REFERENCES Country economies are classified according to per capita gross national income, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. The classifications as at 1 July 2013 were: low income, $1,035 or less; lower middle income, $1,036 to $4,085; and upper middle income, $4,086 to $12,615.
United Nations Children’s Fund and Economic Policy Research Institute, New York and Cape Town, July 2012.
1
2
3
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2013, pp. 6, 39. The 22 priority countries of the Global Plan are: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. India is the only priority country outside Africa. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Countdown to Zero: Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2011; and UNICEF analysis of UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Countdown to Zero: Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2011; and UNICEF analysis of UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates. The numbers in parentheses indicate the uncertainty ranges around the estimates.
4
World Health Organization, Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a public health approach, WHO, Geneva, 2013.
TOWARDS AN AIDS-FREE GENERATION – Children and AIDS: Sixth Stocktaking Report, 2013
5
6
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2013, pp. A87, A94.
7
Newell, Marie Louise, et al., ‘Mortality of Infected and Uninfected Infants Born to HIV-Infected Mothers in Africa: A pooled analysis’, The Lancet, vol. 364, no. 9441, 2 October 2004, pp. 1236–1243.
14
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Countdown to Zero: Global Plan towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2011, p. 6.
15
The 22 priority countries of the Global Plan are: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. India is the only priority country outside Africa. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Countdown to Zero: Global Plan Towards the Elimination of New HIV Infections Among Children by 2015 and Keeping Their Mothers Alive, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2011.
16
World Health Organization, Rapid Advice: Use of antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants, WHO, Geneva, June 2010, p. 4.
17
UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates.
18
De Cock, Kevin M., et al., ‘Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Resource Poor Countries: Translating research into policy and practice’, Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 283, no. 9, 1 March 2000, pp. 1175–1182.
19
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2013, p. 38.
20
Interagency Task Team on the Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and Children, ‘Regional Workshops on Costing of National Plans to Eliminate Motherto-Child Transmission of HIV (eMTCT): Technical report and workshop recommendations’, Interagency Task Team on the Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and Children, New York, 30 November 2012.
21
UNAIDS, UNICEF, WHO, 2013 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting, and UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates.
8
UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS unpublished estimates.
22
9
UNICEF analysis of UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS estimates.
Ibid.
23
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2013. See country annexes.
24
United Nations Children’s Fund, Children and AIDS: A profile of UNICEF’s response in East Asia and Pacific, 2007, UNICEF, Bangkok, 2010; Pan American Health Organization, 2012 Progress Report: Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and congenital syphilis in the Americas, PAHO, Washington, D.C., 2013; and unpublished 2012 UNAIDS data.
25
National Committee for AIDS, Drugs, and Prostitution Prevention and Control, Viet Nam AIDS Response Progress Report 2012: Following up the 2011 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS – Reporting period: January 2010–December 2011, Government of Viet Nam, Hanoi, March 2012, p. 43.
26
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, ‘A Strategic Approach to Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) in India: For healthy mother and child’, Government of India, New Delhi, February 2013, p. 18.
10
11
Baral, Stefan, et al., ‘HIV Risk and Associations of HIV Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Peri-Urban Cape Town, South Africa’, BMC Public Health, vol. 11, no. 1, 5 October 2011, pp. 766–773; and Fay, Heather, et al., ‘Stigma, Health Care Access, and HIV Knowledge among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Malawi, Namibia, and Botswana’, AIDS Behaviour, vol. 15, no. 6, August 2011, pp. 1088–1097. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, ‘Summary Evaluation of PEPFAR’, Report brief, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., February 2013; and Miller, Elizabeth, and Michael Samson, ‘HIV-Sensitive Social Protection: State of the evidence 2012 in Sub-Saharan Africa’, United Nations Children’s Fund and Economic Policy Research Institute, New York and Cape Town, July 2012.
12
UNAIDS 2012 HIV and AIDS unpublished estimates.
13
Miller, Elizabeth, and Michael Samson, ‘HIV-Sensitive Social Protection: State of the evidence 2012 in Sub-Saharan Africa,
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