a0461114 by 郭政諺

AR VR CR MR

影像技術的新世代

A0461114 |

資四⼄

郭政諺

VIRTUAL REALITY ，原⽂Virtual Reality，譯為「虛擬實境」，較知名的產品包含HTC Vive以及Oculus Rift，還有Sony PlayStation VR 頭盔等等。虛擬實境是透過電腦來模擬具備整合視覺與聽覺訊息的3D虛擬世界，臨場感與沉浸感格外強烈，也就是容易讓你⾝歷其境，不過⼀切你所看到看到的都是虛擬的！正因為如此，為了⽤戶使⽤安全，Sony甚⾄建議要坐著使⽤，以免使⽤時過於投⼊虛擬實境⽽發⽣意外。 VR

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它強調了在虛擬系統中的⼈的主導作⽤。從過去⼈只能從電腦系統的外部去觀測處理的結果，到⼈能夠沉浸到電腦系統所建⽴的環境中，從過去⼈只能通過鍵盤、滑⿏與計算環境中的單維數字資訊發⽣作⽤，到⼈能夠⽤多種感測器與多維資訊的環境發⽣互動作⽤；從過去的⼈只能以定量計算為主的結果中啟發從⽽加深對事物的認識，到⼈有可能從定性和定量綜合整合的環境中得到感知和理性的認識從⽽深化概念和萌發新意。總之，在未來的虛擬系統中，⼈們的⽬的是使這個由電腦及其它感測器所組成的資訊處理系統去儘量「滿⾜」⼈的需要，⽽不是強迫⼈去「湊合」那些不是很親切的電腦系統。 November 2019

VIRTUAL REALITY

現在的⼤部分虛擬實境技術都是視覺體驗，⼀般是通過電腦螢幕、特殊顯⽰裝置或⽴體顯⽰裝置獲得的，不過⼀些仿真中還包含了其他的感覺處理，⽐如從⾳響和⽿機中獲得聲⾳效果。在⼀些進階的觸覺系統中還包含了觸覺資訊，也叫作⼒回饋，在醫學和遊戲領域有這樣的應⽤。就⽬前的實際情況來說，它還很難形成⼀個⾼逼真的虛擬實境環境，這主要是技術上的限制造成的，這些限制來⾃電腦處理能⼒，圖像解析度和通信頻寬。

AUGMEN TED REALITY ，原⽂Augmented Reality，台灣多翻譯為擴增實境，顧名思義就是將現實擴⼤了，是在現實場景中加⼊虛擬資訊。明顯例⼦包含Google Glass以及汽⾞⾞載系統(可將⾞速、導航等資訊投影(或反射)在擋⾵玻璃上，讓駕駛可以避免低頭，以提⾼駕駛的安全性)，另外近期被Facebook收購的MSQRD App，還有LINE Camera 等 App ，也都使⽤了 AR 技術的例⼦，兩者都可讓你在⾃拍時，加⼊偽裝成鋼鐵⼈，或是戴上兔寶寶髮箍、墨鏡的虛擬效果。 AR

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November 2019

AUGMENTED REALITY 擴增實境應當被歸為⼀種地理位置資訊服務（GIS），是地圖、GPS地圖導航的升級。在GPS地圖導航中，類似PAPAGO!等導航軟體提供商通過在他們的導航地圖中嵌⼊相關的⼀些商業資訊可也賺錢。 AR 產品展⽰，應⽤ AR 技術將產品模型疊加到現實場景中。擴增實境或許不僅被歸為⼀種地理位置資訊服務GIS，他並不只是地圖、GPS地圖導航的升級。地理位置資訊服務（GIS）所指的其實只是⼀種所謂的 LBS 擴增實境系統，與真正以視覺為基礎的擴增實境系統並不相同。它算是⼀種「很有創意、很有巧思」的LBS應⽤，但僅只能做到表層街景的應⽤，與「真正的擴增實境」是不同的。單純的LBS應⽤不能作為擴增實境的⼀種，其原因為LBS擴增實境並未直接在攝影機的影像上做辨認對應，僅具有關聯性。將LBS 應⽤作為擴增實境是不合適的,甚⾄是使⽤了攝影機的 LBS 應⽤，基本上攝影機只是提供畫⾯，沒有任何作⽤。假設今天攝影機鏡頭歪掉，或衛星定位偏差了，那所呈現的LBS擴增實境對應資訊都將是錯誤的（因為⼆者本⽴存在」無關聯性的）。LBS擴增實境與視覺為基礎的擴增實境最⼤的差異，在於後者的應⽤是更廣泛、更貼近⼈類⾃然⽣活。⽬前更進階的擴增實境則是⼤量編碼式與快速內容編製式的視覺為基礎擴增實境，這樣的技術將可以⼤量應⽤於⽇常⽣活之中。

