Inside THE HORRID EXPERSIMENT. how they ‘do it’ in university * -pages 14 & 15 LASTREVIEWOF LASTTANGO... how they ‘do it’ in Paris -page 23 BRITISH EDUCATION. how they ‘do it’ on the Mistv Isle -page 25 BRASCAN... how a megacorporation ‘does it’ to Brazil -page 26, l
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‘PQ .is not an alternative’ ’ - Chartrand I
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Now that the ballot boxes are neatly packed away for another four-years and the headlines have diminished in size, it has become more apparent that the recent election in Quebec was not a victory for federalism as claimed or that the Parti Quebecois are not a bunch of flaming radicals. In a conversation with members of the federation, the Arab Students association and the Chevron before his speech last Thursday, Michel Chartrand dismissed the election results as bringing substantial change to the province of Quebec. “There’s nothing changed except there are ‘more people who are for the independence of Quebec and for a better, a more honest government,” said the president of the Montreal Council of the confederation of national trade unions KNTU). “They came from twenty-three to thirty percent which is a very high percentage of increase for the Parti Quebecois. As far as the number of seats is concerned, it doesn’t mean anything except that this electoral system is no damn good. It is not democratic, never was.” Although Chartrand talked with
pleasure about the growth of a socialist movement in Quebec, he did not link it with the Parti Quebecois which he labelled a reformist party. “It is not an alternative to the liberal government. We have a party with social welfare already. If you stay in the capitalist system, what do you achieve-two cars instead of one and a skidoo and a yacht? “The Parti Quebecois budget is the same kind as the one we have now-over sixty percent of the taxes are paid by the low wage earner, but they use it a little differently, that’s all.” Not one of the other parties running in Quebec before the election-the Liberals, Social Credit and Union Nationaletalked about the benefits of confederation, he said. Instead people voted for the 1 Liberal Party because of political blackmailliterature was circulated that said family allowance and old age pension cheques would be cut off because they came from the federal government. The Bourassa government also tried to provoke hospital workers
into striking, Chartrand accused. Hospital cafeterias were closed during the night, as were parking lots. “There was some occupation of the hospitals, the cafeteria, the management offices and so on. Management called the police but the workers were aware that it was a provocation. Bourassa wanted them to go out so he could use the matter again like in May 1972 and say, see I am restoring peace and order and they are taking the patients as hostages. “But this time the workers were’ aware this was a provocation and they put up a fight. The workers are much more conscious of what is going on. They don’t fight one plant by one plant, they know they have to fight all together, all the time. It’s not like Chile yet, but it’s building up. “It may take 25 years, but this is a very short period to build a real working class mentality and philosophy. ” Chartrand was critical of the Parti Quebeaois for diluting the idea of an independent Quebec. The PQ has tried to become more acceptable although as a third party it should be more radical than the others. “But they are doing the same thing as the NDP; they want to replace the other parties. So now they have replaced the Union Nationale. They are very pleased, some of them. But the rank and file is not very pleased about it, because they want them to be more radical. ” People in the CNTU are working on a socialist movement, not a party, Chatrand said. If people want a working class party, they may support it but won’t be instrumental in building it. In some ways Chartrand seemed to welcome the increase in votes for the Parti Quebecois although he was under no illusions about the continued, page 2
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Chilean junta retains power
Santiago (CUP-PL )-The Chilean military junta proclaimed recently that it will retain its power at least until the middle of next year and called up army and air force reservists to help prevent any possible opposition. The junta’s increased entrenchment appears to arise from fears of growing resistance. Labour minister General Mario MacKay also announced recently the elimination of all forms of union organiza tions. The military intelligence service announced that it discovered two “guerilla training schools” in farming districts. A daily newspaper that serves as a junta mouthpiece stated that with this action the army “dismantled an insurrectional plan in the region.” However, a “strange accident” was reported when one army corporal was killed and another “A non-commissioned wounded. officer’s gun went off by mistake,” was the explanation. Top officers of the militarized police force also revealed that 12 large bombs and large numbers of explosive charges had been found on a main railroad. The tense atmosphere at night in the capital, with its extreme security measures and reinforcement of troops and tanks is due, according to official sources, to the transfer of prisoners from the national stadium to other parts of the country. * Rooftops of public buildings have been occupied by the military at night apparently to prevent resistance actions. The curfew is in effect from eleven at night to six in the morning. In a speech before the Andean labour ministers’ meeting here,
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party as being more than social democratic or perhaps not even that far to the left. The people of Quebec have never been as conservative as people thought they were, he claimed, they got kicked in the pants by the Conservatives and the Liberals so they tried something else. He was highly critical of the PQ in toning down their stated policy of separation and in trying to appear to be “safe” to woo votes aw.ay from the other three parties. But still he saw the election as an increase in number of ‘those who are for an independent Quebec and for a better government. Chartrand is convinced that BThile independence is important for Quebec that independence cannot take place without socialism in Quebec. This is “because in Canada there are political and constitutional problems intertwined with
MacKay declared there “will not be any union elections or assemblies. Wage increases are cancelled and the trade union federation is outlawed.” Obviously nervous, the general claimed that “no labour leader has been arrested or persecuted. Some extremists were labour leaders and in that case they’re treated as criminals.” MacKay, who is also a general of the paramilitary police, disclosed that the present labour code will be modified and a new wage system established. The delegates from the Peruvian unions walked out in protest at the “suspension of labour freedoms in Chile and the outlawing of the trade union federation.” The junta has also imposed strict censorship on books and films w*hich are supposedly of Marxist influence. The “sale or reading” of 400 books have been prohibited, ranging from works on economics and history to novels. The Mexicau by Jack London was censored because its prologue was considered “subversive” and because it “supported Darwin’s theory of the survival of the fittest,” according to a statement by the lawyer for the Chile editorial administrative council. Indications of the junta’s overzealous efforts to crush socialism are reflected in a report by a Spanish correspondent. Inquisitors searched his colleague’s house and seized a book entitled Cubistn because they thought the work referred to Cuba. (Cubism is a school of modern art.) Madame Hortensia Bussi de Allende, the widow of the late president of Chile, Salvadore Allende, will be in Toronto in late November. Her tour will include stops in lOttawa, Montreal and Quebec City as well as some possible extensions depending on other committments. Isabelle Allende, one of the late president’s daughters, has confirmed that she will visit western Canada in late November or early Decem her. economic problems. We don’t know where the power is in Canada-whether it is in Queen’s Park, in Quebec, in Victoria or anywhere else or in Ottawa. This is one thing we don’t know. Nobody wants us to know either, and we call this democracy. It is bullshit all around whether it is Davis here or Bourassa there.” Chartrand admitted that the socialist movement is a small one in Canada, but he said it was building. “I was here in Waterloo in 1968 and I said the labour movement would be socialist and that our long-range aim was to eradicate capitalism from our society. It was a scandal at that time. Now the CNTU and even the Quebec Federation of Labour say they want to change the society and they don’t believe we should be run by Bay Street or St. James Street or the United States and be just a bunch of puppets.” -deanna
kaufman
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- Morgentaler wiris first acquittal in court battle Dr. Henry Morgantaler has won the first battle in his effort to overturn abortion laws in Canada. A Montreal jury of 11 men and one woman acquitted him of performing an illegal abortion after Morgantaler’s defense had based the case on Article 45 of the ’ criminal code. Article 45 says a surgical operation can be performed with criminal impunity if the operation is deemed “a medical necessity” for the benefit of the patient. Morgantaler says any doctor who aborts a woman in Canada in the future can use a similar defense. “This is a first in Canadian jurisprudence,” he said at a gathering of friends and supporters. “From now on, any doctor who has committed an abortion can invoke Article 45.” Crown prosecutor Louis Robichaud said shortly after the
Alcan slave.holders KINGSTON (CUP&-The Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan) is paying less than subsistence wages to blacks in South Africa, Hugh Nangle, deputy editor of the-Montreal Gazette, told students here recently. Nangle was expelled from South Africa for writing seven articles on Canadian industries there. He siad that, of the’ 706 blacks working at Alcan, 708 are paid wages lower than the poverty datum lme. This is the minimum wage necessary to maintain good health and good standards on the barest budget. It includes no allotment for entertainment, not even the price of a newspaper. Wages average $131.90 a month. This is direct contradiction to the company’s proclamation ‘that “Alcan realizes people are the company’s most valuable asset.” He noted that a large proportion of the blacks in South Africa are forced to work in white areas where they do not have basic rights and must carry special permits to move from one area to another. They also are not permitted to vote-or to form trade unions, he added. Industries such as Ford of Canada, Bata Industries Ltd., IVTassey Ferguson Sun Life of Canada, Alcan and Falconbridge Mines Ltd., have invested about 100 million dollars in South Africa, Nagle said.
Court of Queen’s Bench jury brought down its verdict that an appeal was imminent. Irvin Leibman, assistant to defense lawyer Claude-Armand Sheppard, said the constitutionality of the abortion law, because of the Morgantaler case, will go right ot the Supreme Court of Canada. Dr. Morgantaler said he is planning to offer his services and his clinic to both provincial and federal governments. “I’d like to see the day when abortions are carried out with dignity, under medically safe conditions . ’ ’ Dr. Morgantaler faces several other charges of performing illegal abortions, hearing of which has been postponed at least until March in anticipation of appeals resulting from the trial just concluded. During his four-week trial, the gynecologist testified he performed between 6,000 and 7,000 abortions since the end of 1968, including the one for which he was on trial. Although he faced a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, he said he didn’t have the slightest regret in performing any of the abortions and said they were carried out with a low complication rate. The jury returned twice to the courtroom during its deliberation to ask for clarification on points of law from Mr. Justice James Hugessen. They asked for detailed instructions on the application of reasonable doubt and what the verdict should be if they were “doubtful on one or two” of the four elements of the defence’s case. Mr. Justice Hugessen said the four defence elements were: Was it a surgical operation? Was it performed for the benefit of the patient? Was it performed with reasonable care and skill? Was it reasonable to perform it having ragard to the state of health of the patient? The bench advised the jurors they must have doubt in favour of the accused on all four points for acquittal. During the., four-week trial, defence lawyer Sheppard reminded the jury that the patient, a graduate student, had said that she would find a way to get an abortion “at any cost”. The Crown prosecutor told the jury- abortion on demand is a serious crime. Abortion is forbidden except when approved by a hospital board. In his summation, Mr. Justice Hugessen had told the jury their duty was to “apply the law as it exists in the country. . .not as the law should be.”
The situation in the Middle East is very simple, Chartrand said. It is not anti-Semitic or racist to say that the Palestineans should have a right to their own land. _ “But when Madame Meir talks about peace, she means another piece- of land.” Chartrand dismissed those who condemn Arab terrorism by asking why it was terrorism for a man to go back to his land with a machine gun but not terrorism to bomb with a B-52. He claimed that Israel napalmed people and crops in Palestine and Lebanon in reprisal for the assasinations of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics. “I hope there will be peace in the Middle East,” he concluded. “And I hope that the Palestineans can return home. I think the Arab countries are willing to make a place there for the Jewish people if they become less arrogant and more civilized.” Amnon Cilhad, representative for the Israeli Consulate in Although the main focus of Canada, refused to voice any officiai opinions on the latest crisis Chartrand’s speech was on the in the Middle East during a talk on campus Tuesday evening. His Middle East since helwas invited answer to the Middle East problems seemed to be little more by the Arabs as a known symthan trying to make friends with the people who call him and his pathizer, his own interest seemed country enemy. He blamed the Soviet Union for the war in the to be more on the events in Chile Middle East and said he could not see an end to the fighting until and of the larger question of the Arab countries rid themselvses of the “Communist yoke”. working class politics in liberal democratic countries. “We were told that Chile had one of the best democracies in the world. The vote for Allende actually increased even after three years of difficulties because of the capitalistic system and the bourgeoisie. Then the army came in.” , The army has also been used in Canada to crush the workers, he said. “The RCMP and other police forces are not for looking after other criminals but to stop people from talking too loud in the streets. together,” Chartrand chortled. Linking Israel to other European The judges and ministers take “Those backward people closed imperialists, Michel Chartrand, care of the criminals; they’re part the tap. They don’t want to bargain Quebec labour leader, in a visit to of that gang,” he said to approving anymore; it’s easy to see they are the Waterloo campus delighted his laughter from the audience. not civilized.” hosts, the Arab students “When working people organize The 56-year-old president of the association, and prompted an then we will see the army again. CNTU unbuttoned his top shirt exchange between. Arab and We will see the real face of button and loosened his tie as he Jewish students which rapidly capitalism, which is fascism.” became more involved in his became an opportunity for Ending his speech in agreement speaking. He leaned forward with polemizing rather than a chance with the claims of Arab his hand so the lab counter for dialogue. nationalism, Chartrand was’ in no separating him from his audience The attitude of the government mood to accept the mildly stated in the biology amphitheatre. of Israel, Chartrand claimed in his criticism from a Jewish student Israeli occupation of Arab lands speech last Thursday, is that of who rebuked him for heating up in the middle east is a continuation arrogant Europeans who look at passions instead of trying to cool of European imperialsim, he said. the Arabs and see only a backward them down. Chartrand refused to “The Occidental countries gave under developed people. hear him out and became involved Chartrand described attending a Palestine to the Jews because of a in a shouting match with other conscience, because the conference in Algeria last year of guilty members of the audience, ,finally Christians had been persecuting African, Latin American and Arab telling them to leave which they, of them for centuries, and because states. He said the European press course, did not do. would not admit referred to the conference as of these countries Most of the remainder of the one of the countries of no Jews who were refugees from Nazi question and answer period was Germany during the war.” significance. taken over by Arab and Jewish Chartrand compared the actions “Half of humanity was there. members of the audience mostly of Palestinean guerrillas to that of They know the score and know shouting at each other but wars of national liberation as in where they are going, but in sometimes hearing each other out. Vietnam and the situation in Chile. Europe they are considered the But previously formed opinions “It is impossible now to kill a under developed world and conprevailed and the session ended nation. The Vietnamese have sequently under developed with the feeling that most people proven moral strength can _ people.” attending had been reinforced in overcome the strongest power in “But then those Arabs-those their previous beliefs and nothing the world. As the Chileans are had been changed. people who are not rational enough saying now, a united people will to together-they always win.” -deanna kaufman get got
Chartrand: entertainer deluxe on tour
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Defend Dr. Morgbntaler I “It is a shame to pretend that women have equality in our society when control of their own bodies in reproduction is denied. I consider the right to a safe, medical abortion a fundamental human right”
--Dr. Henry Morgentaler
i An impressive list of sponsors including the United Church of Canada, the Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Psychiatric Association, the YWCA, and the federal NDP
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party call for the repeal of the abortion laws. Won’t you join I us in trying to change the oppressive abortion laws. A victory for Dr. Henry Morgentaler is a victory for the entire women’s rights movement. Dr. Henry Morgentaler is not a criminal and neither are the women who seek abortions. All charges must be dropped now!
