0w2010 01 RESUM EJECUTIVO 03 DEFcarta ang
26/10/10
19:49
Página 29
29
Second Global Report on Decentralization and Local Democracy. GOLD 2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
things, this implies that local governments are highly dependent on transfers from other spheres of government to fund service delivery. This situation would appear to be quite extreme in some countries in the region, especially in South Asia, and puts significant pressure on the design and implementation of transfers to achieve prestated national objectives and promote vertical accountability.
chapter generally focuses on an examination of the following: •
adequacy of resources to which local governments have access,
•
discretion accorded to local governments over the use of those resources,
•
use of performance incentives and sanctions in the intergovernmental framework,
•
management capacity of local governments, and
•
quality of local public service outcomes.
Performance A variety of criteria might be used to assess the performance of any particular intergovernmental system. The approach in this
Table 1:
The assessment indicates, in general, the considerable challenges faced by local
Estimated Sub-national Government Shares of Total Public Expenditure and Revenue
Country
Share of Total Public Expenditure (%)
Share of Total Public Revenue (%)
Sub-National
Upper Tier
Lower Tier
India
66
33
33
33
Pakistan
33
28
5
7
6.5
0.5
Bangladesh
15
5
10
2
1
1
Nepal
10
n.a.
8
4
n.a.
4
China
70
20
50
40
15
25
Japan
60
20
40
40
20
20
Korea
45
15
30
25
10
15
Indonesia
35
7
28
8
5.5
2.5
Philippines
25
11
14
10
2.5
7.5
Vietnam
45
30
15
35
25
10
Thailand
10
5
5
2
1
1
Australia
36
30
6
20
17
3
9
8
New Zealand
9
Source: GOLD II, Asia Pacific chapter.
n.a.
Sub-National
Upper Tier
Lower Tier
30
3
n.a.
8