs. 12:30-2:30
This course will concentrate on developments in Canada with respect to such diverse formations in organisation practice as unionisation of social workers, the union of injured workers, collective action by welfare recipients and the unemployed, etc.
Prerequisites:
“-
Admission through completion of prerequisite indicated (see calendar) or by consent Students should consult Renison’s calendar for official course descriptions.
Classifig
deadline is noon Tuesdays
Lost
This course will examine the development of social welfare policies--from the British Poor Laws to the Canada Assistance Plan-in the context of the developments in capitalism which dictated the implementation of particular kinds of welfare legislation.
Commu&y arranged
of instructor.
These courses will be taught by Marlene Webber.
Gold frame glasses lost Tues. Nov. 18 in Math building or field outside Campus Centre. If found please contact 884-5825. Silver ring with green stone graduation ring, inscription: Scollard Hall, N.B.C. 1974. Initials inside band, D.C.R. left in men’s washroom, campus centre, Sunday Nov. 15, 1975. Contact Chevron ext. 2331.
Found Sum of money along Westmount Road between University Ave. & Bible Bett. Leave message at Chevron with amount lost and approximate time and will contact to return.
Personal
*
Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Control Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control, V.D., unplanned pregnancy & sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 885-l 211, etx. 3446 (Rm. 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770. Pregnant? What am I going to do? Call
We know it took a lot,
to get where vou are todav. -(With us, yoG’l1 get the opportunity to get where you want tomorrow. Right now, you’re wondering where you can put your talent and your ideas to work. Obviously, you want to work for a company who will really appreciate what you have to offer and give you the room you need to grow. If you are graduating in engineering, business, commerce, computer science, or other disciplines and feel you can make an outstanding contribution, you want Northern Electric, one of the fastest growing companies in Canada. In fact, Northern Electric is one of the
28, 1971
--
The following courses are useful for students in sociology, psychology, economics, political science, history and general arts as well as students in Renison’s Social Development Studies Programme.
Tues. Thurs.
november
three largest manufacturers of telecommunications equipment in North America. We’ve grown to the point where sales in 1974 reached a record $970 million. One of the reasons for our spectacular growth is our range of ’ products. And the design and research that goes into their development. Whether it’s telephone exchanges, microwave relay networks or satellite communications systems. One of the results of our growth is that we employ about 25,000 people in 24 plants
around the world. Obviously, we want this growth to continue and we want to remain a leader in telecommunications. One way to do this is to hire talented young people and give them a real chance to grow. Of course, our standards are high but then so are the rewards. Do you want) to join a company with a real future? Talk to your placement office or if you prefer, contact Manager, Staffing, P.0. Box 6123, Montreal, Quebec. H3C 35% Tel: (514) 931-5711.
for Friday publication.
BIRTHRIGHT for confidential help 579-3990. Free pregnancy tests. Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm 21X. Open Monday - Thursda! 7-1 Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-l 211, etx 2372. Part-time job available. Turnkey job! available. Any registered student of tht U of W may apply. General Meeting tha all applicants must attend will be helc January 6 at 6pm, Campus Centre Room 113. For further information writf S. Phillips, Campus Centre Board, U o W. Application forms for the Faculties o Dentistry and Law, University of Westerr Ontario are available in the Career In, formation Centre, First Floor, Needle: Hall. Language or style problems? I wil copyedit non-technical theses, books o papers, also proofread * manuscripts 884-8021. Quebec Ski Tour Dec. 27-Jan. 1 $85. f Full Days of Skiing at Mt. St. Anne. Al Transportation and Deluxe Accommo dation included. For information 4 Brochure. Write Canadian Ski Tours, 2f Taylorwood Drive, Islington, or Phone Gord Allan 749-6900. HI-LINE 884-2190. Confidential, Listen ing, Information, Anything. 7pm-7an Nightly. Girls looking for part-time work as GC Go Dancers. Good working conditions Call Laurie 5798085.
For Sale 1971 Triumph Spitfire hardtop, excel lent condition, safety checked, Michelir radials, 46,000 original miles, win terized. Must sell, $1595 or best offer 884-7780.
Wanted U of W Mathematics graduate lookin! for research or TA position in January, Call 7459020 after 5pm. Ask for Mike Part-time secretary for the Engineerin! Society at U of W. Time ranges from 2 tc 4 hours per day but this and salary arc negotiable. Interview time may be ar ranged in Rm. 1038, Math & Compute building, between 9 & 4 week days; c tel. ext. 2457.
Ride
Wanted
Two people need ride to Kansas City (c other midwestern city) before Chrisi mas. Call 745-2958.
TY ping
Fast accurate typing. 40 cents a page IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore Vil lage. Call 884-6913 anytime. Will do student typing, reasonable rates Lakeshore village. Call 885-l 863.
Housing
available
Summer term, reserve your room Now - Single room $15 weekly. One completl double $12 each person. Males. 5 ml nute walk to either University. Frig, toas ter, tea kettle, but no cooking. Clear quiet in private home. 884-3629, 201 Lester St., Waterloo. Furnished two-bedroom apartment tl sublet May to September. Suitable fc four people. Call 8844985. Female roommate needed to share : bedroom apartment starting Januar), Own room. Phone 8844985. Available after Christmas one doubll room and half double. Full use of horn{ and all appliances. Mrs. Wrigt885-l 664.
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London this workterm? 2 bedroom, full broadloomed apartment to sublet Jan. to April 30, sauna, pool, close-to bu: Phone I-471 -2759 after 6:30pm. Townhouse to sublet. May 1 - Sept. 1 Sunnydale Place. Partly furnished bedrooms; 2 bathrooms. For further ir formation Call 884-8588. 1 bedroom apartment. Partially fur nished. Opposite plaza with laun dramat. 20 minutes from campus $160/month. See Bruce or Lyn 886-0833, 354 Erb St., Apt. 4. Person wanted to share furnished / bedroom apt. in main floor of duple> Call 742-6381 c $1 OO/month. 416-544-0865 (Hamilton) continued on page :
fridayj
november
28, 1975
5
the chevron
Rodney lecttires on Marxism and Africa Marxism contains a perception of social phenomena necessary for the liberation of the Third World from economic dependence on the capitalist west and, thusly , from underdevelopment. This was the message given to students here Monday in two lectures presented by Walter Rodney. From Guyana, Rodney has taught history at the University of the West Indies in Jamaica and at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The two talks were titled “Marxism and the Third World” and “African Liberation Movements and Support Movements”, respectively . Rodney commented on the history of Marxist thought in the Third World and the virulent resistance it met from the colonial powers. While much of this reaction took on violent forms as in Vietnam or Algeria, most of it was couched in non-ideological terms. “While in -earlier decades Europeans and Americans told the ‘natives’ in their colonies or satellite
states, that Marxism was antireligious or that it simply didn’t deliver the goods. Now in more sophisticated and subtle ways the ‘natives’ are told that Marxism is a ‘foreign’ ideology, specific to nineteenth century Germany. And to a great extent they have been successful .” The typical reaction of many African intellectuals is to view Marxism as an alien ideology and to, alternatively seek for some sort of ‘indigenous’ ideology. This, he felt, occurred due ‘to their failure to see in Marxism a mode of analysis of the dynamics governing the productive forces and the social relationships found in capitalism and in other modes of production. And he-asked, in making an analogy, if a Ghanaian would search for a distinctly Ghanaian form of illumination different from Western electricity. “The primacy given in many quarters to the cultural context results in one missing the whole underlying strata which,” Rodney stated, “places all of theThird* World in a common dependency re-
MP berzmans in%dion Faculty members at Carleton University who unionized were “out of their minds”, Max Saltsman, NDP member of parliament for Waterloo North told a management sciences seminar on inflation Nov. 19. If the faculty ever went out on strike, “everyone would cry hallelujah,” said the NDP finance critic and adjunct professor of management sciences at U of W. Saltsman argued that secondary school teachers have more economic power because when they’re out on strike “there’s no one looking after people’s brats .” Saltsman proposed three main causes for inflation in Canada. These are rising food prices, rising energy costs and an increase in employment in low productivity service occupations. Noting that this last point was a new contribution to the inflation debate, Saltsman elaborated on it. He said that wages in industries suchas steel have generally risen at the same time as productivity has risen, resulting in no inflation. In’ service industries, however, productivity does not rise, and wage, increases are totally inflationary. In teaching, for example, class size and teaching time have not increased, and in fact teachers want smaller classes. Because people’s’ reaction to in-
yer award If you’re expecting a student award, you better go and pick it up at the student awards office, second floor, Needles Hall. Many awards have arrived -from Queen’s Park but due to the postal strike they can’t be sent off to U W recipients.
lationship -with the international forces of capitalist production.” The narrow view, which focuses on cultural or racial aspects alone, Rodney stressed, fails to come to grips with the existence of classes and of class struggle in Africa. He noted that even Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana and the ideologue of the African revolution during the early stages of de-colonization, failed to perceive the class struggle occurring in his country during his term in office. Only when he was overthrown by an ambitious petit-bourgeois class did Nkrumah finally recognize class relations and antagonisms in Africa. And consequently, before his death in exile in Guinea, he wrote The Class Struggle in Africa.
“There are Africans and there are Africans, ’ ’ Rodney went on to say, “and there are black faces and there are black faces. But they are not the same and there are sides to be taken in Africa. To speak of an African people or of an African ‘way’ is to deal in meaningless abstraction and to miss the real choices which need to be taken.” Marxism, however, according to Rodney is on the ascendency in Africa and in much of the Third World for two reasons. Firstly, its explication of mass impoverishment in terms of the historical connection between the underdeveloped world and the
flation is more of a psychological problem than an economic one, he argued, only a total prices and incomes freeze could cope with inflation today. He predicted that the Trudeau program would reduce inflation by 1.5 per cent at most.The Member of Parliament went on to say that wages are easily controlled, but that profits cannot be restrained because the whole system depends on profits. Controlling inflation by restricting the money The Math Society faces the possupply would necessarily cause sibility of a lawsuit if it proceeds enormous unemployment. with publication of this year’s Speaking of the effect of the Trudeau government’s wage and _ AntiCal, according to assistant dean of mathematics Peter Ponzo. price control program, Saltsman However, after consulting with noted that it includes “an element . the student federation’s lawyer of unfairness .” Mathsoc has “Any incomes policy is unjust,” - Morley Rosenberg, he said, but the injustice may be decided to go ahead with publication, and Anti-Cal should be out mitigated by rearranging the dissometime next week. tribution of income in other ways. Federation president John S horThis “closing of the gap between the rich and the poor” is the es- tall said that Rosenberg told him to “go ahead and publish,” as he did sence of socialism, he claimed. that anything in He saw Canada moving closer to not consider Anti-Cal would support a libel or a managed economy where the slander suit. (The federation is legmarket would become less imporally responsible for Mathsoc and tant, and where the medieval would be a defendant in any suit theory of a “just price” would preagainst them .). vail. The future, he predicted, “I don’t know of any faculty would find life much simpler and members who definitely plan a more. utilitarian, with greater emsuit,” said Ponzo, “and even if I phasis on reading and love-making, knew I wouldn’t tell you.” and with greed still a basic motivaHowever, Ponzo said that he had tion but restrained by law. heard that two faculty members There would be both socialism had consulted with a lawyer and and capitalism. “Socialism” would that “in his (the lawyer’s) estimaentail state ownership of major industries, and capitalism would be tion, Mathsoc would lose” if a suit e relegated to a minor part of the were filed. Ponzo said that he was aware of economy. comments from “four or five” faAccording to Saltsman, govemculty members that “someone ments today have the stronger hand should stop Anti-Cal from being over corporations. ‘ ‘ The multinaprinted. ’ ’ tionals have zilch power, nil The problem with Anti-Cal appower” compared with governparently arises from comments on ments, he said. their professors or courses which A vigorous discussion ensued, with several speakers accusing students are invited to write on the Saltsman of confusing the issues of backs of their response forms. Mathsoc president Gary Dryden political economy and classes in said that Anti-Cal is compiled on Canada. ’ the basis of a two-page question-doug wahlsten & .larty hannant
Walter Rodney, a historiap from Guyana, gave talks at UWon “Marxism and the Third World” abd on “African liberation Movements and Support Movements”. photo by george lornaga
capitalist Wes tlfiirs onialism and later colonialism-contains easily ignored.
t through colthrough neoa logic not *
Secondly, it offers an under.standing of class struggle and political praxis germane to more egalitarian and democratic social structures than those found in African countries which assumed their
formal independence in the sixties. He mentioned’ the activities of MPLA in Angola, FRELIMO in Mozambique and PAIGC in Guinea-Bissau to be examples of Marxist theory welded to the cultural traditions specific to each country and of the potential for liberation whit h that combination possesses. ’ -doug
ward
Profs upset by comment%
Mathsoc
may be sued naire which is distributed to all math classes. Answers to the questions are marked on a computer card and any additional comments may be written on the backs of the cards. These comments then appear in Anti-Cal, edited only for racial or sexual slurs, said Dryden. Dryden said that h/e had heard that five professors were “upset” by the comments written about them. Typical of some of the comments appearing in Anti-Cal are: -prof delights in seeing students baffled by his mathematical footwork; -prof has an incurable habit of talking, to the blackboard; -prof always succeeded in completely confusing everyone; -text was cheap, and that most reflected its true value; ’ -prof needs some kind of course in articulation, he mumbles and is unsure of what to say; -prof was the best of a bad lot; -prof is a sarcastic s.o.b. According to Dryden, “quite a few profs have said to go ahead and publish,” but apparently profs who have bad comments oppose publication. Professors or students are free to see Anti-Cal during any stage in its production, Dryden said. He said that this is the first opposition to Anti-Cal that he is aware of. The opposition arose from faculty members who had previewed
Anti-Cal and objected to comments made about them, according to Ponzb. He said that none of the professors have spoken to him directly, but that he had “heard from some faculty that some others were considering a suit.” Ponzo said that in his opinion, “the comments are not constructive but in poor taste. I don’t look at the comments; they are a little misleading,” he added. Ponzo also said he felt that the comment section of Anti-Cal should be dropped since “the comments don’t serve much of a useful purpose and generate all the friction between faculty and students. I don’t know whether the comments are valuable enough to warrant all the friction it generates between faculty and students,” he said. Ponzo noted that in one of his classes during a previous year only four comments had been published out of a class of 150 students, thus “implying that everyone is very unhappy.” He admitted, however, that during previous years only “selected comments” had been published while this year all comments are included. Anti-Cal was begun in 1969 as an aid to students in selection of their courses and professors. It is published each fall from material provided by questionnaires distributed in math classes during each term. It is supposed to come out before courses are finalized, but this year it may be a ‘little late. -henry
hess
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/ friday,
the chevron
november
28, 197!
-
12:00 James Higginson 3:00 To Be Announced 3:30 Ian Allen and Sandy Yates 6:00 Music 8:00 LIVE SPORTS COVERAGE Basketball coverage from thI Physical Activities Complex The Naismith Finals lo:30 David Moss 12:00 Don Cruikshank 3:00 Sign Off
Sunday
Friday
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Nov.
28
9:00 Carlos Mota and Mike Moore 12:oo Mike Ura 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Amazons w,ith Marilyn Turner 12:45 Mike Ura 3:oo Dave Thompson 5:30 SEXUALITY AND HUMANKIND - Interview with Sharon Mintz and Honey Panek, federal field workers, about the federal role in International Women’s Year. 6:00 Phil Rogers . 8:00 LIVE SPORTS COVERAGELive coverage of the Waterloo vs. Laurier Hockey Game from Waterloo Arena with commentators Gary Fick, Dave Polley, and Morgan Pirie. 10:30 THE MUTANT HOUR with Bill Wharrie 12:oo JAZZ with Ian Murray 3:oo Sign Off
Saturday
Nov.
29
9:00 Robert Statham
*
Nov. 30
9:00 Greg Lemoine 12:Oo CLASSICAL MUSIC ANf OPERA with Brigitte Allen, Bacl Surrey Part I. 3:00 Harold Jarnicki 6:00 Bob Valliant 9:00 INFORMATION MADE PUBLIC In co-operation with CKWR-Ff this programme examines lot: news and issues. With Bill Cul and Bob Mason. 10:00 Ken Mitchell and Mike Kelso 1:OO Ray Marcinow 3:00 Sign Off
Monday
Dec. 1
9:00 Chris Hart 12:00 Music 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 Music 2:45 PERSPECTIVES- A United Na tions Radio outline of the fact material to a major world issue produced weekly by U. N. Radii in New York. 3:00 Jeff Parry 6:00 THE WORLD AROUND US Lilah Heath,- Lorraine Waltor and Adelaine Chancy speak to i group in Toronto about variou aspects of racism, including in cidents in Toronto and Montreal 6:30 Steve Atkinson 8:00 FOLK with Stan Gap 9:00 NATIVE ISSUES- Flora Conro talks to Vern Harper from the To ronto Warrior Society about the history and aims of the organiza tion. 9:30 JAZZ with Dennis Ruskin 12:00 Ewan Brocklehurst 3:00 Sign Off
Tuesday
/
Astwdentresearcher namedSue,‘ Whilestudyingowampus brew, Saysthe trendis now clear Toa beerwithout peer, LabattYBlue’isnow ‘in’ with‘who’s who’! -c
Wednesday
Dec. 3
9:00 Kevin O’Leary 12:00 David Glendenning 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 David Glendenning 3:00 Bill Stunt 6:00 COUCHICHING 1975- Davic Pollock, from the U. N. Economic Commission for Latin America addressed the Couchichin< Conference on Canada and the -Third World, What Are the . Choices. 6:30 Bert Bonkowski 9:00 IS THIS IT? Local news ant ,commentary with Mike Gordon 9:30 BLUES with Nathan Ball 12:00 Nigel Bradbury 3:00 Sign Off
Thursday
Labattk Blue-smilesalong with yor
Dec. 2
9:00 Doug Baker 12:00 Dave Gillett 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 Dave Gillett 2:45 SCOPE- Newsmagazine pro duced by United Nations Radio, 3:00 Sally Tomek 6:00 DOWN TO EARTH FESTIVAL A discussion with a representa tive from zero population growtl on that organization, and popula tion and immigration trends ir Canada followed by a discussior on Bakavi. 6:30 Niki Klein 9:00 Joe Belliveau IO:00 LIVE PUB, BROADCASTThi: week featuring ‘Bim’ 12:00 Kim St. Pierre 3:00 Sign Off
Dec. 4
9:00 Music 12:00 Greg Yachuk 12:15 STORY- Swallows and Ama. zons with Marilyn Turner 12:45 Greg Yachuk 3:00 Jerry Sokol 5:30 SPORTS REPORT with Gar)l Fick and Niel Wrigley 6:00 Andy Bite 9:00 Mike Devillaer 12:00 Larry Stareky and Lou Montana 390 Sign Off
*idav. november
the chevron
28, 1975
Starting’ deficit
of $20,000
FederatiOn The student federation will take ver full management of the camus centre pub in January and will tart off with a deficit of $20,000. For the last year control of the #ub has been divide rd between the adederation and the university Gristration. -^_ . The federatron has been in harge of door money and enterainment while the administration Joked after the bar. An agreement close ,to being igned by the two bodies will give he student federation full control. md that will mark the end of a hree year campaign by the federaion to get a student controlled watring *hole on campus. Throughout 1973 UW was a lember of the Ontario Student Pub Lssociation, a group comprised of
‘to m9i76&
a variety of student federations who lobbied the government for legislation which would allow campus pubs. A successful tactic used then by many federations was to get special daily licenses. These are licenses which are granted individuals for special occasions. Each person is allowed a certain quota and in this way UW had a student pub six days a week from fall of 1973 to Sept. 1974.
