Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger | 11
Women are more engaged in vulnerable employment than men
Limited improvement in job quality is accompanied by slowdown in productivity growth
Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, women and men, 2013 (Percentage)
Average annual growth in output per worker, 2003–2008 and 2008–2013 (Percentage)
Western Asia
Western Asia
19
2.6 31
0.3
Latin America and the Caribbean 32
Northern Africa 1.5
32
0.8 Latin America and the Caribbean 2.3
Caucasus and Central Asia 40 41
0.9 Sub-Saharan Africa
Northern Africa
3.2
27 48
1.3 South-Eastern Asia
Eastern Asia
3.9
42 2.9
49 Oceania
South-Eastern Asia
1.6
56
3.1
63
Caucasus and Central Asia
Oceania
7.8
68 3.6
80 Southern Asia
Southern Asia
5.5
73
4.6
80 Eastern Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
9.4
70
7.2
85 Developed regions 1.4
Developed regions 11
0.8
9
Developing regions
Developing regions
5.6
54
4.0
60 0 0
20 Men
40
60
80
100
1
2
2003–2008
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2008–2013
Women
Vulnerable employment rates continued to be higher for women than for men. In developing regions, 60 per cent of women were in vulnerable employment in 2013, compared to 54 per cent of men. The largest gender gaps (all exceeding 10 percentage points) were found in Northern Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Western Asia and Oceania. The gender gap has closed in Latin America and the Caribbean in recent years and was very small (1 percentage point) in Caucasus and Central Asia.
Labour productivity is a key measure of economic performance. It measures the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time. Average annual labour productivity growth rates slowed down markedly in most developing regions in the period 2008–2013, compared to the period 2003–2008. On average, productivity growth in developing regions slowed down from 5.6 per cent annually to 4.0 per cent annually. The slowdown affected Caucasus and Central Asia and Western Asia, in particular. Only Oceania experienced stronger productivity growth in the most recent period.