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Being proactive and careful during time spent outside can have a significant impact with an infected tick! » PAGE 3
“In physics, you have a lot of control. In winemaking, you have to deal with the weather and [other] variables [that] are all changing.” » PAGE 4
Lyme Disease Awareness Month
The Science of Wine
IN THIS ISSUE
Events » PAGE 2 Features » PAGE 3 Columns » PAGE 4 Puzzles » PAGE 8
SynapseNewspaper
The UCSF Student
synapse.ucsf.edu | Thursday, April 30, 2015 | Volume 59, Number 14
Kimberly Topp inspires Survey of Student Expenses students in her Last Lecture Reveals Strained Finances Bryne Ulmschneider Associate Editor
O n April 22, Chair of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Dr. Kimberly Topp, PhD, gave an address that wove
Taylor LaFlam Science Editor
Recurring themes throughout the talk were her personal work ethic, which started in eighth grade as a babysitter and child-care
T he stereotype of the graduate student living in a cramped apartment, heating
ramen on a hot plate, is decades old. Today, you won’t find as many hot plates (hello, microwave), but a recent survey conducted by the UCSF financial aid office reveals what most students don’t need a report to tell them: living in San Francisco is more expensive than ever. Each year, the UCSF Financial Aid Office generates cost-of-attendance estimates, which include living expenses and academic costs such as tuition and supplies, for each program. These estimates play an important role in determining financial aid awards. Every year, employees of the office conduct research on living costs by, for example, examining Craigslist listings.
together stories from her personal and professional life. Dr. Topp became the fourth UCSF professor voted by the students to answer the prompt, “If you had one lecture to give, what would you say?” to a rapt and responsive audience.
Courtesy of Susan Merrell (University RelationS)
provider and continued through various jobs – including retail – along her journey to college, graduate school, post-doc and beyond.
LAST LECTURE » PAGE 6
Advice from OCPD
Mentoring and Mentorship Naledi Saul Contributing Writer
M entoring is a vital part of the learning process as well as crucial to career
development in various professions. Yet, many people struggle with how to approach a potential mentor and how to respectfully continue the conversation beyond the initial encounter. Conversely, potential mentors struggle with what it means to mentor someone and how to negotiate their time and set expectations given competing priorities in their lives. What many people don’t realize is how flexible a mentorship could be. Mentorship doesn’t have to be like a parent/child
relationship. Instead, a mentor can be someone that you can have infrequent, yet impactful contact with. Even if you only speak to this person once or three times a year, they can still offer valuable guidance and resources. Once you’ve identified individuals that you want to build a mentorship relationship with, here are some tips for both mentors and mentees: Advice for people looking for a mentor (mentees):
MENTOR » PAGE 6
Occasionally, though, it’s time for a reality check. “Every few years we want to balance [our research] against the students’ experiences,” said Carrie Steere-Salazar, director of the Financial Aid Office until her retirement on April 17. Earlier this year, all graduate and professional students were invited to take a survey with questions on a variety of aspects of student finances, such as: How much is your rent? How many people do you live with? How much do you spend on transportation? The last time the financial aid office conducted such a survey was 2010. Nearly half of all students responded: 59 percent of graduate division Ph.D. students and 46 percent of master’s and professional students. The majority of responding students, 73 percent, live off campus and rent.
Currently, these students report an average monthly rent of $1,349. This significantly exceeds the housing costs projected by the 2014-2015 Financial Aid office Budget: $1,247 per month for rent and utilities. The Financial Aid Office’s anticipated 2015-2016 budget has significantly increased in response, to $1,465 per month. As this primarily matches what is currently being paid, it is likely that it will fall behind again over the course of the next year if, as expected, rents continue to increase. This average rent is also 50 percent of the pre-tax stipend received by most UCSF Ph.D. students. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, households paying more than 30 percent of their income for housing are considered cost burdened. Concerns about cost are giving admitted students pause as they consider enrolling. “Financial reasons are the most commonly cited reason for choosing not to come to UCSF,” said Greg Zahner, a second-year medical student who has been studying the finances of past and current UCSF medical students. Increases in tuition and fees, as well as rising housing costs, are significant drivers in rising student debt. For example, the currently graduating UCSF medical students have an average cumulative debt of $116,000, but this is expected to increase to $140,000 over the next four years. This number is below the national average for medical students. “We’ve managed to keep our cumulative debt reasonable compared to our competitors,” said Steere-
STUDENT EXPENSES » PAGE 6
Additional Financial Aid Survey Findings on Student Housing
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Events »
Announcements »
UCSA MAY MEETING AT UCSF
RACE, RACISM, AND HEALTH Sunday, May 3, 9 a.m., Genentech Hall, INEQUALITIES N114, Mission Bay All UCSF students are welcome to attend the May UCSA Board Meeting. UCSA is the collective student government of all UC students. Breakfast and lunch will be provided. Please email Betsy Martin at betsy.martin@ucsf.edu and Kate Mitchell at kate.mitchell@ucsf.edu for more details.
UC GRAD SLAM VIEWING
Monday, May 4, 11a.m., Mission Hall, 1400, Mission Bay Sama Ahmed, graduate student in the Neuroscience Program, will represent UCSF at the first-ever “Grad Slam,” a spirited contest that challenges graduate students from across the UCs to summarize their research in just three minutes – in a way that captivates an enlightens an audience. Livestream: www.universityofcalifornia. edu/grad-slam
GRADUATE & PROFESSIONAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION MONTHLY MEETING
Monday, May 4, 5:30 p.m., Library, 220, Parnassus Meet your assembly members at the monthly GPSA meeting and be a part of the discussion on topics relating to student priorities. Agenda items include: Committee updates, UCSA Meeting, and GPSA transition. Dinner provided with RSVP.
GRADUATE DIVISION ALUMNI SEMINAR SERIES: MEG BYRNE, PHD
Monday, May 4, 2015 7-8:30 p.m., Helen Diller, 160, Mission Bay Come hear from UCSF PhD alumni and learn about their careers! The May seminar features Meg Byrne, who received her PhD in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry from UCSF in 2005. Meg worked as a Medical Writer at newMentor and is currently Senior Editor at PLOS ONE. Sponsors: ASGD, GDAA, iPQB
Tuesday, May 5, 5-7 p.m., Millberry Union, Golden Gate Conference Room Join the Associated Students of the Graduate Division (ASGD) and the Social and Population Sciences Research Consortium (SPaRC) for an interdisciplinary conversation across the social and population sciences. Panel to include UCSF faculty: Howard Pinderhughes (Sociology), Irene Yen (Epidemiology), Aimee Medeiros (History), Kelly Knight (Anthropology), and Kim Dau (Nursing). Reception to follow panel discussion.