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16, 1973
Youth ‘not invited The Ontario Youth Secretariat held a four day conference on youth in Toronto last week. The OYS was established by premier Bill Davis about one year ago. The apparent -purpose of the organization is to assist in the coordination of government programs for youth and to make their recommendations to the Ontario government based on their perceptions of the needs and concerns of young people in the province. The forum was attended by twenty-eight civil servants representing various education and youth ministries across Canada. The purpose of the forum was to discuss youth problems in general with something of an emphasis on the influence of the government on youth and the effects ,of the granting systemparticularly the Local Initiatives Program CL.1.P.) and the Opportunities For Youth Program (0.F.Y.). The only youth participating in . the conference were a panel picked by the secretariat of four young people that they already knew. One was a. Toronto high school student council president and one other was a former OntarioGovernment-Experience employee. No other young people: , from either universities or other youth organizations were invited to the forum and the only publicizing done at the youth level were letters sent to the various campus newspapers. A small group of students from Waterloo including president Andy Telegdi and External Relations chairman Shane Roberts attended the last day of the conference. These students were concerned that there had been no attempt to poll the students or any other youth. The conference was held away from those people being discussed. Minister without portfolio and head of the Ontario Youth Secretariat Margaret Birch gave one of her more trite and repeditive speeches in an attempt to sum up the few ac-
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complishments of the preceding four days. Research consultant for OFS Paul Axelrod presented a brief criticising the conference and the governments approach to youth. He charged that -the conference was misrepresentation of youth in Ontario and that the panel that they had picked for the conference was representative of only a small minority of the students. Speaking for OFS, he critized the agenda of the conference as having given no time for discussion on problems like alienation from the government, unemployment, drug addiction and veneral disease. A short discussion followed, over coffee and danishes during which the results of the conference were analysed. It was agreed that there should be more inter-provincial communication between ministries. Few new ideas came out of the four days and most people attending the conference were disappointed with its pitiful Aave
college
- Torture in Brazil The only democratic institution in Brazil is the rampant practice of torture by. the -military dictatorship. Torture, in its- many variations,. is meted out both to rich and poor. Anyone who is in disagreement with the Brazilian generals is submitted to genital electric shocks, and other hideous means of information extraction. The Brazilian “gorilas” realize that the essence of political repression is the use of systematic torture. With this background in mind, speakers from the Latin American Working Group (L.A.W.G.), John Foster and Louise Casselman spoke about Canadian investment in Brazil, last Tuesday night, as part of the Federation of Students Campus Forum series. Before showing the .film, “Brazil: A Report On Torture”, Foster gave an insight into the links between the Canadian Liberal party and the Brascan investment management group, a major investor in Brazil. At the end of 1972, the E.D.C. (Export Development Corporation) a crown body, “without very much parliamentary review”
. / The federation sent its recommendations regarding the ice rink referendum to president Burt Matthe,ws, asking -that the students be given a wide, yet basic choice when they vote on whether or not to fund the building. A graduated choice of type of building is suggested, with the students having to pay the most per year for the most grandiose strut ture. Presumably , this would inject some sense of responsibility into the referendum if the students want frills such as a large seating capacity, indoor track or curling surface. The students should choose, the federation says, first whether they want an ice rink built with student funds. If a majority says yes, then the preference of three choices beneath the main question would prevail : ( 1) a 450seat basic rink; (2) a l,OOO-seat rink ; or (3) a 3,000-seat rink suitable for large varsity hockey crowds and other crown events. The first choice is estimated to cost around $500,000; the second around $630.000; and the third around $1,090,000. - _
Three possible sites for the rink have been suggested by various sources. The administration originally suggested the site adjoining Waterloo Park for the 350-seat arena, a site which has become somewhat controversial, since some citizens of Waterloo object to using future‘ parkland space for a rink. Foes of the site, however, fail to realize that for years this twoacre plot has been nothing but mud piles and general refuse. Besides, 99 percent of the people who have to look at this eyesoreare students. Football stadiums, tennis courts and caged animals have been put in this park and no one objected. If the citizens really want to use the land, it is hoped they will fight, not against the university, but for turning the land into real parkland immediately. Also, this site is too small if either of the larger arenas is approved in the referendum. Next under consideration was a site adjoining Phillip street, another muddy eyesore between the railroad tracks and Phillip street, its main use being now a
gave Brascan’s subsidiary in Brazil a $25 million loan to purchase hydro-electric equipment. That this is ~ taxpayer’s money going to subsidize a private company with the fourth largest income in Canada is bad enough, the fact that it is going to a subsidiary that backs up a repressive dictatorship is a total lack of respect for human justice. This government that Mitchell Sharpe called an improvement over the post-1964 one (the armed forces staged a coup d’etat to oust an elected president 1, guarantees that 15 percent of the population receive 17 percent of the national income while 50 percent (out of a total of 100 million> receive 13 percent. The gorilas are selling 150,000 acre lots of the. Amazon region to foreign companies to raise cattle and export beef to the foreign ,market while 80 million Brazilians are subjected to a very low standard of living. If they protest they are tortured to death. The situation in Brazil has reached such proportions that even the Catholic Church (a conservative group in Brazil) has had to protest when many of its priests were arrested and tortured. As the chief of the Sao Paulo political police, Paranhos Flevry put it: “the priests have to be taught a lesson”. The film shown was made in early 1971 in Chile when prisoners were released in exchange for the kidnapped Swiss ambassador, and it was a re-enactment of the tortures that the ex-prisoners ’ underwent. Most of the variations were sexual torture, with women gang rapes being a standard for women while with men there was a fixation on the genital organs in the way of electric one-minute’ shocks. Many people who were not, lucky to be exchanged for kidnapped prisoners are slowly being tortured to death so that the gorilas can conduct scientific experiments on the human endurance in the face of pain. It is hoped that the same film can be shown to a greater amount of students so that the economic ties of Canada and Brazil can be related to repression in Brazil. For as Louise Casselman said, “torture continues to be implemented in Brazil and more Brazilians are living in a state of terror”. It is up to Canadians to pressure their democratic government to consider cutting off diplomatic ties with an openly undemocratic one. -john
footpath
for students.
morris
This land is
The last site is a chunk of land north of Columbia street. It would probably cost more than the park site since sewage, water and hydro will be expensive to run across Columbia. A shortsighted person did not allow plans to hook further structures on north campus to the existing optometry building. The site does have several advantages, however. The land itself would cost nothing since the university already owns it, the plot will fit any size arena decided on and changing-room facilities can be used for the outdoor sports currently using Columbia fields. But the question of site will not appear on the referendum, since Matthews has stated on numerous occasions that finding the proper site is his respon-’ sibility and that he will have no difficulty doing so. Despite the federation recommendation of the three choices of building, Matthews has said that he prefers simply putting forth one proposal and asking for a straight- yes - or no vote. -eric robinson
Energy ‘crisis’ a myth In Orillia, one day in June of 1972, the Ontario NDP passed the Riverdale resolution and effectively expelled the dissident Waffle group from the New Democratic Party. This was to be expected given the considerably more socialistic stance of the Waffle- since its emergence within the party in 1969 and the rising fears of union leaders that their hegemony within the party leadership was questioned by the very existance of a faction which to their was in opposition domination of the ranks of the Ontario NDP. In any case, since then the Waffle has remained fairly silent and unobtrusive. Not that the meeting held at King Edward School a week ago yesterday is an announcement of their re-entry into politics, but there is an indication from this of a regrouping. Though Waffler Jim Laxer took care to point out that the group had not yet decided to take on the status of ‘party’, there was a degree of organization and rhetoric that indicated this would be coming soon-if it does not already exist in fact. Addressing a meeting of about 35 to 40 local labour people, teachers and similar professionals, Laxer was quite at home speaking ondomestic energy problems as they relate to Canadian-US economic relations. Recently Donald MacDonald, Canada’s Energy Minister expressed what lies at the centre of problems when he said that Canada can’t stop selling oil to the US because of the likelihood that the US would retaliate by withdrawing from the Canada-US auto pact. So the problem stems from the fact that Canadian resources and manufacturing are under foreign ownership or control and consequently vulnerable. In the case of the current mythical energy ‘crisis’, Laxer noted that over50 percent of Canada’s oil and natural-gas is being exported to the US in spite of recent export cut-\ backsof crude oil. At his present rate, the life expectancy of reserves is cut in half and Laxer went on to say that oil supplies can be expected to last about ten years under the continued control by the us. As for the current price increases the strategy of the interna tional oil companies is geared toward-making’the Alberta oil sands and the Arctic resources pay. Extraction from such areas isn’t profitable at the present selling price of,* crude oil, so it merely becomes a matter of raising the price to the point where The nature of the dependency becomes all the more clear in light of the events of August 1971 when president Nixon announced that Canada was no longer to receive ‘preferential treatment’ within the American empire. At this time it was made clear that Canada was expected to help out with the US balance of trade problems and since then the Canadian \government has been under pressure to enter into resource agreements and buy more manufactures items from America. At present Canada is the largest trading partner of the United States. As for the effects of US multinationals’ policies on Canadian labour, Laxer pointed out that between ‘1966 and ‘72, while there was an increasing share in the markets, parent companies were withdrawing basic manufacturing-so the number of people employed by 1 the
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multinational operations was actually on the decline. In the case of Ontario, while the labour force increased during those years by 27 per cent, the number of people employed ‘by the US owned companies had risen only 8.1 per _ cent. So while there is an expanding market in Canada, the jobs created from that situation are being located in the US. exploitation of these resources becomes more tenable. This involves a raise in price from the former $2.20 a barrel to about ’ $5.00.As it is now,’ the oil companies have managed to raise the price per barrel to $4.00-this of course was done without any threat of government intervention; there is currently a voluntary price freeze in effect, but this comes off in January, when the oil companies will be able to continue to raise their prices. “Canada is essentially locked into the kinds of plans President Nixon talked about in terms of creating energy self-sufficiency for the US by 1980”. And the Canadian Arctic, Alberta -oil sands-and the Canadian consumer are part of the solution to the US domestic problems. Canada is essentially a “warehouse assembly” plant for parent US manufacturing interests, operations here reduced to the output of parts to be assembled south of the border. During the main period of expansion in tbe fifties, while increasing American control of Canadian industry was indeed providing jobs and expanding the economy, it was not developing a complete or selfsufficient industry. Thus the basis was created for the dependence which exists at present-a dependence which can be used quite easily as a political lever such as in the case when Canada wants to stop the flow of oil into the us. The result of this ‘deindustrialization” has been high unemployment and stagnation in Canadian cities. Where expansion does take place, it is in lower wage areas such as Kitchener where rates are lower than any other city in ,Southwestern Ontario. Places like Kitchener, however ,are ‘growth’ areas, its alternative having been to accept lower paying jobs in return for employment at all. . Yet with the present increases in the cost of living, Laxer claimed that unless a worker was getting a 10-15 percent raise in wages, he or she wasn’t breaking even. This comes in view of the fact that corporate profitswere up last year, in some cases, 35 or 200 percent. He went on: “We are now at the high point of the current boom cycle; the economy is performing at its best”. Before 1975 we can expect the economy to turn down bringing more plant shutdowns, further de-industrialization. Canada cannot hope to act as any kind of industrial neighbour to the US in its own right and the quality of life of its inhabitants is tied up in that reality. Towards resolving this problem, Laxer stressed the need for na tionaliza tion ultimately bound with control of industry by the worker-the substance of Waffle ideology. The Waffle, as mentioned before shows all indications that it will emerge as a socialist party in the present parliamentary framework just as the CCF (presently the NDP) did in 1933. It is questionable however, that -any party can survive the rigors of Canadian marketplace politics unscathed in actions, if not in purpose. The CCF gradually succumbed to pragmatism, its purpose eventually rationalized down to subsistence within the present political framework-hence the expulsion of the Waffle last year. Power politics in the present framework appears more’ the problem than its solution. 4udley
paul
0 1
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6
the
friday,
chevron
16,
november
,
1973
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Wife talks
Tuesday November 20 3:0o Campus Forum-Jacques
head off
ROY
4: 30 Words on Music 5:00 Waterloo at Dusk
5:15Rest
of the News 5:30 TBA 6 :00 Classical Music of India 7 :00 Chemistry & Society 8:00 TBA 8:30 Music: Gil Zurgrigg 11: 00 Music : David College
Headless , Man driven to drink,, -Friday November 3:00 Music
5: 00 Waterloo at Dusk of the News 5:30 Counter Culture . 6 : 00 Sports 6: 15 Soviet Press Retiiew 6: 30 People’s Music 7 :00 Words on Music 7 : 30 Dateline London 8:00 Live Basketball-Waterloo Lakehead 10: 00 Music : John ‘Moss 12:OO Jazz: Eugene Beuthien
5:15Rest
Saturday
November
Wednesday
Sunday
vs
17
9: 00 Music : Gary Van Overloop 11: 00 Music : Steve Silverstein ’ 1:00 Music: Ruth Dworin 3:00 Jazz: John Sweet 5:00 Waterloo’ at Dusk
November
18
9:OO Music: Enam & Frank 11:OO Music : Tim Jansen 1:OO Classical: Al Anderson B:OO Islam at the Crossroads 3 : 30 Serendipity 4 : 00 Portuguese Music 6:00 International Call \ 6: 30 Research ‘73 7 : 00 Counter Culture 7 : 30 Illusions 7:45 World Report 8 : 00 Federation Report j 9:00 The Masque 10: 00 Music : Eric Lindgren 12 :00 Classical-Jazz : Mike Walton
/
Monday November 19 3:00 History of French Canada 4 :00 Martin Kelman : Divine Light
Mission
5:00 Waterloo
at Dusk 5:15 Drugs & the Law Part 6 :00 Soviet Press Review
ART 1 ,BOOKS 1 c on I December\i c 1 I
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, 4: 00 Serendipity 4:30 International Call 5:00 .Waterloo at Dusk 7 :00 Sports 7:30 Crawdaddy’s Rock & Roll 5:15 Radio News One Hour 6:30 Research ‘73 Magazine of the Air 7 :00 Music : Angela Stecewicz 8 :00 Music : John Williams 10 :00 Music : John Broeze 10:00 Music: John Dale 12:o0 Music: Ian Layfield 12: 00 Music : Dennis Lunow 6:15 TBA
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Thursday November 22 3:00 3 Days in September
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November
3:00 Senator Donald Cameron on Science policy in Canada 4:30 Interview with David Wiffen 5:00 Waterloo at Dusk 5: 15 Belgian Press Review 5 : 30 Waffle Energy Conference Part Two 6:00 Music 8:00 Music: Brian O’Neil 10 :00 Music : Gerry Forwell 12 :00 Music : Ted Szepielewicz
5: 00 Tim Bowland: Music 7:00 Quebec Love 8: 00 The Bod & the Bard 9:00 Music: John Robertson 12:00 Music: Larry Pearson
16
fridav,
november
16,
1973
the
last Sunday in the 4th Annual Mixed Intercollegiate Bonspiel held at the K-W Granite Club. For the second year in a row, Ron French skipped his rink to three consecutive victories over Seneca College ( 12-l ) , Erindale College no. 3 (11-4) and U of Waterloo no. 2 (11-4). Other members of the championship rink were Gayle Bower (who played vice fbr French last year also) Bob Jerrard and Dayle Bower. Mr. Carl Totzke presented the Trophy to the Waterloo Rink. The third game saw the two UW entries matched against each other in the final. U of Waterloo no. 2 skipped by Terry Olaskey, with Pat Munroe, Bill Squirrel1 and Anne Mallon, had defeated York in the first game 8-6 and then Ryerson in the 2nd game by a score of 15-3. French’s shotmaking proved too consistent in the all-Waterloo final and Olaskey’s Waterloo rink had to settle for a third place finish as high 2game winner. Out of the sixteen rinks representing ten universities and colleges . from across Southern Ontario, the top five rinks were: School Points University of Waterloo 55 University of Toronto 52 University of Waterloo 39 Ryerson Polytechnical Institute 39 Seneca College 36
Spikers spike tourney i
The Waterloo varsity volleyball team posted their first tournament win of the season last Saturday. At the McMaster tournament they played teams from York, Western, and Brock, in their section, ruling victorious in all these preliminary matches . In the semi-finals they beat Ottawa in a controversial match that saw the Ottawa coach leave the bench several times, disgusted with the refereeing. In the championship match against Western, Waterloo won in two straight games, with- good play exhibited by all members of the team. The starting six improved I throughout the tourney, showing strong defence, and hard hitting in the final match. The Warriors begin the OUAA season this Saturday by hosting the first of four league tournaments. Competition begins at 10 AM with three contests. Warriors begin against Brock, with a second match at 11 AM against the strong Mustang team from Western. The other three rounds find the Warriors playing Guelph, Laurier, and McMaster at 2pm, 3pm, and 4pm respectively. Warriors should be strong again this year and hope to repeat as western section champions. For the first time since entering the league five years ago, the Warriors are faced with a rebuilding job, having only four veterans playing. They are captains John Beattie and Bob Willis as well as Mark Lackey and Jim. Kaufman. Strong freshmen are Kevin Munhall, Bob Diakow, former captain of the Brock University team; and Dave Monteith from St. Marys. Others vying for positions are Roger Gillespie, Thomas Jarv, Markus Hess, Bob Hillier, Don Klie, and Alan White. Also returning, this time as ass? coach is former national team player from Singapore, Mr Beng Nga Lim. Coach Baycroft is optimistic after a series of exhibition games and said after the M:cMaster tournament “The boys came on strong, and finally began to play together with hustle and unity. There are many areas that need work but by and large they’ve begun to work well together and come through under pressure.”
