ANTHROPOCENE
VOLUME 1
CONTENTS Cover image by Nell Searle Editorial image by Demmie Chandler Back cover image by Brandon Thacker
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Editorial
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Aneesha Nadeem • Lloyd Boateng-Bailey
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Nicole Valente
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Nell Searle • Jordan Jones
14 Hannah Lowe • Lucas 18 Lina Stoyanova 20
Ribeiro Dos Santos
Harry Kidd • William Vincent
24 Demmie Chandler • Robin Mahr 28 Indianne Campbell • Zuleika Rodriguez
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Sarah Dix
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Brandon Thacker • Shahabuddin Ahmad
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Contributors
Minutes, hours, days, years, or epochs, how do you measure time? Rapid changes in technology, industry, migration, climate and the environment are accelerating at such unprecedented rates that human impact on the planet may have propelled us into a new geological epoch known as the Anthropocene.
EDITORIAL
The photographers collaborated with a team of skilled journalists adding eloquent voices to the pictures whilst graphic designer Joe Verity expertly moulded the stories into this newspaper. Each contributor has approached the task from an individual angle, they contemplate what it is to live in the Anthropocene and challenge us to spend our time wisely.
PAUL GR EEN LEAF
The tangible effects of these changes are being recorded in the oceans, on land and in the atmosphere. The group of photographers from the University of East London were challenged with creating a series of images to confront some of these issues. Nicole Valente encounters animals in captivity, Hannah Lowe enlists the help of endangered sea turtles to tell her story, while Indianne Campbell meets some of the XR people rebelling against our own extinction. Harry Kidd documents the majestic landscapes of Iceland whilst Demmie Chandler focuses on the small scale struggle for life closer to home. Sarah Dix, Brandon Thacker and Lina Stoyanova focus our attention on discarded waste choking the environment. Nell Searle travels to a near future offering escape into a digital world, but Aneesha Nadeem warns of racial prejudice polluting the technosphere.
T HE T E CHN O S P HE RE
ANEESHA NADEEM
Aneesha Nadeem’s photographs explore the dark side of the technosphere – the name given to the technical realm that makes up part of the Anthropcene age that these projects are exploring.
JO UR NAL IS T: L LO YD B O ATEN G-B AILEY
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A young Asian woman draped in bright green fabric stares out at us. Over her mouth a Google search of the term “Indian People” throws up three racist stereotypes in the pop up window.
Aneesha is suspicious of this technical sphere because of the power that she thinks it has over us. Without coming up with any easy answers, her photographs remind us that the internet sometimes reveals attitudes that have to be questioned.
racism in England was peaking because of terrorist attacks. Mainstream media and social media pointed the finger at people who shared a part of my identity, the part that was Muslim.” Aneesha’s family have always been very open and proud of their culture and of being Muslim. But Aneesha also remembers being warned that she might come across people who could be suspicious of her difference to them. The explanation she was offered was that they might not have had the education necessary to understand people from other cultures.
“I just kind of thought about how that world of technology affects me,” said Aneesha, “or people like me being a second generation in this country and visibly being part of a different culture in the UK.”
“As a result, in a way I didn’t blame them,” she said, “but I would advise people to just look into whatever culture you don’t understand and you will realise that just because someone is a different colour to you and has different customs it doesn’t make them inferior or dangerous.”
Now 19, Aneesha was raised here but her father was raised in Pakistan. She did have access to the internet growing up, but only at school and on her family PC, and she did not get her first phone till she was 13.
Aneesha’s photographs highlight intolerance, and aim to provoke the viewer into thinking about the way that the technosphere does not just provide a platform for these attitudes, but may help create them too.
“My generation was one of the last who grew up without technology at the core of everyday life. It was about being out in the garden or playing with my dolls, drawing or riding my bike, instead of being on YouTube or a PS4.”
As evidence Aneesha said the more that technology evolved, that more she noticed racism get worse. “The easier it became to send someone a message on the internet and hidden behind a screen…the harsher and more aggressive people became.”
So when did she become aware of the racism out there on the internet?
She also noticed the way that the anonymity of the web allowed people to share ignorant ideologies that they probably would not have otherwise. “It gave them power that they had no right to,” she said.