RECYCLED/RECLAIMED ART SHOW
Thursday, May 14, 11 a.m.-2 p.m., Rutter Community Center, Mission Bay The Visual Arts Club at UCSF, Campus Life Services Arts & Events and Living Green are excited to present The Recycled/ Reclaimed Art Show. All submittals are made from 99% recycled, reused or reclaimed material. Sponsored by the Performing Arts Fund. Co-sponsored by Living Green at UCSF. Produced by Campus Life Services Arts & Events.
WILS COFFEE TALK WITH DR. FELICE DUNN
Thursday, May 14, noon-1 p.m., Rock Hall, 302, Mission Bay Looking for tips and suggestions for grad school? Wondering about the life path for successful women scientists? Join WILS for an informal interview session with Dr. Felice Dunn. All students, post-docs, and staff are welcome.
LIVINGGREEN FAIR
Thursday, May 14, 11 a.m.-2 p.m., Rutter Center Community Center, Mission Bay The UCSF community is invited to attend the LivingGreen Fair and learn about green living and UCSF green initiatives. Enjoy organic tastings and a free veggie lunch – while supplies last. Shop for eco gifts and foods. Celebrate Bike to Work Day and
participate in the bike auction. UCSF ID required.
UCSF BENIOFF CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL FUNDRAISER
Express your individuality with fun and
GPSA & AADP BONE MARROW DRIVE colorful watches! Fifty percent of sales Tuesday, May 19, 11 a.m.-2 p.m., Medical Science, Nobel Wall, Parnassus The Graduate & Professional Student Association (GPSA), in collaboration with the Asian American Donor Program, will be holding the a Bone Marrow Drive at UCSF. The goal of the drive is to recruit donors to the Be the Match Registry, in hopes of increasing the availability of potential stem cells donors for patients with life threatening diseases that are curable by a stem cell transplant.
from these specially designed face watches will be donated to ucsf benioff children’s hospital san francisco! Shop here: http:// bit.Ly/mw_ucsf
MUSIC IN THE LIBRARY
Wednesday, May 20, noon-1 p.m., Library, Lange Reading Room, Parnassus Campus Life Services Arts and Events presents Music in the Library. Bring your books and study or just sit back and relax while listing to acoustic music. Enjoy free chair massage and lunch. First come, first served. Produced by Campus Life Services. Sponsored by the Sarah B. Childs fund.
CHANCELLOR’S CONCERT SERIES
Thursday, May 21, noon-1 p.m., Cole Hall, Parnassus Looking for a place to study or relax between classes? CLS Arts & Events has got just what you need. The Chancellor’s Concert Series on Thursdays is a great place to set up your laptop and study or just take a break from classes while listening to classical music. Seating begins at noon. Lunch will be served while supplies last.
Get involved! Local businesses and their customers have been raising money for the new UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco through the Big Give for Kids (BGFK) community Initiative. If you know of any businesses that may be interested in being part of the BGFK, please contact linda.cam@ucsf.edu or 415502-1885.
END OF THE YEAR GATHERING
Thursday, June 11, 5:30-7:30 p.m., Smith Cardiovascular Research Building Atrium, Mission Bay Come celebrate PRIDE month at UCSF. Enjoy food, music, and raffle prizes, and acknowledge the LGBT community at UCSF. This event is open to UCSF staff, students, faculty, trainees, and alums, as well as our allies, friends, spouses, and partners. Have an event that you would like to submit? Please email to synapse@ucsf.edu.
UCSF COMMITTEE ON LGBT ISSUES (CLGBTI): LOOKING FOR NEW MEMBERS The UCSF Committee on LGBT Issues
(CLGBTI) is looking for individuals (faculty, staff, students, trainees or medical center employees) who are interested in serving on the Committee for the 2015-16 academic year. The CLGBTI is one of four committees under the Office of Diversity and Outreach. It facilitates key initiatives and projects aimed at increasing the diversity and improving the campus climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) persons. It aims to promote best practices for LGBTQI inclusion and foster retention among LGBTQI students, staff, faculty, post-docs, residents, and fellows. Membership application deadline May 15. HTTP://TINY.UCSF.EDU/CLBGTI
Please join us for an hour of dialogue with
Thupten Jinpa, PhD
acclaimed thought leader and long-time English translator for His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama
in conversation with David Bullard, PhD Clinical professor of medical psychology (psychiatry), UCSF School of Medicine
Monday ! May 18, 2015 ! 12 – 1 p.m.
School of Nursing Room N-217 ! All are welcome! The Buddhist practice of mindfulness caught on in the West when we began to understand the everyday, personal benefits it can bring. Now, in a rare Bay Area appearance, Thupten Jinpa will discuss how the benefits of developing greater compassion may be even more lifechanging than the practice of mindfulness – with special attention to the medical community. He will be in conversation with Dr. Bullard and also read from his extraordinary new book, A Fearless Heart: How the Courage to Be Compassionate Can Transform Our Lives, which is based on the scientific experiments he helped formulate in the Compassion Cultivation Training program he co-created at Stanford University. Sponsored by the Department of Spiritual Care Services For more information, please call 415-353-1941
synapse.ucsf.edu
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Features »
Elective Promotes Wellness May is Lyme Disease Awareness Month Advice on Lyme Disease for Dental Students Robin Krop Contributing Writer
Jean Calvo Contributing Writer
T his quarter during a Tuesday lunchtime elective course dental students are taking a
P eople all around the world are currently having some fun doing the “Lyme disease
break from learning to care for patients to focus on caring for themselves! Funded by a grant from Student Health and Counseling Services and University of California a student led course is promoting wellness in dental students. Third year dental students Mia Arreola and Jean Calvo, with the support of Drs. Linda Centore and James Lyda, designed the course. The course promotes wellness by offering a variety of guest presentations on health topics pertinent to graduate students. Some topics to be covered this quarter are stress relief techniques, sleep hygiene, mental health stigma relief, mindfulness and nutrition. Lily Dashiell, dental student (pictured), recently led a session on yoga for stress relief. Students were invited to participate in a brief beginner yoga practice in Med Sci. The goal of the session was to engage students in active stress reduction and breathing techniques. “We learn so much about how to care about patients, it’s great
challenge.” This entails stuffing a lime in your mouth, posting a picture of your best lime-puckered expression on the Lyme Disease Challenge web site, along with a donation for Lyme disease research.
