At stake:
S$ nU llio i b
Livelihoods
11 to
Species extintion Endangered forests National economies: Illegal logging between 15 and 30 % of the global legal trade
30 to
10 0
Major environmental crimes At stake:
S$ lion U bil 30
Fish stocks depletion Loss of revenues for local fishers and States Targeted species: tuna, toothfish, sharks
Climate change emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
FISH
Lack of legislation National
Mafias Lack of law Corporate crime International enforcement International National National International National
48 b
US$ on illi
Increasing demand International Domestic
Major routes from North to South (unlike other environmental crimes)
Resource depletion
12 t o
Gold, diamond, rare earth... Loss of raw material for local industry
At stake:
$
At stake:
Livelihoods (local communities)
Species extinction
12 billion US to
Conflict National Regional
At stake:
1
National Local
WILDLIFE
S$ nU lio l i 5b 13
10
Corruption
Tropical species demand for pets, food and traditional medicine
illion US 23 b $ to 1 billion US$
S IVER DR
7
TIMBER
Ecosystem depletion Human health
WASTE
MINERALS
A comparison: Official Development Assistance (ODA) GRID-Arendal and Zo誰 Environment Network, 2012.
Figure 1. Estimated scale of various forms of transnational environmental crime.15 15