“The first time I experienced the outcomes of racism in a way that was harsh enough to affect me was in 2017, when
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And it wasn’t just online that Aneesha felt persecuted. “Insults such as ‘Go back to your country you dirty Paki’ became normal even walking down the street of my home town, where I should have felt safe.” So what does she want to achieve with the photographs? “On one level I want to shock people,” she said. Her intention is that it’s only after looking at the pictures more closely that the viewer suddenly becomes aware of the shocking nature of the comments. “The media text is almost gagging the person,” she said, and I agree. There is something abusive about not only the words, but the way they are pasted over the mouths of these people who invite us to look them directly in the eye. “The reaction I am hoping to get from this is for people to almost be shocked and be like ‘wow’ that’s brave to bring these words out into the open.” At first Aneesha was worried about offending people, but decided that if racists don’t want to hide their comments then why shouldn’t she highlight their racism in her work, especially if it helps change things for the better. “So what I want to get out from this is for us to change people’s thoughts and views. Even if it’s a couple of people that’s better than nobody.” Aneesha also wants the pictures to provoke people into engaging with the technosphere more critically. Finally I asked Aneesha how she herself used social media. “Having been a victim of stereotyping first hand, I have always been wary of what I say and do on social media. I’ve always been aware that anything I post will never really be gone even when deleted. It will forever be etched into the technosphere, and so I know I have to behave responsibly.” It’s as if Aneesha sees the internet in the same way that environmentalists see the natural world – as a potentially beautiful place that needs to be kept free from pollution.
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8 Anthropocene
C APTIVE
NICOLE VALENTE
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DIG ITA L E S CA P IS M
NELL SEARLE
I open my eyes. It takes a few moments to adjust from the darkness. I can already feel the warmth of the sun as it absorbs into my skin. I feel more alive than I ever have before.
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JO UR NAL IS T: J OR D AN JON ES
I look down and see my bare feet, the gorgeously green grass caressing my toes. I brace myself to take a step forward. I look up again, and this time I notice a tree in the distance. And it isn’t the only one. There are so many: immensely tall and elegant, standing proudly in this green paradise. I move towards one, reaching my hand out to feel the coarse bark. There’s a lingering smell of freshness in the air. The aroma of life. I can hear the birds singing as they flit amongst nature’s skyscrapers; and the buzz of a bee as it works its way through an array of rainbow-coloured forest flowers that line the pathway. There are bluebells and daffodils and daisies, tulips and pansies and carnations. I stop to catch my breath, inhaling the pure oxygen from my surroundings, and letting my lungs fill to the brim with it. There’s too much to explore and I don’t have much time. Beyond the trees I can see a waterfall that glides down over cascading rocks into a small pond. As I approach the water its surface looks dark and I can’t imagine how far it goes down. I’ve read stories about the murky depths of lakes and the creatures that inhabit them. “It’s fine. Nothing can harm me here,” I remind myself as I approach the edge. Taking a deep breath I dip my toe into the cool, clear water. There is an overwhelming urge inside me.
A chill makes its way up my spine. I pull out my toe and undress, and then step onto the rock ledge in front of which the water falls away into the deep. I pinch my nose and step off into the water. I plunge beneath it, bubbles and underwater waves soaring around me. Time feels as though it is standing still – although I know that sadly it isn’t. I feel myself falling and for the first time I remember, I feel free. Then I start to rise up again towards the light. I try to keep myself under but eventually my head breaks the surface. I kick my legs up to float on my back, and stare at the clear blue sky. I can see a lone bird flitting across the blue in short jerky movements, almost like it’s glitching. I lose any sense of time. Then I notice my eyes begin to feel heavy. I feel like I’m drifting off and yet waking up at the same time. It’s a weird feeling. It’s time to close my eyes but I wish it wasn’t. I want more. Childishly, I open my eyes as wide as they can go for one last time. I want to take in as much as I can in my last moments here. Then my eyes close. Time passes. When I open my eyes again I’m staring at a grey, damp wall. There’s a thin crack that runs down the length of it and spreads its way up to the ceiling like a vein. I feel heavy and empty. I lean forward towards the switch, the red one below the dial on which the needle is shifting from green to black. I unplug myself, stand up, and walk towards the metal door.
