1973-74_v14,n33_Chevron by Editor Imprint

-late \

new bulletin-

Stud&its ready to / strike the’ afternoon Yesterday students of McMaster univers-ity voted to go out on a general strike if the administration does not respond favourably to their latest demands. The two thousand students present at the meeting voted first to d-emand an open emergency senate meeting to discuss the question of student parity, campus security, and the ‘ original issue of the french department. ,Secondly, the students held a secret ballot vote and decided in favour of calling a general strike 24 hours, the adif, within ministration has not responded positively to their requests. These two motions were presented to the president of McMaster university, ’ A.N. Bourne, at 9 this morning, .and students are still awaiting his reaction.

destroying University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario volume 14, number 33 -. _ friday, niarch 22, 1974

Students

quorum

or as in the last

in other faculties

have

’

rrested

university president, A. N. Bourne. Students studying french at They remained there until 6 am. MeMaster university in Hamilton have been struggling with the Tuesday when the police action was taken. This move has administration of that institution for the last two weeks in an atmobilised nearly the entire campus. On Tuesday afternoon the tempt to win greater control over office was occupied and the affairs of their department. On registrar’s later on the student body held a Tuesday of this week the conflict to discuss the grew very suddenly from a general meeting issues. All students at the meeting department affair to a major (more than half of the student student issue-seven students body) voted in solidarity with the were arrested by Hamilton police striking students. The faculty- and called in by the university ad’ ’ the university janitorial and food ministration. services staff have also voiced On March 11, students occupied their supp.ort for the students. the office of dean of Humanities The protests are the culmination Alwyn Berland after several days of student discontent with the of demonstrations, pickets and french department over the past class boycotts. The french students ten years. During this time, are asking for parity on faculty allege, the administration committees which decide their hasstudents been. able to stall on comand hiring ,course content plaints with promises of actionprodedures. They are also. never materialized. The protesting - the poor quality of which students say that such action must french education at the university immediately or the and the present practice of !‘me momentum of the protest, as in the granting tenure only to english past, will dissipate over the speaking professors to teach them summer recess *and with fallthe influx of new students in the french. They want better texts, . and french spoken during all The issues that the students are classes. struggling for had been raised at faculty After getting no results from . several of the Humanities their actions, students -moved on . council meetings-on which students have only two votes-but March. 13 into the office of the

allow the protestors to explain their case. A publicity campaign is being waged in the highschools hoping that students --there wili realize the inadequacies of the french courses. Also, this will put e pressure on the administration. by threatening to cut the enrolment for next September. . Lastfriday the students received a report outlining an administration offer to rehire two of the three Francophone professors on one-year contracts and . restructure the faculty committees with nine students and sixteen faculty. Students have ’ rejected the offer as an insult which they- refuse to consider. Meanwhile, the administration has escalated the battle on all sides by calling in the off-campus police force and arresting seven students. The students have been charged with petty trespassing and there has already been some talk, by the administration, of dropping the charges. On Thursday afternoon the general student body of McMaster met and voted - on the question of a mass student strike. Feelings on the McMaster campus are largely in support of the move and students are showing no signs of weakening. - For more news of student discontent across Canada, turn to page seven. -Susan

johnson and nick savage

friday,

FRIDAY Baha’i fireside. 7 : 30pm HUM248 Everyone welcome. \ Gangbusters Federation f l,icks. Chapter 11; Blonde Venus-Marlene Dietrich, Cary Grant; Johnny Got His Gun.,8pm AL116.

.si

Waterloo Jewisk Students organizatioq Hillel. OHEG SHABBAT “music and foods of Israel” 8pm Hillel House, 170 Erb street west, suite P-10. Phone 744-5798 for more information.

Dance. Open to all volunteers, members and friends of Canadian Mental ’ Health Association. 8: 30pm Admission $1.25. Knights of Columbus Hall, Manitou Drive, Kitchener. Live music by Countdow‘ns. Buffet extra. Call 7457645 if you plan to attend. lxthus coffee house in its second season of free admission, coffee, speech and love. 9-12 ML cofiee shop:

SATURDAY Federati.n

. flicks

Gangbusters Chapter 11; Blonde’ Venus.--&larlene Dietrich, Cary Grant; Johnny Got His Gun. 8pm AL116. A l

Human, Kinetics and Leisure Studies first annual formal at. Jasons. Music by Chelsey Morning. Buffet dinner inEluded with ticket of $10 per couple. Pub featuring Salt Spring in campus - center pub area. Free 9pm. SUNDAY

Pub featuring Salt Spring in campus center pub area. Free. 9pm.-

Pet Show, Come out and show what

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’

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Stud&t-Railpass. Just about the cheapest way to see Europe outside of hitching. Unlimited second-class rail travel ’ in 13 countries. Two months only $165.

WEDNESDAY K-W Red Cross blood donor clinic. 2p4:30pm and 6-8:30pm. First United Church, King & William Streets, Waterloo. ’ Paralegal Assistance offers, free nonprofessional legal advice. Pho\ne 8850840 or drop in CC106 between 25pm. Math 340BStudyGroup No. 1 in M & C 5046/2:30 pm. A work session, bring your printouts. ’ Amateur members 2355.

Zone

_ -

Pub featuring David Bradstreet. 9 pm om cainpus center pub area. Free. Free Movi&-” Minnie and Moskowitz” Gena Rowiands, Seymour Cassel (1971). 9pm CCgreat hall.

I I

Prov.

THURSDAY

“CHEV-3”

L----------m-------d

Celebration of the Holy Eucharist 7:45am St. Bede’s Chapel, Renison Cal lege.

STUDENT-RAllPilSS

It shows

you Europe

as the Europeans

see it.

Canadian Studies 202 panel under attack re: Q-uality and Colour. 7pm AL 206.

’ /

Fares subject to change.

Eurailpass Also: student flights Europe, c&r rentals, tours, and hostels.

at Student to Europe international

and within ID cards,

Prices

Radio Club meeting. New always welcome. 4: 30pm E2-

Peking Opera “Taking Tiger, Mountain by Strategy” Film on contemporary China. 8pm Re&son College Room 43.

City

Duplicate bridge. No Iexperience can be necessary ; partnerships arranged. All bridge players welcome. 7pm-SSc lounge.

Math 340B Study group no. 1 ‘in M&C 5046. 2:30pm. A work session, bring your printouts. New members welcome.

CC113. .

Contract bridge. Partnerships can be arranged. Free coffee. 7 :3Qpm CC135.

i ,

6pm

-Pub featuring David Bradstreet 9pm in campus center pub area. FREE.

France, ‘German) I, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norwpy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, : Switzerland. ’ ’ _ Eurailuass. BOYIt 2168, Tokonto 1, Ontario 1 Pleasesend-me your free Student-Railpass folder. 0 1 Or your free Eurailpass;folder with railroad map. 0

Street

MONDAY Circle K Meeting. Everyone welcome.

Paralegal Assistance offers free nonprofessional legal advice. Phone 8850840 or drop in CC106 betwee_n_ 25pm. :

Federation Flicks. Gangbusters Chapter 11; +Blonde Venus-Marlene Dietrich, Cary Grant; Johnny Got His Gun. 8pm AL116.

TUESDAY

&.&$$p?~~??%??.~

’ I I

you have. All pets welcome. Sponsored by Better Environment Services thru Integrated Activities League. 7: 30pm CC, great hall.

Gay Liberation Movement has special events 8pm CC113. For’ more information call ext 2372 or drop into our office CC217C.

You buy your Student-Railpass h_ereyou can’t buy it in Europe. And the $165. price is tax free and a beautiful way to beat currency fluctuations . Who’s eligible? .,...,... :...v. Any full-time student I under 26years of age registered in a North \ American school, collegeor university-. ’ You spend two whole months :ally the whole of Europe And you travel in comfort. On trains so clean and so fast (up to 100 mph) you wouldn’t believe it. Of course, you can also take our bozy little tra ins that meander through,our remote countryside-that’s part of the privilege, too. It can mean the Summer tripof your life so don’t wait. See your friendly Travel Agent or clip the coupon and w&II send you all the facts. See\if you don’t agree. The day of the thumb may be over. ’ r --------------m-wr Eurailpass is vali d in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.~:.:.:.::::::::::::::.:.:.:~~:~..~...:~.,: . -, .I............................., ... :.:.s.~.....~.~..~...~s .... ... . .+*svY*. ............................. . ... ............... ........................ ..~...~............ . . . *<:*;.py,. . . ..... . :.:5. ......................... :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:, . . .,, ,. ...................................... ::.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.>: . . . ..... .... :.:.:.:.:.:.:.::.:.::.~:.:.:.:.:.:................:~~:.:.~ ....................... :.:.:.......... :.:<.:...:.:.:.:.:.:,y... .,. ............................ :.:.:.:..... ....... ......................... .... ..z,.%....... ... .v<....... ..s $\1 . .

1974

Chess Club meeting. 7:30pm CC135 Rated tournaments, instruction or just day. . One Man’s China by Felix Greene. 8pm Renison College Room 43. Film on contemporary China.

‘.

22,

Paralegal Assistance off& free nonprofessional legal advice. Phone 8850840 or drop in CC106 between ‘710pm.

. ’ t -THETHUMB IS THREATENED,

march

Paralegal A&itance offers free nonprofessional legal advice. Phone 8850840 or drop in CC106 between 7-10 pm. J . Life Drawing Class everyone welcome 25 cents. 7-9pm HUM386. Sponsored by Fine Arts Guild. A whole new outlook on you and the universe. Come and discover how you fit into God’s per’fect plan. Christian Science informal group testimony meetings 7: 30pm SSc301. Wine and Cheese party. All psychology students, graduates and faculty welcome. 8-12. PSY building, 3rd floor grad and faculty lounge. . ’ Federation‘ Flicks. Gang’busters Chapter 12; Keep ‘em Flying-Abbot and Costello; Steelyard Blues-Jane Fonda, Don Suther’land. 8pm AL116. Pub featuring David Bradstreet 9pm in campus center pub area. Free.

.-.

. . . _-

i friday,

march

the chevron

22, 1974

using: solution There is a very severe housing hand it has to steady growth rates, crisis in Canada: Qverusually by raising interest rates, development in urban areas and which makes it especially hard for,. not enough development in rural the average wage earner to be able areas is progressively victimizing to afford a mortgage or loan. On the working class; the main the other hand, however, the consumers of the housing-industry. government has to try to “alleviate” Last Wednesday Jennifer Penney housing problems and Graham Barker were on caused by the centralizing tencampus to speak about ideas dencies of the capitalistic economic system. When the government contained in their book, Highrise (through the/Bank of Canada) uses and Superprofits and on new ideas its power to steady development that they have fomulated since its by raising interest rates, the result 1973 publication. The main problem they set forth, is usually one which for each percentage point that interest is with the housing industry is that raised housing development goes there is an urban overdevelopment-rural undown seven percent. Conflicts can arise between the interests of derdevelopment syndrome which small land owners and tenants as goes in a circle getting well. If interest rates go up, so will progressively tighter on the living land prices which helps the owner standards of the working and middle class. Thus there is a who wants to sell his lot and realize a large profit. The tenant will situation, where raw materials suffer though because he has to and cheap labour are exploited_ from rural areas, while the profits pay more rent. Canada at present go to the city because the main has the second highest standards market for goods is in the urof ’ housing in the world banized areas. Since little money qualitatively and quantitatively. is reinvested in the rural areas, This position is rapidly falling there is a state of rural un- though because costs are being derdevelopment. The urban held down by building smaller centres become highly centralized units and spending less money on and ov%rdeveloped because so materials. much money is being invested in urban development. The-speakers talked about the In the housing industry this is role.- of community groups in alleviating the housing situation exemplified by a situation where problems. Community groups and we have a, rural area with generally low quality services individuals such as John Sewell, a alderperson, can such as sewage removal. While in Toronto sometimes stop individual the city excellent services are provided. Since the profits are in developments that- will harm the city, rural people are forced to housing both qualitatively and congregate in centres such as quantitatively, but as soon as one Montreal or Toronto. The resulting problem passes by, another will pop up. Community groups can’t situation is a city of expressways and highrises with constant shipstop the influx of people from ping and housing problems. To economically depressed regions, like the United States, to the urban further the underdevelopmentcentres. overdevelopment syndrome rural banks take the money farmers As a final answer to the present housing problems Penney and save by charging high interest, rates which farmers pay on Barker could only emphasize that mortgages and reinvest it in the this problemis inextricably tied in with the struggles of the working already overdeveloped urban areas. peoples of the world. -neil dunning It is interesting to note that most financial institutions are closely tied with urban development corporations ie. among those on the Royal Bank’s board of directors are companies such as MacMillan Bloedel Lumber, Genral Motors and Trizac, one of Canada’s top developers). The result of overdevelopment in urban areas can be seen in Toronto where the vacancy rate for housing is less than one percent and where the highest ratio of 1 commuters as a proportion of the population in the world is. Workers’ Control is an integral Penney, who did most of the part of socialist strategy. It seeks talking, also spoke on the role of the state in the housing problem. d to democratize the workplace and The government is in a coneliminate the authoritarian hierarchical nature of the workplace. tradictory position. On the one

Let -thixn eat - cake s

Authors of “Highrise and Superprofits”, jennifer Penney and Gaham Barker spoke on Waterloo campus last Wednesday during a federation sponsored campus forum. Their topic for the day-was the housing crisis in Canada-something with which they are fairly familiar. The photographer was Tully.

Such ideas are rapidly spreading in Saskatchewan the 1 NDP across North America. Trade government has passed legislation unions are demanding that in favour of any workers’ control management give workers more proposals. responsibility and a greater say in the functioning of the factory or Gerry Hunnius, author of two office! books, Workers’ Control and Participatory Democracy for Management, in response to this demand, is granting some conCanada< came to campus last cessions in the form of “worker Thursday to speak with the participation” ‘management-of-tomorrow’ about schemes. In the United States, Corning Glassware the position of workers’ control in workers see each product through Canada. I the entire production process. He emphatically made the point Employees ’ work in autonomous that there is a great difference teams, without supervisors or between workers’ control and forepeople, and elect a team worker participation schemes. He leader who represents them on a referred to such schemes as mere -workers’ council who meet with “gimmicks” of the plant owner to management to determine corn-- increase the plant’s productivity pany goals and to solvet internal but maintaining the control of the problems. However, these, general plant himself. General meetings meetings are often held after hours are usually a farce ’ and almost when workers are eager to leave, empty when held aqer hours. therefore decreasmg interest in Hunnius felt that a major victory participation. for the attainment of workers’ This scheme and numerous control is to have the general others have given management - meetings held within office hours. excellent results. Production has In order to properly liberate the increased ’ while absenteeism, -worker, power structures must be drunkeness and sabotage have totally restructured. decreased. Some management At times one of the principal circles resist the idea because they resisters to workers’ control is the fear that when workers experience worker himself who when conthe feeling of competence and fronted with the issue often feels responsibility they may want to incapable of running the plant. run the whole plant. Such qualms are usually squelched On the workers part, such once the worker is allowed to take schemes are limiting. The a bit of responsibility and initiative management still has effective in his work. control of the plant. They can Trade unions have also been usually override any workers resistant to ideas of workers’ proposals since they have access con_trol. They fear that they’ll have to the company’s books and can no function in workers’ control back their case with relevant schemes’ and will cease to exist. figures. The greatest threat One nation that has successfully experimented nationally with management holds over the worker is a plant shutdown or workers’ control is Yugoslavia. layoff. On these occasions access Since the late forties all factories and offices have implemented to the books would be invaluable for labours’ case. workers’ control schemes. Proponents of workers’ control In Canada the idea has -eluded proudly point to Yugoslavia as the minds of both management and labour. Only a few isolated justification for their demands. In recent years Yugoslavia has exexamples exist. Four years ago perienced., the second greatest uumop, manuracturer of- rubber products announced that they were GNP increase next to Japan. closing their Toronto plant. Labour According to Hunnius workers’ participation organizers suggested the idea of a control and worker “work-in”-of labour in which they schemes are gaining interest in the would *attempt to run the plant on United States and will soon spread their own. The Ontario governto Canada, regardless of the ‘atment refused to allow any. such titudes that presently abide in the thing. They decided in favour of hearts and minds of Canadian the “management’s perogative” management and labour. to close down the plant. However, -mike gordon “.

