TOWARDS AN AIDS-FREE GENERATION – Children and AIDS: Sixth Stocktaking Report, 2013
101
Ibid.
102
World Health Organization, Male Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, WHO, Geneva, 2012.
103
Government of Rwanda, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, United Nations Population Fund and World Health Organization, ‘Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV: Gateways to integration – A case study from Rwanda – A glimpse of the future – Eliminating new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive’, Government of Rwanda, IPPF, UNAIDS, UNFPA and WHO, Rwanda, 2013, p. 13.
104
Thorne, Claire, et al., ‘Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Pregnant Women Using Injecting Drugs in Ukraine, 2000–10’, Addiction, vol. 107, no. 1, 1 January 2012, pp. 118–128.
105
International Treatment Preparedness Coalition, ‘Missing the Target 10: Communities and the Treatment 2.0 initiative – Delivering on the next treatment scale-up’, ITPC, Bangkok and New York, October 2012.
106
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, ‘World Population Prospects: The 2012 revision’, CD-ROM, DESA, June 2013.
107
United Nations Children’s Fund, Progress for Children: A report card on adolescents, Number 10, UNICEF, New York, April 2012, p. 9.
108
UNICEF analysis of UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates.
109
UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS unpublished estimates.
110
UNICEF global databases, 2013, based on DHS, MICS and other national surveys, 2008–2012.
111
Ibid; and Mahy, Mary, Jesus Maria Garcia-Calleja and Kimberly Anne Marsh, ‘Trends in HIV Prevalence among Young People in Generalised Epidemics: Implications for monitoring the HIV epidemic’, Sexually Transmitted Infections, vol. 88, 2012, pp. i65–i75.
112
Eurasian Harm Reduction Network, Young People and Injecting Drug Use in Selected Countries of Eastern and Central Europe, EHRN, Vilnius, 2009.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization, Joint Strategic Action Framework to Accelerate the Scale-Up of Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2012–2016, UNAIDS and WHO, Geneva, November 2011, p. 7.
113
national surveys, 2006–2012. (iii) United Nations Children’s Fund, The State of the World’s Children 2014 (forthcoming). (iv) United Nations, The Millenium Development Goals Report 2013, United Nations, New York, June 2013, p. 33. (v) World Health Organization, ‘Adolescent Pregnancy: Fact sheet number 364’, WHO, Geneva, May 2012, <http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en>, accessed 23 October 2013. (vi) UNICEF global databases, 2013, based on DHS, MICS and other national surveys, 2006–2012. (vii) Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio, World Report on Violence Against Children, United Nations, Geneva, 2006, p. 12. (viii) UNICEF global databases, 2013, based on DHS, MICS and other national surveys, 2006–2012. 119
UNICEF analysis of UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates.
120
Ibid.
121
Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne, ‘Age-Disparate and Intergenerational Sex in Southern Africa: The dynamics of hypervulnerability’, AIDS, vol. 22, supplement 4, December 2008, pp. S17–S25; Leclerc-Madlala, Suzanne, ‘Cultural Scripts for Multiple and Concurrent Partnerships in Southern Africa: Why HIV prevention needs anthropology’, Sexual Health, vol. 6, no. 2, May 2009, pp. 103–110; Stroeken, Koen, et al., ‘HIV among Out-of-School Youth in Eastern and Southern Africa: A review’, AIDS Care, vol. 24, no. 2, February 2012, pp. 186–194; and Cluver, Lucie, et al., ‘Transactional Sex amongst AIDS-Orphaned and AIDS-Affected Adolescents Predicted by Abuse and Extreme Poverty’, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol. 58, no. 3, 1 November 2011, pp. 336–343.
122
Baral, Stefan, et al., ‘HIV Risk and Associations of HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Peri-Urban Cape Town, South Africa’, BMC Public Health, vol. 11, no. 1, 5 October 2011, pp. 766–773; and Fay, Heather, et al., ‘Stigma, Health Care Access, and HIV Knowledge Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana’, AIDS Behaviour, vol. 15, no. 6, August 2011, pp. 1088–1097.
123
Commission on AIDS in Asia, Redefining AIDS in Asia: Crafting an effective response, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.
124
United Nations Children’s Fund, Living in Harm’s Way: Young key populations in Asia Pacific’s HIV epidemic (forthcoming).
125
National AIDS Control Organisation India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Government of India, ‘HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2010–11: A technical brief’, Government of India, New Delhi, September 2012; and Thailand Bureau of Epidemiology, ‘HIV Serological Surveillance Report: 2011 Thailand – 29th Round’, Thailand Bureau of Epidemiology, Bangkok, 2012.
126
Chengdu MSM HIV/AIDS Prevention Team, ‘Chengdu MSM HIV/AIDS Prevention Situation and Response Analysis’, Presentation by Chengdu MSM HIV/AIDS Prevention Team at the Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Populations Multi-City HIV Initiative Meeting, Hong Kong, 7–9 December 2010.
127
National AIDS Control Organisation India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and Government of India, ‘HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2010–11: A technical brief’, Government of India, New Delhi, September 2012.
128
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: Annexes, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2012.
129
Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, ‘Fourth Country Report on Following Up the Implementation to the Declaration of
Ibid.
114 115
The 14 priority countries in Africa are: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Swaziland, South Africa, United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
116
Cherutich, Peter, et al., ‘Progress in Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Service Provision: Kenya, 2008–2011’, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 61, no. 47, 30 November 2012, pp. 957–961.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2013, p. 18.
117
(i) Silverman, Jay G., ‘Adolescent Female Sex Workers: Invisibility, violence and HIV’, Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 96, no. 5, 28 February 2011, pp. 478–481. (ii) UNICEF global databases, 2013, based on DHS, MICS and other
118
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