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I step through it and feel my toes sink into cold ash. The skeletons of black trees loom over me. As I pass one, I reach out and touch it. The bark crumbles in my fingers. I breathe in the dust of this dead tree and almost gag. With every heavy step I try to cough the ash out of me. I don’t want to breathe in this air. The stench of decay is suffocating. I have to make my way back to the Dream Factory for the start of my twelve-hour shift. At least they have begun to offer better incentives. It usually takes me a minute to earn one credit, meaning it takes about twenty days to earn the 15000 credits I need to buy 30 minutes on the other side. But they have now announced that if we pedal so fast that we beat the other teams in our district, then they’ll reward us with an extra five minutes. It does not sound like much. But any time on the other side means everything to me. They have promised that if we all keep calm and pedal on, that other world that we have seen will come back again. And as it was our fault we lost it, it’s right that we should pedal day and night to regain it. If we do as we are told it will all be OK. Twelve hours pedalling will power one of their houses for the duration of my shift. I’m proud of the active role I am taking in restoring the Earth to its previous glory, and I’m happy to part of a system that credits my effort with credits rather than via the monetary exchange that helped destroy the old world. And I don’t care that there’s almost nothing worth buying except the live experience – because it’s that experiencing that reminds me what I’m peddling for. Of course the world was half dead by the time I came into it, as was my grandfather. He was one of the conspiracy theorists who refused to buy into the new system. I loved him but in the end was not allowed to see him. Before they took him away he would tell me how it was them, not us that ran the old world into the ground, and that we should refuse to pedal for them. But the ramblings of an old man aren’t exactly the best form of education, are they? And there were always way more of us than there were them, so of course it makes sense that we are the ones to blame for the fate of the planet. And anyway why would they lie to us? Everything works so efficiently so they must be telling the truth. I clock in to start my shift and clamber onto my bike. Then I place the ear buds into my ears, choose a generic playlist, and start pedalling.
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J OU R N A L IST: L U C A S R IB EIR O DOS SA N TOS
O NE TUR TL E AT A TI ME
HANNAH LOWE 14 Anthropocene
One Turtle at a Time Hello human friend, I’m a sea turtle. Is this your first time in the ocean? Don’t worry, I will give you a quick informative tour. You will love it! There are plenty of other sea turtles around. Well actually not so many anymore. But anyway, aren’t I enough for you? This ocean is a beautiful place, where we turtles can swim and hang out with the rest of our marine friends, those that are left anyway. And this world won’t feel completely alien to you because there is something here that you will be familiar with. It’s plastic. We didn’t ask for it, so either you dumped it here on purpose – which I’m sure you’d never do – or you lost it, accidentally. In which case we will just hold on to it until you come and reclaim it. Does that work for you? Good. There’s quite a lot of it. Between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes of it enters our oceans each year, or so we hear. We don’t know where we are going to keep it all, but oh well. You guys are so much smarter than us, so we’ll just wait till you figure something out. If you dip your head beneath the water you might be lucky enough to see the light catch some of the millions of tiny pieces of it. Pretty isn’t it? OK our next stop on the tour is the big rock. This is where most of my friends like to hang out. I would introduce you to them to you, but the weird thing is I haven’t seen them for a while. Come to think of it, less and less turtles come around here nowadays. Oh, and I forgot to tell you, all that plastic I said enters the ocean each year has been accumulating, which means that by the end of this year we might have the privilege of looking after around 150 million metric tons of plastic for you!
To be completely honest - and I don’t mean to offend - I don’t really see what the big fascination is - in this plastic stuff. We here like the way the world around us constantly changes. Things grow, then fade away. It’s kind of beautiful. But that stuff just never knows when it’s time to go. Do you know what I mean? So why don’t you make things out of something biodegradable instead? Just an idea but worth considering hey? The only reason I’m saying this is because the other day I accidentally ate some plastic and I’m now feeling really sick. I heard that all a turtle needs to accidentally eat to run the risk of dying is just 14 pieces of plastic. But I’m sure I’ve not eaten that many. No way - though they are sometimes easy to miss. Anyway, enough about me. Let’s move on to the final stop of our tour. Behold the Great Pacific Garbage Patch! This is an island made entirely of plastic. It weighs around 80,000 tones and covers about 1.6 million square kilometres. Did you know that this place weighs as much as 500 jumbo jets and is about the size of Texas, or three time the size of France? Personally I don’t like it. Sorry, I don’t mean to offend you dear human, but to me it looks out of place. My guess is it’s more to your taste though, which is why I thought we’d end the tour here. Let’s finish by sharing a silent moment, during which you can imagine that I’m not here. That there are no more turtles, and you can have this island, and the ocean, all to yourself. Weird hey? OK, that’s it! Thanks for visiting. Please come again. But come soon, because I don’t know how long I will be around.