This tactic was doubly successful, Shortall told the chevron, because it harassed the Liquor Licensing Board of Ontario (LLBO) with a mountain of paper work. In 1974 the government’ passed legislation which allowed for canteen licenses at universities. But initially that did not make things
cC
much easier for the federation Prior to the legislation being intraduced LLBO chairman, James Mackey, told a meeting of university administrators that he didn’t want students to get pub licenses. But when the legislation was passed, while it only permitted the universities to hold the licences it did allow student groups to have management agreements with their administrations. At UW, however, Shortall said the administration maintained that only they could run the pubs. But in Dec. 1974, the then minister of consumer and corporate affairs, John Clement, sent a telegram to all student governments explaining that under the law students could manage the campus pubs. UW president, Burt Matthews,
Tuition increase expected Trade-offs between grgater {o&loads for professors and tuion hikes for students is the way to void deteriorating education stanards, UW ,president Burt Matthws said Tuesday. “A combination-of both is probbly going to have to occur to mainsin the existing quality of univeri ty education. ’ ’ Matthews was discussing the roposals of Ontario’s special ommittee on government spendrg which call for a 65 per cent inrease in tuition and changes in rograms, student loans and adrinis tra tion . Over $155 million should be axed romthe operating costs of )ntario’s 15 universities and 22 ommunity colleges, the report pecifies . The committee’s report also laps out 184 steps it calculates ould save 1.6 billion during the ext two years by cutting costs in le provincial government’s minisies . In order to keep the present tandards of education, the univer-
sities will have to increase tuition senior deputy ministers. Matthews said the committee’s since students will want a high quality education, Matthews said. response to charges from student “If the government is going to leaders that it is discriminating reduce the universities’ and colagainst pupils from low-income leges’ budgets by $80 million then families is the proposed bursar-y both students and professors will program. have to pay for it.” The program recognizes both Professors will have to teach “academic achievement and fmanmore students increase cial . need, L, * prooucuvity, 1 L. and -L thus 1 1 1 . . . so that .I . any. barriers a. . to rneir ana 1 stuaents outs tanaing s tuaents rrom lowwill have to pay more in the way of income families would be refee increases, Matthews said. moved,” the committee says. However, the fee increase probMatthews said UW has already ably won’t come next year as the taken some measures over the last few years to save money in its Progressive Conservatives pledged non-academic budget. not to in the last election, he stated. Though tuition won’t increase There have been cutbacks in counselling services, health sernext year, it probably will the year vices, library hours, campus planafter, Matthews added. He said the committee’s report ning, security guards and energy, was drafted by civil servants who Matthews said. In energy savings don’t have to worry about the so- alone, the university has reduced cial consequences of their actions. costs by $177,000. “But politicians will have to take .. Nevertheless, Matthews argued into acc>ount the social consequthat the government should estabences of such actions.” ’ lish priorities such as social considThe report of the Special Progerations before it plans to slash ram Review committee is the result funding to universities and colof five months work by representaleges. tives of the private sector and -john morris
then agreed in principle%0 student management of the campus centre pub. The pub responsibilities were divided and negotiations began, in Jan. 1975. The dual relationship was a temporary measure until the federation took complete control, but accord-. ing to Shortall it has not worked well and is largely responsible for the projected $29,000 deficit this year. At the end of October the figure in the red was about $26,000, but he hopes that will be cut before January. The problem, said Shortall, is that the federation’s only income from the pub has been from the admission charge. But the cost of collecting $27,OOO,at the door (Jan. to Oct.) was $21,000 in wages paid to the collectors. The bands have cost $28,400 which added to $600 for advertising and over $2,000 for miscellaneous items comes out at about a $26,000 deficit. When the federation takes control it will get the accumulated bar profit for the year. The surplus is expected to be about $6,000. They had expected better news from the bar figures, but the main problem, said Shortall, has been that without knowing how the bar was doing they were unable to make the necessary cuts in their department, e.g. fewer groups, and less hours.
pub.
.
Shortall blames the administration for being slow with the accounts. During the summer the bar . lost $10,000, he says, and the federation didn’t’know until it was too late to do anything. He says it was three months after the fiscal year end before -the federation got the necessary figures. Food Services director, Bob Mudie, admitted-there had been a problem but said charges had been made and accounts would be corning quicker. Also the amount taken from the ’ _ -bar budget for management services, Shortall thinks, has been too high. . This is an administration department which keeps the books, makes all the orders, and keeps inventory for all the university pubs. Each outlet is charged for this service in proportion to its sales. For the last year the campus centre pub has paid by far the biggest chunk-$24,000. When the federation takes control, Shortall said the manager will perform many of Ithese functions and so reduce the management service cost: Deeks said the agreement between the university and the federation has to go before the LLBO but he expects it to, be -returned and signed by mid December. -neil
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fciday,
28, 19:
november
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Since the start of co’nstruction of the trans-Amazonic highway in 1970, hundreds of crimes have been committed against the Indian peoples of Brazil ranging fi-om the forcible r+ocation. of tribes to the bombing of their villages. From a former population of two to three million, their number has dwindled to 50 or 80 thousand and 87 tribes have been completely wiped out. The tragic plight of the Indian in Brazil was documented in a film called “The ‘Old Who Must Die” followed by a discussion led by Herbert Sousa, a Brazilian sociologist,at York University who has lived in Brazil for most of his 3 life. The eient, attended by a capacity audiebce at UW on Tuesday, was sponsored by the Federation of Students and the Latin American Student Association. This is the situation as seen in the film:
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The film ended with an urge appeal to international effort support of Brazilian Indian right \ Speaking generally on the situ tion in Brazil, Herbert Sousa o served that “to understand tl situation of Indian people in Bra: is to understand the situation _ Brazilian people”. Since the military coup in 1%4 new and clearer pattern of d velopment has emerged, the pr fessor said. ‘ ‘In Brazil today, the main actc of development are the big multin tional corporations, national cal _ tal associated with the multinatio als, and the state,” Sousa noted Sousa said that these bodies ha control of the economy, the sock life and political system of Braz Most of the political power is he by members of the army’s staff wl choose the president, while tl congress has no power at all, 1 said. An institutional act exists whit invests the pre,$dent with tl power to decide when a problem issue is a national security pro lem, Sousa added. “By definitio every problem in Brazilian li could be defined as a national se urity problem,” including stude disturbances, big industry, inve: ment and social demands. Government controls wages as their increases, fixing the curre minimum wage for Brazil’s wor ing class at around $45 or $50 dc lars per month. Income is concentrated in abo 15 to 20 per cent of the populatic while the economically underd veTotied-rural class lives in miser Sous& noted. However, Brazilian peop realize that their’s is no democral regime and that they are exploitc by foreign capital and a minori group in Brazil, he said. Because of their struggle, peop throughout the world are aware imprisonment and torture in th tiountry. Sousa remarked on l’ecent ne\: from Brazil concerning the impri onment, tbrtufq and death .of jou nafist Vladimjr Herzog in S; Paul0 in connection with investi& tions into the banned Commun pqty. ” In protest, the archbishc launched a 24 hour hunger strike which more than two million pel ple joined. . The hture of the entire Brazili; people depends on radical politic change which Sousa optimistical expects. 1Meanwhile, people in Canac can put pressure on Brazil k means of communications sine owing to the presence of rimltin tional corporations, the goven men! i& sensitive to’world opinion he said. 1 ’
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The con&uction of the-3000 mile highway meant that the vast interior regions of the Amazon became a businessman’s paradise and a source o$ wealth for multinational corporations. Brazilian officials settled inevitable conflicts between whites and Indians by relocating the indigenous groups while -promoting the economic ifiterests of the multinationals and a small minority of allied Brazilians. The growing marginalization of the Brazilian people made necessary the creation of the National Indian Foundation to muffle and control any social conflicts resulting from this “anti-nationalist and anti-popular” economic policy. News items published in leading magazines and newspapers revealing the cost to Jndians of the trans-Aniazonic highway were cited. The Times of London in 1970 reported that Indian villages were dynamited frsrn the air while the survivors were machine-gunned on a reservation coveted by whites for diamond extraction. The aircraft used had been chartered by a land speculation company. In another instance, according td Newsweek, 1’972, a tribe was evicted by a company, which had bought theif 100,000 acres of settled land, and was relocated to a marshy -area where few are expected to live. A letter signed by 125 Indian inhabitants of an island in 1973, requested urgent intervention as they were dying from serious tuberculosis and neglect. In the capital city of Salvadore, men are addicted to alcohol, women become domestic servants and many children die before th&W bitthday. It was reported in a Sao Paul0 newspaper that some Indian women are so traumatized by frequent moving that they abort their babies who are a hindrance to them. In ,the Indian Protection Law there are 68 articles in which the government. reserves the right to move onto Indian property whenever it is “in the higher interests of the country” to use the land for development purposes. Far corn being a staunch defender of Indian rights, the National Indian Foundation is a key institution in promoting development and occupation of the Amazon. The Brazilian government has failed to Qbserve two United Nations resolutions opposing the crime of genocide and setting specific limits oh government programs intended to integrate tribal-or ethnic minorities. Both these resolutions have been signed by Bra&.
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friday,
november
,
28, 1975
Fee,. hiL@ - dropped Due to the protest of Urban and Regional Planning students the school will not be; imposing a $60 a year tuition fee hike on third and second year studbnts. It began a mo$h ago *hen She@ fou$h year planKennedy, ning rep on the f!aculty of environmental studies Gndergraduate affairs committee kuestioned a mentioned calend;Cr change in the committee’s N&ember 12 meeti ing. Upon further’enquiry she was informed the school’s new director, Harry Coblenzs, was imposing a $60 a year tuition fee hike without consulting ths: &dents. d Meanwhilk she was told the school’s faculty meeting had approved the fee hike a week earlier. The motion for a fee hike was moved by professor Len Gertler who has since told students he was “under the impression” there had been student input into fee hikes. The fee hike proposal resulted
meeting Coblenz gave the impression the fee hike was a fact. Although, Coblenz did agree to spread the $60 a year fee hike over all four years making it just $30 a year. Meanwhile, the planning students had not given up hope the fee increase could be squashed. Third year planning student Don Hussey and senate rep and architecture student Kathjr Reynolds visited UW vice-president academic Tom Brzustowski to ask him to stop the fee increase if it reached senate because students had not been consulted. He agreed to do this, although some say he agrked because the university does not want each department empowered to increase their fees. Instead the university would prefer a fee increase initiated by the administration. Immediately Brzustowski set about making some phone calls and the fee increase appears to-now be just a bad dream for planning students. Several planning St&dents are now organizing a memo protest to remind Coblenz that he cannot decisions and , make “unilateral the planning students must be in on any decision-making. A dittoed memo is being cirdube to eliminate the overlapping of lated with the “From.” left blank materials covered in the first year for students to fill iA their own university courses and Grade 13 name. The memo reviews the nonhigh school courses. involvement of students and asks Thomas said the board has been the validity, need and use of the fee promised the results of a test given be “adequately demonstrated to to first year students at UW this the students”. fall. The test was an achievement The plarining students also quesone in the areas of English and tion whether Coblenz would be cirmathematics skills. cumventing the provincial freeze of T--Lb, ,.“C,Ll,l:“l..-.,,C -F CL,:” n-m IllC c3Laull~llcl. Ul IA113 ~ulltuition f‘ees by raising fees. mittee “is dear to my heart, and I The n lemo concludes by warning feel quite good about it,” Thomas against Coblenz’s actions being said. “an incredible precedent for resolThe liaiso&ommittee couldcalso ving budget problems within the help establish alignment of high university and asks the issue be schools with post-secondary indiscussed in an open forum for all stitutions on the semester system. students and faculty.” Some high school students take -michael gordon only two subjects in their last semester and could perhaps take a university course at the same time, Thomas said. She said UW president Burt In the story “What’s the role of Matthews was receptive to this council?” on page three of last idea when it was presented to a reweeks chevron, the reporter cent board of .education trustees _1 stated that “Sautner then preconference in London, Ontario, sented a report on the where he was guest speaker. federation’s budget . . .” This At that conference Matthews should have read “. . .a report first suggested the idea of a liaison on the,, federation’s audit . . . ” committee saying that better comThe reporter has been remunication is needed between terprimanded for his laxness and tiary and secondary education in his washroom privileges have the areas of programs and requirebeen suspended for the duration ments. of the term.
