Figure 5.9
Railway accidents in Europe with five or more fatalities, 1980-2013..............................................
97
Figure 5.10 Rail fatalities in the EU-28, 2006-2013 ................................................................................................................
97
Figure 5.11 Railway fatalities per category of victim, 2013..............................................................................................
98
Figure 5.12 Main causes of railway accidents in 2013........................................................................................................
99
Figure 5.13 Causes of fatal accidents in EU-28 railways ...................................................................................................
99
Figure 5.14 Active level crossings in the European Union ..............................................................................................
100
Figure 5.15 Accidents on the European inland waterways, 2010-2013 ..................................................................
104
Figure 5.16 Inland waterways accidents in the Netherlands, 2004-2012...............................................................
105
Figure 5.17 Inland waterways towing accidents in the United States of America, 2004-2012 ................
106
Figure 5.18 EU-28 (provisional data) Road transport of dangerous goods by type of dangerous goods, 2010 (percentage in tonne-km) ..........................................................................................................
113
Figure 5.19 Dangerous goods transported by rail EU-27 (2006) (per cent tkm) .............................................
113
Figure 7.1
Energy use per capita, 2011 (in TOE-Tonnes of Oil Equivalent) ..........................................................
140
Figure 7.2
Share of energy use in transport of total energy consumption-global, 1992-2012..............
140
Figure 7.3
Proportion of combustible renewables and waste of total energy use in road transport – global, 1992-2012.................................................................................................................................
141
Figure 7.4a Energy consumption of transport relative to GDP, by mode in the EU-27 plus Norway and Switzerland (index 2000 = 100) ...................................................................................................................
142
Figure 7.4b Energy consumption of transport relative to GDP, by mode – global (index 2000 = 100) .........................................................................................................................................................
142
Figure 7.5
Annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions, 1750 – 2011 (in PgC/year) Fossil fuel and cement CO2 emissions by category, estimated by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC))................................................................................................................................................................
143
Carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion according to four RCP scenarios (in PgC/yr)............................................................................................................................................................................
144
Figure 7.7
Regional per capita transport-related CO2 emissions 2001-2011 .....................................................
145
Figure 7.8
European Union emissions of fuel combustion gases (CO, NOx, PM10 and SOx), 1990-2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................
146
Daytime exposure to noise above 55 db in select European Union countries (in 2010 and 2014)..........................................................................................................................................................
147
Figure 7.10 Weather related damages to transport infrastructure.............................................................................
149
Figure 7.11 Change in the 7-day maximum pavement temperature in different European climate zones (in the case of the A1B scenario: comparison between 2040-2070 and 1990-2010) ................................................................................................................................................................
151
Figure 7.6
Figure 7.9
Figure 8.1
Energy use and CO2 emissions across the transport alternatives for the Berlin-Rome route (for passenger (www.ecopassenger.org) and freight (www.ecotransit.org) transport) .............................................................................................................................................................................
161
Modal split of inland freight transport in the UNECE region (in 2011 or latest available) .....................................................................................................................................................................
163
Freight modal share and freight transport weight by distance in the United States of America in 2007 ........................................................................................................................................................
164
Figure 8.4
Transport modal split in South American countries (volume in tons) ..........................................
165
Figure 8.5
Modal share of freight transport volume in China and Thailand .....................................................
165
Figure 8.2 Figure 8.3
XI