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LINA STOYANOVA 18 Anthropocene
ICELA N D’S E VA N E S CE N CE
HARRY KIDD
J OU R N A L IST: W IL L IA M V IN C EN T
A black shadow cast over the landscape stretches as far as my eye will allow The glow of a setting sun illuminates the space around me burning black to orange A darkened landscape with strokes of green painting the night sky Aurora Borealis dances above me Her waves of colour sit above the mountain tops, bending and weaving through the clouds Cosmic blue fills my vision shifting from black to blue to the faded glow of emerald Aurora joins the dots as a million glowing stars sit scattered behind her
Spitting out mouthfuls of water Struggling to keep our heads above We sit on the top of the lagoon Clinging on to what little we have left Five of us remain in this open space Now just a faint white line lies in the distance We watched our landscape dwindle and decay And you are the ones who destroyed everything You are the ones who have taken everything away from us But as we slowly submerge into this ocean of what once was Think about what you have done Think now before it is too late Before your own destruction becomes your greatest demon And your everything becomes like us Nothing 22 Anthropocene
Once spires, the two of us stand still Engulfed in an opaque space of white Nothing to hold on to as we sink into our surroundings The land rises as you and I fall I see you sickeningly curve inwards as you melt into the blue lagoon I love you because you are all that I have left But yet when I look at you, I grow sadder and sadder Watching you decay and lose your colour Knowing that nothing is changing except your once fantastic shape And the saddest part of it all I can’t see myself but I know we are the same Once spires, the two of us are soon to be no more
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J O URN A LIS T: RO BIN MA HR G AIA
DEMMIE CHANDLER 24 Anthropocene
A poetic irony hangs over humanity’s entropic slog versus the weeds that sprout up through pavement cracks. It’s a battle of grey over green, of ‘man vs nature’. In literature ‘man’ is the hero, struggling against the elements to complete some impossible task. But back in reality the heroism is inverted; for the irony of the situation shows us that it is we, the humans, who are the dangerous force, standing instead in the way of nature. London is full of urban areas like Canning Town in which, unless you want to walk down the muddy culde-sac that is Bow Creek Ecology Park, the only green outside of gardens comes in the form of little sprouting soldiers fighting their heroic battle against the measured footprint of stone and steel, as the capital marches ever forwards bringing form and urban function, but at a time of climate crisis when we need plants, and their function, more than ever before. What green spaces London has are places of serious import. Imagine instead a city where parks and pitches wither. The social life that surrounds them would shrivel away as well. A community cut down like the trees, fading away with the wildlife - including its smallest members and their intricate habitats. If only the symbiosis necessary for nature to thrive embraced both the lofty concrete tower and the humble tree, but the ecological distance between them is stretched too far, and the link snaps like a dead branch.
In the last two centuries eighty percent of our forests have already been destroyed, and yet elders scold a child for seeing what they cannot. Arrogance in years will bring nothing but tears. Should we not teach so that others may see? Idle and baseless threats made to the ‘Thunbergs’ of the world suggest a battle of ideas, whereas only together can we face this threat. The problem is that although nature gets to retaliate, it cannot win, because humanity’s reckless abandon will still poison the planet. So even if the seas rise to drown our cities, the stain of plastic and pollution will last for millennia. With pledges to be carbon neutral in thirty years perhaps thirty years too late, does the pressure for you to “do your bit” sound as hollow as a myth? But all is in fact not lost. The work of activists such as the group Save Our Green Spaces is already doing just that - as in saving what is left of the green space in urban areas. Online people make pledges: twenty-million trees are on the way. Little acorns maybe, but it’s a start? So why not join in? Identify and care for a personal green space. Fight for the green space closest to you. The opportunities to fight for your green future can be small or large. And as one and one makes two so individuals, like little weeds, can gather force and push their way up through the pavement.
