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Chapter 2 – THE HALAL SECTOR
Cereals and grains Global All cereals and their derivative products (with the exception of alcoholic beverages) can be considered as halal, and part of the global halal trade market. Global trade in this category was valued at US$ 135 billion in 2014, an increase of 165% over the past 10 years. Major exporters include the United States (US$ 23.8 billion), India (US$ 10.3 billion), France (US$ 10.2 billion), Canada (US$ 9.6 billion), Australia (US$ 8.1 billion), Thailand (US$ 7.1 billion), Russian Federation (US$ 7.1 billion), Ukraine (US$ 6.6 billion) and Argentina (US$ 5.7 billion). The top importing countries in this category are Japan (US$ 7.4 billion), China (US$ 7.1 billion), the United States (US$ 5.1 billion), Egypt (US$ 5.1 billion), Islamic Republic of Iran (US$ 4.6 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$ 4.7 billion), Mexico (US$ 4.7 billion), Republic of Korea (US$ 4.5 billion), Italy (US$ 4.2 billion) and Indonesia (US$ 3.9 billion).
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation In the Muslim-majority markets of the OIC, total imports for this category were valued at US$ 50.8 billion in 2014, representing 144% growth over the previous decade. OIC imports are led by Egypt (US$ 5.1 billion), Islamic Republic of Iran (US$ 4.9 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$ 4.7 billion), Indonesia (US$ 3.9 billion), Algeria (US$ 3.6 billion), Turkey (US$ 2.4 billion), Malaysia (US$ 2.2 billion), Nigeria (US$ 2.1 billion), Morocco (US$ 2.1 billion) and Iraq (US$ 1.7 billion). Four OIC countries are among the global top 10 importers, and the OIC countries collectively import 35.6% of the world’s grain and cereal exports. In terms of exports, the OIC collectively exports US$ 6.7 billion of grain and cereal products, comprising 4.4% of the total export market. Leading exporters include Pakistan (US$ 2.4 billion), Kazakhstan (US$ 1.7 billion), Turkey (US$ 1.2 billion), Guyana (US$ 240 million), United Arab Emirates (US$ 177 million), Uganda (US$ 148 million), Malaysia (US$ 109 million), Egypt, (US$ 108 million), Indonesia (US$ 86 million) and Oman (US$ 82 million).
Dairy, eggs and honey This is another category of naturally halal produce. This category would not have been halal certified in the past, but increased demand for dairy produce in many OIC countries has resulted in more halal certificates for these products. The use of gelatine in many dairy products, for example, has led to increased scrutiny, and proof of halal compliance can prove a distinct advantage in some markets (Box 1).
In an overall global market of US$ 96 billion for this category, the OIC member countries imported US$ 16.7 billion in 2014, an increase of 191% over the past decade. The list is headed by Algeria (US$ 2.04 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$ 1.82 billion), United Arab Emirates (US$ 1.39 billion), Indonesia (US$ 1.37 billion), Malaysia (US$ 1.16 billion), Iraq (US$ 911 million), Egypt (US$ 880 million), Oman (US$ 675 million), Nigeria (US$ 661 million) and Kuwait (US$ 621 million). The value of total GCC imports for this category in 2014 was US$ 5.17 billion. New Zealand heads the list of major exporters to the OIC, with US$ 3.86 billion in exports. That is almost triple the amount of the Netherlands with US$ 1.38 billion, followed by France ($1.08 billion), the United States (US$ 1.03 billion), Germany (US$ 766 million ), Australia (US$ 693 million), Saudi Arabia (US$ 654 million), Belgium (US$ 637 million), Turkey (US$ 622 million) and Poland (US$ 457 million).
Oils, fats and waxes (excluding porcine products) Global Global trade in this category was valued at US$ 94.1 billion in 2014, a 154% increase over the previous decade. Leading exporters include Indonesia (US$ 21 billion), Malaysia (US$ 15.8 billion), Spain ($4.8 billion), Netherlands (US$ 4.4 billion), Argentina (US$ 4.3 billion), Ukraine (US$ 3.8 billion), United States, (US$ 3.2 billion), Germany (US$ 3 billion), Canada (US$ 2.7 billion) and Italy (US$ 2.4 billion). Leading importers are India (US$ 10.6 billion), China (US$ 9.1 billion), United States (US$ 6.1 billion), Netherlands (US$ 5.1 billion), Italy (US$ 4.7 billion), Germany (US$ 4.4 billion), France (US$ 2.3 billion), Spain (US$ 2.2 billion), Belgium (US$ 2.1 billion) and Pakistan (US$ 2.1 billion).
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation As can be seen from the global figures, Indonesia and Malaysia are global leaders in exports of this category by a considerable margin, led by their palm oil production. Other Muslim-majority exporting countries include Turkey (US$ 1.1 billion), United Arab Emirates (US$ 580 million), Tunisia (US$ 266 million), Oman (US$ 210 million), Azerbaijan (US$ 190 million), Egypt (US$ 188 million), Morocco (US$ 179 million) and Saudi Arabia (US$ 167 million). Leading importers are Pakistan (US$ 2.1 billion), Turkey (US$ 2.1 billion), Bangladesh (US$ 1.4 billion), Malaysia (US$ 1.4 billion), Islamic Republic of Iran (US$ 1.1 billion), Egypt (US$ 1.1 billion), Saudi Arabia (US$ 840 million), Algeria (US$ 810 million), United Arab Emirates (US$ 684 million) and Iraq (US$ 665 million).