Council -photo
by‘ bob hillier
After winning their first tournament of the season at M&laster, the Warrior vo//eyba// team is hosting the first of four season tournaments tommorrow. The Warriors play at ten and el;even in the morning and again at ttio in the afternoon. 1: 00.6, and the 469yard freestyle in 4 :36.4 seconds. Murray also anchored the 490-yard freestyle relay
Va
r&y
,
te”M”arg Murray, carried on the tradition by winning the X&yard backstroke and placing second in the 200-yard freestyle. Judy Mathieu won the ;50 yard butterfly and placed third{ in the 200 free. Maryanne Schuett, Liz Saunders and Cathy Adams, all swam more than respectable times in the ,,breaststroke events. Laura Foley Swimmin women motivated the rookies Andy White For tbe second consecutive year, and Peggy Graham in the 490 yard Waterloo’s Athena swim team freestyle, while Karen Lizotte sped retained their position as OWIAA _ through, the 50 yard free in 29.4 Champs by winning the McMaster seconds. Invitational Meet in Hamilton last Of the fourteen events, Waterloo Saturday. won eight, including the 200 yard Among the eight schools commedley relay in 2:07.9’ and the peting in this meet the “Swimmin freestyle relay in 4:14.4. Women”, topped everyone by a The “Swimmin Women” opened total of 334 points followed by an up up their home meet season last and coming competitor, Univernight against Guelph. sity of Western Ontario, in second E tobicoke (EMAC 1, visits .next with 271 points and the University Wednesday at 4 pm for a coled of Toronto was third with 263 meet against the Athenas and points. Warriors. EMAC is ranked as the Maida Murray, a source of best senior team in Ontario. limitless energy,- placed first in four individual events by winning Mixed curling the loo-yard butterfly in a time of The ‘President’s Trophy’, 1:06.7; %&yard individual medley donated by Dr. B. Matthews was in 2:32.1; loo-yard freestyle in won by the University of Waterloo
sport shorts
elections
The Women’s Intercollegiate Council represents the interests of female varsity athletes at the University of Waterloo. The council consists of ‘five executivk positions (elected by members of the council), four members-atlarge (elected by the female students on campus) and sports representatives (elected by each team 1. Any fulltime female student on campus is eligible for nomination as a member-at-large. Nominations must be put forth by two sponsors from varsity sports or present council. Elections for members-at-large for the term of January lst, 1974 to December 3&t, 1974 will take place on Monday, November 26th, 1973, ,/ from 10:00 am - 4:00 pm and 5:30 pm - 7 :30 pm. The voting station will be located in the Physical Activities Complex, Red North. Any fulltime female student is eligible to vote. If you are interested in running for the position or if you know
chevron
someone who is, please fill out a form located in the Women’s Locker room in the PAC by noon Monday, November 19, 1973.
Coaching
clinic
Jack Donahue, the technical coordinator and the national coach of Canada’s basketball team, will be visiting the University of Waterloo to deliver two lectures on basketball. The first lecture will be Sunday morning at ten a.m. and the topic will be the philosophy of basketball and offensive play. The Sunday afternoon session will start at one p.m. and the art of defensive basketball will be discussed. A question period will follow. Both lectures will take place in Arts Lecture room 116. Anyone interested in the sport of basketball is invited to .attend the clinic and there is no charge for admission.
Sports
institute
The sports institute, a mobile library on sports will be on campus all next week. The library contains films, books, slides and other information on sport. The Sports Institute will be parked in the quadrangle outside the physical activities building from November 16 to 23. Anyone interested in viewing the contents of the Institute is encouraged to drop by. There is no charge for touring the library.
Warrior
basketball
In the Warriors’ first outing of the season, they scored an 82-45 victory over the York Yeomen. Coach Don McCrae credited the defence for doing a good job against the Yeomen and holding them to only forty-five points. Tonight the Warriors host last year’s CIAU finalists, the Lakehead Nor’westers’ . Coach McCrae stated that “This game against Lakehead should give us an indication of where our team stands for the upcoming season. Lakehead always has -a strong team,” The Junior varsity team will move into action for the first time tonight also. The junio; team will play against Mohawk College from Hamilton in a preliminary game to the Warrior contest. The junior game starts at 6:30 p.m. with the Warriors playing at &;30 p.m. The next home game for the Warriors will be their appearance in the annual Naismith classic.
NOTICE Any untyped copy or copy 1 not in by Tuesday evening will 1 not be guaranteed to run-. Copy must be typed on 64 character lines.
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-photo
by mark nusca
If anyone thinks that curling is a dull and boring sport, they should witness a bonspiel. There one will find people b&i/y sweeping t,he ice just to keep awake. The real excitement izomes though when the curlers become so frustrated at sweeping the ice that they begin to throw rocks at each other. Rock on baby.
8
the
friday,
chevron
november
16, 1973
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>.
friday,
november
lb,
the
1973
chevron
9
\
Dhoto by mark nusca
Kin wins flag football Last Thursday night saw the conclusion of the ‘73 flag football season. In a cold and windswept final, the Bagbiters from St. Jeromes bit the dust, losing 15-10 to a powerful kinesiology team. The Bagbiters, having lost only one game all season put up a tough battle but the Kin team proved to be no pushover. Kinesiology has now won the Delahey Trophy two years in a row and has lost only two games in the last four years of flag football. Although both teams possessed powerful offenses, it was the defence that kept each team in the game. Probably the finest effort ever displayed in a flag football final was displayed by Kin’s Larry Moffat who literally stole the game from St. Jerries with three key interceptions as well as a number of important knockdowns. Al Schweger and Chuck Post continued to shine as the Kin top receivers with each converting receptions for touchdowns. For the Bagbiters, Rick Ciupa made several great defensive plays, however, all players on both teams played excellent football.
Basketball
-
With one week remaining in the regular basketball schedule, the scramble for the 16 playoff spots has produced some exciting action. St. Paul’s led by Sandy Hosie continues to lead B6 beating Env. Studies 42-38 and St. Jeromes ‘C’ 35-23. Other action saw strong rebounding by Dons, Brian Beattie and ‘Duke’ MacLean result in Village 1 West beating,V2 North 36-16. Squeakers this past week were Reg Math outlasting St. Jeromes ‘C’ 54-53 and Renison ‘A’ over Recreation 54-53.
The standings for Basketball are as follows : Standings as of November 13th. GP. .Pts. 4 8 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 0
league A
Renison A Alufahons Vl West Recreation V2 South A V2 North league
A2
St. Jeromes A us T.O. Trotters Optometry OHIP Vl South league
. 4 4 4 4 i 3 4
7 6 5 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
6 4 0 0
Bl
lower eng. reg. math Kin. Science
/ league
B2
co-op math Blue Darts Vitreous Floaters The Bills league
6 4 2 2
4 4 4 4
8 6 4 0
4 5 4
6 4 2
I34
VI East V2 South B V2 West 4 league
5 4 = 4 5
B3
Burg Ballers V2 East Co-op residence St. Jeromes C league
\
BS
St. Pauls 6 11 St. Jeromes B 5 8 West D 5 4 Renison B 5 3 Env. studies 5 0 Game of the week pits US versus the Trotters, two top independent teams in court no. 3 Monday at 9:3O p.m. photo by roger downer
In hockey action, a strong skating math team overpowered a scrambly ESS team but could only find the range twice, with Chupa and Mucci each contributing a goal. Paul Banner scored the only ESS goal on a penalty shot with only seconds remaining. Hockey standings as of Monday, November 12 finds Village 1 South and Village 1 West tied for first in League A, however, West has played one less game. In League B, West leads the pack on the strength of two wins and two ties. League C has St. Jerome’s leading with Co-op a frustrated second place. Defending champion Reg Math has outscored the opposition 28-4 and maintains a comfortable lead in League D.Upper Eng with 3 straight wins is all alone in the E League while ESS still holds first place in League F. A powerful Kin team could prove itself to be a top team as its record with 21 goals for and 1 against and 3 straight wins leaves them in first place in League G. Dean Mucci of Reg Math is the league’s top scorer with 7 goals and 3 assists. Bob Neil, having allowed one measly goal rates as the no. 1 goalie. Upcoming game of the week should be ESS against Team W’aterloo, Sunday evening at 1O:lO
Floor
Hockey
Turning to the recreational scene, floor hockey enthusiasts are just reaching their playoff peak. In League A, the Grads needed a victory over the Attilas to take 1st place while the Attilas would have captured third place with a win. The ensuing tie (the first tie in recreational floor hockey ) resulted in the Pirates finishing first with the Romanos Riders ending in second. In League B, the 69’ers being the only undefeated team lead their division with the Raiders close behind. Playoffs begin this coming Tuesday.
Ball hockey In recreational ball hockey the D’ B’s, Green Ghosts and Semenchukers have all gone undefeated and lead each of their respective leagues. The Erb. Street Ballers after being stung by the D’ B’s early in the season have remained one game back of the D’B’s. Ball hockey playoffs are scheduled to begin Wednesday, November 23.
Upcoming
events
Elsewhere in intramural activity the squash tourney is coming to a close having seen over seventy competitors hammering away.
The Co-ed Swim. Meet starts tomorrow at 2 p.m. with such unique events as the innertube relay, the waterpolo relay and the long sleeve sweatshirt race. All helpers and officials are asked to meet in the pool area at 1:30 p.m. Also upcoming is the badminton tournament whose date and time will be announced shortly. -terry
redvers
More ”
sport
shorts Naismith
classic
On Friday November 23, the sixth annual Naismith Classic will take place in the physical activities building. Teams from the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, McMaster of Hamilton, Sir George Williams from Montreal, Univ,ersity of Windsor as well as teams from Ottawa, Laurier and Brandon will be represented. The first game of the tournament takes place at one p.m. with Winnipeg playing McMaster. At three p.m. Sir George Williams opposes Windsor, and in the evening at seven p.m. Ottawa plays Laurier, with the Warriors taking on Brandon College at nine p.m. The tournament has two sections, the winners of the first round play in the championship section and the losers play in the consolation section of the tournament. Both the championship and consolation semi finals. and finals will be played on Saturday.
Waterpolo
Warriors
The Wa terpolo Warriors managed a win and a tie in competition here last Saturday. The win was over the Guelph squad 6 to 5. The game was very close, at the end of the first quarter the Warriors were losing 2-O. Then the offence finally got their playmaking co-ordinated so that the Warriors were at one point leading 6 to 3 and with that advantage were able to hold off Guelph’s last desperate attacks, to record their first win of the season. In the second game the Warriors held the powerful McMaster squad to 26 goals while scoring 2 themselves This is an encouraging improvement over the last meeting. The Warriors finish their
season a week this Saturday triple header at Western.
Ruggers
with a
second
Saturday, Nov. 10, at London the Waterloo Rugby team placed second in the O.U.A.A. T-a-side rugby tournament. -The Warriors advanced to the final with wins over Queens, 22-6 and Guelph, 6-4. Scoring tries in the Queens game were Paul Steffler, Clare McEwan, Ken Brown, and ‘Paul Pi tkanen. Gary Smith converted three of the four adding six more points. The victory over Guelph was especially sweet in it was something that the team could not do during season play. Scoring in this game was Paul Steffler with a try and Gary Smith converted it for two points. In the final game against R.M.C. the team could not manage to put it together and lost 10-O. The team played well and considering the bad weather for practising earlier in the week and the lighting on Columbia field at 5:OO p.m. the team should be congratulated. The games were all played in six to eight inches of snow. This was a young team which had a four and four record for the season and with most of the players returning and with Roger Downer continuing ‘as coach it should be even better next season.
Womens
intramurals
Key catches and speedy runners put Village two south in f-irst place in the womens intramural flag football league. The winning play of the game was a kick into the end zone for a score of three points. Lakeshore despite playing a strong game could only manage two points. However the teams were fairly evenly matched, with play moving in both directions of the field. St. Jeromes won the consolation round by default over village 1 north. Participation points have been tallied for the flag football and St. Jeromes leads with 143 points. Village two north is second with 133 points and Conrad Grebel is in third place with 93 points. Recreational basketball is taking place each Tuesday evening, not Thursday as previously reported. Volleyball is going every Wednesday evening and the standings to date are Village 1 north in first place, with Lakeshore, Renison and village fw’o south running close second. All teams are reminded to be on time and to try and not default. Referees are still needed and if anyone is interested, they are to call Marg McSween or just show up on Wednesday evenings.
.
10
the chevron
friday,
november
16, 1973
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feedback We were . wrong - You have made a gross error in your ice arena article, on page 1 of the chevron. You say that “received the official input from the Engineering Society, which is heavily behind the smaller, 45O-seat arena ’ ’ , from Matthews. Further, you write, “Several members of the AAR then countered that they had received a report from the EngSoc taking just the opposite view, in favour of a spectator arena.” The second statement is a gross assumption on your part. No one said that at all. All that was stated was that another official statement came from the Engineering Society. In fact, that statement was never read, and will only be included in the minutes. What the Engineering Society did submit was: l They were in favour of an arena. l That it should not be paid for by the students. Further, they listed their reason: i for these statements. Please, George, before you print any more “facts”, get them straight. Peter Hopkins Director of Men’s Intramurals
Trying \ to park
.
Last Friday afternoon (Nov. 2) I had a most unfortunate discussion with one of the members of the university security force. It ended with a rather juvenile exchange of what could hardly be called pleasantries. What precipitated this abberration in the usually idyllic scene one finds in this centre of scholarly pursuit?the usual bugbear-parking. I was driving over to the campus centre pub to record Steve Robsons performance for Radio Waterloo, and was carrying equipment to warrant parking in the service area. Several moons ago I’d received a 5 dollar parking ticket for leaving my car in a service area while picking up some materials for the radio station, so th:s time, there was a special parking sticker on my windshield. At the entrance to the service area, two members of the security force were standing in the rain, waving officiously at all cars attempting to enter the lot. Undaunted, I eased my car up toward the first of them. “This lot has to be kept clear for bank customers, he informed me. I wondered when this had become official policy, but held my tongue and pointed
silently to my sticker. The sticker meant nothing to the officer, however, and it was plain that nothing said would change that. This is not to say nothing was said, but the details of our ensuing conversation are neither pleasant nor relevant. What is important, is that we ‘all have a clear understanding regarding the individual discretionary powers of the security officer . Should he be allowed to over-ride a directive from the head of his own agency? Is the security force intended to protect the interest of the university community, or is it here to direct and control us in an arbitrary manner? Some sort of reply would be appreciated. Glen Soulis
A\ different bible I would like to express my disagreement with Mr. Katsirdaki’s opinion(Nov. 2,73 Feedback). One cannot link-Christ to the “Israeli War”. Today many make the same mistake the Pharisees and religious leaders made in Jesus’ time. They were waiting for the Messiah in the hope that he would free them from the Romans. Rut Christ came not to free the Jews from the Romans but to free men from the bondage of sin. He turned down attempts to make him king. He says, “My Kingdom is not of this world”. With Christ’s death and resurrection the difference between Jews and Gentiles ceased. (Ephesians 2, 14-16) They, (which are saved) are all one in Christ. Not they that are the literal children of Abraham, but they that are the spiritual children of Abraham are children of God. (see Romans 2,29; 4,13-25) The spiritual Jews are according to the promise like Jacob was, not after the flesh like Ishmael. Peace in a world of turmoil can only be found by those who come to experience Christ through faith. (Faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness.) Those who come to Christ asking for forgiveness, he will not turn away. A true Christian has peace inside even though war-may wage outside. This is the peace that Christ brought the .world. G. Mielke Math 7
Letters to feedback should be addressed to Editor, Chevron,’ Campus Centre, University of Waterloo, Ontario. Please type on 32- or 64-character lines and doublespace. Untyped letters cannot be guaranteed to run. Pseudonyms will be run if we are also provided with the real name of the writer. .