’

w. of w. xploits m artd q

The student villages’ maids, janitors and food servers will receive 10 to 15 percent increases if these are found acceptable by the board of governors, at its April 2 meeting. The wage recommendations were made by the board of governors ’ executive, last 2 Tuesday. Currently food servers and maids receive only $2.22 to $2.70 per hour for fulltime employment and $2.00 if they happen to be high school students. The salary adjustments, if rubberstamped by the board of governors, will take effect July 1. Along with the above salary . increases, the board will be asked to ratify increases for secretarial and clerical (8.5 percent), security (9 percent), services (10 percent), technical (9 percent), managerial and professional (8 percent) positions. The combined increases will, according to Bruce Gellatly, _ vice-president finance and operations, place the university “at the level of community averages for comparable jobs.” Gellatly’s optimistic remark was countered by university staff 1 ’ board member A.E. Lappip %who j felt the increases to be of a type similar to “catch-up-football”. In other words, the university is merely- catching up with comparable community wages rather than actually ’ offering better wages. It is a well known fact that the villages’ staff has been complaining about the very low wages for time immemorial, and only now has the university deigned to consider their requests. G_ellatly also- expressed his concern that the press would get the facts straight about the wages increases, so as to alleviate the “tremendous amounfof anxiety oncampus:’ among the university non-teaching and non-union staff. -john

morris

friday,

the chevron

- - -

- - a . . - . v -

INSTANT

- -

CREDIT

march

22,

1974

- - - - -

TO STUDENTS

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‘L -

ERRATUM& Federation Flicks for March 28-31 will Feature< Steelyard I Blues with Jane Fonda,, Don Sutherland-; >not Two People 3s advertised on the poster. This week -is Dalton’s Trumbo’s & Johnny Got His Gun.

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missionary. Until 1941 he remained in China as a missionary, and during part of the time acted as an advisor to Chiang Kai-Shek. He also had considerable contact with the Kuomingtang and became convinced that Chiang’s regime was “We have no stand,” said corrupt and totally unresponsive to Engsoc representative Max the Chinese people. He pointed out Mercer, explaining his society’s that the FBI had tracked down by position on the ice-arena at a 1946 the accounts of the top forty societies press conference held families of the Chiang Kai-Shek last Friday in the chevron offices. regime, and had discovered that It is Engsoc’s belief, Mercer said, these families had stored away that this is a question that must be $1,500 million in American banks. decided upon by individual Between 1944 and 1946 Endicott students, rather than the society did-research for the American OSS councils. (now CIA) and came into contact In discussing how appointments with a number of the people to the advisory “arena board” organizing the Communist party should be made, however, Mercer China. At this time he became a said that this would be handled by supporter of r the revolution, the society council rather than believing ‘it was necessary, and through general elections in the rooted in Chinese history. faculty. Cindy Harris of Mathsoc In 1946 he resigned as a indicated that her society would missionary and from the United probably handle it in the same Church because they had taken an fashion, though Scisoc’s Doug extremely hostile and doctrinaire McIntyre said that a general anti-Communist position. In election would be held in the August 1947 he returned to Canada faculty, with only paid-up society and announced that Chiang Kaimembers being eligible to vote. Shek <was on his way out and that Larry Schwartz of Kinsoc stated the Communists would ‘win the that his society had not yet revolution. Few people in Canada reached a decision on the. matter. believed him at the time-most Spokespersons for Arts,, Enpeople thought Chiang ‘Kai-Shek vironmental Studies and was winning the war, and he Recreation were not in attendence received a. hostile reception. at the conference. The Korean War was started by In a- wide-ranging discussion of the South Koreans, according to campus issues, the society Endicott. Several points were representatives outlined their quoted as proof for this. About a positions on the permanent pub at w.eek before the outbreak of the campus centre, course hostilities a telegram was sent to critiques, and the federation-‘+ the South Korean Government societies relationship . from the US Government stating On the pub the-- representatives that the South Korean Government generally agreed that students could count on America’s full should play the major role in support in the “great events that controlling its activities, regarwere about to happen”. A corn: dless of, whether the admunique sent out by the ministration would hold the actual Associated Press on the night that licence. Due to a lack of hard inthe hostilities broke out stated that formation on the pub, however, the fighting’s origin was obscure, detailed society positions on its but that at the outbreak of fighting ,operation have not yet been fora number of South Korean troops mula ted. found themselves twenty miles Information on course critiques north of the border. This story did was more specific, with all the not receive wide scale distribution. societies present except Kinsoc When the case was brought to having had experience in this field. the United Nations a decision was Engsoc has the most commade without the North Koreans prehensice program of critiques, present, which was against the in which the Engineering critiques’ charter of the United Nations. are conducted every term, by a The-reasons for the Korean War multiple choice * questionnaire were fairly obvious according to which includes space for student Endicott. Just- before the war comment. The results of the began, elections had been held in critiques are available in the South Korea and the government EngsF office, and in the past have had lost the elections, winning less affected the lengths of some than 20 per cent of the seats. One of professors’ terms at the univerL__ the major issues in the -election sity. was re-unifica tion of \Korea, and Science has an annual critique North Korean representatives had which is conducted by the faculty, just arrived in Seoul to discuss reand which consists of multiple unification when the hostilites choice questions only; with’ results broke out. being released only after final Several reporters stated during marks have been awarded. the Korean War that germ warfare Course critiques in math- are was being used in North Korea by conducted every term, but the the Americans. The American results are released only once a government took one of these year. This year, for the first time, people to court over the issue and Environmental studies will also be then decided to drop the issue running a critique. before it actually went to trial. There was general enthusiasm Speaking on the Sino-Soviet among the representatives for the dispute Endicott stated that it was future role of the societies within fan ideological dispute, not a the federation, though Harris territorial one, and that the voiced a- concern that comRussians did great harm to China munica tion should be improved: at the height of the dispute _by Mercer recalled that the pulling out of all projects they engineering sot iety had instigated were working on in China, even to the federation in the first place, the extent of taking blueprints with then counselled that “if we can’t them. get rid of the bastard, let’s make it On a final note, Endicott‘ stated work? that the cultural revolution was the Perhaps it was in reference to second revolution in China, and this remark that, remembering that China was now adopting a who he was talking to, he said, in a social system that had never simple, unaffected manner, “I before been tried. have to watch my mouth.”

socks

Theory \ _- runs aheadSpeaking to a crowd of fewer than twenty persons, -Calvin Normore, a philosophy professor from York University, gave a dissertation on a historical analysis of the conflict between Marxism and anarchism from an anarchists point of view. Specifically, Normore was interested in the role of social theory in revolutionary organisations, and how those organisations function. Normore defined two roles for the revolutionary organisation, in order that the organisation perpetuate itself. The dirst was the ability of the organisation to provide a platform for struggle, and secondly, to provide an organisation structure a suitable post revolutionary society. It is in relation to this first point that Normore stated _ that the left consistantly overrated social theory. Although social theory is imperative to a revolutionary organisation, and without revolutionary theory there can be no revolution, the theory” cannot run ahead of practice. This however, is the weakness of many left organisations, according to Normore. Marxism is particularly vulnerable to this weakness since Marx was a social scientist. In a Marxian organisation, the party must have a central ideology which must be adhered to and not allowed to be challenged by it’s members. ’ It is out of a rejection of this theory, however, that anarchism grows. Anarchists always play down the role -of theory, assuming that there- is an inherent natural force that will take the place of the unnatural _ social structure the state that presently exists. According to this definition, anarchism cannot be vulnerable to theory running ahead of practice, since the role of theory is played down. Normore then developed a theory about socialism, based on the fact that socialism can only be revolutionary during revolutionary periods and that during periods of non revolution, socialism becomes scientific socialism and becomes passive and ideological. Social theory can be revolutionary, but it can also be a tool to be used by either the workers or the bourgeois. This is partly due to the fact that the left ideology has structured itself as a ’ mirror image of the ruling class bourgeoisie, and does not reflect the social theory of its founders.

Normore then went on to talk briefly about the decline of the student movement of the sixties. He cited the Students for ,a Democratic Society as an example of a leftist organisation which failed because of the idelogy .outrunning practice. Normore also felt that the media played an important role in the decline, by taking the movement and treating it as a spectacle. Leftist organisations must be formed that don’ t distinguish between militant revolutionaries and workers, and that are able to be supportive, and to provide tools to the working class to combat bourgeois ideology. -randy

hannigan

The - .BOG report Graduate students are now permitted by COU to receive $5,560 per year (instead of $S$OO> from university sources if “they can find the money”, senate was told last Monday. COU (Council of Ontario Universities-an administration province wide lobbying body with the ’ government, somewhat similar to OFS, the Ontario Federation of Students), through its U. of W. ’ representative, Ted Brzustowski explained to- senate “that the limits of -earnings from combinations of research assistantships and bursaries can be raised,” but he added, “given the lack of forthcoming fundsfrom the government this reeommendation is meaningless”. Apart from the graduate students non-raise, little else happened at the senate meeting except for a peripheral argument about whether or not faculty members’ curricula vitae could be made public to senate. The above argument arose out of the proposed MA programme in

Recreation, when chemistry professor Pete McBryde noted the absence in the agenda of detailed information about the careers and competence of the . Recreation graduate professors. McBryde argued that the frame of reference of senate included close scrutiny of academic excellence, and with “the curricula vitae of the.faculty members in the department of Recreation” being “considered confidential documents” the main purpose was thus ‘defeated. It was pointed out to McBryde that the “confidential documents” could be looked at by senators “in the office of the secretariat”. McBryde countered by saying “what’s so confidential about the curricula vitae, and why should senators be forced to go all the way to.< the university secretariat to peruse documents which ought to be in the mailed out agenda.” It is obvious that McBryde overlooks the primary function of senate which is to prevent students from being able to judge the competence of their professors and hence education. A function which would be seriously impaired if documents such “confidential about the academic competence” of professors were made public so “anybody” could peruse them. Senators are allowed to because they are obliged to keep all confidential matters to themselves, or else face summary expulsion from senate. ‘-john

morris

China: another view The Sin&Soviet dispute, the Sino-Indian crisis, and the use of germ -warfare in the Korean War were among the topics d&ussed by James Endicott at Renison college on Monday. Endicott was born in China, and at age 11 moved to Canada. When he reached the age of twenty-seven he -returned to China as a

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ployment policies, development of welfare check or of children in Canada’s resources by Canadians, Guelph going to sdhool too hungry safe and adequate housing for all to feel like learning. (including a recommendation that When a member df tl;l& audience one million homes be built in the asked how more meaningful jobs next five years), prescription would be created under -full emdrugs and dental care under OHIP, ployment policies, the reply, came equal pay for equal work, exthat building one million new panded day-care facilities, equal hpmes could probably fill the gap. TORONTO. (CUP&Students of opportunity in education, equal Finally, the: OAP0 represensocial work at the, University of rights before the law; and con- . tative was‘ asked how this ” Toronto boycotted classes for two. structive social-economic policies organisation would-educate people days i-n early march to protest the geared to the quality of life. dulled by their working enslow response they were redeiving Specifically, OAP0 will be asking’ vironment. The representative on the six {demands they had for a minimum wage of $3.00 hour ; -<replied by stating, “what you need presented to the faculty of that in June. to keep an economy going is people department. The demands indoing exactly those kinds of things. cluded parity on all decision Until this week, KitchenerIt’s not terribly nice”. making bodies of the department, Waterloo was not represented on more flexibility in courses, -bill culp the 125 tiember council of OAPO. opening of student records to the Cloreen Ellis, Bonnie Day; and Pat *student involved, and restoring P of Hillard were elected to fulfil the values, class. ’ responsibilities of the council and So far the faculty has ignored the organise within the community. request for parity but-has agreed Serving as‘ a resource to the to allow students to see their own OAP0 Council, is the, OAP0 records. Coalition which is comprised of representation from organised labour, the church, and ‘professional’ workers. Delegated to serve ,Kitchener-Waterloo were George Goebbel WOLFVILLE, ,NOVA SCOTIA (Ontario (CUP )-The students council of Federation of Labour), Francis 1Acadia university organised a Clappison (church>, Sister Florence (church) and Jack boycott of classes held on March 18 and 19. This move was in solidarity Harmer (Director of the Social Planning Council of Kitchener-’ with the boycott of classes held by ‘Waterloo). the mu@ students on March 11. Throughout the me&ing held These students refused to attend The Ontario . Anti-Poverty Tuesday evening in downtown classes after learning that their Organisation (OAP01 stems from Kitchener,. chairperson Cary music professor had been fired the Ontario Poor Peoples’ MacQuay, OAP0 council member with no chance to defend himself. , Conference of 1972, which was and organiser from Guelph, The students consider the man the rooted in. the National Poor stressed the urgency of the best prol$ssor they have and Peoples: Conference of 197). The situation of many working poor in protested the action of the OAP0 Council has held conOntario. Discussed at great length, university administration. ferences in February of 1973 and was crippling inflation. and the The board of governors refused 1974. A ten point policy has evolved ever-increasing corporate profits. to acknowledge their complaints which will be presented to the MacQuay spoke about the little boy or ,discuss it again. They also Ontario government this June. The who can’t take a rjaper route refused to allow anyone else to policy requests a guarantee,d because the money wbuld be discuss it: “since it was clear that anhual income for all, full emdeducted from his mother’s professor McCarthy, the professor in question was hired for a term and had no legal right that his employment sh*Juld continue beyond May 31, 1974, and since this matter has received full consideration on two separate occassions by the staff of ths Schpol of Mtiic-those best qualified to judge-it ought not to establish an independent hearing or appeal, committee”. The students have the support of the faculty association and .the ON DISPLAY championship cars such as: Form&-Atlantic,. Forfaculty. grievances committee. mula Fords, Bulova Series, Sedans, and Sports & Grand Touring However, the school of music still Cars, Fro@ March 16th to 24th. rbfuses to give the matter any - more consideration. 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’ Three Evenings of Films on Contemporary China Rekson College Rm. 43 8:00 pm Monday March 25 “One Man’s China” by ‘Felix Greene i ’ Wed March ‘27, Peking Opera, “Taking Tiger Mountain by Stategyl Man April i “The China Story: One Fourth of Humanity” by Edgar Shaw I , sponsored

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more fun (ENS&Monopoly, .one of the world’s largest selling games, is suddenly facing sdme competition. A new game developed by a - university economics professor is patterned after the original but is called “anti-m’onopoly”. This game tukns the players into trustbusters, seeking the breakup of such companies as ‘Techsico Oil’, ‘tigson’: and ‘Calculex’. Apparently the game is catching on. Last December ‘it large department store and a. major bookstore sold out and then reordered the game several times. A smaller food market chain ordered 5,000 games last month. L Certainly there are a few people around that are not too pleased with the success of the ‘Anti- I Monopoly game. A prime example iof the disgruntled few is Parker Brothers-the producers of the original Monopoly. The company considers the game “a definite infringement” and has turned the matter over /to their lawyers.

friday,

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For those who will be around this summer, the Intramurals offers a full summer program. Competitive team activities include softball, soccer and basketball while recreation lly we offer co-ed volleyball, 7 asid% touch football, ball hockey, co-ed slow pitch, and co-ed innertube waterpolo. Athletic clubs operating in the summer include archery, cricket, fencing, orienteering, sailing, underwater, rugby for example. Of course you will still be able to use the gyms, the pool, the sauna, weight rooms, tennis and the like. For further info contact the intramural office Ext. 3232. -bob

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22, 1974

points. Leading the cagers for women’s unit that combines the O.H.I.P. was Mark Waugh with 27 highest number of points for both and comt>etition also In the ‘B’ league yet another St. participation Jerome’s team advanced to the - went to St. Jerome’s. Winning the individual awards finals as St. Jerome’s B met Science. St. Jerome’s proved much were Marc Davidson of St. stronger however, as they downed Jerome’s who received the Judson Science 61-38. Leading the St. Whiteside Award for participating Jerome’s scorers were Vince Muto excellence in Intramurals and Bob and Ken Forgeron with 12 points. Sisler of Co-op _ Residence who The Science scoring was well received the Al .McCormick Award spread out as their leading scorer, for the greatest contribution made Harley, bagged 8 points. to the Intramural program both as a participant and administrator.