Liaison committee to improve links To improve communication between U W and local high schools, a liaison committee has been set up, said Doreen Thomas, chairwoman of the Waterloo board of education, on Wednesday. The liaison committee’s prime purpose is to discuss the preparation of high school students for uniyersity education, which according
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been less than adequate, especially in the areas of English and mathematics, Thomas said. This criticism prompted a number of meetings between officials of both levels of education to discuss the quality of graduates entering university . The first meeting of the committee was held on Tuesday and its membership is comprised of UW Faculty deans and secondary school department heads, Thomas said. The committee will meet four times a year. In between, university officials will sit on school board meetings dealing with particular subject areas. One of the committee aims will cont’d from page 1 that for the last five years “figures show that Waterloo faculty salary increases have not kept pace with the Consumer Price Index, resultper cent. ’ ’ If a comparison is made with the salaries of local secondary school teachers, Conestoga College faculty, Ontario engineers, national private-sector employees and federal public service employees, UW professors would require increases ranging between 14 per cent and 30 per cent “to restore the relative position of five years ago”, the press release says. _. Presently, minimum salary levels for assistant professors, associate professors and professors are $14,500 $18,900 and $24,700. The minimum qualifications for an assistant professor normally include .nine to eleven years of university education, the press release says. “It was the feeling of Faculty Association members that, as responsible people who recognize the current economic plight of the country at large and the universities in particular, they must<exer‘cise restraint.” -john
mods
. erratum
-john
A student from St. Jerome’s was struck by a car on the ring road and hospitalized in an accident on Sept.1 1. As a result, suggestions have be& made to university president Burt Matthews that the safety of the road on this pedestrianoriented campus‘ should be investigated. The Student Association of Church Colleges suggested that the speed limit should be enforced and president of the Environmental Studies, Society, David McLellan adds that “perhaps security should divert their attentions somewhat from their CBt and motorcycle towing activities, &to this more critical area.” The problem is difficult in that security cannot charge nonuniversity people with speeding as the police can on city streets, Matthews said. The towing activities of security do not detract from their ability to enforce the speed limit, he addtid. Matthews does not believe that speed control bumps at crosswalks are a good idea, as was suggested by the SACC. They would cause damage to snowplows, he said. He hopes they will not be installed. The SACC also suggested that additional crosswalks should be installed near the Campus Centre and Ira J. Needles Hall because of the heavy volume of pedestrian traffic across the ring road at these points. McLellan adds that the existing crosswalks are inadequately lighted and this situation should be rectified in the “name of safety”. Matthews agrees and said that the crosswalk problem was being looked into immediately after the accident. The advisory cotimittee of traffic and parking is presently reviewing the problem of traffic safety on campus, added Matthews. So far, however, nothing has been done. -Iaura
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from a memo dated June 27, 1975 from UW vice-president in charge of finance, Bruce Gellatly, which questioned the school’s profesz sional liaison programme and its financing. The memo suggested alternative forms of financing might be needed for the programme if it was to continue. The professiorial liaison programme provides liaison between planning school and the planning profession and locates jobs for second and third year students through the professional liaison officer Hugh Lemon. Coblenz was called into the undergraduate affairs committee meeting and questioned about the fee hike. Apparently he had k&t the proposal on “the hush hush” because even the planning undergrad officer, Dr. R. Donney had not heard about the fee hike. However, Coblenz did agree to discuss the matter in an informal get together of third year planning students already scheduled. At this
9
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the chevron
friday,
I
november
28, 1975
Kati,e Curtin on China
ov. 28 - SOLQ OUT !%;I, Nov. 29 - SOLD OUT .Sun., Nov. 30th - SOLD OUT Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students
MON. DEC. 1 - 12100 noon Conrad Grebel College Choir performing Choral music of Brahms, Schutz, Hassles Christmas Music Bach motet: Der Geist Hilft conductor: William Janzen Jr. Theatre of the Arts Free Admission Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students
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trans-
“The full emancipation of ity in China today,” on these asserwomen in China will come only tions that she quoted from her book. with the end of all authoritarian, new line adopted in 1953 hierarchal regimes ‘that depend for ’ -“The (by the CCP) was that women’s libtheir existence on relations of mastery and subordination,” states eration was completed and no Katie Curtin in her book Women in longer required independent strugChina. f gles by women.” Curtin spoke on her book to an -“Women often receive fewer audience divided into two anwork points than men especially in tagonistic political camps on Wedthe rural areas.” - “The CCP’s conscious nesday evening November 19. policy The Kitchener - Waterloo has often been an undisguised Canada - China Friendship Society sympathy of the regime for the &WCCFS) distributed material bebourgeois family. ” fore the meeting with the slogan, --“Lack of adequate daycare and “Denounce Katie Curtin’s Anticommunal facilities continues to be China Line ! Support the People’s a major barrier to the equal particiRepublic of China!” pation of women in the labour Curtin explored two points of force.” view in her discussion and divided -“Organized opposition to divorce remains and hits women her speech between them. The first view: “China has little to offer us more severely then man.” because women in China are still -‘ ‘The proportion of women in the People’s Liberation Army is lower not emancipated.” The second view: “China is doing everything it than lo%.” can to liberate women and should -“Women constitute only 17% of be emulated.” workers in industry.” This second view had strong rep-“Women were less than eight per resentation in the audience while cent of the membership of the Curtin aligned, with some reservaNinth Central Committee elected tions, to the first view. in 1969.” Discussing the first view Curtin Curtin placed a sirong emphasis said “The achievements made thus on the sexual repression of women far (in the liberation of Chinese in China and was ridiculed by women) must be defended and members of the audience. A safeguarded.” In reply to the secmember of the audience requested ond view she continued, “the CCP that the subject be changed from (Chinese Communist Party) will orgasms to politics. . not and cannot carry them (the If Curtin’s assertions are true achievements of the liberation) they constitute very serious forward. ’ ’ ’ charges against the CCP. HowCurtin’s solution: “The road to ever, many in the audience declared that not only did they conliberation lies in the independent mobilization of the Chinese massider Curtin’s statements blatantly ses, who through a political revolufalse they also considered them - tion will sweep away and destroy _malicious. the ruling bureaucracy.” A major criticism of Curtin’s asCurtin based her view, that there sertions was that she never clearly is “a deeply rooted sexual inequalstated her political line which is 1
Trotskist. Curtin was accused by a member of the audience “for using women’s liberation as a front for what is essentially a Trotskist attack on the Maoist government in China.” Members of the audience took issue with Curtin on all of her statements. A fundamental point was raised when a member of. the audience asked, “Did Curtin know that Liu Shao-chi’s and Lin Piao’s line had been smashed?” Cur-tin’s line was identified with Liy, Shao-chi’s and Lin Piao’s by several members of the audience. Curtin did not commerit. The reliability of Curtin’s sources was severely questioned by the audience. Curtin has never been to China and accumulated her data from books she described as “generally sympathetic to the Maoist revolution.” Curtin felt her sources were objective: the audience did not. Members of the audience state; that Curtin’s views were opposite to the ones held by the women in China, themselves. “Women in China,” it was said, ‘:‘a.re leading in the emancipation of women all over the world.” Several pro-China groups represented at the meeting were the KWCCFS, the Anti-Imperialist Alliance (AIA), the Progressive Cultural Club, a Human Relations class, and the International Students Association. These groups formally denounced Curtin and her book for its “anti-China line.” The argument was heated and at times extremely abusive. Many-people in the audience objected to Curtin’s application of the term “bureaucratic regime” to the CCP and quoted sources citing the success of the Cultural Revolution in eliminating privileged institutions in the CCP. The KWCCFS allied Curtin to the two major exponents of antiChina propaganda, the Soviet Union and the United States. Heckling and constant. abusive interjections were employed as political strategy by many members of the audience which made it difficult for Curtin to answer questions. The talk ended with several people shouting “Go home” and “we want our money back. ” The hostility manifested by a large portion of the. audience detracted from serious and constructive discussion. -judy
jansen
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friday,
november
Liberation
the chevron
28, 1975
struggles
in southern
11
Africa
Rodney urges support of MPLA. in Angola Individuals supporting the independence of the Angolan people from the grasp of neo-colonialism must support the current effort being waged by MPLA against the two other nationalist movements, whose joint victory would ensure the sell-out of Angola’s resources and people to Western interests. This was the assertion of the well-known Guyanese historian Walter Rodney commenting on the current civil strife in Angola in a talk given in the Theatre of the Arts last Monday. Rodney’s lecture dealt with the liberation struggles which have been waged in various parts of southern Africa over the past decade. Specifically, these struggles have been fought in Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Angola against Portuguese colonialism and in Zimbabwe against the Rhodesian 1 Front regime of Ian Smith. He continually emphasized that such long term resistance involved a mass mobilization and mass politicization far beyond that which occurred in the other independent African countries during the period of de-colonization in the last decade. As a result economic and political formations likely to emerge in these ‘liberated’ countries will be far more democratic and progressive than those found in neocolonial states such as Zambia or Kenya or in openly fascist states
such as Uganda or Malawi. Rodney often referred to the current war in Angola as a continuation of this type of struggle where presently MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) is locked in a bitter civil war with FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola) and UNITA (Union for Total Independence of Angola). ,Both FNLA and UNITA, Rodney said, were relatively inactive duringthe greater part of the fight against the Portuguese and have only recently really entered the fray, set on filling the power vacuum left by the Portuguese withdrawal. Both groups, he went on to say, are heavily supplied with arms and with black and white mercenaries by South Africa, Zaire and the United States. Those political groups which would give support to either FNLA or UNITA who have now formed an alliance, he felt, might as well give their support directly to the directors of Gulf Oil. “The struggle being fought there now does not arise out of so-called tribalism” Rodney stated, “but emanates from the manoeuvres of U.S. imperialism.” “For years it was well-known”, he stressed, “that the FNLA led by Holden Roberto merely resided in what is now called Zaire. That their active participation in the resistance against Portuguese colonialism was indeed negligible.
Energy outbacks cause inconvenience Cutbacks made as part of UW’s energy conservation program are already causing inconveniences. Saving from present economies is estimated to be about 10 per cent of current expenditures. The “Working Group on Energy” met Tuesday and heard a report on energy conservation at UW. Significant savings have occurred in the use of fuel, electricity and in a related area in the use of water. The value of these savings was estimated at $177,000. In order to achieve this saving, various amenities and services have been reduced. One area evident to all is that lighting levels have been reduced throughout the university. In a related matter, since 1971 the area of floor space at UW has doubled while the staff available to service heating, lighting and air conditioning has remained the same. This has caused slower service and heavier workloads. It was suggested that in the future some buildings may be closed during summer months. The committee’s report was accepted and will be forwarded to vicepresident academic, Tom Brzustowski. In other business, the committee
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agreed to prepare a report for the “Porter Commission” on energy production from waste. The report on UW’s energy conservation program will also be sent to the commission. The “Porter Commission” is one of Ontario’s many royal commissions; this one is looking into electric power planning. -john
Stafford
Crete conditions amenable to such a rilla war against Portuguese coltransfer of power do not at this time onialism in Mozambique. exist Following independence last “I’m not naive enough to believe summer, the first official state visit that there are no dangers but I bemade by the new Mozambican lieve those dangers to be important head of state was to Peking. Aware only to the extent that a people’s of the Russo-Sino split, president struggle makes them. To the extent Machel affirmed to the Chinesethat a people’s, struggle has maleadership his nation’s indepentured then those-dangers become less dence from any other major power. and less. At any rate Rodney pointed out If we have no struggle then of that a revolutionary group should always deal with the immediate course we will be there to be the contradiction, with the immediate plaything of any foreign power”. Citing the example of the Vietenemy. And in the current Angolan namese people who in their resiscontext, the immediate enemy, he tance against the American inva- , asserted, was the West’s attempt to sion used Russian surface to air set up a neo-colonial ‘comprador’ missiles to deal with the American state under the aegis of either B-52’s, Rodney questioned FNLA or, UNITA. whether the Vietnamese people He added: “And it seems to me were any less confident of their inunlikely that the person who is dmwndependence than if they had reing will say that he will pass up the frained from using Russian arms. choice of getting out of the water for Utilizing a more relevant examfear that he will be run over by a car ple Rodney noted that FRELIMO when he gets up and therefore will received much material support allow himself to drown.” from the Soviet Union in its guer-doUg ward
And that both directly through its relationship with Zaire and indirectly through its relationship to Roberto as leader, the FNLA has become a fledgling of the U.S. and of their interests in that part of the world.” The nature of UNITA, Rodney remarked, was for a long time not as clear and African radicals were willing to give UNITA the benefit of the doubt. However, its current alliance with FNLA as well as its recent recruitment of white mercenaries from South Africa clearly shows that its vision of an independent Angola is akin to that type of neo-colonial state found in almost all African states save Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau. Rodney’s remarks ran counter to the strong campaign presently being waged in most of the Western press against MPLA. MPLA is not favoured by Western governments or by the media due to its determination to construct an economy free of the control of capitalist companies based in New York, London or Paris and because of its intention to form political structures based on local assemblies wherein people would have input into decisions which would effect their daily lives. Such goals, Rodney said, are found wanting in most African countries and in most of the Third World. Moreover, such aims if accomplished would curb Gulf Oil’s investments in the oil-rich Cabinda region and, more importantly, according to Rodney, threaten in the long term the substantial interest of the West in the’ maintenance of a racist and capitalist South Africa. Russian presence The Guyanese historian also dealt with the pertinent issue of the Russian presence in Angola and of the dangers implicit in heavy Soviet support to the MPLA regime. Rodney admitted that in such a struggle the usurption of real power by a more powerful support group was a his torical possibility. Referring continually to the creative approach used by MPLA in its politicization of the peasantry in the regions it controlled, Rodney however, emphasized that the con-
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friday,
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november
>28,
1
1975
This is the second and final inSt~/lment of a feature on .. Syncrude examining the manner_i_n which the oil companies contrived to draw the federal and provincial gdvernments into their venture to guarantee their profits. It is by University of Alberta political economist Larry Pratt, and is adopted . from Canadian Forum magazine. ’
that?” asked one cabinet minister. The negotiations were %nse and tough, but they were not sacrastic.” One can only hope that it was so. Of course, it is conceivable that had some of the tough talk, rudeness, black looks and posturing been aimed in the direction of the three foreign oil companies, the people of Canada might have derived some tangible benefit over and above the dubious psychic gratification of watching their politicians play the fool while selling out the country’s resources.
Ottawa’s moves made the Winnipeg summit meeting of . February 3 largely anticlimactic.. - The search for new partners for Syncrude brought the province of Ontario, concerned about future oil supplies agreement” \ “G&Memen’s .. and manufacturing contracts linked to, the tar sands PI& agreement” ject, and Shell Ca%ada to Winnipeg along with Impe&l, . Under the terms of the “gentlemen’s negotiated in Winnipeg, Syncrude became the offspring of Gulf,‘Cities Service and delegations from Ottawa and Edthree Canadian governments and three US-controlled oil monton. companies. Shell had professed interest in joining the project, but in The new equity shares and capital commitments broke Winnipeg, according to one account, “Shell’s terms were down as follows: -Imperial Oil increased its percentage so high that even the other three oil company executives holding by 1.25 percent to 3 1.25 percerif(but increased its Perhaps. It is well to recall that Shell had were surprised.” dollar commitments to $625 million; Gulf increased its its own big project pending, that it too was looking for equity share by 6.75 percent to 16.75 percent and its dollar government participation, and that its terms would be commitment-by $235 million. v@lly influenced by the outcome in Winnipeg. Cities Service decreased its percentage by &percent to The company was certainly not there to east the pres222 percent and increased its dollar commitment by $140 sure on the politicians; more likely it was there to present a . ’ million. Ottawa agreed to come in for 15 percent, or $300 common front with the other large companies. Having million on a projected estimate of $2 billion; Alberta took 10 failed to impress the governments with his demands percent oftherisk capital, or $200 million; and Ontario took (which reportedly included a floor price and additional 5 percent, or $100 million. relief from Alberta) Shell Canada chief C.W. Daniel took The three companies have 70 percent ownership, and, his leave. interestingly, Imperial Oil has just enough equity to outDiscussions, then turned to the issue of government vote the three governments combined. equity participation in Syncrude and how the total should In addition to these new participation arrangements Albe divided among Ottawa, Alberta and Ontario. berta agreed to loan Gulf and Cities Service $100 million The old feuds quickly surfaced again among the politi- ’ each in the form of debentures which are convertible to cians : Peter Lougheed was determined that the minimum equity, and to pick up the entire cost of Syncrude’s utility for entry must be five percent of equity; Ontario Premier plant (estimated at $300 million) and pipeline ($100 mill- ’ William Davis wanted to make a smaller offer. According ion). to one account, . But the province is also facing huge infrastructure costs Mr. Lougheed apparently walked in with both for highways, schools, bridges, services, etc., associated guns blazing andlaid about with a rudeness that with Synciude-estimated at $300 million in early 1975. startled many at the table. At one point, when OnIn return for these committmentS, the Alberta government tarig was talking about investing $50 million in the, left the Winnipeg meeting with 10 percent, cantrol and the oil sands project, Mr. Lougheed remarked sarcas ti’ potential of 3.6 percent control (if it converts debentally that Mr. Davis should have saved himself the tures and the Alberta Energy Company exercises its 20 plane fare out, then suggested he take h{s assistants percent option in the’ plant-worth $400 million.) (actually, two cabinet ministers) to another room to But this does nottell the full story. The three companies , come up with something serious . . . also managed to arrange a tax regime for Syncrude which, Also not helping things at the Winnipeg meet&g ’ in effect, means that they will end up paying for far less was Mr. Lougheed’s aggressive attempt to get than 70 percent of the project. commitments that Sarnia’s petrochemical industry Because Syncrude is a joint venture and not a separate would be discouraged from further expansion. He company, under federal tax rules the companies can write wanted the commitments as part of the Syncrude off their full investment ($1.4 billion) in the project from . package. He got black looks from Ontario and notheir taxable income of presently producing oil wells. thing from federal Energy Minister Donald MacThese write-offs should be worth just over $500 million to donald. the corporations. Alberta’s delegates later denied this version of the disSecond; the companies will be able to claim “earned pute with Ontario. “Can you imagine our premier saying depletion” allowances at the rate of. $1~ for. every $3, in: ~ . .
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vested in S yncrude-worth another $170 million .,-The project also draws tax advantages by being classified a “mine” rather than an ‘<oil well“. Once it begins producing oil, any payments made to Alberta through revenue sharing or royalties will be deductible from federal taxable income because of Turner’s special exemption. Moreover,-one-third of the income from the project will escape taxes completely since the governments will be participating via crown agencies not subject to corporate ‘income tax, and this too could end up saving the private partners in the consortium substantial sums of money. f All this is over and above the concessions won by-the . companies from Alberta in J973 in devising the profitsharing formula. All of which bears out the adage, “agood tax accountant is worth a hundred salesmen.” -And a friendly minister of finance is worth a great deal more. - From the taxpayer’s perspective, then, the celebrations that followed the conclusion of the Winnipeg talks were perhaps a trifle premature. Under the complex arrangements agreed to by the politicians, the public is committed to the tune of some 75 percent of the capital costs through equity, loans and , foregone taxes, and the people of Alberta must bear the full burden of the related infrastructure charges. In return for, these very expensive commitments the public has 30 percent-ownership, a dubious profit-sharing formula which gives the companies a strong incentive to runthe project without a profit, and little or nofederaltaxes. It is a very highpl;ice to pay to keep open the oil sands option: complete public ownership of Syncrude would probably cost far less, since all returns from the project would at least be captured by the public sector.
