Cost Supplies used Equipment needed Output
Number of classes held Number of projects completed Number of people served Number of letters answered Number of applications processed Number of inspections made
Outcome
Crime rate Employment rate Incidence of disease Average student test scores Percent of youth graduating from high school Number of successful rehabilitations Number of traffic accidents
Efficiency
Cost per kilometer of road repaired (output based) Cost per million gallons of drinking water delivered to customers (output based) Cost per number of school buildings that were improved from “poor ” to “good ” condition (outcome based)
Exhibit 2-8 contrasts output and outcome indicators for specific services or activities. Exhibit 2-8. Contrast Between Output and Outcome Indicators Output Indicators 1. Number of clients served. 2. Lane kilometers of road repaired. 3. Number of training programs held. 4. Number of crimes investigated. 5. Number of calls answered.
Outcome Indicators 1. Clients whose situation improved. 2. Percentage of lane kilometers in good condition. 3. Number of trainees who were helped by the program. 4. Conviction rates of serious crimes, and crime rate. 5. Number of calls that led to an adequate response.
As a summary of selecting performance indicators, Exhibit 2-9 provides an example of Objectives, Outcomes, and Indicators for a road maintenance program. The example also provides targets for improving performance. Targets will be addressed later in this manual, in Step 5, Data Analysis. Exhibit 2-9. Example of an Objective, Outcomes, Indicators, and Targets Road Maintenance Program Objective: Provide safe, rideable roads to the citizens, by regular renovation and maintenance of existing roads and by upgrading of any unpaved roads in the municipality.
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