50th anniversary of the six-day war
How the Six-Day War changed American Jews
Tidewater teens at a Gadna Camp in 1974. Standing: Lisa Bresenoff Feierstein, Bobby Morell, Marcy Goldsticker Berger, Roger Leibowitz, Marty Einhorn, Kim Goldner. Front row: Phyllis White, Judy Rosenblatt, Terri Denison, Jonathan Leavitt, Jeff Goldman, Margie Marcus.
Six unforgettable days, 50 memorable years
S
itting in front of my grandparents’ black and white television set watching Abba Eban’s unforgettable speech before the United Nations General Assembly is certainly one of my most distinctive memories of the Six-Day War. Just 10 years old and not able to fully comprehend the complexities of the war and Israel’s tenuous position, I nevertheless experienced the fear that turned to relief and then to pride that engulfed my family and the rest of American Jewry. Shortly after the war, my grandmother managed to secure the sheet music for Yerushalayim Shel Zahav, Jerusalem of Gold. She played it often and it quickly became one of my favorite songs. Her copy is still in her piano bench, which now resides in our living room. After the Six-Day War, Israel’s reality and future appeared more assured. Contemporary Jewish music was now influenced by Israeli musicians and composers, Hebrew was pronounced ‘Israeli style’ in temple, teens took trips to Israel, and we learned to eat falafel and to rally on behalf of the Jewish state. The truth is, just about everything Jewish seemed different after June 1967. And, so, 50 years later, after far too many wars, bombs, deaths, and discord, alongside Israel’s tremendous growth with its countless medical, technological, cultural, culinary, and environmental contributions to the world, we dedicate a few pages to looking back, to remembering, and to considering the small state’s future. In addition to the articles that provide background and historical details about those six days and what led up to them, we asked several locals to share their memories and thoughts. Their brief pieces are interesting and at times, emotional. For those too young to recall the Six-Day War, we hope these pages offer another perspective, and for those who lived through it, we hope these articles evoke positive memories. Without a doubt, it was a war that changed the course of history and life in one particular Middle Eastern neighborhood.
Terri Denison, Editor
Front page of paper published by Norfolk Jewish Community Council, June 1967
Ben Sales
NEW YORK (JTA)—On the morning of June 5, 1967, as Arab armies and Israel clashed following weeks of tension, Rabbi Irving “Yitz” Greenberg sat anxious amid his congregants at daily prayers—fearful that the Jewish people would face extinction for the second time in 25 years. “One of the people said, ‘They’re going to wipe out Israel. What’s going to be?’” recalls Greenberg, then the spiritual leader of a synagogue in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. “I said, ‘They’re not going to wipe out Israel, and if they do, there’s going to be a sign up: The shul is closed.’ Faith could not go on with an unmitigated catastrophe of that size happening again.” The fear felt by Greenberg pervaded the air in American Jewish communities that week. Two decades after the world learned the full extent of the Holocaust, Americans looked on from afar as Egypt and Syria threatened the young Jewish state. Jonathan Sarna, then 12, remembers watching on TV as Israelis dug mass graves to prepare for potential slaughter. A teenage Yossi Klein Halevi remembers the broadcasts of mass rallies in Cairo calling for Israel’s death. But many American Jews, haunted by their failure to act during the Holocaust, didn’t just passively watch events unfold—they decided to mobilize. They raised tens of millions of dollars. They held rallies. They lobbied President Lyndon Johnson. Within days, however, the fear turned to relief. The relief turned to pride when Israel won the war
in six days, tripling its territory and taking control of Judaism’s holiest sites. The Six-Day War, as it quickly became known, intensified American Jews’ love for Israel and imbued them with a new confidence to advocate for their interests at home and abroad. And the terror that consumed the community in the run-up to the war led to an increased emphasis on Holocaust remembrance. The shift from terror to power experienced by the Jewish community in June 1967 set up Holocaust memory and support of Israel as the twin poles of American Jewish identity. At the same time, however, it sparked debates on territory, history, identity, and occupation—issues that continue to consume American Jews 50 years later. “There was an emotional trajectory that united Jewish people in a way I don’t think we’ve ever seen since the revelation at Mount Sinai 3,500 years ago,” says Klein Halevi, author of Like Dreamers, a chronicle of Israel’s Six-Day War generation. Growing up in Brooklyn, he recalls “moving from existential dread to relief when we realized that Israel had taken the offensive.” American Jews poured their money into supporting the embattled state—creating a precedent (and expectations) for Jewish philanthropy for decades to come, historians say. In the New York City area alone, the United Jewish Appeal raised more than $20 million during the week of the war, nearly $150 million in today’s dollars. Greenberg recalls a congregant taking out a second mortgage to donate $20,000 to Israel. In the New York continued on page 8
jewishnewsva.org | May 29, 2017 | Jewish News | 7