The last tournament event of Winter ‘74 season for the intramural program was the Mixed Volleyball tournament which was held Tues. March 12. Thirty-two teams were entered in this event which saw the number one seeded KIN STRUCTION team meeting the number two ranked St. Jerome’s ‘A’ entry in the final. The championship final was extremely close as the kin team managed to upset the defending champions, St. awards night j’ Jerome’s two games straight 15-13 Thursday, -March 14 in conand 16-14. Due to the large numb-m junction with the Intercollegiate of teams entered in this year’s program, the intramural program tournament, it was necessary to awarded its five awards. The team use a single elimination dra.w only, , trophies went as follows: The so unfortunately, if a team lost one Fryer Competitive Trophy went to game it was time for the showers, Kinesiology as they finally with no consolation series managed to grab the award from available. defending - defending - defending b-ball champions, St. Jerome’s. AcIn the ‘A’ league, St. Jerome’s cepting the award was the ever recaptured the Condon Cup after it , prolific Fred Curren, as he said, was stolen away by the T.O. .“we may not put out the most in an event, but we put out the best.” ‘Trotters last fall. Only this term they had -to do battle -with a kin The Townson Participation Award went to the St. Jerome’s for team under the name of O.H.I.P. The eventual score indicated a 7- the eighth consecutive time and point spread as St. Jerome’s took accepting the award for St. the title 70-63. Top scorer for St. Jerome’s was J.C. Mulvihill. Jerries was Chris Gadula with 23 The Brownie Award for the

annals of sport last week-the birth of the idea which led to the late Tim Horton’s well-known donut empire, photo by bob sisler.

Ideas:

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. friday,

march

22, 1974

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the

chevron

Pudsers win- UW’s first CIAU title An action-packed game at Varsity Arena gave the Waterloo Warriors their first All-Canadian title last weekend. This was not an easy victory for the Warriors, ‘who ‘had to come back in the third period from a 4-2 deficit to-tie the game, in order to force it into overtime. In the game, which lasted more than three hours, Sir George showed that their desire to win the title was just as strong as Waterloo’s. After falling behind two goals in the overtime period, with only the services of three defencemen, the Georgians managed one more goal. The Warriors, after learnmg their lesson from Toronto earlier in February, refused to die.Waterloo’s top line of Mike Guimond,.Ron Hawkshaw and Russ Elliot accounted for five of the six Waterloo goals. Although the other two lines managed only one goal, they showed their strength in forechecking and passing.(As coach Bob McKillop stated, “it was the fundamentals of hockey_that won them the game.” The Warriors opened the scoring at the five minute mark of the first period on a play by Guimond and Elliott to Hawkshaw. The Georgians tied the score on a powerplay goal, but Warriors’ Mike Guimond managed the go ahead marker before the end of the first frame. Waterloo was scoreless -in the second, but bombarded Sir George goaltender Bernie Wolfe with 25 shots. 1 The Georgians scored two unanswered second period goals to give them a 3-2 lead going into the third period and a fourth goal at the two minute mark of that frame. Waterloo’s Rob Madely then scored, giving the Warriors the needed goal to set them back on the road to victory. Russ Elliott tied the game on a pass from Guimond and Hawkshaw leaving the Georgians’ goaltender somewhat dazzled. The Warriors had come back to force the game into a 10 minute overtime period. Not wasting any time, the Warriors scored two goals in the first two minutes, with markers going to Ellibtt and Guimond. The Georgians then scored their fifth goal, but were unable to tie it up an/d force a sudden death period. At the conclusion of the game; Mike Guimond skated around Varsity Arena to the sound of the Waterloo band and faithful fans, carrying with him for the second time in two weeks a winning cup, and the first.CIAU title for a Warrior team. story by 1Mris photos by mark nusca

’

friday,

the chevron

march

22,

1974

PLACE TRAVE

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1974

The past seventy years has seen a crisis brewing in the underdeveloped nations of the third world. While North ‘America and Europe have developed -into highly industrialized ( economic systems with concomitantly high standards of. living, most nations of the third world have been unable to free themselves from economic domination and exploitation. These nations have found it difficult to participate in the benefits and bounty of the modern world because they control neither the means of production in their own countries, nor do they benefit from the primary economic activities of their economy since the profits are funnelled to the developed nations or the coffers of the multinational corporations.

the

emotionally exhausted after the first war. They were both unwilling and unable to retain their colonies formally any longer against the will of the native populations. The courageous and voluntary fighting carried on in defence of impe ial nations by natives of their various colonies won \ oluntary grants of independence ‘for many nations after world war two. By 1945 native elites were well established in many colonies and they were able to take advantage of the exhaustion of their imperial masters to gain independence. These men and women constituted . . . a new generation of nationalists. . . the moderate leaders of the pre-war years who were willing to collaborate were being replaced by a younger, radical, at times

NeocOlonialiim:’ , the:-economic for this situation begins The explanation during a period of world history known as the age of empire. The major nations of Europe acquired colonies to serve their economic and strategic . Colonies provided raw materials requirements. for the industry of the imperial nations and were ready,markets for its manufactured goods. The slave trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries began out of the need for labour in the -. sugar colonies of the Caribbean. Over the past seventy years formal empires have been disbanded but the economic exploitation of underdeveloped nations by developed nations goes on. In this, the first of two parts, I will explain this disbanding of empire and what it meant. The ‘erection of a clever system of neo-colonial exploitation which provided both profits and markets for the Imperialism will be introduced. The tool of neo-dolonial control, the export of finance bapital, is considered. . ’ , In next week’s chevron, the more recent forms of neo-colonial control such as the depersonalization of capital, the role of the world’s major financial institutions in controlling prices, and the function of “aid” in guaranteeing friendly third world governments and political affiliation are discussed. The example of Chile subjected to economic I blockade/by the developed nations of the world, including Canada: and the role of multi-national corporations such as ITT in the establishment of and murder of a military dictatorship democratically elected Marxist President Salvador Allende will be examined within the theoretical framework laid\ out earlier. I -Mel Watts The period intervening between the old empires and the granting of colonial independence was known as the period of de-colonization. Subject to many ‘definitions, de-colonization (devolution) is perhaps best explained by Kwamea Nkrumah. He states that: \ Decolonization is a word. . . . used by imperialist spokesmen to describe the transfer of political control from the colonial to African (native) sovereignty. The process of de-colonization and dismemberment of empire developed quickly, taking only 50 years to occur. In 1919, colonial and semicolonial and dependent countries comprised 77.2 per cent of the world’s surface area and 69.2 .per~ cent of its .population. By 1962, 1,500 million persons inhabiting 56.2 per cent of the globe had gained nominal independence. Why this occurred has been the subject of much controversy. Macmillan, writing in his book The Road to Self-Rule, considers the development of an indigenous native elite as a major factor spurring independence movements by colonial peoples. He says these movements represented . . . a sudden burst of self assertion by peoples who had ‘hitherto accepted their, dependent status almost without question. . . a strong body of educated men and women. . . were making their own assessments .. .- . Others such as Albertine view the effect of the two world wars as the major influence spurring colonial emancipation. After the first war Germany was stripped of her African Colonies. The allied powers were financially, militarily and

chevron

outlined his plans for France’s colonial possessions: / . To those people who have managed to affirm their national consciousness and their sense ’ of political responsibility, France intends to s’ give a new political status in the heart of the French Community where on the framework of the Indo-Chinese federal organization the freedom of different countries of the union will be extended and consecrated. The IndoChinese federation will form together with France and the other territories of the community a French union whose interests abroad will be represented by France. In essence, neocolonialism amounts to continued interference by developed nations with the

Ideveloping c-

mono-cuhr

Marxist-trained elite who had, led the emancipation movement. . . After Japan fell, and before the Europeans were established again, the new elite was able to break through -and confrontthe colonial powers with its military force and mass organization. Without a doubt, the formation of the United Nations facilitated colonial emancipation movements. The UN was the first world organization which provided an open forum on colonial petitions for freedom, and a place where the activities of the imperialists could be exposed to the world and denounced. The imperial powers -were placed on the defensive for the first time in history since the slave trade, and perhaps this is part of the explanation why colonial methods of exploitation were abandoned in favour of more subtle, but just as effective, neocolonial ones. After world war two the age of technology began in earnest. Via the transistor radio, newspapers and television, native populations all over the world became aware of the disparity in lifestyles existing between themselves and those in the developed nations of Europe and North America. More important, they began hearing the calls of their own leaders who promised them better lifestyles if they achieved independence. The media explosion had one other important effect. The populations of *Europe and North America were kept informed of the activities in the colonies on a day-to-day basis. The demand for freedom by native independence movements, and the actions of imperial governments to prevent this independence and ignore native complaints, could no longer be concealed from the -_ metropolitan populations of Europe. Finally: it is a widely accepted explanation that colonies were given freedom because they had become economically unprofitable to maintain and no longer strategically necessary. What the former imperial powers needed from the colonies were not bills for defence, schools and administration, but just continued access to markets, access to resources yd profits from these areas. ~ This new relationship has been labelled by some as neocolonialism. Neocolonialism engenders the notion of continued co-operation on economic matters with the former imperial master or any other developed nation. “The young countries are still the providers of, raw materials, the old of’ manufactured goods . . . colonialism has achieved a new guise. . . It has become neocolonialism. . .” The structure of this ‘co-operation’ took various forms; given such names as the ‘Commonwealth’ or the ‘French COmm,Uhity’. The Yaunde Convention was a system set up to maintain this co-operation between Europe and Africa. Pierre Jallee outlines this co-operation: The bias in the Yaunde Convention’ has enabled the European Economic Community to set up a. real Euro-African Common Market. . . . Without restriction by quota or customs charges, goods will be exchanged. Within the vast area where Africa and Europe complement one another. . . this. structure will i result in the preparation of the imperialist type of division of labour; for some countries primary production, for others manufacturing industry. On December 8, 1943 Charles DeGaulle

economic affairs of the new nations of the third world, and where necessary the political affairs as well. Neocolonial exploitation permits the developed nations all the benefits of the former colonial relationship with few of its obligations. The problem the new nations must grapple with is that political independence means very little if not accompanied by economic freedom of action.Many former colonies are relatively small in size. Nkrumah charges that they have been deliberately balkanized. Certainly they are economically not viable and are therefore forced into a dependent relationship with the developed nations, but ‘whether balkanization was a deliberate policy of the imperialists or the neocolonialists is questionable. The imperialists have, however, taken advantage of this situation. ’ , Some nationalist movements in these small nations have proved to be detrimental to their economic development. These movements have isolated the nations and made co-operation with j other former colonies difficult to achieve. Many third world federations, marketing boards, and . the like, which could have been beneficial in providing a united front to deal with the problems, have been difficult to establish due to petty quarrels over who shall lead, where the organization shall be located, and so on. The failure of the Caribbean Federation in the fifties and sixties is an excellent example of these kinds of problems facing third world nations. In the area of national economics the new nations face almost insurmountable problems. Most colonial areas were chosen by the imperialists for strategic or resource reasons. If a colony did not have an important resource which they needed, one was often introduced. An example would be the introduction of rubber to Malaysia by the British. What developed in most colonies was economic mono-culture. This monoculture was almost always in the area of agriculture or primary activities such as mining _ ,or fishing. There was seldom, if ever, any investment in industry in the colonies, in fact it was discouraged. Most strong economic systems in the twentieth century are based on heavy industry which supports further production and generates the most capital. When the colonies received independence they did not possess the capital to support their economic systems, and, because they lacked heavy industry, were unable to generate the much needed capital. As a result, the new nations had little choice but to negotiate with the developed nations for capital, aid and technical assistance. Under direct imperial control the colonies had enjoyed trade, preferences for their produce, and could obtainhardware and skilled personnel from the imperial nations. After independence they enjoyed none of these-privileges unless they made a deal. In such a desperate situation the developed nations obtained easy access to their resources, tax incentives, and continued access to colonial -markets for their manufactured goods. The flow of capital did little for the new nation since it was invested mainly in areas of primary export, and tended to maintain and expand economic monocultures. It increased the disparity between rich and poor countries. . . . Export of capital was not designed to I industrialize the subjugated countries and continued on page 12 *

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continued thereby

from page 11

increase their profit producing capacity, but rather to maintain them as food stuff and raw -material producers and as customers of goods manufactured in the industrial nations.

In 1965 the nations of the third world were generating 37.5 per cent of the total production of extractive industry for the socialist world, and 62.5 per cent for the capitalist developed nations. This is logical in terms of capitalist economics, since the object is maximize profits and minimize losses. When a developed country or a corporation looks to invest excess capital, it is logical that they will invest in a resource which they need, or an area which promises large L ’ monetary profits. The government of a third world country has some power to divert indigenous capitalists to the essential sectors of the economy, but is powerless or very nearly so with regard to foreign investors. V This largely uncontrolled investment, often presented to the nation on a take it or leave it basis, has resulted in the continuation and ex, pansion of economic mono-culture, a widening gap between rich and poor nations, ~ and increasing dependence on other nations to offset r economic instability . I At a world level the new nations are almost helpless to protect themselves from inflation, declining prices, and increasing costs. The ‘financial institutions and world currency rates are \ under the control of the major western nations. Since, as we have often said, the new nations are generally resource-dependent, and often only in one .or two resources, any market fluctuation in the price paid for those commodities can be disastrous. In 1964,60 per cent of Bolivia’s export was tin, 95 per cent of Venezuela’s export was oil and 60 per cent of Costa Rica’s export was bananas. Seventy-four per cent of the export commodities of the third world were directed to the major developed nations in 1964. The developed nations are very dependent upon the third world for resources, the only real economic wealth, and there is no real excuse why the new nations should be poor other than the fact that they have. been cornered into selling out cheaply. The recent tactics of Arab oil producers is one indication that “these nations may finally begin to demand, and get I a decent price for their resources. Pierre Jallee notes that, although manufacturing has been steadily increasing in the third world, ip share in international trade is actually decreasing. Although exports of -manufactured goods have been rising more rapidly than the exports of primarycommodities. . . the rate of expansion has been about half of that _ achieved by developed countries. It will _ therefore be apparent that developing countries are not even maintaining their share in international trade, much less increasing it. Most products of the third world which are exported are primary resources which are exported in either a totally raw state, or are just partly processed. They are taken to the industrial cities of the developed nations and employ their people in refining these products. Raw materials extracted and exported are very inexpensive and the profit margin after the materials are processed and sold is astronomical. ~ The profits ‘in this fashion aided the more rapidaccumulation of capital in the developed . . the capital concentration divided nations. . the world up into developing and stagnating, into “rich” and “poor:’ nations, just as it polarized the classes in each particular capitalist nation. _The econo&c issues are I paramount in _ questions of independence, because ,without economic freedom to act, and&&nal economic is inindependence, political independence effective in representing its people effectively and protecting their country. It would not be unfair to conclude that the developed nations and the multi-national corporations have a vested interest in keeping the nations of the third world from becoming economically self-sufficient. The developed nations exert very strong controls which guarantee continued dependence on them for skilled labour, technical advice and capital. Although they (the new nations) complain on nationalist grounds of their lack of freedom of manoeuvre, and of economic losses imposed on them by their dependence,they,are also