It’s a fun gesture, inspired by the previous ice bucket challenge for ALS, but the illness it brings attention to, Lyme disease, is anything but fun. Dr Oz completed the Lyme disease challenge, featuring singer Avril Lavigne, who recently went public with her struggle with Lyme disease.
to be taking a little bit of time to care for ourselves,” says Mia Arreola, one of the founders of the course. Currently the course is being offered as a pilot in the school of dentistry, with future hopes to open the course to all professional students at UCSF. Jean Calvo is a third-year dental student.
Five Reasons to Attend the 2015 LivingGreen Fair D on’t miss the 2015 LivingGreen Fair on May 14 from 11 am to 2 pm at Mission
Bay, Rutter Center (1675 Owens Street Conference). The LivingGreen Fair showcases sustainability efforts around the UCSF campus and highlights fun ways to live green. Free eco-friendly prizes. Free e-waste recycling. Free veggie lunches while supply lasts. And, for all UCSF employees and staff, a free Bear Hug if you ride your bike to work on May 14th. Over 75 organizations will provide information and activities related to water conservation, zero waste opportunities, sustainable food, green products, toxics reduction, and more. In addition, the fair will highlight the university’s Sustainability Action Plan, along with Bike to Work Day and a Reclaimed Art Show. Please note
that the Fair will be held at Mission Bay this year (not at Parnassus). So mark your calendar and plan on attending May 14th from 11 am to 2 pm. Here are five reasons you will want to attend: #1: #2: #3: #4: #5:
The Lyme spirochetal bacteria, named for Lyme, CT; where the illness was initially reported in 1975, get through the blood-brain barrier early on and cause inflammation. They can also corkscrew into tissues anywhere; thus, Lyme patients end up with a myriad of confusing symptoms. According to the Centers for Disease Control, regarding initial symptom presentation, “Typical symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans, or EM
LivingGreen Fair Details May 14, 11 a.m.-2 p.m. Mission Bay
Learn more about Living Green Taste yummy, healthy food Get a free Bear Hug if you ride to work Recycle e-waste for free A chance to be creative
Reason #1: Learn more about LivingGreen The fair will offer many fun and engaging resources on how you can live green at
You may never see the tick that bit you, since they can be the size of the period at the end of this sentence. Nymph ticks can bite and drop off; adult female ticks might camp awhile in the skin and be easier to see. Additionally, there are reports of other bugs biting and possibly transmitting Lyme disease. It can also be transmitted via fluids and tissues, including in breast milk, and in blood transfusions. Patients may never realize that they’ve been infected when they develop chronic Lyme disease. Later symptoms may not develop for weeks or months, and may even be the first indications that someone has Lyme disease. Later symptoms can include fatigue, difficulty sleeping, mood swings, hormone irregularities, intestinal irregularities, soft tissue and joint pain, muscle twitching, sensitivity to light and sound and chemicals, difficulty with concentration and memory, heart problems and more. For anyone who is fortunate enough to be aware of a known tick bite, it is advisable to
LYME DISEASE » PAGE 7
Corrections
The full list of authors of “UCSF Participates in First Lessons in a Lunch Box Oral Health Literacy Program” and “Impressing Future Dentists: UCSF Hosts Undergraduate Impressions Conference” which appeared in the April 16 issue of Synapse are Andrea Ustarez, Danielle Rapadas, Bella Nguyen, Eric Brown and Ivy Fua, third-year dental students.
500 Parnassus Avenue, Millberry Union 108W, San Francisco, CA 94143 tel: 476-2211 | fax: 502-4537 synapse@ucsf.edu | synapse.ucsf.edu
The UCSF Student Newspaper Jenny Qi | EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Taylor LaFlam | SCIENCE EDITOR Bryne Ulmschneider | ASSOCIATE EDITOR Hanna Starobinets | STAFF WRITER Akshay Govind | STAFF WRITER Ilka Fensen | STAFF WRITER Yarrow Madrona | STAFF WRITER Yi Lu | STAFF WRITER Anna Nokana | STAFF WRITER Lauren Shields | STAFF WRITER Mayya Shveygert | STAFF WRITER Charllotte Anderson | STAFF WRITER Andrea Villaroman | STAFF WRITER
However, many people do not get an initial bull’s eye rash, leaving them confused about their many vague, shifting and growing symptoms.
The author of “Medical Students Organize Ultrasound Techniques Conference” which appeared in the April 16 issue of Synapse is Amalia Potok, a first-year medical student.
LIVINGGREEN » PAGE 6
Synapse Staff
She is very ill at this point, as are millions of people around the world with an infection caused by a borrelial bacterium known as a spirochete. This is in the same family as syphilis. Indeed, some of the symptoms between these two illnesses are similar, like the relapsing nature and the way both can affect the entire body.
rash. If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart and the nervous system.”
About
Synapse is the UCSF student-run biweekly newspaper which runs on Thursdays during the academic year and publishes online in between print issues. Synapse seeks to serve as a forum for the campus community. Articles and columns represent the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Board of Publications or the University of California.
Advertising
Paid advertisements do not necessarily reflect the views of Synapse. Synapse and its editorial board reserve the right to decline advertisements promoting false or misleading claims, known health risks, or content deemed by the editors to be antithetical to the interests of UCSF students or the UCSF community. Synapse does not accept advertisements from tobacco or alcohol manufacturers, or sexually oriented personal ads. Synapse reserves the right to run any ad Submissions Announcements and letters should be submitted with a disclaimer. seven days before publication. All submissions must be emailed to synapse@ucsf.edu. All material is Visit synapse.ucsf.edu to view the publication schedule and to submit an ad. subjected to editing.