sider tha-t the first two chevrons had no feedback, the average jumps to 6.71 letters per issue. I think that this is a to be reasonable number of letters received, considering that apathy runs rampant on this campus. Of those forty-seven letters, only twenty-six were written in response to items which appeared in the chevron. This is why I say that feedback is not what it should be. The rest of the letters should never have appeared in feedback. I refer to that~ person who may some ‘day write another book on the bible, to those who so passionately -‘defended their respective sides in the Arab-Israeli war and to anyone else who has written to feedback when they could have just as easily prepared a special article. I am not criticizing those people for saying what they think. I am instead criticizing the Chevron policy of printing anything typed on a ‘64-character line’ regardless of length or content. The two issues which contained no feedback were, to me, much more professional and appealing than some which contain literally pages of material which one would expect to find in The Watchtower. If you can’t or won’t change your feedback policy at least start :calling it flushback. John Broeze 4A Mech Eng
desert and on the Golan-not one Israeli dead or wounded being left behind. <And while the Egyptian people know nothing about the state of their Third Army, Sadat is threatening to annihilate the Israelis . The Israeli demand for secure ‘and recognized boundaries should not be a concept which is difficult for anyone to grasp and support, especially the Russians. After World War’ 2, the Russians were allowed to retain immense stretches of land in Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland etc. as well as keep thousands of troops in Poland , East G.ermany , cz echosla vakia, Hu wary, Bulgaria, Armenia, etc., for reasons of security and military and political balance. This was accepted, for nobody wanted to embark on another senseless, bloody war? The logical solution is for the Arab states and the Palestinian guerillas to finally accept the permanence of. the Israeli entity in the Middle East. This absurd, paranoid talk of Israeli racisam, fascism, and expansionism is leading them nowhere. We have heard surprisingly little outcry from the 500,000 Arab citizens of Israel who are supposedly suffering woefully from oppression. Instead of blaming all their problems on Israel and making war in an effort to recapture Islamic glory, the Arabs might try looking inwards for some of the solutions and be reasonable enough to join with Israel in building a peaceful Middle Fast. Eric Shipman
r More on that war The other bible
The inability of the Arab countries to realistically view both the military and political situation has left them in a position which is perhaps worse than before they started this recent war. As it stands now, the Israelis hold positions 25 miles from Damascus, 45 miles from Cairo, and have the Egyptian Third Army of 20,000 men completely surrounded. Approximately 15,000 Arab soldiers ,have been killed or wounded and another 7,000 are prisoners. Vast caches of Arab armaments, including Russian T-52 tanks and Sam-6 missiles have been captured intact. This victory has been paid for in Israeli blood. The Arabs not only underestimated the extent to which the U.S. would match Russian arms shipments in the face of oil blackmail, but also the resilience with which .the Israelis could respond in the battlefield after being taken by surprise on Yom Kippur. Egypt responded to the call for ceasefire only when its forces were on the verge of capitulation. The situation was so grave that the Russians have set up nuclear missiles in two positions near Cairo and have stationed two warships with 2,000 men to guard Alexandria. In the meantime, Israel is acting generously in allowing convoys of food and supplies to pass through its lines to the beleaguered Third Army, and Feedback: the return of some of ‘the humanely in asking for an exchange of its effects of some process to its source so as 350 captured soldiers for the Arab 7,000. to modify it in some way. Israel is also willing to remove its forces This definition was taken from the s from the west bank of the Suez if the Concise Oxford Dictionary found in -the Egyptians move back across from the east chevron offices. Apparently the chevron bank. All of these efforts to ease tension staff has no concept of the exact meaning and lay the basis for an end to the>war and of the word or perhaps you have your own for a lasting peace, have been met by Arab definition. I mean that this section of the belligerence, for they are still intoxicated paper is not what it purports to‘ be. with their initial military gains and the In the nine issues of the chevron feeling that oil blackmail will triumph. published this term, there have appeared They have shown that they care little forty-seven letters in feedback. This works about their men in the field, for they left out to 5.22 letters per issue. If you contheir dead in the thousands to rot in the
Shape up ch-evron
n
Ever wondered why Jesus died? In Church they tell us that Jesus lived here on earth as a human being, some two thousand years ago, and that he,was put to death by the people of his country because of his teachings which were most offending, and, as they claimed, threatening to their system. As one would conclude from the stories in the Bible, Jesus knew all about his coming death long before it happened, and, although he could avoid it, he didn’t do it.. To the contrary, he said that indeed this was his very purpose: to die-like a criminal, knowing that he had committed no crimes at all. The question is, why did he do all this? What was his purpose? What did he want to accomplish? The Bible tells us that he died “. . .for our offences, and was raised for our justification.” If you don’t understand this, throw a record on the stereo and listen carefully. In most cases someone is complaining about something. People are ckying for love, peace, justice, satisfaction, security etc. They never seem to have enough of anything. They are never satisfied. This is the result of sin. (Sin-not the t rigonom etric function, but the act of violating God’s commandments). Misery in this life and condemnation on the day of judgement. This is why Jesus died: so that you and continued
on page 13
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page 11
I may be set free from all these. So that you and I may live eternally. If you have any trouble realizing that; unless you know Jesus you are a sinner, do this: ask yourself this question: “If I were to stand in front of Jesus right now, would I feel innocent or guilty?” Don’t tell me the answer; say it to yourself.To be saved is not to belong to any religious group, not to try to be a good person, not to measure up to any standards of behavior, nothing. None of these saves. The only one who saves is Jesus. Only faith in him saves. Salvation does not gow-up with you, it happens. If your. conscience tells you that you need Him, speak with Him in prayer like this: “Lord Jesus, I now have understood that I am a sinner and I need your help. I believe that you died for me and that you can set me free from my sinful life. I am now accepting you to live in my heart and from now on I want to follow you. Lord Jesus, please guide me and teach me how to put love in me for you and for all the people’ around me. (Amen)” 9 Emmanuel Katsirdakis
-s
You naughty #Is ! I live in a house with six other girls. Last night the landlady came to visit and brought with her copies of a list of house rules as follows: Until now I was under the impres@on that you came to Waterloo to attend the University and to study, therefore, I did not think it necessary to bring to your attention the following rules and regulations of the house. However, it would appear that I was/wrong. There is more entertaining, more cooking, more playing done than studying. You are all grown up and what you do with yourselves and your time is your business, however,&as long as you stay in my house you will, please, obey the following rules: 1. No stranger will be allowed in the individual rooms nor kitchen except my brother, H . . .. and B . .. . boyfriend in the basement. If you are being picked up for a date or dance, the person so doing may wait for you in the living room for 10 to 15 minutes, but no longer. 2. The kitchen on the main floor is for cooking alone. At 11:00 o’clock p.m. the lights in the kitchen will be turned off. If you feel that you will require a snack after 1l:OO p.m. you will prepare your sandwich, or whatever it is, before 11:OO p.m. and take it to your room. 3. The living room lights will be turned off at 11:OO p.m. 4. The door leading from the kitchen to the j basement will be closed at all times. 5. No radio nor records will be played after 11:OO p.m. 6. All studying will be done in the individual rooms. 7. There shall be no loud talking in the kitchen, no calling from one room to the other, no radio playing in the kitchen. 8. Consideration for the girls who are studying shall be taken at all times. 9. If you have any suggestions or complaints, please write them down on a piece of paper and hand over to Heinz or me. Name
withheld
The red blight During the SJalinist collectivization of Ukrainian farm lands in 1932-1933, some 9 million innocent Ukrainians perished as a result of starvation. Why? They perished for the simple reason that they believed in liberty and justice. They resisted the coliectivization plan of the Russian government, for they knew that they were slowly being entrapped into the worst form of bondage ever conceive& However, in spite of all the propoganda, the intimidations and coercion, the Ukrainian people boldly resisted the collective farms. the red hangmen Consequently, descended upon the villages of the Ukraine, confiscating everything that was edible-the last morsels of grain and wheat were taken. If hidden food, of any sort, was found, the people were executed on the spot. The red blight spared neither the young nor the old. As a result of this, horrible starvation ensued, and many Ukrainian people were reduced to a state of cannibalism. Mothers were forced to eat the bodies of their dead children, in order to live just one day more, just a little longer. And so, nine niillion people perished in this manner. But to this very day, the world press has remained silent. I ask why? These people had committed no
F
13
Letters to feedback should be addressed to Editor, Chevron, Campus Centre, University of-Waterloo, Ontario. Please type on 32- or 64-chargcter lines and doublespace. Untyped letters cannot be guaranteed to run. Pseudonyms will be run if we are also provided with the real name of the writer.
crime against humanity. Their only crime was that they loved their country and they cherished their freedom. This is why my people were brutally exterminated. It is time for the world to know the truth about the black deeds of the Russian oppressor. It is time for the world to know about the true socialist society based on justice and law. The free world must make a stand against the Russian blight, for if it remains unchecked, the people of the free world will be aiding the Russians in perpetrating another such decimation of innocent humanity. We must not remain silent because, “quid tacet consentere videtur,” (He who remains silent, gives his consent .) Where is our conscience? Today, once again, arrests tire being conducted in the USSR. People are being thrown into jails and exiled to the remotest areas of Siberia. However, it is not only the Ukrainians who are suffering, but also the people of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Byelorussia, Kazakhstan, and of other countries, are bearing the same heavy yoke of oppression. Yet, we choose to remain silent. Our government wants friendly relations with these criminals who persecute their own people. Let them murder, Latvians, Ukrainians and Jews and the other freedom loving people1 we will be silent! And so, the statesmen from all the countries of the world will continue to sit at conference tables with the Russian butchers, whose hands are coated with the blood of innocent people. But they will ndt make a plea for human rights nor will they discuss solutions which are necessary for the betterment of mankind. I can only say this: one day the Russian
bear will stumble to its Knees, a&l it will drown in the blo;d of the many innocent millions, whom it has destroyed. As it has carved up many, so it in turn will be’ \ ‘1 carved up. The Ukrainians and the other freedom loving people of this world will wait for this day. But, we will not be silent. We shall endeavour to bring the Russian bear to its knees. By promoting the truth, we shall eventually conquer, and rise to shatter our chains assunder. We shall never forsake nor forget that which is our own, nor shall we forget our people who today continue, to bear the yoke of the Russian oppressors. For there is no power on earth, that can drain the blood of people who believe and will continue to believe, that liberty, truth and justice, will finally triumph. Borys Sirskyj Philosophy 2 The above letter makes numerous assumptions about the inherent evil nature of various kinds of Russians, the absolute innocence of the Ukrainians, the . justice and liberty upheld in the “Free World”, and that socialism and Stalinist governmental systems are synonomous. The author makes an ambiguous reference to socialism and promises to inform the world - about the <nature of the “true socialist society” but he fails to do so. He fails to mention the conditions of hunger and scarcity in the rest of Russia for which the system of. collectivization was designed to alleviate, and the comparitive wealth which the Ukrainians refused to share. If, as the letter implies, cbllectivization was so oppressive, why not point out what should be easily delineated contradictions? Basi ng pejoratives such as “red hangmen” on such unclear assumptions is banal, and certainly doesn’t entice support for the argument. The work, assumptions are made around the author’s notions of the “Free World”. That he ignores the fact that the same kind of atrocities have occurred within the boundaries of the “Free World” ,under the guise and rationale of ! democracy, justice and law-not only by the American military and government in ( world war two Japan, Viet Nam, or even in American cities but by various powers within Canada in taking this country away from the Indians-indicates that the author is not truly interested in human rights or in seeking the roots of oppression but only in propagating a personal hatred for the Russians. We will continue to print letters like this one-it is impossible to set arbitrary standards to which letters must conform. Instead, we ask that if you choose to express an opinion through the Feedback section, it be expressed in such a way that it will have meaning, not only for those who support your case, but also for those with whom you are in disagreement. Diatribes deepen division, not understanding.
14
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The Horrid ,Experiment: One of the most saleable commodities on the market today is sex, particularly when packaged in a cellophane aura of social relevance. One of the products of such conditions is a film like The Harrad Experiment, exploiting to its utmost the indulgence of fantasy, and propogating that fantasy which surrounds the sexual level of interpersonal relationships. Steve lzma and Joe Sheridan, upon sitting through a recent showing of The Harrad Experiment were induced to take the matter of which the film is made and comment on the state of sexual experience both emulated and exploited by contemporary film moguls. One can’t distil1 much reality from movies these days. At best, there’s a rare chance that a portrayal is abstractly reminiscent of one’s personal experiences. Or, perhaps, the movie might assault one’s sense of reality with such a contrast as to outline it. However, the superficiality of The Harrad Experiment made even these possibilities very difficult. The whole production of the film was cheap and simple; in fact its form was reminiscent of the kind of European pornography that the Fox theatre has been the last few - years specializing in over (remember Sex Life in a C&vent?): attempting in roundabout ways to portray nudity and sexual “freedom” (sexual confusion, really) and to get by censors with the flimsiest of excuses for “social relevance”. In the case of The Harrad Experiment the issue of social importance presented does seem to be a little more refined and relevant than usual. It takes the urges for sexual diversity or “promiscuity” and places them in contradiction with the need for interpersonal unity and loyalty, yet at the same time suggests that there can be a synthesis of these opposites. In the terms of the movie, the dichotomy is placed in a rather mystifying way: “What is the union of physical and spiritual love?‘.’ Yet in approaching this problem, the protagonists hint at some of our realities: can this union deal with the traditional symptoms of interpersonal pain - infidelity, jealousy, possessiveness, distrust? The scenario, although filled with highly unlikely juxtapositions is nonetheless a useful allegory of our sexual realities: only the tops of are showing, yet from an the icebergs examination of our own lives we can deduce the basis and background of that which is presented. The movie presents a college campus where a liberal academic psychologist and his wife (there’s never any doubt as to who’s in control of the relationship) have somehow talked an administration into letting them set up a sexual newcoming student experiment among residents of the college. The students were interviewed, given an outline of the nature of the experiment and then paired off by the psychologists into male/female roommates. There was apparently no allowance for the -choices of the participants, although they moreor-less readily accepted the decisions. The participants all obviously had wealthy backgrounds, and this lifestyle was maintained at the college (their “cafeteria” was as elegant as the Charcoal Steak House and included wine served at meals). Two couples each shared major importance as protagonists/antagonists in the -film and each was made up of one mate “experienced” and the other relatively “inexperienced” (in one case the inexperienced person was a female, in the other male). These people were all abruptly thrust into physical encounters (in the sense of finding themselves faced with a night together as soon
’
piecing together a \ sexual Frankenstein as they arrived on campus). But, actually, this parallels the forces of circumstances that often impel1 us, without our conscious decisionmaking, into sexual relationships. In the cases of the movie characters, the situations were handled in various and supposedly humourous ways. The embarassment and passivity of the less experienced partners result from being confronted by a wide-open sexuality, very much in contrast to their unassuredness. But these responses are treated in condescending ways, apparently with a humourous intent, but not necessarily doing much to ease the dilemma. In the classroom situations it’s obvious that “Father Knows Best”. Although Professor Tannhouse outlines the rules in an easy-going fashion, the rules are rules and aren’t made by the participants in the light of their own experiences but on Tannhouse’s academic projections of their needs. The students settle meekly into the position of being taught sexual theory. It’s a very typical, and thus, very sterile classroom situation, with the students offering very little in exchange for the flood of words, theories, books to read, and assignments. More dangerously, the students carry around Tannhouse’s ready-made logic in their heads and get into the habit of quoting him on difficult occasions. Far from being enlightened by the professor’s wisdom, the students invariably use his words as crutches or simple answers rather than more deeply examining ’ their own situations and constructing their own relevant logic. They readily accept such all-sweeping yet simplistic statements that denounce jealousy and monogamy as “archaic feelings”there is ho challenging of or attempt at clarifying such an ambiguous analysis. But the nitty-gritty is in the personal relationships: Stanley is so confident of his sexual abilities that he more often than not fails to see that the women he aggressively encounters know precisely both what part of themselves he’s after and how shallow that experience will be. However, his roommate has only an intuitive sense of this; her suspicion is far overshadowed by a shyness and dependence and a desire for a strong and lasting lover. Conversely, Stanley is afraid of being held down by her so he secretly attempts to fuck other women on the campus, something which is against the “Rules” (for a certain time period, anyway) but he succeeds a couple of times. It’s obvious that these relationships are a game of conquest for him and he seems to treat the women as badly as he treats his roommate: being deceitful, keeping his’ “identity” aggressive, domineering, yet mysterious-not allowing his friends to know him, his history, or his background. A good example of his manipulation is an otherwise incredulous scene in the movie where Sharon, his roommate, is temporarily left alone in a restaurant and is bluntly propositioned by a stereotypic dirty old man. She attempts to get rid of him when Stanley returns, understands immediately what is going on and starts to bake a deal with the bastard. After the initial price is doubled Stanley hands Sharon over to the drooling lecher and starts to leave. Needless to say, Sharon is terrified (significantly, she hasn’t yet slept with Stanley although they have lived together for a few weeks, much to Stanley’s selfish frustration). At the last moment, Stanley plays a trick on the client-tobe and rescues Sharon (but keeps the guy’s money). That night, Sharon finally succumbs to Stanley’s “charms”. The power play is obvious. Sharon has been