r,lal

The economic issues are paramount in questions of independence, economic freedom to act, and nominal economic independence, p is ineffective in representing its’peopk effectively and protechzg I "" * .the globe, and their tremendous. financial power I raise the GNP signific’ aware of the dangerous consequences. to makes them more influential than many nations themselves of breaking off their relationship and unemployment con with the US and the international agencies;-, and losing their support. The aid programs of the developed nations are one of the major means used to obtain and maintain access to third world resources and markets and political alliance or neutrality. Nkrumah discusses non-alignment of new nations as an effective bargaining tool, but most nations are aligned through their economic system if not their foreign policy.- While the major nations-give very little money in outright grant, they wield a great deal of influence with that small amount. Pierre Jallee has analyzed and condemned current forms of aid saying: Bilateral and multilateral public aid flowing from imperialist nations to the third world amounts to very little. Its proclaimed targets are niggardly; there exists a serious danger that these targets will not be reached, and aid on this scale is basically incapable of insuring the ‘take off’ of .the economies of-the underdeveloped nations, or .even of playing a major role in bringing it about. Figures from the World Bank report of 1965-66 bear this statement out. In that year, profits transferred from the third world 3 nations amounted to 8 billion dollars. Profits reinvested in the-third world amounted to only 840 million dollars. Such’ investment has helped no one but the investors. With few exceptions, stabilization programs supplied by the international ‘agencies have resulted in low or negative rates of per capita growth. Nkrumah refers to this type of aid as being a revolving door in which the “aid” enters and is returned to the investor ,many times over in profits. Theresa Hayter states that the major value of aid is not its economic value, since it represents only 20 per cent of total investment in the third world, but rather its influence potential, . It is, she says, the remaining 80 per cent which is more important than aid in accelerating growth. From here on we will be concerned with the 80 per cent and the institutions which control it. We will examine the trend of the depersonalization of I investment, the growth of multi-national car- . porations’ investment in the third world, and the structure of those institutions which now largely make the life and death decisions of economics for the third world. The case study of Chile and its relationship to world financial institutions and the two major multi-national COrpOratiOhS Kennecott Copper and International Telephone and Telegraph will be our example. After world war two a significant. trend appeared in the realm of neocolonialist activity. . . . Imperialist exploitation tended to become. . . multi-lateral, it was less often operated through the medium of national capitalist groups and more often through the operation of- international cosmopolitan monopolies increasingly dominated by US _ capital. This meant that the new nations were faced with dealing with a rather nebulous business that had no apparent roots. organization Previously under direct imperialist control, the native elite could demand answers from the colonial office about its actions and policies, but under the system of private investment they are often unable to questionthe actions of,, and receive satisfactory answers from the corporations. As with many large organizations it is someone who will accept r difficult to pinpoint ultimate responsibility for what is going on. Decisions are explained away and blamed on the paper jungle by the middle-level bureaucrats sent by the company into the fields of investment. - Secondly, these corporations have one major activity in mind: making a profit. The colonial office of earlier times accepted responsibility for protecting the people and providing a relatively decent standard of living and health care. Today, corporations accept no obligation to participate in these activities, although some do participate in these activities voluntarily for reasons of promotingdomestic,political stability and good public relations. ’ ;-- ~-The corporations have a network which spans

in influencing world’ monetary conditions. This financialpower also provides them with a great deal of political influence particularly in the United States. International Telephone -and Telegraph (I-TT) is such an organization. ITT operates 58’ companies and affiliates in Canada. Its empire extends to 70 countries and it employs 400,000 people. Its financial assests exceed 7.3 billion dollars. Almost 50 per cent of its assets and sales are outside the US, while 60 per cent of its capital flow is from its foreign holdings to the United States. The profits it obtains from neocolonialist activities exceed almost the realm of comprehension. The money which is re-invested can be discounted, however, for it is so small in relation to the profitsfunnelled from the world to the US. During the early twentieth century, several monetary institutions were established to facilitate rates of exchange and orderly finance. Two major institutions are the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The IMF was set up to promote orderly exchange conditions among the North Atlantic countries who suffered from the lack of such order in the 1930’s. Access to the funds resources are naturally more open to nations which contribute a surplus to the fund. Its decisions are made by its members who have weighted voting privileges ,commensurate ,with the amount of money- they have in the fund. This fact, plus the fact that the fund is centred in Washington, has meant that the objectives of the major w+orld powers, especially the US, have been reflected in the, fund’s activities. It is common knowledge that the White House has in the past formulated its foreign policy to suit the requirements of major corporations in particular areas.. The corporations such as ITT have a direct line into the policy of the IMF by virtue of its economic power in the US. The World Bank was created as a complement to the IMF, its purpose being to provide a steady flow of investment to underdeveloped nations. Its charter says that it should promote foreign investment and ensure that due regard is paid to business conditions in areas of the world in which it invests. ’

Part of the reason fc government’s plans wa! great deal from what Investment was not divt investment increased leaving the country. Be investment in Chile by World Bank; and other to 257 million dollars. the outflow of profits 2 amounted to one bill general election campi apparent a coalition of parties was going to leadership of Marxist $ Faced with a very rt investments and future to have offered the M dollars to be used b Allende’s election. T negotiations remains UI known; suddenly pa Allende’s proposed coal sums of money on higl Avenue media campa& despite this on a program says: Chile attempts to r national resources, in

The bank and the IMF work in conjunction to znaximize return on its loans and success of its projects. They make regular analyses of the economies of the underdeveloped nations in which they invest and will, if -necessary, pressure governments to adopt certain policies which are conducive to investment, and guarantee protection of that investment. For example, Theresa Hayter found that, Aid from the World Bank is under internal policy memorandum which has not been ’ published, available to countries which nationalize foreign-owned assets without compensation. At this point we can begin to bring together the pieces of the puzzle and begin to understand the nature of post-war neocolonialism as it is practiced by developed nations and multinational corporations. They have, a strong influence on world market prices, policies of major lending institutions, and can dictate terms to the underdeveloped nations through the lure of capital which they urgently need, aid payments, or the threat of economic censure. The tremendous amounts. of money available to neocolonialists allows them to buy almost anything, from a mercenary army to gove’hment officials of the highest position. The underdeveloped nations are for the most part at a loss to loosen the stranglehold the developed nations have on them. The example of Chile and ITT provides the best conclusion to this story, for it demonstrates a concrete evidence that the process that has been described has happened and does occur today. The current situation in Chile begins with the Frei government which held power from 19641967. This government believed that the answer to Chile’s economic problems, always a dominant theme in Chilean history, lay in expansion of her copper industry. They encouraged major American ,copper companies to expand their operations and export more copper. This failed to

- - “ _

leir country. tly or reduce inflation nued to rise. the failure of the Frei that it did not differ a , as already happening. sified,‘and while outside ightly , so did profits reen 1950 and 1970, net re copper interests, the :overnments, amounted uring the same period, d dividends from Chile n dollars. During the ;n in 1970 it became 3ft wing and moderate be elected under the lvador Allende. 1 prospect .of losing its mofits, ITT was reported ite House one million the CIA to prevent 3 outcome of these nown, but one thing is ies in opposition to ion were spending huge y professional Madison s. Allende was elected which, generally stated, Cain her heritage order to provide

of an

economic basis for re-distributing - wealth among her people and promoting progressive social policies. She finds herself attacked in world markets by’ the US-based copper company, Kennecott . At home her democracy is threatened by the manoeuvres of another U&based giant, International Telephone and Telegraph. International credit disappears, and the prospects for an innovative and humane society in Chile are threatened. Soon after the election, ITT submitted plans to the White House designed to prevent Allende’s programs from being implemented. An “action plan” for Chile was submitted to by them to Peter Peterson, assistant to President Nixon for international economic affairs. It requested that the US government: l continue loan restrictions in the international banks; l quietly -have ‘large US private banks do the same; k -confer with foreign banking circies with the same idea in mind; l delay further buying from Chile-use copper stockpiled in the US instead; l enlist CIA assistance in a 6-month squeeze; contact reliable persons in the Chilean m-ilitary; i and l delay the’ delivery of fuel . to the Ch,tiean military in such a /way as to bring about discontent with Allende.

Canada played a small but important role in putting the economic squeeze on Chile. In late 1970 Canada’s Export Development Corporation (EDC) had loans outstanding to Chile of 24.7L million dollars, and loans out to Brazil ‘of 13.2 million. By 1972 Canadian loans to Chile had been frozen for a year while aid to the “stable”military junta of Brazil had been increased to 62.5 million. The first year of Allende’s government was a good one for the economy. Inflation had plowed, wages were up, housing and education programs were proceeding along’ with plans for nationalizing copper industry. The cut-off of credit to Chile by foreign governments and international monetary institutions sent the Chilean economy into a tail’ spin. Many of- Chile’s economic problems have been domestic, but the pressure applied from outside aggravated the situation to the point of collapse. On December 4, 1972 Allende addressed the UN general assembly and outlined the economic blockade applied to Chile since 1970. He demanded that wealthy industrial nations, particularly the US, stop sabotaging efforts for economic independence and social justice in the third world. He received a standing ovation from other third world delegates. . The events which took place, up to and including September 11,1973, showed clearly that a democracy which does not coincide with con-

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. L

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tinued neocolonialist exploitation and profit cannot be permitted to continue. ’ The question of neocolonialist control of the third -world by major- developed nations and multi-national corporations through economic blackmail is a very complex problem. The dilemma which the underdeveloped nations face is that they must try to catch up with andkeep pace with the modem world if they are ever to provide their people with an adequate standard of living and opportunity. They lack the capital to, finance their own development, and are almost forced to enlist outside aid. Most of these nations lack the widespread consciousness among their people which would be necessary to achieve a complete and lasting socialist. revolution. The interim answer must be not the total expulsion of foreign interests and capital, but rather in a stringent regulation of it. Foreign investors must be forced to diversify their. investment throughout the economy if they wish to invest in “cream” abeas of the economy. Naturally, it is the best interests of the corporations that this does not occur, because a diversified economy will grow in strength, and consequently the nation will grow in independence. Presently, the foreign investors have the upper hand, but the winds of ’ \ change are in the air. It is not-necessary that corporations and investors lose all their profits, because no one would invest if there is to be no return on the investment. It is only necessary that the level of profits be reduced, and be returned to the people of-the country involved-Why should Kennecott be permitted to make a profit of 1 billion dollars while only investing 257 million dollars? The abuse of the capitalist system in this instance was extreme, and the Chilean people were the losers. The money the companies have made has paid for their investments hundreds of times over. There was no real loss to the copper companies in terms of assets and investments. They assisted in the overthrow of Allende’s,tgovemment simply for continued access to excessive profits. The disunity of the third world stands in the ---way of it improving its bargaining positions. Together, the third world countries could _ establish continental marketing boards which would be able to set fair prices on products; ‘a skilled pool of technical and scientific advisors, and a third world development. corporation dedicated to preserving the national resources of each nation for its people. The success of the Arab oil producers has proved that the developed 1 nations are, in fact, more dependent on the third world than the third world is on them. The miracle is that the Arabs and the Venezuelans are now receiving just barely what their oil is worth, , whereas previously they were forced to practically give it away. The developed nations, the multinational corporations and the monetary institutions are united to prevent third world economic independence. Only a united front will defeat them, but it can be -done. All that the Third World asks is the autonomy that is enjoyed by the developed nations so that its people can enjoy an acceptable level of housing, education and health care, and so that it will be able to employ its own people in a diversified domestic economy at a fair wage. This can be achieved only by negotiating a better deal with foreign investors who oppose these moves.1 It is possible that the colonial attitude of master and slave still exists, and stands in the way of an assertion of independence by the third world. Perhaps neo-colonialists will prove smart enough to alter the situation enough to defuse the independence movements. The current trend among the corporations has been towards getting involved in domestic problems. This process may be in progress. Imperial Oil is building schools in Argentina and “donating” clothing, books and food to the people as ransom for their executives. This tactic may succeed, for capitalists have often been known to share the crumbs, so they could keep the cake. Neocolonialism is not the last stage of capitalism, only another stage, but the whole situation is at a critical stage now. It may culminate in widespread revolt against this exploitation, or more likeiy will see capitalism and exploitation of the poorer nations by the richer ones and the corporations re-affirmed for sdfne’tirrie;,~o-‘co~~.~;’ ,..y. ii-., .

-the

\ friday,

che_vron \

--OCUFA PROGRAM

TEACHIN

/ Town house to sublet may 1 to sept 1, ,furnished, Lakeshore Village, rent $170 monthly. 884-7773.

CATEGORIES @“Teaching”, in the context of the OCUFA Awards, need not be narrowly defined. Proficiency in teaching may extend beyond the lecture hall, the seminar root-t% the laboratory or the faculty member’s office. services”-e.g., Course design, @Activities sometimes classified as “administrative curriculum development, organization of co-operative teaching programs-and other significant forms of leadership are often important contributions to the instructional process; and those who excel in them are eligiblefbr the OCUFA Teaching Awards. I

NOMINATIONS

FOUND

l Are invited from individuals or such groups as local faculty associations, faculty or college councils, university committees concerned with teaching and I learning, local student councils, alumni, etc. @Part-time, as well as full-time, faculty members of Ontario universities are eligible for I nomination.

Social Insurance card no. 447729666 f& Gregory- Hoflinger. Found tuesday near PSY buikling. Contact Security.

CRITERIA mo standard form of submission @Sponsors should provide as much clear that outstanding work deserving

is required. evidence in suppdrt of the nomination of pecognition has been done.

as will

make

LOST

5th floor Arts Library a men’s gold Waterloo graduate ring. Great sentimental vaule,Reward offered. Phone 885-3653.

HOW TO PROCEED

weadline

for

and as substantial

as possible

Dr. S.F. Gallagher Chairman, OCUFA 40 Sussex Avenue Toronto M5S 1 J7 of nomination!%:

receipt

supporting

Committee

documentation,

on ‘Teaching

should

Awards J

PENFRIENDS IN

- BRITAIN

PERSONAL English graduate will proof read essays, termpapers or books for all ’ faculties. Reasonable rates. Please phone 699-4082 or write Box 138, St. Clements, Ontario. I

ATLANTIC, Dept. CYl, * 45 Mayesbrook Road, @genham Essex, RM8 2EA, England.

in Europe

Good Persons experienced in vegetarian cookery with small in4 vestment required to- run a natural foods restaurant on an equal partnership ‘basis. Apply Golden Age Healthfood Store, 14 Charles Street West, Kitchener.

this Summer

The University of British Columbia Qirected Study Abroad May - August 1974

8) Contact Holiday Ranch for skidoing and horse drawn sleigh riding. Call \ 664-2616. . . f 1971 Renault 12 -excellent condition throughout, radio, rear defroster etc. Certified, roomy and economical. 8851163.

I Courses are under direction of faculty fro& for appropriate Univerity credit. Non-credit

the University participants

of British Columbiaand are also welcdme.

may betaken

LONDON Western Art Since 1800 (Fine A& 397) - May 24 to June 28. The modern tradition in western art from 18QO.to the present. Art,of the Renaissance The art and architecture

FLORENCE (Fine Arts 397) - May 19 to June 27. of Florence and surrounding areas from the 14th to the 18th century.

67 Volvo, 4 door sedan, Radials, 52,000 miles, excellent- condition. $1250 or best offer. 579-6808.

PARIS Historical Techniques (Fine Arts 397) - July 2 to August 18. A study of materials and techniques with emphasis on mosaics, Paris and surrounding areas, followed by an intensive two-week

stain glass and enamellin$ studio course at UBC.

LONDON and STRATFORD-UPON-AVON Shakespeare (finglish 365) - July 9 to August 8. Lectures, seminars and theatre pertormances in London and Stratford-upon-Avon, cooperation with the Shakespeare Institute of the University of Birmingham.

