TABLE 12. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT Attendance in early childhood education 2005–2016*
201
Adult support for learning 2005–2016*
++
Father’s support for learning
Learning materials at home 2005–2016* Children’s books
Playthings
Children with inadequate supervision 2005–2016*
++
Countries and areas
poorest richest poorest richest total male female 20% 20% total male female 20% 20%
2005– 2016*
poorest richest poorest richest poorest richest total 20% 20% total 20% 20% total male female 20% 20%
United Republic of Tanzania United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
– – – – 81 83 21 y 21 y – – 66 y – 71 74 3 3 – – 22 20
SUMMARY East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Western Europe Latin America and Caribbean Middle East and North Africa North America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Eastern and Southern Africa West and Central Africa Least developed countries World
37 ** 37 ** 37 ** − − − − − − − − − 61 − − 26 25 26 − − − − − − 27 25 26 – – – 27 27 28 13 13 14 − − −
– – 80 21 y – – 69 3 – 23
++
– – – – – – 53 0 – 17
– – – – – – 86 8 – 34
– – 93 91 – – 76 33 – 43
– – 94 91 – – 76 34 – 43
– – 91 90 – – 76 32 – 43
– – – 83 – – 52 16 – 35
– – – 95 – – 96 56 – 59
– – 66 y 54 y – – 15 37 y – 3
– – 59 43 – – 26 10 – 3
– – – 32 – – 6 4 – 1
– – – 59 – – 58 31 – 12
– – 75 67 – – 52 49 – 62
– – – 74 – – 44 45 – 48
– – – 62 – – 54 49 – 74
– – 3 5 – – 7 34 – 19
– – 3 5 – – 6 36 – 19
– – 3 5 – – 8 33 – 18
– – – 6 – – 14 46 – 25
– – – 7 – – 2 22 – 7
− − − − − 15 − − 8 – 8 7 −
− − − − − 37 − − 54 – 58 29 −
− − − − − 61 − − 53 – 54 55 −
− − − − − 61 − − 53 – 55 56 −
− − − − − 61 − − 52 – 53 55 −
− − − − − – − − 44 – 44 47 −
− − − − − – − − 69 – 72 69 −
− − − − − 58 − − 23 – 24 17 −
− − − − − 19 − − 3 – 4 4 −
− − − − − – − − 0 – 0 1 −
− − − − − – − − 12 – 13 11 −
− − − − − 45 − − 39 – 38 47 −
− − − − − − − − – – 30 40 −
− − − − − − − − – – 50 57 −
− − − − − 11 − − 39 – 41 31 −
− − − − − 12 − − – – 41 − −
− − − − − 11 − − – – 41 − −
− − − − − 14 − − − – 44 − −
− − − − − 8 − − − – 32 − −
For a complete list of countries and areas in the regions, subregions and country categories, see page 150 or visit <data.unicef.org/regionalclassifications>. It is not advisable to compare data from consecutive editions of The State of the World’s Children. NOTES
DEFINITIONS OF THE INDICATORS
Attendance in early childhood education – Percentage of children 36–59 months old who are attending an early childhood education programme. Adult support for learning – Percentage of children 36–59 months old with whom an adult has engaged in four or more of the following activities to promote learning and school readiness in the past 3 days: a) reading books to the child, b) telling stories to the child, c) singing songs to the child, d) taking the child outside the home, e) playing with the child, and f) spending time with the child naming, counting or drawing things. Father’s support for learning – Percentage of children 36–59 months old whose father has engaged in four or more of the following activities to promote learning and school readiness in the past 3 days: a) reading books to the child, b) telling stories to the child, c) singing songs to the child, d) taking the child outside the home, e) playing with the child, and f) spending time with the child naming, counting or drawing things.
Learning materials at home: Children’s books – Percentage of children 0–59 months old who have three or more children’s books at home. Learning materials at home: Playthings – Percentage of children 0–59 months old with two or more of the following playthings at home: household objects or objects found outside (sticks, rocks, animals, shells, leaves etc.), homemade toys or toys that came from a store. Children with inadequate supervision – Percentage of children 0–59 months old left alone or in the care of another child younger than 10 years of age for more than one hour at least once in the past week.
MAIN DATA SOURCES
Attendance in early childhood education – Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), and other national surveys. Adult support for learning – DHS, MICS and other national surveys. Father’s support for learning – DHS, MICS and other national surveys. Learning materials at home: Children’s books – DHS, MICS and other national surveys.
Learning materials at home: Playthings – DHS, MICS and other national surveys. Children with inadequate supervision – DHS, MICS and other national surveys.
– Data not available. p Based on small denominators (typically 25–49 unweighted cases). No data based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases are displayed. y Data differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country. If they fall within the noted reference period, such data are included in the calculation of regional and global averages. ++ Changes in the definitions of several ECD indicators were made between the third and fourth round of MICS (MICS3 and MICS4). In order to allow for comparability with MICS4, data from MICS3 for the adult support
for learning, father’s support for learning and learning materials at home (playthings) indicators were recalculated according to MICS4 indicator definitions. Therefore, the recalculated data presented here will differ from estimates reported in MICS3 national reports. * Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified in the column heading.