Chapter I: International peace and security MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara Established: April 1991. Mandate: To monitor and verify the implementation of a settlement plan for Western Sahara and assist in the holding of a referendum in the Territory. Strength: 27 troops, 199 military observers, 6 police. UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia Established: August 1993. Mandate: To verify compliance with a ceasefire agreement between the parties to the conflict in Georgia and investigate ceasefire violations; expanded in 1994 [YUN 1994, p. 584] to include monitoring the implementation of an agreement on a ceasefire and separation of forces and observing the operation of a multinational peacekeeping force. Ended: June 2009. UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo Established: June 1999. Mandate: To promote the establishment of substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo, perform basic civilian administrative functions, organize and oversee the development of provisional institutions, facilitate a political process to determine Kosovo’s future status, support reconstruction of key infrastructure, maintain civil law and order, protect human rights and assure the return of refugees and displaced persons. Strength: 9 military observers, 8 police. MONUC United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Established: November 1999. Mandate: To establish contacts with the signatories to the Ceasefire Agreement, provide technical assistance in the implementation of the Agreement, provide information on security conditions, plan for the observation of the ceasefire, facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assistance and assist in the protection of human rights; expanded in 2007 [YUN 2007, p. 119] to include assisting the Government in establishing a stable security environment and supporting the strengthening of democratic institutions and the rule of law.
81 Strength: 18,646 troops, 705 military observers, 1,158 civilian police. UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia Established: September 2003. Mandate: To support the implementation of the ceasefire agreement and the peace process; protect UN staff, facilities and civilians; support humanitarian and human rights activities; and assist in national security reform, including national police training and formation of a new, restructured military. Strength: 9,505 troops, 118 military observers, 1,324 police. UNOCI United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire Established: April 2004. Mandate: To monitor the implementation of the 3 May 2003 comprehensive ceasefire agreement and the movement of armed groups; assist in disarmament, demobilization, reintegration, repatriation and resettlement; protect UN personnel, institutions and civilians; support humanitarian assistance; support implementation of the peace process; assist in the promotion of human rights, public information, and law and order. The mandate was expanded in 2007 [YUN 2007, p. 170] to include assisting in disarming and dismantling militias; identifying the population and organizing elections; reforming the security sector; monitoring the arms embargo; and supporting the redeployment of State administration. Strength: 7,202 troops, 189 military observers, 1,145 police. MINUSTAH United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti Established: June 2004. Mandate: To provide support in ensuring a secure and stable environment; support the constitutional and political process; assist in maintaining the rule of law, public safety and public order; promote and protect human rights; and support the political process, promoting an inclusive political dialogue and national reconciliation. Strength: 7,032 troops, 2,025 police. UNMIS United Nations Mission in the Sudan Established: March 2005.