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JO UR NAL IS T: Z ULE IKA R OD R IG U EZ
INDIANNE CAMPBELL 28 Anthropocene
By last October there had been 1,600 arrests of Extinction Rebellion (XR) protesters in London, and policing XR protests had cost the Met Police £37 million, showing that 2019 was the year that environmental activism was taken to a new level. Environmentalism is defined as concern about and action aimed at protecting the environment. The first European environmental movements arrived in Europe in the 19th Century, mainly as a response to the increasing levels of smoke pollution linked to the Industrial Revolution. Although industrialisation brought jobs it also brought pollution and diseases, such as cholera. A lack of environmental regulations meant that factory pollution and urban sprawl were unchecked, which led to the establishment of campaigning groups keen to protect public health and green spaces. The 70s were an important decade for environmentalism in Britain, with momentum for its concerns gathering around the world. It was also in the 70s that scientists began to notice depletion of ozone in our atmosphere, though it was not until 1985 that a substantial hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica was widely reported in the press. The first national green party in Europe was founded in Britain in 1973. Called “PEOPLE”, it eventually became the Green Party. Another milestone was the establishment of Earth Day in 1970. Roll forward to October 2018 and northern social activist Gail Bradbrook travelled to Costa Rica, took ayahuasca and other psychotropic drugs, and decided to change
her approach to campaigning. Back in the UK she met fellow activist Roger Hallam and so XR was born. XR has three demands of the UK government: that it declares a “climate and ecological emergency”; that it acts now to halt biodiversity loss and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2025; and finally that it creates a Citizens’ Assembly to make decisions on “climate and ecological justice.” Over half of XR’s money comes from online crowdfunding. A further 35 per cent is from sympathetic trusts and about 11 per cent comes from individual donors. Their October protest raised £100.000 in just 12 hours. The group’s main costs are for food, tents, stages, power, sound equipment, art displays, banners and PR. XR has about 650 groups in around 45 countries. Although it’s hard to say how many members they are, press reports suggest that the protests that took place in London in October 2019 included environmental scientists, carpenters, psychologists, administrators, business owners, teachers, mental health workers and the retired elderly. But what makes someone become an activist? According to a research article published in the journal Frontiers in Communication, the strongest predictor of environmental activism is risk perception – i.e. the more worried you are about the effects of global warming the more like you are to do something about it!
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Meanwhile, the factors that predict citizen activism are very similar for both groups. The single strongest predictor of citizen activism overall was risk perception – perceiving global warming as a greater risk to oneself, one’s family, other people, future generations, and other species. The greater the perceived risk, the more likely Latinos and nonLatino Whites were to contact government officials, urging them to act. Personal contact by an organization working on global warming was another factor that predicted citizen activism. Finally, perhaps unsurprisingly, the more barriers individuals perceived the less likely they were to take political action. The barriers most often cited were “no one has ever asked me to contact elected officials about global warming” and “I don’t know which elected officials to contact.” To help find out for myself I attended a weekly XR meeting at a chapel in Hackney. By the time I arrived only about 50 people were left, but I managed to get the number of one of the activists that Indianne the photographer had taken a picture of. His name was Joe and I arranged to speak to him the next day. Joe is a 25-year-old who grew up in East Yorkshire and now lives in East London. He’s active in XR but also works for the environmental news website China Dialogue. Although always an environmentalist, his concern really caught fire one evening when he was at home watching TV and came across David Attenborough’s climate change documentary The Facts. It was a watershed moment when he realised that unless he did something actively to protect the planet, he would just be part of the problem.
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The October protests were significant for Joe, personally as well as politically. He remembers a quiet morning outside Westminster Abbey when some people walked by and he began talking to them. Before he knew it more people had gathered and before long he found that he had a crowd of about 30 people all listening to what he had to say about how they could make a difference if they joined XR. “It was inspiring to see how I could change people’s minds so quickly,” said Joe. “These people had thought they were helpless, but then realised they were not.” In an article on the BBC History, Karen Jones, reader in environmental and cultural history at the University of Kent, traces the start of modern environmentalism to 18th Century Romantic movements and the poet Wordsworth who wrote a guide to The Lake District in which he described the lakes as “a sort of national property” that needed to be protected. Joe is just one of a swelling army of young people who have rejected the age of the selfie to work towards recording and protecting something more collective – the planet on which we live – and as such, according to Karen Jones, he is part of a significant historical movement. She ends the article with the following statement: “Environmentalism is a major part of modern British history. And living, as we are, in the age of the Anthropocene – an epoch defined by humanity’s capacity to transform the world around us – it is set to become more important still.”