Concealing
the costs
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How much return the taxpayer will recoup under the existing arrangement depends on many variables, including future oil prices, additional cost escalations, the ability of the government representatives on.Syncrude’s committee’s to ride herd on the three private partners and Bechtel, how muchpurchasing of equipment and services is done through in-house transfers within, the oil companies, the extent of Canadian involvementin contracting for equipment and services, whether the governments obtain rights to license technology evolving out of the project, how the governments dispose of their 30 percent of the synthetic crude, and so on. . On the strength of past performance it is difficult to be optimistic and it is unlikely that we will ever know the full costs we are bearing because the governments will have an obviousvested interests in concealing the compromises they will be forced to make. g Already, the politicians progress reports 0; Syncrude are being written with a fog-index dense enough to conceal unpleasant facts and confound skeptics. -
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The implications, however, ,extend well beyond the tar sands. That the world is not facing imminent short term oil shortages, nor did it in 1973, is now generally understood. ’ continued from page 13 Professor Ode11 remarks in. his authoritative Oil and World Power that, ‘ ‘the medium-to long-term Unfortunately, ‘Canada has no legislative equiva,loutlook for the buildup of significant oil-production . ent of America’s new ‘ ‘Freedom of Information potential; not only in-areas which are large oil users, Act” which would allow interested citizens access but also in areas which could become important new to vital information. What information we are given oil exporters, is probably brighter now than they D will be carefully packaged, designed to sell the prohave been at any time in the whole post-1945 period ject, to consumers, voters and paxpayers who are of dependence on the energy-using world on the oil footing the bill. reserves of the Middle Eastern I and one or two other Canada’s paternalistic political traditions and our countries. ” poorly developed sense of citizen involvement in These potentials, Ode11 adds, “undermine thevalidnational and provincial politics should ensure Synity of the spectre of a physical shortage of oil in relation crude a future far less troubled by close public to the world’s increased needs in the last fifteen years scrutiny r that its past record justifies. . / ’ or so of the present century.” The Economist, which unfashionably predicted in insist that Canadian consumers and taxpayers underPolitics of imperialismearly 1974, that the world was moving into a large write much of the risk and cost of developing and Beyond the specific meaning of the Syncrude physical. surplus, noted in March 1975 that “oil was protecting new energy resources. sell-out, there lies the larger and more fundamental heading for its biggest instant glut.” OPEC has been The industry’s strategy is to shift risks to the question of what it implies,about the nature of power shutting-in some 12 million barrels a (day recently, public sector while forcing today’s consumer to pay -, and democracy in Canada. about one-third-of its productive capacity, a&l there for tomorrow’s oil, and by mid-1975 there was every In his study of “the private government of oil”, in have been predictions that this shut-in capacity indic,ation that the strategy was working. the United States (The Politics of Oil), Robert Enwould rise to 15 or 16 million barrels a day b,efore the The federal authorities have not only bailed out gler remarks on “the incompatibility of a socially end of 1975. Syncrude, they have indicated a willingness to raise irresponsible system of power with the goal of a truly Producing countries such as Lybia and Abu Dhabi oil and gas prices substantially_, offer low royalties democratic society. A.corrosion of democratic prinhave’already experienced severe problems in selling and taxes in the north, guarantee returns, provide ciples and practices pervades whenever the interests their oil, and the surplus has manifestly expensive publicly-financed intiastructure and so of private oil and public policy meet.” strengthened the bargaining hand of the “seven sisforth. .e But the impact of this socially irresponsible systers” of world petroleum. This will apply not only to the tar sands, but to the tem of power is not limited to the United States; this One US energy economist went s0fara.s to argue development of frontier oil and gas reserves, the private government of oil has power all over the in the Wall Street Journal on March 20, 1975, that: financing of pipelines., research and development world. programs for new processes and technologies and in Theoil cartel is in the early stages of a break’ The organized influence of international oil in covering large social and environmental effects of down. Crude,petroleum prices are being lowCanadian society, as seen through the Syncrude the policy. . 1 ered, both ‘directly and indirectly, by* indiepisodes, extends to the highest levels of our politiIn suchcircumstances, Petrocan, the national petvidual producing countries seeking to in-/ _cal life. roleum company, could conceivably be turned into crease their exports. In the next several The American corporation h-as indeed become a nothing more than another secretarial and capital months, the demand for, OPEC produced pet- \ central cog in the national politics of Canada. Thus if p 1 of the multinational oil industry. roleum will decline sharply. The cartel willfall private oilis corrupting democracy in the United % at price is self-sufficiency in energy worth payapart when its members prove unable to share States, in Canada it is also corrupting the possibilty ing? Is it worth twenty Syncrudes? The costs of the. necessary production costs. Y X j of national sovereignty and independence. For the building new energy capacity in Canada have been source of the power which lies behind the successful Against this extreme viewpoint -it can be argued estimated by federal officials at well over $100 billion. political manoeuvres and pressure tactics of that the current surplus is more aconsequence of Should Ottawa adopt a Syncrude prototype policy Canada’s oil lobby is not to be found in Canada world, recession and reduced demand than of inin a bid to regain the nation’s position of net energy itself; this power is foreign. creased alternate supplies, and that OPEC can and self-sufficiency, the public will be carrying much of / In the last analysis the politics of Syncrude are the will stabilize and even increase oil prices by sharing ,this cost-as well as the opportunity cost of what politics of imperialism. What can we do about it? additional production cuts. ,must be foregone or sacrificed in terms of other Cartels are. not permanent, stable entities, but pressing social and economic needs-with little Setting a precedent -\ OPECsliould be understood as more than a simple guarantee that the real owners of the resources will In spite of the Syncruderescue operation, the producer’s cartel motivated merely by economic in-. recoup anything approaching their true value. future of the Alberta tar sands remains a major questefests. It is’more like a trade union than a cartel, in Further, a policy of providing incentives to the tion mark. that shared ideological, psychological and political - large international energy companies in the hope Rapid intensive exploitation ofthe giant resource variables play a major role in its collective decisions, that they willincrease supplies is sure to add to the is far more .problematic than it appeared during the and these may prove to be more durable than country’s long-run foreign ownership burden which -first anxious days of the energy crisis. And it now economic considerations. is already intolerably high. seems certain that any further dvelopment by the X Attempts by the western consuming nations to . Dollars for resources international oil companies will have to be heavily _undermine OPEC are consequently more,than likely subsidized and underwritten by the-Canadian and to increase its solidarity. Moreover, the intemaWill such a policy avert a confrontation with the Albertan governments-unless they are prepared to tional oil industry is’ most unlikely to assist any United States over Canadian energy exports? break the veto power of the lease-holders and demovement toward the destruction’ of the present Ottawa appears to be exceedingly worried about velop Canada’s future energy resources themselves. artificial price structure, and there are also imporits energy relations with the US and it has every Neither of these courses of action is likely to be tant consuming countries that want prices kept high reason to be. Our past decisions are now weighing inexpensive or without significant economic and so as to encourage develop-ment of their own high- , _ heavily on our present choices, our freedom to manpolitical risk, but it is vital that the option of public cost energy resources. oeuvre is sharply constrained by the continental ownership of key energy resources at least be seriNevertheless, the surplus is likely to grow for energy arrangements already in place. ously debated by Canadians. some time to come, and this is bound to create some The US appears to be adopting a “dollars for If this alternative is not kept ,alive, we may well strains within OPEC and make it difficult, though resources” position that, in effect, implies the threat find that Syncrude has become the prototype for certainly not impossible, for the producers’ organito withholdcapital, technology and expertise unless future energy resource development in Canada. How zation to stabilize the world oil market, for any preCanada agrees to continue supplying energy across muchis self-sufficiency inenergy worthtoCanadians? dictable time-frame. the forty-ninth parallel-even if this means growing An obvious precedent was established inthe < shortages for Canadians. 1973-75 bargaining over Syncrude’s terms, a preceThe refusal of the US Export-Import Bank to dent that every major resource developer in the underwrite loans for Syncrude may well have been country can now use as its base or starting point. intended to flash this message to Ottawa, protestaWithin days of the Winnipeg deal, all other pros. 1 tions to the contrary notwithstanding. pective tar sands projects were tied to the Syncrude In view of the rising demands in Canada for model of government participation, guaranteed ) domestic energy and the virtual impossibility ‘of prices, tax concessions and exemptions and trimrapidly developing reserves surplus to national re\ med front-end costs. -quirkments, it is hard to see how a confrontation Shell, for instance, announced that it was seeking ’ with the US over future oil and gas exports can be government. investment (as of this writing, Shell avoided without inflicting serious hardship on Canada is still looking for partners to take up 50 h’. Canadian consumers. percent of the consortium’s risk capital) and some _ Certainly, Canada is going to be hard-pressed to new breaks: “For one thing,‘.’ C.W. Daniel, Shell attain its declared objective of national selfCanada president, noted in April 1975, “we would \sufficiency in energy while increasing its, depenhope for some kind of built-in protection against the dence on a wealthy, powyrful American industry possibility of dropping world oil prices, such 9 that historically has been vutually inseparable from being offered North Sea operators, and are being US diplomatic and security policy. recommended for U.S. oil shale developers.‘? Canadians too must begin to understand that the Shell’s mining project is estimated at $2.4 billion, security and strategic aspects of energy resources but we can be virtually certain that this figure will are likely to become increasingly critical in the years a’ rise appreciably as its negotiations progress with $ ahead. Issues that once could be left in the hands of EAlberta and Ottawa. Home Oil was also fast-off the Z businessmen and government’ economists, now immark to inform both levels of government that its I pinge directly on the bra-ader question of Canada’s project would remain on the shelf unless it too obsovereignty and security. tained “treatment at-least as favourable as that given c Canada’s own future energy choice&ncluding its If war is too important a business to’ be left to Syncrude.” policy toward the Athabaska tar San&are very generals, energy is too important a business to be left’ There is nothing particularly surprising in such re- _ much bound up with these unpredictable $41 oil men. and unsta:, quests; any oil company would be missing an obvious ble world conditions. ’ (%+&-should now begin to move toward a much bet if it failed to point to Syncrude as a precedent. The nation’s shortfaIls ‘of domestically-produced more activist energy policy that has the dual objective Sun Oil, owner of Great Canadian Oil Sands, has of (a) improving our domestic supply and demand crude oil and natural gas, and its locked-in export asked for kxemptions from both export controls and , ties to the United States, may panic Ottawa into equation, while (b) ,at the sametime reducing our excessive dependence on the US and its oil industry. the export tax, and it can be expected that access to pursuing an energy stategy that could leave CanaOttawa’s current policies stress the creation of US refineries for Athabaska synthetic crude will dians paying for high-cost, heavily-subsidized renew supplies(next to nothing has been done to cut play an important role in future bargaining as the oil serves that are over-priced for tomorrow’s market. companies try to roll back the National Energy Cognizant of this and the possibility’that world demand), but they also stimulate, indeed underI write, the rapid growth of foryign ownership and Board’s oil export restriction policy. ‘prices may decline, the major oil companies will
friday,
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control of the nation’s ur Such an approach is sl contradictory; since neitl the international oil indu ing Canada attain a posi and independence. At b choices and compound 1 with our present energy The problems are not s are few ready made pana evidence ,’ for example, Canadian public is ready as the wholsale nationali This sort of measure u major confrontation wit1 full-blown economic ant Canadians have not bee surely ensue. The likely result of su plemented, would be a 1 order and a sharp reverse idea of Canadian indepe The day may come wh seem both necessary and of Canadians. But that d what is to be done?
Reconsiderir $3 an alternative to t board atpropriation on OI of present policies on the ( move on several’fionts tc tives of improving eneq national sovereignty. At home, the veto PC companies over future er ended, and the state mu ownership of selected r-t should shift away from e icy emphasizing indepen proaches. , Althygh nationalizati 1s plainly not a realistic pc must nevertheless recon! ownership of key resour Ottawa should view thl from the perspective of ideology. As has been de Syncrude, the political ef ownership option is to t
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resources. inherently mment nor :rest in seeself-reliance tpone hard < that goes ‘, and there iere is little gwa or the rtions sue h 1 industry. ing about a &es, and a for which uld almost aturely im: of the first support the c remedies :e numbers row. Then
ms across-theontinuation uld begin to two objecenhancing iltinational :nt must be sively into d, Canada m to a polilateral apbil industry lw, Ottawa L on public i. ownership ler, not of ie study of the public own bar-
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gaining position and to give added leverage to the multinational companies that are presently sitting on our resources and looking for the best available terms. Canada must be willing to consider the public option, if only to improve its negotiating stance in bargaining with transnational firms and to avoid situations in which it finds itself being played off against other governments. But it is obvious that such a policy can only succeed if a government is prepared, in the final analysis, to establish its reputation for consistency and toughness by moving swiftly and aggressively into public ownership of certain key resources or individual projects when the industry begins its familiar pressure tactics of witholding capital and threatening scarcity. Such tactics should be treated-as a threat to Canada’s overall security and countered with a demonstration of resolve and strength. Ottawa should choose its own battleground -it might decide to take over a single large project, or it could move to bring one of the major oil companies, preferable Imperial Oil, under public ownership -and it would have to be prepared to see the matter through. What is essential is that the government of Canada signal through some dramatic m6ve that it has the resolve and the public support to break the veto power of foreign companies over Canadian resources. Provided-and it is no small proviso-that the extraordinarily difficult jurisdictional disputes with Alberta could be sorted out, the tar sands might be a useful place for Ottawa to begin this policy of limited public ownership. Government involvement in the tar sands has a long _and respectable tradition: without that involvement the truth is that Canada’s oil sands would not be in production today. But, in spite of the tradition, for all practical purposes, it is the large resource companies that enjoy exclusive concessionary privileges and control over this and most other Canadian resources. “Effective entry ,” Eric Kierans noted in his report on Manitoba’s resource policies, “is confined to the very rich and the very large corporations who are unwilling, given alternative possibilities in other countries, to offer reasonable returns to the people whose resources they have enclosed.” By default, the companies holding leases in the tar
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The people of Alberta and the rest of Canada would be in a position to capture all the economic rents for little more-and possibly less-expense or risk than they are at present incurring. A large Canadian industry could be developed to build and service the plants; Canadian engineers and scientists could lead the way in developing the resource; and the country would be guaranteed a steady, growing supply of’high quality energy. The costs of such a policy would be high in the initial yews admittedly, and there would still be some economic risk and environmental damage associated with tar sands development-public ownership is not a panacea-but this approach would reduce our children’s burden of foreign ownership and dependence and it would also mark a decisive political precedent. And this, of course, is why the oil industry and its powerful political allies would fiercely resist the attempt to bring a resource such as the tar sands under total public ownership and control. On the international level, Canada should begin to sands hold monopoly power, the power to over- 6 balance its bilateral energy contracts and relations charge and to restrict supplies, and they are using with the United States by adopting a more indepenthis power to ensure that development either prodent stance on international energy issues and by ceeds according to their terms or does not proceed at utilizing, where available, multilateral approaches in all. energy deplomac y . Minority public participation in a venture such as Official bilateralism must yield to a more activist Syncrude does not change this basic situation, but it defence of Canadian interests. This would be percertainly does enlarge the margin of public costs and fectly consistent with Ottawa’s own “third option” risks. in foreign policy, namely the gradual reduction of OUT The joint venture, or “partnership” approach, vulnerability and dependence on the US through implies a rough equality of power and mutuality of the diversification of our political, economic, culinterests between the multinational oil companies tural and military relationships. and our governments, but the power is not shared To cite some areas where bilateralism should give equally and their interests are not compatible in the way to a mix of independence plus multilateralism, long run. Canada should publicly dissociate its international “Participation” may therefore be the least acenergy policies from those of the US State Departceptable approach to new energy resource dement and it should express its strong opposition to velopment . moves that are plainly intended to enhance American interests at the expense of resource producers in Defending Canadian interests the Third World. It would be no impossible undertaking to develop Ottawa should not align itself with Washington in the tar sands under a jointly owned federalany diplomatic efforts to undermine and destroy provincial crown corporation, with ownership rights OPEC or similar commodity associations. Such effto the resource remaining in the hands of Albertans. forts are likely to be counterproductive, will earn The advantages of doing this today at the outset of Canada the enmity of developing countries, and also the development process are obvious, as are the begin from the false premise that our interests benefits that would flow from being able to plan for necessarily coincide with those of the United States the ecological problems with the illogical leasing and its corporations. system ended. In truth, Canadian interests may often lie with the producers instead of the consumers. Canada should, however, try to mediate between producers and consumers, acknowledging the aspirations of many developing nations for a new international economic order; but such a policy would require a clearcut break with the heavy-handed tactics that have often characterized US diplomacy on resource matters. In the long run Canada’s interests may lie in attempting to take a positive part in fashioning a more equitable, and also more stable, world economic order; certainly they do not lie in a policy designed to help ’ recreate an American hegemony. An old order is passing; Canadians should acknowledge that fact and try to play a progressive role in assisting the birth of its successor. A multilateral approach, as opposed to our traditional bilateralism, could well be in Canada’s interest in certain other areas. Problems of Arctic sovereignty, northern resource development, offshore resource exploitation are obvious candidates for a multilateral approach in external policy. Other writers have advocated a closer association with countries such as .Norway , Denmark and the Soviet Union in defending Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic from American encroachments. Canada has much to learn from-and perhaps something to teach-such countries, with whom she shares many common problems and interests in the north. Canada should also have better links with other oil ’ producers-including Norway, the OPEC bloc, Mexico-that have bargained more effectively with / the international industry. An exchange of information concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the various major companies, of world reserves, supply and demand estimates, future price trends, replacement costs and so on, would give Canada needed leverage in its negotiations with the oil industry and reduce the possibility of the companies returning to their old game of playing producers off against each other. Canada would not have to join OPEC to gain the advantages of such a policy but she would certainly have to make some kind of break with American energy strategy in order to win the confidence of other producers. Much more could be added along these lines. But it must be understood that there are real options in ~ energy open to Canadians between the extremes of Syncrude and wholesale nationalization. An activist mix of domestic and international energy policies, emphasizing public ownership of selected resources and projects at home and independence and multilateralism abroad could, if aggressively and consistently implemented, take Canada a long way toward the resolution of her growing energy predicament. Beyond this, it would also commence the necessary process of repatriating key areas of the Canadian economy and changing the conditions that gave rise to the politics of Syncrude. a
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Last Friday, the Warriors reWestern has their entire forward turned to Wilfrid Laurier to defend ’ line returning from last year plus 2 transfer students; 6’3” Jim Hunter their championship. They met strong- opposition from Sheppard from Victoria and 6’1” Don Sims College._ State College of West Virginia in the ’ from Central Connecticut opening game. They will be far better than the Last year in the NAIA Sheppard team we saw last year. Their op, went 27-S in their conference and position, Acadia, played in last gave the Warriors an object lesson year’s CIAU and will once again in full court. pressure defence and return to Waterloo with a strong powerful rebounding. The half time lineup. Eugene Saunders and score found the Warriors down Shawne Ricks are the veterans of- a 46-32. team which had enough strength to The second half wasn’t any betplay Boston University and make it ter, as the Ram shooters began to I interesting. _ find the range and powered ShepGame Two features Guelph, pard-to a fmal score of 91-61. Cinderella winners of the CIAU 6 Saturday night saw the Warriors two years previously, and Wintake on the Carleton Ravens and it nipeg. Guelph, coming off a double would be an understatement to say victory over Lakehead, appear to that the Warriors played badly. have a good team led by Canadian Sloppy defence and poor shooting National team player Bob Sharpe,’ ‘by the Warriors allowed Carleton to 6’6” centre Henry Vandenburg and take a 43-41 lead at half-time. 6’3” Vita Bommarito. jeff and The Warriors seemed to find new John Smith are both at Guelph this life in the second half and came out ye-ar and should give Guelph plenty playing more aggressive defence. of power on the backboards. With Some fine inside shooting by Phil AmbroseCmpana leadingthemb Schlote and strong board work by the backcourt, Guelph could be Steve Garrett and Doug Vance tough. produced a 7 point lead with about WinmPeg could be the team to 7 minutes remaining in the game. watch in the West and in the tourTo counter a strong inside attack nament. Pre-season action saw Carleton turned to a zone defense and outscored the Warriors 15-5 in them beat Manitoba by 15 points in and 6’3” the final 5 minutes and managed an the Btandon tournament Paul Player can rebound with the -83-78 win. It was the Warrior’s first loss to a best of them. Winnipeg played MikeMoore and the Sir George Team of Canadian team since the semilast year on CBC and proved that finals of the CIAU two years ago, they call indeed provide Strong OP-and broke the Warriors unbeaten position for any team. . I string of 31 games. Today, the Eighth Annual NaisThe evening session will see mith’ Classic begins in the PAC. Laurier and York square off at Games on Friday begin at I:00 and 7%). York is a quick, tough club, 3:00 p.m. for the afternoon session who are not tall, but can run with and 7:00 and 9:00 in the evening. the best. Ev Spence and Ted Galka The afternoon sessions will see can run and gun, making good use Western and Acadia in Game One of the 30 second clock. and Guelph vs Winnipeg in Game Laurier, on the other hand, is far Two. stronger than last year. After see-
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PRE-CHRISTMAS
ing them in the tournament weekend, fans say that the Ha could be a contender. Chuck Chambliss is an exe player to watch. He will put the up -from 40 feet if you-leave alone and has it all over Rod I (remember Rod Dean?) as a man show. More importar Mark Christianson at 6’5” powerful centre and clutch S' ter. He jumps well and his 0' passes trigger a Laurier fast b which may best be described semi-organized stampede. Tl foreyOnthebFis Ofa 4?Point formance by Chambllss agE Carleton and the play of Chris son, Laurier vs York has good sibilities of becoming a firepc display, especially if there enough fans to make things g( -The feature game at 9:00 LakFhed Playing the Warriors the Only quesuons here is how will the Warriors play. Coming dismal performance last week hope to turn things around for ’ ‘home Opener. Far!s look forwal the return of Jamie Russell whc been with the National team fo
past severalwe&s. Reports
cate that he is, playing well hopefully his return will inspire Warriors. Lakehead made a coacl change over the summer and 1 coach Arne Donovan has gon an exclusively Canadian lir which is a d&in&e change con teams of past years. Lakehead : unknown factor this year but can never tell, sometimes str things happen. Tickets are $1 .5h for stud and $2.00 for-others and are ‘b sold in session lots. There are sessions, 2 on friday and 2 Saturday. Tickets are available il athletic office in the PAC or a door.