ENGLAND Physical Current

Education - July 4 to August practices in physical education,

For detailed

information

and applications

24. recreationi

and sports

for registration,

in England.

please write

Dlrected Studies Abroad Centre for Continuing ,Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V8T lW5

Electric guitar, Baldwin (made by Gibson) new $550 asking $225. Phone 884-5888. Peugeot 10 speed, 21” frame, Universal brake levers, Huret Sproket deraileur, Michelins, Alloy Carrier. Asking $100. 744-5083:. , Classical guitar with hardshell case, in fair condition $50. ‘884-4422. \

to: i

(

Man’s wristwatch green’ BulovaCaravelle. Valuable keepsake. Reward offered. Phone 885-1934 or leave a message with Gail in Drama Office, HUM’ building. , Gracelet set with moon stones (white iridescent) on campus. Keepsake. Call ext. 3072. Elise. ;

Find out what life is REALLY like in the British _ Isles-perhaps haye a holiday there with new friends! Write TODAY for details on the Club which specializes in transatlantic penfriends:-

Study

1974

-__

22,

AWARDS

@The program was establish$d in 1972 for the purpose of providing more exten.sive recognition to outstanding teachers in Ontario universities. @Up to twenty awards in the form of citations will be made each year. OPresentation of the awards will take place this year at the OCUFA Spring Conference, May 10 and 11, 1974, at Carleton University. @Successful nominees will be selected by the OCUFA Committee on Teaching A&iards.

@Letters of nomination, be sent to:

march

. Tiredof Paying

Collectors item 1964 Lincoln Continental excellent condition, 62,000 original miles, full power options,

f Or

Bike

everything 578-5902

woks. Must sell. Phone Jim or 743-8159.

Automatic Datsun or Toyota newer. Call 745-0980.

1970, or

Waitress and waiters for summer term for full time job in Stratford. Call for appointment for interview l-271-1340. Late model sports car wanted European or domestii model, convertible preferred. Must have low mileage. Will pay cash.? Phone 5781973. TYPING

”

Typing thesis e’ssays etc. done in my I home. Phone 742-9619. To have your essays and assignments typed phone 742-7778. Experienced~ secretary who will do typing at home, french and english, fully equipped-electric typewriter, fast and accurate work. Please call Violet 579-8098. Efficient typing of essays. In prior ro Wednesday ready friday. Mrs. McLean 578-595 1. Will do typing of essays and thesi$ in my home. please call Mrs. McKee ‘at \ 578-2243. ’ Typing for students, 742-4689. HOUSING

essays etc. Phone -.

AVAILABLE

Sublet large two bedroom apartment partly furnished, underground parking, ‘3 minute walk to campus, rent negotiable. 884-4905. Try Us. 4 bedroom townhouse for 4-6 people may-September 2 minutes to beer, liquor, groceries (Parkdaie) ; 15 minutes to U. of W. Swimming pool, broadloom, alI,appliances. Phone 8846644 or come to 508! Albert anytime. Townhouse 15 minute walk to campus, beside Parkdale Plaza, 3 or 4 bedroom, partially furnished, swimming pool, $210 monthly negotiable. 885-0936. Apartment available ; 1 bedroom $135 per month; two bedroom $155 per month: 5 ,min.utes walk to campus, includes all utilities, cable TV Phone Waterloo, Co-op Residence 884-3670. One bedroom apartment summer term, fully furnished,n$135 monthly, 17 Amos Avenue, Apt 2. 744-3407. t

Repairs?

To sublet-may to September a partially furnished house near downtown Kitchener, 5 minutes to mainline bus, 10. minutes to ,market. Rent $225 monthly. Room for 6-8 persons. 125 Water Street North. Phone 744-7665. Need two co-op students for two bedroom furnished apartment close to wniversity. Sauna and outdoor pool. $55 mbnth each. 884-3785. Full room and board, single, $425; double $325. Why pay more? Room also available. 5 minutes walk from campus. Phone Waterloo Co-operative 6 Residence 884-3670. Large 3 bedroom apartment available to sublet Mayl-Sept 1. Greenbriar Apartments 285 Erb Street West. $220 monthly saunas. 576-2575. Four bedroom townhouse mayaugust. Completely ‘furnished, can accommodate 5 Lakeshore Village. $220 hydro included. Call Brian, Vi?ce 8848384.

Luxury Townhouse to sublet fro; May to August 74: Three bedroom furnished, stove, refridgdrator, washer, dryer, laundry tubs, cable, parking, Stanley Park area. Rent $150 ponthly. Call 578-5328 aft?- 5pm. Furnished large P/bedroom apartment suits 3-4, summer term, pool, sauna, r;able. King near hospital. $195. 5782117. / May 1st 2 bedroom apartment furnished, Phillip Street co-op. Pets OK. $155 mbnthly, 8841082.’ Spacious @vo bedroom apartment at Greenbriar to sublet from May 1 to August 31. Sauna, appliances and one month’s fr&e rent. Call 578-2242. / Townhouse to sublet may to september 1974, 3 bedroom beside plaza, swimming pool, $lOG Albert Street or call 884-6222 rent negotiable. Toronto spring wor,k term one person wanted to share apartment in St Jamestown with 3. Call 884-8241. 3 Bedroom apartment for rent May 1 to August 31, 1974 $120 month fully furnished and utilities paid. 745-3654.

Two large double rooms available May 1, full use of home, equipment, and outdoor pool. Phone Mrs. Wright 8851664. *Wanted persons to share room in 11‘ room house downtown Toronto. APprox. $85 mbnthly. Call 924-8051 after 6 pm. . Apartment to sublet may to septem ber Waterloo Towers, apt 101. Largest Apartment in building, 5 minutes from campus. 884-8032. Townhouse unfurnished. Place, $180 7682.

sublet, May-sept, per month.

3-bedroom.., Sunnydale Phone 884-

Townhouse to sublet-l-bedroom, pool, near Parkdale Plaza. Rent under $200 and negotiable. 885-0837. Townhouse to sublet-3 large bedrooms, furnished, 1 l/2 bathrooms, Lakeshore Village, $200 monthly negotiable, will ‘rent individually. 884947 1.. Fully furnished townhouse available E10 143 Columbia closest to U. swimming pool May-Sept. Call 885-0094.

I YEAR fREE - NO ALIBIS - NO EXCUSES

“BEST-GUARANTEE IN TO-WN” NO b:HAftGE 0N ANY .WA!?RANTY WORK

- DOES N&

COVER TIRES, TUBES, ACC’IDENTS or ABUSE

RIORDAN’S SKI AI SPORT CeNT,RE\ 17 BENTON ST.,, KbTCHEl9Elt I 576-5555 / b

WLlOWWE5T #iAll, 823-2111

GUELFH

Rent May-Sept 5 bedroom townhouse completely furnished (fully broadloomed, cable, dishwater, 1% refrigerators, pool). $250, phone 7438947. May to Sept. single or double room for rent. Excellent kitchen and washing facilities, close to University, male only. 884-1381. May-Sept. Furnished townhouse with pool. 2 ~minutes from U.W. (143 Columbia at Phillip.) Will rent itidividually ($46mo.) or group ($186mo.) 884-3741. Apt. wanted May 1 till Sept. 1. Mc!Master student wants 2-bedroom unfurnished apt. in K-W. Willing to pay about $125 monthly. Call Jim at 1-416385-4128.

’

friday,

march

22, 1974

the chevroh

Brecht comes towater100 ,.

of the biggest Known as one productions that this university has ever attempted, The Caucasian Chalk Circle will be presented by the University\ of Waterloo Division of Drama from March26 to March 30 in the Humanities Theatre. The cast of 3%plus have been working strenuously for over a month now on this expensive ($4,000 .OO) production of the Brecht classic. ’ Most of Brecht’s plays are plays. within-plays and they necessitate theI use of a revolving stage. This production is no different. A circular revolving stage has been constructed and will carry as many as 26 characters. The nature of the sets, along with the large number of costumes needed play a large part in the high expenses of the. play. Gordon McDougall, The AssociateProfessor in Drama, said that although the revolving stage was costly, it will naturally be an added asset to the campus theatre for the future. McDougall, an Scottish director from Inverness chose this particular play because its simplicity made it a good play for students to get involved in. He also said that in a professional company that it would be difficult to meet the high, budget with the extra expense of paid actors. Brecht intentionally places the play in an historical setting to prevent the spectatorfrom confusing what is seen on stage with reality. To further prevent this confusion, songs, music and technical devices are employed to create a kind of total theatre. The play centers around the revolution in Grusinai and involves a . mythical story about a foster-mother’s right to a child, told as an illustration to a new ideal of ascribing property. / The sets and costumes for this play were designed by Maxine Graham and Karl Wiley, who could well be considered professionals in their fields. Working along with McDougall, they form a very professional play -even though the cast is made up of students. Only the opening night will say whether their professionalism directing an exceedingly large cast in a presentation of the size of Caucasian Chalk Circle will prove useful. c

. -1inda

lounsberry

Passion Play Late last spring Ian Anderson and his recording group Jethro Tull embarked on a concert tour of both Canada and-the United States. He visited the Kitchener War Memorial Auditorium at the end of May and played to a full house of stoned listeners. The patrons were stunned by Tull’s latest offering; not only were the music and musicians well rehearsed but the total effect of the show was overwhelming. After first presenting his new work, A Passion Play, he reviewed, to the thorough enjoyment of the audience, his past contributions-to the rock scene. The rest of his tour was equally- well received in Noti,h America. The early part of the summer was spent, for many Tull freaks, in anxious

“It works!” exclaimed a member of the technical crew responsible stage will be used for the Caucasian Chalk Circle which is being Darnell Cootes was the photographer.

anticipation of the release of his record. The recording was finally released by Reprise and simply titled A Passion Play. (A passion play is a dramatic work which portrays the suffering of Christ on the cross) To put it simply everyone was suitably disappointed, Although the recording was quite up to technical standards, the record at first listening was disappointing. The objectivity which is inherent in any comparison between a live performance and the recording belittles the impression of the recording. Since the the concert was sogood the record appeared to be not of Tull’s caliber, in the perspective of the short term. Many were also frightened away at first listening by the depth of concentration needed to follow the con-‘ tinuity offered by the lyrics. The insertion of a beast fable in the middle of the forty-five minute presentation did nothing- to attract the casual listener. Ian Anderson, in this release, has made himself almost intelligible to the less serious. Some have ventured the opinion that Tull had gone too- deep, a completely unfounded opinion. No one disagreed over the quality of his music although it is up to at least the level of Thick As A Brick or Aqualung. Most Tull freaks were content to let the critics pan as they settled back for a winter of solid enjoyment. The record merits such serious enjoyment and the meaning of his record is just beginning to be obvious after intensive playing of the disc since mid-October. An analysis of his important beast fable is attempted to justify this opinion. This allegory, The Story of the Hare Who Lost His Spectacles is juxtaposed in almost the chronological centre-of the record. It concerns the plight of a poor hare who has lost his spectacles. This speedy creature had, in effect, lost his accustomed way of perceiving things but in a more allegorical sense it probably relates to the loss of the hare’s purpose in life. The hare can’t do anything without his spectacles and lies around as the neighbouring animals offer their opinions on hare’s dilema. The owl, always known for his wisdom, immediately goes to sleep since he realizes that only through himself can the hare find his spectacles. The kangaroo, exhibiting that she is a far superior being, does recommend that the hare go in search of the opticia ( one who gives out methods of seeing). The kangaroo failed to take into account the fact that hare was completely helpless without his glasses. Word plays occur -

for building the revolving stage in the Humanities presente,d from March 26 to 30 at the University

frequently throughout the whole of the album, an example being ‘you can guru, you can’. In the end it turns out that the hare had a, spare pair. If you want to do some serious listening that’s good for your consciousness buy this record. If you want to listen to some fantastic music and aren’t concerned with lyrics, record this record from one of your friends. Personally this is all I’ve been into, along with the Stone’s latest, and the experience has been enjoyable: A Passion Play, a Chrysalis Record, (CHR 1040) is released on the Reprise label which is a subsidiary of Warner Bros. who also own a controlling interest in Dumont Ducks Unlimited. -reid glenn

earthy, bawdy, heady and vigorous. VW were no strangers to, death, violence, debauchery and lust. The book is no disappointment, if that’s where you are at. The women are either virgin Mary’s or reasonable facsimiles as in the case of the desirable and attainable schoolteacher with her heart of gold and Browning and Keats and half an M .A., or they are the village nymphomaniac who\m everybody uses (“she had the hottest pants north of Lindsay”).. The plot goes nowhere other than one more look at a young boy coming of age in southern Ontario. It is a series of contrasts. A fifteen year old orphan has the dreams and apparent lusts of three loggers. The Irish Catholic immigrants in 1850 are put into conflict with the prissy uptight Protestant Scats in Ontario’s farming district. We have a narrator who uses words like ambivalent, cognomen and ain’t. There is weak humour (Wm. French calls it Tom Jones rewritten by Charlie Farquharson and, Robert Fulford sees it as a “kind of Canadian Depression version of Huckleberry Finn”.) Granted that novels which deal with any aspects of sexuality in Canada, are about as exciting as the night life in St. Catherine’s, this is not the answer. A put down and crawl over, women, boys, adolescence, fears and frustrations is not worth print space unless they are good. Surely we have had it with vulgarity. Sears himself notes that he is not certain about the motivation beyond a somewhat subjective wish to communicate a -line of ideas largely untouched by Canadian writers. The prospects are inviting and it is time that someone gave voice to a real time, a real age, and the real conflicts. -This is& it. If you are still excited by Penthouse though this may be the book for you. Let’s not push it in the name of the literature. Rugged, brawling, bawdy it is. Filled with the best exponents of all that the wild Irish have come to stand for it is. Harsh, craggy and stark is the central Ontario landscape of Brule County where they live out their violent, self -indulgent lives. Sensitive? Pdrceptive? Accurate? I ~think not. Nevertheless the book does come charging into the grey landscape of what Miriam Waddington has called a “Sad winter in the land of Can. Lit.” Surely we can learn something from the force, the vitality and the enthusiasm that this bull in a china shop, has exhibited.

---A ’ plot going nowhere

The Lark in the Clear Air, by Dennis T. Patrick Sears, McCelland & Stewart, 1974, $6.95.

Theatre. The of Waterloo.