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Columns »
This Date in UCSF History [Exit, Pursued by Science] Taylor LaFlam Science Editor
F rom 55 Years Ago: Vol. 4, No. 7, May 4, 1960: A half century ago, more than 95 percent of doctors were men and more than 95 percent of nurses were women. A couple of articles in the Synapse echoed this particularly stark gender gap with evidence of a particularly gendered idea of nursing. In the “Listening In” column, Barbara Deushane (School of Nursing) wrote. “Yes, there has been much controversy around campus, concerning nursing. . . What kind of a nurse to patients want? In general, patients say they want someone who’s ‘friendly,’ ‘cheerful,’ ‘understanding,’ and ‘interested in them.’ They say, also, that they want a nurse in whom they can have confidence.” A couple of quoted medical professional come across less well. “We talked to a dentist who, while hospitalized, decided upon ‘basic qualities,’ or ‘minimum requirements,’ which he thought nurses should possess. These were ‘empathy, interest, competence, physical attractiveness, and a reasonable amount of coordination.’” Deushane further reported that “Interns and medical students mention the personality factor when they are case physicians, as well as when they are patients. One intern said, ‘I really spend a lot of time around
here and often get tired, so I like a nurse who’s somewhat jovial.’ Perhaps the nurses would also like to work with a physician who is somewhat jovial. Elsewhere in that issue, a news brief discussed the participation by the School of Nursing in a career day at a local high school. “There were two sessions on nursing led by Miss Charlotte Gaffney, instructor at U.C. School of Nursing, who enumerated some of the important qualities required in a nursing career.” (No word on whether physical attractiveness was mentioned.) Several student nurses “explained the differences between their schools, entrance requirements, what student nurses do in their spare time, and modeled their uniforms. A cap bar was set up, where girls could try on the various nursing school caps.”
The Science of Wine Hanna Starobinets Staff Writer
Iwinemaking. don’t know all the science behind But my favorite Sonoma
engineering, they now have a series of barrels with a reproducible toast profile.
“When I was an experimental physicist I would make lots of observations and then try to rationalize them to find out what they meant. The same thing happens in winemaking,” he said in an interview with the Institute of Physics. Chris has applied
Because the amount of toast on a barrel has a huge impact on the flavor of the wine it holds, the variability of traditional toasting has produced variable wines. Even when a winemaker found the perfect barrel, its flavor faded with each year of winemaking. The new infrared technology controls and measures the exact amount of toast, producing an unlimited supply of identical barrels with characteristic profiles. For winemakers, this provides the opportunity to buy identical copies of that one perfect
winemaker, ex-professor of particle physics Dr. Chris Loxton, sure does. After years in academic research, Chris returned to his Australian winemaking roots and started his own business in Sonoma Valley in 2001.
Well, it’s always fun to chortle at old articles. And yet...today, approximately 90 percent of nurses are women, but male nurses on average earn several thousand dollars more annually, even when controlling for experience, specialty, and location. Although nurses no longer have to wear those caps, a sense of nurses being handmaidens to doctors occasionally lingers. We still have some progress to make. Taylor LaFlam is a fourth-year BMS / sixth-year MSTP student.
ALSO FROM 55 YEARS AGO:
Science of Wine. Hanna Starobinets and her mother pose with former professor of
particle physics Dr. Chris Loxton on a recent trip to Loxton Cellars, located in Glen Ellen in Sonoma Valley. his scientific background to understand and improve the conventions and superstitions of the winemaking process. The result is some of the most delicious wine I’ve ever tasted. Every visit to Loxton Cellars, a simple warehouse filled with wine barrels, is a nerd’s paradise. Just mention that you have a background in science or engineering, and Chris will tell you about the latest developments in wine barrel technology and grape breeding, how understanding the Kreb’s cycle can optimize early steps of grape fermentation, or how a simple German filter can produce wine with a French flavor but American texture. Once a scientist, always a scientist.
Between Degrees: UCSF’s Student Literature & Arts Blog
Sunset at Lands End by Nausheen Mahmood, a first-year medical student.
Advances in wine barrel technology: Wine barrels have been made the same way for the last 700 years. Oak was chosen based on its origin and grain, steamed and bent into metal staves, and fire-toasted by master coopers who decided how hot to burn the fire and when to close the lid and smoke the wood. Basically, the process was a craft based on trial and error and experience. Fast-forward to 2014, when World Cooperage, a family-owned wine barrel business established in 1912, announced its infrared toasted barrels at the Unified Wine & Grape Symposium in Sacramento, California. Integrating barrel toasting with infrared spectroscopy and control
barrel that produced an award-winning wine.
For a scientist like Chris Loxton, this also means eliminating one of the many variables of the winemaking process: “In physics… you have a lot of control. You vary one thing, watch what happens and then try to reproduce it. In winemaking, you have to deal with the weather and [other] variables [that] are all changing… When you taste what you’ve made, you try to rationalize it, but it’s almost impossible. The system is too complex.” Sources: Chris Loxton, WineBusiness.com
Institute
of
Physics,
Genetic modification of wine grape species: With the current atmosphere of negativity that surrounds genetic modification, winemakers can’t afford to use laboratory genetic modification to produce diseaseresistant grape vines and risk losing customers. So they rely on traditional methods of genetic modification instead. Vitis vinifera, the species of grape used to make wine, is native to the Mediterranean region. North America has its own native species, Vitis labrusca, which is adapted to local conditions and resistant to local diseases but is not used in large scale commercial winemaking. One of the challenges that Californian winemakers
EXIT SCIENCE » PAGE 7
synapse.ucsf.edu
Columns »
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Dear Mama M,
UCSF Journal Club
deal out of it or risk losing the friendship. Maybe I am wrong for feeling this way, but it does make me feel bad much of the time, and I don’t really know what to do. Any advice? - Sincerely, Totally Taken for Granted
S TRUCTURAL BIOLOGY: Structure of the TRPA1 ion channel suggests
W hat do I do if I have a friend who I feel is often taking me for granted? I don’t want to confront her because I don’t want to hurt her feelings, and I don’t want to make a big
Taylor LaFlam Science Editor
regulatory mechanisms. Paulsen, C.E., et al. (Julius, D.). Nature. 2015. Epub ahead of print. Various ion channels in sensory neurons play an important role in reacting to noxious chemicals and other painful stimuli. In addition, they can have side benefits; for example, the receptor TRPA1 lets us appreciate the bite of wasabi in our Japanese food. However, TRPA1 also plays an important role in some neurogenic inflammation, and better understanding it could aid development of new treatments. Here, the Julius group has determined the structure of TRPA1 using single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, an alternative to traditional X-ray crystallography.