waiting for the assurance that her lover will be faithful and protect her; she is as unsure of her abilities to love a man as Stanley is sure of his abilities to seduce and screw a woman. And “love” to Sharon is something far beyond whet it appears to be to Stanley. It’s more than genital sexuality, and it’s more than she can understand. Thus, she needs an assurance that Stanley will support her unquestionably until she either figures out what she needs or has it presented to her. Perhaps she needs Stanley to fill in the ga,ps of her own development; perhaps she needs him so that she won’t have to question her feelings of inadequacy or. her loneliness. But it all obviously hinges on Stanley-she clings to him, she freaks and breaks down when he has misused her or has been insincere (although she reacts only in the most extreme of situations-otherwise his importance causes her to ignore the problems). Stanley isn’t concerned by all this and is operating merely on his desires for straight sexual action. When he finally finds himself fucking on the floor with the woman down the hall whom he has been coveting since his his way of communicating to her is: ~ arrival, “You’re pretty good, you know.” Even though she parallels him in sexual coolness (but not in ego) and was quite willing to make love with him, this comment comes to her like a grab in the crotch, and she promptly tells him to leave. Like Sharon, she can’t explain what else besides the genital sexuality is important to her in a relationship, but she is willing and desirous of those brief, diverse, sexual encounters - as long as she isn’t being used like a milkbottle for masturbation. Stanley learns nothing from this. We see him remain unenlightened despite confrontations with rival lovers, Sharon, and the academic lessons. The turning point finally comes when he is embarrassed on the front lawn of the college while attempting to seduce the professor% wife. She has agreed to his unsubtle wishes but starts to remove her clothes and sarcastically address his ego in front of a couple dozen students. Now it’s Stanley’s turn to freak and he runs off, leaving the college but also a note for Sharon to meet him so that they can both “run away together”. Here the nuclear chauvinist dependence is turned upside down. Ignoring all the shit he has -put Sharon through he now draws upon her greater sensitivity; he needs and expects her to come running to him to patch up his ego. But she’s had enough and doesn’t show up. Of course, such a shallow movie cannot come to a profound conclusion, and the last scene is ludicrous and mystifying. Stanley returns to the college and is magically reinstated among his friends by looking humbled, joining hands with them and chanting “zoom” to signify their togetherness. There is nothing to indicate how, why, or even if he has truly transformed. Will his attitudes towards Sharon be less exploitative in the future? Does this final response indicate that she has examined her own attitudes towards their relationship? The old acts still speak thunderously in the absence of any new communicated understanding between “lovers”. The prime intent of the experiment is to cause the students to learn about their sexual experiences. The assumption is that if people are conscious about what happens between themif they are willing to face and deal with the problems as well as mutually recognize the good things that arise in any relationship only then will that relationship or any future relationship improve, expand, deepen, become more satisfying. Half-a-loaf is better than none, and a
no’ -err
good, stimulating phy! good for us, even if we we are doing. But how n and productive relation! small freak-outs that grow into larger suspit Here’s where a dichotomy affects us actions have for so’lon that it’s not much WOI talk about our’ most int Way back among our pr be that when a sexual c was satisfied as soo4n a that they didn’t have m usually right away. The soon put a stop to tha need to organize them: patterns of life (i.e. buil food, exchanging pro dances for scarcer timec suppress our more spar, with this growth of language. Words have always knowledge, but its ,_mo been as a means o Beginning in childhood we can understand wore good, what to do and WI these commands are forceful means - a stror threats of withdrawal c case the result is “log restricting our activiti “speaks” to us about activity from masturbat most diverse forms of h us about the problems o that many people preconceptions that dist Behind the impositior a power structure: withi parent over child; in 1 usually man over worn2 throughout history PI stable in that they have oppressor and oppresses how they ultimately un sanity of both and tear In addition, the frustra and erupt into other k But where words mig clarifying the nature o! thus be used for our lil result in a complicatioi We are taught to U: about our experiences ; results in a limited ( perience. Since our worl peculiar and diverse pe can do little more tha experience and only y ,el within a larger context ( example, can mean s conflicting experiences: sexuality’s passion, wti recalls feelings related screwing, conquering. important ‘personal si result in confusion, (another obvious and il love me?“) , The easiest way out remain silent (perhcip “euphoric jof’j; or, at move conversation relevant to one’s persc intimacy of sexuality, always be somewhat r-t since it’s very difficult 1 almost impossible duri And then, it’s also v( decide to make love wh a table verbally sharin (or not so intimate bl relevant) experiences. Thus we so often end relationships: either 1 tellectual. The split is dreams, regularly reinf society and its voice, Experiment is a prime by now should be recogl forms to us, but fundar variety of sexual raptur emotional or personal “lovers”; on the other porting each other, J storms, achieving , pt dependent attraction daughter) without tl
c- 16,~-1973
:al, encounter is often )n’t think about what ny potentially healthy ips are lost because of remaining unspoken, ,ns and mistrust? tndamental human everely. Words and been in contradiction er we are hesitant to rate physical activity. ial ancestors it used to ;e grew in a person, it possibleconsidering :h else to do, that was evelopment of society Once people felt the .ves into more stable lg shelters, producing abun1cts, creating t became necessary to neous feelings. Along iciety developed our
the
notations, or with fear of the sexual tensions. But the sexual-generates a need for the intellectual intercourse and the intellectual generates a need for a physical experiential base. Is it worth solving this contradiction? Does learning to communicate more clearly have anything to do with learning to respond physically and sexually in a more spontaneous and less exploitative way? The Harrad Experiment’s academic variations don’t seem to be that productive, but neither is merely talking
working; we can’t make love while we’re in school. Our sexuality is aroused to varying degrees whenever someone else’s beauty is presented to us, by their presence or their appearance or even when we are reminded of it through photographs or pornography. But these urges are contradicted by many forms of socially imposed logic (or, more legitimately, logic induced by our previous social experiences) : “it’s against the law”, he or she will refuse me”, “our relationship won’t develop into anything that affects my life or reduces the
about sexuality within the framework that schools have imposed on us. We can no longer study legic and force it onto our experiences. All logic arises from experience and each new experience must transform or destroy old logic. The refusal to seek or recognize a change in our experience and to continue to act conservatively based on old logic is at the root of a great deal of our exploitative activity (“You’re hurting me.” “Bullshit. I’ve never hurt anyone before.“-no need for second guesses at which gender is most likely to make which statement). We must be increasingly sensitive to both our own feelings and to those of others-especially the feelings of people we make personal commitments to, whether sexual or intellectual, temporary or lasting. In both contrast and similarity, our sexuality has been channelled and disciplined since birth in ways similar to the restrictive development of our intellect. We can’t make love while we’re
problems of my toil”, “I will probably be subordinated and- exploited and used to satisfy his (sometimes “her”) selfish needs.” We can’t deny the possibilities of joy and satisfaction in the release and experience of our organic sexuality-at least in its ideal, unpolluted forms - but how “natural” can we be as products of our present society? Like food that has been kept in storage for too long does our sexuality rot? Less harshly, do the spoiled outer layers of our sexuality need to be peeled away before we can experience unpoisonous and undestructive love relations? The split between sexual and intellectual interaction is reflective of many other divisions within our society: the division between intellectual and physical labour; forms of consumption like intellectual games or entertainment (media) that exclude physical involvement or physical activities which are structured to prevent an intellectual un-
been used to share forceful growth has implementing laws. t a point even before we are told how to be t not to do; of course, ways backed up’ by arm or perhaps even parental love. In any ” imposed onto and . Society thoroughly ie dangers of sexual n right through to the uality (it even warns narriage to the extent ter marriage with t the real experience). F these rules is always 1 family it is probably 3 larger society it is These relations have red to be generally teen accepted by both but we have also seen rmine the health and part the relationship. ns are often diverted is of social conflict. be a crucial aspect of hese oppressions and Bation, they too often If the situation. words to be specific Cs, however, usually Isession of that exarise out of so many ma1 experiences they meflect or suggest an nore specific meaning vords. “Fucking”, for many different and rhaps it reminds us of th, joy; or perhaps it 0 raping, misusing, re use of words in tions can so often lranoia, - freak-outs ic example: “Do you ’ the confusion is to under the guise of ast, it is to skilfully ay from anything 1 feelings -or _to the ‘he discussion must ved from the reality alk after orgasm and lovemaking. difficult to suddenly you’re sitting around lath other’s intimate ;till stimulating and with extremes in our sexual or the inarized into ideals or ed by our dominant media (The Harrad mpl4. These dreams ble in many different tally: on one hand, a nencumbered by any bmmitment between nd two people suphering each other’s Ps, an Oedipal-like Ither-son or fathernasty sexual con-
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derstanding of the activities’ relevance to they rest of society (e.g. the notion that “politics should stay out of international sports”). But, once again, behind these splits and reinforcing them we see the hierarchical power structures of our society. On the false supposition of the peacefulness and intelligence of our society there is the domination by means of words and so-called intelligence over the activities of the rest of society; the generalizations - and ambiguities of words controlling the particular needs and actions of the various small groups within society (but, of course, words that are backed up by force-either physical or psychic). On the level of personal relationships there is the domination within the family of father over mother over children. The nuclear family has become the basic model of society (hence its name) in the form of the ideal unit of consumption (two- families consuming separately spend more than two families consuming together); the ideal unit of dependence (each member of the family has an exclusive function and thus each member is dependent on the others for survival-there is little sharing of responsibility) ; -and thus the ideal form for producing members of a society’that is competitive and aggressive. The domination of man over woman over children permeates our society; that of man over- woman is most intense (obviously) in sexual relations. This is not usually an intellectual/sexual split but mostly a male domination by means of intellect ‘as well as of sexuality. Men are largely unconscious of their exploitative activity because they have come to expect their domination as the proper form of reality and because they benefit from those kinds of relations more than do women. To a man, the attainment of a sexual relationship in which he is dominant becomes a conquest: the apparent realisation of all he has been taught about competition and aggression., It is not in his interest to talk to his wife about their sexuality, because the more she thinks about it, the more likely she will want to reject the unequal union. However, if she is conscious enough to point out the inadequacies of what he, too, must feel (although these problems are much deeper in a man’s consciousness, below all the layers of socialized aggression), then, perhaps, the integration of the physical/intellectual can lead them to deal with the effects of the dominant/ dominating society on them. But it’s highly unlikely that a woman isolated within a family is going to be able to develop her consciousness of these problems. She is bound to a lover/husband who is putting down her consciousness and, thus, her sexuality, and indirectly causing her to feel guilty about the problems that nag at the back of her mind. In the true competitive sense, her lover has become her opponent; his success, if he measures it in terms of hierarchical aspirations makes it necessary for him to have his primary conquest in his home. But women have managed to make collective links among themselves, and this has posed a true threat to both dominant males and dominating personal relations. The facts that the women’s movement has been so explosive and that it has had almost equally explosive reactions from men are indications of who benefits from what. _ The women’s movement is an articulate movement; it’s only major problems arise when its articulations as directed towards men become hostile and antagonistic toward the possibility of reintegration, or of a mutual working out of these personal and social problems. A woman can learn to use either her sexuality or her intellect as a power over a man, especially if the man is conscious and vulnerable in respect to his role as a male in a maledominant society. We’ll probably always have our innate sexual ability (although it may be expressed in different forms), but as society grows more complex (and revolution doesn’t necessarily uncomplicate things), our instinctual energies are more and more tossed around in bewilderment. The development of society is increasingly in abstract intellectual spheres; it is becoming obviously dangerous and harmful to drag our asses when gaining an understanding and sensitivity of our bodies. On the contrary, however, our bodies might evolve physically to represent our mind/body estrangement, But somehow the idea of being a , giraffe doesn’t seem appealing.
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16
the chevron
friday,
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I .Q.‘s we would in logic have to send a of the white substantial fraction population to those schools, and a substantial fraction of the black people to white schools, wouldn’t we? Now, racism consists, please note, in treating peQple badly because of their race, and not because of their intelligence. Statistical correlations for intelligence and race, therefore, do not forward the cause of rights of others. Unless and until there is racism at all. And this is something which to believe this of very good reason people like Higgs and Wadge, and all of another, it is a vicious slander to refer to the others who have reacted so hastily to him as a racist and it is als a sign of yellow do the Jensen articles and others, ought journalism, something to which the 1 to bear in mind before they dip their pens current left, in the grand tradition of into the vitroil. In the present instance, of Marx, seems to be a conditioned response. course, the fallacy in question is one which I suggest that people just leave off of this who are people like Wadge, vicious tendency and discuss these immathematicians, are in a peculiarly good I portant matters with proper respect for position to kqow about. the persons concerned. It may, perhaps be not entirely Second, I wish to make a point which gratuitous to add, at this point, that nobody in the leftist reactions to the anybody who thinks that intelligence is Jensen/et al literature has apparently relevant to discriminations of the kind noticed. Wadie and Higgs, ‘apparently, go that justice is concerned with, is not doing along with people on both the radical left his moral homework very well anyway. and the radical right in thinking that if a Since when, pray tell, has it been the case correlation between race and intelligence that the fact that A is smarter than B is a %vere really established, then that would reason for depriving B of the vote? Or justify racist policies of some sort. Would making him eat at a segregated lunch somebody please try to produce the counter? It is, of course, a reason for not reasoning involved in this inference? I making B a professor of mathematics, one suspect that if you will take the trouble to hopes. But then is that really unjust.,’ do this, you will notice that the anyway? Please swallow very hard if you reasoning involves either fallacy or inthink so, gentle reader. justice or both; and the fallacy in question Meanwhile, to any ordinary sense’. of is perpetuated just as much by people who justice, arbitrary discrimination on the
Jensen no bigot I ; \
A few remarks”
For the past three weeks the science and technology chevron’s section has run a series of articles on the theories of Arthur Jensen ‘and others concern&g the intelligence of blacks. The series by Denis Higgs and Bill Wadge of P,we Math, is discussed here by Jan Narveson of Philosophy, who disputes some of the claims made by Wadge and Higgs. Narveson has written anoth?r letter as well; exigencies of space, however, preclude its appearance until next, week, at which time the chevron also hopes to obtain some reply from Psychology professor Jim Dyal, coauthor of a textbook which ‘was subjected to serious criticisms in the series. The chevron is also pleased to take this opportunity to run a cartoon on this page which did not appear last week due to the objections of Higgs and Wadge who found it “offensive”. We feel that in recognition of the long hours of work that went into this cartoon, at least, it deserves to be run despite their reservations. I do have a few remarks to make on the second of the series on race and IQ which Higgs and Wadge are doing. Only the first of these is really a complaint, but it is a real one. There was a great flurry of the purplest kind of invective about the recent work on race and intellignece in the American PhiIosophical Association a year or two ago, and the scenario was as predictable as the stars in their courses. Whenever social scientists get into issues like this, you may rest assured that the next morning, there will be a wave of indignation from either the “Left” or the “Right” (or both, likely), which takes the form of impugining in the most slanderous of the scientists in way the motives qtiestion. Higgs and Wadge appear to be carrying on this tradition in the presept article. The subtitle of it is, “New Rationales for Bigotry”, and it is said there that Jensen’s genetic theories are “attractive to a thoroughgoing racist” and there are “others just as vicious”. Now, nobody so far, neither Hilary Putnam of the APA nor Wadge and Higgs nor anybody else whose works I’ve seen-admittedly only a small proportion to be sure-has ever actually produced anything like evidence that Jensen or Herrnstein or any of the other important figures in this controversy (except Shockley, who is in any case regarded as a crank by the establishment, whereas Jensen decidedly is not) is, in point of cold accurate semantical fact, a “Racist”, or a bigot; and it is miles froni the intentions of any of these gentlemen even to bother with evidence for propositions like that. Now, Jensen and the others may or may not be right in their-by the way, highly tentative-conclusions about the bearing of race on intelligence; and if they are wrong, it may or may not be because of faulty statistics or inadequate sampling or statistics, whatever. But faulty inadequate sampling, and so forth, are defects in scientific method, and unless simply disregarded or trompled upon in the most irresponsible manner, they are not on the face of it evidence of “racism”. I take the term ‘racist’ to be a serious, genuine, and useful term of abuse; and you abuse terms of abuse when you apply them in the way that people like Wadge and Higgs are doing. ‘Racism’ applies to people’s motives and intentions about the other races they imply hatred and at least lack of acknowledgement of the moral
on racism,
.