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x
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576-773l
T
, november
ng back Mike
28, 1975
Diduck
:e Bow/ game played
the chevron
makes yards for the Calgary last Friday night in Toronto.
Dinosaurs
in the
Neil Lumsden
(No. 33) of Ottawa
is dropped
in the backfield.
Ottawa
went on to win, however,
photo by lomaga
3 following open letter to the UW athletic community was submit’ to the chevron by George Lomaga, who joined the Warriors this lr after being injured in a tryout w-ith the Toronto Argonauts.
U the University of Waterloo there are three major sports: basketI, hockey and football. 3ne mentions the basketball team and images of national championps and Naismith Classics come to mind. With our hockey team one also thinks of national championships 1 exciting wide open play. Aention the football team to a student on this campus he would ler yawn or laugh. The reason these emotions are evoked are :ause the basketball and hockey teams are winners; the football m, habitual losers. s it proper to place the blame fort he lack of success of the football m on one and only one man’s shoulders? The answer to that ?stion is an emphatic yes! Iver the last few years there has been a wealth of talent at Iterloo, this year being no exception. The problem is that a lot of time that talent was wasted, sitting on the bench or not dressed. ‘his is not 6 say that the people who did play were not talented, in certain positions wiser choices could have been made. Ine has only to look at Wally Delahey’s record at this school (4 IS, 16 losses, 1 tie in the past three years) to see that this season s not an isolated case. Waterloo has never been a contender for a lmpionship in football. The only thing they have had to contend 7 is the apathy of the students, and the inadequacies of the coach. is a solution we suggest that t he head of physical education, Carl zke, should start looking for a new head coach with some backund and experience in college or pro-football. Not like Wally
74-g over Calgary.
photo by george lomaga
xCollege Bowl 75 Ottawa 14 Calgary 9
Roes Bauer
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3- 7 in the battle of the giant ball.
\
brge lomaga
-bailers whip Windsor : Waterloo Athenas have hitting the basketball court regularly over the past two and now have a league reIf 2-3. ir latest encounter was last I night in Windsor, where the as defeated the Lancerettes core of 42-36. Windsor team has a number N faces this year and they ost some of the strength of us years, nevertheless they :he game very challenging for henas by changing their de= tactics several times during ne. The Athenas had to cope
with a full court man to man press, half court press, 1,3,1 zone defense and 212 zone defence. As a result the Athenas did not run their offense very effectively, however they did recognize openings and capitalized fairly well. Defensively, they played very well, doing the most effective job to date in that area. The center position has been the one area where the Athenas have had to spend a great deal of time as no one had any experience in that area. Chris Timms did an excellent job in that spot in the McMaster game and will probably see action.
17
The forward, Karen Stuart and the two other centers starting to feel more at home in the center spot are gradually becoming scoring threats. The second half of the season, should really see them at their full capabilities. While many players are still getting their new environment sorted out, Janet Passmore and Ellen Boudreau have been doing an excellent job both offensively and defensively, providing the much needed stability in tough spots. The Athenas have one more league game before Christmas on Dec. 2 at Western. They hope to first up this half with a 4-3 record.
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friday,
the chevron
Intramural --
-
-_
_--
-
-
Withthe term drawing quickly to an end, most of the intramural programs and participating teams, are presently engaged in play off situations. THERTRC
OFTHE
N-S
U”100ERN
LANGURGES BUILDING ,UN NERSITY OF WRTERMO >
nite playoffs in hockey the teams that have adsemi-finals inB level. At of the Thursday games
28,
davoffs
-
I-
teams will be matched against Flyers and a second will meet Vl West. Upon. the outcome of these games, the semi-finals will be played Tuesday night. Wednesday night, December 3 at 1O:lO p.m. will be the final game. For any of you interested in witnessing some iine hockey, please feel welcome to attend. ’ - .In A level, E .S .S. and Math have
Nlen’& Competitive Hockey The Sunday will determine vanced to the present, none
_~-
november
-
1
----
tramural team champion. Final games, semi-final and q\ final games will be played at h Springer Arena.
Men’s Competitive Basketball Playoff
The Basketball plafoffs weekend have produced -& oft andB level semi-finalists as well 2
(UNIVERSITY CRTHOllC PRRISH 1 Actjon
%eiIsu2E! lhdge Tm& is pleased
to announce
APPEARANCE
the
OF
MIKE LEHMAN TONIGHT
- Thursday only
IAN THOMAS !Leisuti Zodge TmQ Speedville Ave., (Preston) Cambridge
game being played
at the Queensmount
to determine their standings. St. Jeromes and the Alufahons are patiently waiting as these are the two teams that they will meet in the quarter finals. Again, both these games promise to be exciting and enjoyable as some fine hockey will be displayed. On Wednesday night at 11:30 p.m. the winners of the quarter finals will meet in the championship game to determine another in-
Notice To Students Registering In January 1976 In view of the current postal disruption, the following arrangements have been made for those students registering in programs beginning in January 1976.
Off-Campus
Students
For students currently off campus, schedules and fee statements will be available in the Physical Activities Complex (Red activity area) during the first week in January. Students can pick up their schedules and pay their fees (Blue activity area) at that time.
On-Campus
653-5735
hockey
have been played, however the game withV2 South matched against Math B should be veIy close as ,both teams have a very similar win/loss record. Following that game, V 1 East will meet team Lakeshore. This again will be interesting as neither team has lost a game this term. At this time Friday matches are still very much in the air since 3 teams are still trying to gain position in the quarter finals. One of the three
ONL-Y
NEXT WEEK Tuesday
in a men’s intramural
Students
For students who are currently on campus and will be staying on campus to complete an 8-month session, schedules and fee statements will be available at the Registrar’s Office beginning Friday, November 28, 1975. Students can pay their fees at the Financial Services Office located on the 2nd floor of Needles Hall.
New
ID Card
Arrangements
Beginning with the registration in January 1976, returning students (both full and part time) will not be issued new ID cards. Individual validation stickers will be issued (a concept similar to the Ontario car license plate stickers) and are to be placed at the bottom of the present ID cards. New ID cards with a revised format will be issued only to newly admitted students.
Friday & Saturday
The diagram is an example panying instructions.
of the validation
~-
- -_.---_--
; VALIDATION STICKER 1. REMOVE STICKER
)
VALIDATION FROM THIS
LABF 1. 1 ' I
; ' , ,
2 APPLY TO APPROPRIATE AAFA ON STIJDFN: ID CARD AS SHOWN BELOW 3 KI.FP STlCKrR B!L3W tMBOSSE3 ANEA ON CARD, APPLY IN BOXES PR SAME APPROXIMATE AREA 4. START VALIDATION ON FACE OF CAR3 CONTlhUE FURTH! ,i VALIDATIOYS ON F) REVERSE OF CARD AS MAY BE REOUIRED
sticker
and the accom-
- _-_
arena.
photo by grant macfarl
two C-level finalists. No major upsets were reco in B-league action, although N Nibblers beat Helen’s Pop{ (46-29) and Pheasants lost to E Aces (39-30). Of the four tc from League B-2 which ent playoff action, three have real the semi-finals (V2 EE, E4 P North Nibblers), indicating this Division was easily strongest in B-League. The game to watch for next day is V2 EE versus East 4 , are capable of reversing that s this time. The winner of this E should capture the champions Kincare and North Nibt: should also prove to be an inte ing game with Kincare employ zone defence and North u primarily man-to-man coverage. care has better reboun power, and this could prove t the difference in what should close contest. In A league, Slackers are ir semi-finals with Phantoms ; two upset wins, defeating Hooping Cough(50-46) and Griffs(5 l-37). In the regular sea Griffs beat Slackers (46-39) bul time Slackers proved to be strong on the boards, while Griffs press was largely ineffec Phantoms are favoured ( Slackers, but may run into trc on the boards. Slackers are car of pulling off another upset w The other semi-final has CC OTHG playing Summer Rats, and company should win, but face a tougher challenge than i cent games. If CC and OTH( up, they could be surprized. The C-league final pits S; Valley Riders against St. Jerc C team. The semi-final action not too exciting as St. Jeromes WC default over a strong Han and Coop team, and V2 West lo Sauce Valley Raiders after fii~ tending a Grey Cup party on I day. In the regular season, Sauce ley defeated St. Jeromes by a c margin (38-33) but did not look pressive in their win over V2 W The championship is real toss-up between the two te; and could be decided by a play< either team who gets hot for final. The A and B level champion games will be held Monday, De and the C Championship on day, Nov. 30. The action is exe and the calibre of basketball 1 so come out to the PAC and port your favourite team.
av, november
,eague champions
decided
1976
he women’s Arts volleyball ns have won the league C diviL championship. They played ir final game last Tuesday nst the Village l-North team. 5 win gave the team a no-loss )rd . he match was very good and sistent volleyball, with all the rers exhibiting average poise skill. Both teams did a lot of ;1 spiking. efensively, both teams covered courts well, even though there e only five players on the Vill-North team: Jean McEven, Harison, Jane Mierto, Chris lak, Marg Hanna and four ers on the Arts team: Helen -uk, George Nelson, Cilestine h and L. Luomala. he first game resulted in a 15-10 e for the Arts team, who kept ed because of their consistently I serving. The second game of natch presented a final score of for Arts, and de.clared them league champions . league A, V2, SC were champ, and V2, EB & C took the ue B crown. The volleyball 1s were divided into leagues not esentative of skill but for the ~lification of scheduling .
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The University of Waterloo demonstrate a consistency which is Warriors Volleyball team (men) hard to beat. completed the 1st half of its league Waterloo and Western are now competition last weekend. tied for second place behind The six West Division teams met McMaster. Two -tournaments at Western in the second straight Winter term (Guelph, Jan. 17 and Waterloo,Jan. 24) will decide which weekend tournament. Waterloo and McMaster went into the day team goes on to theSectianalFinals. tied for the lead with 8-2 win-loss For the Warriors, several players records. The Warriors were hamwere outstanding. Duncan Colpered by the loss of Tom Jarv 6’4” quhoun and Dave Montieth led the spiker who suffered a badly sprained attack with superb spiking and ankle in practice last week. The blocking. Bob McRuer, Jim team, which relies heavily on preciRoberts and Juris Steprans carried sion and speed, went on to win 7 of the team with consistent all-around 10 games. playing. - McMaster however lost only one On Tuesday evening, December game on the day. They utilize a 2nd the team is privileged to combasic 4spiker, 2 setter attack in pete in a scrimmage against the which they have 2 or 3 big, powerCanadian Junior National Team at ful spikers. There is nothing fancy/ _ Waterloo at 9:00 p.m. Visitors and about their style of play, but they fans are welcome to attend.
; NAME
Kalbfleisch looked good beatike Marnegie of Laurier 22 to has been wrestling for 3 years ever like he did this night. He Iuick, smooth and demond incredable balance. If Al mes wrestling with the same
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niversity of Waterloo wrestlers :d the WilfridLaurier University r November 24 (originally duled for the 20th). re overall quality of the meet low. Many of our boys have L missing practice because of of the term school pressures t showed: technique was poor conditioning almost nonant. ime of our top wrestlers were notably Tim competing, zle, due to defaults by Wilf?id ier. bny Beiler of Waterloo dragged elf to a 17 to 3 victory over Ian erspoon. He looked like the t conditioned man on the Warsquad and it seemed he was : to be pinned whenIan caught n a firemans carry in the first d. Tony’s vastly superior but jy technique brought us our victory. 142 pounds Joe Buke defeated Lymburner of Laurier 6 to 3. ooked tough and well conned but inexperienced. He :ially has to learn to stay behis opponent when in control :fighting in the down position. m Hodgson , of Waterloo ed a lot of potential in winning 50.pound fight over Dave #on. It was a tough 2 to 0 win )ne of the most interesting hes of the night. : lost our ~dy two fights in the and 167 pound weight Dries where we had inexperid wrestlers pitted against er’s most experienced men. icrappy Guy Milton was pinly Charlie DingaI. er Muirhead looked tough but and lacking in knowledge. He is fight to Dave Swezger, 11 to .e wrestled a second time and d Jonnis Judis in the first
. continued
19
the chevron
28, 1975
t : : : I
of
20
friday,
e
the chevron
FOR THE . FINEST IN . MOVIE ENTERTAINMENT
is no flit that’s crammed with subjects of treatise. popular fascination-especially It’s a chilling tale about the grisly murder-mysteries and the CIA. fate of a loner who tangles with the Why this present fixation upon Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). the CIA and “exposes” of the Robert Redford plays a CIA? m detective-comic enthusiast who Well, forone, the CIA itself is a works for the American Literary mystery-like the Mafia. Historical Society. And there is widespread disgust Redford, alias Condor, is also’ a with the CIA’s dirty tricks and CIA operative, as are his colpolitical interference, some of leagues at the historical society. which have recently been revealed Condor’s job is to read publicly. --everything. Read, then feed what \ Through such publicity, we see he finds into the CIA computer the tip of the CIA iceberg. We’re bank. naturally eager. to get a glimpse Innocent enough work. And inbelow the waterline. nocently enough, Condor stumbles And what does Condor tell us about upon a plot to takeover a Middle the real CIA? -East oil producing country. That is ‘Well, it’s a vast, intricate, news, very interesting news, to the technically-sophisticated organizaCIA. tion. Moreover, asserts Condor, Condor’s fate-and the fate of the CIA is an autonomous entity his colleagues -is sealed. They ’ unto itself. Indeed, so independent meet theirs in quick burst from a 1 is it of political control that it is , muffled machine gun/ By chance, riven by plots spawned by its own Condor escapes. personnel, who manoeuvre to _ The subsequent three days in carry out one grandiose scheme Condor’s life are not pleasant ones. after another. the best efforts of professional sleuths With both the CIA and .hired killers ’ In Condor Redford chances upon and hired guns, at the same on his trail, Condor sets out to disone such plan, the pet of a CIA time managing to dig to the foundacover why his name has been in- - director. In the internecine battle tion underlying the slaughter of his scribed on the hit list. that follows, death is dispensed like section. With that, Three Days of the beer at the City Hotel. But his is a postponed death Condor launches the viewer into a For three days Condor thwarts only. The CIA cannot allow that rare, precious bird to escape its net. Like his namesake in the animal kingdom, Condor will be exterminated . By citing whose well-being does the CIA and its commanders justify such actions? Let one CIA aristocrat speak for himself and his peers: “Today it’s oil. In ten years it’ll be food, plutonium. And they (the people of the U.S.) won’t askus for it. They’ll just want us to get it.” In light of the sordid legacy of CIA action against the American 1 people themselves, such a justification can only smack of “blame the NOW A M~TI& PICTURE!!!. I victim” rationalization. I I In the guise of an expose of the CIA, then, Condor: presents us with a wild fabrication about the nature of the CIA. Three
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The CIA in fact is not an tonomous organization. It is arm of a single class in the I And that ain’t the class that ‘ mands” oil, esp’ecially not at $ barrel. It’s the class that makes profits on oil. , And contrary to Condor, the ( can and will be defeated. Its der will not be the result of individ outwitting and penetrating 1 complex structure, but by pet throughout the world surround isolating and neutralizing it. T the people will turn all that exl sive equipment and human tale1 their own use. And who knows but that cone might not thrive again, leaving endangered-species list . The other strong attractior Condor is its mystery aspect. it’s a mystery of a peculia modern kind. Redford (Faye Dunaway, most heroines, is merely a beau
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the chevron
28, 1975
21
out of the depths The team tournaments held last weekend were marked by numerous upsets as the UW “A” team crushed the powerful Hamilton “A” team, which included three experts in its roster, by a score of 5 l/2-1/2. The UW No. 1 “B” team defeated the formidable London “B” team 2 1/2-l l/2 while the UW No. 2 “B” team held the strong Hamilton “B” team to a 2-2 draw. The excellent victory by Harry Kaminker of the UW “A” team over M. Collins must have been sweet revenge for last year’s defeat at the hands of Collins who is one of the top 50 Canadian chess players.