Dear Totally Taken for Granted (TTfG-not to be confused with TGIF), I am so very glad that you asked!! Believe it or not, I have given this topic a lot of thought. Sometimes friends have different ways of looking at things and sometimes friends are frenemies. What does your heart tell you about this friend? If they are full of crap, self-centered, and un-loving then perhaps it is time to ease on down the road. But, if you feel like there is a chance to learn and grow here then you are very lucky sugar. Your discomfort may be your best guide to getting what you want in your friendship. You use the word “confront” which does not sound like any fun honey! Maybe compassionate feedback is a better way to think about it. If this is a true friend worth having, they want to know how you feel even if they don’t agree with you. A few words about being taken for granted. I have an unpopular opinion of being taken for granted. I think love should be taken for granted. To me that means that we know it will always be there. Most love is conditional. But, I want people to take love for granted. To know it is always there. I may not like what people do or say, or not do and say, but if I know the love is not dependent on what I do, then it is the kind of love that can handle a little friction...a little truth…and will expand as you expand it. It is hard to know what makes you feel bad. Is it your expectations? Is it your belief that telling your friend how you feel will “hurt her feelings” or make you lose the friendship altogether? Sweetie, nobody wants you to feel bad, unless perhaps you. So many of us are conditioned to just feel bad, about everything. Another unpopular opinion I have is that we are mostly having relationships with ourselves through or projections onto others. We suffer a great deal with the stories we tell ourselves. Take a look at www.livingcompassion.org if you get a minute. If you want to end your suffering, you can. If you want better friendships you have to start with making a decision inside yourself to be compassionate with yourself, treat yourself well. When you clarify the compassion you are willing to extend to yourself, it will show up in all of your relationships. Take the risk to take your love for yourself for granted sweetie. Take risks with the people you love. I think this is the only way to truth. Lovingly,
Mama M
Previous research found inositol hexakisphosphate is essential for channel function. This study reveals that it binds the channel as a stabilizing co-factor. The authors also found an unexpected transient receptor potential-like allosteric domain, which provides a potential mechanism for the receptor’s high sensitivity. GENETICS & AUTOIMMUNITY: COPA mutations impair ER-Golgi transport and cause hereditary autoimmune-mediated lung disease and arthritis. Watkin, L.B., Jessen, B., et al. (Orange, J.S. & Shum, A.K.). Nat Genet. 2015. Epub ahead of print. Over the past decde, next-generation sequencing has made sequencing an entire genome ever easier and cheaper. Such whole genome sequencing, or the more focused exome sequencing, which looks just at the portion of the genome that encodes proteins, has allowed for the cause of a number of rare genetic syndromes to be determined. Both the Shum group at UCSF and the Orange group at Baylor College of Medicine encountered several families with inherited autoimmunity syndromes of arthritis and lung disease. In collaboration, they found that all the families had mutations in the COPA gene. The COPA gene encodes a protein important in intracellular transport, and the mutations in these families impair Golgito-ER transport and lead to increased ER stress. The exact mechanism by which this transport defect leads to this focused autoimmunity remains an important question.
UC Grad Slam Monday, May 4 11 a.m.-1:30 p.m. Live Stream
CANCER BIOLOGY: Intratumoral myeloid cells regulate responsiveness and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Rivera, L.B. et al. (Bergers, G.). Cell Rep. 2015. Epub ahead of print. Tumors do not simply blithely grow in the body, ignoring all around them. No, they actively secrete factors to bend the body to their bidding, such as by suppressing the immune response against them or promoting the growth of new blood vessels. Treatments to prevent such new blood vessel growth, through blocking VEGF/ VEGFR signaling, can be quite efficacious albeit usually only for a limited amount of time. In this paper, the authors report an important role for non-tumor cells in the case of resistance. Using mouse models of breast cancer and pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer, the researchers show effective VEGF/VEGFR targeting requires the induction of the immune-stimulatory molecule CXCL14. In turn, resistance arises when the tumor cells begin activating the PI3K pathway in myeloid cells (a subset of white blood cells) within the tumor. NEUROSCIENCE: Brain perfusion in polysubstance users: relationship to substance and tobacco use, cognition, and self-regulation. Murray, D.E. et al. (Meyerhoff, D.J.). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015. 150:120-128. Studying the human brain has proved to be challenging. However, the development of MRI-based tools to study brain perfusion is a useful tool to look for changes in the activity of different brain regions. Previous studies have looked at changes in brain perfusion in those dependent on alcohol and those dependent on stimulants, such as cocaine, but only limited research as been done on polysubstance users (PSU)--that is, those dependent on both alcohol and stimulants. In this study, the authors have compared a PSU group with alcohol-dependent and non-alcoholdependent individuals. They did not observe consistently lower perfusion in PSU than the alcohol group, with both showing decreased perfusion to the brain reward/executive region, correlating with worse performance in certain cognitive assays. However, cigarette smoking had an additional detrimental effect that was greater in PSU than in alcohol-alone. Taylor LaFlam is a fourth-year BMS / sixth-year MSTP student.
Don’t miss UCSF’s own Sama Ahmed present Choosing Mates: How to Know Your Species.
UC Grad Slam aims to provide graduate students with career-building skills such as communicating clearly about their work, while also giving the public a glimpse of UC’s groundbreaking research. Live stream at www.universityofcalifornia.edu/grad-slam.
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Articles continued » Last Lecture » FROM FRONT PAGE Another recurring theme was space, and how the spaces she’s lived and worked in have affected her personal and professional life. Spaces, like the off – the grid cabin her family built near Flagstaff, Arizona helped develop her work ethic. Spaces like the 35-foot sailboat she lived on with her husband helped her organize her material possessions and dictated the place in which she wrote her dissertation. Space also carried over to her professional life as she eventually moved towards working in a lab space that helped create “casual and deliberate interactions” and helped design the new clinical teaching spaces for the physical therapy students. Dr. Topp also shared some personal anecdotes from her vibrant life - camping trips inspired a continual love of the outdoors. “I’m in the sun as much as I can be, if your drive with me, I leave the sunroof down,” she said. Her life has taken her through many different cities and many different locationsstarting with spending her childhood and youth in Arizona, to San Diego, Davis and eventually to San Francisco.