17. Which of the above pictures 18. Why?
want to criticize scientists for even suggesting there may be such a correlation as by journalists who deny it. The fallacy is as follows. As everyone knows, such properties as I.&. are distributed in any population on a normal curve. This means that a lot of people are going to be above and a lot more below average in the population in question. Now suppose that the’ average I.Q. of black people really is several points lower than that of whites (just as the average I .Q . of yellow people, incidentally, is widely believed, including by such “rascists” as Jensen, to be several points higher than that of white people, a fact which Wadge and Higgs understandably make no reference to in their diatribe). In that case, it would follow that a substantial fraction of the black population has a higher I .Q. than most white people, just as much as it follws that most blacks would have a lower I.Q. than most whites. Now, what sort of justification for genuine racism would this be, pray tell? If, for instance, we were to confine negroes to inferior schools because of their lower
november
16, 1973 _ ‘.
thing the genetic However, one hypothesis does imply is that it is not only possible but quite likely that I .Q. will vary considerably among people exposed to much the same enviromental families. In such families, -what we generally find is that most of the children seem quite comparable in intellectual ability; but we also tend to find that often there are remarkable variations. In the cases where these are too remarkable, as when one child is mongoloid, it must be obvious that genetic factors are at work; But there are also cases where one child out of four or five is a genius, and innumerable cases where one or two children are suibstantially different from the others in this respect. What is interesting the enabout these cases is that vironmental factors are here held about as constant as it is humanly possible to hold them. (Notice how Higgs and Wadge point to the fact that people are brought up by near relatives as a factor promoting similarity of expected I .Q., for instance.) The fact that this kind of variation in the face of this kind of environmental similarity is so frequent is, on the face of it, just as strong support for the genetic hypothesis as is the tendency for people to have, on the whole, comparable intelligence to that of their parents. The attention of the Chevron’s readers should also be called to an a&cle in a #fairly recent issue of Atlantic magazine, that for May 1973, in which the gloomy results of a ve@ massive survey done in the U.S. are discussed. This survey, done on several hundred thousand children over a period of many years, indicated that the hoped-for tendency of equalization of educational facilities to narrow the gap between, among other things, the races, was simply not materializing. It is an interesting and sobering development, and raises fairly searching questions, as the author points out, of educatbnal policy. Nobody can say very easily what the answer is. But I hope that it will cool the tendency to be doctrinaire, i priori, and cavalier about such questions of fact as the bearing of genetic factors, and with them possibly of racial ones, on intelligence. It will be interesting to see the next installment of the Higgs-Wadge articles, from this point of view. On the face of it, the contentions that there is no such thing as “intelligence”, or that I.Q. tests have nothing to do with it, do not have much to recommend them. It would also be interesting to see someone from the Psychology department brough in to comment on their results. I presume that the authors, or the Chevron, have taken steps to that end. Jan Narveson Philosophy Department
is out of place?
basis of intelligence is just as arbitrary and therefore as unjust as arbitrary discrimination on the basis of. ajnything else. This is the other half of the terrific fallacy involved in supposing that empirical correlations of race and intelligence would be a foundation of racism. It would, of course, be an unsound foundation; but it is an odd sort of logic which criticizes A for supplying B with unsound foundations for morally objectionable doctrines. Any sentence taken from the soundest moral scripture to found anywhere-the hages of the Chevron, for examplewill surely provide anybody with an ample supply of unsound foundation for any evil view you care to name. Third, a small methodogical point. The genetic hypothesis about intelligence is, I take it, that intelligence is determined to some, presumably large, degree by one’ genetic make-up. Now, this hypothesis does not imply, as a hasty reading might prompt one to think, that children will have the same I.Q.‘s as their parents, the reason being that it may be a function of recessive genes, among other things.
We have seen only part of Prof. Narveson’s letter[s]; should a further reply be necessary, it must wait. However one paragraph is so wildly unfactual that it must be answered immediately. We are tQld of a US survey conducted “over a period of years” indicating that the “tendency of equalization of educational facilities” has not narrowed the gap between the races. The Chevron reader is thus treated to a garbled version of a distorted Atlantic Monthly article based on C. Jenck’s disputed interpretation of the US Govt. Coleman report. The report itself documented segregation of the schools, and inferiority of those attended by minorities [ p. 81. The data were gathered in the latter part of 1965 [p.l]. Thus it neither documented nor investigated “tendencies of equalization ” “over a period of years” These are Narveson’s additions. Bill Wadge
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FRIDAY Baha’i fireside at 7:30 pm in Village 1 S8-210. Interested? Drop in or call Andy 884-7577.
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Pub-dance with Pannuts, 12 member West Indian Steel Band. Sponsored by International S-tudents Association. International food WIII be at pub. 8 pm in Village 1 Red and Green. lxthus Coffee House- this every Friday. free coffee mission. speech and love.
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Model plane flying for 75 cents at the W.W. airport at 7:30 pm. Circle K club meeting at 6 pm in the campus centre room 135. Chess club at 7:30 centre room 135.
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Extractive industries and landscape damage. 8:30 pm in Bl-271. Trip to Buffalo to see gallery of modern art, and much more. Sponsored by the fine arts guild. Two buses going. 2 dollars for arts members and 3.25 for others. 8:30 am at the humanities circle. Paralegal Assistance needs volunteers. Meeting at 8 pm in campus centre 135. Mature students association general meeting. 8 pm in humanities undergraduate lounge.
“Radical drag and friends” an evening q Transcendental troductory lecture. with gay lib. Visual stereotypes. For more information call ext. 2372. 8’pm in campus centre 113. THURSDAY TUESDAY Duplicate bridge open pairs. 7 pm in social science lounge.
Black Forest Ill coffee house-a full \ evening of music, coffee and cider. St. Paul’s College at 8 pm.
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SUN. NOV. 25 2:30 p.m. ART GALLERY FILM Film: LEONARDO DA VINCI Following the film, a tour will be conducted to the Depts. of Mechanical Engineering and Systems Design to see the computers in operation. This is in connection with the Computer Mediated Art Exhibition in the Art Gallery. Theatre of the Arts Free Admission
NOV. 27 - DEC. 1 8 p.m. ’ TR<OILUS I AND CRESSIDA,. Shakespeare directed by Peter O’Shaughnessy Perhaps the most un-clear-cut of Shakespeare’s plays, Troilus and Cressida was for many years regarded as his worst. A “hea,p of rubbish under which so many excellent thoughts lie wholly buried”. In this century, however, attitudes have’changed, and Troilus and Cressida has come to be regarded as one of Shakespeare’s major, and most modern works. Theatre of the Arts Admission $1.25, students 75 cents
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tienuine virgin release .
,
The notion that “the test of time” provides esthetic judgements of eternal validity is one of those unexamined assumptions whichhelps to make criticism of the musical arts a snake’s nest of metaphysical banalities and off-colour opinions. If a hitherto neglected area of popular music becomes fashionable again, for example the current “fifties revival” phenomenon, one can safely expect a rash of breathless articles in the the rock press explaining how group X or person Y had a hotline to the period’s Zeitgeist;in the somewhat more academically oriented fields of classical and jazz music, on the other hand, a resurgence of popularity is liable to be attributed to the triumph of artistic integrity over commercial materialism, and is often held to be a of whatever posthumous . v.indication critical baggage the reviewer brings to his task. Well, “pishtosh!” as we say in the provinces. Most “revivals” are just as commercially calculated as this week’s hot new group from England: it’s nice to have a spate of Billy Holiday reissues, but they happened because Paramount fobbed off a piece of cinematic dreck called Lady Sings the Blues on an ignorant if nostalgic audience, and the alvalanche of 50’s material reflects only the existence of a large affluent market old enough to be sentimental about their adolescence. The current renaissance of interest in late Romantic classical music, similarly, is a clever marketing ploy directed at those whose tastes in “serious music” have been formed by premature exposure to Hollywood soundtracks. Far from proving the ultimate good judgement of history, the preservation of some good works of musical art as opposed to others is almost \ always a strictly economic decision, a market research and matter of demographics into which esthetic questions simply do not enter. All of which constitutes a strong admonition to look at reissued, rereleased, or just-found-when-we-were-cleaning-outthe-warehouse material with the same critical eye you would focus on newer stuff. You can usually tell quite a bit from the packaging alone: in the case of the recent Billie Holiday reissues, for example, attention to the fine print reveals that almost all of Columbia’s material stems from two 3-Lp sets issued in the mid-60’s, although they -have cleverly managed to come up with a total of twelve Lps (to date) by repackaging and rearranging this material in different ways. Although this is gorgeous music, you’re going to be severely ripped off unless you’re careful. The ESP record company, on the other hand, has taken the_ trouble to acquire some genuinely new and previously unreleased Billie Holiday tapes and has put them out “warts and all” on the first two (ESP 3002 and 3003) of a projected series of four albums. Since most of the songs were recorded on less than state-of-the-art apparatus, the sound is quite rough at times, but this is more than compensated for by the freshness and verve of Billie’s interpretations. Columbia has partially redeemed itself with Clifford Brown/The Beginning and the End (KC 32284)) gen-yoo-ine virgin previously unreleased performances which showcase a trumpeter who, despite a premature death at the age- of 26, was arguably the finest modern jazz proponent
of his instrument (given Miles’ recent sidetracking into jazz for the permanently stoned). Brown’s solos on the three long tracks which comprise the meat of the album are simply incredible: burning, jumping, wailing cascades of notes which never lapse into incoherence, but find a satisfying logical resolution for every flight of fancy. Timeless music, indeed, although you’d best obtain a copy quickly-chances are it will be discontinued when it fails to sell half a zillion copies. Even if record companies were doing a stellar job on their reissues, which they sure as heck are not, we would stil1 have to ask them why they release so much new material that noone with any music sensibilities can keep up with unless they specialize (in groups from southwestern Bavaria, say). This is particularly aggravating in the case of companies which put out the same record over and over again of whom CT1 is perhaps the worst offender. Having identified and “penetrated” (that’s the market research word, you clods who think the Chevron is obscene of its own volition) the Playboyreaders market, CT1 has played it very safe indeed by issuing 31 albums of cocktail jazz just perfect -for seducing an airline stewardess or masturbating (the presumed continuum of Playboy-readers’ behavior) . Unfortunately their albums pale rather quickly should you actually be in the mood to listen to them. Cases in point are Soul Box (Kudu KUX 1213) by Grover Washington, Jr. and Mizrab (CT1 6026) by Gabor Szabo, which despite different instrumental forces are cut from the same “easy listening” cloth. Both feature large-scale orchestral arrangements not very far.removed from those of the Motown variety, and reasonably capable jazz soloists (based on their other recordings) who have decided to take the money and run. You can tell them apart because Washington plays the Saxophone and Szabo the guitar, but otherwise the similarities are too pronounced to be merely the result of chance. These albums do sell, unfortunately, presumably to people for whom a little quasi-hip background music is functional, but even if you are that sort of person you’ll find far more musical content on any of the “Charlie Parker with strings” albums. So: if you sometimes wonder about the machinations of the music industry, you’ll do far better to- concern yourself with Gresham’s Law“ Bad money drives out good” - than with the temporary idealism of some poor hack who gets paid by- the
yard to fantasize about the eternal survival of deathless art, be he prof or promo man. In contemporary recorded music, as in most other things, what a small group of men think will sell is the primary criterion for what. gets born and what gets aborted; and these men are not wealthy capitalists or evil financiers, but simply specialists paid to do a certain job in a certain manner. They think they know us well and they and they are right. -paul stuewe
An opulent ensemble The Orford String Quartet gave their second concert in Waterloo last Friday in the Theatre of the Arts. Since their first appearance there, roughly five years ago during an engineering conference, they have improved immeasurably in every respect. We were treated to opulent tone, immaculate ensemble playing, and interpretations on the highest artistic level. Indeed, as a total effort, I can think of none from’ my years in Waterloo that I would rate as clearly more successful than this one. The program was remarkably, and unrelievedly , ambitious, beginning with the Beethoven Op. 135 in F Major, which was his last quartet and next-to-last piece of music. It is strikingly different in character from its overpowering predecessors nos. 12-15, being in this respect somewhat reminiscent of the Symphony no. 8, also in F Major. It is an overstatement to say as Joseph de Marliare does, that it is “infinitely less in its imaginative significance” than they; but it is true to say that the three fast movements are displays of wit at the most fantastic level of genius, while the slow movement is fully as fateful, as imbued with feelings of tragic conflict and reconciliation to fate, as those of the preceding late quartets. The Orford probably should not have opened the program with it, for, as the players confirmed after the concert, they were not really settled into things as yet during the first movement or so, and gave a slightly fidgety and episodic account thereofthough to their great credit, and significant of their now immense professionalism, this was not at the ex-
pense of tone or intonation. I would have liked the Vivace movement to be a bit more so, and also felt a slight lack of cello sound here and there. But the account of the Lento movement was very satisfying; in another twenty years or so, we can look forward to their extracting the very last degree of poignancy from this great movement, but meanwhile their Friday account will do very well. The finale was altogether precise and well-organized, though again, I’d have liked it just a shade quicker. For listeners new to, and captivated by this quartet, I recommend in general the magnificent performances by the\ Yale quartet on Vanguard Cardinal records, though their 16th is not their best. (I am told the Hungarian Quartet has that honour, but have not heard it myself.) Next up was another piece of perhaps greater weight and even more demanding on the players, the wonderful Bartok Quartet no. 4. The Orford men sailed into this one with vigour and enthusiasm-it is, they said, a comparatively recent addition to their repertoire, and one could not miss the enthusiasm and concentration of the players during this fine performance. My small differences. in matters of interpretation here concern, again, mainly, the quickest movements, which I think call ‘for a fleetfooted approach, which among other things affords contrast with their surroundings. Is there, by the way, a movement anywhere to match in eery wit the 2nd movement of this quartet, the Prestissimo con sordino? Zowie! (For record collectors, I suggest the Julliard performances in a 3disc Columbia set, D31 317. Try to get an imported pressing, though-Canadian Columbia is a degenerate and tin-eared organization .) Finally we had the weighty First Quartet of Brahms, in which the Orford demonstrated that it is as well-equipped for Romantic music as for Beethoven and Bartok. Here a big, glowing, burnished sound is needed and was supplied. This is one of Brahms’ dramatic stormy works, similar in mood to the First Symphony, also in C minor (undoubtedly, Brahms has in mind the works of Beethoven in that key, notably the fifth symp‘hony);and it requires an unflagging intensity for its performance which must be rather exhausting, especially after two other demanding works. But again, there was only the slightest roughening of the ensemble at the very end. Audience approval was at an appropriately high level of enthusiasm, and it is time, I suggest, for us to think seriously of detaching the chamber music category from our Humanities series, or supplementing it. For with talent like this available just 70 miles down the road in Toronto,There the Orford are artists in residence, and groups of similar stature not so farther away, I suspect that we can find 500 souls in this town who would want to come out more than once or twice a year to partake in the unique musical joys which only a fine chamber ensemble can afford. The Orford ensemble has been playing together for some eight sessions now, and it is clear that if they continue together they are destined to become one of the elite in international quartets - indeed, they are only infinitesimally short of it now. -jan narveson
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Good 9 01 motown Thank goodness for good old Motown. In these days of glitter-rock, fern-rock, blues-rock, rock-operas, country-rock, and all the other loud, noisy same-sounding abberations of an idion which has seen its better days, there is still a consistent source of un-glittered and un-tampered and un-amplified music which keeps growing while it continues to be true to its musical roots. Neither One of Us, the newest from Gladys Knight and the Pips (TamlaMotown S737L), is the perfect example of the Motown exceilence. This is goad solid Motown soul; Gladys Knight has one of the clearest; strongest and still most sensual voices in popular music today, and it’s displayed at its best here. From the almost-too-sweet “For Once In My Life” to straight out soul-rockers like “Daddy Could Swear” or “Can’t Give It Up No More”, Gladys is out front and in charge of this music. The Pipsincluding Gladys’little brother Meraldare left in the background behind Gladys’ powerful vocals on this album, but they fill in all the right places. In all senses, this is a perfectly satisfactory LP for Motown followers. One of the best examples of Motown change and experimentation is Stevie Wonder. Starting out as a straightforward soul singer, he has emerged as one of the most daring and talented musical experimenters around. And Inner Visions (Tamla/Motown T326L) is a joyful exhibition of those talents. It stands as a natural and spirited extension of Music of My Mind and Talking Book, proving Wonder to be among the most innovative of those experimenting with electronic rock. While people like Edgar Winter turn the guitar into little more than a super-amplified guitar or piano, Wonder uses it as an organic outgrowth of the music he writes. His Moog and Arp synthesizers never dominate the other voices and inform struments, but help the backgrounds - snappy and irrestistable on the rockers, lush and full on ballads. Wonder’s main attraction, however, is his voice-one of the most liquid and elastic in rock-which is appealing enough to save several sleepers on this LP which sounds as if they could have been written for Johnny Mathis or Brazil 77. On the rockers, though, he succeeds even more than in Talking Book in fusing Motown funkiness with up-beat and wide-open rock. “He’s Misstra Know-It-All” is the best example of this, building to a hypnotically reiterative chorus -reminiscent of “I Your Baby” on Believe” and “Maybe Talking Bookwhile his voice ranges from quietly coaxing to angry, raspy shouts. “Living for the City” is another funkified rocker which brings all his vocal gymnastics -into play in a powerful musical and social statement. Since he wrote all the music on this LP and plays more instruments than most bands have membersThe does all the vocal and instrumental work on three of the cutsInner Visiqns can’t help but strengthen his position as me .of khe strongest, most talented and versatile artists working today. Unfortunately, records passing by me these.days’ without the Motown label out fro& are all starting to sound alike. Steely Dan, for example, was a promising band just a year or so ago when they hit the AM charts with a joyously simple rock cut titled “Reelin’ In the Years.” But their second album, Count-
down to Ectasy (ABC&779), is a disappointment. This LP is full of talented but shopworn rock, and shows Steely Dan to be just another pretty face in the crowd. “King of the World”, for example, is a snappy enough rdcker, but lacks any real spirit, and could have been done by any of a hundred groups puttingout albums today. Scrubbaloe Caine is an unabashed copycat and makes no apologies for playing straight-out imitative rock-blues. Their first album, Round One, is full of lively rock which mimics everyone from Ten Years After to Johnny Winter and Led Zep, but the copying is done with such honest, hard-rocking verve that. it’s easy to be taken in by this group. Especially so on a toe-tapping rockhoedown titled “Feelin Good on Sunday”, featuring great licks by Henry Small’s electric violin. But in the end, it is really nothing but carbon-copy rock, and it looks as if Scrubbaloe will have to keep on playing University%f Waterloo if they can’t come up with something original. For those who are still resisting electronic ZO-megaton rock, B. W. (Buckwheat) Stevenson’s new album, My Maria will be welcome. With his own guitar and a little help from his friends on acoustic guitar, keyboards and bass, Stevenson presents a quiet and pleasing set of 10 songs, ranging from soft rock to uncomplicated folk, with some nice pickin’ and Stevenson’s disarming but unexceptional voice. It contains his two AM hits, the title cut and “Shambala”, with which he was pushed off the Top-40 by the ubiquitous Three-Dog Night. : -gs kaufman
Dogmatism in Modern Culture is a reunion of discourses and articles where there is a consistent lack of a dialogue, as in the various discqurses -there are references to debates that are not transcribed and Goldmann, in two articles answers to one article that is not previously mentioned. The book is therefore very circumstantial, it does not present any theoretical profundity nor any concrete analysis of any cultural work. In spite of this, one can encounter indications as to why Goldmann’s method has (or seems to have) been neglected. “Genetic structuralism” tries to unite with explanation. The comprehension (inethtid first departs from a partial structure, the literary or philosophical work, trying to include, the social life that will ultimately exhlain its origin, so that later there can on a A------ - be a re-introduction The other important characteristic of Goldmann’s method is to treat these mental structures only- as a collective creation, as a “vision of the world” of determined social groups. A large portion of the book is dedicated to the comparison between the Freudian and the sociological method. The latter holds that-the subject of cultural creation is transindividual and the Freudian analysis serves only as a biographical clarification, as an accessory to the work of an author. Lucien Goldmann affirms that it is the socio-historical analysis which demonstrates the universal, social, esthetic, social value of the work. One- could ask if it is not the --_ ‘wider 1 scale. The relationship -between social life and intellectual creativity does not address itself to the content of these two sectors,’ but rather to the mental structures-the’ common categories to
,
, sociological analysis which indicates what a work has of the relative, not of the universal. But the criticism of psycho-analysis ’ while -it is a method of literary analysis daes not *,restrict itself to its individual ’ character. Its greatest defect is that it “will never tell us what in this work can be distinguished from a sketch or the writing of an insane person (mentally alientated)“.“ But, what separates a work of art from the written work of an alienated person is precisely the fact that the latter only relates to his or her desires and not to a universe with its laws and the problems which place themselves within it”. Here is , where the distance that detaches us from Lucien Goldmann and his good psychological sense becomes apparent. , today it is no longer postulated that a method not place on the same level, the
from nyr
Nouveau Roman Criticism and Dogmatism in Modern Culture. by Lucien Goldmann. After the epidemic of literary structural analyses, Levi-Strauss, Jaques Lacan and adj acencies, philosophers like . Lucien Goldmann were forgotten about. Some, the faithful f&lowers of Goldmann and his mentor Lukacs, tried to explain the phenomenon sociologically. But ‘before ‘kmplahing’ a theoretica phenw$n its sociological context perhaps one should ask whether or not its demise was motivated by its mediocrity. Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) dedicated himself primarily to the sociology of culture, having written about Racine, Pascal, Malraux, Robbe-Grillet and the like. He created the method known as “genetic structuralism”, inspired no doubt by Lukacs. Criticism and
both. The relationship between the social structures and the literary is one of homology, of formal semblance. The “nouveau roman” , for example is a French literary style that is noted fsr the presence of descriptiqn in the place of narration, and for the nearly total absence of characters in the traditional sence, in action or in happenings. This would be the transposition to the literature of contempdrary society, bureaucratic and technocratic, that makes the individual passive. Until now, there is only an explanation of a literary fact; But the “catechism” of the author soon enters, and in two antagonistic moments. In the first phase k-‘--k 1 4a roman” valid and authentic for being a mirror of co-.ltemporary industrial society. In a later phase, he feels that such works are an impoverishment of cultural creativity, the “mirror” is a “recount” without anxiety, without “disapproval”. For a work to be “enriching” it is necessary that it be “realistic” and “moralistic”. The author wants both the photographs and the captions.
