WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2015 Migrants and Cities: New Urban Partnerships to Manage Mobility
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ECONOMIC MIGRANT
A person leaving his/her habitual place of residence to settle outside of his/her country of origin in order to improve his/her quality of life. It may equally be applied to persons leaving their country of origin for the purpose of employment. This term is often loosely used to distinguish migrants from refugees fleeing persecution and is also similarly used to refer to persons attempting to enter a country without legal permission and/or by using asylum procedures without bona fide cause.
EMIGRATION
The act of departing or exiting from one State with a view to settling in another.
FORCED MIGRATION
A migratory movement in which there is an element of coercion, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or from manmade causes (for example, movements of refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as people displaced by natural/environmental disasters, chemical/nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
FOREIGN-BORN
The term “foreign-born” refers to residents of a country who were born in another country. Foreign-born residents can, under certain circumstances, change their status and become citizens through naturalization. When combined, both place of birth and citizenship status can be used to divide the population into three categories—native-born citizens, foreign-born citizens, and non-citizens—and define who among the foreign-born has acquired the full rights and responsibilities bestowed on all citizens.
GATEWAY CITY
A city that is a critical entry point and a settlement site for immigrants and that draws from a wide range of sending countries. For many immigrants, a gateway city is not the end in itself but rather a turnstile, with migrants moving in and out.
GLOBAL CITY
A strategic site in the global economy because of the concentration of command functions and high-level producer service firms orientated to world markets; more generally a city with a high level of internationalization in the economy and a broader social structure. A global city is both a centre of production and innovation as well as a home to markets.
GOVERNANCE
All processes of governing, whether undertaken by a government, market or network, whether over a family, tribe, formal or informal organization or territory and whether through laws, norms, power or language. In politics, as opposed to the notion of “government”, the notion of governance acknowledges both the increasing presence of networks in modern society and the non-governmental influences on policymaking. Governance comprises connections and relationships between government and stakeholders, civil society groups, and other agencies of government and the state.