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擴增實境在遊戲和娛樂中的應⽤同樣很多。位於加拿⼤蒙特婁的⿆吉爾⼤學研究⼈員們開發出⼀種很神奇的地板磚，這些地磚可以模仿沙地、雪地、草地的環境（包括視覺、聽覺、感覺等）。這些地磚可能被⽤於⼀些擴增實境的應⽤，包括電話會議、遠程培訓、遠距醫療等等。這個地磚系統是由虛浮在⼀個平台上的⼀些可變型的盤⼦組成。在盤⼦和平台之間有很多的⽤於感應⽤戶腳部⼒量的傳感器。這些盤⼦可以震動，以類⽐步⼊不同環境中的感覺。還有⼀個從上到下的投影與⼀個揚聲器，⽤於給出視覺與聽覺的回饋。⿆吉爾⼤學智慧型機器研究中⼼的研究員楊·維塞爾（Yon Visell）說：「這些地磚既可以⽤於⼈機互動，也可以⽤於沉浸式的擴增實境中」。這個地磚系統還能被⽤作⼀個巨型的由腳控制的觸摸屏，例如，可以⽤作⼀種導航投射在建築物⼤樓或者公共廣場的巨型地圖的⽅法。同時還能被⽤於遊戲和娛樂之中，增加⼈機之間的互動性。⽇本遊戲巨頭任天堂在其掌機任天堂3DS系列中加⼊了對擴增實境的⽀援，其中遊戲機內建的軟體中就有⼀款是以擴增實境為主要玩法的遊戲。PSP遊戲《隱形妖怪》就是⼀款擴增實境遊戲。2016年推出的精靈寶可夢GO為⽬前最熱⾨的 AR 遊戲。

November 2019

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MIXED REALITY

NOVEMBER 2019

MIXED REALITY ，原⽂是，也稱為。透過下圖可以了解，混合實境的定義其實包含 AR 以及 AV( 擴增虛擬 ) 。相對於 AR 是將虛擬訊息加在現實環境中， AV( 擴增虛擬 ) 則是將真實訊息加⼊在虛擬環境裡，例如電玩遊戲時可透過遊戲⼿把感應重⼒，並且將現實中才有的重⼒特性，加⼊到遊戲中，⽤來調整、控制賽⾞的⽅向。透過了解 AR 與 AV 後，可以了解 MR 就是將虛擬世界與真實世界混合在⼀起，產⽣全新的視覺化環境。⽤戶眼睛所⾒到的環境同時包含了現實的物理實體，以及虛擬訊息，且可以實時呈現。⽽較為知名的 MR 產品包含 Magic Leap 以及微軟的 Hololens 。

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MR Mixed Reality Hybrid Reality

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你⾝處於真實世界房間之中，忽然被⼀聲巨響驚醒，你感受到某種⽣物吼叫所帶來的振動和氣流，連窗戶都被震開，你情急下舉起雙⼿想要阻擋這⼀切。但卻發現⼀股氣流和光芒從⼿中開始滋⻑，當你想著就這樣⾶出窗外的下⼀秒，光已射⾄窗外，隨之⽽來的是光芒的爆炸，窗戶關了起來，⼀切⼜恢復原狀 .....

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CR CINEMATIC REALITY MAGIC LEAP

，是曾提出的概念，指的是可以讓虛擬實境效果呈現出宛如電影特效的逼真效果。但後期 M A G I C L E A P ⽐較常⽤ M R 來歸類⾃家產品，再加上要實現 C R 效果，充滿更多現實中的挑戰，相關探討並不多。 ARVRCRMR | 08

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CINEMATIC REALITY ARVRCRMR | 09 As a filmmaker, you need to push the limits

Outside of the intentionally mundane

of reality because, let’s face it, reality can

cubicles of Office Space, most corporate

be pretty boring. If reality was constantly

and government offices are very sleek and

exciting and engaging, then we’d never go

modern. Take a minute to think about that.

to the movies in the first place.Part of the

When was the last time you went to a

cinematic experience is being taken away

government building like the DMV or Post

to imaginative lands or seeing something

Office and went “WOW?”This is always

exciting happen in a mundane setting.

apparent in blockbuster action films. Police

That is why so many films use

stations always have the latest computers

a cinematic reality — a world that is

and brand new cars. My personal favorite

grounded in actual reality but best serves

are the glass offices that usually house the

the overall aesthetic of a film.

FBI or CIA. Have you ever seen an FBI office? It’s more boring than you can imagine. Here is a side-by-side comparison of an actual FBI office and the office of the Diplomatic Security Service in Furious 7.