Born in Vancouver in 1925, the son of a “two-fisted saloon fighter” Dennis T. Patrick Sears is by ‘his own admission a scrapper. He doesn’t sound like a nice man. After having witnessed his first killing at six years old he says: “It was simple. Taking a life-it’s a tribal thing. I’m not a gentle man. If another man does you an injustice, you kill him. I don’t depend on the law to handle my troubles.” The publicity blurb goes on to point out that he does have a soft side, a liking for birds, animals and all things connected with nature. Sorry, it doesn’t work. This is Richard Needham with a gunOn McCelland’s encouragement, having read his columns in the Kingston Whig-Standard, the old Family Herald and Star Weekly, Sears makes his literary lark, at 49. About this first novel he feels that this book is not written through the halfblind, rose-coloured remembrances

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Jalousie, Music of the Thirties. Yehudi Menuhin, Stephag+ Grappelg and the Alan Claire Trio. Angei SFO-36968 Albums which are recognised later on I as being turning points or milestones in an area of music sometimes don’t quite live up to their importance historically. When compared to later efforts, they do not-appear to be that impressive. I think that’s very likely to be the fate of Sundown-Gordoti Lightfoot-Reprise Jal’bsie, Music of the Thirties, even MS 2177 though it’s likely to be the door opener It’s a happy thing to be able to report to a whole new branch of light classical the reappearance of an old~ faborite music. artist. That is what this album signals. Basically, it is a revamping of popular Et is possibly the best ever from tunes dating from the thirties, (“Night Lightfqot, with many sqngs even surand Day”, “The Lady is a Tramp”), and passing the high standards of those of some new-er things in the same style, ._ his very first albums. performed by a classical artist, Yehudi It has been a complaint by some Menuhin, with jazz acco%paniment . critics’ in the past that Lightfoot’s style It would not be diffEult to make a has failed to mature along with his fans. better, version than is here. This is . Here he has recorded his most mature unfortunate because Menuhin has done a and expressive album yet. But surgreat deal to widen the scope of classical prisingly his inspiration seems to stem repetoire, by introducing Ravi Shankar dir’ectly from his past efforts. and the sitar. This trail blazing album Gone for the most part are the bouncy will surely be quickly shunted aside by simplistic styles and the, country an4 its copiers. western leanings in his music and voice The album itself seem-s to be mostly which marked his previous couple of improvised and in this field Menuhin albums and replacing it is a renewed % simply can’t keep up with the more musicality and the kind of freshness experienced ad-libbing of the jazz which made him popular in the early ’ violinist, Stephanie Grappelli. Menuhin s sixties. sounds scratchy and unsure and in, If this album -gets the attention and places near lost. As a reshlt the pieces airplay it deserv& I think it’s very likely don’t sound together and much potentialto regain for Lightfoot the stature and enjoyment is lost. popularity as an artist he obviQusly -pete smith .-

Plays not’ gay “I have known homosexuals for five years of my life. . . I have found much love in their friendship and I tidmire them greatly. I admirb their courage, their strength, their patience, and most of all, their love of life. None of this has 8 changed my heterosexuality or my identity. It only hurts to know that so many heterosexuals condemn something. they know nothing about. By condemning homosexuality, my heterbsexuality is condemned. Being gay or straight is only realizing that we all are searching for the same thing. ’ someone, some person t’o share our lives and o&r dreams, because no man or woman can conquer loneliness .I’ On March 14, 15, and 16, Jude Cave11 Connell presented a graduation project composed of three one act plays by John Burgess. She did a competent job of directing A Statement on Homosexuality and the small audience apparently enjoyed the portrayal, of a particular type of homosexual lifestyle. All three plays aYe ~somewhat dated, and therefore cannot be classed as ‘gay plays’. The characters in each one have difficulty accepting their sexual orientation and seem to get themselvies into very awkward aid incredible situations. Ships That-Pass in the Night, the reader’s theatre play, is a perfect example of this. A well arranged multimedia format dealt quite humanely with I the park ‘pick--up’ scene. However, one man cannot cope with his reactions and shut his eyes at the wrong time while driving, thti managing to get killed. The loneliness and hostility against straight society is heavily emphasized but the characters are at least believable and human, which is more than can be said of such “h?5?nosexual classics” as Boys in the Band and The Killing of

Sister - George. One effective diversion from the norm employed by Connell was a tape played during the intermission in which two lesbians and a gay man discuss attitudes and prejudices. Unfortunately, _it was obvious that the audience was not really listening to the content and/or had not -dealt with their own feelings about the sexual continuum, for the comments heard ranged from “that’s disgusting” to “give her six months with a good man and she will straighten out”. It really seems impossible’ fdrr the majority of human beings to accept the fact that a homosexual person, could actually choose to ljve that- way. It is probably’ better, as far as the general public is concerned, to keep homosexuality in a safe fictional _ setting portrayed by “normal” actors, and to keep the material in a sad ending syndrome for everyone believes (or appeari to) that there is no such thing as a ‘happy homosexual. A point of criticism that is well worth noting is that the actors themselves seemed totally incapable of expressing a natuial easiness with those people with whom they were involved. The few stereotypes were not well pulled off and the attempts at tackiness flopped badly. Also the- scen’e where the two men embraced in the second play was20 rigid and stilted it was farcical. Perhaps the actors should have expended the energy necessary to better acquaint themselves with the gay subculture to enable them to flow with their rolei with more ease. John Buries& the author, won critical acclaim in 1968 with Stranger to My Brethern as best Canadian play; however, since that time little has been done with his material. It is high time that more ‘gay’ plays, novels I etc.- were introduced to the masS ’ audience. Homosexuals can and do lead happy, normal, and productive lives; and it is hoped that writers like Mr. Burgess will recognize this and continue to write, but in a more liberated fashion. Congratulations Jude and friend_s for an excellent evening’s entertainment. -margaret murray

94.1

Grandriver Cable Friday March 22 1: 30 Music-Bruce Armstrong 4:30 Ford Hall Forum-Judith Crist, noted film critic speaks on Much Ado about Pornography 6:30 Music-John Robertson 9 :30 Shawn Phillips Live en Spectacle, Produced by ‘CHOM-FM, Montreal ’ li :00 Music-Ian Layfield

Saturday march 23 1:30 Music 4:30 Festival of Religion Part IV 5 :30 Boogie w’ith John Hess 6:30 The Bod and’ the Bard 9:30 Big Band and Dixieland produced by Steve Hammil 11 :QO The Mutant Hour -Sunday March 24 ’ 10 :00 Portuguese Music 12~00 Musique with Sillion Gardait 1-:30 Music-Donna Rogers 4:30 Soviet Press Review-a weekly roundfby of world events as reported by Russian - newspapers 4:45 Belgian Press Review . 5 :00 Shawn Phillips Live en Spectacle from CMOM-FM 6:30 Music-Chris Lowe 81 Paul Demenok - 9: 30 Federation Report by APT , ,11:00 Music-Greg Bewsh , Monday March 25 1:OO Sports Report 1:30 Music-Brian Chadwick I 4:30 Ford Hall Forum-Herman _Kahn talks on defense research 6:30 Funky Soul with John Williams 9 :30 Sports Report s \ 10:00 H-HELP Conference-This week Housing with Paul Ringer, Di.rector of Community Renewal Development Department, City of Toronto 11 :OO- Music-John Dale ’ Tubsday March 26 1:30 Music-Lorne Goldblum 4: 30, Confederation of National Trade Unions-A History Part Two 5 :45 The Arts in Belgium

6: 00 BBC World Report,* 6: 15 Rest of the News 6:30 Music-Ivan Zendel 9:30 To Be Announced 1l:OO Jazz with Baruch Zone *The British General Election pkduced no overall majority.for any party. 37 members were elected from various minority groups-Liberals, Welsh and Scottish Nationalists and Northern Ireland Loyalists. \ Why this upsurge of minorities? Was it a byproduct of ‘disillusion with the two main political parties or does it represent a new pattern in British politics. In this edition of BBC World Report, you hear the voices of Liberal and Scottish Nationalist spokesmen; reports on the rise of Scottish Nationalism by Donald MacLeod; an account of the special situation among the Northern Ireland MP’s by Brendan Keenan in Belfast; and comments on the prospects for the minority parties by lvor Crewe, from the University of Essex. Wednesday March 27 . 1:30 fvlusic-Dean Purves 4: 30 Soviet Press Review ’ 4:45 Belgian Press Review 5 :00 The Chinese Revolution with James Endicott + I 6 :30 Music-G&-t-y Forwell 9:30 The Phantoin Announcer 1l:OO Music-Al Anderson *James Endicott was born iri China in 1898, returned to Canada when he was eleven, - completed his education, and then returned to China as a missionary. Remaining in China until 1947, James Endicott served as an-advisor to Chiang-Kai-Shek, and as a researcher for the American intelligence. In a talk given at Renison College James Endicott explains how he became disillusioned with the Kuomintang and what be felt about the Chinese Revolution. Thursday March 28 1: 30 Music-Jim Morris 4: 30 Federation Report produced by Bill Culp 5 :00 Systems Approach to Energy 6 :00 BBC World Report 6 : 15 Rest of the News 6:30 Music-Ted Szepielewicz 10:00 Guitar Magazine Presents Chet Atkins, Jerry Reed, Jose Feliciano, Eric Clapton, TBone Walker, John Williams and Dot Watson 10: 30 Project Echo 1l:OO Music-Brian O’Neil SPECIAL NOTICE-STARTING MONDAV \MARCH 25th CKWR-FM WILL BE BROADCASTING AT 98.7 ON THE FM BAND, FROM 8 TO 11 PM. SOME OF RADIO WATERLOO’S PROGRAMMING WILL BE HEARD ON CKWRFM.

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Of all the burdens imposed on women by class society, the crime of rape is most surrounded by myth, prejudice and emotion. For many years, people thought rape was committed only rarely. Contributing. to this, perhaps the majority of victims believed they themselves were to blame for the crime, that they “provoked” the violenceand they did not report it. They felt it was better to hide their “shame”., I -What are the facts about rape? These ’ conduct. . .is improper, immaterial, attacks on women rose by a staggering 93 irrelevant and prejudicial and violates the percent in the 1960s. In 1972, some 46,500 victim~s right to privacy.” While the were reported. judge allowed the victim’s past to be But the total number of rapes, according to the best estimates, are 10 or 15 questioned, he did refuse to give, the normal-cautionary instruction to the jury. times the actual number reported. The In one of the first victories for rape vicFBI estimates a rape is committed every tims in this area, he said: “I find that the 21 minutes in the U.S. The act ranks as giving of such an instruction in this case is one ‘of the FBI’s three violent crimes against the person, along with murder and unwarranted. . . that it , arbitrarily discriminates against women,,denies them aggravated assault. equal protection of the law and assists in - Reporting a rape is a humiliating‘ experience. The Velvet Fist, a Toronto the brutalization of rape victims by providing an unequal balance between women’s paper, reported on one typical theirrights and the rights of the accused post-rape experience: “She was asked to tell her story four times, right out in the in co&t.” Until the laws are changed and until the street while- her assailant was escaping. attitude of the police and courts change Later she was taken to the police station where she was asked the same questions toward rape victims, their plight may be summed up by Michael Juviler, head. of again. She was contacted twice in the next the appeals- bureau in Manhattan; “I week by the police. Once at two in the morning and once at four in the morning. think it’s generally known that the woman In her words: ‘The rape was probably the becomes the defendant in a, rape case. least traumatic incident of the whole They get it from the police, they get it in court, ,they get it from the di&rict atevening. If I ‘m ever raped again I wouldn’t report it to the police because of torney and then if there’s aI trial they really get it from the defense attorney. I all the degradation.’ .” can think of easier ways for a woman to Rape is also one of the most difficult get revenge.” By “revenge”, he was crimes. to prosecute and convict. The referring to the sexist foundation of victim must prove the male used force, today’s rape laws. They are so tough that she resisted and that there was penetration. If any of the three conditions because it is believed most rape charges are false, made “all the time” by is absent -for example if she ‘does not “hysterical, vindictive women.” resist or if there are no traces of l Myth; Rape is the result of a sudden, struggle-she was not raped according to the law. _ uncontrollable passion on the part of the man, an inherent instinct in the male Also, the judge must tell the juryunder a law that applies to no other crime temperament that must be accepted, even though it is unpleasant. Fact: Menachem and which clearly discriminates against Amir noted in his detailed study, “Patwomen2 to weigh her charges carefully terns of Forcible Rape, ” that nearly all because rape is an easy charge to make. rapes are planned. Ninety percent of During the trial, the- woman’s past sex ‘experience and personal life may be group rapes are planned; 83 percent of rapes by two men are planned, and 56 questioned. Last month in California, percent of rapes by one man against a American ~Civil Liberties Union attorney woman are planned. This dispels any Jill Jakes protested that the cross belief that the man “suddenly lost conexamination of her client, a rape victim, “regarding her past and present sexual trol.”

- Explaining biased . c rape laws _’ . --\

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‘0 Myth: Rape is a crime that is rarely committed. Fact: Rape is one of- the oldes , forms of class domination of women. It has its roots in the dawn of class society, when the system of private property and the subjugation of women came simultaneously into being. Some of the increase noted recently is due to women reporting the crime more often and refusing to be silent. But- the increase is also due to the growing decadence of capitalist society., l -Myth: The woman provoked t-he rape or , “really wanted it”. Fact i This is a malesupremacist, myth that has made women feel guilty for the crimes the men committed against them. No woman wants to be raped. The truth was expressed by a spokeswoman for a New York anti-rape group who said recently: -“Basically, woman is seen as a piece of property for men to do with however they see fit. Woman is ultimately the property of . man.” l Myth: The most frequent instances of rape include a Black man violating a white woman. Fact: According to. Amir, 90 percent of rapes are committed against women who are of the same race as the man. A survey in the, New York Times in January 1972 showed that in 4 percent of reported cases, a white man raped a Black woman and in 3 percent of the cases, a Black man raped a white woman. The myth of the Black man attacking the white woman has its origin in the days after reconstruction in the South, when the white plantation owners made their successful attempt to regain political and economic control of the South. They ‘knew, wrote the Southern Patriot, organ of the Southern ‘Conference Educational Fund, “that the key to regaining control was to break up the united Black and white people’s movements. . . The rape charge. . . terrorized Black communities because the cry of rape usually led to lynchings. It was used to kill and jail

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Black leaders (and) from that point on hundreds of Black men were lynched and, executed for supposedly raping white women. ” Before 1877, says the Patriot, rape had no racial significance. For many years, the traditional civillibertarian position - now changing insisted the rape, laws be kept as tough as possible in order to defend men, particularly Black men, against the alleged frequent false charges made by women. This argument, held by some leftists as well; is based on all the myths fostered by male supremacy. It “blames” women for ’ prosecuting for rape and for supposedly dividing the people’s struggles. But if the false accusations of rape, particulary against Black men in the South, are examined, it can be seen that their general basis is male supremacy and white supremacy, not female “vindictiveness” or “desire for revenge.” * Today’s, women’s movement is beginning to generate some changes in ~ archaic rape laws aroung the world. In New York state last month a new rape bill went into effect, after much pressure from women that eliminates the “corroboration”, requirement; Previously unlike rules of evidence for any - other crime-every aspect of the rape had to be . witnessed by a third party or there could be no prosecution. Another symptom of the change is the two studies of rape that appeared on national television in the last two months. ‘Although the CBS production of “Cry Rape” ended up sympathizing as much ’ with the “plight” of the rapist as -with that of the victim, and NBC’s “A Case of Rape” seemed to indicate a working-class and minority jury wasn’t sensitive enough to understand the rape of a middle-class woman (thus \ fostering the division between the women’s movement and the - working class), both films explored in a serious way what to now had only been dealt with on a sensational level in films. r-- -__~---- In the end, the only -way to reduce and eliminate rape is to end the inequality of women. As long as women’s major responsibilities are in the home ‘and as long as they are~economically dependent on men, their oppression will include rape. As the women’s movement has pointed out time and again, rape is only the most violent form of the thousands of indignities to which women are subjected . every day due to their psition as secondclass citizens under class society. . -repee blakken from the Guardian

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*continued from page 21 ‘And thirdly, if there is another program ,you would like to see Nick,. why don’t you try to initiate it instead of being just a shit disturber? Eric Robinson AAB fed rep.

The March 8 editorial did not state that “students in general will vote yes for anything that is proposed”, nor did it imply that students do not have the brains to decide what they are willing to pay for. It is,’ however, an important point that, in the absence of a proffered alternative, the arena proposal must certainly look more inviting than it would otherwise, and also that if the arena passes, students will be -reluctant to fund doubly subsequent programs. Thus the editorial advised students to vote r= case something ‘no’, not “in better comes along”, but in order to allow time for a thorough re-examination of priorities. . Granted, ice time has been unavailable, the wheels have ground slowly, and inflation strikes everywhere.. These - facts carry .weight, but so does the consideration that if the arena is built, it is unlikely that any other student-funded program will be initiated for the next fifteen years. Certainly nothing will be gained by waiting for ideas to pop out of the air; what is needed is a concerted and creative effort on the part of both students and administration, to actively seek out. alternate possibilities to the arena before going ahead with any ambitious project of this nature-the lettitor.

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. friday,

march

22,

the chevron

7974 .