Benko Counter Gambit
Black: H. Kaminker White: M. Collins N-KB3 1 P-Q4 P-QB4 2 P-QB4 P-QN4!? 3 P-Q5 is the characteristic move of the Benko Black’s 3 . . .P-QN4!? Counter Gambit. Black stakes a Pawn for rapid Queen-side mobilization and to undermine the White Pawn centre. 4 PXP P-QR3 BXP 5 PXP P-Q3 6 N-QB3 BXB 7 P-K4 P-N3 8 KXB B-N2 9 K-N2 o-o 10 K-N2 11 P-B4!? . .. White’s last move is perhaps too ambitious. QN-Q2 11 . . . N-N3 12 Q-K2 N-R5! 13 N-B3 14 NXN? ... This leads to the almost forced loss of a Pawn. RXN 14 . . . Q-RI ! 15 N-Q2 Black threatens both NXKP! and RXP. White’s position is very shaky and is in imminent danger of collapsing. RXRP 16 P-N3?! NXKP! 17 B-N2 ... 18 QXN If 18 NXN then RXB! is strong while 18 BXB is answered by 18 . . .RXN! BXB 18 . . . QXR 19 RXR .. . 20 Q-B2 White probably had a better move in 20 QXKP. After the actual move Black has a clearly advantageous endgame in prospect. 20 . . . R-RI B-Q5 21 K-B3 Q-R3 22 R-QBl Q-N2 23 Q-K4 R-R8 24 R-B2 25 P-R4 Q-Q2 R-N8ch 26 K-N2 , 27 K-R2 Q-N5 28 Q-B3 QXQ R-Q8 29 NXQ ... 30 R-Q2?! As more pieces are exchanged off Black’s extra Pawn gains in importance. 30 N-Q2 holds out longer. RXR 30 . . . P-KB4 31 NXR B-B3 32 N-B3 At this point Black only had about 30 seconds for his next eight moves so White still had a real chance of winning on time. K-82 33 K-N2 P-K3 34 K-B2 Black now obtains the major advantage of a passed Pawn. KXP 35 PXP K-Q4 36 K-K2 K-B3 37 K-Q3 P-Q4ch 38 K-B4 K-N4 39 K-Q3 P-B5 40 K-B2 BXN 41 N-K5 PXP 42 PXPch 43 PXB K-B4 44 P-K6 K-Q3 45 K-B3 P-B5! Blackfindstheeasiest waytoforce thewin. AfterWhite makes the capture his pawns fall like ripe apples. KXP 46 PXP K-B4’ 47 KXP 48 Resigns White resigns as he will be helpless to prevent Black from Queening one of his remaining Pawns. Kaminker’s accurate play was rewarded with a well deserved victory. Note: In last weeks game 24th move was misprinted. 24 K-N2 B-B5
between Mudroch and Douthwaite the It should have been: ’ -robert inkol
Free zit Last Free After waiting several weeks to give an in-depth review of Free at Last, it became apparent that this was going to be impossible. This
album has-no depth. At best it can only be evaluated as mediocre. Free has never produced a type of music in which one can feel to-
tally immersed. However, they have recorded a number of singles that have produced a certain excitement and titilation. (Their music can be translated as “cocky rock”, less blatent but coming from the same source
diluted
as the Stones’
un-
cock rock.)
condor continued
from
he is in constant
personal
danger. With immense ingenuity he pursues every minor clue to its source, bit by bit piecing together an answer, successfully defying an organization that is awesomely complex. For all his persistence, however, he finds only disappointment. He
runs head on into an organization so powerful that it cannot be beaten. And he learns that the roots he was probing are so thoroughly rotten, so vile and corrupt that they should not be brought into the light of day. Here Condor is a worthy successor to Chinatown. The moral of the story is simple: investigate your world on pain of death or disillusionment. Recall Sherlock Holmes, the sleuth who always managed to cut the Gordian knot. Why are modern-day whodunits so unlike those of yesteryear? What we have in each case is the fundamentally-different world views of the capitalist class. In the 19th century, dynamic and optimistic, the bourgeois hero solves his problems. But our 20th century detective, reflecting the bourgeoisie in its moribund, parasitic and decaying stage of monopoly capitalism, fails miserably in his assignments. -kathy behalf
that tightness
So they have not progressed
pg. 20
adjunct) undertakes the solution of a puzzle. But he undertakes it in a situation where he can trust no one, and in which
Free still possesses
in form characteristic. of so many English rock bands of the early seventies. However, their tightness has a stranglehold on their spontaneity and emotion in music. There is little flow between their lyrics and instruments; each supports the other in a contrived artificial way. As a result they are often caught in obvious apposition. A prime example of this is found on “Catch a Train’. This song starts out with as explosive squeeling guitar, bursting down on you, but then this drive is broken to allow in the lyrics. A good ploy to on “Catch a Train”. This song Starts out with an explosive squeelThe balloon gets blown up but never bursts, merely deflates.
bergen and larry hannant on of the Progressive Cultural Club
in a
straightforward sense. Unfortunately Free has not developed too much in a lateral sense either. There are a few new arrangements that they have experimented with; however,
they do not venture
dumps continued
from
pg. 19
style he is a definite threat to win the OUAA championship. Bob Emptage was a real disappointment. He defeated Tom LitWeller 6 to 2 in the 191 pound class but didn’t wrestle well. Bob gained an early 2 to 0 lead and spent most of the rest of the fight relying on his muscle to control Tom. Near the end of the fight the official
very far from their well beaten track for fear of losing their “sound” and stifling control. There is one song ironically that fares well under such adverse conditions., That song is “Child”. With a monotonous deathly drum beat a bemoaning voice sings this haunting warning. The voice and instruments are very effective in this song and is generally the mood is total even though the lyrics never rise out of the misty gloom created by this composition. Irony also strikes a clangy note in “Guardian of the Universe”. The title of the song suggests a certain ethereal magnificence and spaciousness. Exactly the opposite is created; one of muddiness and claustrophobia. Perhaps this group should consider changing its name, or at least think up some more appropriate album titles. How can they maintain credible euphony when they record under self-restriction and stuffy restraint and call it Free at Last? -4.f. tonde penalized Bob for stalling, tieing the fight. With this incentive Bob gained 4 quick points and showed some of his potential. In a 126 pound exhibition fight Don Mar-in of Waterloo looked good pinning his opponent. Totalling the reverse bad points, an obscure scoring system devised
by Tibetan
monks,
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G
22
friday,
the chevron
november
28, 1975
Women’s Studies Course in Human Relations Personal Dimensions of Inequality HR 282 (02) -
Mon.
7:00 - IO:00
-
Place to be
announced. This course will examine the basis of the unequal status occupied by women in society. The course will focus on the economic basis of oppression, the experience of women in therapy and the conditions of women as workers, welfare recipients etc. This course will be taught by Marsha Forest and Marlene Webber will act as special guest lecturer. All interested students (male and female) welcome.
The UW Dance Company ure in Renaissance style”.
and Music
Four jointly
present
“Threads
a meas-
photo by peter shaw
The last time I saw Watson & Reynolds at the CC Pub I felt kinda sorry for them. Here were these two women, obviously very talented musicians and songwriters, being ignored by a drunken crowd who could only yell “We want boogey” etc. Needless to say, it’s a bit hard to boogey when your mainstay instruments are flute, piano, cello and acoustic guitars. As I said, I was feeling kind of sorry for them, but I felt sorrier for the crowd. Well these two women just kept right on playing to the point where their tenacity in the face of such ignorance really won me over to their side, not that it took much doing. But they really clinched it for me when unheard by the crowd they dedicated a song to their wonderful audience. At that point, they swung into a very meaningful1 version of MacClean & MacClean’s “Fuck Ya”. It was very moving to say the least. Let’s hope that this time ‘round people will take the time to listen to the good music that these women put out. -hal
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mitchell
-
friday,
november
28, 1975
MJe>iner’s audacity
"
the chevron
,
How could Arther Weiner have the audacity to ask for Dr. Marsha Forest’s termination of contract at U. of W.? I was a student of Weiner’s and I am presently one of Forest’s; there is no comparison! Mafsha, one of my most stimulating professors, has made me think about my life with optimism and excitement. I must say Weiner had a totally opposite effect. I sat in his Human Relations 120 class for two sessions, and was so bored out of my mind, I dropped the subject immediately after the second class. If anyone should go, I feel it should be our Prof. Weiner-in my opinion a hypocritical, wormy sort whose teaching leaves much to be desired. One other interesting fact-Prof. Weiner is presently teaching seven students in his Hr 100 class this term, Prof. Forest has 55 students enrolled in her HR 100 class. This indicates to me which prof is the.better and the more preferred by the students .’ C. Huxtable
Shock outrage
and ’
We, the students of HR 100, wish-to express our shock and outrage at the suggestion for the termination of Dr. Marsha Forest’s contract without the students’ input. Nancy Atkin Henry Lwalak Debbie Armstrotig Melodie Sonoda Mary Hunt Kew Boggs Linda Salach Alexis Petroff ., Boyd Allan Brenda Dion Robert Connolly Gyamti Marg. Sou-thick Doug Weldel I N. Weir Mladenka Raos Roma Dobrowolsky L. Yjtu
. Betty Jewel1 Debbie Polgrain Kim Cook Dawn Hannah Lorraine Graham David Mackey John Stafford Thorn Morressey M, Louise Finet Vic Wiebe Bob Ledgerwood G. Mensah S. Conley J. Poole M. Cole Rich Maertens Peter Gale Jenn George
Great things Great things are happening in our course, Women and Social Work, offered at Renison College and we as concerned students want to inform and share this experience with _other students. Many have become self-motivated to taie an interest and become actively involved in current issues covering diverse topics. To witness a class of predominantly women disxss the economy, education, immigration policies, women and their role in society and many other crucial issues of today, is indeed encouraging. We are also fortunate to share the k&w!edge and enthusiasm of Marlene Webber, 3ur course instructor & Marsha Forest lecturer. The integration of the course material and their capacity to present information, to create an awareness, and stimulate-interest snd discussion, produces a course that should be worthy of acknowledgement and )raise by any standards. Why have we found this to be such a uni;lue phenomenon? Should not the teaching If students to investigate and analyse be a ‘undamental factor inxthe learning process, :specially at the university level?
Recently it has been evident that a program has been initiated to weed out promoters of progressive education. Marlene & Mars ha are the latest victims of such a bureaucratic assault. In spite of the fact that our evaluations demonstrate overwhelming evidence that we, the students, want them to continue teaching, their contracts have not been renewed. Why? __ Perhaps the time is more than right to question the traditional educational system and its intent. It is essential that we decide upon the stand we, as students, will take on such decisions that directly affect us all-the quality of our education and our justifiable rigl-it to have a democratic voice in what we learn and from whom we learn it. Why do Marlene & Marsha pose such a threat? Many doubts and disillusions concerning our educational system and the structure which it serves should arise for everyone, fi-om-the action taken to prevent good teachers from teat hing. ’
Clare
Women
Kisko, Sylvia Collins and Louise Fowler and Social Work 369R
Waxing poetic on fascism Generalissimo Franc0 is dead! And is the end of France, the end of Fascism in Spain? But why should he choose to die this time? Why should he choose his successor? These are the questions for all Spaniards to answer. For three weeks, the world watched - silently the exit of a man who had made curious niches in his tory. Franc0 is gone but remember, M_any Spaniards are languishing in his limbo. Franc0 stood for good and evil in Spain.
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France, Truman, De Gaulle and Others, Brought Sanity to the world, During the Hitler’s assault from 1939-45. France, the arch dictator is gone, . Gone to the Great Beyond To meet Benito Mussolini The author of Faeism in 1922. __ The Monarchy could.not compete with France, And to-day Franc0 is no more; But Spain lives and Monarchy is back Franc0 is dead-a fact that does not make anyone sad. Most Spaniards, even the grasses in Spain, Expected his death; A grave was dug and made ready for Franc0 ,His grave awaited him for more than two weeks Yet Franc0 could not come. Doctors helped to prolong his life with artificial means, To the dismay of Spaniards.
Franc0 has left Spain for Spaniards. It is now their turn to make Spain better. The world wants a democratic Spain. With the death of France, the era of Fascism is over. This is what I think. But the death of Fraico, Is a challenge to his successor--the Dear France, rest in peace. Goodbye Fascism. And long live Spain. Patrick
Falling in lbve - . with the’ chevron WiZZ you miss it? ’ We hope not, because the chevron will not be automatically sending copies of the paper to coop students. This is due to the high cost of mailing ‘and labour (it cost $9,000 to send out chevrons last year). However, if -you cannot sleep at night without your weekly rag, send your name and address by inter-office mail or come in per- son to the chevron office. Names must be submitted by December 19.
--‘\
r
\ ~~l,( \-=-f%K*
r.
ch~evron debate Resolved : There is no scientific hereditary differences ence atid there never All research on this -’ should be suppressed.
basis for in intelligwill be. question
Affirmative:
,
’ _
Professor Psychology
Doug Dept.
Wahlsten, -
Jan Dept.
Narveson,
Negative:
The death of Franc0 pose8 that big eternal question; what is really life? “0 ! Death, wher’e is thy sting? 0 ! Grave where is thy victory?”
Prince.
J. Obilo
23
Professor Philosophy
Time: Dee lst, 1975 8 ph. Place: Engineering Lecture Hall ‘211
,.
7--
24
friday,
the chevron
external limit, which is the limit of the market. If the market demand becomes saturated for a given mix‘of consumer goods, the wider reprodyetion of capital tends to grind to a halt and the rate of profit to fall. Ifinnovation were to remain concentrated mainly on capital goods, the outlets for consumer goods production could be made to grow only by lowering prices. But falling prices would slow down the cycle of capital reproduction and rob monopolies of new and profitable opportunities for capital investment. The main problem for monopolies in a virtually saturated market is therefore no longer to expand their production capacities and to increase productivity;. their main problem is to prevent the saturation of the market and to engineer an on-going or, if possible, an expanding’demand for the very type of commodities which they can manufacture at maximum profit. There is only one way to reach this result: constant innovation in the field of consumer goods, whereby commodities for which the market is near the saturation point are constantly made obsolete and replaced by new, different, more sophisticated products serving the same use. The main function of research is therefore to accelerate the obsolescence and replacement of commodities, i.e., of consumer as well as capital goods, so as to accelerate the cycle of reproduction of capital and to create profitable investment opportunities for a growing mass of profits. In one word: the kzain purpose of research and innovation is to create new opportunities for profitable 4 capital investment. As a consequence, monopolist growth and the growth of the GNP no longer aim at or result in improved living conditions for the masses. In North America and tendentially in Western Europe, growth no longer rests on increasing physical quantities of available goods, but, to an ever larger extent, on substitution of simpler goods by more elaborate and costly goods whose use value is no greater-it may well be smaller. This type of growth is obviously incapable of eliminating poverty and of securing the 0
nical intelligence and the capitalist ‘.diviskonof labor a l The following at-tic/e on the division of labour as related to technica/ intelligence in a capitalist society was written for the periodical Telos by And& Corz, who writes for the French newsmagazine Le Nouvel Observa teur.
Up to recent years, it was traditionally assumed’ by most ‘Marxists that the development of productive forces was something intrinsic /and intrinsically positive. Most Marxists held the view that capitalism, as it matured, was producing a material base which could be taken over by a socialist society and upon which socialism could be built. It was widely held that the higher the development of productive forces, the easier the building of socialism would be. Such productive forces as technology, science, human skills and knowledge, and abundant dead labor were considered assets that would greatly facilitate the transition to socialism. These views were based somewhat mechanically upon the Marxian thesis regarding the deepening contradiction between productive forces on the one hand, and social relations of production on the other hand. Most orthodox communist parties clung to the view that capitalist relations of production were stifling the development of productive forces and that socialism, by tearing down the soTcalled superstructure of the, capitalist state and of capitalist social relations, could set free at one blow a tremendous potential for socio-economic development and growth. This view still pervades the political attitude of the Western European communist parties. They usually consider all available productive capacity, all available manual, technical, professional and intellectual skills as forces that will be valuable and useful during the transition period: socialism, so the story goes, will be capable of putting them to good social uses and of-rewarding their labor, whereas capitalism either misuses them or puts them to no use at all. I shall try to illustrate that these simplistic views no longer hold true. We can no longer assume that it is the productive forces whit h shape the relations of production. Nor can ,9 we any longer assume that the autonomy of productive forces is sufficient for them to enter spontaneously into contradi@ion with the capitalist relations of production. On the contrary, developments during the last two decades rather lead to the conclusion that the productive forces are shaped by the capitalist relations of production and that the-imprint of the latter upon the first is so deep that any attempt to change the relations of production will be doomed unless a radical change is made in the very nature of the productive forces, and not only in the way in which and in the purpose for which they are used. , This aspect is by no means irrelevant to the topic of “technical intelligence” dealt with here. It is, on the contrary, a central aspect. In my view, we shall not succeed in locating technical and scientific labor within the class structure of advanced capitalist society unless we start by analyzing what functions technical and scientific labor perform in the process of capital accumulation and in the process of reproducing capitalist social relations. The questions as to whether technicians, engineers, research workers and the like belong to the middle class or to the working class must be made to depend upon the following questions: * Is their function required by the process of material production as such, or by capital’s concern for ruling and for controlling the productive process and the work process from above? ’ Is their function required by the concern for the greatest possible efficiency in production technology? or does the concern for ‘efficient production technology come second only to the concern for “social technology”, i.e., for keeping the labor force disciplined, hierarchicaily regimented and divided?
Is the present definition’of technical skill and knowledge primarily required by the technical division of labor and thereby based upon scientific and ideologically neutral data? or is the definition of technical skill and knowledgebrimarily social and ideological, as an outgrowth of the social division of labor?
The Purpose of Technological Innovation Let US try to examine these questions. And to begin with, let us focus attention on the %pposedly most creative and most sought after area of employment by asking ourselves: what is the economic purpose of the quickening pace of technological innovation which, in turn, calls for an increasing proportion of technical and scientific labor in the fields of research and development? We may consider that up to the early 193Os, the main purpose of technological innovation was to reduce production costs. Innovation aimed at saving labor, at substituting dead labor for living labor, at producing the same volume of goods with a decreasing quantity of social labor. This priority of labor-saving innovation was an intrinsic and classical consequence of competitive capitalism. As a result, most innovation was concentrated in the capital goods sector. But this type of innovation, while keeping a decisive importance, has been overshadowed from the early fifties onwards by innovation in the consumer goods sector. The reason for this shift is quite clear: sooner or later, increasing productivity will meet an
‘november
28, 197
satisfaction of ‘social and cultural needs; rather produces new types of poverty due environmentaland urban degradation and increasingly acute shortages in the fields health, hygiene and sanitation, to overcrowd ing, etc. *
i tc tc o
The Merits of “Team Work”
The point I am driving at is that the type o productive forms which we have at hand and more specifically the type of technica and scientific knowledge, competence, ant personnel, is to a large extent functiona only to the particular orientation am priorities of monopolist growth. To a large extent, this type of technica and scientific personnel would be of little us in a society bent on meeting the more basic social and cultural needs of the masses They would be of little use because thei type of knowledge is hardly relevant to wha would be needed to improve the quality o life and to help the masses to take their de stiny in their own hands. E.g, technical and scientific workers though they may know a lot about the tech nicalities of their specialized fields, knov very little nowadays about the ways to make the work process more pleasant and self fulfdling for the workers; they know ver; little about what is called “ergonomy’‘-the science of saving effort and avoidin] fatigue-and they are not prepared to hell workers into self-organizing the work pro cess-and into adjusting production technol ogy to their physical and psychic needs (Moreover, they are not generally capable o conveying their specialized knowledge tc workers holding less or *different training an of sharing it with them.) In other words, technical and scientific knowledge is not only to a large extent dis connected from the needs and the life of the masses; it is also culturally and semanticall! disconnected from general comprehensive culture and common language. Each field of technology and science is ; typical sub-culture, narrowly specialized il its relevance, generally esoteric in its lan guage and thereby divorced from any corn prehensive cultural concept. It is,quite strik
Freeze drying by microwave For countless centuries people have been preserving and storing food, and one of the processes they have used is drying. The single, common characteristic of foods dried by most conventional means is that the flavour and texture are altered. Freeze drying, however, retains more of the original character of the food. Professors /. Ford and D. Pei are involved in related research at the UW chemical engineering department.
