4.2.1.5. Biomass There is a long tradition of biomass use in BiH, but that use is characterized with a very low rate of utilization, mainly in rural and suburban areas as a primary source of energy for heating and cooking purposes in households and buildings. Apart from the traditional use of firewood and the recycling of wood waste in the wood-processing industry, there are no reliable data on the exploitation of different biomass sources in BiH, especially for wood waste. There have been plans by some local authorities for biomassfired district heating in some places (municipalities with the large wood processing industry plants), but because of a lack of funding they have not been implemented. There are several plants for the collection of wood waste for the production of pellets and briquettes, but their production is negligible (Petrović et al., 2006).
Biomass in BiH totals approximately 9 % of total primary energy supply, mostly as firewood and wood waste (details are provided in the following chapter). Historically, biomass has been used by the rural population on a large scale for heating and cooking in all BiH’s regions. It could be supposed that, according to this scenario, biomass use will stay more or less on its present level; i.e., 4,200 GWh (45 % of technical capacity) (ADEG, 2005).
BiH energy potential of biogas from livestock
Biomass Available
Energy potential (PJ)
Source
Biogas from livestock 1
20 100 000 m3
0.508
Agriculture
Fruit tree branches 2
211 257 t
0.739
Agriculture
Grain residues 3
634 000 t
8.876
Agriculture
Leguminosae and oil crops resid. 4
3 858 t
0.038
Agriculture
Residues from log processing 5
1 142 698 m
7.533
Forestry
obtained from registered livestock in BiH to produce biogas as a way proposed to mitigate climate change.
Firewood 6
1 466 973 m3
13.201
Forestry
Branches 7
599 728 m3
2.623
Forestry
• Based on the current livestock estimates for the period 2004 through
-
33.518
-
Total technical potential
It is important to emphasize that BiH has excellent natural conditions to develop livestock farming. It is important to note the following:
• Both BiH entities have a good economic rationale for using manure to produce biogas.
• Prediction: the biomass percentage in the world production will reach between 25% and 46% prior to 2100.
• There is significant potential for using liquid manure from farms 3
biogas from farms of caws, pigs and chicken useful residues after cutting 3 useful residues of grain (straw) 4 useful residues of leguminosae and oil crops 5 wood residues from primary and secondary wood processing industry 6 fuel wood 7 forest residues 1 2
Table 4.2.1.5.1. Total biomass energy potential in Bosnia and Herzegovina (ADEG,2005). The most significant source of biomass for energy production is wood mass from forestry (firewood, forestry residues) and wood waste from the wood processing industry. However, agricultural residues also have a significant energy potential in the regions of northern, central and southern BiH.
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Within the ADEG Project,21 special attention is directed to possibilities of application of different kind of biomass resources, proposal of optimal technical, technological and, in economical sense, profitable solutions for that application, spatial distribution of biomass resources, and other issues essential for beginning of use of this energy resource important to BiH as well. The first part of this project, named WP1, conducted a precise analysis of biomass potential and its density and location in BiH’s regions. This potential and its source are shown in table 4.2.8.
2007, the following daily quantity of biogas can potentially be calculated (see Table 4.2.1.5.2.):
4.2.2. Power generation baseline scenario The main local energy sources in BiH are coal and hydropower. BiH imports natural gas and oil. The primary energy structure is as follows: coal 56%, hydropower 10%, liquid fuels 28% and natural gas 6%. In terms of power generation, the installed capacity ratio between thermal power plants and water power plants is 49:51, while the ratio between the amounts of electricity produced by these two types of facilities is 75:25.
Advanced Decentralised Energy Generation Systems in Western Balkans, an initiative based at the University of Sarajevo under the EC 6th Framework Programme. 21
Initial National Communication of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change