Table 1: Different forms of environmental crime and their approximate estimated scale. Great uncertainties exist regarding the accuracy of the estimates.16 Environmental crime
Annual loss of resources (US$)
Source or reviews
Illegal logging and trade
30–100 billion
UNEP/INTERPOL 2012 (10–30% of the global trade); OECD 2012
Illegal fisheries
11–30 billion
OECD 2012; MRAG og UBC 2008 (12–32% of the global trade)
Illegal extraction and trade in minerals/ mining
12–48 billion
GFI 2011; GA 2012 (Estimated as only 1–4% by industry of the global trade)
Illegal trade and dumping of hazardous waste
10–12 billion
US 2000; GA 2012
Illegal trade and poaching of plants and other wildlife
7–23 billion
Wyler and Sheik 2008; GFI 2011; OECD 2012
Sum environmental crime and loss from primarily developing countries
Minus 70–minus 213 billion
Official development assistance (ODA) (2013 estimate)
Ca. 135 billion
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