Many coffee drinkers agree freeze dried powder makes a better cup of “instant” than the powder produced by other drying methods. Freeze dried foods are also popular with campers and hikers because they’re light, tasty and nutritious. The “instant” cup of soup contains a number of freeze-dried constituents. And there are also many applications ,of freeze drying technology in the chemical, biological and medical fields. Freeze drying is a growing technology. . . but just what is it? It is a process of heating frozen material under vacuum conditions so that the water inside changes from solid crystals (ice) to vapor without first going through the lrquid stage. You “sublime” it, the scientists say. “It’s the same as subliming a piece of dry ice,” says James Ford, associate professor of chemical engineering at the University of Waterloo. “When dry ice sublimes it doesn’t leave a puddle of liquid; it just disappears into the vapor state.” He and a colleague, David Pei, professor of chemical engineering, ai% currently involved in research in the freeze drying of food, using microwave technology. “Virtually any kind of heat could be used in freeze drying, of Dr. Ford says. “The thing about microwaves is that course,” you create a high frequency electro-magnetic field in the vicinity I of the material you want to freeze dry. This field oscillates at thousands of cycles per second, whereas the frequency of oscillation in the normal household circuit, for example, is just 60 cycles per second. “Now what happens is this: When you place a sample containing water in this field the water molecules try to follow the oscillations. They try to follow the field back and forth at thousands of cycles per second. This creates friction and thus heat, just as your finger gets hot if’you rub it quickly back and forth on a table top. Since most foods have a good deal of water in them, they heat up.” “This has advantages ,” says Dr. Pei, “because when you heat with microwaves you cut out the middle man. That is, you heat the food itself, more or less from within. Inconventional cooking you have a heat source which first heats up the air around the food-say, in an oven- and the heat then passes from the air to the food itself. Because microwave heating cuts out this middle man, we feel there may eventually be applications where it will be found to be more efficient than conventional methods. It must be stressed though that to date the cost of a microwave installation is much greater than a conventional system.” Drs. Ford and Pei have been freeze drying half-inch cubes of
beef using microwaves. That is, they heat the cubes under conditions of vacuum so that the water sublimes, leaving behind dried beef. Because heat is generated throughout the cube of beef,. they feel the drying time can be cut to one-third the time used under conventional heating methods. In the conventional process, they note, an insulation problem arises as you freeze dry farther and farther in to the centre of the cube; the outer dried portion insulates the centre, which stays frozen. The insulation reduces the flow of heat in, heat which is necessary for the sublimation. A major problem in developing these studies, Dr. Ford notes, has been related to microwave technology. “There is a huge gap today between the people who develop the technology-the electrical ‘engineers and electronics manufacturers-and the people who can use it-the chemical engineers and food processors,” Dr. Ford says. He feels that up to now the electrical people have tended to concentrate on applying microwave technology to communica_ tions problems possibly because this was where the big money was. There -were also many military applications, but no pressure to foster domestic and industrial development. “Perhaps now that the war in Vietnam is over, North American manufacturers will become more interested in other areas\” says Dr. Ford. In the domestic appliance field (the home microwave oven) the approach of the manufacturers has left much to be desired, they feel. “Most people who have purchased microwave ovens for their homes are using them,just to re-heat meals, or for snacks,” says Dr. Ford. “What’s more, there is no training program available so that they can learn to use them more effectively. I think the microwave oven people ought to set up special cooking schools for purchasers, just as sewing machine manufacturers have been doing for years.” Both debunk the radiation hazard scare that has kept many people from considering the purchase of these ovens. Microwave radiation, Dr. Ford says, is non-ionizing . . .it doesn’t change the molecular structure of matter exposed to it as nuclear radiation does. “Also, it’s like the sun in that you can feel the heat when you are exposed to it (because your body is mostly composed of .water) ,” he says, “and you can move away. F,urthermore, when you do move away from microwave radiation the effectiveness drops off geometrically.” They are planning to continue their studies to find out more about changes that occur during the freeze drying process. They are also interested in other microwave applications . . .including the drying of corn, and medical applications. In the drying of corn, it should be possible for farmers to cut energy costs, when compared with the use of propane heaters. Dr. Pei is currently investigating the feasibility of such a process under a Waterloo Research Institute contract with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food.
friday,
november
28, 1975
the chevron
ing that though a large majority of intellectual workers are engaged in technical and scientific work, we do not have one scientific and technical culture, but a great number of fragmentary sub-cultures, each of which is bent on devising technical and scientific solutions to technical problems, and none of which is qualified to put its speciahzed concern into a broader perspective and to consider its general human, social, and civilizational consequences. Hence this paradox that the main intellectual activity of advanced industrial societies should remain sterile as regards the development of comprehensive popular culture. The professionals of science and technology, and more specifically of research and development, must be seen as a kind of new mandarins whose professional pride and involvement have demonstrated that productivity can be greatly enhanced by enlarging the jobs and replacing repetitive assembly line work by team work, i.e., by giving teams responsibility for a complex product and allowing each team to organize production as it deems most convenient. In this system, the repetitiveness and separation of tasks are abolished and workers are incited to achieve and to display a spectrum of skills, and to take over the coordination, planning, timing, and even the testing of their production. Of course, the coordination of the different work teams and technicians or engineers
nology of course must be radically reshaped so as to allow for the maximum display of the producers’ capabilities and creativity. That such a reshaping of production technology should be possible without increasing the social costs of production to the whole economy is a demonstrable fact; experiments in the U.S. even demonstrate the superior micro-economic efficiency of the type of work organization that abolishes hierarchical authority and control and appeals to team spirit and creativity. The question to which we have to revert then is: why is such a type of technology not generally available? Why has capitalism consistently promoted * a technology that rests on the minute and stupefying fragmentation of tas ks : a technology that requires the hierarchic structure of the work force and the hierarchic separation of manual and technical and intellectual labor? Why does “rationalization” and “moderniza tion’ ’ keep replacing skilled work and work teams with unskilled repetitive work that leaves most workers’ capabilities unemployed, that denies them the possibility of thinking and developing into complete human beings? Why does the capitalist system instead transfer most of the intellectual, creative and skilled dimensions of production work onto a pyramidally structured personnel of supervisors, technicians and engineers who receive an essentially abstract training and
management can rely upon the workers’ willingness. Hierarchical regimentation thus appears to be a necessity that flows from production technology; but in truth it is built into production technology insofar as the latter is itself a reflection of the social division of labor. Whether we like it or not, we must see technicians in the manufacturing industries as key instruments of the hierarchical regimentation required by the capitalist division of labor. Their role is to oversee the domination of mechanical processes over living labor; their role is to make sure thereby that the maximum labor and surplus value is extracted from each worker. The role is to dequalify workers by monopolizing the technical and intellectual skills required by the work process. They embody the dichotomy between manual and intellectual work, thought and execution. They hold significant financial, social and cultural privileges. They are the workers’ most immediate enemy: they represent the skill, knowledge, and virtual power of which workers have been robbed. In a machine tool shop, every one technician that is hired will turn five, ten, or twenty
undergoes a fundamental change: it ceases to be hierarchical and authoritarian. It cannot remain such. The system, in order to work, must rest on the workers’ consent, initiative and sense of responsibility; relations of cooperation and mutual trust between work teams and technicians or engineers become indispensable: the latter can no longer give orders and demand obedience; they must seek the workers’ consent and therefore have to explain and discuss each of their concerns. Moreover, they must be at the workers’ disposal, ready to help them solve problems they meet and to achieve improvements, modifications and innovations of the workprocess, the tools and the products. In this type of organization, as enacted in China and envisioned in Europe (mainly in Italy) by political and labor activists, sharp differences between workers on the one hand and technicians and engineers on the 3ther hand tend to disappear. Production work and the acquisition of new skills and tnowledge proceed together; working and earning or studying cease to be separated. From his early adolescence onward, everyone is at the same time both a producer and a student. No one is meant to remain 3locked in unskilled, stupid and “inferior” obs: an “evolutive profile” (or “career”) is Gketched out in each industry whereby each Norker’s work is to be progressively eniched, the reduction of working time being iesigned to allow free time for studying. The work process and production tech-
are instrumental in making and keeping the workers stupid? There is one main, fundamental reason: the hierarchical division of labor destroys the power of the workers over the work process and maximizes the bosses’ (or their representatives’) power of control over the work force. The minute division of labor renders the process of production totally extraneous to the workers ; it robs them of the possibility of determining how much work they want to do, it prevents them from tampering with work speeds. It makes them work to the limits of their physical and nervous capabilities -a thing no one would do unless personally committed to the purpose of his work, and even then not permanently. In a word, the capitalist division of labor is functional to a system that rests on forced Zabor and that therefore can rely only on regimentation and hierarchical control, not on -the workers’ consent and cooperation. To sum it all up, we have the following vicious circle: Since the purpose of production is not the satisfaction of the producers’ needs, but the extortion of surplus labor, capitalist production cannot rely upon the workers’ willingness to work; The less capitalist management wishes to rely upon the willingness of the workers, the more extraneous, regimented and idiotic work has to become; The more extraneous, regimented and idiotic work becomes, the less capitalist
hitherto skilled workers into unskilled underdogs, thereby enabling the boss to pay them unskilled wage rates. I shall conclude this chapter by reporting a recent conversation with a young technician in a machine tool factory. He had been to a technical school and was very proud of his knowledge. He earned twice as much as the workers he was supervising. When asked what he knew which the workers did not, he replied: “I have studied calculus, mechanics, and am a good draftsmen.” I asked him: “Do you ever use calculus in your work?” “ No,” he said, “but I am glad I have learned it. It’s a good training for the mind.” I then asked him: ‘ ‘What skills, besides calculus, do you have which workers have not?” “ I have a more comprehensive insight,” he said, “into what it’s all about.” “Could workers acquire such an insight,” I asked, “without having been to a technical school?” He replied: “They might get it through experience, but it would take them time. ” “How long ?” I asked. “Oh, at least five to six years,” he said. This technician had been to a technical school for three years. You will have noticed that, in his view, his hierarchical and social privileges and superiority rested mainly on his knowledge of calculus. But he had never used calculus in his work. Calculus was the cultural status symbol that made him socially different from the
The technicians role
.
25
workers. Because it was the one thing he knew which the others could not learn from experience, calculus gave him a sense of authority and-of superiority over them. We have here a crystal clear illustration of the way in which the school system is instrumental in building social hierarchization. Indeed, in our example, the technician’s superiority did not stem from superior useful knowledge. He had been trained in calculus not to become more efficient than a worker, but to become superior to a worker. And the workers had not learned calculus not because they were too stupid to learn it, but because they were meant to remain culturally and therefore hierarchically inferior, whatever their skill. From a political view point, we must therefore consider that there is an unbridgeable objective class distinction between technical supervisory staff and production workers. This class barrier can be overcome only by a powerful ideological thrust enhancing class consciousness. Mainly in situations of acute crisis and upheaval, technical supervisory personnel can be brought to side with the working class and to feel one with it. This possibility rests on the fact that technical and engineering personnel, though they hierarchically oppress the workers, are themselves frustrated, estranged and oppressed from above. Vis-a-vis their superiors, they are in the same situation as are their inferiors vis-a-vis themselves. When, during radical outbreaks in factories, the workers attack the capitalist division of labor and demand or even practice self-rule and equal pay for all, the sheer ideological appeal of their demand can win over technical and scientific personnel. I saw this happen in May 1968 in the Thomson-Houston plant near Paris, where research engineers came out in favor of equal pay for all. It must be added, of course, that some of them were highly politicized. We cannot expect, however, that such a demand should spring up in normal times. All we can do in times of uneasy and restless “peace” is to impress upon technical personnel that they have more to win than to lose by the abolition of hierarchical regimentation and privilege. To prepare the ground for this abolition, both culturally and materially, technicians must be stimulated to question their role on the following basis: They must endeavor to distinguish between their particular technical or scientific skills on the one hand, and their role in the hierarchical division of labor, on the other hand; They must endeavor to “socialize” their particular skills, that is, to look for the ways and means whereby their superior knowledge could be made accessible to all, could cease to be a privilege, could cease to be professionally exercised by a few to the detriment of all, which entails the reshaping of the language of science and technology, a new definition of skills, of the learning process, and of the work process; They must refuse the social privileges and the hierarchical position of power attached to professionalism in the capitalist division of labor. In short, the sharpest possible line must be drawn between specialization and privilege. Whereas specialization cannot be abolished in the foreseeable future, privilege can. There is no intrinsic necessity to attach privileges of status, power and money to certain skills. The basis for such privileges cannot be considered to be the scarcity of the more intellectual skills or of the capability to acquire them. It is questionable whether this scarcity has ever existed and it certainly has virtually ceased to exist: on the contrary, there is an actual or potential over-abundance of intellectual skill. Scarcities that can still be observed cannot be ascribed to scarce talent or lack of capability to learn, but are a result of the class character of educational institutions: as we have seen in the example of the young technician, so proud of his mathematical skill, education aims at imbuing a minority with a feeling of elitism and is instrumental thereby in reproducing the hierarchic stratification of labor required by capitalist social relations. This result is reached through teaching methods that make the acquisition of ab, stracted intellectual skills difficult for children of less educated parents and by identifying good school grades with a right to privilege and to social promotion. The schooling system is a key instrument of social hierarchization: it registers a differentiation of skills and learning capabilities because it produces it. continued
next week
26
the chevron
’ friday,
.
WOMEN,lhl PRlSdNS
Brief seeks chinges ,-for femlalehmate,s __
3
future
are useless unless the inmate partici-
The fo//owing hart feature dealing with the ) pateson a volunteerbasis. condition of women in Canadian penitenThe EFS brief, has 51 recommendations: Garjes was adopted from Transition, -a f& too many to cover in depth in this article. However, many of the more pertinent’ones magazine written and edited by inmates and deserve publicity. ex-inmates of federal penitentiaries. It was . ~ written by Pat Ryan. For instance, pregnancy is a fact of life and
The women’s liberation movement has approximately 160 enthusiastic rooters down in that historical old city of Kinyton. I These are the inmates of Canada’s women’s penitentiary: a sad doomed anarchronistic old pile of rock that should be considered one of the nation’s national disgraces. The-Canadian Penitentiary Services keeps throwing out rumours every once ,in awhile that the old pile of stones built in the mid’nineteenth centwill be ‘relegated to the trash-pile of history-but when the CPS has only 160 human souls to consider out of a penitentiary population of 9,500 it’s not hard to understand why the girls are among the forgo$ten children in society’s human garbage dumps. Very little information seeps out to the general public regarding the women’s pen. Transition has no contacts inside the institution and depends on the Elizabeth Fry Society as its source of news. Occasionally one meets .a girl who’s served time there ahd even allowing for the normal slanted criticisms all of us are guilty of it must be a pretty grim joint. . The ex-inmates one does meet appear braised. mentally, physically and definitely, morally. Regardless of how they try to present a brash toughness there’s an aura of fear that walks with them like a shadow, like they’ve taken a psychological bwting. This isn’t to say they’ve been physically mauled by the staff, although that isn’t impossible, but anyone who’s been in similar circumstancis tag these women knows $hat a whole series of huge and little dailf flicks fi=om the lashes of restrictioqs, antagonisms, fiustratioq all the agonizing things the human being isn’t borntint this world to suffer, can end up psychologically scarred tiEever. ThaPs ,the impression one is left with after meeting one of Kingston’g graduates.