Mentor
» FROM FRONT PAGE First, think about your goal/question and frame it in reference to the other person’s experience in order to build a reciprocal relationship. For instance: “Thank you for your advice on x. If you’re open to it, I’d appreciate the opportunity to speak with you further on your experiences regarding x. I realize your time is valuable, so I can meet for coffee or Skype with you for a brief 30 minute conversation whenever you’re available if that works. If not, I completely understand and thank you for sharing your time with me.“ Next, respect a person’s time by preparing in advance when meeting with them and being punctual. Preparing a list of questions and researching the field, organization or contact is a great way to make a good first impression and show the other person that you are a polished professional. Third, be open and courteous when receiving advice or feedback but also remember to put all the information into context. Not all experiences are applicable and you don’t have to take someone’s advice just because they offered it. If you’ve reached out to someone and they haven’t replied within two weeks, it is ok to send a polite follow up email, but be mindful that if you don’t hear back after that, it could mean that the other person is too busy to respond and it may be best to cease trying to contact that person. You can test the waters by writing a follow up email similar to this: “Dear XX, I just wanted to follow up with you regarding my last email since I hadn’t heard back from you. I realize that you may be too busy to connect right now but I wanted to let you know that I appreciate your taking the time to respond to me and if I don’t hear from you, I’ll assume that now is not a good time but thank you for all your help regardless.”
She also wove in the historical context of how history and attitudes of the time shape her life and experiences from the mundane to those with social impact. She noted, “Yes, there was a time without computers, iPads… or even electronic medical records,” in recounting her mother teacher her to write – in cursive, which is no longer taught in schools.
Student Expenses » FROM FRONT PAGE Salazar. Still, she acknowledges that UCSF struggles to keep pace with select elite private institutions, including Stanford and Harvard, who are able to provide more money as grants.
With humility and grace she concluded with her own personal experiences with diversity and learning to value different human experiences and connections. She acknowledged that as a product of a different generation and place, she has occasionally made mistakes in her interactions with people, and noted that “some of her best teachers have been students.”
Additionally, UCSF is currently less able to offer on-campus housing to its students than some of its competitor institutions, such as Cornell and Rockefeller in New York City and Harvard in Boston and Cambridge. Current plans propose approximately doubling the amount of housing available over the next two decades, though this will still be only enough for a bit less than half of all students.
To a standing ovation, she concluded that both herself and the UCSF community as a whole, should “Mind the rumble strip” by alerting each other when we have made mistakes and to give each other space for learning growth and recovery.
Concerns about expenses also tend to disproportionately affect members of groups that are underrepresented in medicine. “The consensus is that one of the
Dr. Topp’s complete “Last Lecture” can be viewed online at: http://tiny.ucsf.edu/ LastLecture2015 Bryne Ulmschneider is a fourth-year tetrad student.
Always remember to thank everyone who shares their time and experience with you, regardless of whether or not it was helpful as everyone’s time is valuable. Advice for people wishing to mentor: Encourage a mentee to share their goals at the beginning of the conversation so you can better focus your efforts and make the most of your time together. It is important to be transparent and clear in your communications and expectations. For instance, let mentees know what your communication style is in terms of getting back to them on questions. Additionally, if you have been talking to someone and aren’t looking to create a more in-depth relationship then politely let the other person know by clearly signaling this to them during an appropriate time near the end of your conversation. For example: “You’ve asked great questions and it sounds like you’re on the right track so far. I’m glad that I could share my experiences with you and I hope they’ll be helpful to you. I don’t always have the time to help others, so I value brief encounters like ours because I can offer advice but still have time for everything else. I wish you all the best in the future and if there’s anyone I can refer you to, please just let me know.” You can choose to help someone simply by agreeing to refer them to one of your contacts or answering a question. The depth and length of someone’s involvement with a mentee will be unique to each individual. No matter how you choose to help someone your contributions are appreciated by not only the mentee but also serve to create a strong professional community as well. In the end there is no one way to build a mentorship with someone but if you’d like more help with how to identify a supportive mentor and build a professional relationship, schedule an appointment with an OCPD counselor at (415) 476-4986. Naledi Saul is the director of OCPD.
Write for Synapse. Email synapse@ucsf.edu.
LivingGreen » FROM PAGE 3 work and home. Learn more about the LivingGreen Office/Lab Certification Program as well as the Sustainability Action Plan. There will be a variety of fun activities, including: •• •• •• ••
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Check out a Nissan Leaf electric car Check out the Scoot Network electric scooters Take the UCSF Commuter Survey Learn from environmental organizations and government agencies such as 350.org, Fix-It Clinic, SF Estuary Partnership, SF PUC, Nature in the City, and Pesticide Research Institute Participate in the used bike auction Purchase eco gifts and healthy food items Learn About how to green your lab (a dozen scientific equipment and supply vendors will be highlighting their green equipment)
Reason #2: Taste Yummy, Healthy Food Who said there is no such thing as a free lunch? A limited supply of free vegetarian lunches will be available at the fair (first come, first served, so come early). There will be other fun opportunities to sample sustainable food as well as learn about UCSF’s sustainable food programs and sustainable food vendors. Reason #3: Get a Free Bear Hug All UCSF employees and staff who ride their bike to work on May 14th as part of Bike to Work Day will get a free Bear Hug. UCSF Transportation Services will have a Parnassus energizer station at Irving at 2nd Avenue. The Mission Bay energizer station will be located at 16th and Owens Street. Stations will provide water, coffee, fresh fruit, and pastries to all UCSF student, faculty and staff who bike to work. The station hours are from 7:00 am – 9:30 am. Reason #4: Recycle your E-waste for Free Want a safe way to dispose of that old cell phone or laptop? Bring your items to the Fair and drop them off at the E-waste recycling station. Any working or nonworking electronics that do not have labels or UCSF asset tags can be recycled. For questions, e-mail the UCSF Recycling Program at recycling@ucsf.edu. Reason #5: A Chance to be Creative This year the fair will include a repurposed art station hosted by the Museum of Craft
biggest obstacles to having more diversity [at UCSF] is the relative lack of financial aid compared to those of our competitor schools,” said Zahner. According to the survey results, the average student spends $464 per month on food, including eating out, and $126 on transportation. Those students with children report average monthly childcare expenses of $616 per child, with some paying much more and some much less. A full report on the survey results is expected to be released within the next month. Zahner, for one, thinks that building housing needs to be a priority. “Now that the new hospital is built, they need to start fundraising like crazy to build more student housing and for financial aid.” Taylor LaFlam is a fourth-year BMS / sixth-year MSTP student.