work of a “genius” (or of a hack) with that of a “madman”. Much to contrary, as already psycho-analysis is being accused of isolating the “patient” from the “doctor”. The sociological, thought of Lucien Goldmann, omitting the analysis of culture and linguistics, for its formalistic nature, and psjlcho-analysis for its individualistic nature and its bent towards the abnormal (the dream, the maniacal), becomes incapable of understanding the literatulre of the twentieth century, where the language and the unconscious prevail not only in the works but also implicitly in the debates and projects of the writers. The sterility of the method perhaps &&&r-s&se &j&ion, than a new application of the method to justify its own decadence. And there is implicit dogmatism in the attacks upon the “nouveau roman”, structuralism etc. . , . which denies Goldmann’s assertion that dogmatism is a social phenomenon. Dogmatism is inherent in certain methods that urge literature to say what it does not want to say. - john morris
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grincant
Last review of Last Tango
23
accepting or. rejecting the apartment. arrangement than, say most ‘women today are free to choose between becoming or not becoming a fairly typical housewife. But still her life is, or seems to be, dominated by the lives and decisions of men. In the apartment, it is Paul who orders her about and calls the sexual signals; in her “real” life it is her fiance who induces her to take part in a film about her and her childhood which she says she does not want to do. kt one point, she screams at her fiance that he is “raping her mind”, just as Paul 0 is raping her body in the apartment. Yet there is a deliberateness to her passivity; when Paul decides to extend the happiness he feeis when with her to the outside world, it is she who rejects it, she The run of Poor Bitos offered by the who realizes the impossibility of _the Creative Arts Board last week was no transfer-r-al and she who decides Paul no doubt intended as some sort of political longer fits into her plans. message. In the play Anouilh contrives to But whether you come out feeling that exploit-or distort - Robespierre’s Reign Bertolucci has, indeed, come to terms with of Terror. And this alleged “expose” of the ambitious concepts he has taken on, fanaticism, the Playbill informed the Last Tango is a movie which anyone even _ audience, “bears heavy parallels to that of vaguely concerned with feelings - sexual Nixon’s Watergate”. and otherwisetoward other human Anouilh liked to consider his later beings should see; .Bertolucci has, at the “dark” and explicitly political plays as very least , ’ managed to set off more “pieces grincants”, deliberately grating serious dialogues and sex and love and the on the audience in order to enlighten. whole damned thing than any previous Grating, angry or politically film. sophisticated, Poor Bitos is not. Instead it And, on an art-for-art’s-sake level, Last is tiresome. The play prods the audience Tango stands head and shoulders above with heavy-handed repetition, especially 99 percent of the films I have seen so far with Robespierre’s body-rubbing and this year as good drama; a scene in which sexual frustration; simplistic satire of the Brando visits his wife’s body after her revolutionary-ascetic; and an unsucide will surely stand as one of Branforgiveably tedious second act. No wonder do’s - and film history’s - most moving it met with unenthusiastic response. and involving moments. Given the handicap of the play itself, Despite its publicity, however, Last the cast , crew and director Maurice Evans Tango is not an erotic film in any but the made a valiant effort. Last week’s most artistic sense, and it is impressive production was characterized by solid rather than enjoyable. ensemble acting. The group effort at -gs kaufman nastiness was consistently sustained, but once separated from the others the actors in turn seemed unable to fill out the rest of their characters. Part of this may have been the fault of Evan’s blocking. Unfortunately lumped the group around each other. This was most blatant in the scene at the banquet table where the front ’ actors obscured the rest. The two notable exceptions to the group were Evans and Jarrett. Evan’s moments “To those of you who are new to the as Mirabeau-Vulturne were intimately entertainment field do not hesitate to ask individual. Indeed his performance was questions, or to volunteer your opinions the warmest portrayal of the group: and and knowledge, to those of you who have surely Anouilh did not intend to portray been involved in this area for a number of the aristocrat any more sympathetically years your experience is essential”, with than the bourgeoisie or proletariat. Larry these opening remarks, Art Ram the Jarrett, a veteran U. of W. actor, sucexecutive organizer of the conference ceeded in bringing Danton to lusty lifepresented himself to the across Canada and his evident sickening of the prolonged university delegates. intrigue paralleled that of the audience. The main objective of the C.E.C. was, Jarrett was one of the few to mirror. however, to promote and sell music acts to dynamic emotion: the rest seemed caught university campuses, despite the worthy up in an unchanging attitude. The title attempt to lend an educational air to the role of Bitos played by Lee J. Campbell a conference in the form of numerous drama graduate, tended to a uniformity of ’ workshops. j tension. This relaxed only towards the end The sponsoring was done by the when Bitos became drunk, yet his emFederation of Students in cooperation bourgeoisiement just missed the comical. with several music companies. McQuail, as the sardonic manipulator of The backbone of the weekend was, as action too tended to a monolithic and usual, the showcase, an eight to midnight tedious tension. Most of the cast seemed affair ‘for ‘four nights. Then mentioned unable to break out of the unvarying workshops consisted of know-how exattitudes imposed on them by Anouilh. change in the areas of pubs, films, adIf the play itself afforded scant envertising, record co-ops, concerts and tertainment or political comment, , the campus radios. production crew outdid themselves to The music acts were of a singular overcome it. The set was one of the best quality befitting the less than demanding the Humanities Theatre has seen in atmosphere of pubs. Most of the rock several years. Designer Tigger Jourard bands were derivative of superstar acts. and master carpenter J. M. Kelman One could say that in the absence of marshalling a huge crew, produced an recognized quality, the staged groups excellent and authentic stone backdrop. .were not bad at all. Just consistently The special sound effects of the bell and , monotonus. storm by Tom Weller were of startling , The sole relief came from the Mike clarity. It is unfortunate that the costume Quatro group. The only act that put on a design did not live up to the rest. The professional show, with a great deal of ladies’ period costumes were terrible. flash and glitter. The music was nice and Evans’ production trademark seems to loud, enough to satisfy anyone on an early be involving members of the community ’ Sunday morning. to best advantage. Two drama alumni and On Monday, Valdy managed to get the two teachers and a child were included in only standing ovation of the entire the cast. Certainly the cast’s esprit de weekend. His exquisite guitar playing corps was the plays one saving grace. carried the night. -Catherine murray - john morris s
Pike
To an amazing degree, Bertolucci has done this, and the result is a powerful performance by Brando, perhaps his strongest yet. Brando is called upon to portray Paul, a middle-aged man balancing on the sweet edge of desperation, whose wife has just committed suicide, and who finds a delicate form of rejuvenation in a com-pletely non-commital affair with a young woman. Bertolucci probably ran into a bit of serendipitous luck when several big-name actresses passed up the part of the woman and he settled on an unknown, Maria Schnieder. She plays off well against Brando, seems never to be awed by his presence as an actor, and makes it difficult By now every critic from New York to to imagine any of the proposed starsNewfoundland has had a chance to pass over-used Dominique Sanda, for onejudgement on Last Tango in Paris and, in carrying the role as well. With both fact, probably as much attention has been Brando and Sanda on the marquee, the paid to the critics’ reactions as to the film film would have become star-heavy and itself. The judgements have ranged all the sunk under its own publicity even more way from Pauline Kael’s now-famous gushing endorsement of the film as a than it has already. breakthrough in the The substance of Schneider’s role as “history-making” Jeanne, however, is difficult to assess. On film art to the K-W Record’s movie critic Jeanne appears to be the surface, Victor Stanton, who dismissed the film as almost totally at the mercy of Paul’s one of the “worst ever.” sexual whim; however, the fact that she T-he real impact of this film, as should agrees to- and subsequently quite enbe expected, lies somewhere-between these joys-share an apartment with Paul two rather hysterical extremities; though, where they meet regularly to have sex it must be said, closer by far to ‘Kael’s without knowing anything ‘about each appraisal than to Stanton’s. other outside the rooms indicates that she The first, while director Bernard0 freely chooses (admittedly a contentious Bertolucci admittedly is given to word in male-female terms) the theatrical self-indulgences, he is too much arrangment. a master of film to be in the running to The fact that Bertolucci-a manproduce one of the worst films ever. Had conceived of the story and wrote the Sam Peckinpah, for example, gotten hold screenplay, casts doubts on the validity of of the Last Tango script, he could well Jeanne’s actions and feelings as anything his shallow and machohave-given other than a theatrical device to respond clouded sensitivity to human interaction to the much (dramatically) stronger and sensuality-produced a terrible and character of Paul. dismal film. The fact that Jeanne becomes the - But Bertolucci-one of the few active stronger character when the no-stringsdirectors who could have interpreted attached arrangement (inevitably?) Albert0 Moravia’s The Conformist -is breaks down into feelings of love and capable of inducing great insights and entanglement does not really resolve the controlling great actors, two of the most question of whether or not Bertolucci’s essential ingredients in making an intreatment of male-female relationships is telligent film. Bertolucci faced the In Last Tango, really a “breakthrough”, for film or simply problem of turning Marlon Brando, the a more subtle and more theatrically matinee-crowd idol and living legend, into seductive re-hash of the old male-fantasyMarlon Brando, the actor, who could carry based sex film. the main part in what is essentially a twoCertainly Jeanne is more emotionally character motion picture. and physically free to choose between
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As the housing crisis wordevelopers’ profits sens, continue to rise faster *and higher than their buildings. This contradictory situation has generated a broad opposition from tenants’ and citizens’ groups in Canadian cities.
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Based on their analysis of the contradictions in the present system of urban land development, the authors critically evaluate the new reform politics and its limitations in the struggle for fundamental social change. They make a strong case for socialist alternatives and indicate the key role which organized tenants will play in this process.
Today, the Chartered Accountant of the most exciting roles in business He tackles complex and fascinating For the professionally-trained the scope is limitless.
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Education in England: faithfully reflecting the powers that be. Traditionally one of the roles assigned to those responsible for the education of any society’s youth has been, to a greater or lesser extent, that of acclimatizing future citizens to the moral and political ethos of the nation. In many respects, the values of society are mirrored in the educational modes utilized, education which necessarily imbues these values in the character of the student. Typical of a strict, and classical education, the traditional structures of British learning blatantly reflect the class strata of society as a whole. In the following article, Jon McGill discusses present day education in England from the perspective of one recently involved in teaching, and analyses the influence of contemporary political thought on the established educational mores. The institutions of education are, like many other English structures, in varying stages of decay and imminent collapse. The rigidity of class origin is no less a reality than it had been in the halcyon days of Eton and Rugby at Harrow. Though in these days of pseudo-socialism in Britain, there are more university graduates and students than ever before, there is nothing to indicate that such attendance figures are university anything more than a simple reflection of higher general population; that is, the working class has very little more access to middle-class culture through education -% than it ever had. A great debate now rages in the arenas of Labour-Tory verbal battles over Labour-sponsored abolition of public (i.e. private) schools. While that goal and its implications may seem laudable, at least philosophically, it merely obscures a far deeper, more serious problem in the school systems in Britain. The inequalities of educational access owe little or nothing to the role of public schools. The more decisive factor in the moment, education. is, at geographical; that is, dependent upon the particular location of state schools. The state schools of, Knightsbridge and St., John’s Wood are, no less the bastions of the well-to-do than Eton. The class composition of these fashionable London boroughs is faithfully reflected in t.heir state schools. Such schools attract the “best” teachers, i.e. those who would not be caught dead in the East End. The buiidings which house these area
schools are well-kept, modern for the most part, so as not to disgrace the surrounding area. In effect, at least in comparison with East and South-east London schools, the upper-class area state schools serve all of the pompous purpose of public schools. Thus, the closing of public schools can only have an effect upon the shadow of class differences, not on the substance. Socalled “democratization of the schools system” will go nowhere in achieving any semblance of that nebulous aim. London’s boroughs are very often homogeneous in class terms. The east, south-east, and parts of north London are entirely working class, a fact reflected in the statistics relevant to area schools. The percentage of those over sixteen years of age who continue schooling is small, particularly in comparison with more affluent burroughs. The amount of money spent per child is also generally small, and it would be an understatement to say that most of the teaching staff view themselves as baby-sitters. In the East London School where I have been for the past five weeks I have yet to hear any staff discussion of educationrelated problems. When the topic of children comes up at all, it is in the context of discipline problems, or in terms of the stupidity of “these kids”, “these” referring, of course to lower-class children. The vast majority of teachers in this country view theinselves as middle-class, despite any lingering odours of workingclass origin. Since they therefore do not consider themselves to have any class
connection with the children they “teach”, they can have no valuable contact with the children. The contact, such as it is, is purely didactic. Children are infinitely capable of spotting class differences here. Therefore, the personality and class role of the teacher is obvious to them, even if they do not conceive of it in just those terms.
educational institutions. The brand of welfarism advocated by the Labour Party can only be a stop-gap measure, and they well know that fact. The system slips closer and closer to the edge of the grave dug for it by previous generations. While the demise of an outdated system is devoutly to be desired the victims of the slide are, in this case, completely innocent.