Would you buy a-:used spe -ech ? 0

Our - drama -defended,

So that’s the background to ‘Godot’. No, there’s a little more to it than that. One student laid into me for aiming at a ‘professional ‘programme’ in the Humanities’. It is true that, in student addition _ -to the programme, Professor Gordon McDougall and myself had wanted to do a three weeks’ season of ‘Waiting for Godot’, ‘The Caretaker’ and ‘Long days journey into night’I have been concerned that no professional English speaking drama is offered over the entire year of the Cultural Programme Centre’s offerings. I proposed that, in the interests of ‘town-gown’ relations the profits from this season would go towards the fundraising campaign for the K-W Convention Arts C,entre. Dr. Cornell-then’ Dean of Artsapproved. Dr. Matthews didn’t so I dropped’it. ‘Godot’ could be seen as a vestige of that scheme. At that bruising, hectic and utterly irrational ‘symposium’ I found I dould not fend any better for myself than to stonewall, any indignant rebuttal (and that’s how I felt) would have incited more crazy slinging.. Another charge made on that occasion was that I had denied students time for projects on the stage of ‘The Humanities’. In fact they’ve had more time available since I took over the ‘Humanities’ and this was made pretty clear two weeks later when, in a much more collected atmosphere, I asked students to adumbrate their complaints. So what, in the hell, is going on over in the Drama Divison? Some good plays for a start. But there’s a sub-text to be explored., If any university journalist wants to know some of the matte$s that haven’t surfacedin rumour or reportage-why not make an . expedition into our quarters. Having just bowed out as Director of the Drama Division (I am still Director of the Humanities’ Theatre) I’d like to finish with a couple of assertions which I think are factual: Drama Division students now have more opportunity to use the Theatre of the Arts and extracurricular students to use the Humanities’. I don’t claim to have initiated this movement but I’ve given it a good shove. An audit of the Drama Division’s finances would show that our books balance nicely and that there’s been no overspending. Ditto the Humanities Theatre. Peter O’Shaughnessy Director Humanities Theatre

I was grateful to Ellis Fenn for his (her?) recantation of the implicit criticism of my ‘rule’ as Drama Director of the Division-a post which I recently stepped down frem. But such an abject tone was not really called for. I can’t really blame Ellis Fenn. . How did he get the wrong end of the stick? Not, I feel sure, by groping in the dark. Have I denied the students of the Drama Division their fair share of participation in plays over the past year? Surely it would seem that I have: Rumour and reportage in the University press would have it so. Ellis Fenn did have some plausible looking ‘facts’ on which to base his comment: A month ago ‘The Gazette’ (or was it ‘The Chevron’?) reported on a sym-, of the posium on ‘the ‘state theatre arts at this University’ held in the ‘Humanities’ in which Drama students certainly did lay into me so as to give a stray observer the impression that I was conducting the affairs of the Drama Division in a fashion inimical to their interests. ‘\ Since I had been criticised as having planned too onerous a prbgramme of student participation in the last year at the expense of students’ academic work I admit to having felt giddy (was I suddenly precipitated into the middle of a situation that belonged to ‘The theatre of the absurd’?) at the charge pressed on me of having denied them enough participation. Ellis Fenn has furnished new ‘facts’ about participation which seem to justify me but, regrettably, they’re not accurate enough. However, I won’t get sidetracked into that. In general the point he made is right. There has been a substantial increase in Drama student participation over the : past year. And this is largely my doing. Well, how did the contrary impression gain ground? I had wanted to do ‘The Dream Play’ of Strindberg in February. This would have called for a large cast of studentsabout forty. Only ten students came along to auditions so I had to abandon the project. I have been told that many students of Drama the Division boycotted production. Why? One student told me it was because they didn’t ‘approve’ of my selection of the play. Another student view was that I’d been such a hard taskmaster in ‘Troilus and Cressida’ (please don’t accept it as a matter of fact that I was) that Drama students didn’t want to work for me; I decided to ‘throw in’ a play which I have In the feedback column of directed several times before Friday, March 15, chevron, there since I thought I could mount it was a vicious attack made on the at short notice. Moreover it seemed healthy that Maurice \ Pizza Palace on-campus outlet Dave Boxwell. Evans (from the other side of and myself, ’ I want totake this opportunity campus) and myself should get to thank all my fellow workers together in a joint effort. Thus and the many, many students ‘Waiting for Godot’. Thus three professional actors ‘usurped’ who defended me against this pack Of lies. ’ ’ David Boxwell student rights: myself, ’ Maurice Evans and Carl Gall. ,

’ Campus I pizza defekded

%’Boxwell defended I feel compelled to comment upon Leo Burosch’s letter to the chevron on March X,1974. I find his accusations and inferences regarding Dave Boxwell &d’ the Pizza Palace operations on campus ‘to be a severe misalignment of the truth. I seriously question Mr. Burosch’s / motives. Burosch worked at the Palace evenings apexactly 2 proximately six months ago, neither of which was a Friday or Saturday evening. Howthen does he justify claims to familiarity with those night’s operations at the campus outlet? Indeed how can anyone form any valid opinions about any business operation, having had only ten hours experience in that business? Having been affiliated with Dave Boxwell and the Palace organization for the past three -years, both on a full-time and part-time basis, I feel more than qualified to unreservedly challenge Mr. Burosch’s slanderous attack as being totally without basis or fact. I am confident that all other employees would support my view. Further, I challenge Burosch, or anyone else to prove that any competitor in the twin cities uses higher quality food products in their pizzas than does the Palace for pizza. I close with one question. Could it be that Mr. Leo Burosch is now in the confidential employ of another local competitor in the Twin Cities? R. G&t Foster

Students defended I would like to comment upon the editorial written by Nick Savage that appeared on the second last page of the March $ edition of the chevron discussing the arena referendum to be voted upon by the student in a few days. His point was that students in general will vote yes for anything that is proposed be it an arena, an extended pub or even a denticare program. In other words it seems t0 me that he is saying that students do not have the brains to decide what they are willing to pay for. He concluded that students should vote “no” so that we are not rushed into building the arena in case something better comes along. I have three points to make. Firstly, there has been no ice time available in the whole K-W area since November, thus there is a strong need for a facility. Secondly, the political and economic process of reaching a decision whether to build an arena or not has been so slow that it has taken seven months ~just to hold the student voting referendum alone. With construction costs increasing at 15 pertent per year, a million dollar complex last September would cost an additional $80 ,OOO/ today. continued

on page 20

\i __ ., ’

In the midst of the typical journalistic brouhaha surrounding the so-called ‘Watergate scandal’, replete with the specious I mouthings of self-appointed mountebanks and eggheaded prophets of doom, the chevron would like to go on record as a witness for the defence. All politicians have human flawsthose Y endearing foibles and eccentricities which are the secret of humanity’s lasting greatness, and the key to its domination over those species whom God has ordained shall be too stupid to err. Richard Milhous Nixon is no exception to this rule; but neither is he an exception to the Divine Law that we should forgive the transitory failings of our fellow mortals. How much more true this is, when rumourmongers of every political stripe vie with one another to besmirch the highest .freely-elected authority on this earth, and to exaggerate his weaknesses out of all proportion to theirhistorical importance, which can only be assessed when all the facts are Ian. To illustrate Richard Nixon’s true attitude towards the presidency, America, and the free world, the chevron is proud to present the following excerpts from a speech given by the president, shortly before his election, on the 19th day of September, 1968:

In the watershed year of 1968, therefore, America needs presidential leadership that can establish - a firm focus. . . this requires leadership that believes in law, and has the courage to enforce I it; leadership that believes in justice, and is determined to promote it. . . *

The president. has a responsibility to tell them-to lay out all the facts, and to explajn not only why he chose as he did but also what ft means for the future. Only through an open, candid dialogue with the people can a presidentlmaintain his trust and his leadership. It’s time we o*nce* again had an open administration-open to ideas from the people and open in its communication with the people-an administration of open doors, open eyes and open minds. This I pledge,* *that i*n ~a Nixon administration,! America’s citizens will not have to break the law to be heard, they will not h ave to shout or resort to violence. When questions*of human survival may ‘turn on the judgement of one man, he must have time to concentrate on those great decisions that only he can make. One means of achieving this is by expanding,the role of- the Vice Presidentwhich I wiil do. I also plan a reorganized band strengthened Cabinet, and a stronger White House staff than any yet put together. n The president’s c?hie; function is...to put the right people in charge, to ‘provide them with basic guidance and direction, and to let/them do the job...This requires surrounding the Pres,ident with _men of stature, including young men,.and giving ‘them responsibilities commensurate with that stature. Officials of a new Administration have to check their consciences d,oor, or leave their powers dependent judgement at home. l

will1 not at the of in-

the

friday,

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SELLING

This, the first of a series of three articles in which Terry Moore investigates the facts behind the current information available on the energy crisis. The second part to be published next week wilL analyse Canada’s role within the continental energy scheme. The third to be published in two weeks time will consumption, waste and investigate alternative energy sources. JLong line-ups at service stations, schools and houses without heating oil, the automobile -and airline industries laying off thousands of workers.. .To ask ‘is there really an energy the question, a such background of crisis? ’ , against apparent social disruption, appears silly if not completely absurd. However, the evidence leading to the conclusion that the crisis is a fabricated one, is overwhelming. ?o hear President Nixon tell the story, the United States is of 20 per suffering from a “short-fall” cent of its daily petroleum requirement. He further argues that the Arabs are mostly to blame for this situation, even though the oil industries own American Petroleum Institute has published figures on sources of oil supply which indicate that. only 3 per cent of America’s domestic needs are dependent on Arabian sources. Emma Rothschild, writing in the Jan. 24,1974 issue of ‘The New York Review of Books’, describes Senator Henry Jackson’s Investigation subcommittees’ findings on the history of recent oil I shortages as follows; “In the spring of 1970 there were excess gasoline stocks and consequent price wars; in March and June of 1971 both industry and government warned of an impending shortage of refinery capacity; but in 1972 the oil companies sharply reduced their use of existing refinery capacity, and this was a major cause of. the fuel shortage.” The subcommittees’ findings indicate how pathetic the intervention of U.S. federal ‘agencies was. Corporate executives offered wildly contradictory views of the crisis. Prices were regulated in ‘such a way that companies found incentives to produce too little heating oil and’too much gasoline in the winter of 1972-73, and too much heating oil by the 1973 driving season. Lack of information about the state of the industry confounded any attempts at energy planning. At the height of the current crisis, supposedly -generated by the Arab embargo, planners in the U.S. as well as most other developed nations, were unable to discover which companies tankers were where, with what cargo, from which nation. General Geo. A. Lincoln, director of the U.S. Office of Emergency Preparedness, was forced to demand information from government and corporate planners in November of 1972. He eventually was informed by the American Petroleum Institute that the low utilization of refinery capacity was largely due to “turnaround, inspection, routine repairs, and mechanical problems”.

Economists Ackerman and MacEwan, in an article entitled Energy and Power in the January issue of the Monthly Review, argue. further that the Arab embargo or cut-back has -had no meaningful impact on the reality of oil supplies, and shortages. “The selective boycott of the United States (and a few other countries) has no substance because U.S. imports could be made up by diversion of oil from non-Arab suppliers while Arab oil is switched to other countries .” Indeed, it now appears that the U.S. has been receiving Arab oil in spite of the much publicized embargo. Libya, for example, has been leaking oil through the OPEC- boycott, although the exact figures on the quantity remained locked in industry files. It is known for certain, however, that 700,000 barrels of Libyan oil was shipped to U.S. refineries last December alone. With the Arab Oil embargo gradually weakening as the main rational for the crisis, the oil industry has begun to mutter something about a ‘lack of However when the refinery capacity’; capacities of existing U.S. refineries are added to those of the new refineries which the industry has built in the Bahamas (500,000 bpd.),and the Caribbean Islands of Aruba (460 ,OOObpd .) , and Curacao (360,000 bpd.) , the sum or ‘supply’ miraculously equals demand. The U.S. governments own Bureau of Mines has announced (Jan. 74) that supply was in ‘fact ahead of demand and that record stockpiles of all petroleum products were sitting unused. \ (see graph). The question arises, if there is no shortage of supply and refinery capacity why is there an ‘energy crisis’? To answer this it is necessary to find ex-‘ planations to at least the following three questions. 1. What could Oil Companies hope to gain by creating an Energy crisis? 2. What could--the U.S. government hope to gain by the going along with oil I company plans? 3. What was and is Richard Nixon’s interest in the crisis? Since the overall policy formation of the U.S. government is largely centralized in the hands of the President, and the Executive branch, the government’s interest in the ‘Energy Crisis’ is largely synonymous with that of Nixon, although not entirely!’

The oil companies

’

The late 1960’s were difficult times for U.S’. oil companies both domestically and internationally. Their common problems provided the basis for common reaction in the form of a strategy, of which the central tactic has proven to be the creation of fabricated crisis of supply. The overriding goals of this strategy were to simultaneously raise profits, in the short-run and enhance the oil companies long-run ‘power position’. Two kinds of problems of particular importance were causing the oil companies unaccustomed difficulties at the end of the decade. The first problem

--_

arose out of the increasing destruction of the environment . by the companies themselves and the consequent reaction _ among the population in the form of t-he ecology movement. Think back 3-4 years.. .when 1. The Santa Barbara oil spill caused $10-20 million in damage through destruction of wildlife and natural beach areas of California. The public outcry resulted in, a ban on future offshore drilling. r 2. Massive lawsuits by Environmentalists were launched to block the Trans-Alaska pipeline to guard against future massive spills. 3. Senators Kennedy & Muskie were exerting increasing .pressure for the creation of a -duty-free post at Machiasport, Maine. Cheap Middle‘Eastern oil could then slip by industry supported import quotas to alleviate gas and heating oil shortages in New England; thereby jeopardizing high domestic prices. 1 4. The Federal Trade Commission ordered Standard Oil to ‘cease and desist’ its promotion of F-130 additive as ‘false and misleading’, hinting of an industry wide advertising practices investigation. 5. The presidential committee studying oil import quotas, recommended their removal ‘and Congress after four decades of debate lowered the infamous -oil depletion allowance from 27.5 percent to 22 percent. Those were not the days when the oil companies could do as they damned-well pleased. Which is what they were used to doing. A plan of action was needed to rectify the situation, in order to reassert industry dominance of the total energy picture. To expand facilites in the US in the face of . a growing number of environmental restrictions would have raised costs but more importantly would have established a dangerous precident for public intervention in the “private enterprize” of oil. ’ On the other hand, if the industry did nothing, shortages would develop as a ‘natural’ outcome of rising demand, sometime before the mid-1970’s. These shortages could be played up while oil company ads on television demonstrated the industries’ thought.ful concern. Blame for the entire situation would be placed squarely on the shoulders of ‘the public’ (implicitly), the Arabs, and the environmentalists (explicitly). ‘Practical’ tactics could also be utilized to make ‘the crisis appear more realistic to the unbelievers. Ackerman and MacEwan in their Monthly Review article point out that: ’ “The shortages, like some brands of gasoline, have been carefully blended to suit local conditions.” Last summer Colorado was the hardest hit state: stations received their weekly supply of gasoline on Monday and ran out on Tuesday. Colorado also has one of the- strongest ecology movements in the country-a movement which might interfere with

march

22, 1974

future attempts to develop-the rich _ oil shale deposits in the Rocky Mountains.” Colorado also had a much higher than normal number of independent gas stations, which obtained their supplies from independent distributors. After ‘the crisis’ broke; one of the first actions by the oil industry was to severely restrict the sales of gasoline to the independent distributors, on the pretext that there were no surplus stocks available. The second kind of problem facing the oil companies at the end of the 1960’s was the increasingly nationalistic attitudes of the oilexporting nations. In the early 1960’s, these countries had banded together to form The Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC); an effective supply cartel. OPEC demands for larger and larger royalties posed no problems, in and of themselves, the U.S. government having ruled that such increases could be deducted the industries’ domestic taxes. In fact the larger demands could be used as a rationale for normally unjustifyable price increases. What really bothered the oil industry was that they were no longer making all the decisions and therefore in complete command of their supply, situation. Unilateral action on the part of the petroleum exporting nations could establish a dangerous precident for companies with interests spanning the globe. -As Ackerman and MacEwan put it, “The energy scare has created an atmosphere in which the (U.S.) govemment would meet little opposition at home to strong actions in the Middle East. Indeed, an energy scare is just about as good as a red scare.” To summarize, the strategy of sitting tight while advertizing their concern has several beneficial results for the oil industry: it weakens public support for environmental -protection; it helps to drive the independent competition out of business; and it prepares the country for future struggles against Middle Eastern and *Third World Nationalism, particularly as it pertains to resource embargo. The results garnered by the oil industry from the utilization of this strategy are impressive. Congress has passed the necessary enabling legislation for the construction of the Trans-Alaskan pipeline, Nixon has called for the reduction of clean air standards and other bothersome environmental restrictions, and the U.S. military is creating an armed camp in Iran for the preservation of oil company interests. As a bonus, The Small Business Administration has estimated that approximately 1200 independent gas stations went out of business during 1973. alone.’ Looking to the future, Big Oilcan look forward to lessened public resistance to offshore drilling, stripmining for coal (most of the reserves and the coal companies are controlled by the oil corporations), and the tearing up of the Rockies for oil shale. Finally, but certainly not least, Nixon in his various energy messages of the past year has’ promised “an intensive effort” (Pfoject Independence) and in the neighbourhood of. $20 billion of public money for alternative energy development. The environmental costs of offshore drilling, strip mining, and the widespread development of nuclear power plants-are well known. However a publicly supported energy boom will provide a lasting bonanza for powerful energy users ,and for the U.S. oil business, which, with its ‘total energy’ corporations now dominates the coal, oil shale, and uranium industries. 7