and Design. In addition, check out the third annual Recycled/Reclaimed Art Show. The recycled/reclaimed theme is appealing to even the “non-artists,” as many of the submissions are from people who don’t normally show in the annual staff and faculty show. Artwork is made from a range of reclaimed materials. Two Other April Events to Check Out Beyond Skin Deep: Reducing Exposure to Chemicals in Cosmetics Wednesday, May 13, 12-1pm Rock Hall – 102 Pottruck Auditorium, 1550 4th Street, Mission Bay Campus The day before the fair, check out the event on how to reduce your exposure to chemicals in cosmetics. The Committee on Family Services, LivingGreen and Campus Life Services invite you to a talk by Kim Harley, PhD, Associate Adjunct Professor of Maternal and Child Health at UC Berkeley’s School of Public Health and Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH). Dr. Harley will share findings from The HERMOSA Study, a youth empowerment study of reducing Latina girls’ exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics. Endocrine disruptors mimic, or block, or otherwise interfere with the hormones and can be found in make-up and other personal care products such as sunscreen, soaps and fragrance. Dr. Harley will also share practical information for parents regarding chemicals in cosmetics and beauty products, as well as healthful alternatives. Please join us following the talk for tea, cookies and conversation with the presenter. RSVP encouraged, but not required. Also available via live stream from myfamily.ucsf.edu. Fifth Annual Better World Books drive Thursday, May 14 through Friday, June 19 Proceeds will go to the National Center for Families Learning. Drop Boxes will be located at •• Mission Bay FAMRI Library (Rutter Community Center, Room 150) •• UCSF Library, Parnassus To learn more about acceptable donations go here: http://www.betterworldbooks. com/go/campus-acceptance-guidelines.
Read Synapse online at synapse.ucsf.edu.
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Articles continued » Exit Science » FROM PAGE 3 face is growing vines native to Europe – such as Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Merlot – in dry conditions and in the presence of local fungal diseases such as powdery mildew. American viticulture – the science and production of grapes – has relied on hybrid cross-breeds of European and American varieties to achieve European flavor with American hardiness. Mixed hybrids are given names of their own, but to produce a classic European wine in America, vineyards will have to back cross the hybrids for many generations back to the European vine, carefully selecting for the disease-resistance gene while returning all other characteristics back to the original. As anyone working with laboratory mice will know, this process can take as many as ten generations and is laborious and extremely time-consuming. While a quick introduction of the crucial gene would take a day of work in the laboratory, cautious grape growers are relying on the slow path (for now). Agriculture and viticulture programs at
Solutions »
Cornell University and UC Davis have worked to develop disease- and weatherresistant varieties. Cornell’s grape breeding program has produced 56 new varieties since 1885. The latest two, Aromella and Arandell, were named and released in 2013. The development of new grape varieties doesn’t stop at the trial and error process of crossing plants and observing the result. Scientists use modern molecular techniques to study all aspects of grape vine biology. For example, a recent publication in the February 2015 issue of American Journal of Enology and Viticulture from Andrea Campisano and colleagues used DNA sequencing to quantify the bacterial diversity on wild and domesticated grape vines, and identified a four-fold decrease in diversity on domesticated plants. Perhaps understanding the microbiome of the grape vine could lead to new ways to protect them from disease.
Solution to Crossword: C L A D
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F U M I G C A T A A B A T R O B E D U B S T Y M A P H O N R A P T O R A L P E L E
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A T A L L A T E P P L E S A S A S H S T O C A I R O S S E T E L R E D S T O N S R O L U M R I S E E P E R
F L A H C O O R N N S P O A L T E E C N I S M
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| April 30, 2015 | 7
Solution to Sudoku
As usual, it seems that the microbiome might be connected to just about everything. Sources: Chris Loxton, Cornell University, UC Davis, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture Hanna Starobinets is a fourth-year BMS student.
Read Synapse Online synapse.ucsf.edu
Lyme Disease » FROM PAGE 3
get triage antibiotics of a sufficient strength and dosage to knock out any chance of a Lyme infection. It’s important to see Lyme-literate medical professionals who are used to treating Lyme patients. Referrals to Lyme-literate medical professionals can be obtained at www.lymenet.org by posting a request in the Seeking A Doctor section. Tests are not always accurate. The ELISA screening test is accurate only 50% of the time! In comparison to the AIDS screening test which is supposed to have 95% accuracy. The IGeneX Lab in Palo Alto conducts Western Blot IgM and IgG antibody tests, but even this competent lab catches only 60-70% of cases. This is because the bacteria might not be in the blood sample. They might be hiding in cyst form, or immune system might be too weak to mount a sufficient defense. There is an antigen culture blood test done through Advanced Laboratory Services in PA, but it too can miss the infection if there are no bacteria in the blood draw. Therefore, Lyme-treating doctors often treat Lyme clinically, by history and symptoms. Often a person will test positive after some treatment when their immune system is strong enough to fight back. People can also have co-infections in the mix, such as babesiosis, bartonella, erhlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Babesiosis is caused by a blood protozoan, babesia, that lives in red blood cells. It causes profound fatigue, and night sweats and chills. It is treated similar to malaria. Bartonella is due to a bacterium that infects red blood cells; its most well-known incarnation is cat-scratch fever. It causes