taken to remedy these conditions. Although about one-third of all admissions to the women’s pen are drug addicts it ap, pears there is no program or specific treatment for these unfQrtunates. The brief recommends this should be investigated. Is it recognized that the present building is - ancient, depressing and is more of i museum thana home for humans? However, researi=h by criminologists has turned up the ridicutous fact that when such monstrosities are replaced with modern cheerful facilities judges assume that they are doing the convicted a big fav-our by permitting them to enjoy such an e’nvironment &ith the result prison ,populatipns double. The brief recognizes that the__ present women’s pen isn’t fit for human habitation but instead of. recommending its replacement, puts its emphasis on more uses of suspended sentences, etc., by the courts. ’
a percentage of girls sentenced to prison arrive in that delicate condition. It’&he opinion of the people who set out
Visiting
regulations
The location of the women’s pen creates a traumatic problem for many of the inmates. The population is shunted there from all over the &on. A‘ large -percentage come fi-om
EFS brief The Elizabeth Fry Society-the handeden of the John Howard Society-b the rules governing incarceration that a recently presented an extensive brief to the woman in prison is like an animal and not fit 3 National Advisory Comrpittee on the fema;le , mentally or moi=ally to be a mother. Just like offender. an animal, when she has a child it’s snatched ~ Et’s a gQod brief, the result of a lot of .away from her and disappears into the research into problems pertaining to female labyrinth machinery of the welfare machine offenders, and if even ,half of it is itiregardless of the emotional trauma this plemented will result in a lot of necessary creates in- the mother. ’ and valuable changes. The bri’ef feels very strongly about this Three aims outlined in the briefi (l.nvicted persons should be able to speak for and recommends that aseparate nursing unit be set up for mother and child so that she themselves; (2) have adequate free legal aid; (3) and enjoy a whole range of our civil may keep her child. rights, are goals that should be enjoyed by all Whatever plans pertaining to. the mother convi@ed persons,’ not just f-ales. and her baby she should at least have a say It also states that incarceration, except for ’ and not be relegated tothe position of a cow social defence, should be eliminated and that in the barn and considered as a bovine. I, more use of.shs$ended sentences, ptobation - bsychiatric treatment and use of attendance centers should be. Another concern of EFS for the women in utilized. Kingston is the lack of psychiatric treatAnother indignity all convicted people ment. suffer from that raises the hackles of thi= EFS One ex-inmate reported that there’s one is the loss of citizenship. rights, not -only psychiatrist for the 160 girls. Every 15 days while imprisoned but after their release. she has to review all prescriptions, interview The brief flits ound a fact that any soeach person with an emotional problem, caLled rehabilitate 2 ex-con knows: all the rehabilitation programs, the sermons, the$ make out the usual number of bureaucratic triplicate forms and try to give therapy. 1 mouthings of social wvrkers, the stri.vings of The result is that it usually ta&s about do-gooders never rehabilitated an tidividual three weeks for someone needing the in history. All they can contribUte is aid to doctor’s gttention to get it. Sometimes it’s the individual who has decided within too late and the sick person has gotie around himself-herself that their trip is a bummer the bend or commit&d suicide. and that <life holds more joys than being It would appear, also, that there are’no sloughed up behind prison walls has to offer. 1 separate facilities for the mentally ill and And with a recognition at last of this truth they are kept with the rest of the populatioh. the brief points out thatmost of the thera@eutic programs in existence or planned for the The brief recommends that drastic steps be
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Vancouver. The rare one rrom the Maritimes. And occasionally the prairies contributes one or more of their wild roses or tiger lilies. Regardless of where the girls call home they do have some place that is just that. And they have families. Most of them have husbands ok boy-friends just like any other girls in society. -’ The dude may not be the most acceptable l individual to square society. He may be a lean, strung-out, half-assed pimp. Or he might be wanted every place but home: But he% hers. And at the time of her incarceration they had their dreams, their schemes, their ratty little li+es. But it was all the love they knevir or needed. And for tb majority of the girls; the mere fact that they were arrested and convicted, many of them drug addicts, is indicative that their families aren’t listed in Who’s Who. The economic factors connotated means that many of these girls get sent up and are abruptly, for economic reasons, cut off from all physical contact with their families, lovers and friends. Anyone who’s ever experienced being in a position where one clings to the outside world thro_ugh the futile media of correspondence knows that usually the, letters grow fewer and fewer and fqally just stop.%Vhat_- a sad, gz;;ey sick day that i$L Regardless of how people like the mem-bers of the Elizabeth Fry Society and all the other kind of people who try to fill that vacuum left, they just can’t fill up the emptiness.
28, 197.
That’s when resentment, bitterness, all the negative things creep in to create that cancel that eats away at the soul. The EFS brief is cognizant of this prob, lem. Among its recommendations that visit! be .permitted from anyone, that the visitin rooms be furnished to provide comfort ant privacy and that visitors from distant place! be provided with lengthy periods of visitinl time and even overnight accomodations, the most important recommendation is, tha those from far places be given transportation costs and the expenses of their visits be paic -for by the government. r Naturally, we all recognize that such : recomniendation is an exercise in futility, i search for the fulfilhnent of a utopian dream Yet, it is the answer to the cause of mati: humyan beings who fimds themselves slidinl down the shute into moral extinction. Prisons arti uisualized as the incubator o homosexuality. This is not true. Thousand’ of ex-conscan verify that they have gone through prison experiences and have neve been subjected to homosexuality. But it’s a fact of life in women’s pens al over the world that the guardian staff of sucl institutions have depended upon the mas culine muscle and the twisted mentality o the ‘but& lesbian to keep the other broad in line. Irene Blenkiron, formerly a psychi+i~ nurse and at present a classification officer a the B.C. penitentiary, relates in the JunC 1974 issue of Discussion, the publication o the Canadian Penitentiary Service, her ex perience when she escorted two women from Okalla, B.C., to the Kingston women’ pen, how terrified the two young girls sb escorted were when she delivered them ant they saw this masculine muscled ‘hutch waiting inside the gate to welcome Jhem tc their new home. The girls instinctively knew, knowledg reinforced by old-timers at Okalla, tha homosexuality was a recognized part of thei initiation to Kingston. It’s just another face of the bruta#izing rehabilitation program fo women inmates. Recommendations for two unique inndva tions are interesting to speculate on bu doomed to obscurity. They are for the installation of a letter-bo: for daily pickup where inmates can just dro: their letters in just like outside folks. Such a~ innovation is a threat to the old tradition2 kite-line .and would take a lot of fun out o romancing. The other innovation suggested is for th ‘installation of a pay phone booth. Anybod gotta slug? 1 / ’
Confinement
P
november
coriditions
A very intense recommendation deal with the subject of confinement conditions i: the pen. It seems that the ladies, regardles of women’s lib, share one thiw in comma: with male penitentiary inmates. They, tot have what is euphemistically referi-ed to a segregation-‘the hole’. However, it appears that in the women’ pen this private domain is not used only fo punishment cells as intended but is also use to hide away psychiatric patients, protectiv custody, anyone feeling the necessity t, withdraw 6-om the obnoxious existence c the daily prison grind. Naturally, the members of El&beth Fr abhor such conditions and vehemently r< commend that the sick be coqfined -in th hospital quarters and others not under sex tence to the hole for institutional violation at least be included in th& human race. IThey also recommend that prisoners b permitted to enter their cells after wor hours if they feel so inclined. The only a$ sumptiori one can arrive at fi-om this is th; the inmates, regardless that privacy is one c life:s greatest gifts, are forced to socializ regardless of how -they may be screamin iriside from the frustrations, the turmoil, th sorroWs everlone experiences. The following quote fi-om the brief tells whole story in a few words : “That a room be available-for voluntafy segregation-a quiet room-or preferably access’by inmates to their own rootis after working hours to provide for some privacy. “That the use of voluntary segregation or private quarters be in no way penalized or seen as inappropriate or anti-social.” The June issue of Discussion, the CP publication, has a story about the introduc tion of ari annex at the pen. This annex in @e house once used by th warden was the result of overcrowding in th main prison. - continued on page i
/ friday,
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november
the chevron
28, 1975
27
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forebodingly w’arned-. F&t “ Wahlsten And that thesis, the thesis of ‘historical Psychology” (WP) felt thesword of the earth -materialism, -certainly is -a “collections of people’s army; but now, the bastion of earloose and unspecified claims&out the main thling disruptance, Martian Aphrodisiac det;enninatlts cf h$tay.” @here’s no lack of VaporS, are under direct attack. specificity in whit h words -they use, of I Not realizing the significance of the AMA ‘course: -i. is only their meaning which has blitzkrieg of WP,,we Martians were content, given rise to so me-y thous+ds of words of I’m sorry that I simply ha&not had time for the time-being, not to confront the &h critical work by scholars of bothMarxistan# to wri@ lengthy replies to the-several letters people’s army. What we did not foresee was non-Marxist persuasion.) written in comment on my earlier l&tterS i.& of, WP and a subseMr. von Be&d d&s not explah very , the rapid destruction last week’s issue. . quent march against Martians. We (Martian clearly just whsit the “test of practice” conHope’ully, my replies to Wahlsten on Alliance .of Geographkrs & Planners) tried sists in. Ho_wever,-he seems, at the end of his Monday will clarify my views on at least contacting Doug to offer our help (in a spatial letter, to succwb to the tempation to redethose parts of his letter concerning the race context of course), but the A&IA intercepted fme his OF position so as to iii&de the and IQ issue, and I expect they’ll say someall interplanetary and intraplane@ry mes‘opposing one: the sort of “social practike” thing about his other criticisms as well. I can sages. Again, I cannot overemphasize the whichtestshypo&esesandatherfactualclaims here reply only very briefly to Mr. Kang and seriousness of_\@& .&uation. Another great isfhesesaidtobescientific~~nt,~n~ Mr. von Bezold. man, Richard M. Nixon, was also not conground that ( this involves “peoMr. Kang’s main point sepns to be that it tacted in time! plq wofking together”. is illegitimate $0 claim .ihat a word in fairly The eti people cannot be allowed to Of course, what most of us though such ordinary usage, in this-case ‘science’ is amdevelop B unified force. we (?) must cgnviews meant was something about social biguous. If he really thinks this, I recom@ue to divert and expend-their energies into practice generally-outside the lsiboratories mend to him that he haye,a friend keep track 1bottomless ideologies and meaningless etc. And I, for one, would want to maintain of any lo-minute &retch of his own speech rhetoric. We (MAGP) ,solemnIy swear,- to that the only way you can get these things and just see. give our lives if necessary, to resurrect the interestingly togetheris by assuming that it is As to ‘materialism’, it is extremely easy to . in the interests of people to be in poss&sion fallen banner X ‘ ‘Wahlsten Psychology”\.~ be misled by its iibiguities, and it seems not’ (Restoring it tci its righti position of “esof the truth rather than the reverse-not that unreasonabl,e to point out that they are there. teemed” reyerance .) . the test ofwhether a j#ven proposition is true Wahlsten’s lettei certainly looked as though Confusion and n&comprehension must is whether it is in people’s interests (otherit was trading on such ambiguities, arid when be restored to the ranks of the earth people’s wise specsed), or some such thing. a letter appesrrs in a public paper, impres-my. At this very moment MAPA (Martian I’m sorry to have very little time to write sions, whether intended or not, are imporAvocado Pickers Association) workers are these words, and apologize in advance for tant. But I accept Mr. Kang’s point that loading over-fipe- avocados into Dutch Boy any roughne,ss in exposition-due to haste. some Marxist -theoreticians (t@ugh not, I shopping carts, preparing for the inevitable Jan Narveson believe, Marx) expanded the notion of disruption of the Monday debate. (ntelligphilosophy dialectical materialism to cover such subence reConnaissance.regretably itiormed us jects as the. philosophy of science. --. that WP isn’t worth a.Marxist hill of beans.) However, by far the most well-known Our AVOCADO battle cry will strike fear and, in my judgment, by far the more ininto the bravest AMA heart.‘.Onc’e @ain, the teresting use is the narrow one given in the banner of misconception will proudly fly preface to Marx’s A Contribution to the’ over an “Aphrodisiacal Society.” Critique of Political Economy. It -is that . Dan Mildos character&ion which Engels employs, for Vic~~haricetpOr, MAGP example, in his “Speech at the Graveside of Marx” and in “Socialism: Utopian and SciIndeed, the tide is turning, as John Wilentific”. litis and the AMA (Anti-Martian Alliance)..
&nbiguity \ and meaning
Beans and ’ avocados .-
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i
brief
Forest
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continued from page 26 ’ At the time the article was writt& it was the first intr.ducGon for women to what one could call a half-way house. But the i&idiDUS revelation that seeps out from between the lines as ofie reads the article is that because of the extreme observance of their prisoner’s code volunteer help groups ‘have no succys with the girls. Inmates getting day passes to work down town, or those favoured with other rehabilitative r&.xations of the punitive system nonchalantly accepted in the male penitentiaries, seem to suffer the terrifying pain Of ostracism. If’s tragic that humans,. through fear, must deny themselves- means to beat the system and sacrifice their hopes fdr rehabilitative aids because of an an&chronistic penal ‘code that was good in the jayi of the ‘silent-system’ but is no longer -I applicable. -
Employment
of ex-inmates
Another recommendation made has merit. INS one suggests that ex-inmates be empDyed o&he staff or be permitted to work Jvith confined inmates on dvolunteer basis. The province’ of Saskatchewan has-been =xpe*enting in-this arena with good sucxss. There are exiinmates bn the staff of the provincial jail at Regina Correctional Center. .One would exEct all kinds of problems to result from such a unique departure from the status quo but actually it works very well. However, the ex-con turned screw must 3e an exceptionplly unique person. ke m’ust 1ave.a -r&putation as a solid dude when he was doing time. A fink con -would only be uitither fti screw. , One of his great difficult& is tp ret&n the )ld fiendships and yet- keep remote fi-omsetting involved from the many propositions :ossed his way. And just as Alcoholics Qnofiymous owes its success to the fact that 10 one can talk to a lush like another lush, :he same is true for the empathy between :ons and ex-cons. The new system being introduced of prorincial governments accepting prisoners
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sentenced to the penitentiary should be ideal for the recommendation of the brief deploring the separation g$ographically of women prisoners fi-oni the environs of their home. There are many other common sense re- \ commendations included in the b&f. The important concl&ion one arrives at whenstudying the brief is that women federal prisoners, because they. are really, a minoriiy group, have problems male prisoners don’t / have. Regardles&f how male chauvinistic one may be towards women’s 11% the general p-hilosophy of the movement definitely should apply to this , forgotten segment z _, of our society. It.doesn’t take the mentality of any genius to recogdze that women have -beed exploited throughout history a&d still are. Even in the wasteland us people who have been outlaws inhabit, women don’t escape exploitation. (This doesn’tlrefer to the chick stupid enough to hand over her bread to a pimp. If she chooses-to be a,silly fool she’s not being exploited, she’s insane.) The greatest offenders of female exploitation in the ghettoes of the hustlers’ .world are the police. -Penitentiaries ai-e full of dudw-ho were_ forced to cop because if they didn’t the fuzz would send their old lady up for some trumped up charge. That’s a@y one example. But the Canadian Penitentiary Service branch should not take advantage of the female prisoners simply because they are such a minor fragment of the prison population. They are just as human as ady of the other 9,500 inmates. They f;eel, they hurt, they observe and they think. And just like everybody else, someday they come out. When they come out they are naturally assimilated.back inv this vague thing called society. Their experiences wl$le confined can play a big role on the kind bfpersdn edging into the outside world. One little human slipping into the chaotic iirmoil of society may seem unimportant. But just like a pebble tossed into a pond that little human creates its own individual ripples.“ Lets hope that the lordly bureaucrats who will receive and ponder this brief &ill in a moment of wisdom act on’ it. \ / _c
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.contract
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’ ‘We, as students of m: Marsha Forest, had been patiently Waiting to offer stident input on the renewal of her contract.‘ We have been recently informed that a recommendatic&or non-renewal of Dr. Forest’s contract has been made to the Dew of Arts, ‘Dean Minas . Since the dept. of Human Retions obviously has no regard for student’s views on ’ the -quality of their education, we wish to express our shock and outrage at’this undemoc&ic procedure. We have all studied under her as students and are presently working with her as undergraduate teaching assistants, Dr. Forest’s t&.&ing has led us to a greater awareness of the forces operating in society and our role in refati& tp them. We feel that-this experience should be opkn to all students. The interest in the content of courses coupled with the 3ffectiveness of teaching are clearly demons&a&d in the iarge number df students-which are registered in her classes.
The 1975-76 undergraduate University of Waterloo calendar make,s the following \ statement atiut the H&an Relations dep’&=tmerit, ‘The dep&r@nent and program are interdisciplinary in staff and scope; the a interdisciplinary effoq is centered about the concepts of development and change, individual change in dyadic and group situa. tioris, change and organizational processes in groups and social change.” With this statement abotit the Human Relations department in mind, we feel that an impor@nt aspect of the Human RFlations department would be lost should Dr. Forest’s contract not be renewed. In closing, we feel that this s&retive method of contract review is totally inadequate and does not allow for the expression of stud&t’s views at all! We strongly urge that the retiommendation for the nonrenewal of Dr. Forest’s contract b reviewed with input Tom all- people who- are ,directly involved with Dr. Forest in the academic community. This includes students! Decisioris which will affect the (iuality of education of students should not be ma& behind closed doors by persons who h&v&no direct contact with the students in the department \ or the professor in question. MarkWills + . , Donna Wills John Staff&@ Paw GMbert Christopher Jones denn George Rich Maertens -L=mw-d =-----
Contra;ct review
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‘- T-hi? is a copy of a letter sent by m&t of the studehts of Wuman Relations 252- course, to acting chairman-of the department, Dr. Arthur Weiner. _
We’understand that Dr. Marsha Forest’s contract is subject to reviiw at this time. As students of .Dr. Forest we feel we are in ’ perhaps the best possible position to jtidge her capabilities $nd performance as a teacher. The-course contepresented by Dr. Forest was challenging and was met with enthusiastic response among the members of the class, We found her approach to, teaching,- including personal inv&ement which was generated; both stimulating and reties hing. We would look forward to the opportunity of pursuing further studies with Dr. Forest “)ci to that’ end we heartily recommend that she and the University of Water190 enjoy the renewal of her teaching contract. Pe#a laytor Edward Haugew Robert Taylor I R&a Daley Mark Gamble, , Larry’ Banf ield Rudy Peters 1 Rbbett Stirling F. Chan ’ . COI-in Powell Salah Bachiii ’ Tim Obiekewe Nancy_Giovinazzo ’ C. Udeki . Donna Weber . Malcom Barbara Sneyd %laky Browne Students of HR 252 -
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Mgmber: Canadian univer&y press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of studentsincorporated, university of Waterloo. Content’is the sole responSibility of the chevron-editorial St@. Off ices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, or university local 2331. \ . c , ’ j It snowed thisw+, so 1 guess that means that winter is here for real. somehow i have’never got@fmused to the Idea of winter 88.a natural phenomenon; it always strikes me aS a-sort of purgatory through which i must atone for my sins,of the summer. delighting in the ke and cold is just-another one of those He quirks by which you can distinguish canadians from normal people. o forlhose tropical years when ice was something you found only in your gin and tonic and then only if the fm was working. cbvrics of the week; judy jansen, libby warFen; bob inkol, davjd anjo, denis andre (and family), john staff&d, goug wahlstefi, larry hannant, kathy bergen, Chris jones, georgeeibler, graham gee, georgs (omaga,ste~e mcmullan,grant macfarlane, dionyx mcmichael, doug wad, mlchael go&~, d’epps (i think), diane ritza; syJvia hauck, henry hess, neil docherty and john morris. hh .
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28
friday,
the chevron
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28, 197
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