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SARAH DIX
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J OU R N A L IST: SH A H A B U DDIN A H M A D
TH E O NE R OUTE TO CHA NGE
BRANDON THACKER 36 Anthropocene
The first time you meet Brandon you get a strong sense that this is a man who thinks carefully about things. He is polite and articulate, and his pictures show an attention to detail that speaks of consideration and commitment. The way his pictures detail litter and waste have a forensic quality that goes with the way he speaks about litter in such detail. On the first time we met he shared alarming statistics, such as that cigarette butts make up 28% to 33% of all litter nationwide. He then showed me some photos he’d found of how litter directly endangers wildlife. The first one was of a hedgehog wedged inside a can, and the second was of a turtle who had to adapt to life lived inside a can of soft drink. Meeting with Brandon alerted me to things I had not thought about before and so I did some of my own research. I read about a survey carried out by Dr Colin Waters, principal geologist at the British Geological Survey, in which he calculated that we produce around 300m metric tonnes of plastic every year, and that half of all the concrete ever used has been produced in the last twenty years. Another arresting claim made by his study
is that wildlife is being pushed into an ever-smaller area of the planet. So, whereas 50% of ice-free land was considered wild only three years ago, now only 25% is. When I next met Brandon, I asked if he remembered when and why he first began to care about the environment so much. He said he could not really pinpoint one moment, but remembered always feeling strongly about people throwing litter – even “disgusted” by it. He was also profoundly affected by documentaries such as Richard Attenborough’s The Blue Planet. Asked why he thinks that – when it comes to litter anyway – people so often appear not to care, he put this down to laziness and ignorance. They litter when there isn’t an empty bin nearby, and they are unaware of what the consequences might be. Getting to know Brandon has made me more determined not to add to the problem and to know more about what is being done to tackle it. Keep Britain Tidy is an independent charity that was set up in 1955 after a resolution was passed at a conference set up by The British Women’s Institute. On the charity’s website it says that more than two million pieces of litter are
dropped in the UK every day, and that street cleaning costs over £1 billion a year. In 2019 the charity organised over half a million volunteers including 175,055 students - to clear up streets parks and beaches all over the country. Brandon told me that though this project is specifically about litter, it links in with his general love of landscape and nature. His favourite terrains to photograph include fields and mountains, and he has enjoyed exploring new places, such as the Lake District, and to get out in the land by hiking and cycling. Look online and you will see that even in the depths of the countryside littering and fly tipping is a big problem, so much so that in the Lake District for example they have to hold the Great Cumbrian Litter Pick every year. Littering is not a new problem. A road marker discovered on Paros shows that there was anti littering legislation in ancient Greece. The sign reads: “Whoever drops their litter on the street owes 51 drachma.” But Brandon’s pictures remind us that the warning given by the ‘Anthropocene’ label given to the current era means that littering now has to come to an end.
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P H OTOGR A P H ER S
Nicole Valente Instagram: lifeby.nixsval Harry Kidd harrykidd.com Nell Searle nellsearlephoto.com Hannah Lowe Instagram: hannahlowephotography Demmie Chandler Instagram: demira.photo Indianne Campbell indianne@hotmail.com Sarah Dix Instagram: Sarahk19971 Brandon Thacker Instagram: brandonthackerphotography
JOU R NA L I ST S
Lina Stoyanova Instagram: cvetestph
Llyoyd Boateng-Baily
CONTRIBUTORS
Aneesha Nadeem ahnphotography.co.uk Instagram: _ahnphotography
William Vincent Jordan Jones Lucas Ribeiro Dos Santos Robin Mahr Zuleika Rodriguez
ENQ U I RI ES
Minna Kantonen School of Architecture and Visual Arts University of East London Docklands Campus London E16 2RD m.kantonen@uel.ac.uk
GR A PH IC DE SIG N
Shahabuddin Ahmad
Joe Verity University of East London Email: Joeverity@aol.com Instagram: Joeverity_
The views expressed in Antropocene are those of the respective contributors. All right reserved 2020. Š University of East London
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