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^mt' Blackface parade Huntington Bagley Collection, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University. Print courtesy of Hal Cannon.
Ministering Minstrels: Blackface Entertainment in Pionee^r Utah BY MICHAEL HICKS
\Ar HiTES AND BLACKS IN AMERICA, d c Tocqcville wrotc, were d e s d n e d for m u t u a l d e p e n d e n c e a n d dread. They were two races "attached to each other without intermingling, a n d . . . alike u n a b l e entirely to separate or to combine."^ T h e artistic locus of this mixture of attraction a n d Dr. Hicks is assistant professor of music at Brigham Young Universitv. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. Henry Reeve, rev. ed., 2 vols. (New York Colonial Press, 1900), 1: 361. T h r o u g h o u t this paper I have based my interpretations of blackface minstrelsy to a large extent on Robert C. Toll, Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth- Century America (New York: Oxford, 1974) and Carl Wittke, Tambo arid Bones: A History of the American Minstrel Stage (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1930).