The U.S. government--

The U.S. government, in its role as the overall ‘planner’ and enforcer of the shared interests of the American ruling class, has much to gain from the creation of a world-wide energy crisis. In its domestic functions, the government

frid&,

march

shares-‘the industries’ distain for the environmental mtivements’ harassment of the profitable and harmonious exploitation of natural resourses. z ;The &+rgy ‘crisis and its attendant rhetoric is helpful to the dxtent that it assists with the dissemination of‘ the idea that the resppnsibility for wasteful cousumption l&s with the cdnsumer. Government public relations and industry advertisement& havb combined to ‘sell the notion that ‘the people’ are 1 guilty fo,r their gas-guzzling cars, and - energy squandering appliances, as well ’ as for ,desiring to keep their, poorly insulated l&&&es at reasonibly comfortable temperatures. “But t+ big corporations care, and they’re doing all they car!-spite of those greedy Arabs and ecology nu,ts-to solve the -i problem.” _/..i The environmental movement .-challenges the consumer societi&’ energ$use patterns as well as the way in which econp-mic planning takes place. Ever escalating levels of consumption and control over *economic planning within the private sector however, are the mainstays of any political- faction which aspires (reqlistically) to retain \ power within advanced capitalist ‘countries. The long-run political decisions to, ‘I c@struct highways as a opposed to developing efficient mass-transit networks, to tolerate. suburban sprawl rather than engaging in rational urban planningdecisions which . have pryvided the basis for- the long-run profitability of the oil, automobile and .many reIated industriesforce all of us to use a lot of gas&line and electricity in our daily lives. Ackerman and MacEwan p& it to us thisway:. ‘.

\ >

’

“The _ phenomencm is 1called ‘con-sumerism’, and, like everything else, it is blamed ofi tlie people- they’re so lazy buying all those dishwasfiers. ’ But @ a capitalist society the c ntinual desire to increase one’s P material welfare and to seek satisfaction in moren or more commodities is the only’ form of ‘gratification open to most people. The system depribes ps of adding \ me&&g to our lives through work, and social relations are becoining more and more stultified. Small’ / wonder that, colour TV’s, fancy toaster-ovens, and ,‘nothing boxes ’ * seem attractive; -that skimobiles, motorboats, qnd @copd homes (all energy-gobblers of course) tie in, , creasingly popular ways t6 gi3t away from it all, for those who can afford them-and! sotiething tb ‘keep working toward, for, those who r , x can%.” ’ The symbibtic relationship between government and industry should be common knowledge by’.now, if for no other reason than the visible, continuous movement of top manafiement people from corporate boardrooms to government positions and back again. , The most notable example of this, that comes _ readily to mind,. is that’ of the so-called American energy czar William Simoti, a, . former oil cornpa& executive. *me $60.2 million was raised - for - Nixon’s 1972 Presidential campaign dope, the ‘vast preponderance of which came -fiorn corpbrate ‘doiatiotis’. If State, and Municipal Congressional, elections are considered a? well, the figure would amount to an accurate reflection of the importance that business ’ interests place in buying suitable government servants, 40 act on I its behalf, Internatio-nal considergtions also _ wecghed heavily, Lin the .U.S. govern: I ments’ decision to as&St the oil companies with the creation the. ‘energy crisis’. For several years now the U.S. ydnorny. has been under increasing pressure from rival capitalist entities, most notably%$rope and Japan. This . deterioration of U.S. ’ economic hegemony is reflected in the frequently ,recurring ‘monetary crisis’. The U.S., r \

the chevron’

22, IQ74 01 less- dependent _on Ara oil than 1 ment can create support for protective preventative actions to guard agai.&f any othei non-cotimupist country, with similar d&lopments, in the futuke, A the exception bf Canda, ‘has seen its massive military build-up, backed by the cfirrency str&@hened on world markets UIS., is already taking place in Iran and its chpitalist rivals suffer / greater suppose&y to protect the interests of the relative losses in their balance of American ‘oil comp@es in the Middle payments, from higher oil prices.. s@st. Whethe: or not this /Will reinstate the Sales .of military ha,rdkare and tht p&t WWII~ monetary ‘stability’ is a provision of assistance for the training & question for considerable deb‘ate, but it .hdigenous forces in . the use oi certainly h$s reaSserted. U.S. economiti sophisticated weaponry, with the- over* pre-eminence, if only tetipqrarily . J iiding gbal of protect&g American The developments in the’ Middle East; interests, is a much less expensive in the aftermath of the October’war are -metholtl of preserving Amer.ican complementary to this strategy, on the part of the Americans. Stiper-power , hegemony, than the actual ‘dtiploym&t of troops. It has the added advantage as detente seems to be a major goal of the well, of appearing to be more legitimate present American administration. An to the AmerQn peeple, weary of past I eas,hg of tensions would allow the U.S. ‘incursions’ in the defense ‘of the ‘free’ to reduce its ’ military co,p&tments world. (troops) ir&urbpe and in the third world so that long-term economic developmen The milh’ous connection could take place’withdut the necessity of such costly burdehs of empee as the war Richard Nixon’s interests in tht in Viet Nam. The US. involvement in energy crisis are, in part, related to tht the October War tiust be. looked at in specific sector of the Americar this light. bourgeosie ‘which he represents. ,Kirk Stability in the Middle East could patrick Sale, writing in the New York only be guyantee$ if some sort of qeview of Books, has characterized arrangement could be arrived at which ’ F&on’s constituency as, “the ecohomic would minimally satisfy Argb sover&gns of. Atierica’s Southern Rim griecances . Ch+stopher Rand, in an the ‘sunbelt’ -that runs frqm southern art$cle entitled ‘Thd Arabian Fantasy’, Cdifomia, through Arizona and Texas (Harpers Jan. 74), offers the following down to &he Florida Keys.” hypothetical cotiversation as an exThey tend to be new-money &ople planation of the American diplomatic having made their fortunes since ,WWII strategy: in such new industries as aerospace anC defense contractkg, -in oil: natural gas “An American official sympathetic to the Arab cause buGaware of the political and allied businesses, and in real-estate operations during the post-war sunbell \power of the Zionist cause inj the, U.S.

Administration (three of four members of Nixon original ‘Super-Cabinet’ &d the r three : highest domestic affairs, positions) and their preponderance qong. Nh<on’s major financial sup‘porters are two measures of their political power. During both of N+on’si .Presidential Campaigns oil money has accdunted for . ti inordinate percehtage of total contributions collected. ‘fEstimates are difficult to arrive at due to the many ‘loopholes’ in campaign spending laws, and their outright violation during the’ 1972 campaign particularly. However,_ The Citizens Research Princeton has searched

Foundation

the - existing sources and has published h partial list containing the following figures: Gulf Oil $1 million ( Tliq Phipps Family $55,0,00 (Texaco & others) Kent Smith (Lubtiol) $244,000 Francis Cappeirt I $174,000 (Southern Oil) John Paul Getty (Getty Oil) $97,000 . J.J. Shaheen $100,000 (Shaheen Natural Resources) Elisha Walker $lO~,Ooo (PetJ;Oleum Corp. of America) Max Fisher (Marathon Oil) $60,000 Osea Wyatt Family $41,000 (Coastal States Gas) Other major oil donor8 on the CRF lists include Arthur E. Johnson (Midwest Oil), ’ Thomas Papas (EssoPappus), the Pew Family (Sun- Oil), William Liedthe (Pennzoil) , J. A. Vickers (Vickers Petroleum), and H . W. McCollum, Philip Framer, and J. 0. Callender (Amer’ade Hess). The total minimum estimate of the amount collected by the Committee to Reelect the President from Oil interests alone comes to some $5 million, or about one-sixth of the’ amount that *yix& credits Maurice Stans with - having collected from all sources. Throughout his entire political career, ’ Nixon has been financed heavily by such supporters as Union. Oil, -Superior Oil, and Texas ultraconservative H . L. Hunt, who according to Sale, helped to finance his early campaigns through California right-v&ger Henry &&a&i and the Texgs Murchison family. Past connections virith oil interests, t,&ether with the $5 million extracted $rom thg industry during the 19v2 campaign, left Nixon in debt ‘politically to Big Oil. During his l’st term iti office, Nixon, against the recommendations of his bwn ci&l serv?ce, sabotaged the proposed duty-free +ort at Machiasport , Maine, -which the. oil companies feared would lower domestic prices, retained the oil-import ‘quota pro-gram which also kept domestic prices high and pro&ted ’ from foreign, competition, and granted the industry controyersial anti-trust exemption to form .a cartel to bargain with the OPEC nations. During .his second ter&, Nixon has refused to alter the import quota system, in anything but, nominal ways; with all the previously mentioned ramifications. His motives stem from a combination of personal indebtedness to the oil indust& md the previously mentioned interests of the American government b the creation of an ‘eneJgy crisis ’ . _

, population boom. ’ might shrewdly have tionfided as f@lows to a friendly Arab diplomat: if the Arabs Conservativti politically they t&d, tc: be anti-unidh, anti-black, anti-cqnsumel threaten Europe with an oil embargo-. and anti-regulation as well as quite ofter and this threatens NATO and American associated with professional “anti strategic - interests-the American communist’! oqganizations. ’ government would ha,ve no alternative Sale further informs us that, ” . ..thej btit to go befotie its pu”;blic and demand a tend to be without particular concerns more &en-handed policy towards t& of business ethics ant Arabs. . .?The threat of embargo would, - about theniceties morals and therefore to be connectec at the very least, force the American “more than earlier money would hay4 govemm&t to aid in the restitution of thought wise with shady speculations Arab lands occupied by the Israelis i? political influence-peddling, corru@ 1967. Americans might also be .conand even’ orgqnized crime.” strained .i:9 do something about -the I (unions, \ Their political influence hqs increasec Palestinian diaspora.” * & proportion to their economic growth All this would be in exchange for an So&e inroads to national’ tirominencl Arab-Israelis ’ peace treaty, which the, cat’ne ,with the Johnson Presidency, E Zionists ‘no doubt, would not like, but man heavily iri political debt to cob ‘would. be forced to accept. Conseryative servative Texas Oil interests. Wit1 Arab regimes could justify the treaty to Nixon they %have --become lfir&y en their peoples on the basis of restored trenche!, as Sale puts it, “in ’ tht \ Arab honour. bedr,o.oms of political power ir 4’ The oil weapon would bring other \ Washington”. western natibtis tb a niore favourable ’ The number of ttiese “cowboys’ f&reign policy towards the Arabs and actually occupy higb positions ti Nixor increase the pressure on Israel to settle. The AFericans would get the detentethey need as well as a helpful disruption of rival capitalist economies. The Arabs v$ould .get a peace. settlement whidh would help cool-out intirnal demands for war with Israel;. and a much better financial deal for their non-renewable J member: canad/an university press <(CUP) and Ontario weehly newspiper black gold’&sources. ’ ’ assokiat,ion (OWNA). The chqvron is typeset ‘by dumont press graphix %nd The third c6nside;ation of the / published hy the feder@on of students, inco,rporated,) university of Waterloo. ., ’ ’ American government leading to its - Cbntent is the responsibilijy of the chevron staff, independent ‘of the federation. direct complicity in the ‘crisis’ has to do with the ‘long run \ implicdtions L of Offices are located in the campus centre; phone (519) 885-i660,885-i661 or resoukce cartels, symbolized by OPEC. university, local, 2331. 1 d . -- , . What would--happen if, all the copper, j thii week in tke dungeon were linda lounsberry margaret Murray + nidkel, zinc or&a&ite supplying nations bradford.s, fen&, randy hannigan, mark nusca, bob sisler, pati mamelka, tully>ur roving special feature photographer, liskris, paul dull,‘charloot buch‘an, the peanut .‘man, rod yah, Chris bechtel of the world decided to follow .&he lead of dori ballanger, ben macdontild, john morrii, alla! klarrich, neil dunning, darnell cootes, graham; the oil exporting countries?,The fact that aitken, jason, reid glenn, terry moore, mel watts, albert sweetman, david assman, bill culp, Susan ~ many of these countries are economically johnson, nick savage, jack t. chick, bri, fw joe, tony jenkins, and &me people in entertainment that underdeveloped third-world nations, we,re missed fo[ certain-the co-ordinatortor that section has been kidnapped and taken off to nyc, adds a sense of urgency to the situation. Where they are holding her for the [ansom of one ticket to holland. we ‘11never let them have it, you By blamink the OPEC &ions for the /’ ’ can’t le;those.people &et away with such things. after&l!sj. . / present energy shortages the: .goVev-

P / ,

’

Paulcthe .Rebei

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JIMMV-CHRISTIANITY HAS FAILED! l'MGQlNGTOBUlLDA&'WORLD THROUGH REVOLUTION--WECAN'T COEXIST-I NEVERWANTTOSEE YOU 1

* 1 Timothy

AN,DTHE ENDOFPOLICE BRUTALITY,

1: i 5

WHICH ABOUT

: BUT WHOSO SHALL OFFEND ONE OF THESE LITTLE ONES BELIEVE IN ME, IT WERE BETTER FOR HIM THAT A MllLSIONE WERF HANGFD H I S N E C K , A N D THAT H E WERE DROWNED IN THE DEPTH OF THE S E A . MAIT. 18%.

THE REVOLUTION IS UMDERWAV!

The so-called liberation force strikPl‘s’ hard!

MANY ClVltlANS NOW BRING FORTH THEIR CONCEALED WEAPONS. THE REVOLUTIONISTS FACE MORE RREPOWER THAN THEY ANTIU / PATED./

Will Paul live30 see the liberation army- hang the last capitalist . from the entrails of the last bureaucrat? p , Will the liberation army allow ‘god’ freaks like Jimmy to like,

OFwill he also (hang?

.Will the civilians ‘and tt1eir ‘conceaIed’ weapons -destroy the revolution? \ Or will w’ill will- will will will will will? THE I

DEATH

TOLL

For all these -answers-and rnorb, see this page in vext week’s chevron!

MOUNTS! .