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Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Many Member States see this goal as a pre-requisite for growth and industrialisation and a goal that is complementary to Goal 11 on making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. As centres of economic activity, cities require adequate and future-proof infrastructure to develop their full economic potential. This goal is also relevant in strengthening links between rural-urban areas, supply chains and improving the productivity of rural areas. The infrastructure deficit in poorer countries is significant with sizeable investments required in sustainable transport, energy, water and ICT. The specific characteristics of the infrastructure deficit and its spatial manifestation are context specific and developing an appropriate response requires articulation between different levels of government. Below we include examples of indicators for Targets 9.1 and 9.c, trying to capture types of infrastructure which are not covered under other targets (e.g. water, sanitation and energy are all included under other goals). Target 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all (a) Dimensions to be measured: - Quality of infrastructure - Reliability of infrastructure - Resilience of infrastructure - Equitable access (b) Proposed indicators: Proposed indicators 1. Access to all-weather road : percentage of rural population with access within 2 km distance to road
2.
Passenger-kilometres by various land transport modes in major national and regional corridors
3.
Cost of national and regional freight per ton-km
Possible alternative indicators
Comments (Linkages, disaggregation and sources) Linkages: Goal 2 and 8. Disaggregation by: Rural areas. A few examples for countries' subregions; perhaps could be further disaggregated. Sources: Proposed by the WB as part of a Rural Infrastructure Index. Also included in UNSDSN proposals (July, 2014 and Urban SDG). Reported at country level for rural areas in aggregate and very few examples for countries sub-regions. http://data.worldbank.org/datacatalog/rural-access-index; http://www.worldbank.org/transport/transportresults/headline/ruralaccess.html Limitations: TBC. Linkages: Goal 2, 8 and 11. Disaggregation by: Regional corridors. Sources: TBC suggested by UNSDSN (Urban SDG Goal 11; August 2014). Limitations: TBC Linkages: Goals 2, 8 and 11; Disaggregation by: TBC Sources: TBC suggested by UNSDSN (Urban SDG Goal 11; August 2014); Limitations: TBC