What is more difficult for their conceptions is the actual content of education. They exist in a culture of their own, a peculiar, traditional English working-class culture. However, it is far from the mainstream culture so valued by English educationalists. The children are surrounded by an almost alien culture group: teachers, who insist upon imposing speech patterns, values and, behavioural patterns which can have no legitimate role in extra-educational activity. What the children could use is some reinforcement of the validity and value of their culture, surrounded as they are by barriers of dialect and by the town-criers of the middle-class-teachers.
They are to be tossed, barely literate, into an even more outdated society at the age of sixteen, whether they like it or not. At some stage, they will be shocked, painfully, into a recognition of what society has perpetrated in the name of education. The recognition will be even more painful for this anachronistic social structure if the victims turn on the villain, and lay claim to what is rightfully theirs.
At present, the only reinforcement available for the children is a hard slap on the head, the visible result of the frustration of teachers who are well aware of the roles which they play. It is true that teachers are very poorly paid, and suffer from incredibly inadequate housing, yet this is no excuse for the kind of intellectual and cultural genocide which all too many are willing to practise. There is little in the immediate future to spark hope for a change in British
To this point, the sytem has managed to buy off or convert its outcasts. It is becoming more difficult to do that, especially now that Britain contends with an ever more ravenous middle-class. If it is true that a nation’s future lies in the minds of its young, then it can be said that in its treatment of children, Britain has sown the seeds for the imminent demise of an ugly nation. In the past, the young could be bought by visions of empire, vicarious pride in falsely protrayed greatness. The only vision left intact these days contains a future spent in fifty years of hard labour in the faceless factories and glittering offices. Their future can no longer be coated with sugar. It is bitter beyond all disguise. II
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iA ‘* A special kind , *of nationalism -
Given the clamour raised by those Canadians who fashion themselves as nationalists, interested in the struggle for indiginous control of the economy, it is nearsighted and often selfrightous not to take the time to investigate the activities of the Canadian capitalist elite. Within the circles of enterpreneurial world ca$talism. one finds no national division between the activity of one enterprise and another; common interest and goal has, inevitably engendered a commonality superseding that of the nation between businesses. John Morris, in the following article, has taken a close look at the character of one Canadian multi-national corporation, Brascauand drawn a picture that is not dissimilar to that of ITT, or Imperial Oil.
The president of Light-the largest private company in Brazil, vicepresident of the Toronto based Brascan group which is the major foreign investor in Brazil and-the owner of Light, and probably the best paid executive in the country, Antonio Gal&i, was recently nominated “businessman of 1973” by the Brazilian weekly Visao. This award is proffered annualy to whoever distinguishes‘him/herself in the ‘business world’. The Galloti choice was decided upon by a jury composed of the banker Mario Henrique Simonsen (who will soon be the finance minister of Brazil), the current finance minister Delfim Neto, the president ‘of the Bank of Brazil, Nestor Jost and the ex-ministers Roberto Campos (famous for his cessionist policies to foreign monopoly capital) and Eugenio Gudin (a proimperialist politician). According to Octavia Gouvea de Bulhoes, the head of the jury, Galloti deserved the award not only for his successful entrepreneurial career but also for “the relevant services offered to Brazil.” It is possible that by electing Galloti, the jury wanted to pay pious homage to him since it appears that he will be leaving Brascan and Light in April, 1974. The Galloti-Light story is one of the most fascinating in Brazilian business circles. It is the epitome of the industrious worker labouring diligently to the top. Galloti started to work for Light as a lawyer in 1933. The Canadian concern was already quite powerful as it controlled the production and distribution of electrical energy along the Rio de Janeiro-Sao Paulo axis. The concern was owned by the Canadian group Brazilian Traction, Light and Power Company (which in 1969 renamed itself Brascan and continued to direct Light). In the early thirties, Brazilian Traction controlled the gas and telephone services in the Rio-Sao paulo area and all the public utility services in the strategic port of Santos: streetcars, electricity, gas and water. In addition it also had various subsidiaries in other important cities of Brazil, involved in the installation of electricity, telephones and gas services. Until 1947, Galloti remained as a corporate lawyer for Light. During the same year, Henry Borden, the president of Brazilian Traction in Canada came to LBrazil to, according to the magazine -
Exame, “reevaluate the company’s business due to losses”. A reason that seems improbable because throughout that period (l-943-52), Brazilian Traction remitted $132 million in profits abroad (Last Post-March, 1973). Borden asked the president of Light in Rio, to recommend a competent Brazilian lawyer. Borden wanted to form a holding to administrate the eighteen public utility companies of Light. Galloti was recommended. Two days after his designation, Galloti presented Borden with the C .B .A .S.T. (Brazilian Administrative
World Bank, in an attempt to obtain a became the assistant-director of the $90 million loan. judical department. Then he was apThe negotiations were concluded pointed vice-president (1951) and in 1956 happily, with the World Bank granting became the president of Light. Today Brazilian Traction the loan at a 4 per Galloti is both the president and the cent interest-a low rate that the World chief executive, besides being the viceBank had never offered before to a president of the Brascan group (which private company. Once possessing the accounts for more than 30 subsidiaries in $90 million, which was granted because . Canada, and in 1971 had the fourth the Brazilian government (at the time-a largest net profit of the country: $183.9 pro-imperialist one) acted as the backer million, more than that of General in the transaction, Brazilian .Traction Motors of Canada), he is a member of the handed over to Light charging an 8% international council of the Chase interest. Thanks to this lucrative Manhattan Bank together with transference the Canadian company, dignitaries like the president of Fiat,
Company of Technical Services) plan, which Borden did not agree totally with. Although Borden did not use Galloti’s plan, he seemed to be thoroughly impressed with this Brazilian’s efficiency. The next year (1948) the president of 3razilian Traction sent for Galloti in Washington to accompany the negotiations between his company and the
with the interest payments it was receiving from its Brazilian subsidiary, managed to pay not only its own 4% interest but also to mortgage the loan without paying a cent. Since then, although the extent of Galloti’s involvement cannot be determined the lawyer’s career progressed geometrically. In 1944 he
Giovanni Agnelli and Hermann Abs, president of the Deutsch Bank. The main task of Galloti when he assumed the command of Light was to give continuity to the type of action the company had been until then undertaking. One of the main preoccupations of the group was to keep the lucrative businesses and to sell the less
friday,-
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Brascan profitable ones. Accordingly, sold, in 1937, the streetcar lines owned in Santos, in Sao Paulo (1947) the streetcar service was sold and in (Rio) 1963 the last streetcar company was sold. In 1963 the group ran into conflict with the Brazilian government. of Joao Goulart (a reformist-national bourgeois) in its desire to nationalize the telephone company of the state of Guanabara (capital. Rio de Janeiro), Sao Paulo and Espirito Santo. The government accused Brazilian Traction of prejudicing the telephone service in these states and calculated that it would be necessary to invest $450 million to recuperate the poorly maintained telephone network. Hrazilian Traction argued that as its profits with the telephone network were minimal it could not afford to invest any The conflict was only more capital. resolved when president Goulart was forced out of office by a right wing military coup d’etat, in 1964. In 1966, once the armed forces were firmly entrenched in a typical dictatorial fashion, a generous offer was made to Brazilian Traction: the sale of an outdated telephone network for $96 million. The payment was as follows: $lO’million had to be paid in 36 months and the remainder in trisemestral installments over a period of twenty years. A supplementary agreement called for $65 million of the sale to be re-invested in Brazil\ The politics of investments is Brascan’s major preoccupation. Until 1963, the Canadian group, invested nearly exclusively in the production and distribution of electrical energy. Since that year it started to diversify in“for non-historical detervestments, minism, because it is proper to business dynamics” explained Antonio Galloti, in Exame. In practice this signified that in 1963 Brascan had accumulated $8.5 million which could not be remitted abroad (due to the law of remittances enforced by the Goulart government, which limited to 10 % of the company’s registered capital per year). On the other hand it, could not continue to invest in the electrical energy production, because in 1963, the national electricity plan called for the state to be solely responsible for the generation of energy, leaving the private sector with the task of distribution. Not able to remit its profits abroad, nor to re-invest them in the electrical energy sector, Brascan decided to diversify its investments. The diversification started with the creation of the small holding, the 0 .E .G . - Organizations and General Enterprises -and the revitalizatipn of an investment company, Brascan Investments and Expansion, which was formed in 1958, when Sao Paulo Light was inaugurated. In 1966, with the received from the telephone rn-oney company sale, a second holding was established, the T.O.P.-Technical Organizations and Participations. Apart from these two, there is also Brascanac Investments, Participations and through which new investments are ‘made when in the stage of initial outlay. The consolidated investment then leaves the control of Brascan and might enter under guidance of either O.E.G. or T.O.P. The old Brascan Investments and Expansion abandoned its holding status and is now the Brascan Bank of I r!vestments. Once mounting the plan of diversification with the creation of O.E.G. and the reactivation of the Brascan Bank,
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the group gave preference to five sectors of the Brazilian economy: financial services, consumption non-durable goods (beer and food), mining, tourism and export. The finance sector, is dominated by the Brascan Bank which, according to the magazine Exame, “having uncommon rekources, Brascan adopts the policy of a wholesale bank”. In the food and beverage sector, Brascan’s main interests are SwiftArmour (there seems to be some doubt as to who has majority control, for according to the Brascan’s files in Canada it owns 92% of the stock while, in Brazil its domestic associate says it, Caemi, owns 55 %), in Skol-Caracu beverages (beer) where Brascan has the stock control with the dependent, Portuguese group Central Company of Beer, in Euro Branco Beer (loo%-stocK control) and in the canned food concern’ Peixe (91.3% stock control). In mining the principal interests are in Promisa (100Y0), and in the Amazon Mining Company (60 %) . The first investment in the sector of touri& was in Rio de Janeiro in the of a hotel with PanAmerican (67% of the stock belongs to Brascan). In the export sector Brascan bought Diproc (an import -export company) and initiated a series of trading companies in Toronto, London, Toyko and New York. Besides these three main sector$, Brascan has other business interests such as Fabrica National de Vagoes (32%-a train wagon factory), Eucatex (12.3 %-sound proofing), Celanese Chemical fibres of 13razil (45 Yo), and a towel factory (19 %(iarcia Towels). Although Hrascan has diversified, its main concern continues to be, to quote Galloti, “in the electrical service sector”. A sector where, in 1972, Brascan invested $92 million. For the five year period starting 1977, $750 million will be invested and in the next five year period, $800 million. On the other hand the nonultility ventures totalled only $73 million in the 1963/72 period, a confirmation of Galloti’s words regarding Light’s importance in Brascan list of priorities. The investment concentration justifies itself amply, the distribution of electrical energy is the filet mignon, of the group. Ever since the Brazilian government’s plan in regards to the production of electricity, vigourously -pursued since 1963, Light does not need to concern itself with the production aspect. Thus divested of the heavy capital investments necessary to construct generating plants. Light’s role today is simply to act as the middle man, a distributor of energy to the consumer. In spite of the fact that Light has lost control of electrical production Galloti does not seem to be perturbed with Bras&n’s, or Light’s future. When a reporter from the business weekly Exame asked Galloti what would become of Brascan which had SUCcessfully lost its streetcar companies, its gas, enterprise, its telephone, and the generation of electrical energy, Galloti answered:“once when t,alking to the nationalist (goulart, (recent, president,of Hrazil) he asked me how long would 1,ight last? To which I answered as long as you want, it to last,. After consulting with his aides Goulart said we will give you another five years. That occurred in 1957 when Goulart was still vicepresident, now in 1973 I continue to have the same answer: how long will Light last? Five years.”
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In that this is most likely the most widely read section of the chevron, you would think that this would be the place reserved for our left-wing diatribes-red hangmen that we will inevitablybecome as we sink deeper and deeper into the abyss or our own ego-centred political existances. That we should only continue to wallow in our own dither-we were jan narveson, paul stuewe, Catherine murray, harald nieuwsbach, john morris, cric robinson, alain pratte, stevie izma, Charlotte, our fellow workers-joe Sheridan, Susan. johnson, margie Wolfe, nick savage, irene richechievsky, george and deanna, randy hannigan, linda lounsberry, jon keyes, nadine offenbacher, david college, dumont quacks and assorted left-outs-‘nite-dp
Wingsof Freedom. receives CRITICAL ACCLAIM! A WHOLESOME FABLE of life in a technological age. . .stunning imagery . ‘. “Old Longbill” - Balzac’s godfather and spiritual mentor -is as engaging a character as any I’ve run across in a long recommended for freedom-lovers from nine to time. . . wholeheartedly ninety. -Good Housekee@‘ng
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DLE-IYR VIIJ, nlb, ewlkkt rii nyxg. Bi dyxjub vykkagur, bi vwlrubf leiybs qgw vyag. Quefa id Dewwsin ua dykk id fiis cuvwa, owlxw lbs relbpyukkurt. Qgt bir fwr gufg ib KAS ainw runw lbs fucw ur 1 axlb? L ewlk <gwls-reuo. -The Tolkien Review.
A FIRST in existentialist literature. Balzac, a pelican on the verge of breakdown because of the anomie produced by his confining avian milieu, resolves his contradictions and proves for us all that, indeed, Being, en vrai, has transcended thought. Simone “praxis makes perfect”. and I recommend it highly. -Jean-Paul Sartre
EIGHT AND ONE HALF INCHES wide by eleven inches tall, Wings qf Freedom has a rest mass of more than one hundred and twenty four grams. While spectroscopic and other analyses of the book are in progress, and no firm data have yet been obtained on many of its careful design -it is reccharacteristics, it seems prob~able that its tangularly prismic in form -should render it structurally stable -and capable of withstanding heavy commercial and domestic use. Commendably free of ‘gratuitous sexist content. -Enginews
FINALLY, a story which literally swoops from the sky and captures the is an engaging bird and the author also pays imagination. . . Balzac special attention to his relationship with Beatrice, his’ free-flying companion, who is as independent and interesting as the main character. Publishers should heed this new wave in literature and encourage writers to follow Guaneau’s inspired lead. -Ms.
This will be a delightful addition to the JUST IN TIME for Christmas. collection of presents under the family tree. The inspiring story of’ a _ courageous pelican is a welcome change from the gratuitous sex and violence so often found in literature today. We can only hope that it will soon be translated for the screen. - Victor Stanton K-W Record
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Once in a very long while, a book publisher encounters a work indelibly stamped with greatness, a work at once identifiable as having an import beyond mere timeliness and surface impact, a work which is, as Chopsky so graphically put it, “fairly reeking of immortality”. It is these rare moments which make a publisher’s life worthwhile. When Jean-Luc Guaneau first walked into my Manhattan offices in the late summer of 1971, I was immediately struck by a sensation, a feelingcall it what you will-that I was in the presence of a personality powerful beyond the measure of ordinary humanity. Through the mild tones of his cultured, intensely fascinating conversation, I could detect an undercurrent of unextinguishable vitality, the unquenchable flame of a mind unI! trammeled by the blinkers of the commonplace. The enthusiastic critical and public reception to his first novel more than confirmed my intuition; however, I firmly believe that it is for Wings of Freedom that history will remember him. Taking the unlikely figure of a pelican, Balzac, for his protagonist, Guaneau has woven an intricate and moving tale of a being insearch of the meaning of its own existence, a meaningkabove and beyond “the buffeting of vagrant winds, the endless migrations, and the lust, the unconquerable need for raw, clammy fish. . .” Pseudo-intellectual, life-negating critics, dangling like small spiders from slender cynical threads, may scoff, even sneer, at this simple, and evocative tale. But for you and I, the “plain folks” who are the very stuff and fabric of our great culture, Wings of Freedom and its sensitive, bird’s-eye view of Contemporary Society, will be like a breath of fresh air in the thickening smog of destructive criticism and left-wing pessimism and paranoia with which we are increasingly bombarded. Wings of Frekdom: a flying start on tomorrow.