Urban disparities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Half of the world’s urban population lives in cities of fewer than 500,000 inhabitants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Maternal and child health services for the urban poor: A case study from Nairobi, Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.1 Wealth increases the odds of survival for children under the age of 5 in urban areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mapping urban disparities to secure child rights. . . . . . . . . 26
2.2 Children of the urban poor are more likely to be undernourished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Focus on
Helpful strategies in urban emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Women, children, disaster and resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Urban HEART: Measuring and responding to health inequity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 The Child-Friendly Cities Initiative: Fifteen years of trailblazing work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Upgrading informal settlements in Jeddah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 The paucity of intra-urban data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.3 Stunting prevalence among children under 3 years old in urban Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4 HIV is more common in urban areas and more prevalent among females. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.5 In urban areas, access to improved water and sanitation is not keeping pace with population growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.6 Mapping poverty in Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi. . . 26
Perspective
2.7 Tracking health outcomes in London, United Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan Out of sight, out of reach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.8 Urban income disparities also mean unequal access to water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Amitabh Bachchan Reaching every child: Wiping out polio in Mumbai . . . . . . . 23
2.9 School attendance is lower in slums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Eugen Crai A world apart: The isolation of Roma children . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ATD Fourth World Movement Youth Group, New York City Speaking for ourselves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Tuiloma Neroni Slade Pacific challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 José Clodoveu de Arruda Coelho Neto Building children’s lives to build a city. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Ricky Martin Trafficked children in our cities: Protecting the exploited in the Americas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Celine d’Cruz and Sheela Patel Home-grown solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Figures An urban world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 1.1 Almost half of the world’s children live in urban areas. . . . 2 1.2 Urban population growth is greater in less developed regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Educational attainment can be most unequal in urban areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Urban populations are growing fastest in Asia and Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 Urban HEART planning and implementation cycle. . . . 52 4.2 Twelve core indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.3 Design scenarios for an informal settlement. . . . . . . . . 65 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Statistical tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Under-five mortality rankings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Table 1. Basic indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Table 2. Nutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Table 3. Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Table 4. HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Table 5. Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Table 6. Demographic indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table 7. Economic indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Table 8. Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Table 9. Child protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Table 10. The rate of progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Table 11. Adolescents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Table 12. Equity – Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Table 13. Equity – Household wealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
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