swollen lymph nodes, sore feet, nightmares and strong anger feelings. Erhlichiosis and anaplasmosis are two closely related infections that cause fevers, headaches, muscle pain, and can damage organs. A Lyme-treating doctor knows how to look for subtle signs of co-infections, and knows how to treat them. Treatment for Lyme disease falls in three categories: kill/deter the organisms, detox, and fortify the body. Antibiotics are the usual initial treatment. Some people, however, may be allergic to antibiotics and have to treat with herbs. The Lyme bacteria do not like heat or oxygen, so heat treatments and oxygen treatments may be included. Detoxing is needed in chronic cases to clear out inflammation. Some use far infrared (FIR) saunas to sweat out toxins. Others detox with oral remedies. Fortification is important to do because the bacteria uses up the body’s nutrients for its needs. For example, it utilizes magnesium for its reproductive needs, depriving us of magnesium needed for cellular ATP energy and thus rendering us tired all the time. Magnesium is also a part of over 300 enzyme reactions, thus its decrease is keenly felt in most body systems. That’s just one example of the loss of a nutrient we need; there are more that need supplementation. Our pets can also get these infections. Vets are generally aware of them and know how to treat them. www.dogsandticks. com is an interesting web site, as we can move a cursor across a map of the US to see reported percentages of some of these infections in dogs. It’s best to know what to do to avoid getting these infections or any further exposure if you are already battling Lyme disease and co-infections. The California Department of Public Health and the
Centers for Disease Control outline several so we need to be vigilant regarding any suggestions to minimize your exposure to vegetation. It’s even been reported that UCSF newspaper Synapse x 4” disease from leaning ticks and tick-borne infectious disease: someonead: got5”Lyme against a tree in the Great America parking •• Avoid wooded and grassy areas, lot in Santa Clara. This means that wood particularly in the summer months, or areas such as fields that have wild and trees need to be treated with caution rodents (ticks often live on these too, as bird and squirrels can deposit ticks animals). there. It’s a new world out there... •• Wear appropriate clothing - long pants with tall sock. If possible tuck pants into socks, wear long-sleeved shirts that Risk of infection depends on percentage of are tight at the wrist, and wear a hat. ticks infected in any area. Tick dragging •• Spray clothing with insect repellent. •• Always check yourself for ticks with flannel captures ticks for testing. immediately following possible There are 10 cases of Lyme disease known exposure. to have been contracted in San Francisco, which is low. There are lots of tick repellent options. One of them is essential oils, which are Marin and East Bay are showing 5-10% not toxic to us but keep bugs away. Orange infected ticks; Santa Cruz, Monterey, Guard is an essential oil product derived Sonoma and Napa are approximately 15% from oranges. Orange Guard can be found tick-infected, and parts of Mendocino have in health food stores and hardware stores. 40% infected nymphs! Put a small amount in a spray bottle, fill with water and spray on clothing and gear. One more caveat to California - the state Use other essential oils for skin. recently passed a law allowing dogs in outdoor restaurant patios. Thus, it may If you see an embedded tick, do not remove be prudent to put some tick repellent on it with your bare hands; use tweezers or go restaurant patios with dogs, since any dog to a health facility for immediate removal. can drop a tick off anywhere. We already Same for pets - you can also take them to have a report of a San Francisco resident the vet. who got reinfected in a dog park, and another case of a San Francisco resident Some people are also apply additional who got Lyme disease inside the home protection on their dogs by misting or from a tick off the dog. rubbing the Orange Guard spray onto their dog’s fur. Prevention starts with awareness. There are tips for tip removal and vegetation Some variations on the above CDC management online. For example, www. instructions for California: ticks are active wildflower-seed.com offers a long-handled here all year long. Nymph ticks, the 2nd cutter such that you can trim vegetation development stage, emerge in the spring back where ticks might be, and deposit the and are active spring and summer, while cut vegetation elsewhere without having to adult ticks are active November through come in contact with it. Learn more about June. Tick advice applies all year long what’s happening and how to manage it all in our state. Deer can carry a lot of ticks; at www.lymedisease.org, www.lymenet. where there are deer, there are usually ticks org, www.lymediseaseassociation.org, and that can drop off on the ground. more. Being pro-active and careful during time spent outside and with pets can have a Birds and small animals like mice, significant impact on avoiding encounters squirrels, chipmunks can carry ticks that with an infected tick! then drop off on the ground. Ticks have been found in backyards here as well, Robin Krop is a San Francisco Lyme disease advocate.
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| synapse.ucsf.edu
Puzzles »
Humans of UCSF »
The Crossword
ACROSS 1 Barnyard baby 5 Brazilian port 10 Botch up 14 In ___ of flowers... 15 Thrill 16 Simpson sibling 17 Lump in one's throat 19 "You said it!" 20 Portray 21 Old-style window opener 23 Fancy party 25 "Vamoose!" 26 Agent of change 30 Highly decorative 34 Taper off 35 Terrier type 37 Go a few rounds 38 Hotel amenity 39 Search party 40 Fill up 41 Do a voice-over 42 Monopoly piece 43 Show-off 44 Confound 46 Danger signal 48 Crafts partner 50 Carryall bag 51 Talk radio callers 55 Assign new actors 59 Wholly absorbed 60 Newspaper ad unit 62 Evangelist Roberts 63 Greet the day 64 Celestial body
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Humans of UCSF is a student-run project aimed at putting a name to the faces we see on campus. View the project on our Facebook page (facebook.com/UCSFsynapse) or on our website (synapse.ucsf.edu/humans-of-ucsf).
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Copyright 2015 by The Puzzle Syndicate
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11 Fancy ride, 33 Make an effort briefly 36 Archipelago part 12 Computer 39 Like Byron's operator words 13 Boston or 40 Grammatical slip DOWN 1 Iron follower Chicago, e.g. 42 Bring on board 18 Justice symbol 43 Eucharist plate 2 White House staffer 22 Triceratops 45 Yankees legend move2015 - Issue feature1 47 Projecting 3 BalletMay 4 Debug? 24 Knotted window 5 As Felix Unger neckwear 49 Siesta sound would 26 St. Louis team, 51 Stage item 6 Chalet backdrop, familiarly 52 Fabled loser perhaps 27 More or less 53 October 7 Soldier's lullaby 28 Certain birthstone 8 Mythical housecat 54 Lose traction strongman 29 Police weapon 56 Pay to play 9 Potential ship31 Put down 57 Peruse wreck spot 32 Bellhop, often 58 Drive-___ 10 Perfume bottle 61 Kind of tax Edited by Margie E. Burke
Photo by Lauren Shields
“I like the artwork at UCSF. There’s Robert Arneson at Parnassus – the heads with pillars on top – I’m a big fan of his work. And there are some super funny paintings in Byers Hall. Then there’s the iconic Richard Serra sculptures – the big monoliths at Mission Bay – they remind me of 2001 space odyssey.” -Nicolas Strauli UCSF Graduate Division Fourth Year BMS Student
Comics »
Piled Higher and Deeper
By Jorge Cham
Difficulty : Easy
HOW TO SOLVE:
Copyright 2015 by The Puzzle Syndicate
Solution to Sudoku
(Answer appears elsewhere in this issue)
SOLUTIONS » PAGE 7
xkcd
By Randall Monroe