CHAPTER 2. Making Regulation Work for Services in Africa
45
Table 8. Total public-private partnership infrastructure projects by service sector and type, 1990–2013 Primary sector Energy
Type of public-private partnership Concession
19 9
1 717
118
18 205
Management and lease
18
5
164
22 396
Divestiture
32
23 558
Greenfield
169
85 174
4 Total
0
205
108 732
Concession
63
7 782
Divestiture
3
169
Greenfield
20
10 237
Management and lease
16
52
102
18 241
Total Water and sewage
2 469
Greenfield
Management and lease Transport
Total investment (million $)
Divestiture
Total Telecommunications
Number of projects
Concession
2
76
Greenfield
3
259
Management and lease
23
57
Total
28
392
Grand total
499
149 761
Source: African Development Bank, 2014. Note: Most infrastructure projects with private participation fit in one of the above four types, but boundaries between types are not always clear and some projects have features of more than one type. In such instances, projects are classified under the type that better reflects the risks borne by the private sector.
effects of progress in reforms and enterprise performance (Foster and BriceĂąo Garmendia, eds., 2010, and Vagliasindi and Nellis, 2009). The study shows that most African countries have not made progress in these three areas although, in general, institutional development in utilities (ICT, water and energy) is further advanced than in the transport sector (Escribano et al., 2010).