2.15 Undernourishment and obesity rates vary by region, most recent year available
70
3.1 Although the importance of agriculture to economies may be dropping, the importance of agriculture to workers, albeit declining, remains high
4.12 Men have more time for leisure and social activities than women do across all human development groupings, most recent year available
119
79
4.13 Grandparents often spend time caring for grandchildren, 2006–2007
119
3.2 Adoption of new technologies in the United States has been impressively quick
82
4.14 The burden of elder care will rise much more quickly in China than in the United States
120
3.3 The change in technology penetration around the world between 1995 and 2015 was substantial and holds promise to benefit people around the world
83
3.4 The digital revolution has accelerated the global production of goods and services, particularly digital trade
5.1 There is a strong positive association between energy consumption and the Human Development Index for developing countries
136
87
3.5 The digital component of global flows has increased—selected examples
88
5.2 The largest share of global employment in agriculture is in East Asia and South Asia
141
3.6 Opportunities for mobile applications for agriculture and rural development
89
3.7 Mobile subscriptions and connections in Sub-Saharan Africa are predicted to rise substantially between 2013 and 2020
6.1 More than 170 countries have ratified the Equal Remuneration Convention of 1951 and the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention of 1958 161
89
3.8 Between 1970 and 2014 the number of patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office increased almost fivefold
94
6.2 By 2014, 65 countries had laws prohibiting discrimination in employment based on sexual orientation in at least part of their territory—more than triple the number 15 years ago 162
3.9 Japan led the way in total number of patents granted in 2013
94
3.10 The 20 jobs most and least likely to be replaced by automation
99
6.3 Globally, the same general labour law that covers other workers covers only 10 percent of domestic workers, 2010
163
6.4 The relationship between mean years of schooling and labour force participation for women shows a shallow U shape
171
3.11 In the Netherlands and the United States productivity gains have not translated into higher wages for the most part
100
3.12 The growth rate of productivity has not had the exceptional boost expected with the advent of the digital revolution
100
3.13 Workers overall are getting a smaller share of total corporate income based on analysis from 27 developed countries and 28 developing countries
5.1 Fertilizer use varies widely
142
101
5.2 The employment potential of renewable energy is considerable
146
3.14 The income shares of high-skill labour have been going up, while the share of medium- and low-skill labour has been going down
101
TABLES
3.15 The sharp increase of work compensation to top salary earners has benefited a minority, cumulative change since 1980 101 4.1 Men dominate the world of paid work, and women the world of unpaid work 107 4.2 Women are less likely to be engaged in paid work, as shown by the labour force participation rate 4.3 In 2015, 72 percent of working-age (ages 15 and older) men were employed, compared with 47 percent of women 4.4 A large part of the wage gap between men and women is unexplained 4.5 Women are underrepresented in senior business management across all regions, 2015
MAPS
1
Sustainable Development Goals
15
1.1 Employment rate of people with disabilities, low- and high-income countries
38
A1.1 Work with exploitation, risks and insecurities
47
A1.2 Different types of employment
51
2.1 Gender Development Index values by region, 2014
59
109
2.2 Countries with the most people in multidimensional poverty
61
110
2.3 Human Development Index and Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index values for selected regions, 2014
65
111
A2.1 Balance sheet of human development
74
108
4.6 Women are less likely to occupy positions of leadership in public service, 2014 111
4.1 Domestic workers in India by sector, 2004–05 (thousands)
115
4.7 Fewer women than men are represented among both early-stage and established entrepreneurs, 2014
4.2 Migrant domestic workers in Gulf Cooperation Council countries
115
A4.1 Time use
125
5.1 Greenhouse gas emissions and employment by sector
135
5.2 Coping with industrywide closures
139
5.3 Number of home solar systems installed and people without access to electricity (selected countries), various years
143
5.4 Jobs generated from clean energy
146
5.5 The demand for teachers
147
5.6 The demand for health workers
148
A6.1 Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
182
4.8 Across most parts of the world women are more likely to be in vulnerable employment, 2013 4.9 In South Asia agriculture accounts for more than 60 percent of female employment
112 113 114
4.10 In rural Malawi women are more frequently unpaid, even when working outside the home, 2008
114
4.11 Women take the major burden of unpaid care work, most recent year available
118
Contents | ix