Transport for Sustainable Development – The case of Inland Transport
In recent years, economic growth has been consistently higher in the low- and middleincome economies than in the developed countries (Figures 2.2 and 2.3). Nevertheless, average per capita growth may hide increasing income inequalities (Dervis, 2012) that undermine prospects for sustainable development (Berg and Ostry, 2011), threaten economic stability (Stiglitz, 2012), impact on transportation patterns (e.g. Lau, 2011) and, ultimately, affect the sustainability of the transport sector. Figure 2.1
Trends in non-fuel exports in the 1998–2011 period (in billions of United States dollars)
14'000
Intermediate goods Consumption goods
12'000
Capital goods
10'000 8'000 6'000 4'000
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
0
1999
2'000
Source: DESA, 2013 Figure 2.2
Trends in annual GDP growth in high, low and middle-income countriesSource: DESA, 2013
8
High-income countries Low-income countries Middle-income countries
Average GDP growth
6 4 2 0 -2 -4
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
-6
Source: DESA, 2013
10