“BUT IT’S ABOUT WHAT I SUPPOSE YOU MIGHT TERM A CINEMATIC REALITY. IT’S ABOUT GIVING THE WORLD OF THE FILMS AND THE CHARACTERS AS MUCH WEIGHT AND VALIDITY AS THEY WOULD IF YOUR SOURCE MATERIAL WERE NOT A COMIC BOOK — IF HE WAS A CHARACTER IN ANOTHER GENRE OF FILM YOU WERE HAVING TO INTRODUCE TO THE AUDIENCE FOR THE FIRST TIME AND GET THEM TO BELIEVE IT. THAT’S REALLY WHAT MY USE OF THE WORD REALITY IS ABOUT. IT’S NOT ABOUT A LITERAL REALITY.PART OF THE APPEAL OF THE WORLD OF GOTHAM IS THAT IT IS NOT REAL LIFE. IT IS REMOVED FROM REAL LIFE. SO YOU CAN ADDRESS DRAMATIC ELEMENTS THAT WOULD BE EXTREMELY UNCOMFORTABLE IN A REALISTIC FILM — IN A WAY THAT LETS THE AUDIENCE ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE AND ENTERTAINMENT.

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CINEMA TIC REALITY At the exact opposite end of the “attempted reality” spectrum: the hacking sequences of Skyfall. Even when working in cinematic reality, you can go too far. That’s precisely what happens when a computer virus plays out in front of the audience as a bizarre animated sequence.

CINEMATIC REALITY CINEMATIC COMPUTERS/HOLLY WOOD HACKING Even films that try to stay grounded in reality still push for a more visually stimulating environment. Take this example from The Martian. Director Ridley Scott wanted his NASA control room based on reality. This not only meant the design of the room, but of the graphics as well. To best achieve the proper look, Scott actually worked with NASA to imagine their futuristic office.

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THIS STORY CONTAINS CERTAIN KEY SPOILERS REGARDING THE EVENTS OF "AVENGERS: ENDGAME"

'Avengers: Endgame' screenwriters really wanted to deliver a satisfying conclusion One would imagine that as the screenwriting duo of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely began to tackle their sixth and, for now at least, final film set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, "Avengers: Endgame," they would've walked into the assignment with all the swagger of Tony Stark, or the resolute righteousness of Steve Rogers.

THEIR COMMITMENT, OF COURSE, WOULD PAY OFF IN SPADES: "ENDGAME," WHICH HAS ALREADY MADE ITS DEBUT ON DIGITAL DOWNLOAD AND BOWS ON PHYSICAL HOME MEDIA ON TUESDAY, WAS INSTANTLY EMBRACED BY BOTH FANS AND CRITICS, BECOMING THE TOPGROSSING FILM OF ALL TIME. ARVRCRMR | 13

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AVENGERS: ENDGAME

"I guess maybe Marvel makes it look

For the writers, who have been in the

easy, because they are fun [movies],

near-exclusive employ of Marvel

but when Chris and I took the job, we

Studios since their first film for the

did it very carefully knowing that it

company, "Captain America: The First

was going to take a lot out of us and it

Avenger," successfully translated one

was going to be the biggest puzzle

of the studio's key characters to film

that we ever faced," said McFeely.

even before its acquisition by Disney,

"The amount of plates we're juggling,

the opportunity to see through the

the amount of storylines, being able to

never-before-done experience of

bring them to the conclusion, and yes,

crafting a satisfying endpoint for

making sure that we're honoring 20-

several intersecting franchises was

ish other movies in the process, was

worth all the heavy lifting.

rather complicated."

"Rarely do you get the chance to end something and end it as meaningfully and satisfyingly," said Markus. "A lot of the times things just end where you find out you're not getting another one later. This was the best of all possible ends, in that we all set out knowing exactly what we were doing and that we were laying it down and that we were going to bring all the arcs to conclusion. That was more satisfying than anything else."

CINEMATIC REALITY "It's why it's different from other Marvel movies, in that it is definitely the end," agreed McFeely. "Sometimes they're accused of being advertisements for the next movie; it was really our intention not to do that, and it was to end this so that a new thing could rise." PAGE 15

The new HoloLens is better, but here's why you're still not going to buy it BY RACHEL METZ, CNN BUSINESS ARVRCRMR | 16

APPRECIATION FOR THE ARTS That's what Microsoft is betting on as it begins shipping the latest version of its HoloLens headset on Thursday, eight months after the company unveiled the device.

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THE NEW HOLOLENS IS BETTER It makes sense: Microsoft still won't

The initial version of HoloLens,

say how many people are using

unveiled in 2015, introduced many

HoloLens, but they're mostly

people to the idea of a device for

business customers. This is the case

seeing three-dimensional images that

for other companies offering AR

appear to be placed in the world

headsets, too, as the technology has

around them, such as a virtual ball

only really appealed to consumers

rolling around on a real table. The

thus far in smartphone apps for

headset was first rolled out in 2016

things like gaming and trying on

for developers, then for enterprise

makeup.

users. But the device felt fairly clunky and experimental: It had a

Greg Sullivan, director of Microsoft

small field of view that could make it

Mixed Reality, told CNN Business the

hard to see virtual objects in their