Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................................................................iv Glossary....................................................................................................................................................................................vii Acronyms..................................................................................................................................................................................xii Foreword.................................................................................................................................................................................. xiv Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................................................xv Chapter 1: Scoping the 2015 report............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
PART I
Moving towards a new international climate change agreement............................................................................1 Key questions............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Aim of the report and assessment principles...........................................................................................................2 INDC assessment process......................................................................................................................................... 2 Organization of the report........................................................................................................................................ 2
THE EMISSIONS GAP
Chapter 2: The importance of pre-2020 action............................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Global emission pathways and the importance of enhanced action..................................................................................3 2.3 Progress towards the 2020 pledges: a closer look at major economies.............................................................................7 Chapter 3: The emissions gap in 2025 and 2030.........................................................................................................................12 3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Broad characteristics of submitted INDCs........................................................................................................................14 3.3 Methodology for quantifying the effect of INDCs on global GHG emissions....................................................................16 3.4 The effect of INDCs on global GHG emissions..................................................................................................................18 3.5 INDCs of G20 countries . ..................................................................................................................................................24 3.6 Concluding remarks..........................................................................................................................................................27 PART II
BRIDGING THE GAP
Chapter 4: Opportunities for bridging the gap............................................................................................................................28 4.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 28 4.2 Ensuring coherence, synergy and complementarity between climate change, economic growth and sustainable development..............................................................................................................28 4.3 A robust, effective and transparent follow-up and review framework under the Paris Agreement is vital to narrow the emissions gap..............................................................................................................29 4.4 Bridging the gap – realizing emission reduction potentials by 2020 and 2030................................................................30 Chapter 5: International Cooperative Initiatives.........................................................................................................................34 5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Quantitative impact of ICIs on emission reductions.........................................................................................................34 5.2 Non-state actors and the UNFCCC process.......................................................................................................................36 5.3 Summary of initiatives......................................................................................................................................................36 5.4 5.5 The private sector and innovation in mitigation...............................................................................................................42 Chapter 6: Mitigation potential from forest-related activities and incentives for enhanced action in developing countries........44 6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 44 6.2 Global overview of forest-related mitigation engagement...............................................................................................44 Forest-related mitigation opportunities...........................................................................................................................46 6.3 6.4 Emission reduction potential of forest-related mitigation activities.................................................................................47 REDD+ as a key instrument to realize forest-related emission reductions in developing countries.................................49 6.5 Annex 1: Country-specific findings.............................................................................................................................................51 References................................................................................................................................................................................65
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The Emissions Gap Report 2015 – Contents